[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 91 (Thursday, May 11, 1995)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 25178-25185]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-11538]



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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Mineral Management Service

30 CFR Part 250

RIN 1010-AB50


Oil and Gas and Sulphur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf

AGENCY: Minerals Management Service, Interior.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This proposed rule revises requirements for preventing 
hydrogen sulfide (H2S releases and protecting human safety. 
Requirements for visual and audible warning systems, personnel 
protection, training, H2S and sulphur dioxide (SO2) detection 
and monitoring, and H2S flaring are proposed.

DATES: Comments must be received or postmarked no later than July 10, 
1995 to be considered in this rulemaking.

ADDRESSES: Comments should be mailed or hand-carried to the Department 
of the Interior; Minerals Management Service; Mail Stop 4700; 381 Elden 
Street; Herndon, Virginia 22070-4817; Attention: Chief, Engineering and 
Standards Branch.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
E.P. Danenberger, telephone (703) 787-1598, or John Mirabella, (703) 
787-1600.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    On January 19, 1989 (54 FR 2332), the Occupational Safety and 
Health Administration (OSHA) published a final rule in the Federal 
Register to amend requirements contained in 29 CFR 1910.1000. The 
requirements concerned permissible exposure limits (PEL) for 164 toxic 
substances that included H2S and SO2. The Minerals Management 
Service (MMS) determined that its regulations at Sec. 250.67 should be 
revised to be consistent with OSHA's PEL's and published proposed 
revisions in the Federal Register on August 15, 1990 (55 FR 33326). 
Requirements for training, signs, SO2 sensors, mud sensors, and 
materials were also revised or added, and additional information was 
requested regarding the calibration frequency of H2S sensors.
    A Circuit Court Appeals Action invalidated OSHA's final rule. As a 
consequence, OSHA resumed enforcing contaminant exposure limits that 
were in effect prior to the issuance of new limits on January 19, 1989. 
Because of the extensive revisions resulting from comments to the 
proposed rule (published on August 15, 1990), and because of the court 
decision on OSHA's 1989 final rule, MMS is re-proposing the rule and 
requesting additional comments.
    The MMS proposes to retain the H2S concentration level 
thresholds similar to those in the current rule. Also, new sections 
concerning H2S flaring and SO2 concentration levels have been 
added.
    The MMS proposes to incorporate the latest editions of the American 
National Standards Institute's (ANSI) American National Standard 
Practices for Respiratory Protection (ANSI Z88.2-1980) and the National 
Association of Corrosion Engineers' (NACE) Standard (MR-01-75), 
Recommended Practice (RP), Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic 
Materials for Oil Field Equipment.

Discussion of Specific Comments

    The following comments and responses are grouped by specific 
section or paragraph title.

Subpart D--Oil and Gas Drilling Operations


Sec. 250.67(b)  Definitions.

    Comment: The term ``potentially result in atmospheric 
concentrations of 15 ppm or more of H2S'' is vague and the 
definition for ``Zones known to contain H2S'' should be limited to 
facilities known to contain H2S where atmospheric concentrations 
of 10 parts per million (ppm) or more of H2S have been verified.
    Response: Because human safety is dependent upon advance 
preparation, the definition for zones known to contain H2S must be 
based on the potential for a high volume release. Gas with an H2S 
concentration of only 20 ppm, if released at a rate of 1,000,000 cubic 
feet per day (1,000 MCFD), exposes all personnel within 24 feet to 
concentrations of 20 ppm (Pasquill-Gifford dispersion equation using 
wind speed of 1 mile per hour). Therefore, the definition encompasses 
most H2S-bearing zones which could flow in volumes of 1,000 MCFD 
or more.
    The 15-ppm concentration mentioned in the above comment has been 
changed to 20 ppm, as currently required in the regulations.


Sec. 250.67(c)  Request for classification of probability of 
encountering H2S during operations.

    Comment: The definition of ``Zones where the absence of H2S 
has been confirmed,'' should recognize the possibility of H2S 
being generated as a result of water flooding.
    Response: The MMS agrees that H2S could be generated during 
production operations in the initial stages of a new water flood 
project. Paragraph (c) is amended to require a reclassification when 
new data indicate the presence of H2S.


Sec. 250.67(e)  Drilling and well-completion operations in zones where 
the presence of H2S is unknown.

    Comment: The first sentence of Sec. 250.67(e) should be revised to 
require compliance with well-control fluid provisions in zones where 
the presence of H2S is unknown.
    Response: The MMS agrees with this suggestion. Compliance with the 
fluid program requirements of paragraph (i) in an unknown area would 
enable the operator to safely continue operations if H2S is 
encountered. The title and text of paragraph (e) have been revised 
accordingly.


Sec. 250.67(h)(1)  H2S Contingency Plan.

