[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 35 (Wednesday, February 22, 1995)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 9990-10004]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-4312]




[[Page 9989]]

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Part V





Department of Agriculture





_______________________________________________________________________



Agricultural Marketing Service



_______________________________________________________________________



7 CFR Part 51



Grade Standards: Florida Grapefruit, Oranges, Tangelos, and Tangerines; 
Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 35 / Wednesday, February 22, 1995 / 
Proposed Rules  
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[[Page 9990]] 


DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR PART 51

[Docket Number FV-93-301]


Florida Grapefruit, Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and, Florida 
Tangerines; Grade Standards

Agency: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule would revise the United States Standards for Grades 
of Florida Grapefruit, United States Standards for Grades of Florida 
Oranges and Tangelos, and, United States Standards for Grades of 
Florida Tangerines. The recommended revisions would: Redefine terms to 
more clearly reflect current cultural and marketing practices; add and 
revise the grades so as to make them uniform and consistent with each 
other and other recently revised U.S. grade standards; revise the 
existing tolerances and the application of tolerances from allowing 
specific numbers of defective fruit to percentages of defective fruit; 
revise the size sections to give industry greater flexibility in 
marketing and packaging new varieties of fruit; and, delete references 
to a visual aid which is no longer available. The Agricultural 
Marketing Service (AMS), in cooperation with industry, and other 
interested parties develops and improves standards of quality, 
condition, quantity, grade and packaging in order to facilitate 
commerce by providing buyers, sellers, and quality assurance personnel 
uniform language and criteria for describing various levels of quality 
and condition as valued in the marketplace.

DATES: Comments must be postmarked or courier dated on or before April 
24, 1995.

ADDRESSES: Interested parties are invited to submit written comments 
concerning this proposal. Comments must be sent to the Standardization 
Section, Fresh Products Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Division, 
Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. 
Box 96456, Room 2056 South Building, Washington, DC 20090-6456. 
Comments should make reference to the date and page number of this 
issue of the Federal Register and will be made available for public 
inspection in the above office during regular business hours.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Frank O'Sullivan, at the above address 
or call (202) 720-2185.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The U.S. Department of Agriculture is 
issuing this proposed rule in conformance with Executive Order 12866.
    Pursuant to the requirements set forth in the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et. seq.), the Administrator of the 
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has determined that this action 
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of 
small entities. This proposed rule for the revision of U.S. Standards 
for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida 
Oranges and Tangelos, and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida 
Tangerines will not impose substantial direct economic cost, 
recordkeeping, or personnel workload changes on small entities, and 
will not alter the market share or competitive position of these 
entities relative to large businesses. In addition, under the 
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, the use of these standards is 
voluntary.
    This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12778, 
Civil Justice Reform. This action is not intended to have retroactive 
effect. This proposed rule will not preempt any State or local laws, 
regulations, or policies, unless they present an irreconcilable 
conflict with this rule. There are no administrative procedures which 
must be exhausted prior to any judicial challenge to the provisions of 
the rule.
    Agencies periodically review existing regulations. An objective of 
the review is to ensure that the grade standards are serving their 
intended purpose, the language is clear, and the standards are 
consistent with AMS policy and authority.
    The United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, the 
United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and 
the United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines were last 
revised in December 1980. The Florida Citrus Packers (FCP), which 
represents the majority of citrus growers and packers in Florida, have 
requested that the standards be revised in order to bring them into 
conformity with current cultural, harvesting and marketing practices. 
The FCP contends that due to new improved varieties, that changes to 
the current standards are necessary.
    The main purpose of the proposal is set forth in order to bring the 
standards into conformity with current harvesting and marketing 
practices. In addition, the standards have been reviewed for need, 
clarity, and effectiveness as part of a periodic review. Accordingly, 
we propose to amend the regulations as discussed below.
    Presently, in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, 
U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and U.S. 
Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines, the U.S Fancy, U.S. No. 1, 
and U.S. No. 2 grades are required to be ``free from'' bruises, and the 
U.S. No. 3 grade is required to be ``free from very serious damage.'' 
``Free from'' being any amount of bruising would be scored against the 
U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades. However, it would have to 
be ``free from very serious damage'' to be scored against the U.S. No. 
3 grade. There currently is no definition of very serious damage by 
bruising in the standards, and this may create confusion in the 
marketplace. Therefore, it is proposed to delete ``free from'' bruises 
and add ``free from injury,'' ``free from damage,'' and, ``free from 
serious damage'' to the U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades, 
respectively (``free from very serious damage'' will remain as it is 
currently in the U.S. No. 3 grade). The terms will be defined in the 
``classification of defects'' section. The definitions for injury, 
damage, and serious damage by bruising are the same due to the severity 
of the defect, thereby, bruising will be scored as serious damage when 
``segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are 
ruptured,'' and scored as very serious damage when ``fruit is split 
open, peel is badly watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are 
ruptured causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 3/4 
inch at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when 
affecting more than one area on the fruit.''
    Currently, in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, 
and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, the U.S. 
Fancy, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 3 grades are required to be 
``free from cuts not healed.'' It is proposed to delete this 
requirement, and add the requirement ``free from unhealed skin breaks'' 
to the above grades. This will encompass all types of fresh skin breaks 
no matter what the cause, and will create uniformity among the three 
standards.
    It is proposed to delete the ``growth crack'' requirements from the 
U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 3 grades of Florida 
Grapefruit, and Florida Oranges and Tangelos. Any unhealed growth crack 
would be treated as an ``unhealed skin break,'' and any amount would be 
scored. Healed growth cracks would be considered as a ``scar'' and 
scored based on the scar definitions in the ``classification of 
defects'' section. [[Page 9991]] This will also create more uniformity 
among the three standards.
    The U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1 Golden, and, U.S. No. 2 Bright 
grades were added to the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida 
Tangerines in order to give industry more flexibility in the marketing 
of tangerines and to create uniformity (the other standards already 
have these grades included).
    All of the grades in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida 
Grapefruit, U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, 
and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines were put in the 
same order for the purposes of uniformity and ease of use. Also, grades 
which previously referenced ``Tables'' for the allowable number of 
defective fruit would be changed to percentages.
    Currently, in the U.S. No. 1 Bronze grades there is a requirement 
that ``all fruit must show some discoloration.'' In application, this 
means, that if one fruit did not have any discoloration on it at all, 
the whole load and/or lot would not meet a U.S. No. 1 Bronze grade. 
This requirement is too restrictive because one fruit with no 
discoloration puts a load and/or lot of citrus out of grade. Therefore, 
it is proposed that ``all fruit must show some discoloration'' be 
deleted from the requirements of U.S. No. 1 Bronze grades. However, at 
least 30 percent of the fruit shall have one-third of its surface 
affected by discoloration, predominately rust mite type, is still part 
of the requirements for a U.S. No. 1 Bronze grade.
    The definition of ``poorly colored'' was moved from the 
requirements of the U.S. No. 3 grade in the U.S. Standards for Grades 
of Florida Grapefruit, and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges 
and Tangelos to the ``definition'' section to create greater uniformity 
and consistency among the Florida citrus standards.
    The unclassified designations would be eliminated in each standard 
because it is not a grade and only serves to show that no grade has 
been applied to the lot. Since this designation is rarely used and may 
create some confusion in the marketplace, it should be discontinued.
    It is proposed that the tolerances for defects and discoloration be 
determined based on percentages rather than a specific number of 
defective fruit, in order to create greater ease of use within the 
marketplace. Currently, if applicants do not have a copy of the 
standards with the table specifying the number of fruit permitted in a 
load and/or lot, they will not know if a load and/or lot of citrus 
meets a specified grade. Therefore, these percentages will create a 
more common trading language, and greater uniformity due to the fact 
that most of our current standards are based on a percentage of defects 
rather than number of defective fruit permitted. Also, separate 
tolerances for shipping point and en route or at destination are 
included to allow for more defects of a progressive nature, consistent 
with perishability.
    The current standards contain tables specifying the total number of 
fruit permitted in individual samples. However, it is proposed that the 
tolerances be changed from specific number of defective fruit to 
percentages of defective fruit, thereby eliminating the existing 
tables. Therefore, it is proposed that an ``Application of Tolerances'' 
section be inserted in each of the regulations to provide percentage 
limitations of defective fruit in individual samples. This is done to 
create clarity and consistency among other U.S. standards.
    The FCP requested that the ``Size'' sections of the standards be 
revised to allow greater flexibility in the packing of numerous 
varieties of fruit in various types and sizes of containers. It is 
proposed that the ``size'' section be revised as follows: ``fruits 
shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in containers 
according to approved and recognized methods; fairly uniform in size 
means that not more than 9 percent of the grapefruit, 10 percent of the 
oranges, tangelos, or tangerines, per sample may vary more than one-
half inch in diameter; and, in order to allow for variations incident 
to proper sizing, not more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot 
may fail to meet the requirements of size.'' ``Approved and recognized 
methods'' means that the fruit size will be determined at shipping 
point using specific pack patterns in a standard 4/5 bushel container, 
and that containers shall be well filled. Well filled being when at 
least one-half of the top layer fruit is not more than one-half inch 
below the top or two inches above the top of the container. Each sample 
would be allowed three grapefruit or five oranges, tangelos, and 
tangerines to vary more than one-half inch in diameter within a sample 
and still meet fairly uniform in size, provided that the entire lot 
averages not more than ten percent. If the lot does not meet these 
requirements it would fail to meet the size requirements, however, it 
could still meet the grade requirements as these are separate.
    Definitions for ``well colored,'' ``fairly well colored,'' 
``slightly colored,'' ``reasonably well colored,'' and ``poorly 
colored'' would be revised to include ``color characteristic for the 
variety'' in order to allow more flexibility in marketing varieties of 
fruit with different colors.
    In the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, the 
definitions for ``smooth texture,'' ``fairly smooth texture,'' and 
``slightly rough texture'' would be revised to include definitions for 
thickness of skin. In the past there was confusion as to what was 
considered thin skin, fairly thin skin, and slightly thick skin, 
however, with definitions for these terms the confusion would be 
alleviated.
    The definitions for ``green spots'' in the ``classification of 
defects'' section are proposed to be aggregate areas instead of number 
of spots. ``Green spots'' are currently too restrictive, in that they 
allow not more than 10 spots for damage, and not more than 25 spots for 
serious damage, regardless of the size of the fruit. All of the other 
defects in the standards vary with the size of the fruit, larger areas 
allowed on larger fruit and smaller areas allowed on smaller fruit, 
therefore, this is too stringent. It is proposed to determine ``green 
spots'' based on an aggregate area; aggregate area being, clustering 
the spots into the area specified for the grade and commodity. If the 
``green spots,'' when clustered together are outside of the specified 
area it will be scored as a defect, keeping in mind that larger areas 
are allowed on larger fruit and smaller areas on smaller fruit. For 
example, ``green spots'' on a 4\1/8\ inch diameter grapefruit, if they 
were clustered into a circle of more than \3/4\ inches, the ``green 
spots'' would be considered damaged.
    The definitions for ``oil spotting'' and ``skin breakdown'' in the 
``classification of defects'' sections in all standards are being 
revised. The ``oil spotting'' would be changed by deleting the number 
of spots affected, which is thought to be too restrictive for perfectly 
edible fruit; and, increasing the aggregate area allowed, in order to 
bring the definitions into conformity with other citrus standards. The 
definitions for ``skin breakdown'' would be revised to bring them more 
in line with ``oil spotting,'' as it is often difficult to distinguish 
between ``oil spotting'' and ``skin breakdown'' in its early stages.
    Due to the similarity in defects caused by hail, thorn scratches, 
and scars, it is proposed that the definitions in the ``classification 
of defects'' sections be revised to score them all on the same basis as 
``scars.'' Although they will still be described as ``hail,'' ``thorn 
scratches,'' or ``scars,'' they will all be scored on the same basis.
    In the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, because 
sprouted seeds undermine the quality of fruit regardless of whether the 
sprouts are green or not, the ``sprouting'' definitions 
[[Page 9992]] in the ``classification of defects'' section would be 
revised by deleting reference to ``green'' sprouts and revising the 
allowable lengths for sprouts. However, the FCP suggests that the 
sprouted seeds should have an allowable length before scoring them. 
Therefore, it is proposed that: ``not more than six seeds have sprouts 
of more than \1/4\ inch in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts 
over \3/4\ inch in length'' for damage; ``not more than six seeds have 
sprouts of more than \1/2\ inch in length, or more than 3 seeds with 
sprouts over 1 inch in length'' for serious damage; and, ``not more 
than six seeds have sprouts more than \3/4\ inch in length, or more 
than 3 seeds with sprouts over 1\1/4\ inch in length'' for very serious 
damage.
    The ``Note'' at the end of the ``classification of defects'' 
section references the size of the fruit in which to apply the 
aggregate area or length of defects. Currently it references a specific 
size fruit. However, due to the change in the ``size'' section, the 
specific size referenced would no longer be applicable. Therefore, it 
is proposed that the basis for scoring defects shall be based on a 
fruit with a specific diameter measurement; 4\1/8\ inches in diameter 
for grapefruit, 2\7/8\ inches in diameter for oranges and tangelos, and 
2\1/2\ inches in diameter for tangerines.
    Finally, the sections that reference the visual aid would be 
deleted because changes in some of the definition of defects which 
would make certain parts of the visual aid obsolete and because the 
visual aids are no longer available.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 51

