[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 75 (Wednesday, April 19, 1995)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 19628-19632]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-9150]
[[Page 19627]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Department of Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
Federal Aviation Administration
_______________________________________________________________________
14 CFR Part 187
Fees for Certification Services and Approvals Performed Outside the
United States; Rule and Notices
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 75 / Wednesday, April 19, 1995 /
Rules and Regulations
[[Page 19628]]
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 187
[Docket No. 27809; Amendment No. 187-5]
RIN 2120-AE72
Fees for Certification Services and Approvals Performed Outside
the United States
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This rulemaking: Updates existing fees for airman and repair
station certification services to reflect current cost levels for such
services performed outside the United States (U.S.); Establishes a
schedule of fees where no fee currently exists for all tests,
authorizations, certificates, permits, or ratings relating to any
airman certification or repair station certification performed outside
the U.S.; Establishes the methodology for computing user fees and a
timetable for periodic updates of fees; and Establishes additional
methods of collecting those fees.
This regulation is necessary to allow the FAA to fully recover the
costs it incurs in performing airman certification and repair station
certification services outside the U.S. and to bring current airman
fees charges in line with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT) and other international treaties.
The intended effect of this action is to offset the costs of
providing airman and repair station certification services outside the
U.S. Recovering these costs will allow the FAA to continue to provide
airman and repair station certification services outside the U.S.,
thereby facilitating the FAA's effort to assure ready acceptance of
U.S. aeronautical exports overseas.
EFFECTIVE DATE: May 19, 1995.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Emily A. White, Flight Standards Service, AFS-50, Federal Aviation
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591,
telephone (202) 267-3301.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Statement of the Problem
The fee schedule that appears in 14 CFR part 187, Appendix A, was
established by rulemaking and became effective on October 18, 1982. It
contains fees for certain certification services performed outside of
the U.S. by the FAA. However, it does not contain fees for the full
scope of activities for which fees may be charged under current
statutory authority. Rather, the fee schedule lists only fees for
services that were being rendered outside the United States at the time
of that rulemaking. The fee schedule has not been updated since 1982,
although the FAA's costs for performing these services has escalated
since adoption of the present rule in 1982. The FAA incurs special
costs to operate overseas that increase the costs for providing
services outside the U.S. These additional costs include cost-of-living
allowances as well as allowances for housing and education. Due to
these costs, employing an inspector outside the U.S. is approximately
$85.4 thousand more costly than employing the same inspector within the
U.S.
It is currently necessary to update part 187, including Appendix A,
to reflect the services for which fees will be charged and to reflect
the methodology for computing current and future fees. The fees for the
services described in Appendix A are published in the ``Notices''
section of the Federal Register. The current fees are published in the
``Notices'' section of the Federal Register whenever a fee is revised.
Changes to these fees will be published in the ``Notices'' section.
The changes set out in this rule make the FAA's fees practice more
nearly consistent with the principles of nondiscrimination and most-
favored-nation treatment that are at the core of the international
trade regime set up by the GATT, and which includes the Aircraft Code
and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Under these core
trade principles, governments should not treat foreign nationals
differently in the measures that they take that affect international
trade. Airman certifications are not governed by any trade agreement to
which the U.S. is a party, but the FAA has determined that bringing its
fee practices into line with international trade practices is
desirable, if not required by any special obligation of the U.S. The
FAA measures with regard to certification of foreign repair stations,
however, including fees charged, will be subject to U.S. obligations
under the GATS, which entered into force January 1, 1995. Applying
multilateral trade principles to trade in service for the first time,
the GATS covers measures affecting aircraft repair and maintenance
services. This regulation is consistent with U.S. obligations under the
GATS.
History
Statutory Authority
Under 49 U.S.C. 44701, formerly, Title VI of the Federal Aviation
Act of 1958, as amended (the Act), gives the Administrator authority to
issue certificates for airman, instructors, schools, and repair
stations.