    Comment: Two commenters suggested a requirement for H2S-
detection, monitoring, and alarm systems on vessels attendant to a 
facility. Hydrogen sulfide is heavier than air and tends to settle and 
accumulate in lower areas. The commenters are concerned that horns and 
lights from a production platform may be insufficient to warn a vessel 
tied up below the platform or that gas might accumulate at the vessel 
rather than the producing facility.
    Response: The MMS agrees that a low volume, low-concentration 
release of H2S might migrate down to a vessel moored on the 
leeward side of the facility and be detected on the vessel before the 
platform. The need for H2S sensors on attendant vessels depends on 
the positioning procedures described in the Contingency Plan. 
Requirements for sensors are specified in Sec. 250.67(h)(6) H2S-
detection and H2S-monitoring equipment (formerly paragraph 
(h)(5)). A new paragraph (h)(6)(v) has been added to require H2S-
detection systems on certain vessels attendant to facilitates.
    During a recent drilling operation, it was necessary to divert gas 
containing H2S. Personnel from platforms as far away as 12 miles 
had to be evacuated. This incident identified the importance of 
notifying nearby manned facilities. The MMS has proposed to require 
lists [[Page 25179]] of facilities to be notified in case of a release 
of H2S.
    Comment: Six organizations commented on the proposed new paragraph 
(h)(1) (viii) and (ix) that addresses the toxic hazard of SO2, a 
gas produced when H2S is ignited. The commenters suggested 
clarification of the term ``portable monitors'' and the monitoring 
procedures.
    Response: The proposed rule allows the use of portable equipment to 
monitor personnel exposure to SO2 when H2S is intentionally 
or accidentally burned. The MMS recognizes that operators may choose 
the use permanent SO2 detectors to monitor flares.
    Other commenters suggested that the rule might be interpreted to 
require continuous monitoring of the SO2. The MMS recognizes that 
the irritating odor of SO2 warns personnel about its presence. The 
purpose of the requirement is to have a means of measuring the 
concentration to determine if PEL's are exceeded. The MMS has clarified 
the requirement in new paragraphs (h)(1)(xi) (C) and (D).
    New paragraph (h)(1)(xi).
    The MMS has determined that the current regulations at 30 CFR 
250.67 and 250.175 do not clearly address the flaring of gas containing 
H2S. Therefore, a new paragraph has been added to require that the 
H2S Contingency Plan described the operational conditions during 
which gas containing H2S could be flared, estimate the maximum gas 
flow rate, H2S concentration and duration of flaring, assess the 
risks to personnel, and identify the precautionary measures to be 
taken.


Sec. 250.67(h)(2)  Training Program.

    Comment: New training requirements are not needed unless there is 
some specific reason for increased training.
    Response: The proposed requirements do not include additional 
training requirements. In fact, the requirement for training has been 
reduced from a training session upon arrival and every subsequent 7-day 
period, to an initial training session repeated annually.
    Comment: The proposed definition of a ``visitor'' implies that 
anyone remaining onboard overnight would be subject to annual H2S 
training certification requirements. The commenter's opinion was that 
the proposed briefing is adequate for all visitors whether or not they 
depart the day of arrival.
    Response: Any person who remains at a facility for an extended 
period (i.e., overnight) should be fully trained in the hazards of 
H2S and the provisions for personnel protection.
    Comment: Visitors should be properly trained in the use of the type 
of respirator available on the facility.
    Response: The MMS agrees. Language has been added to require that 
visitors be given a hands-on demonstration and practice in donning and 
adjusting the assigned respirator.
    Comment: Visitors not temporarily or permanently employed at the 
facility should not be required to receive the full H2S training 
required for operator and contract personnel.
    Response: This paragraph was received to clarify that visitors who 
do not remain overnight need only receive abbreviated training outlined 
in the paragraph. However, visitors who do remain overnight will be 
required to receive full H2S training.
    Comment: Commenters on Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(iv) stated that OSHA plans 
to withdraw the restriction on wearing contact lenses with a respirator 
(29 CFR 1910.134(e)(5)(ii)) and recommended investigating this proposed 
change and amending MMS requirement for consistency with the OSHA 
requirement.
    Response: The MMS is aware that OSHA has considered withdrawing the 
restriction on wearing contact lenses with a respirator. If OSHA 
publishes final revisions of this requirement, MMS will consider 
revising its requirement accordingly.
    Comment: The requirement of Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(v)(B) for three 
resuscitators could be reduced for platforms having fewer than three 
people onboard.
    Response: Facilities that are manned for 24 hours per day will 
normally have more than three people onboard, and visits to unmanned 
facilities usually involve several people. Therefore, the proposed 
requirement was not changed.


Sec. 250.67(h)(3)  Drills.

    Comment: The requirement for a drill within 24 hours after duty 
begins and once during every subsequent 7-day period is excessive and 
should be reduced.
    Response: This is an existing requirement that has been 
successfully implemented in the field. Contract personnel may only be 
on the platform for a few days. The proposed requirement ensures that 
they receive the benefit of regular drills. Further, the weekly 
training requirement was eliminated with the understanding that each 
employee would be participating in a weekly drill.


Sec. 250.67(h)(4)  Visual warning system (formerly paragraph (h)(3)).

    Comment: This paragraph was not initially proposed for revision, 
but two commenters recommended that operators be allowed to display 
colored lights as visual warning signs for H2S.
    Response: The revised rule permits electronic systems that alert 
vessels and clearly explain the danger.
    Comment: Four organizations claimed that it is not possible to put 
the wording ``Danger-Poisonous Gas-Hydrogen Sulfide'' in 12-inch-high 
letters on a 4-foot x 8-foot sign and still have room for the wording 
about the red warning flags.
    Response: The MMS now proposes wording painted in the following 
format on a sign 14.5 feet wide and 6 feet high:
    In 12-inch-high letters:

DANGER

POISONOUS GAS

HYDROGEN SULFIDE

and in 7-inch-high letters:

DO NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING.

    According to the Virginia Department of Transportation's highway 
sign standard, 1 inch of letter height is required for each 50 feet of 
safe reading distance; therefore, the 12-inch-high letters could be 
safely read from a distance of 200 yards, and the 7-inch-high letters 
could be safely read from a distance of 116 yards. The MMS considers 
these distances to be sufficient for helicopter and vessel pilots to 
read, heed, and change course.
    The revised paragraph also provides the option of supplementing 
existing signs, thereby saving the operator the expense of replacement 
or repainting.
    Comment: Exceptions to paragraph (h)(4)(ii)(D) should be allowed 
for the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) approved safety zones since the signs 
would be unreadable from vessels outside these safety zones.
    Response: The intent of the proposed sign requirement is to warn 
all types of craft, including private and commercial fishing boats and 
vessels attendant to the facility, of the potentially toxic hazards. 
The USCG approved safety zones are designed to prevent collisions of 
large vessels with platforms and are not usually applicable to vessels 
attendant to the facility or vessels under 100 feet in length.