    Agricultural commodities, Food grades and standards, Fruits, Nuts, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Vegetables.

PART 51--[AMENDED]

    For reasons set forth in the preamble, it is proposed that 7 CFR 
part 51 be amended as follows:
    1. The authority citation for 7 CFR Part 51 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624.

    2. In Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida 
Grapefruit is revised to read as follows:

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit

Grades

Sec.
51.750  U.S. Fancy.
51.751  U.S. No. 1 Bright.
51.752  U.S. No. 1.
51.753  U.S. No. 1 Golden.
51.754  U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
51.755  U.S. No. 1 Russet.
51.756  U.S. No. 2 Bright.
51.757  U.S. No. 2.
51.758  U.S. No. 2 Russet.
51.759  U.S. No. 3.

Tolerances

51.760  Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.761  Application of tolerances.

Sample for Grade Determination

51.762  Sample for grade determination.

Size

51.763  Size.

Definitions

51.764  Similar varietal characteristics.
51.765  Well colored.
51.766  Firm.
51.767  Well formed.
51.768  Mature.
51.769  Smooth texture.
51.770  Injury.
51.771  Discoloration.
51.772  Fairly well colored.
51.773  Fairly smooth texture.
51.774  Damage.
51.775  Fairly firm.
51.776  Slightly misshapen.
51.777  Slightly rough texture.
51.778  Serious damage.
51.779  Slightly colored.
51.780  Poorly colored.
51.781  Misshapen.
51.782  Slightly spongy.
51.783  Very serious damage.
51.784  Diameter.
51.785  Classification of defects.

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit

Grades


Sec. 51.750  U.S. Fancy.

    ``U.S. Fancy'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.

(See Sec. 51.771.);

    (2) Firm;
    (3) Mature;
    (4) Similar varietal characteristics;
    (5) Smooth texture;
    (6) Well colored; and,
    (7) Well formed.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Buckskin;
    (3) Caked melanose;
    (4) Decay;
    (5) Scab;
    (6) Sprayburn;
    (7) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (8) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from injury caused by:
    (1) Bruises;
    (2) Green spots;
    (3) Oil spots;
    (4) Scale;
    (5) Scars;
    (6) Skin breakdown; and,
    (7) Thorn scratches.
    (d) Free from damage caused by:
    (1) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (2) Disease;
    (3) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (4) Hail;
    (5) Insects;
    (6) Sprouting;
    (7) Sunburn; and,
    (8) Other means.
    (e) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.751  U.S. No. 1 Bright.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in 
the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see 
Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.752  U.S. No. 1.

    ``U.S. No. 1'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.

(See Sec. 51.771.);

    (2) Fairly smooth texture;
    (3) Fairly well colored;
    (4) Firm;
    (5) Mature;
    (6) Similar varietal characteristics; and,
    (7) Well formed.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Caked melanose;
    (5) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (6) Disease;
    (7) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (8) Green spots;
    (9) Hail;
    (10) Insects;
    (11) Oil spots;
    (12) Scab;
    (13) Scale;
    (14) Scars;
    (15) Skin breakdown;
    (16) Sprayburn;
    (17) Sprouting;
    (18) Sunburn;
    (19) Thorn scratches; and,
    (20) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.753  U.S. No. 1 Golden.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have 
more than one-third [[Page 9993]] of their surface, in the aggregate, 
affected by discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.754  U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more 
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by 
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each of these fruits 
shall be of rust mite type. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.755  U.S. No. 1 Russet.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more 
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type 
of discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.756  U.S. No. 2 Bright.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in 
the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see 
Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.757  U.S. No. 2.

    ``U.S. No. 2'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.

(See Sec. 51.771.)