In addition, under Title V of the Independent Offices Appropriation
Act of 1952 (31 U.S.C. 9701), the FAA has been charged with
establishing a fair and equitable system for recovering full costs
expended for any service, such as the issuance of the certificates,
that provide a special benefit to an individual beyond those that
accrue to the general public. Section 403a of that Act provides, in
part, as follows:
It is the sense of the Congress that any work service,
publication, report, document, benefit, privilege, authority, use,
franchise, license, permit, certificate, registration, or similar
thing of value or utility performed, furnished, provided, granted,
prepared or issued by any Federal Agency * * * to or for any person
(including groups, associations, organizations, partnerships,
corporations, or businesses), except those engaged in the
transaction of official business of the Government, shall be self-
sustaining to the fullest extent possible * * *.
Section 403a further provides, in part:
The head of each Federal agency is authorized by regulation
(which, in the case of agencies in the Executive Branch, shall be as
uniform as practicable and subject to such policies as the President
may prescribe) to prescribe therefore such fee, charge, or price, if
any, as he shall determine, in case none exists, or redetermine, in
case of any existing one, to be fair and equitable taking into
consideration direct and indirect cost to the Government, value to
the recipient, public policy or interest served, and other pertinent
facts * * *.
In 1980, Congress passed the International Air Transportation
Competition Act of 1979 (hereinafter ``IATC Act'') giving the FAA
authority to establish fee schedules for airman and repair station
certification services provided outside the U.S. Section 28 of the IATC
Act amended Section 45 of the Airline Deregulation Act to read as
follows:
Nothing in this section shall prohibit the Secretary of
Transportation or the Administrator from collecting a fee, charge,
or price for any test, authorization, certificate, permit, or
rating, administered or issued outside the United States, relating
to any airman or repair station. (49 U.S.C. 334, second sentence).
Since the notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) was published (59 FR
33832, June 30, 1994), the Congress passed the Federal Aviation
Administration Authorization Act of [[Page 19629]] 1994 (hereinafter
``FAA Authorization Act of 1994''), P.L. 103-305 (108 Stat. 1569),
which was signed into law on August 23, 1994. Section 209 of the FAA
Authorization Act of 1994, amended Section 45301 of Title 49 to, among
other items, specifically require the FAA to establish and collect fees
for foreign repair station certification and inspection actions outside
the U.S. at such levels to fully recover the costs of providing such
services. Section 209 reads in part:
(2) Foreign Repair Station Certification and Inspection Fees--The
Administrator must establish and collect under this subsection fees for
certification and inspection of repair stations outside of the United
States.
(3) Level of Fees--Fees shall be established under this subsection
as necessary * * * except that the Administrator may for such services
as the Administrator designates (and shall for certification and
inspection of repair stations outside the United States) establish fees
at a level necessary to recover the full cost of providing such
services.
The amounts collected shall be paid to the Federal Government.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Guidelines
To aid in establishing fee schedules, OMB has prescribed in
Circular No. A-25 the general guidelines to be used in developing an
equitable and reasonable uniform system of charges for certain
government services and property. The circular provides that ``where a
service (or privilege) provides special benefits to an identifiable
recipient above and beyond those that accrue to the public at large, a
charge should be imposed to receive the full cost to the Federal
Government of rendering that service.'' Circular No. A-25 specifies the
following:
A special benefit will be considered to accrue and a charge should
be imposed when a Government-rendered service:
(a) Enables the beneficiary to obtain more immediate or substantial
gains or values (which may or may not be measurable in monetary terms)
than those which accrue to the general public (for example, receiving a
patent, crop insurance, or license to carry on a specific business), or
(b) Provides business stability or assures public confidence in the
business activity of the beneficiary (for example, certificates of
necessity and convenience [sic: convenience and necessity] for airline
routes, or safety inspections of craft); or
(c) Is performed at the request of the recipient and is above and
beyond the services regularly received by other members of the same
industry or group, or of the general public (for example, receiving
passport visa, airman's certificate, or an inspection after regular
duty hours).