Sec. 250.67(h)(5)  Audible warning system (formerly paragraph (h)(4)).

    Comment: Seven commenters suggested working changes to make it 
clear that the monitoring equipment shall be capable of activating 
alarms.
    Response: The MMS agrees and has revised paragraph (h)(5) 
accordingly. [[Page 25180]] 


Sec. 250.67(h)(6)  H2S-detection and H2S-monitoring equipment 
(formerly paragraph (h)(5)).

    Comment: Add the mud-return receiver tank (possum belly) and pipe-
trip tank to the list of specified areas where atmospheric H2S 
sensors are required (paragraph (h)(6)(i)) because the potential for 
the release of H2S is high at both of these places during 
drilling, well-completion, or well-workover operations.
    Response: The MMS agrees and has added those areas to the list of 
H2S sensing points.
    Comment: Five commenters disagreed with the provision in (h)(6)(i) 
that allows the substitution of an in-the-mud sensor for the air sensor 
required at the bell nipple. Two commenters supported the supplemental 
use of in-the-mud sensors. One commenter suggested the deletion of the 
provision that allows the District Supervisor discretion to require an 
in-the-mud sensor at the bell nipple if the air sensor at that location 
is habitually inoperative.
    Response: The purpose of an in-the-mud sensor in the mud-return 
line receiver tank is to detect the potential for H2S release, so 
that corrective action can be taken. Further, an in-the-mud sensor may 
be necessary if the air sensors at the nipple are subject to 
contamination by splashed mud and rig floor washwater.
    However, the air sensor at the bell nipple is necessary when the 
mud-return line receiver tank is bypassed. This is a common occurrence 
when tripping drill pipe. Therefore, proposed paragraph (h)(6)(i) only 
provides for the supplementary use of in-the-mud sensors and authorizes 
the District Supervisor to require such devices where the performance 
of ambient air sensors has not been satisfactory.


Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(ii)  (new paragraph).

    Comment: Requirements for H2S sensors on production facilities 
in proposed paragraph (h)(6)(i) are vague, and MMS should incorporate 
the sensor location guidelines contained in the latest draft of the 
American petroleum Institute's (API) RP for Analysis, Design, 
Installation and Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore 
Production Platforms, API RP 14C.
    Response: The MMS agrees. A new paragraph (h)(1)(x) provides for a 
drawing (in the H2S Contingency Plan) showing vessels, wellheads, 
and other H2S handling equipment. New paragraph (h)(6)(ii) lists 
the locations for the sensors required on production facilities.


Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(iii)  (formerly (h)(5)(ii)).

    Comment: Twelve commenters suggested a reduction in the calibration 
frequency and the use of functional tests to determine when re-
calibration is required. None presented any data to support their 
contention. One commenter suggested that daily functional testing begin 
when the drill bit is 1,500 feet above the potential H2S zone.
    Response: The proposed rule combines the suggestions of H2S 
specialists and a functional test requirement specified in the 
Instrument Society of America's (ISA) RP, Installation, Operation, and 
Maintenance of Hydrogen Sulfide Detection Instruments, ISA-RP 12.15, 
Part II-1990. The revision proposes a reduction in function testing and 
calibration frequencies while authorizing the District Supervisor to 
require more frequent testing when warranted.


Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(iv)  (formerly (h)(5)(iii)).

    Comment: The term ``H2S-detection ampoules'' is ambiguous and 
trade restrictive.
    Response: The MMS agrees and has revised the proposal to require 
``portable H2S-detection devices.''
    Because employees entering an area will be exposed to danger before 
they can use a portable device, the proposed rule does not allow 
operators to use portable devices to monitor poorly ventilated areas. 
Proposed paragraphs (h)(6) (i) and (ii) address areas where H2S 
may accumulate and requires fixed sensors. Portable devices may be used 
in other instances such as when the lessee needs to monitor H2S in 
nearby facilities.


Sec. 250.67(h)(7)  SO2-detection and SO2-monitoring equipment 
(new paragraph (h)(7)).

    Comment: Operators should have the option to use portable or fixed 
SO2 monitors to monitor air quality while burning gas containing 
H2S.
    Another commenter recommended that monitors be capable of detecting 
a minimum of 2 ppm of SO2, and that, in lieu of prescribed 
emergency actions, personnel protection measures should follow the 
operator's approved Contingency Plan.
    Response: These comments were adopted.


Sec. 250.67(h)(8)(i)  (formerly paragraph (h)(6)(i)).

    Comment: Require pressure-demand-type respirators with hoseline 
capability and a specified self-contained breathing time.
    Response: The MMS agrees. The proposal requires compliance with 
ANSI's Z88.2, Practices for Respiratory Protection, which allows use of 
several types of respirators. The first sentence has been revised to 
require that all respirators have hoseline capability and nominal 
breathing time of at least 15 minutes.
    Comment: A specified number of spectacle kits and voice-
transmission devices suitable for use with breathing apparatus should 
be required.
    Response: The MMS agrees and proposes that at least two voice 
transmission devices be available. The requirement for spectacle kits 
remains ``as needed'' depending on the number of crew members and 
potential visitors wearing glasses.


