[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 35 (Wednesday, February 22, 1995)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 9990-10004]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-4312]
[[Page 9989]]
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Part V
Department of Agriculture
_______________________________________________________________________
Agricultural Marketing Service
_______________________________________________________________________
7 CFR Part 51
Grade Standards: Florida Grapefruit, Oranges, Tangelos, and Tangerines;
Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 35 / Wednesday, February 22, 1995 /
Proposed Rules
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[[Page 9990]]
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Marketing Service
7 CFR PART 51
[Docket Number FV-93-301]
Florida Grapefruit, Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and, Florida
Tangerines; Grade Standards
Agency: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: This rule would revise the United States Standards for Grades
of Florida Grapefruit, United States Standards for Grades of Florida
Oranges and Tangelos, and, United States Standards for Grades of
Florida Tangerines. The recommended revisions would: Redefine terms to
more clearly reflect current cultural and marketing practices; add and
revise the grades so as to make them uniform and consistent with each
other and other recently revised U.S. grade standards; revise the
existing tolerances and the application of tolerances from allowing
specific numbers of defective fruit to percentages of defective fruit;
revise the size sections to give industry greater flexibility in
marketing and packaging new varieties of fruit; and, delete references
to a visual aid which is no longer available. The Agricultural
Marketing Service (AMS), in cooperation with industry, and other
interested parties develops and improves standards of quality,
condition, quantity, grade and packaging in order to facilitate
commerce by providing buyers, sellers, and quality assurance personnel
uniform language and criteria for describing various levels of quality
and condition as valued in the marketplace.
DATES: Comments must be postmarked or courier dated on or before April
24, 1995.
ADDRESSES: Interested parties are invited to submit written comments
concerning this proposal. Comments must be sent to the Standardization
Section, Fresh Products Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Division,
Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O.
Box 96456, Room 2056 South Building, Washington, DC 20090-6456.
Comments should make reference to the date and page number of this
issue of the Federal Register and will be made available for public
inspection in the above office during regular business hours.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Frank O'Sullivan, at the above address
or call (202) 720-2185.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The U.S. Department of Agriculture is
issuing this proposed rule in conformance with Executive Order 12866.
Pursuant to the requirements set forth in the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et. seq.), the Administrator of the
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has determined that this action
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities. This proposed rule for the revision of U.S. Standards
for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida
Oranges and Tangelos, and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida
Tangerines will not impose substantial direct economic cost,
recordkeeping, or personnel workload changes on small entities, and
will not alter the market share or competitive position of these
entities relative to large businesses. In addition, under the
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, the use of these standards is
voluntary.
This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12778,
Civil Justice Reform. This action is not intended to have retroactive
effect. This proposed rule will not preempt any State or local laws,
regulations, or policies, unless they present an irreconcilable
conflict with this rule. There are no administrative procedures which
must be exhausted prior to any judicial challenge to the provisions of
the rule.
Agencies periodically review existing regulations. An objective of
the review is to ensure that the grade standards are serving their
intended purpose, the language is clear, and the standards are
consistent with AMS policy and authority.
The United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, the
United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and
the United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines were last
revised in December 1980. The Florida Citrus Packers (FCP), which
represents the majority of citrus growers and packers in Florida, have
requested that the standards be revised in order to bring them into
conformity with current cultural, harvesting and marketing practices.
The FCP contends that due to new improved varieties, that changes to
the current standards are necessary.
The main purpose of the proposal is set forth in order to bring the
standards into conformity with current harvesting and marketing
practices. In addition, the standards have been reviewed for need,
clarity, and effectiveness as part of a periodic review. Accordingly,
we propose to amend the regulations as discussed below.
Presently, in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit,
U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and U.S.
Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines, the U.S Fancy, U.S. No. 1,
and U.S. No. 2 grades are required to be ``free from'' bruises, and the
U.S. No. 3 grade is required to be ``free from very serious damage.''
``Free from'' being any amount of bruising would be scored against the
U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades. However, it would have to
be ``free from very serious damage'' to be scored against the U.S. No.
3 grade. There currently is no definition of very serious damage by
bruising in the standards, and this may create confusion in the
marketplace. Therefore, it is proposed to delete ``free from'' bruises
and add ``free from injury,'' ``free from damage,'' and, ``free from
serious damage'' to the U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades,
respectively (``free from very serious damage'' will remain as it is
currently in the U.S. No. 3 grade). The terms will be defined in the
``classification of defects'' section. The definitions for injury,
damage, and serious damage by bruising are the same due to the severity
of the defect, thereby, bruising will be scored as serious damage when
``segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are
ruptured,'' and scored as very serious damage when ``fruit is split
open, peel is badly watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are
ruptured causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 3/4
inch at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when
affecting more than one area on the fruit.''
Currently, in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit,
and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, the U.S.
Fancy, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 3 grades are required to be
``free from cuts not healed.'' It is proposed to delete this
requirement, and add the requirement ``free from unhealed skin breaks''
to the above grades. This will encompass all types of fresh skin breaks
no matter what the cause, and will create uniformity among the three
standards.
It is proposed to delete the ``growth crack'' requirements from the
U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 3 grades of Florida
Grapefruit, and Florida Oranges and Tangelos. Any unhealed growth crack
would be treated as an ``unhealed skin break,'' and any amount would be
scored. Healed growth cracks would be considered as a ``scar'' and
scored based on the scar definitions in the ``classification of
defects'' section. [[Page 9991]] This will also create more uniformity
among the three standards.
The U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1 Golden, and, U.S. No. 2 Bright
grades were added to the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida
Tangerines in order to give industry more flexibility in the marketing
of tangerines and to create uniformity (the other standards already
have these grades included).
All of the grades in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida
Grapefruit, U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos,
and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines were put in the
same order for the purposes of uniformity and ease of use. Also, grades
which previously referenced ``Tables'' for the allowable number of
defective fruit would be changed to percentages.
Currently, in the U.S. No. 1 Bronze grades there is a requirement
that ``all fruit must show some discoloration.'' In application, this
means, that if one fruit did not have any discoloration on it at all,
the whole load and/or lot would not meet a U.S. No. 1 Bronze grade.
This requirement is too restrictive because one fruit with no
discoloration puts a load and/or lot of citrus out of grade. Therefore,
it is proposed that ``all fruit must show some discoloration'' be
deleted from the requirements of U.S. No. 1 Bronze grades. However, at
least 30 percent of the fruit shall have one-third of its surface
affected by discoloration, predominately rust mite type, is still part
of the requirements for a U.S. No. 1 Bronze grade.
The definition of ``poorly colored'' was moved from the
requirements of the U.S. No. 3 grade in the U.S. Standards for Grades
of Florida Grapefruit, and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges
and Tangelos to the ``definition'' section to create greater uniformity
and consistency among the Florida citrus standards.
The unclassified designations would be eliminated in each standard
because it is not a grade and only serves to show that no grade has
been applied to the lot. Since this designation is rarely used and may
create some confusion in the marketplace, it should be discontinued.
It is proposed that the tolerances for defects and discoloration be
determined based on percentages rather than a specific number of
defective fruit, in order to create greater ease of use within the
marketplace. Currently, if applicants do not have a copy of the
standards with the table specifying the number of fruit permitted in a
load and/or lot, they will not know if a load and/or lot of citrus
meets a specified grade. Therefore, these percentages will create a
more common trading language, and greater uniformity due to the fact
that most of our current standards are based on a percentage of defects
rather than number of defective fruit permitted. Also, separate
tolerances for shipping point and en route or at destination are
included to allow for more defects of a progressive nature, consistent
with perishability.