In support of the President's guidance in Circular No. A-25, this
final rule enables the FAA to fully recover its costs for repair
station and airman certification services performed outside the U.S.
This rule is also consistent with the guidance in Circular A-25
regarding the use of excise taxes because once the new fees are
implemented, appropriated funds will not be used to support these
services.
Related Activity
If adopted, the proposed new part 142, Aircraft Flight Simulator
Use in Pilot Training, Testing, and Checking and at Training Centers
(Notice No. 92-10), and Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 58,
Advanced Qualification Program, will provide for certification of
training centers outside the U.S. The certification provisions relating
to these training centers will be contained in the proposed new part
142. The fees for the certification of training centers and for airman
certification will be contained in a new FAA advisory circular
discussed elsewhere in this document.
The FAA Authorization Act of 1994, cited above, broadened the FAA's
Statutory authority to charge for services outside the U.S. Prior to
the enactment of this legislation, FAA authority to charge fees for
services performed outside the U.S. was limited to repair station and
airman certification actions.
Under this legislation, authority to charge fees for services
performed outside the U.S. is extended to: ``any test, authorization,
certificate, permit, rating, evaluation, approval, inspection,
review,'' (49 U.S.C. 45301 (2)(c)). New fees authorized under this
expanded authority will be proposed in future rulemaking action.
Discussion of Comments Received
The FAA mailed over 600 advance copies of Notice No. 94-24, Fees
for Certification Services and Approvals Performed Outside the United
States, to the Civil Aviation Authorities of member countries of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), FAA certificated
foreign repair station operators, and interested Aviation Rulemaking
Advisory Committee (ARAC) members. The ARAC is a formal standing
committee, comprised of representatives from aviation associations and
industry. ARAC provides industry input in the form of information,
advice, and recommendations to be considered in the full range of FAA
rulemaking activities.
Two commenters responded to the NPRM: Air Line Pilots Association
(ALPA) and General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA). All
comments received were carefully considered.
The ALPA is concerned that raising fees to reflect current costs
for providing services will make FAA airman certification actions too
expensive for potential applicants.
The FAA noted in Notice 94-24 that, in the past, most U.S. citizens
outside the U.S. have sought airman certification services from
designees, who charge market rates for such services, rather than
seeking free airman certification services from the FAA. Even so, under
the new schedule, FAA charges for airman certification services will be
comparable to, or less than, those charged by designees. For example, a
written test given by an FAA Aviation Safety Inspector will now be $40,
whereas the same test given at an FAA approved test center ranges from
$60 to $150 depending upon the location. Accordingly, the fees adopted
by this rulemaking are not excessive or too expensive for potential
applicants.
Also regarding testing, GAMA questioned if FAA was, in effect,
receiving more than full cost recovery where multiple applicants would
be simultaneously taking tests.
The proposed time of 0.5 hours, or one-half hour, as the base time
for computation of fees for all written tests is based on the time that
an FAA Aviation Safety Inspector must spend on each individual
applicant in checking qualifications to take specific tests, review of
the completed test package, and other individual instruction that might
be necessary. This 0.5 hour number does not include the actual test
monitoring time, which averages two hours per written test under FAA
regulations, where multiple applicants might be involved. FAA
specifically sought to avoid the potential of multiple charges by not
proposing charges for test monitoring time.
GAMA had several concerns regarding the charging for repair station
certification actions that can be addressed by an elaboration on
exactly how the U.S. Government may charge for its services.
Under the U.S. Government guidelines and proposed rules, the FAA
may charge only for the actual service provided and may not make a
profit from its services. Consequently, if no [[Page 19630]] government
time or resources are expended on a particular service, then the FAA
cannot charge for that service. There are oversight offices both within
and outside of U.S. Government Agencies to assure agency compliance
with applicable laws and regulations.