Sec. 250.67(h)(11)  Notification of regulatory agencies (formerly 
paragraph (h)(9)).

    Comment: Clarify reporting for releases of H2S to the USCG and 
MMS so that routine releases associated with testing, repair, or 
maintenance of equipment need not be reported.
    Response: The MMS has revised paragraph (h)(11) to limit reporting 
requirements for low-level releases. We have also deleted the 
requirement for reporting to the USCG because a Memorandum of 
Understanding between MMS and USCG assigns MMS lead responsibility for 
H2S control equipment, gas detection systems, and personnel 
protection. The MMS will notify the USCG as soon as a potentially 
hazardous H2S release has been reported.


Sec. 250.67(l)  Metallurgical properties of equipment for use in a zone 
known to contain H2S--(1) General provisions.

    Comment: Analyses of failure modes should be done for all 
materials--not only ones requiring approval under the NACE Standard MR-
01-75.
    Response: The MMS agrees and has revised paragraph (l)(1) in 
Sec. 250.67.


Sec. 250.67(1)(6)  Welding.

    Comment: Clarify that the welding requirement is applicable to 
production facilities.
    Response: The MMS agrees and has revised and retitled paragraph 
(l)(6).

Subpart K--Oil and Gas Production Rates


Sec. 250.175  Flaring and venting of gas.

    New paragraph (d).
    For safety and emission control purposes, the Regional Supervisor 
is authorized to restrict the routine flaring of H2S. A monthly 
report of volumes flared and H2S concentrations is 
required. [[Page 25181]] 

Authors

    The principal authors of this proposed rule are E.P. Danenberger 
and Lloyd M. Tracey, Engineering and Technology Division, MMS.

Executive Order (E.O.) 12866

    This rule was reviewed under E.O. 12866. The rule was determined 
not to be a significant rule under the criteria of E.O. 12866 and was, 
therefore, not reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget. (OMB).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Department of the Interior (DOI) has also determined that this 
proposed rule will not have a significant economic effect on a 
substantial number of small entities because, in general, the entities 
that engage in activities offshore are not considered small due to the 
technical complexities and financial resources necessary to conduct 
such activities.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule adds new information collection requirements to 
subparts D and K. The information collection requirements contained in 
this rule have been submitted to OMB for approval as required by the 
Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). The collection of 
this information will not be required until it has been approved by 
OMB. Public reporting burden for the H2S information collection 
requirements contained in subparts D and K are estimated to average 12 
hours and 1 hour per response, respectively, including the time for 
reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and 
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the 
collection of information. Send comments regarding these burden 
estimates or any other aspect of this collection of information, 
including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Information 
Collection Clearance Officer; Minerals Management Service; Mail Stop 
2053, 381 Elden Street; Herndon, Virginia 22070-4817, and the Office of 
Management and Budget; Paperwork Reduction Project (1010-0053) for 
subpart D and (1010-0041) for subpart K; Washington, DC 20503, 
telephone (202) 395-7340.

Takings Implication Assessment

    The DOI certifies that the proposed rule does not represent a 
governmental action capable of interference with constitutionally 
protected property rights. Thus, a Takings Implication Assessment need 
not be prepared pursuant to E.O. 12630, Government Action and 
Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights.

E.O. 12778

    The DOI has certified to OMB that this proposed rule meets the 
applicable civil justice reform standards provided in sections 2(a) and 
2(b)(2) of E.O. 12778.

National Environmental Policy Act

    The DOI has determined that this action does not constitute a major 
Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human 
environment; therefore, preparation of an Environmental Impact 
Statement is not required.

List of Subjects in 30 CFR Part 250

    Continental shelf, Environmental impact statements, Environmental 
protection, Government contracts, Incorporation by reference, 
Investigations, Mineral royalties, Oil and gas development and 
production, Oil and gas exploration, Oil and gas reserves, Penalties, 
Pipelines, Public lands-mineral resources, Public lands--rights-of-way, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Sulphur development and 
production, Sulphur exploration, Surety bonds.

    Dated: March 21, 1995.
Bob Armstrong,
Assistant Secretary, Land and Minerals Management.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 30 CFR part 250 is 
proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 250--OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER 
CONTINENTAL SHELF

    1. The authority citation for part 250 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 43 U.S.C. 1334.

    2. In Sec. 250.1, paragraphs (c)(7) and (g)(1) are revised as 
follows:


Sec. 250.1   Documents incorporated by reference.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *

    (7) ANSI Z88.2-1992, Practices for Respiratory Protection, 
Incorporated by Reference at: Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(iv) and (h)(6)(i).
* * * * *
    (g) * * *