The current standards contain tables specifying the total number of
fruit permitted in individual samples. However, it is proposed that the
tolerances be changed from specific number of defective fruit to
percentages of defective fruit, thereby eliminating the existing
tables. Therefore, it is proposed that an ``Application of Tolerances''
section be inserted in each of the regulations to provide percentage
limitations of defective fruit in individual samples. This is done to
create clarity and consistency among other U.S. standards.
The FCP requested that the ``Size'' sections of the standards be
revised to allow greater flexibility in the packing of numerous
varieties of fruit in various types and sizes of containers. It is
proposed that the ``size'' section be revised as follows: ``fruits
shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in containers
according to approved and recognized methods; fairly uniform in size
means that not more than 9 percent of the grapefruit, 10 percent of the
oranges, tangelos, or tangerines, per sample may vary more than one-
half inch in diameter; and, in order to allow for variations incident
to proper sizing, not more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot
may fail to meet the requirements of size.'' ``Approved and recognized
methods'' means that the fruit size will be determined at shipping
point using specific pack patterns in a standard 4/5 bushel container,
and that containers shall be well filled. Well filled being when at
least one-half of the top layer fruit is not more than one-half inch
below the top or two inches above the top of the container. Each sample
would be allowed three grapefruit or five oranges, tangelos, and
tangerines to vary more than one-half inch in diameter within a sample
and still meet fairly uniform in size, provided that the entire lot
averages not more than ten percent. If the lot does not meet these
requirements it would fail to meet the size requirements, however, it
could still meet the grade requirements as these are separate.
Definitions for ``well colored,'' ``fairly well colored,''
``slightly colored,'' ``reasonably well colored,'' and ``poorly
colored'' would be revised to include ``color characteristic for the
variety'' in order to allow more flexibility in marketing varieties of
fruit with different colors.
In the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, the
definitions for ``smooth texture,'' ``fairly smooth texture,'' and
``slightly rough texture'' would be revised to include definitions for
thickness of skin. In the past there was confusion as to what was
considered thin skin, fairly thin skin, and slightly thick skin,
however, with definitions for these terms the confusion would be
alleviated.
The definitions for ``green spots'' in the ``classification of
defects'' section are proposed to be aggregate areas instead of number
of spots. ``Green spots'' are currently too restrictive, in that they
allow not more than 10 spots for damage, and not more than 25 spots for
serious damage, regardless of the size of the fruit. All of the other
defects in the standards vary with the size of the fruit, larger areas
allowed on larger fruit and smaller areas allowed on smaller fruit,
therefore, this is too stringent. It is proposed to determine ``green
spots'' based on an aggregate area; aggregate area being, clustering
the spots into the area specified for the grade and commodity. If the
``green spots,'' when clustered together are outside of the specified
area it will be scored as a defect, keeping in mind that larger areas
are allowed on larger fruit and smaller areas on smaller fruit. For
example, ``green spots'' on a 4\1/8\ inch diameter grapefruit, if they
were clustered into a circle of more than \3/4\ inches, the ``green
spots'' would be considered damaged.
The definitions for ``oil spotting'' and ``skin breakdown'' in the
``classification of defects'' sections in all standards are being
revised. The ``oil spotting'' would be changed by deleting the number
of spots affected, which is thought to be too restrictive for perfectly
edible fruit; and, increasing the aggregate area allowed, in order to
bring the definitions into conformity with other citrus standards. The
definitions for ``skin breakdown'' would be revised to bring them more
in line with ``oil spotting,'' as it is often difficult to distinguish
between ``oil spotting'' and ``skin breakdown'' in its early stages.
Due to the similarity in defects caused by hail, thorn scratches,
and scars, it is proposed that the definitions in the ``classification
of defects'' sections be revised to score them all on the same basis as
``scars.'' Although they will still be described as ``hail,'' ``thorn
scratches,'' or ``scars,'' they will all be scored on the same basis.
In the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, because
sprouted seeds undermine the quality of fruit regardless of whether the
sprouts are green or not, the ``sprouting'' definitions
[[Page 9992]] in the ``classification of defects'' section would be
revised by deleting reference to ``green'' sprouts and revising the
allowable lengths for sprouts. However, the FCP suggests that the
sprouted seeds should have an allowable length before scoring them.
Therefore, it is proposed that: ``not more than six seeds have sprouts
of more than \1/4\ inch in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts
over \3/4\ inch in length'' for damage; ``not more than six seeds have
sprouts of more than \1/2\ inch in length, or more than 3 seeds with
sprouts over 1 inch in length'' for serious damage; and, ``not more
than six seeds have sprouts more than \3/4\ inch in length, or more
than 3 seeds with sprouts over 1\1/4\ inch in length'' for very serious
damage.
The ``Note'' at the end of the ``classification of defects''
section references the size of the fruit in which to apply the
aggregate area or length of defects. Currently it references a specific
size fruit. However, due to the change in the ``size'' section, the
specific size referenced would no longer be applicable. Therefore, it
is proposed that the basis for scoring defects shall be based on a
fruit with a specific diameter measurement; 4\1/8\ inches in diameter
for grapefruit, 2\7/8\ inches in diameter for oranges and tangelos, and
2\1/2\ inches in diameter for tangerines.
Finally, the sections that reference the visual aid would be
deleted because changes in some of the definition of defects which
would make certain parts of the visual aid obsolete and because the
visual aids are no longer available.
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 51
Agricultural commodities, Food grades and standards, Fruits, Nuts,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Vegetables.
PART 51--[AMENDED]
For reasons set forth in the preamble, it is proposed that 7 CFR
part 51 be amended as follows:
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR Part 51 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624.
2. In Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida
Grapefruit is revised to read as follows:
Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit
Grades
Sec.
51.750 U.S. Fancy.
51.751 U.S. No. 1 Bright.
51.752 U.S. No. 1.
51.753 U.S. No. 1 Golden.
51.754 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
51.755 U.S. No. 1 Russet.
51.756 U.S. No. 2 Bright.
51.757 U.S. No. 2.
51.758 U.S. No. 2 Russet.
51.759 U.S. No. 3.
Tolerances
51.760 Tolerances.
Application of Tolerances
51.761 Application of tolerances.
Sample for Grade Determination
51.762 Sample for grade determination.
Size
51.763 Size.
Definitions
51.764 Similar varietal characteristics.
51.765 Well colored.
51.766 Firm.
51.767 Well formed.
51.768 Mature.
51.769 Smooth texture.
51.770 Injury.
51.771 Discoloration.
51.772 Fairly well colored.
51.773 Fairly smooth texture.
51.774 Damage.
51.775 Fairly firm.
51.776 Slightly misshapen.
51.777 Slightly rough texture.
51.778 Serious damage.
51.779 Slightly colored.
51.780 Poorly colored.
51.781 Misshapen.
51.782 Slightly spongy.
51.783 Very serious damage.
51.784 Diameter.
51.785 Classification of defects.
Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit
Grades
Sec. 51.750 U.S. Fancy.
``U.S. Fancy'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.
(See Sec. 51.771.);
(2) Firm;
(3) Mature;
(4) Similar varietal characteristics;
(5) Smooth texture;
(6) Well colored; and,
(7) Well formed.