GAMA recommends the use of bilateral-type agreements with foreign
governments to accomplish the FAA's foreign repair station workload,
rather than using FAA inspectors on a cost recovery basis.
The FAA has been considering bilateral-type maintenance agreements
with foreign countries for some time. The FAA expects that at the
appropriate time, maintenance-type bilateral agreements will be
concluded. This will not only be a cost savings to the end user but to
the FAA as well.
GAMA questioned whether an hourly charge for inspector services,
such as for repair station certification actions, would encourage an
inspector to artificially extend the time required for certification in
order to generate more income for the office or as a punitive action
against the applicant or certificate holder.
It should be pointed out that hourly billing for these services has
been in place for over twelve years with no complaints from repair
station certificate holders. Not has any question regarding billing
practices ever arisen during the course of regular FAA financial
management reviews. Fee collection practices are also subject to other
audits by the U.S. Department of Transportation Inspector General, the
General Accounting Office, and other oversight offices. Cost allocation
studies have shown that the charging of an hourly rate for services
that can vary widely in time per facility due to facility size,
complexity, and, potential problems uncovered is a very fair and
nondiscriminatory way of charging for these services.
GAMA is also concerned that transportation and subsistence not be
charged for actions that are performed in the office. Approximately 95
percent of repair station certification actions are performed on site
at the facility. For repair station certification actions, that may be
handled without a site visit, no transportation and subsistence expense
will be incurred that could be charged to the certificate holder.
Finally, GAMA states that since fees collected do not directly
affect the FAA budget, the collection of these fees still might not
assure the service is available when and where needed.
This statement is incorrect. Since 1991, the fees collected by FAA
safety inspectors for repair station and airman certification actions
outside the U.S. has been credited back to the budget of the safety
office that performed the certification action as reimbursement for
expenses. This procedure helps to ensure that sufficient funds remain
available for necessary certification services.
Editorial and Administrative Changes
In Notice No. 94-24, the FAA proposed that certain administrative
changes be made to facilitate review and adjustment of fees as
necessary to reflect changes in fees for services performed. The FAA
has removed the fees from the chart contained in appendix A of part 187
and replaced it with the methodology for determining fees and a yearly
timetable for review. The actual fees derived from this methodology
will be contained in Advisory Circular 187-1. Future notice of changes
to fees for services will be published in the ``Notices'' section of
the Federal Register.
Although the FAA proposed no change to proposed redesignated
Sec. 187.15(a), editorial changes are necessary to reflect the revised
chart which now describes the fees for services.
All other proposals are adopted as proposed.
Paperwork Reduction Act
There are no reporting or recordkeeping requirements associated
with this rule.
Regulatory Evaluation Summary
Executive Order 12866 established the requirement that, within the
extent permitted by law, a Federal regulatory action may be undertaken
only if the potential benefits to society for the regulation outweigh
the potential costs to society. In response to this requirement, and in
accordance with Department of Transportation policies and procedures,
the FAA has estimated the anticipated benefits and costs of this
rulemaking action. The FAA has determined that this amended rule is not
a ``significant rulemaking action,'' as defined by Executive Order
12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review). The results are summarized in
this section.
This rule will not impose any additional costs on any members of
society other than those requesting FAA certification services outside
the United States. The rule will reimburse the FAA for the cost of
services currently being provided to the users. Thus, the
beneficiaries, rather than the general taxpayers, will pay for the
services provided by the FAA. The new and amended fees are considered
equitable and reflect the cost of providing these services. The
benefits of this rule will therefore be the elimination of the need for
general federal revenues by the FAA to cover the costs of these
services provided by the FAA.
Regulatory Flexibility Determination
The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (RFA) was enacted by
Congress to ensure that small entities are not unnecessarily burdened
by government regulations. The RFA requires agencies to consider the
impact of rules on small entities, that is, small businesses, nonprofit
organizations, and local governments. If there is a significant impact
on a substantial numer of small entities, the Agency must prepare a
draft Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (RFA) for the final rule.