    (1) NACE Standard MR-01-92, Recommended Practice, Sulfide Stress 
Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field Equipment, 
January 1992, Incorporated by Reference at: Sec. 250.67(1)(3).
* * * * *
    3. In Sec. 250.2, Definitions, revise the definition Zones known to 
contain (H2S) and in the definition Zones where the absence of 
H2S has been confirmed, revise paragraph (1), remove paragraph 
(2), and redesignate paragraph (3) as paragraph (2) to read as follows:
Sec. 250.2   Definitions.
* * * * *
    Zones known to contain H2S means geologic formations where 
prior drilling, logging, coring, testing, or producing operations have 
confirmed the presence of H2S in concentrations and volumes that 
could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations of 20 parts per 
million (ppm) or more of H2S.
    Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed means one of 
the following: (1) Geologic formations where prior drilling, logging, 
coring, testing, or producing operations have confirmed the absence of 
H2S in concentrations and volumes that could potentially result in 
atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S,
* * * * *
    4. In Sec. 250.67(b), revise the definition Zones known to contain 
H2S and in the definition Zones where the absence of H2S has 
been confirmed revise paragraph (1), remove paragraph (2), and 
redesignate paragraph (3) as paragraph (2) to read as follows:
Sec. 250.67   Hydrogen sulfide.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    Zones known to contain H2S means geologic formations where 
prior drilling, logging, coring, testing, or producing operations have 
confirmed the presence of H2S in concentrations and volumes that 
could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or 
more of H2S.
    Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed means one of 
the following: (1) Geologic formations where prior drilling, logging, 
coring, testing, or producing operations have confirmed the absence of 
H2S in concentrations and volumes that could potentially result in 
atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S;
* * * * *
    5-8. In Sec. 250.67, revise paragraphs (c) through (f) to read as 
follows:
    (c) Requirement for classification or reclassification of 
probability of encountering H2S during operations. The lessee 
shall:
    (1) Obtain an approved classification for the area from the 
Regional Supervisor before beginning operations. Classifications are:
    (i) ``Zones known to contain H2S'';
    (ii) ``Zones where the presence of H2S is unknown''; 
or [[Page 25182]] 
    (iii) ``Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed.''
    (2) Submit a request for reclassification of a zone when additional 
data indicate a different classification is needed.
    (d) Requirements for drilling, well-completion, and well-workover 
operations in zones known to contain H2S. The lessee shall comply 
with paragraphs (d), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) (1) through (5), and (m) 
(1) through (13) of this section.
    (e) Requirements for drilling and well-completion operations in 
zones where the presence of H2S is unknown. The lessee shall 
comply with paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section. If H2S is 
encountered that could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations 
of 20 ppm or more of H2S, the lessee shall follow requirements of 
paragraph (d) of this section.
    (f) Requirements for production operations in zones known to 
contain H2S. Lessee shall comply with the requirements in 
paragraphs (h), (l) (1) through (6), and (m) (7) through (15) of this 
section.
* * * * *
    9. In Sec. 250.67(h), revise paragraphs (h)(1) (iii) through (v), 
redesignate paragraph (h)(1)(vi) as paragraph (h)(1)(viii), and revise 
redesignated paragraph (h)(1)(viii); redesignate (h)(1)(vii) as 
paragraph (h)(1)(ix) and add new paragraphs (h)(1) (vi), (vii), (x), 
and (xi); revise paragraph (h)(2); redesignate paragraph (h)(3) as 
paragraph (h)(4) and revise redesignated paragraphs (h)(4)(ii) (A), 
(D), and (E); add new paragraph (h)(3); redesignate paragraph (h)(4) as 
paragraph (h)(5) and revise redesignated paragraph (h)(5); redesignate 
paragraph (h)(5) as paragraph (h)(6) and revise redesignated paragraph 
(h)(6); redesignate paragraph (h)(6) as paragraph (h)(8) and revise 
redesignated paragraphs (h)(8) (i) and (v); redesignate paragraph 
(h)(7) as paragraph (h)(9) and revise redesignated paragraph (h)(9)(v); 
add new paragraph (h)(7); redesignate paragraph (h)(8) as paragraph 
(h)(10); redesignate paragraph (h)(9) as paragraph (h)(11) and revise 
it.
Sec. 250.67  Hydrogen sulfide.
* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iii) Duties, responsibilities, and operating procedures to be 
initiated when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere reaches 
20 ppm. Include a description of the audible and visual alarms to be 
activated.
    (iv) Designation of briefing areas for assembly of personnel during 
an H2S alert. At least two briefing areas shall be established on 
each facility. The briefing area that is upwind of the H2S source 
at any given time shall be the designated briefing area.
    (v) Procedures for the deboarding and safe evacuation of all 
personnel from the facility by vessel, capsule, or lifeboat. If 
helicopters are to be used during H2S alerts, include a 
description of the types of H2S emergencies during which the risk 
of helicopter activity is deemed acceptable and the precautions during 
such flights.