(b) Free from:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Buckskin;
(3) Caked melanose;
(4) Decay;
(5) Scab;
(6) Sprayburn;
(7) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(8) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from injury caused by:
(1) Bruises;
(2) Green spots;
(3) Oil spots;
(4) Scale;
(5) Scars;
(6) Skin breakdown; and,
(7) Thorn scratches.
(d) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Dirt or other foreign material;
(2) Disease;
(3) Dryness or mushy condition;
(4) Hail;
(5) Insects;
(6) Sprouting;
(7) Sunburn; and,
(8) Other means.
(e) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.751 U.S. No. 1 Bright.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in
the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see
Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.752 U.S. No. 1.
``U.S. No. 1'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.
(See Sec. 51.771.);
(2) Fairly smooth texture;
(3) Fairly well colored;
(4) Firm;
(5) Mature;
(6) Similar varietal characteristics; and,
(7) Well formed.
(b) Free from:
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Caked melanose;
(5) Dirt or other foreign material;
(6) Disease;
(7) Dryness or mushy condition;
(8) Green spots;
(9) Hail;
(10) Insects;
(11) Oil spots;
(12) Scab;
(13) Scale;
(14) Scars;
(15) Skin breakdown;
(16) Sprayburn;
(17) Sprouting;
(18) Sunburn;
(19) Thorn scratches; and,
(20) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.753 U.S. No. 1 Golden.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have
more than one-third [[Page 9993]] of their surface, in the aggregate,
affected by discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.754 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each of these fruits
shall be of rust mite type. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.755 U.S. No. 1 Russet.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type
of discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.756 U.S. No. 2 Bright.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in
the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see
Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.757 U.S. No. 2.
``U.S. No. 2'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.
(See Sec. 51.771.)
(2) Fairly firm;
(3) Mature;
(4) Similar varietal characteristics;
(5) Slightly colored;
(6) Not more than slightly misshapen; and,
(7) Not more than slightly rough texture.
(b) Free from:
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from serious damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Caked melanose;
(5) Dirt or other foreign material;
(6) Disease;
(7) Dryness or mushy condition;
(8) Green spots;
(9) Hail;
(10) Insects;
(11) Oil spots;
(12) Scab;
(13) Scale;
(14) Scars;
(15) Skin breakdown;
(16) Sprayburn;
(17) Sprouting;
(18) Sunburn;
(19) Thorn scratches; and,
(20) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.758 U.S. No. 2 Russet.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2
except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-
half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of
discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.
Sec. 51.759 U.S. No. 3.
``U.S. No. 3'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Mature;
(2) Misshapen;
(3) Poorly colored;
(4) Rough texture, not seriously bumpy;
(5) Similar varietal characteristics; and,
(6) Slightly spongy.
(b) Free from:
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Caked melanose;
(5) Disease;
(6) Dryness or mushy condition;
(7) Hail;
(8) Insects;
(9) Oil spotting;
(10) Scab;
(11) Scale;
(12) Scars;
(13) Skin breakdown;
(14) Sprayburn;
(15) Sprouting;
(16) Sunburn; and,
(17) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.
Tolerances
Sec. 51.760 Tolerances.
In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and
handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by
count, are provided as specified:
(a) Defects.
(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden,
U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2,
and U.S. No. 2 Russet.
(i) For defects at shipping point1. Not more than 10 percent
of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the
specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5
percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage,
including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or
wormy fruit.
\1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart,
means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or
at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the
case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the
port of entry into the United States.
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(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the
specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than
the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including
therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent
defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
(2) U.S. No. 3.
(i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade:
Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be
for decay or wormy fruit.
(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade:
Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following
percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
(b) Discoloration.
(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No.
2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet
the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade.
No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within percentage specified.
(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall
have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate,
affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be
allowed to increase this percentage. No sample may have more than 40
percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration: And provided
further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.
(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent
of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the
[[Page 9994]] surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and
no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No
sample may have less than 20 percent of the fruit with required
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within the percentage specified.
(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have
in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce
this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within the percentage specified.
Application of Tolerances
Sec. 51.761 Application of tolerances.
Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless
otherwise specified in Sec. 51.760. Individual samples shall have not
more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance of 10 percent or
more, and not more than double a specified tolerance less than 10
percent: Provided, that at least one decayed or wormy fruit may be
permitted in any package: And provided further, that the averages for
the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.
Sample for Grade Determination
Sec. 51.762 Sample for grade determination.
Each sample shall consist of 33 fruit. When individual packages
contain at least 33 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when
individual packages contain less than 33 fruit, a sufficient number of
adjoining packages are opened to form a 33 fruit sample.
Size
Sec. 51.763 Size.
(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in
containers according to approved and recognized methods.
(b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 9 percent
of the grapefruit per sample may vary more than one-half inch in
diameter.
(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not
more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the
requirements of size.
Definitions
Sec. 51.764 Similar varietal characteristics.
Similar varietal characteristics means that the fruits in any
container are similar in color and shape.
Sec. 51.765 Well colored.
Well colored means that the fruit has characteristic color for the
variety with practically no trace of green color.
Sec. 51.766 Firm.
Firm means that the fruit is not soft, or noticeably wilted or
flabby, and the skin is not spongy or puffy.
Sec. 51.767 Well formed.
Well formed means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of
the variety.
Sec. 51.768 Mature.
Mature shall have the same meaning currently assigned the term in
Secs. 601.16, 601.17, and 601.18 of the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as
amended (chs. 28090 and 29760, Laws of Florida, 1953 and 1955), or as
the definition of such term may hereafter be amended.
Sec. 51.769 Smooth texture.
Smooth texture means that the skin is thin and smooth for the
variety and size of the fruit. ``Thin'' means that the skin thickness
does not average more than \3/8\ inch (9.5 mm), on a central cross
section, on grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm) in diameter, allowing
proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on
smaller fruit.
Sec. 51.770 Injury.
Injury means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785, Table I;
or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any
other defect, or any combination of defects, which slightly detracts
from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.
Sec. 51.771 Discoloration.
Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown
caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration
caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may
be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a
lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck-type melanose or
other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater
extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed in the grade.
Sec. 51.772 Fairly well colored.
Fairly well colored means that except for an aggregate area of
green color which does not exceed the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm)
in diameter, the characteristic color predominates over the green
color.
Sec. 51.773 Fairly smooth texture.
Fairly smooth texture means that the skin is fairly thin and not
coarse for the variety and size of the fruit. ``Fairly thin'' means
that the skin thickness does not average more than \1/2\ inch (12.7
mm), on a grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm), allowing proportionately
greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.
Sec. 51.774 Damage.
Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785 Table I;
or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any
other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts
from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.
Sec. 51.775 Fairly firm.
Fairly firm means that the fruit may be slightly soft, but not
bruised, and the skin is not spongy or puffy.
Sec. 51.776 Slightly misshapen.
Slightly misshapen means that the fruit has fairly good shape
characteristic of the variety and is not more than slightly elongated
or pointed or otherwise deformed.
Sec. 51.777 Slightly rough texture.
Slightly rough texture means that the skin may be slightly thick
but not excessively thick, materially ridged or grooved. ``Slightly
thick'' means that the skin thickness does not average more than \5/8\
inch (15.9 mm), on a central cross section, on a grapefruit 4\1/8\
inches (104.8 mm), allowing proportionately greater areas on larger
fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.
Sec. 51.778 Serious damage.
Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785,
Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these
defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which
seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing
quality of the fruit.
Sec. 51.779 Slightly colored.