The amended rule will primarily affect general aviation pilots and
foreign repair stations. The RFA applies neither to individuals nor
foreign entities. Therefore, a RFA is not required.
International Trade Impact
This rule will affect primarily general aviation pilots and foreign
repair stations. The rule will have a favorable competitive impact on
U.S. repair stations by removing the subsidy that the FAA has provided
to foreign repair stations in the form of lower charges for
certification services. The rule will enhance the competitiveness of
domestic firms.
Federalism Implications
The regulations hereing will not have substantial direct
implications on the states, on the relationship between the national
government and the states, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government. Therefore, in
accordance with Executive Order 12612, it is determined that this
regulation will not have sufficient federalism implications to warrant
the preparataion of a Federalism Assessment.
Conclusion
For the reasons discussed in the preamble, and based on the
findings in the Regulatory Flexibility Determination and the
International Trade Impact Analysis, the FAA has determined that this
regulation is not significant under Executive Order 12866. In addition,
the FAA certifies that this regulation will not have a significant
economic impact, positive or negative, on a substantial number of small
entities under the criteria of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. This
regulation is considered nonsignificant under DOT Order 2100.5,
Policies and Procedures for [[Page 19631]] Simplification, Analysis,
and Review of Regulations. A final regulatory evaluation of the
regulation, including a Regulatory Flexibility Determination and
International Trade Impact Analysis, has been placed in the docket. A
copy may be obtained by contacting the person identified under FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 187
Administrative practice and procedure, Air transportation.
The Amendment
In consideration of the foregoing, the Federal Aviation
Administration amends chapter I of title 14 of the Code of Federal
Regulations as follows:
PART 187--FEES
1. The authority citation for part 187 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: Sec. 501, 65 Stat. 290; 31 U.S.C. 483a; secs. 301,
302, 303, 305, 307, 313, 314; 72 Stat. 744, 747, 749, 752, 754; 49
U.S.C. 1341, 1343, 1344, 1346, 1348, 1354, 1355.
Section 187.15 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 187.15 Payment of fees.
(a) The fees described in Appendix A of this part and published in
the ``Notices'' section of the Federal Register are payable to the
Federal Aviation Administration by check, money order, or draft payable
in U.S. currency and drawn on a U.S. bank.
(b) The fees described in Appendix A of this part and published in
the ``Notices'' section of the Federal Register may be paid by wire
transfer.
(c) Applicants for the FAA services described in Appendix A of this
part shall pay bank processing charges, when such charges are assessed
by banks on U.S. Government deposits.
3. Appendix A to part 187 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 187--Methodology for Computation of Fees for
Certification Services Performed Outside the United States
(a) Fixed fees and hourly rates have been derived using the
methodology described below to ensure full cost recovery for
certification actions or approvals provided by the FAA for persons
outside the United States.
(b) These rates are based on aviation safety inspector time
rather than calculating a separate rate for managerial or clerical
time because the inspector is the individual performing the actual
service. Charging for inspector time, while building in all costs
into the rate base, provides for efficient cost recovery and time
management.
(c) The hourly billing rate has been determined by using the
annual operations budget of the Flight Standards Service. The budget
is comprised of the following:
(1) Personnel compensation and benefits, budget code series 1100
(excluding codes 1151 and 1152--overtime, Sunday and holiday pay),
1200, and 1300.
(2) Travel and transportation of persons, budget code series
2100 (excluding code 2100--site visit travel).
(3) Transportation of things, budget code series 2200.
(4) Rental, communications, utilities, budget code series 2300.
(5) Printing and reproduction, budget code series 2400.
(6) Contractual services, budget code series 2500.
(7) Supplies and materials, budget code series 2600.
(8) Equipment, budget code series 3100.
(9) Lands and structures, budget code series 3200.
(10) Insurance claims and indemnities, budget code series 4200.