    (2) Fairly firm;
    (3) Mature;
    (4) Similar varietal characteristics;
    (5) Slightly colored;
    (6) Not more than slightly misshapen; and,
    (7) Not more than slightly rough texture.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from serious damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Caked melanose;
    (5) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (6) Disease;
    (7) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (8) Green spots;
    (9) Hail;
    (10) Insects;
    (11) Oil spots;
    (12) Scab;
    (13) Scale;
    (14) Scars;
    (15) Skin breakdown;
    (16) Sprayburn;
    (17) Sprouting;
    (18) Sunburn;
    (19) Thorn scratches; and,
    (20) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.758  U.S. No. 2 Russet.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 
except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-
half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of 
discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.


Sec. 51.759  U.S. No. 3.

    ``U.S. No. 3'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Mature;
    (2) Misshapen;
    (3) Poorly colored;
    (4) Rough texture, not seriously bumpy;
    (5) Similar varietal characteristics; and,
    (6) Slightly spongy.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from very serious damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Caked melanose;
    (5) Disease;
    (6) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (7) Hail;
    (8) Insects;
    (9) Oil spotting;
    (10) Scab;
    (11) Scale;
    (12) Scars;
    (13) Skin breakdown;
    (14) Sprayburn;
    (15) Sprouting;
    (16) Sunburn; and,
    (17) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Tolerances


Sec. 51.760  Tolerances.

    In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and 
handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by 
count, are provided as specified:
    (a) Defects.
    (1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden, 
U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2, 
and U.S. No. 2 Russet.
    (i) For defects at shipping point1. Not more than 10 percent 
of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the 
specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5 
percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, 
including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or 
wormy fruit.

    \1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart, 
means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or 
at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the 
case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the 
port of entry into the United States.
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    (ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the 
specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 
the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
    (A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
    (B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including 
therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent 
defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
    (2) U.S. No. 3.
    (i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade: 
Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be 
for decay or wormy fruit.
    (ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade: 
Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following 
percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
    (A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
    (B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
    (b) Discoloration.
    (1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No. 
2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet 
the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade. 
No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive 
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages 
within percentage specified.
    (2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall 
have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, 
affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be 
allowed to increase this percentage. No sample may have more than 40 
percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration: And provided 
further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.
    (3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent 
of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the 
[[Page 9994]] surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and 
no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No 
sample may have less than 20 percent of the fruit with required 
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages 
within the percentage specified.
    (4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have 
in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by 
discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce 
this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages 
within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances


Sec. 51.761  Application of tolerances.

    Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless 
otherwise specified in Sec. 51.760. Individual samples shall have not 
more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance of 10 percent or 
more, and not more than double a specified tolerance less than 10 
percent: Provided, that at least one decayed or wormy fruit may be 
permitted in any package: And provided further, that the averages for 
the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.

Sample for Grade Determination


Sec. 51.762  Sample for grade determination.

    Each sample shall consist of 33 fruit. When individual packages 
contain at least 33 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when 
individual packages contain less than 33 fruit, a sufficient number of 
adjoining packages are opened to form a 33 fruit sample.

Size


Sec. 51.763  Size.

    (a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in 
containers according to approved and recognized methods.
    (b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 9 percent 
of the grapefruit per sample may vary more than one-half inch in 
diameter.
    (c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not 
more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the 
requirements of size.

Definitions


Sec. 51.764  Similar varietal characteristics.

    Similar varietal characteristics means that the fruits in any 
container are similar in color and shape.


Sec. 51.765  Well colored.

    Well colored means that the fruit has characteristic color for the 
variety with practically no trace of green color.


Sec. 51.766  Firm.

    Firm means that the fruit is not soft, or noticeably wilted or 
flabby, and the skin is not spongy or puffy.


Sec. 51.767  Well formed.

    Well formed means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of 
the variety.


Sec. 51.768  Mature.

    Mature shall have the same meaning currently assigned the term in 
Secs. 601.16, 601.17, and 601.18 of the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as 
amended (chs. 28090 and 29760, Laws of Florida, 1953 and 1955), or as 
the definition of such term may hereafter be amended.


Sec. 51.769  Smooth texture.

    Smooth texture means that the skin is thin and smooth for the 
variety and size of the fruit. ``Thin'' means that the skin thickness 
does not average more than \3/8\ inch (9.5 mm), on a central cross 
section, on grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm) in diameter, allowing 
proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on 
smaller fruit.


Sec. 51.770  Injury.

    Injury means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785, Table I; 
or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any 
other defect, or any combination of defects, which slightly detracts 
from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.


Sec. 51.771  Discoloration.

    Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown 
caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration 
caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may 
be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a 
lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck-type melanose or 
other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater 
extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed in the grade.


Sec. 51.772  Fairly well colored.

    Fairly well colored means that except for an aggregate area of 
green color which does not exceed the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) 
in diameter, the characteristic color predominates over the green 
color.


Sec. 51.773  Fairly smooth texture.

    Fairly smooth texture means that the skin is fairly thin and not 
coarse for the variety and size of the fruit. ``Fairly thin'' means 
that the skin thickness does not average more than \1/2\ inch (12.7 
mm), on a grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm), allowing proportionately 
greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.


Sec. 51.774  Damage.

    Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785 Table I; 
or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any 
other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts 
from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.


Sec. 51.775  Fairly firm.

    Fairly firm means that the fruit may be slightly soft, but not 
bruised, and the skin is not spongy or puffy.


Sec. 51.776  Slightly misshapen.

    Slightly misshapen means that the fruit has fairly good shape 
characteristic of the variety and is not more than slightly elongated 
or pointed or otherwise deformed.


Sec. 51.777  Slightly rough texture.

    Slightly rough texture means that the skin may be slightly thick 
but not excessively thick, materially ridged or grooved. ``Slightly 
thick'' means that the skin thickness does not average more than \5/8\ 
inch (15.9 mm), on a central cross section, on a grapefruit 4\1/8\ 
inches (104.8 mm), allowing proportionately greater areas on larger 
fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.


Sec. 51.778  Serious damage.

    Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785, 
Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these 
defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which 
seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing 
quality of the fruit.


Sec. 51.779  Slightly colored.

    Slightly colored means that except for an aggregate area of green 
color which does not exceed the area of a circle 2 inches (50.8 mm) in 
diameter, the fruit surface shows some characteristic color.


Sec. 51.780  Poorly colored.

    Poorly colored means that not more than 25 percent of the surface 
may be of a solid dark green color.


Sec. 51.781  Misshapen.

    Misshapen means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed, or 
flatsided.


Sec. 51.782  Slightly spongy.

    Slightly spongy means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted 
but not flabby.


Sec. 51.783  Very serious damage.

    Very serious damage means any specific defect in Sec. 51.785, Table 
I; or an [[Page 9995]] equally objectionable variation of any one of 
these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which 
very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing 
quality of the fruit.


Sec. 51.784  Diameter.

    Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a 
line from stem to blossom end.


Sec. 51.785  Classification of defects.