Slightly colored means that except for an aggregate area of green
color which does not exceed the area of a circle 2 inches (50.8 mm) in
diameter, the fruit surface shows some characteristic color.
Sec. 51.780 Poorly colored.
Poorly colored means that not more than 25 percent of the surface
may be of a solid dark green color.
Sec. 51.781 Misshapen.
Misshapen means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed, or
flatsided.
Sec. 51.782 Slightly spongy.
Slightly spongy means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted
but not flabby.
Sec. 51.783 Very serious damage.
Very serious damage means any specific defect in Sec. 51.785, Table
I; or an [[Page 9995]] equally objectionable variation of any one of
these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which
very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing
quality of the fruit.
Sec. 51.784 Diameter.
Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a
line from stem to blossom end.
Sec. 51.785 Classification of defects.
Table I
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ammoniation.......... ..................... Not occurring as Scars are cracked or Aggregating more
light speck type. dark and aggregating than 25 percent of
more than a circle 1 the surface.
inch (25.4 mm) in
diameter.
Bruises.............. Segment walls are Segment walls are Segment walls are Fruit is split open,
collapsed, or rag is collapsed, or rag is collapsed, or rag is peel is badly
ruptured and juice ruptured and juice ruptured and juice watersoaked, or rag
sacs are ruptured. sacs are ruptured. sacs are ruptured. is ruptured and
juice sacs are
ruptured causing a
mushy condition
affecting all
segments more than
\3/4\ inch (19.1
mm) at bruised area
or the equivalent
of this amount, by
volume, when
affecting more than
one area on the
fruit.
Buckskin............. ..................... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle 1\1/4\ 25 percent of the than 50 percent of
inches (31.8 mm) in surface.. the surface
diameter.
Caked melanose....... ..................... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle \3/4\ inch a circle 1 inch than 25 percent of
(19.1mm) in diameter. (25.4 mm) in the surface.
diameter.
Dryness or mushy ..................... Affecting all Affecting all Affecting all
condition. segments more than segments more than segments more than
\1/4\ inch (6.4 mm) \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm) \3/4\ inch (19.1
at stem end, or the at stem end, or the mm) at stem end, or
equivalent of this equivalent of this the equivalent of
amount, by volume, amount, by volume, this amount, by
when occurring in when occurring in volume, when
other portions of other portions of occurring in other
the fruit. the fruit. portions of the
fruit.
Green spots.......... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle \1/2\ inch a circle \3/4\ inch a circle 1 inch than \1/3\ of the
(12.7 mm) in (19.1 mm) in (25.4 mm) in surface, caused by
diameter, caused by diameter, caused by diameter, caused by scale.
scale. scale. scale.
Oil spots............ Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle \1/2\ inch a circle 1 inch a circle 1\1/2\ than \1/3\ of the
(12.7 mm) in (25.4 mm) in inches (38.1 mm) in surface
diameter. diameter. diameter.
Scab................. ..................... Materially detracts Seriously detracts Aggregating more
from the shape or from the shape or than 25 percent of
texture, or texture, or the surface.
aggregating more aggregating more
than a circle \3/4\ than a circle \7/8\
inch (19.1 mm) in inch (22.2 mm) in
diameter. diameter.
Scale................ More than a few Blotch aggregating Blotch aggregating Aggregating more
adjacent to the more than a circle more than a circle 1 than 25 percent of
``button'' at the \3/4\ inch (19.1 mm) inch (25.4 mm) in the surface.
stem end, or more in diameter, or diameter, or
than 6 scattered on occurring as a ring occurring as a ring
other portions of more than a circle more than a circle
the fruit. 1\1/4\ inches (31.8 1\1/2\ inches (38.1
mm) in diameter. mm) in diameter.
Scars, Hail, or Thorn Depressed, not Very deep or very Very deep or very Very deep or very
scratches. smooth, or detracts rough aggregating rough aggregating rough or unsightly
from appearance more more than a circle more than a circle 1 that appearance is
than the amount of \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm) inch (25.4 mm) in very seriously
discoloration in diameter; deep or diameter; deep or affected.
permitted in the rough aggregating rough aggregating
grade. more than a circle 1 more than 5 percent
inch (25.4 mm) in of fruit surface;
diameter; slightly slight depth or
rough or of slight slightly rough
depth aggregating aggregating more
more than 10 percent than 15 percent of
of fruit surface. fruit surface.
Skin breakdown....... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle \3/8\ inch a circle \3/4\ inch a circle 1 inch than 25 percent of
(9.5 mm) in diameter. (19.1 mm) in (25.4 mm) in the surface.
diameter. diameter.
[[Page 9996]]
Sprayburn............ ..................... Aggregating more than Hard and aggregating Aggregating more
a circle \3/4\ inch more than a circle than 25 percent of
(19.1 mm) in 1\1/2\ inches (38.1 the surface.
diameter. mm) in diameter.
Sprouting............ ..................... More than six seeds More than six seeds More than six seeds
have sprouts of more have sprouts of more have sprouts of
than \1/4\ inch (6.4 than \1/2\ inch more than \3/4\
mm) in length, or (12.7 mm) in length, inch (19.1 mm) in
more than 3 seeds or more than 3 seeds length, or more
with sprouts over \3/ with sprouts over 1 than 3 seeds with
4\ inch (19.1 mm) in inch (25.4 mm) in sprouts over 1\1/4\
length. length. inches (31.8 mm) in
length.
Sunburn.............. ..................... Skin is flattened, Skin is hard and Aggregating more
dry, darkened, or affects more than than 50 percent of
hard and the one-third of the the surface.
affected area surface.
exceeds 25 percent
of the surface.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: References to area or aggregating area, or length are based on a grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm) in
diameter.
3. Part 51, Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida
Oranges and Tangelos is revised to read as follows:
Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and
Tangelos
General
Sec.
51.1140 General.
Grades
51.1141 U.S.Fancy.
51.1142 U.S.No. 1 Bright.
51.1143 U.S.No. 1.
51.1144 U.S.No. 1 Golden.
51.1145 U.S.No. 1 Bronze.
51.1146 U.S.No. 1 Russet.
51.1147 U.S.No. 2 Bright.
51.1148 U.S.No. 2.
51.1149 U.S.No. 2 Russet.
51.1150 U.S.No. 3.
Tolerances
51.1151 Tolerances.
Application of Tolerances
51.1152 Application of tolerances.
Sample for Grade Determination
51.1153 Sample for grade determination.
Size
51.1154 Size.
Definitions
51.1155 Similar varietal characteristics.
51.1156 Well colored.
51.1157 Firm.
51.1158 Well formed.
51.1159 Mature.
51.1160 Smooth texture.
51.1161 Injury.
51.1162 Discoloration.
51.1163 Fairly smooth texture.
51.1164 Damage.
51.1165 Fairly well colored.
51.1166 Reasonably well colored.
51.1167 Poorly colored.
51.1168 Fairly firm.
51.1169 Slightly misshapen.
51.1170 Slightly rough texture.
51.1171 Serious damage.
51.1172 Misshapen.
51.1173 Slightly spongy.
51.1174 Very serious damage.
51.1175 Diameter.
51.1176 Classification of defects.
Standards for Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis
(L) Osbeck)
51.1177 U.S.Grade AA Juice (Double A).
51.1178 U.S.Grade A Juice.
51.1179 Maximum anhydrous citric permissible for corresponding
total soluble solids.
51.1180 Method of juice extraction.
Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and
Tangelos
General
Sec. 51.1140 General.