    (vi) Procedures for the safe positioning of all vessels attendant 
to the facility (including their location with respect to wind 
direction and distance from the facility) and for emergency relocation.
    (vii) Procedures for providing protective-breathing equipment for 
all personnel, including contractors and visitors.
    (viii) A list of agencies and facilities to be notified in case of 
a release of H2S and the procedure for notification. Include the 
identification and telephone numbers of all facilities that might be 
exposed to atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S.
* * * * *
    (x) For production facilities producing gas containing 20 ppm or 
more of H2S, an ``H2S Detector Location Drawing'' showing the 
following:
    (A) All vessels, flare outlets, wellheads, and other equipment 
handling production containing H2S;
    (B) The approximate maximum concentration of H2S in the gas 
stream; and
    (C) The location of all H2S sensors required by paragraph 
(h)(6)(ii) of this section.
    (xi) The H2S Contingency Plan shall describe the operational 
conditions during which gas containing H2S would be flared, 
estimate the maximum gas flow rates, H2S concentrations and 
duration of flaring, assess the risks to personnel, and identify the 
precautionary measures to be taken. The precautions shall include:
    (A) Primary and alternate methods for igniting the flare and 
procedures for sustaining ignition and monitoring the status of the 
flare (i.e., ignited or extinguished).
    (B) Procedures for shutting off flow to the flare in the event the 
flare is accidentally or intentionally extinguished.
    (C) A complete description of portable or fixed sulphur dioxide 
(SO2)-detection system(s) to be used to determine the SO2 
concentration and personnel exposure hazard when gas containing 
H2S is burned.
    (D) A description of the increased monitoring and warning 
procedures to be taken when the SO2 concentration in the 
atmosphere reaches 2 ppm and personnel protection measures or 
evacuation procedures to be initiated when the SO2 concentration 
in the atmosphere reaches 5 ppm.
    (2) Training program. All operator and contract personnel shall 
complete an H2S training program, as described in the operator's 
approved H2S Contingency Plan, before beginning work at an Outer 
Continental Shelf facility. Maintain written documentation of this 
training at the facility where the individual is employed. 
Alternatively, the employee may carry a training completion card. The 
H2S training program described below shall be repeated within 1 
year after completion of the previous class. Employees or contractors 
transferred to another facility shall attend a supplemental briefing on 
H2S equipment and procedures at that facility before beginning 
duty. Visitors who will remain on the facility overnight shall receive 
the training described in this paragraph. Visitors who will depart on 
the day of arrival are exempt from the training described in this 
paragraph, but they shall, upon arrival, complete an abbreviated 
training program that includes the following: Information on the 
location and use of an assigned respirator; practice in donning and 
adjusting the assigned respirator; information on the safe briefing 
areas, alarm system, and hazards of H2S and SO2; and 
instructions on their responsibilities in the event of an H2S 
release. Safety information shall be prominently posted on the facility 
and on vessels serving the facility. The training program shall include 
the following:
    (i) Instruction on the hazards of H2S and SO2 and the 
provisions for personnel safety contained in the H2S Contingency 
Plan.
    (ii) Instruction in the proper use of safety equipment which the 
employee may be required to use.
    (iii) Information on the location of protective-breathing 
equipment, H2S detectors and alarms, ventilation equipment, 
briefing areas, warning systems, evacuation procedures, and the 
direction of the prevailing winds.
    (iv) Restrictions and corrective measures concerning beards, 
spectacles, and contact lenses in conformance with ANSI's Practices for 
Respiratory Protection (ANSI Z88.2).
    (v) Instruction in basic first-aid procedures applicable to victims 
of H2S exposure. During all drills and training sessions, the 
lessee shall address procedures for rescue and first aid for H2S 
victims. Lessee shall have readily [[Page 25183]] available on each 
facility, and instruct personnel as to the location and use of, the 
following equipment:
    (A) A first-aid kit of appropriate size and content for the number 
of personnel on the facility;
    (B) At least three resuscitators complete with face masks, oxygen 
bottles, and spare oxygen bottles; and
    (C) At least one litter or an equivalent device.
    (vi) Information on the meaning of all warning signals.
    (3) Drills. Conduct a drill for each person at the facility within 
24 hours after duty begins and at least once during every subsequent 7-
day period. At least monthly, a discussion of drill performance, new 
H2S considerations at the facility, and other updated H2S 
information shall be topics at facility safety meetings. Keep records 
of attendance for drilling, well-completion, and well-workover 
operations at the facility until operations are completed. Keep records 
of attendance for production operations at the facility or at the 
nearest field office for 1 year.
    (4) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (A) Each sign shall be a high-visibility yellow color with black 
lettering of a minimum of 12 inches in height reading as follows:

DANGER

POISONOUS GAS

HYDROGEN SULFIDE

and in lettering of a minimum of 7 inches in height:

DO NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING

    Existing signs containing the words ``Danger-Hydrogen Sulfide-
H2S'' are acceptable provided the words ``POISONOUS GAS'' and ``DO 
NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING'' in lettering of a minimum of 7 
inches in height are displayed on a sign immediately adjacent to the 
existing sign.
* * * * *
    (D) When the atmospheric concentration of H2S reaches 20 ppm, 
display signs and flags and activate visual and audible alarms.
    (E) Display warning signs required under paragraph (h)(4)(ii)(A) of 
this section at all times on facilities with wells capable of producing 
H2S and on facilities which process gas containing H2S.
* * * * *
    (5) Audible warning system. Install a public address system and a 
siren, horn, or other similar warning devices with a unique sound used 
only for H2S warnings. The warning devices (audible and visual) 
shall be suitable for the electrical classification of the area and 
shall be activated by the H2S-detection system when the 
concentration of H2S in the atmosphere reaches 20 ppm. When the 
warning devices are activated, the designated responsible persons shall 
inform personnel of the level of danger and issue instructions on the 
initiation of appropriate protective measures.
    (6) H2S-detection and H2S-monitoring equipment. (1) Each 
facility shall have an H2S-detection system that activates audible 
and visual alarms when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere 
reaches 20 ppm. The detection systems shall be capable of sensing a 
minimum of 10 ppm of H2S in the atmosphere. For drilling, well-
completion, and well-workover operations, sensors shall be located at 
the bell nipple, mud-return line receiver tank (possum belly), pipe-
trip tank, shale shaker, well-control fluid pit area, driller's 
station, living quarters, and all other areas where H2S may 
accumulate. H2S-detection systems that measure hydrogen-ion (pH) 
and hydrosulfide-ion (HS) and sulfide-ion (S=) concentrations in 
the mud and calculate and display the theoretical concentration of 
H2S that could exist in the air above the mud may be used in 
water-based muds to supplement the required in-the-air sensors. The 
District Supervisor may require such a mud sensor to be utilized in the 
mud-return line receiver tank (possum belly) in cases where the ambient 
air sensors in the mud-return system do not consistently and accurately 
detect the presence of H2S.
    (ii) On production facilities, locate H2S detection sensors as 
follows:
    (A) At least one sensor per 400 square feet of deck area or 
fractional part thereof, in rooms, buildings, or deck areas where 
atmospheric concentrations of H2S could reach 20 ppm or more.
    (B) In buildings where personnel regularly or occasionally sleep 
and on a platform where gas containing H2S of 20 ppm or greater is 
produced, processed, or otherwise handled.
    (C) Within 10 feet of all vessels, compressors, wellheads, 
manifolds, and pumps that could release H2S in volumes and 
concentrations sufficient to result in atmospheric concentrations of 20 
ppm of H2S at a distance of 10 feet. These sensor locations shall 
be depicted in the ``H2S Detector Location Drawing'' required by 
paragraph (h)(1)(x) of this section. One sensor may be utilized to 
detect H2S around multiple pieces of equipment, provided the 
sensor is located no more than 10 feet from each piece. Monitor 
compressors exceeding 50 horse power with at least two sensors. Wells 
shut in at the master valve and sealed closed are exempt. Consider the 
location of piping system fittings, flanges, valves, and other devices 
subject to leaks to the atmosphere in determining the placement of 
sensors. Also consider design factors, such as the type of decking and 
the location of fire walls, in the placement of sensors.
    (iii)(A) Functionally test the H2S-detection and H2S-
monitoring equipment with a known concentration in the range of 10 to 
30 ppm of H2S at least once every 24 hours when conducting 
drilling, drill stem testing, well-completion, and/or well-workover 
operations in wells in areas classified as zones where the presence of 
H2S is unknown or known. When drilling, begin functional testing 
before the bit is 1,500 feet (vertically) above a potential H2S 
zone.
    (B) Functionally test the H2S detectors and monitors for 
production operations with a known concentration in the range of 10 to 
30 ppm of H2S at a frequency such that no more than 14 days shall 
elapse between functional tests.
    (C) If the results of any functional test are not within 2 ppm or 
10 percent, whichever is greater, of the applied concentration, 
recalibrate the instrument. The functional tests and calibrations shall 
be conducted by personnel trained to calibrate the particular H2S-
detector and H2S-monitoring equipment being used. Maintain records 
of testing and calibration results at the facility to show the present 
status and history of each device, including dates and details of 
installation, removal, inspection, testing, repairing, adjustments, and 
reinstallation. Record dates of testing and calibrations in the 
drilling or production operations report, as applicable. Records shall 
be available for inspection by MMS personnel. When equipment requires 
recalibration as a result of two consecutive functional tests, the 
District Supervisor may require the H2S-detection and H2S-
monitoring equipment to be functionally tested and calibrated more 
frequently.
    (iv) Portable H2S-detection devices capable of detecting a 10-
ppm concentration of H2S in the air shall be available for use by 
all personnel.
    (v) Lessee shall equip attendant vessels that are stationed 
overnight alongside facilities where the presence of H2S is known 
or unknown with an H2S-detection system that activates audible and 
visual alarms when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere 
reaches 20 ppm. The detection system shall be capable of sensing a 
minimum 10 ppm of H2S in the atmosphere with at least one sensing 
point in the crew [[Page 25184]] quarters. This requirement is not 
applicable to attendant vessels that, in accordance with the 
positioning procedure described in the approved H2S Contingency 
Plan required by paragraph (h)(1)(vi) of this section, are positioned 
upwind and at a safe distance from the facility.
    (vi) The District Supervisor may require the lessee to equip nearby 
facilities with portable or fixed H2S detector(s). These detectors 
shall be tested and calibrated in accordance with paragraph (h)(6)(iii) 
of this section.
    (7) SO2-detection and SO2-monitoring equipment. If gas 
containing H2S is accidentally or intentionally burned, the 
operator shall monitor the SO2 concentration in the air with 
portable or strategically placed fixed devices capable of detecting a 
minimum of 2 ppm of SO2. Reading shall be taken at least hourly 
and at any time personnel detect SO2 odor or nasal irritation. The 
District Supervisory may waive the monitoring requirements of this 
paragraph provided sufficient engineering controls, such as ventilation 
systems and multiple flare booms or elevated flare booms, are utilized 
to effectively minimize or eliminate the hazards associated with 
SO2. If the SO2 concentration in the work areas reaches 2 
ppm, the personnel protective measures specified in the H2S 
Contingency Plan shall be implemented. If fixed or portable electronic 
sensing devices are used, these devices shall be calibrated every 3 
months. If length of stain gas detector tub type detectors are sued, 
the sensing date shall not exceed the expiration dates for the tubes 
used.
    (8) * * *
    (i) Personnel, including contractors and visitors on a facility 
operating in a zone known to contain H2S or a zone where the 
presence of H2S of unknown, shall have immediate access to self-
contained pressure-demand-type respirators with hoseline capability and 
a nominal breathing time of at least 15 minutes, The design, selection, 
use, and maintenance of these respirators shall conform to ANSI Z88.2, 
Practices for Respiratory Protection. At least two voice-transmission 
devices, which can be used while wearing a respirator, shall be 
available for use by designated key personnel. Spectacle kits shall be 
made available as needed.
* * * * *
    (v) Helicopter flights to and from facilities during H2S 
alerts shall be limited to the conditions specified in the H2S 
Contingency Plan. During authorized flights, pressure-demand-type 
respirators shall be utilized as required by the plan. All members of 
flight crews shall be trained in the use of the particular type(s) of 
respirator equipment made available.
* * * * *
    (9) * * *
    (v) At least three resuscitators.
* * * * *
    (11) Notification of regulatory agencies. The lessee shall notify 
MMS without delay in the event of a gas release which results in a 15-
minute time weighted average (TWA) atmospheric concentration of 
H2S anywhere on the facility of 20 ppm or more.
    10. In Sec. 250.67(i), revise the title of paragraph (i) and revise 
paragraphs (i)(1), (i)(2), and (i)(3)(i) to read as follows:


Sec. 250.67  Hydrogen sulfide.