                                                     Table I                                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Factor                 Injury                 Damage             Serious damage      Very serious damage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ammoniation..........  .....................  Not occurring as       Scars are cracked or   Aggregating more    
                                               light speck type.      dark and aggregating   than 25 percent of 
                                                                      more than a circle 1   the surface.       
                                                                      inch (25.4 mm) in                         
                                                                      diameter.                                 
Bruises..............  Segment walls are      Segment walls are      Segment walls are      Fruit is split open,
                        collapsed, or rag is   collapsed, or rag is   collapsed, or rag is   peel is badly      
                        ruptured and juice     ruptured and juice     ruptured and juice     watersoaked, or rag
                        sacs are ruptured.     sacs are ruptured.     sacs are ruptured.     is ruptured and    
                                                                                             juice sacs are     
                                                                                             ruptured causing a 
                                                                                             mushy condition    
                                                                                             affecting all      
                                                                                             segments more than 
                                                                                             \3/4\ inch (19.1   
                                                                                             mm) at bruised area
                                                                                             or the equivalent  
                                                                                             of this amount, by 
                                                                                             volume, when       
                                                                                             affecting more than
                                                                                             one area on the    
                                                                                             fruit.             
Buckskin.............  .....................  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                                               a circle 1\1/4\        25 percent of the      than 50 percent of 
                                               inches (31.8 mm) in    surface..              the surface        
                                               diameter.                                                        
Caked melanose.......  .....................  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                                               a circle \3/4\ inch    a circle 1 inch        than 25 percent of 
                                               (19.1mm) in diameter.  (25.4 mm) in           the surface.       
                                                                      diameter.                                 
Dryness or mushy       .....................  Affecting all          Affecting all          Affecting all       
 condition.                                    segments more than     segments more than     segments more than 
                                               \1/4\ inch (6.4 mm)    \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm)   \3/4\ inch (19.1   
                                               at stem end, or the    at stem end, or the    mm) at stem end, or
                                               equivalent of this     equivalent of this     the equivalent of  
                                               amount, by volume,     amount, by volume,     this amount, by    
                                               when occurring in      when occurring in      volume, when       
                                               other portions of      other portions of      occurring in other 
                                               the fruit.             the fruit.             portions of the    
                                                                                             fruit.             
Green spots..........  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                        a circle \1/2\ inch    a circle \3/4\ inch    a circle 1 inch        than \1/3\ of the  
                        (12.7 mm) in           (19.1 mm) in           (25.4 mm) in           surface, caused by 
                        diameter, caused by    diameter, caused by    diameter, caused by    scale.             
                        scale.                 scale.                 scale.                                    
Oil spots............  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                        a circle \1/2\ inch    a circle 1 inch        a circle 1\1/2\        than \1/3\ of the  
                        (12.7 mm) in           (25.4 mm) in           inches (38.1 mm) in    surface            
                        diameter.              diameter.              diameter.                                 
Scab.................  .....................  Materially detracts    Seriously detracts      Aggregating more   
                                               from the shape or      from the shape or      than 25 percent of 
                                               texture, or            texture, or            the surface.       
                                               aggregating more       aggregating more                          
                                               than a circle \3/4\    than a circle \7/8\                       
                                               inch (19.1 mm) in      inch (22.2 mm) in                         
                                               diameter.              diameter.                                 
Scale................  More than a few        Blotch aggregating     Blotch aggregating     Aggregating more    
                        adjacent to the        more than a circle     more than a circle 1   than 25 percent of 
                        ``button'' at the      \3/4\ inch (19.1 mm)   inch (25.4 mm) in      the surface.       
                        stem end, or more      in diameter, or        diameter, or                              
                        than 6 scattered on    occurring as a ring    occurring as a ring                       
                        other portions of      more than a circle     more than a circle                        
                        the fruit.             1\1/4\ inches (31.8    1\1/2\ inches (38.1                       
                                               mm) in diameter.       mm) in diameter.                          
Scars, Hail, or Thorn  Depressed, not         Very deep or very      Very deep or very      Very deep or very   
 scratches.             smooth, or detracts    rough aggregating      rough aggregating      rough or unsightly 
                        from appearance more   more than a circle     more than a circle 1   that appearance is 
                        than the amount of     \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm)   inch (25.4 mm) in      very seriously     
                        discoloration          in diameter; deep or   diameter; deep or      affected.          
                        permitted in the       rough aggregating      rough aggregating                         
                        grade.                 more than a circle 1   more than 5 percent                       
                                               inch (25.4 mm) in      of fruit surface;                         
                                               diameter; slightly     slight depth or                           
                                               rough or of slight     slightly rough                            
                                               depth aggregating      aggregating more                          
                                               more than 10 percent   than 15 percent of                        
                                               of fruit surface.      fruit surface.                            
Skin breakdown.......  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than   Aggregating more   
                        a circle \3/8\ inch    a circle \3/4\ inch    a circle 1 inch        than 25 percent of 
                        (9.5 mm) in diameter.  (19.1 mm) in           (25.4 mm) in           the surface.       
                                               diameter.              diameter.                                 
[[Page 9996]]                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                
Sprayburn............  .....................  Aggregating more than  Hard and aggregating   Aggregating more    
                                               a circle \3/4\ inch    more than a circle     than 25 percent of 
                                               (19.1 mm) in           1\1/2\ inches (38.1    the surface.       
                                               diameter.              mm) in diameter.                          
Sprouting............  .....................  More than six seeds    More than six seeds    More than six seeds 
                                               have sprouts of more   have sprouts of more   have sprouts of    
                                               than \1/4\ inch (6.4   than \1/2\ inch        more than \3/4\    
                                               mm) in length, or      (12.7 mm) in length,   inch (19.1 mm) in  
                                               more than 3 seeds      or more than 3 seeds   length, or more    
                                               with sprouts over \3/  with sprouts over 1    than 3 seeds with  
                                               4\ inch (19.1 mm) in   inch (25.4 mm) in      sprouts over 1\1/4\
                                               length.                length.                inches (31.8 mm) in
                                                                                             length.            
Sunburn..............  .....................  Skin is flattened,     Skin is hard and       Aggregating more    
                                               dry, darkened, or      affects more than      than 50 percent of 
                                               hard and the           one-third of the       the surface.       
                                               affected area          surface.                                  
                                               exceeds 25 percent                                               
                                               of the surface.                                                  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: References to area or aggregating area, or length are based on a grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm) in   
  diameter.                                                                                                     

    3. Part 51, Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida 
Oranges and Tangelos is revised to read as follows:

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and 
Tangelos

General

Sec.
51.1140  General.

Grades

51.1141  U.S.Fancy.
51.1142  U.S.No. 1 Bright.
51.1143  U.S.No. 1.
51.1144  U.S.No. 1 Golden.
51.1145  U.S.No. 1 Bronze.
51.1146  U.S.No. 1 Russet.
51.1147  U.S.No. 2 Bright.
51.1148  U.S.No. 2.
51.1149  U.S.No. 2 Russet.
51.1150  U.S.No. 3.

Tolerances

51.1151  Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.1152  Application of tolerances.

Sample for Grade Determination

51.1153  Sample for grade determination.

Size

51.1154  Size.

Definitions

51.1155  Similar varietal characteristics.
51.1156  Well colored.
51.1157  Firm.
51.1158  Well formed.
51.1159  Mature.
51.1160  Smooth texture.
51.1161  Injury.
51.1162  Discoloration.
51.1163  Fairly smooth texture.
51.1164  Damage.
51.1165  Fairly well colored.
51.1166  Reasonably well colored.
51.1167  Poorly colored.
51.1168  Fairly firm.
51.1169  Slightly misshapen.
51.1170  Slightly rough texture.
51.1171  Serious damage.
51.1172  Misshapen.
51.1173  Slightly spongy.
51.1174  Very serious damage.
51.1175  Diameter.
51.1176  Classification of defects.

Standards for Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis 
(L) Osbeck)

51.1177  U.S.Grade AA Juice (Double A).
51.1178  U.S.Grade A Juice.
51.1179  Maximum anhydrous citric permissible for corresponding 
total soluble solids.
51.1180  Method of juice extraction.

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and 
Tangelos

General


Sec. 51.1140  General.

    The standards contained in this subpart apply only to the common or 
sweet orange group and varieties and hybrids of varieties belonging to 
the Mandarin group, except tangerines, and to the citrus fruit commonly 
known as ``tangelo''--a hybrid between tangerine or mandarin orange 
(citrus reticulata) with either the grapefruit or pomelo (C. paradisi 
and C. grandis). Separate U.S. standards apply to tangerines. The 
standards for internal quality contained in Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180 apply only to common sweet oranges (citrus sinensis (L) 
Osbeck).

Grades


Sec. 51.1141  U.S. Fancy.

    ``U.S. Fancy'' consists of oranges which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.);
    (2) Firm;
    (3) Mature;
    (4) Similar varietal characteristics;
    (5) Smooth texture;
    (6) Well colored; and,
    (7) Well formed.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Buckskin;
    (3) Caked melanose;
    (4) Creasing;
    (5) Decay;
    (6) Scab;
    (7) Split navels;
    (8) Sprayburn;
    (9) Undeveloped segments;
    (10) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (11) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from injury caused by:
    (1) Bruises;
    (2) Green spots;
    (3) Oil spots;
    (4) Rough, wide or protruding navels;
    (5) Scale;
    (6) Scars;
    (7) Skin breakdown; and,
    (8) Thorn scratches.
    (d) Free from damage caused by:
    (1) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (2) Disease;
    (3) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (4) Hail;
    (5) Insects;
    (6) Riciness or woodiness;
    (7) Sunburn; and,
    (8) Other means.
    (e) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (f) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1142  U.S. No. 1 Bright.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that [[Page 9997]] no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its 
surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration.
    (a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1143  U.S. No. 1.