The standards contained in this subpart apply only to the common or
sweet orange group and varieties and hybrids of varieties belonging to
the Mandarin group, except tangerines, and to the citrus fruit commonly
known as ``tangelo''--a hybrid between tangerine or mandarin orange
(citrus reticulata) with either the grapefruit or pomelo (C. paradisi
and C. grandis). Separate U.S. standards apply to tangerines. The
standards for internal quality contained in Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180 apply only to common sweet oranges (citrus sinensis (L)
Osbeck).
Grades
Sec. 51.1141 U.S. Fancy.
``U.S. Fancy'' consists of oranges which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.);
(2) Firm;
(3) Mature;
(4) Similar varietal characteristics;
(5) Smooth texture;
(6) Well colored; and,
(7) Well formed.
(b) Free from:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Buckskin;
(3) Caked melanose;
(4) Creasing;
(5) Decay;
(6) Scab;
(7) Split navels;
(8) Sprayburn;
(9) Undeveloped segments;
(10) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(11) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from injury caused by:
(1) Bruises;
(2) Green spots;
(3) Oil spots;
(4) Rough, wide or protruding navels;
(5) Scale;
(6) Scars;
(7) Skin breakdown; and,
(8) Thorn scratches.
(d) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Dirt or other foreign material;
(2) Disease;
(3) Dryness or mushy condition;
(4) Hail;
(5) Insects;
(6) Riciness or woodiness;
(7) Sunburn; and,
(8) Other means.
(e) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(f) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1142 U.S. No. 1 Bright.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that [[Page 9997]] no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its
surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration.
(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1143 U.S. No. 1.
``U.S. No. 1'' consists of oranges which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Color;
(i) Early and midseason varieties shall be fairly well colored.
(ii) For Valencia and other late varieties, not less than 50
percent, by count, shall be fairly well colored and the remainder
reasonably well colored.
(2) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.);
(3) Fairly smooth texture;
(4) Firm;
(5) Mature;
(6) Similar varietal characteristics; and,
(7) Well formed.
(b) Free from:
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Caked melanose;
(5) Creasing;
(6) Dirt or other foreign material;
(7) Disease;
(8) Dryness or mushy condition;
(9) Green spots;
(10) Hail;
(11) Insects;
(12) Oil spots;
(13) Riciness or woodiness;
(14) Scab;
(15) Scale;
(16) Scars;
(17) Skin breakdown;
(18) Split, rough or protruding navels;
(19) Sprayburn;
(20) Sunburn;
(21) Thorn scratches; and,
(22) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(e) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1144 U.S. No. 1 Golden.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have
more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration.
(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1145 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more than
one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each fruit shall be
of rust mite type.
(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1146 U.S. No. 1 Russet.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type
of discoloration.
(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1147 U.S. No. 2 Bright.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in
the aggregate, affected by discoloration.
(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1148 U.S. No. 2.
``U.S. No. 2'' consists of oranges which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.)
(2) Fairly firm;
(3) Mature;
(4) Reasonably well colored;
(5) Similar varietal characteristics;
(6) Not more than slightly misshapen; and,
(7) Not more than slightly rough texture.
(b) Free from:
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from serious damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Caked melanose;
(5) Creasing;
(6) Dirt or other foreign material;
(7) Disease;
(8) Dryness or mushy condition;
(9) Green spots;
(10) Hail;
(11) Insects;
(12) Oil spots;
(13) Riciness or woodiness;
(14) Scab;
(15) Scale;
(16) Scars;
(17) Skin breakdown;
(18) Split, rough or protruding navels;
(19) Sprayburn;
(20) Sunburn;
(21) Thorn scratches; and,
(22) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1149 U.S. No. 2 Russet.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2
except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-
half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of
discoloration.
(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Sec. 51.1150 U.S. No. 3.
``U.S. No. 3'' consists of oranges which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Mature;
(2) Misshapen;
(3) Poorly colored;
(4) Rough texture, not seriously lumpy;
(5) Similar varietal characteristics; and,
(6) Slightly spongy.
(b) Free from: [[Page 9998]]
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Caked melanose;
(5) Creasing;
(6) Disease;
(7) Dryness or mushy condition;
(8) Hail;
(9) Insects;
(10) Riciness or woodiness;
(11) Scab;
(12) Scale;
(13) Scars;
(14) Skin breakdown;
(15) Split navels;
(16) Sprayburn;
(17) Sunburn; and,
(18) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.
(e) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for
``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so
specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through
51.1180.)
Tolerances
Sec. 51.1151 Tolerances.
In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and
handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by
count, are provided as specified:
(a) Defects.
(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden,
U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2,
and U.S. No. 2 Russet grades.
(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not more than 10 percent
of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the
specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5
percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage,
including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or
wormy fruit.
\1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart,
means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or
at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the
case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the
port of entry into the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the
specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than
the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including
therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent
defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
(2) U.S. No. 3.
(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not more than 10 percent
of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade:
Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be
for decay or wormy fruit.
(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade:
Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following
percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
(b) Discoloration.
(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No.
2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet
the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade.
No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within the percentage specified.
(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall
have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, and no
part of any tolerance shall be allowed to increase this percentage. No
sample may have more than 40 percent of the fruit with excessive
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within the percentage specified.
(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent
of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the surface, in the
aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance
shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less
than 20 percent of the fruit with required discoloration: And provided
further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.
(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have
in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce
this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within the percentage specified.
Application of Tolerances
Sec. 51.1152 Application of tolerances.
Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless
otherwise specified in Sec. 51.1151: Provided, that individual samples
shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance
of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance
of less than 10 percent: And provided further, that the averages for
the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.
Sample For Grade Determination
Sec. 51.1153 Sample for grade determination.
Each sample shall consist of 50 fruit. When individual packages
contain at least 50 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when
individual packages contain less than 50 fruit, a sufficient number of
adjoining packages are opened to form a 50 fruit sample.
Size
Sec. 51.1154 Size.
(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in
containers according to approved and recognized methods.
(b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 10 percent
of the oranges per sample may vary more than one-half inch in diameter.
(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not
more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the
requirements of size.
Definitions
Sec. 51.1155 Similar varietal characteristics.
Similar varietal characteristics means that the fruits in any
container are similar in color and shape.
Sec. 51.1156 Well colored.
Well colored as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that
the fruit has characteristic color for the variety with practically no
trace of green color.
Sec. 51.1157 Firm.
Firm as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that the fruit
is not soft, or noticeably wilted or flabby; as applied to oranges of
the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin), ``firm'' means that the
fruit is not extremely puffy, although the skin may be slightly loose.
Sec. 51.1158 Well formed.
Well formed means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of
the variety.
Sec. 51.1159 Mature.
(a) Mature for other than Temple oranges shall have the same
meaning currently assigned that term in section 601.19 and 601.20 of
the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 25149, Laws of
Florida, 1949), or as the [[Page 9999]] definition of such term may
hereafter be amended;
(b) Mature for Temple oranges shall have the same meaning currently
assigned that term in sections 601.21 and 601.22 of the Florida Citrus
Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 26492, Laws of Florida, 1951), or as the
definition of such term may hereafter be amended; and,
(c) Mature for Tangelos shall have the same meaning currently
assigned that term in section 601.231 and 601.232 of the Florida Citrus
Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 29757, Laws of Florida, 1955), or as the
definition of such term may hereafter be amended.
Sec. 51.1160 Smooth texture.
Smooth texture means that the skin is thin and smooth for the
variety and size of the fruit.