(d) In order to recover overhead costs attributable to the
budget, all costs other than direct inspector transportation and
subsistence, overtime, and Sunday/holiday costs, are assigned to the
number of inspector positions. An hourly cost per inspector is
developed by dividing the annual Flight Standards Operations Budget,
excluding the items enumerated above, by the number of aviation
safety inspections (OMB position series 1825) on board at the
beginning of the fiscal year, to determine the annual cost of an
aviation safety inspector. This annual cost of an aviation safety
inspector is divided by 2,087 hours, which is the annual paid hours
of a U.S. Federal Government employee. This result in the hourly
government paid cost of an aviation safety inspector.
(e) To ensure that the hourly inspector cost represents a
billing rate that ensures full recovery of costs, the hourly cost
per inspector must be multiplied by an indirect work factor to
determine the hourly inspector billing rate. This is necessary for
the following reasons:
(1) Inspectors spend a significant amount of time in indirect
work to support their inspection activities, much of which cannot be
allocated to any one client.
(2) Not all 2,087 annual paid hours are available as work hours
because training, providing technical assistance, leave, and other
indirect work activities reduce the work time that may be directly
billed. Consequently, the hourly cost per inspector must be adjusted
upwards by an indirect work factor. The calculation of an indirect
work factor is discussed in paragraph (f) of this appendix.
(f)(1) The indirect work factor is determined using the
following formula:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TR19AP95.000
where:
a=indirect work rate, and
b=leave usage (total leave hours divided by total hours available for
work.
(2) The components of the formula are derived as follows:
(i) a=indirect work rate. Indirect work rate is take from the
Flight Standards Staffing Standard Order and is used to project the
amount of time an aviation safety inspector spends in indirect
activities, as opposed to certification and surveillance work. The
indirect work activities are:
(A) Development of master minimum equipment lists on Flight
Operations Evaluation Board.
(B) Development of aircraft training documents on Flight
Standardization Board.
(C) Development of Maintenance program documents on Maintenance
Review Board.
(D) Providing technical assistance.
(E) Assisting legal counsel.
(F) Evaluation of technical documents.
(G) Leave (all types).
(H) Training.
(I) Administrative time.
(J) Travel for indirect work.
(ii) b=leave usage (total leave hours divided by total hours
available for work). This is computed by using OMB guidelines of 280
average annual leave hours and 1,800 average annual hours available for
work for computer manpower requirements.
(g) The hourly inspector cost, when multiplied by the indirect work
factor, yields the hourly inspector billing rate and ensures full cost
recovery by incorporating the total amount of FAA paid hours needed to
produce one hour of direct billable inspector time.
(h) Certifications and approvals for which there are fixed times,
such as airman tests, are determined by multiplying the time used in
the Flight Standards Staffing Standard or airman test guidelines by the
inspector hourly billing rate.
(i) Certifications and approvals for which there are no fixed work
rates, [[Page 19632]] such as airman and repair station facilities (air
agencies), are billed at the hourly inspector billing rate.
(j) Actual transportation and subsistence expenses incurred in
certification or approval actions will be billed in addition to the
hourly inspector billing rate, where such expenses are incurred.
(k) In no event will the fees exceed the actual costs of providing
certification or approval services.
(l) The methodology for computing user fees is published in this
Appendix. The User fee schedule is published in an FAA Advisory
Circular entitled ``Flight Standards Service Schedule of Charges
Outside the United States.'' A copy of this publication may be obtained
from: New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
(m) Fees will be reviewed every year, at the beginning of the
fiscal year, and adjusted either upward or downward in order to reflect
the current costs of performing tests, authorizations, certifications,
permits, or ratings.
(n) Notice of each change to a fee for a service described in the
user fee schedule will be published in the ``Notices'' section of the
Federal Register.
Issued in Washington, D.C. on April 10, 1995.
David R. Hinson,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 95-9150 Filed 4-18-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M