    ``U.S. No. 1'' consists of oranges which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Color;
    (i) Early and midseason varieties shall be fairly well colored.
    (ii) For Valencia and other late varieties, not less than 50 
percent, by count, shall be fairly well colored and the remainder 
reasonably well colored.
    (2) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.);
    (3) Fairly smooth texture;
    (4) Firm;
    (5) Mature;
    (6) Similar varietal characteristics; and,
    (7) Well formed.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Caked melanose;
    (5) Creasing;
    (6) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (7) Disease;
    (8) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (9) Green spots;
    (10) Hail;
    (11) Insects;
    (12) Oil spots;
    (13) Riciness or woodiness;
    (14) Scab;
    (15) Scale;
    (16) Scars;
    (17) Skin breakdown;
    (18) Split, rough or protruding navels;
    (19) Sprayburn;
    (20) Sunburn;
    (21) Thorn scratches; and,
    (22) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (e) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1144  U.S. No. 1 Golden.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have 
more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by 
discoloration.
    (a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1145  U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more than 
one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by 
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each fruit shall be 
of rust mite type.
    (a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1146  U.S. No. 1 Russet.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more 
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type 
of discoloration.
    (a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1147  U.S. No. 2 Bright.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in 
the aggregate, affected by discoloration.
    (a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1148  U.S. No. 2.

    ``U.S. No. 2'' consists of oranges which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.)
    (2) Fairly firm;
    (3) Mature;
    (4) Reasonably well colored;
    (5) Similar varietal characteristics;
    (6) Not more than slightly misshapen; and,
    (7) Not more than slightly rough texture.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from serious damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Caked melanose;
    (5) Creasing;
    (6) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (7) Disease;
    (8) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (9) Green spots;
    (10) Hail;
    (11) Insects;
    (12) Oil spots;
    (13) Riciness or woodiness;
    (14) Scab;
    (15) Scale;
    (16) Scars;
    (17) Skin breakdown;
    (18) Split, rough or protruding navels;
    (19) Sprayburn;
    (20) Sunburn;
    (21) Thorn scratches; and,
    (22) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1149  U.S. No. 2 Russet.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 
except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-
half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of 
discoloration.
    (a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)


Sec. 51.1150  U.S. No. 3.

    ``U.S. No. 3'' consists of oranges which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Mature;
    (2) Misshapen;
    (3) Poorly colored;
    (4) Rough texture, not seriously lumpy;
    (5) Similar varietal characteristics; and,
    (6) Slightly spongy.
    (b) Free from: [[Page 9998]] 
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from very serious damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Caked melanose;
    (5) Creasing;
    (6) Disease;
    (7) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (8) Hail;
    (9) Insects;
    (10) Riciness or woodiness;
    (11) Scab;
    (12) Scale;
    (13) Scars;
    (14) Skin breakdown;
    (15) Split navels;
    (16) Sprayburn;
    (17) Sunburn; and,
    (18) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
    (e) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for 
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so 
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through 
51.1180.)

Tolerances


Sec. 51.1151  Tolerances.

    In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and 
handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by 
count, are provided as specified:
    (a) Defects.
    (1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden, 
U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2, 
and U.S. No. 2 Russet grades.
    (i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not more than 10 percent 
of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the 
specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5 
percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, 
including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or 
wormy fruit.

    \1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart, 
means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or 
at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the 
case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the 
port of entry into the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the 
specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 
the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
    (A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
    (B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including 
therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent 
defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
    (2) U.S. No. 3.
    (i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not more than 10 percent 
of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade: 
Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be 
for decay or wormy fruit.
    (ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade: 
Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following 
percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
    (A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
    (B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
    (b) Discoloration.
    (1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No. 
2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet 
the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade. 
No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive 
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages 
within the percentage specified.
    (2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall 
have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, and no 
part of any tolerance shall be allowed to increase this percentage. No 
sample may have more than 40 percent of the fruit with excessive 
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages 
within the percentage specified.
    (3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent 
of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the surface, in the 
aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance 
shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less 
than 20 percent of the fruit with required discoloration: And provided 
further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.
    (4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have 
in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by 
discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce 
this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages 
within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances


Sec. 51.1152  Application of tolerances.

    Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless 
otherwise specified in Sec. 51.1151: Provided, that individual samples 
shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance 
of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance 
of less than 10 percent: And provided further, that the averages for 
the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.

Sample For Grade Determination


Sec. 51.1153  Sample for grade determination.

    Each sample shall consist of 50 fruit. When individual packages 
contain at least 50 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when 
individual packages contain less than 50 fruit, a sufficient number of 
adjoining packages are opened to form a 50 fruit sample.

Size


Sec. 51.1154  Size.

    (a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in 
containers according to approved and recognized methods.
    (b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 10 percent 
of the oranges per sample may vary more than one-half inch in diameter.
    (c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not 
more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the 
requirements of size.

Definitions


Sec. 51.1155  Similar varietal characteristics.

    Similar varietal characteristics means that the fruits in any 
container are similar in color and shape.


Sec. 51.1156  Well colored.

    Well colored as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that 
the fruit has characteristic color for the variety with practically no 
trace of green color.


Sec. 51.1157  Firm.

    Firm as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that the fruit 
is not soft, or noticeably wilted or flabby; as applied to oranges of 
the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin), ``firm'' means that the 
fruit is not extremely puffy, although the skin may be slightly loose.


Sec. 51.1158  Well formed.

    Well formed means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of 
the variety.


Sec. 51.1159  Mature.

    (a) Mature for other than Temple oranges shall have the same 
meaning currently assigned that term in section 601.19 and 601.20 of 
the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 25149, Laws of 
Florida, 1949), or as the [[Page 9999]] definition of such term may 
hereafter be amended;
    (b) Mature for Temple oranges shall have the same meaning currently 
assigned that term in sections 601.21 and 601.22 of the Florida Citrus 
Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 26492, Laws of Florida, 1951), or as the 
definition of such term may hereafter be amended; and,
    (c) Mature for Tangelos shall have the same meaning currently 
assigned that term in section 601.231 and 601.232 of the Florida Citrus 
Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 29757, Laws of Florida, 1955), or as the 
definition of such term may hereafter be amended.


Sec. 51.1160  Smooth texture.

    Smooth texture means that the skin is thin and smooth for the 
variety and size of the fruit.


Sec. 51.1161  Injury.

    Injury means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176, Table 
I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, 
any other defect, or any combination of defects which slightly detracts 
from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.


Sec. 51.1162  Discoloration.

    Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown 
caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration 
caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may 
be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a 
lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck type melanose or 
other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater 
extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed for the 
grade.


Sec. 51.1163  Fairly smooth texture.

    Fairly smooth texture means that the skin is fairly thin and not 
coarse for the variety and size of the fruit.


Sec. 51.1164  Damage.

    Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176, Table 
I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, 
any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially 
detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the 
fruit.


Sec. 51.1165  Fairly well colored.

    Fairly well colored as applied to common oranges and tangelos means 
that except for an aggregate area of green color which does not exceed 
the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter, the characteristic 
color predominates over the green color.


Sec. 51.1166  Reasonably well colored.

    Reasonably well colored as applied to common oranges means that the 
characteristic color predominate over the green color on at least two-
thirds of the fruit surface, in the aggregate.


Sec. 51.1167  Poorly colored.

    Poorly colored as applied to common oranges means that not more 
than 25 percent of the surface may be solid dark green color.


Sec. 51.1168  Fairly firm.

    Fairly firm as applied to common oranges and tangelos, means that 
the fruit may be slightly soft, but not bruised; as applied to oranges 
of the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin), means that the skin 
of the fruit is not extremely puffy or extremely loose.


Sec. 51.1169  Slightly misshapen.

    Slightly misshapen means that the fruit is not of the shape 
characteristic of the variety but is not appreciably elongated or 
pointed or otherwise deformed.


Sec. 51.1170  Slightly rough texture.

    Slightly rough texture means that the skin is not of smooth texture 
but is not materially ridged, grooved, or wrinkled.


Sec. 51.1171  Serious damage.

    Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176, 
Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these 
defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which 
seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing 
quality of the fruit.


Sec. 51.1172  Misshapen.

    Misshapen means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed or 
flatsided.


Sec. 51.1173  Slightly spongy.

    Slightly spongy means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted 
but not flabby.


Sec. 51.1174  Very serious damage.

    Very serious damage means any specific defect described in 
Sec. 51.1176, Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one 
of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, 
which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or 
marketing quality of the fruit.


Sec. 51.1175  Diameter.

    Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a 
line from stem to blossom end.


Sec. 51.1176  Classification of defects.