Sec. 51.1161 Injury.
Injury means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176, Table
I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects,
any other defect, or any combination of defects which slightly detracts
from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.
Sec. 51.1162 Discoloration.
Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown
caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration
caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may
be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a
lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck type melanose or
other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater
extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed for the
grade.
Sec. 51.1163 Fairly smooth texture.
Fairly smooth texture means that the skin is fairly thin and not
coarse for the variety and size of the fruit.
Sec. 51.1164 Damage.
Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176, Table
I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects,
any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially
detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the
fruit.
Sec. 51.1165 Fairly well colored.
Fairly well colored as applied to common oranges and tangelos means
that except for an aggregate area of green color which does not exceed
the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter, the characteristic
color predominates over the green color.
Sec. 51.1166 Reasonably well colored.
Reasonably well colored as applied to common oranges means that the
characteristic color predominate over the green color on at least two-
thirds of the fruit surface, in the aggregate.
Sec. 51.1167 Poorly colored.
Poorly colored as applied to common oranges means that not more
than 25 percent of the surface may be solid dark green color.
Sec. 51.1168 Fairly firm.
Fairly firm as applied to common oranges and tangelos, means that
the fruit may be slightly soft, but not bruised; as applied to oranges
of the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin), means that the skin
of the fruit is not extremely puffy or extremely loose.
Sec. 51.1169 Slightly misshapen.
Slightly misshapen means that the fruit is not of the shape
characteristic of the variety but is not appreciably elongated or
pointed or otherwise deformed.
Sec. 51.1170 Slightly rough texture.
Slightly rough texture means that the skin is not of smooth texture
but is not materially ridged, grooved, or wrinkled.
Sec. 51.1171 Serious damage.
Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176,
Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these
defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which
seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing
quality of the fruit.
Sec. 51.1172 Misshapen.
Misshapen means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed or
flatsided.
Sec. 51.1173 Slightly spongy.
Slightly spongy means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted
but not flabby.
Sec. 51.1174 Very serious damage.
Very serious damage means any specific defect described in
Sec. 51.1176, Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one
of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects,
which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or
marketing quality of the fruit.
Sec. 51.1175 Diameter.
Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a
line from stem to blossom end.
Sec. 51.1176 Classification of defects.
Table I
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ammoniation.......... ................... Not occurring as Scars are cracked or Aggregating more
light speck type. dark and aggregating than 25 percent of
more than a circle the surface.
\3/4\ inch (19.1 mm)
in diameter.
Bruises.............. Segment walls are Segment walls are Segment walls are Fruit is split open,
collapsed, or rag is collapsed, or rag is collapsed, or rag is peel is badly
ruptured and juice ruptured and juice ruptured and juice watersoaked, or rag
sacs are ruptured. sacs are ruptured. sacs are ruptured. is ruptured and
juice sacs are
ruptured causing a
mushy condition
affecting all
segments more than
\3/4\ inch (19.1
mm) at bruised area
or the equivalent
of this amount, by
volume, when
affecting more than
one area on the
fruit.
[[Page 10000]]
Buckskin............. ................... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle 1 inch 25 percent of the than 50 percent of
(25.4 mm) in surface. the surface.
diameter.
Caked melanose....... ................... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle \5/8\ inch a circle \3/4\ inch than 25 percent of
(15.9 mm) in (19.1 mm) in the surface.
diameter. diameter.
Creasing............. ................... Materially weakens Seriously weakens the Very seriously
the skin, or extends skin, or extends weakens the skin,
over more than one- over more than one- or is distributed
third of the surface. half of the surface. over practically
the entire surface.
Dryness or mushy ................... Affecting all Affecting all Affecting all
condition. segments more than segments more than segments more than
\1/4\ inch (6.4 mm) \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm) \3/4\ inch (19.1
at stem end, or the at stem end, or the mm) at stem end, or
equivalent of this equivalent of this the equivalent of
amount, by volume, amount, by volume, this amount, by
when occurring in when occurring in volume, when
other portions of other portions of occurring in other
the fruit. the fruit. portions of the
fruit.
Green spots.......... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle \3/8\ inch a circle \5/8\ inch a circle \7/8\ inch than \1/3\ of the
(9.5 mm) in (15.9 mm) in (22.2 mm) in surface, caused by
diameter, caused by diameter, caused by diameter, caused by scale.
scale. scale. scale.
Oil spots............ Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle \3/8\ inch a circle \7/8\ inch a circle 1\1/4\ than \1/3\ of the
(9.5 mm) in diameter. (22.2 mm) in inches (31.8 mm) in surface.
diameter. diameter.
Scab................. ................... Materially detracts Seriously detracts Aggregating more
from the shape or from the shape or than 25 percent of
texture, or texture, or the surface.
aggregating more aggregating more
than a circle \5/8\ than a circle \3/4\
inch (15.9 mm) in inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter. diameter.
Scale................ More than a few Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
adjacent to the a circle \5/8\ inch a circle \3/4\ inch than 25 percent of
``button'' at the (15.9 mm) in (19.1 mm) in the surface.
stem end, or more diameter. diameter.
than 6 scattered on
other portions of
the fruit.
Scars, hail, or thorn Depressed, not Deep or rough Deep or rough Deep or rough or
scratches. smooth, or detracts aggregating more aggregating more unsightly that
from appearance more than a circle \1/4\ than a circle \1/2\ appearance is very
than the amount of inch (6.4 mm) in inch (12.7 mm) in seriously affected.
discoloration diameter; slightly diameter; slightly
permitted in the rough with slight rough with depth
grade. depth aggregating aggregating more
more than a circle than a circle 1\1/4\
\7/8\ inch (22.2 mm) inches (31.8 mm) in
in diameter; smooth diameter; smooth or
or fairly smooth fairly smooth with
with slight depth slightly depth
aggregating more aggregating more
than a circle 1\1/4\ than 10 percent of
inches (31.8. mm) in fruit surface.
diameter.
Skin breakdown....... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more
a circle \1/4\ inch a circle \1/2\ inch a circle \7/8\ inch than 25 percent of
(6.4 mm) in diameter. (12.7 mm) in (22.2 mm) in the surface.
diameter. diameter.
Sprayburn............ ................... Aggregating more than Hard and aggregating Aggregating more
a circle \5/8\ inch more than a circle than 25 percent of
(15.9 mm) in 1\1/2\ inches (38.1 the surface
diameter. mm) in diameter.
Split, rough, Split is unhealed, or Split is unhealed, or Split is unhealed, or Split is unhealed or
protruding navels. more than \1/8\ inch more than \1/4\ inch more than \1/2\ inch fruit is seriously
(3.2 mm) in length, (6.4 mm) in length, (12.7 mm) in length, weakened
or navel protrudes or more than three or two or more
beyond the general well healed splits, splits aggregate
contour, and opening or navel protrudes more than 1 inch
is so wide, folded beyond the general (25.4 mm) in length,
and ridged that it contour, and opening or navel protrudes
detracts from the is so wide, folded beyond general
appearance. and ridged that it contour, and opening
detracts from is so wide, folded
appearance. and ridged that it
detracts from
appearance.
Sunburn.............. ................... Skin is flattened, Skin is hard and Aggregating more
dry, darkened, or affects more than than 50 percent of
hard and the one-third of the the surface.
affected area surface.
exceeds 25 percent
of the surface.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: References to area or aggregating area, or length are based on an orange or tangelo 2\7/8\ inches (73.0
mm) in diameter.