* * * * *
    (i) Drilling, completion, and workover fluids program when 
operating in a zone known to contain H2S or a zone where the 
presence of H2S is unknown.--(1) Well-control fluid base. Lessee 
may use either water- or oil-base muds in accordance with 
Sec. 250.40(b)(1).
    (2) Well-control fluid testing. If water-base, well-control fluids 
are used, and if H2S is detected by ambient air sensors, either 
the Garrett-Gas-Train test or a comparable test for soluble sulfides 
shall be conducted immediately to confirm the presence of H2S. If 
the concentration detected by air sensors is in excess of 20 ppm, 
personnel conducting the test shall don protective-breathing equipment 
conforming to paragraph (h)(8)(i) of this section.
    (3) * * *
    (i) Scavengers. Scavengers for control of H2S shall be 
available on the facility. When H2S is detected, scavengers shall 
be added as needed. Drilling shall be suspended until the scavenger is 
circulated throughout the system.
 * * * * *
    11. In Sec. 250.67(k), revise paragraph (k)(3) to read as follows:


Sec. 250.67  Hydrogen sulfide.

 * * * * *
    (k) * * *
    (3) All produced gases shall be burned through a flare which meets 
the requirements of paragraph (m)(7) of this section. Prior to flaring 
gas containing H2S, the lessee shall activate SO2 monitoring 
equipment in accordance with paragraph (h)(7) of this section. If 
SO2 in excess of 2 ppm is detected, the lessee shall implement the 
personnel protective measures required by the H2S Contingency Plan 
specifications of paragraph (h)(1)(xi)(D) of this section. The flaring 
of well test gas is also subject to the requirement of Sec. 250.175. 
Gases from stored test fluids shall be piped into the flare outlet and 
burned.
 * * * * *
    12. In Sec. 250.67(1), revise paragraphs (l)(1) and (l) (2) and the 
title and text of paragraph (l)(6) to read as follows:


Sec. 250.67  Hydrogen sulfide.

 * * * * *
    (l) Metallurgical properties of equipment for use in a zone known 
to contain H2S--(1) General provisions. Equipment used in H2S 
environments shall be constructed of materials with metallurgical 
properties that resist or prevent sulfide stress cracking (also known 
as hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, or H2S 
embrittlement) chloride-stress cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, and 
other failure modes.
    (2) Tubulars and other equipment. Tubulars and other equipment, 
casing, tubing, drill pipe, couplings, flanges, and related equipment 
shall be designed for H2S service.
 * * * * *
    (6) Welding. The lessee shall keep the use of welding to a minimum 
during the installation or modification of a production facility. 
Welding shall be done in a manner that ensures resistance to sulfide 
stress cracking.
 * * * * *
    13. In Sec. 250.67(m), revise paragraphs (m) (1), (4), and (13) to 
read as follows:


Sec. 250.67  Hydrogen sulfide.

 * * * * *
     (m) * * *
    (1) Additional precautions after penetration of an H2S-bearing 
zone. In addition to the monitoring requirements in paragraph (h)(6)(i) 
of this section, continuously observe the H2S levels indicated by 
the monitors in the work areas during the following operations:
* * * * *
    (4) Stripping operations. Personnel shall monitor displaced well-
control fluid returns and wear protective-breathing equipment in the 
working area when the atmospheric concentration of the H2S reaches 
20 ppm or if the well is under pressure.
* * * * *
    (13) Water disposal. For produced water disposed of by means other 
than subsurface injection, the lessee shall submit to the District 
Supervisor an analysis of the anticipated H2S content of the water 
at the final treatment vessel and at the discharge point. The District 
Supervisor may require that the water be treated for the removal of 
H2S. The District Supervisor may require the submittal of an 
updated analysis if the [[Page 25185]] water disposal rate or the 
potential H2S content increases.

* * * * *

    14. In Sec. 250.175, Flaring and venting of gas, add new paragraph 
(d) as follows:

Sec. 250.175  Flaring and venting of gas.

* * * * *

    (d) Requirements for flaring and venting of gas containing 
H2S--(1) Flaring of gas containing H2S. (i) The Regional 
Supervisor may, for safety and air pollution prevention purposes, 
further restrict the flaring of gas containing H2S. Information 
provided in the lessee's H2S Contingency Plan 
(Sec. 250.67(h)(1)(xi)), Exploration Plan, or Development and 
Production Plan, and associated documents will be used in determining 
the need for such restrictions.

    (ii) If the Regional Supervisor determines that flaring at a 
facility or group of facilities may significantly affect the air 
quality of an onshore area, the Regional Supervisor may require the 
operator(s) to conduct an air quality modeling analysis to determine 
the potential effect of facility emissions on onshore ambient 
concentrations of SO2. The Regional Supervisor may require 
monitoring and reporting or may restrict or prohibit flaring pursuant 
to Secs. 250.45 and 250.46.

    (2) Venting of gas containing H2S. The lessee shall not vent 
gas containing H2S except for minor releases during maintenance 
and repair activities that do not result in a 15-minute TWA atmospheric 
concentration of H2S of 20 ppm or higher anywhere on the platform.

    (3) Reporting of flared gas containing H2S. In addition to the 
recordkeeping requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, 
the operator shall submit to the Regional Supervisor a monthly report 
of flared and vented gas containing H2S. The report shall contain 
the following information:

    (i) On a daily basis, the volume and duration of each flaring 
episode.

    (ii) H2S concentration in the flared gas.

    (iii) Calculated amount of SO2 emitted.


[FR Doc. 95-11538 Filed 5-10-95; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4310-MR-M