                                                     Table I                                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Factor                 Injury                 Damage             Serious damage      Very serious damage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ammoniation..........    ...................  Not occurring as       Scars are cracked or   Aggregating more    
                                               light speck type.      dark and aggregating   than 25 percent of 
                                                                      more than a circle     the surface.       
                                                                      \3/4\ inch (19.1 mm)                      
                                                                      in diameter.                              
Bruises..............  Segment walls are      Segment walls are      Segment walls are      Fruit is split open,
                        collapsed, or rag is   collapsed, or rag is   collapsed, or rag is   peel is badly      
                        ruptured and juice     ruptured and juice     ruptured and juice     watersoaked, or rag
                        sacs are ruptured.     sacs are ruptured.     sacs are ruptured.     is ruptured and    
                                                                                             juice sacs are     
                                                                                             ruptured causing a 
                                                                                             mushy condition    
                                                                                             affecting all      
                                                                                             segments more than 
                                                                                             \3/4\ inch (19.1   
                                                                                             mm) at bruised area
                                                                                             or the equivalent  
                                                                                             of this amount, by 
                                                                                             volume, when       
                                                                                             affecting more than
                                                                                             one area on the    
                                                                                             fruit.             
[[Page 10000]]                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                
Buckskin.............    ...................  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                                               a circle 1 inch        25 percent of the      than 50 percent of 
                                               (25.4 mm) in           surface.               the surface.       
                                               diameter.                                                        
Caked melanose.......    ...................  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                                               a circle \5/8\ inch    a circle \3/4\ inch    than 25 percent of 
                                               (15.9 mm) in           (19.1 mm) in           the surface.       
                                               diameter.              diameter.                                 
Creasing.............    ...................    Materially weakens   Seriously weakens the  Very seriously      
                                               the skin, or extends   skin, or extends       weakens the skin,  
                                               over more than one-    over more than one-    or is distributed  
                                               third of the surface.  half of the surface.   over practically   
                                                                                             the entire surface.
Dryness or mushy         ...................  Affecting all          Affecting all          Affecting all       
 condition.                                    segments more than     segments more than     segments more than 
                                               \1/4\ inch (6.4 mm)    \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm)   \3/4\ inch (19.1   
                                               at stem end, or the    at stem end, or the    mm) at stem end, or
                                               equivalent of this     equivalent of this     the equivalent of  
                                               amount, by volume,     amount, by volume,     this amount, by    
                                               when occurring in      when occurring in      volume, when       
                                               other portions of      other portions of      occurring in other 
                                               the fruit.             the fruit.             portions of the    
                                                                                             fruit.             
Green spots..........  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                        a circle \3/8\ inch    a circle \5/8\ inch    a circle \7/8\ inch    than \1/3\ of the  
                        (9.5 mm) in            (15.9 mm) in           (22.2 mm) in           surface, caused by 
                        diameter, caused by    diameter, caused by    diameter, caused by    scale.             
                        scale.                 scale.                 scale.                                    
Oil spots............  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                        a circle \3/8\ inch    a circle \7/8\ inch    a circle 1\1/4\        than \1/3\ of the  
                        (9.5 mm) in diameter.  (22.2 mm) in           inches (31.8 mm) in    surface.           
                                               diameter.              diameter.                                 
Scab.................    ...................  Materially detracts    Seriously detracts     Aggregating more    
                                               from the shape or      from the shape or      than 25 percent of 
                                               texture, or            texture, or            the surface.       
                                               aggregating more       aggregating more                          
                                               than a circle \5/8\    than a circle \3/4\                       
                                               inch (15.9 mm) in      inch (19.1 mm) in                         
                                               diameter.              diameter.                                 
Scale................  More than a few        Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                        adjacent to the        a circle \5/8\ inch    a circle \3/4\ inch    than 25 percent of 
                        ``button'' at the      (15.9 mm) in           (19.1 mm) in           the surface.       
                        stem end, or more      diameter.              diameter.                                 
                        than 6 scattered on                                                                     
                        other portions of                                                                       
                        the fruit.                                                                              
Scars, hail, or thorn  Depressed, not         Deep or rough          Deep or rough          Deep or rough or    
 scratches.             smooth, or detracts    aggregating more       aggregating more       unsightly that     
                        from appearance more   than a circle \1/4\    than a circle \1/2\    appearance is very 
                        than the amount of     inch (6.4 mm) in       inch (12.7 mm) in      seriously affected.
                        discoloration          diameter; slightly     diameter; slightly                        
                        permitted in the       rough with slight      rough with depth                          
                        grade.                 depth aggregating      aggregating more                          
                                               more than a circle     than a circle 1\1/4\                      
                                               \7/8\ inch (22.2 mm)   inches (31.8 mm) in                       
                                               in diameter; smooth    diameter; smooth or                       
                                               or fairly smooth       fairly smooth with                        
                                               with slight depth      slightly depth                            
                                               aggregating more       aggregating more                          
                                               than a circle 1\1/4\   than 10 percent of                        
                                               inches (31.8. mm) in   fruit surface.                            
                                               diameter.                                                        
Skin breakdown.......  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more than  Aggregating more    
                        a circle \1/4\ inch    a circle \1/2\ inch    a circle \7/8\ inch    than 25 percent of 
                        (6.4 mm) in diameter.  (12.7 mm) in           (22.2 mm) in           the surface.       
                                               diameter.              diameter.                                 
Sprayburn............    ...................  Aggregating more than  Hard and aggregating   Aggregating more    
                                               a circle \5/8\ inch    more than a circle     than 25 percent of 
                                               (15.9 mm) in           1\1/2\ inches (38.1    the surface        
                                               diameter.              mm) in diameter.                          
Split, rough,          Split is unhealed, or  Split is unhealed, or  Split is unhealed, or  Split is unhealed or
 protruding navels.     more than \1/8\ inch   more than \1/4\ inch   more than \1/2\ inch   fruit is seriously 
                        (3.2 mm) in length,    (6.4 mm) in length,    (12.7 mm) in length,   weakened           
                        or navel protrudes     or more than three     or two or more                            
                        beyond the general     well healed splits,    splits aggregate                          
                        contour, and opening   or navel protrudes     more than 1 inch                          
                        is so wide, folded     beyond the general     (25.4 mm) in length,                      
                        and ridged that it     contour, and opening   or navel protrudes                        
                        detracts from the      is so wide, folded     beyond general                            
                        appearance.            and ridged that it     contour, and opening                      
                                               detracts from          is so wide, folded                        
                                               appearance.            and ridged that it                        
                                                                      detracts from                             
                                                                      appearance.                               
Sunburn..............    ...................  Skin is flattened,     Skin is hard and       Aggregating more    
                                               dry, darkened, or      affects more than      than 50 percent of 
                                               hard and the           one-third of the       the surface.       
                                               affected area          surface.                                  
                                               exceeds 25 percent                                               
                                               of the surface.                                                  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: References to area or aggregating area, or length are based on an orange or tangelo 2\7/8\ inches (73.0   
  mm) in diameter.                                                                                              


[[Page 10001]]

Standards For Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis 
(L) Osbeck)


Sec. 51.1177  U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A).

    Any lot of oranges, the juice content of which meets the following 
requirements, may be designated ``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'':
    (a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an average of not less than 5 
gallons (18.9 liters) of juice per standard packed box of 1\3/5\ 
bushels.
    (b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not 
less than 10 percent total soluble solids, and not less than one-half 
of 1 percent anhydrous citric acid, or more than the permissible 
maximum acid specified in Table II of Sec. 51.1179.


Sec. 51.1178  U.S. Grade A Juice.

    Any lot of oranges, the juice content of which meets the following 
requirements, may be designated ``U.S. Grade A Juice'':
    (a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an average of not less than 
4\1/2\ gallons (17.0 liters) of juice per standard packed box of 1\3/5\ 
bushels.
    (b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not 
less than 9 percent total soluble solids, and not less than one-half of 
1 percent anhydrous citric acid, or more than the permissible maximum 
acid specified in Table II of Sec. 51.1179.


Sec. 51.1179  Maximum anhydrous citric acid permissible for 
corresponding total soluble solids.