[[Page 10001]]
Standards For Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis
(L) Osbeck)
Sec. 51.1177 U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A).
Any lot of oranges, the juice content of which meets the following
requirements, may be designated ``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'':
(a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an average of not less than 5
gallons (18.9 liters) of juice per standard packed box of 1\3/5\
bushels.
(b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not
less than 10 percent total soluble solids, and not less than one-half
of 1 percent anhydrous citric acid, or more than the permissible
maximum acid specified in Table II of Sec. 51.1179.
Sec. 51.1178 U.S. Grade A Juice.
Any lot of oranges, the juice content of which meets the following
requirements, may be designated ``U.S. Grade A Juice'':
(a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an average of not less than
4\1/2\ gallons (17.0 liters) of juice per standard packed box of 1\3/5\
bushels.
(b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not
less than 9 percent total soluble solids, and not less than one-half of
1 percent anhydrous citric acid, or more than the permissible maximum
acid specified in Table II of Sec. 51.1179.
Sec. 51.1179 Maximum anhydrous citric acid permissible for
corresponding total soluble solids.
For determining the grade of juice, the maximum permissible
anhydrous citric acid content in relation to corresponding total
soluble solids in the fruit is set forth in the following Table II
together with the minimum ratio of total soluble solids to anhydrous
citric acid:
Table II
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
Maximum ratio of
anhydrous total
Total soluble solids (average pct) citric acid soluble
(average solids to
pct) anhydrous
citric acid
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.0........................................... 0.947 9.50-1
9.1........................................... .963 9.45-1
9.2........................................... .979 9.40-1
9.3........................................... .995 9.35-1
9.4........................................... 1.011 9.30-1
9.5........................................... 1.027 9.25-1
9.6........................................... 1.043 9.20-1
9.7........................................... 1.060 9.15-1
9.8........................................... 1.077 9.10-1
9.9........................................... 1.094 9.05-1
10.0.......................................... 1.111 9.00-1
10.1.......................................... 1.128 8.95-1
10.2.......................................... 1.146 8.90-1
10.3.......................................... 1.164 8.85-1
10.4.......................................... 1.182 8.80-1
10.5.......................................... 1.200 8.75-1
10.6.......................................... 1.218 8.70-1
10.7.......................................... 1.237 8.65-1
10.8.......................................... 1.256 8.60-1
10.9.......................................... 1.275 8.55-1
11.0.......................................... 1.294 8.50-1
11.1.......................................... 1.306 8.50-1
11.2.......................................... 1.318 8.50-1
11.3.......................................... 1.329 8.50-1
11.4.......................................... 1.341 8.50-1
11.5.......................................... 1.353 8.50-1
11.6.......................................... 1.365 8.50-1
11.7.......................................... 1.376 8.50-1
11.8.......................................... 1.388 8.50-1
11.9.......................................... 1.400 8.50-1
12.0.......................................... 1.412 8.50-1
12.1.......................................... 1.424 8.50-1
12.2.......................................... 1.435 8.50-1
12.3.......................................... 1.447 8.50-1
12.4.......................................... 1.459 8.50-1
12.5.......................................... 1.471 8.50-1
12.6.......................................... 1.482 8.50-1
12.7.......................................... 1.494 8.50-1
12.8.......................................... 1.506 8.50-1
12.9.......................................... 1.517 8.50-1
13.0.......................................... 1.530 8.50-1
13.1.......................................... 1.541 8.50-1
13.2.......................................... 1.553 8.50-1
13.3.......................................... 1.565 8.50-1
13.4.......................................... 1.576 8.50-1
13.5.......................................... 1.588 8.50-1
13.6.......................................... 1.600 8.50-1
13.7.......................................... 1.612 8.50-1
13.8.......................................... 1.624 8.50-1
13.9.......................................... 1.635 8.50-1
14.0.......................................... 1.647 8.50-1
14.1.......................................... 1.659 8.50-1
14.2.......................................... 1.671 8.50-1
14.3.......................................... 1.682 8.50-1
14.4.......................................... 1.694 8.50-1
14.5.......................................... 1.705 8.50-1
14.6.......................................... 1.718 8.50-1
14.7.......................................... 1.729 8.50-1
14.8.......................................... 1.741 8.50-1
14.9.......................................... 1.753 8.50-1
15.0.......................................... 1.765 8.50-1
15.1.......................................... 1.776 8.50-1
15.2.......................................... 1.788 8.50-1
15.3.......................................... 1.800 8.50
15.4.......................................... 1.812 8.50-1
15.5.......................................... 1.824 8.50-1
15.6 or more.................................. 8.50-1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 51.1180 Method of juice extraction.
The juice used in the determining of solids, acids and juice
content shall be extracted from representative samples as thoroughly as
possible with a hand reamer or by such mechanical extractor or
extractors as may be approved. The juice shall be strained through
cheese cloth or other approved straining device of extra fine mesh to
prevent passage of juice cells, pulp, or seeds.
4. Part 51, Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida
Tangerines is revised to read as follows:
Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines
Grades
Sec.
51.1810 U.S. Fancy.
51.1811 U.S. No. 1 Bright.
51.1812 U.S. No. 1.
51.1813 U.S. No. 1 Golden.
51.1814 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
51.1815 U.S. No. 1 Russet.
51.1816 U.S. No. 2 Bright.
51.1817 U.S. No. 2.
51.1818 U.S. No. 2 Russet.
51.1819 U.S. No. 3.
Tolerances
51.1820 Tolerances.
Application of Tolerances
51.1821 Application of tolerances.
Sample for Grade Determination
51.1822 Sample for grade determination.
Size
51.1823 Size.
Definitions
51.1824 Mature.
51.1825 Firm.
51.1826 Well formed.
51.1827 Damage.
51.1828 Highly colored.
51.1829 Discoloration.
51.1830 Well colored.
51.1831 Fairly well colored.
51.1832 Fairly firm.
51.1833 Fairly well formed.
51.1834 Serious damage.
51.1835 Reasonably well colored.
51.1836 Very serious damage.
51.1837 Diameter.
51.1838 Classification of defects.
Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines
Sec. 51.1810 U.S. Fancy.
``U.S. Fancy'' consists of tangerines which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);
(2) Firm;
(3) Highly colored;
(4) Mature; and,
(5) Well formed.
(b) Free from:
(1) Caked melanose;
(2) Decay;
(3) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(4) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Creasing; [[Page 10002]]
(5) Dirt or other foreign material;
(6) Dryness or mushy condition;
(7) Disease;
(8) Green spots;
(9) Hail;
(10) Insects;
(11) Oil spots;
(12) Scab;
(13) Scale;
(14) Scars;
(15) Skin breakdown;
(16) Sprayburn;
(17) Sunburn; and,
(18) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1811 U.S. No. 1 Bright.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in
the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see
Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1812 U.S. No. 1.
``U.S. No. 1'' consists of tangerines which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);
(2) Fairly well colored;
(3) Firm;
(4) Mature; and,
(5) Well formed.
(b) Free from:
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Caked melanose;
(5) Creasing;
(6) Dirt or other foreign material;
(7) Disease;
(8) Dryness or mushy condition;
(9) Green spots;
(10) Hail;
(11) Insects;
(12) Oil spots;
(13) Scab;
(14) Scale;
(15) Scars;
(16) Skin breakdown;
(17) Sprayburn;
(18) Sunburn; and,
(19) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1813 U.S. No. 1 Golden.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have
more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1814 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each fruit shall be
of rust mite type. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1815 U.S. No. 1 Russet.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1
except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more
than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type
of discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1816 U.S. No. 2 Bright.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2
except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in
the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see
Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1817 U.S. No. 2.