    For determining the grade of juice, the maximum permissible 
anhydrous citric acid content in relation to corresponding total 
soluble solids in the fruit is set forth in the following Table II 
together with the minimum ratio of total soluble solids to anhydrous 
citric acid:

                                Table II                                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Minimum  
                                                  Maximum      ratio of 
                                                 anhydrous      total   
      Total soluble solids (average pct)        citric acid    soluble  
                                                  (average    solids to 
                                                    pct)      anhydrous 
                                                             citric acid
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.0...........................................        0.947       9.50-1
9.1...........................................         .963       9.45-1
9.2...........................................         .979       9.40-1
9.3...........................................         .995       9.35-1
9.4...........................................        1.011       9.30-1
9.5...........................................        1.027       9.25-1
9.6...........................................        1.043       9.20-1
9.7...........................................        1.060       9.15-1
9.8...........................................        1.077       9.10-1
9.9...........................................        1.094       9.05-1
10.0..........................................        1.111       9.00-1
10.1..........................................        1.128       8.95-1
10.2..........................................        1.146       8.90-1
10.3..........................................        1.164       8.85-1
10.4..........................................        1.182       8.80-1
10.5..........................................        1.200       8.75-1
10.6..........................................        1.218       8.70-1
10.7..........................................        1.237       8.65-1
10.8..........................................        1.256       8.60-1
10.9..........................................        1.275       8.55-1
11.0..........................................        1.294       8.50-1
11.1..........................................        1.306       8.50-1
11.2..........................................        1.318       8.50-1
11.3..........................................        1.329       8.50-1
11.4..........................................        1.341       8.50-1
11.5..........................................        1.353       8.50-1
11.6..........................................        1.365       8.50-1
11.7..........................................        1.376       8.50-1
11.8..........................................        1.388       8.50-1
11.9..........................................        1.400       8.50-1
12.0..........................................        1.412       8.50-1
12.1..........................................        1.424       8.50-1
12.2..........................................        1.435       8.50-1
12.3..........................................        1.447       8.50-1
12.4..........................................        1.459       8.50-1
12.5..........................................        1.471       8.50-1
12.6..........................................        1.482       8.50-1
12.7..........................................        1.494       8.50-1
12.8..........................................        1.506       8.50-1
12.9..........................................        1.517       8.50-1
13.0..........................................        1.530       8.50-1
13.1..........................................        1.541       8.50-1
13.2..........................................        1.553       8.50-1
13.3..........................................        1.565       8.50-1
13.4..........................................        1.576       8.50-1
13.5..........................................        1.588       8.50-1
13.6..........................................        1.600       8.50-1
13.7..........................................        1.612       8.50-1
13.8..........................................        1.624       8.50-1
13.9..........................................        1.635       8.50-1
14.0..........................................        1.647       8.50-1
14.1..........................................        1.659       8.50-1
14.2..........................................        1.671       8.50-1
14.3..........................................        1.682       8.50-1
14.4..........................................        1.694       8.50-1
14.5..........................................        1.705       8.50-1
14.6..........................................        1.718       8.50-1
14.7..........................................        1.729       8.50-1
14.8..........................................        1.741       8.50-1
14.9..........................................        1.753       8.50-1
15.0..........................................        1.765       8.50-1
15.1..........................................        1.776       8.50-1
15.2..........................................        1.788       8.50-1
15.3..........................................        1.800         8.50
15.4..........................................        1.812       8.50-1
15.5..........................................        1.824       8.50-1
15.6 or more..................................                    8.50-1
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 51.1180  Method of juice extraction.

    The juice used in the determining of solids, acids and juice 
content shall be extracted from representative samples as thoroughly as 
possible with a hand reamer or by such mechanical extractor or 
extractors as may be approved. The juice shall be strained through 
cheese cloth or other approved straining device of extra fine mesh to 
prevent passage of juice cells, pulp, or seeds.
    4. Part 51, Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida 
Tangerines is revised to read as follows:

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines

Grades

Sec.
51.1810  U.S. Fancy.
51.1811  U.S. No. 1 Bright.
51.1812  U.S. No. 1.
51.1813  U.S. No. 1 Golden.
51.1814  U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
51.1815  U.S. No. 1 Russet.
51.1816  U.S. No. 2 Bright.
51.1817  U.S. No. 2.
51.1818  U.S. No. 2 Russet.
51.1819  U.S. No. 3.

Tolerances

51.1820  Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.1821  Application of tolerances.

Sample for Grade Determination

51.1822  Sample for grade determination.

Size

51.1823  Size.

Definitions

51.1824  Mature.
51.1825  Firm.
51.1826  Well formed.
51.1827  Damage.
51.1828  Highly colored.
51.1829  Discoloration.
51.1830  Well colored.
51.1831  Fairly well colored.
51.1832  Fairly firm.
51.1833  Fairly well formed.
51.1834  Serious damage.
51.1835  Reasonably well colored.
51.1836  Very serious damage.
51.1837  Diameter.
51.1838  Classification of defects.

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines


Sec. 51.1810  U.S. Fancy.

    ``U.S. Fancy'' consists of tangerines which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);
    (2) Firm;
    (3) Highly colored;
    (4) Mature; and,
    (5) Well formed.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Caked melanose;
    (2) Decay;
    (3) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (4) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Creasing; [[Page 10002]] 
    (5) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (6) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (7) Disease;
    (8) Green spots;
    (9) Hail;
    (10) Insects;
    (11) Oil spots;
    (12) Scab;
    (13) Scale;
    (14) Scars;
    (15) Skin breakdown;
    (16) Sprayburn;
    (17) Sunburn; and,
    (18) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1811  U.S. No. 1 Bright.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in 
the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see 
Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1812  U.S. No. 1.

    ``U.S. No. 1'' consists of tangerines which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);
    (2) Fairly well colored;
    (3) Firm;
    (4) Mature; and,
    (5) Well formed.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Caked melanose;
    (5) Creasing;
    (6) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (7) Disease;
    (8) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (9) Green spots;
    (10) Hail;
    (11) Insects;
    (12) Oil spots;
    (13) Scab;
    (14) Scale;
    (15) Scars;
    (16) Skin breakdown;
    (17) Sprayburn;
    (18) Sunburn; and,
    (19) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1813  U.S. No. 1 Golden.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have 
more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by 
discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1814  U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more 
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by 
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each fruit shall be 
of rust mite type. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1815  U.S. No. 1 Russet.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more 
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type 
of discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1816  U.S. No. 2 Bright.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in 
the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see 
Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1817  U.S. No. 2.

    ``U.S. No. 2'' consists of tangerines which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the 
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);
    (2) Fairly firm;
    (3) Fairly well formed;
    (4) Mature; and,
    (5) Reasonably well colored.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from serious damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Buckskin;
    (4) Caked melanose;
    (5) Creasing;
    (6) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (7) Disease;
    (8) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (9) Green spots;
    (10) Hail;
    (11) Insects;
    (12) Oil spots;
    (13) Scab;
    (14) Scale;
    (15) Scars;
    (16) Skin breakdown;
    (17) Sprayburn;
    (18) Sunburn; and,
    (19) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1818  U.S. No. 2 Russet.

    The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 
except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-
half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of 
discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.


Sec. 51.1819  U.S. No. 3.

    ``U.S. No. 3'' consists of tangerines which meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Basic requirements:
    (1) Mature;
    (2) Not flabby; and,
    (3) Not seriously lumpy.
    (b) Free from:
    (1) Decay;
    (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
    (3) Wormy fruit.
    (c) Free from very serious damage caused by:
    (1) Ammoniation;
    (2) Bruises;
    (3) Caked melanose;
    (4) Creasing;
    (5) Dirt or other foreign material;
    (6) Disease;
    (7) Dryness or mushy condition;
    (8) Hail;
    (9) Insects;
    (10) Scab;
    (11) Scale;
    (12) Scars;
    (13) Skin breakdown;
    (14) Sprayburn;
    (15) Sunburn; and,
    (16) Other means.
    (d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Tolerances


Sec. 51.1820  Tolerances.

    In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and 
handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by 
count, are provided as specified:
    (a) Defects.
    (1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden, 
U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2, 
and U.S. No. 2 Russet grades.
    (i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the specified 
grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5 percent 
shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in 
this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

    \1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart, 
means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or 
at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the 
case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the 
port of entry into the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the 
specified grade: [[Page 10003]] Provided, that included in this amount 
not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects 
listed:
    (A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
    (B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including 
therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent 
defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
    (2) U.S. No. 3.
    (i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade: 
Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be 
for decay or wormy fruit.
    (ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade: 
Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following 
percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
    (A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
    (B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
    (b) Discoloration.
    (1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No. 
2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet 
the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade. 
No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive 
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages 
within the percentage specified.
    (2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall 
have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, 
affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be 
allowed to increase this percentage. No sample may have more than 40 
percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration: And provided 
further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.
    (3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent 
of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the surface, in the 
aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance 
shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less 
than 20 percent of the fruit with required discoloration: And provided 
further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.
    (4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have 
in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by 
discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce 
this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages 
within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances


Sec. 51.1821  Application of tolerances.

    Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless 
otherwise specified in Sec. 51.1820: Provided, that individual samples 
shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance 
of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance 
of less than 10 percent: And provided further, that the averages for 
the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.

Sample for Grade Determination


Sec. 51.1822  Sample for grade determination.

    Each sample shall consist of 50 fruit. When individual packages 
contain at least 50 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when 
individual packages contain less than 50 fruit, a sufficient number of 
adjoining packages are opened to form a 50 fruit sample.

Size


Sec. 51.1823  Size.

    (a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in 
containers according to approved and recognized methods.
    (b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 10 percent 
of the tangerines per sample may vary more than one-half inch in 
diameter.
    (c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not 
more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the 
requirements of size.

Definitions


Sec. 51.1824  Mature.

    Mature shall have the same meaning currently assigned that term in 
sections 601.21 and 601.22 of the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as 
amended (ch. 26492, Laws of Florida, 1951) or, as the definition of 
such term may hereafter be amended.


Sec. 51.1825  Firm.

    Firm means that the flesh is not soft and the fruit is not badly 
puffy and that the skin has not become materially separated from the 
flesh of the tangerine.


Sec. 51.1826  Well formed.

    Well formed means that the fruit has the characteristic tangerine 
shape and is not deformed.


Sec. 51.1827  Damage.

    Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1838, Table 
I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, 
any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially 
detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the 
fruit.


Sec. 51.1828  Highly colored.

    Highly colored means that the ground color of each fruit is a deep 
tangerine color, or characteristic color for the variety, with 
practically no trace of yellow color.


Sec. 51.1829  Discoloration.

    Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown 
caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration 
caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may 
be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a 
lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck type melanose or 
other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater 
extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed in the grade.


Sec. 51.1830  Well colored.

    Well colored means that a good yellow or better ground color 
predominates over the green color on the entire fruit surface with no 
distinct green color present, and that some portion of the surface has 
a reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the variety.


Sec. 51.1831  Fairly well colored.

    Fairly well colored means that the surface of the fruit may have 
green color which does not exceed the aggregate area of a circle 1\1/4\ 
inches (31.8 mm) in diameter and that the remainder of the surface has 
a yellow or better ground color with some portion of the surface 
showing reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the 
variety.


Sec. 51.1832  Fairly firm.

    Fairly firm means that the flesh may be slightly soft but is not 
bruised or badly puffy, and that the skin has not become seriously 
separated from the flesh of the tangerine.


Sec. 51.1833  Fairly well formed.

    Fairly well formed means that the fruit may not have the shape 
characteristic of the variety but that it is not badly deformed.


Sec. 51.1834  Serious damage.

    Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1838, 
Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these 
defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which 
seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing 
quality of the fruit. [[Page 10004]] 


Sec. 51.1835  Reasonably well colored.

    Reasonably well colored means that a good yellow or reddish 
tangerine color shall predominate over the green color on at least one-
half of the fruit surface in the aggregate, and that each fruit shall 
show practically no lemon color.


Sec. 51.1836  Very serious damage.

    Very serious damage means any specific defect described in 
Sec. 51.1838, Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one 
of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, 
which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or 
marketing quality of the fruit.


Sec. 51.1837  Diameter.

    Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a 
line from stem to blossom end.


Sec. 51.1838  Classification of defects.

                                 Table I                                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          Very serious  
      Factor             Damage        Serious damage        damage     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ammoniation......  Not occurring as   Scars are         Aggregating more
                    light speck        cracked or dark   than 25 percent
                    type, or           and aggregating   of the surface.
                    detracts more      more than a                      
                    than               circle \5/8\                     
                    discoloration      inch (15.9 mm)                   
                    permitted in the   in diameter.                     
                    grade.                                              
Bruises..........  Segment walls are  Segment walls     Fruit is split  
                    collapsed, or      are collapsed,    open, peel is  
                    rag is ruptured    or rag is         badly          
                    and juice sacs     ruptured and      watersoaked, or
                    are ruptured.      juice sacs are    rag is ruptured
                                       ruptured.         and juice sacs 
                                                         are ruptured   
                                                         causing a mushy
                                                         condition      
                                                         affecting all  
                                                         segments more  
                                                         than \1/2\ inch
                                                         (12.7 mm) at   
                                                         bruised area or
                                                         the equivalent 
                                                         of this amount,
                                                         by volume, when
                                                         affecting more 
                                                         than one area  
                                                         on the fruit.  
Buckskin.........  Aggregating more   Aggregating more  Aggregating more
                    than a circle \3/  than 25 percent   than 50 percent
                    4\ inch (19.1      of the surface.   of the surface.
                    mm) in diameter.                                    
Caked melanose...  Aggregating more   Aggregating more  Aggregating more
                    than a circle \3/  than a circle     than 25 percent
                    8\ inch (9.5 mm)   \5/8\ inch        of the surface.
                    in diameter.       (15.9 mm) in                     
                                       diameter.                        
Creasing.........  Materially         Seriously         Very seriously  
                    weakens the        weakens the       weakens the    
                    skin, or extends   skin, or          skin, or is    
                    over more than     extends over      distributed    
                    one-third of the   more than one-    over           
                    surface.           half of the       practically the
                                       surface.          entire surface.
Dryness or mushy   Affecting all      Affecting all     Affecting all   
 condition.         segments more      segments more     segments more  
                    than \1/8\ inch    than \1/4\ inch   than \1/2\ inch
                    (3.2 mm) at stem   (6.4 mm) at       (12.7 mm) at   
                    end, or the        stem end, or      stem end, or   
                    equivalent of      the equivalent    the equivalent 
                    this amount, by    of this amount,   of this amount,
                    volume, when       by volume, when   by volume, when
                    occurring in       occurring in      occurring in   
                    other portions     other portions    other portions 
                    of the fruit.      of the fruit.     of the fruit.  
Green spots......  Aggregating more   Aggregating more  Aggregating more
                    than a circle \1/  than a circle     than 25 percent
                    2\ inch (12.7      \5/8\ inch        of the surface.
                    mm) in diameter.   (15.9 mm) in                     
                                       diameter.                        
Oil spots........  Aggregating more   Aggregating more  Aggregating more
                    than a circle \1/  than a circle     than 25 percent
                    2\ inch (12.7      \3/4\ inch        of the surface.
                    mm) in diameter.   (19.1 mm) in                     
                                       diameter.                        
Scab.............  Materially         Seriously         Aggregating more
                    detracts from      detracts from     than 25 percent
                    the shape or       the shape or      of the surface.
                    texture, or        texture, or                      
                    aggregating more   aggregating                      
                    than a circle \3/  more than a                      
                    8\ inch (9.5 mm)   circle \5/8\                     
                    in diameter.       inch (15.9 mm)                   
                                       in diameter.                     
Scale............  Aggregating more   Aggregating more  Aggregating more
                    than a circle \3/  than a circle     than 25 percent
                    8\ inch (9.5 mm)   \5/8\ inch        of the surface.
                    in diameter.       (15.9 mm) in                     
                                       diameter.                        
Scars, Hail, and   Deep or rough      Deep or rough     Deep or rough or
 Thorn scratches.   aggregating more   aggregating       unsightly that 
                    than a circle \1/  more than a       appearance is  
                    4\ inch (6.4 mm)   circle \1/2\      very seriously 
                    in diameter;       inch (12.7 mm)    affected.      
                    slightly rough     in diameter;                     
                    with slight        slightly rough                   
                    depth              with slight                      
                    aggregating more   depth                            
                    than a circle \3/  aggregating                      
                    4\ inch (19.1      more than a                      
                    mm) in diameter;   circle 1\1/8\                    
                    smooth or fairly   inches (28.6                     
                    smooth with        mm) in                           
                    slight depth       diameter;                        
                    aggregating more   smooth or                        
                    than a circle      fairly smooth                    
                    1\1/8\ inches      with slight                      
                    (28.6 mm) in       depth                            
                    diameter.          aggregating                      
                                       more than 10                     
                                       percent of                       
                                       fruit surface.                   
Skin breakdown...  Aggregating more   Aggregating more  Aggregating more
                    than a circle \1/  than a circle     than 25 percent
                    2\ inch (12.7      \3/4\ inch        of the surface.
                    mm) in diameter.   (19.1 mm) in                     
                                       diameter.                        
Sprayburn........  Skin is hard and   Skin is hard and  Aggregating more
                    aggregating more   aggregating       than 25 percent
                    than a circle \3/  more than a       of the surface.
                    4\ inch (19.1      circle 1\1/4\                    
                    mm) in diameter.   inches (31.8                     
                                       mm) in diameter.                 
Sunburn..........  Skin is            Skin is hard and  Aggregating more
                    flattened, dry,    affects more      than 50 percent
                    darkened, or       than one-third    of the surface.
                    hard and the       of the surface.                  
                    affected area                                       
                    exceeds 25                                          
                    percent of the                                      
                    surface.                                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: References to area or aggregate area, or length are based on a    
  tangerine 2\1/2\ inches in diameter (63.5 mm).                        

    Dated: February 8, 1995.
Lon Hatamiya,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 95-4312 Filed 2-21-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P