``U.S. No. 2'' consists of tangerines which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the
aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);
(2) Fairly firm;
(3) Fairly well formed;
(4) Mature; and,
(5) Reasonably well colored.
(b) Free from:
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from serious damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Buckskin;
(4) Caked melanose;
(5) Creasing;
(6) Dirt or other foreign material;
(7) Disease;
(8) Dryness or mushy condition;
(9) Green spots;
(10) Hail;
(11) Insects;
(12) Oil spots;
(13) Scab;
(14) Scale;
(15) Scars;
(16) Skin breakdown;
(17) Sprayburn;
(18) Sunburn; and,
(19) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1818 U.S. No. 2 Russet.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2
except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-
half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of
discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.
Sec. 51.1819 U.S. No. 3.
``U.S. No. 3'' consists of tangerines which meet the following
requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:
(1) Mature;
(2) Not flabby; and,
(3) Not seriously lumpy.
(b) Free from:
(1) Decay;
(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.
(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;
(2) Bruises;
(3) Caked melanose;
(4) Creasing;
(5) Dirt or other foreign material;
(6) Disease;
(7) Dryness or mushy condition;
(8) Hail;
(9) Insects;
(10) Scab;
(11) Scale;
(12) Scars;
(13) Skin breakdown;
(14) Sprayburn;
(15) Sunburn; and,
(16) Other means.
(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.
Tolerances
Sec. 51.1820 Tolerances.
In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and
handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by
count, are provided as specified:
(a) Defects.
(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden,
U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2,
and U.S. No. 2 Russet grades.
(i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the specified
grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5 percent
shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in
this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
\1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart,
means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or
at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the
case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the
port of entry into the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the
specified grade: [[Page 10003]] Provided, that included in this amount
not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects
listed:
(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including
therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent
defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
(2) U.S. No. 3.
(i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade:
Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be
for decay or wormy fruit.
(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12
percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade:
Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following
percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:
(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,
(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.
(b) Discoloration.
(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No.
2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet
the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade.
No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within the percentage specified.
(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall
have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate,
affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be
allowed to increase this percentage. No sample may have more than 40
percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration: And provided
further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.
(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent
of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the surface, in the
aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance
shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less
than 20 percent of the fruit with required discoloration: And provided
further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.
(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have
in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce
this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within the percentage specified.
Application of Tolerances
Sec. 51.1821 Application of tolerances.
Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless
otherwise specified in Sec. 51.1820: Provided, that individual samples
shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance
of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance
of less than 10 percent: And provided further, that the averages for
the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.
Sample for Grade Determination
Sec. 51.1822 Sample for grade determination.
Each sample shall consist of 50 fruit. When individual packages
contain at least 50 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when
individual packages contain less than 50 fruit, a sufficient number of
adjoining packages are opened to form a 50 fruit sample.
Size
Sec. 51.1823 Size.
(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in
containers according to approved and recognized methods.
(b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 10 percent
of the tangerines per sample may vary more than one-half inch in
diameter.
(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not
more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the
requirements of size.
Definitions
Sec. 51.1824 Mature.
Mature shall have the same meaning currently assigned that term in
sections 601.21 and 601.22 of the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as
amended (ch. 26492, Laws of Florida, 1951) or, as the definition of
such term may hereafter be amended.
Sec. 51.1825 Firm.
Firm means that the flesh is not soft and the fruit is not badly
puffy and that the skin has not become materially separated from the
flesh of the tangerine.
Sec. 51.1826 Well formed.
Well formed means that the fruit has the characteristic tangerine
shape and is not deformed.
Sec. 51.1827 Damage.
Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1838, Table
I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects,
any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially
detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the
fruit.
Sec. 51.1828 Highly colored.
Highly colored means that the ground color of each fruit is a deep
tangerine color, or characteristic color for the variety, with
practically no trace of yellow color.
Sec. 51.1829 Discoloration.
Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown
caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration
caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may
be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a
lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck type melanose or
other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater
extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed in the grade.
Sec. 51.1830 Well colored.
Well colored means that a good yellow or better ground color
predominates over the green color on the entire fruit surface with no
distinct green color present, and that some portion of the surface has
a reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the variety.
Sec. 51.1831 Fairly well colored.
Fairly well colored means that the surface of the fruit may have
green color which does not exceed the aggregate area of a circle 1\1/4\
inches (31.8 mm) in diameter and that the remainder of the surface has
a yellow or better ground color with some portion of the surface
showing reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the
variety.
Sec. 51.1832 Fairly firm.
Fairly firm means that the flesh may be slightly soft but is not
bruised or badly puffy, and that the skin has not become seriously
separated from the flesh of the tangerine.
Sec. 51.1833 Fairly well formed.
Fairly well formed means that the fruit may not have the shape
characteristic of the variety but that it is not badly deformed.
Sec. 51.1834 Serious damage.
Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1838,
Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these
defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which
seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing
quality of the fruit. [[Page 10004]]
Sec. 51.1835 Reasonably well colored.
Reasonably well colored means that a good yellow or reddish
tangerine color shall predominate over the green color on at least one-
half of the fruit surface in the aggregate, and that each fruit shall
show practically no lemon color.
Sec. 51.1836 Very serious damage.
Very serious damage means any specific defect described in
Sec. 51.1838, Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one
of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects,
which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or
marketing quality of the fruit.
Sec. 51.1837 Diameter.
Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a
line from stem to blossom end.
Sec. 51.1838 Classification of defects.
Table I
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Very serious
Factor Damage Serious damage damage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ammoniation...... Not occurring as Scars are Aggregating more
light speck cracked or dark than 25 percent
type, or and aggregating of the surface.
detracts more more than a
than circle \5/8\
discoloration inch (15.9 mm)
permitted in the in diameter.
grade.
Bruises.......... Segment walls are Segment walls Fruit is split
collapsed, or are collapsed, open, peel is
rag is ruptured or rag is badly
and juice sacs ruptured and watersoaked, or
are ruptured. juice sacs are rag is ruptured
ruptured. and juice sacs
are ruptured
causing a mushy
condition
affecting all
segments more
than \1/2\ inch
(12.7 mm) at
bruised area or
the equivalent
of this amount,
by volume, when
affecting more
than one area
on the fruit.
Buckskin......... Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more
than a circle \3/ than 25 percent than 50 percent
4\ inch (19.1 of the surface. of the surface.
mm) in diameter.
Caked melanose... Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more
than a circle \3/ than a circle than 25 percent
8\ inch (9.5 mm) \5/8\ inch of the surface.
in diameter. (15.9 mm) in
diameter.
Creasing......... Materially Seriously Very seriously
weakens the weakens the weakens the
skin, or extends skin, or skin, or is
over more than extends over distributed
one-third of the more than one- over
surface. half of the practically the
surface. entire surface.
Dryness or mushy Affecting all Affecting all Affecting all
condition. segments more segments more segments more
than \1/8\ inch than \1/4\ inch than \1/2\ inch
(3.2 mm) at stem (6.4 mm) at (12.7 mm) at
end, or the stem end, or stem end, or
equivalent of the equivalent the equivalent
this amount, by of this amount, of this amount,
volume, when by volume, when by volume, when
occurring in occurring in occurring in
other portions other portions other portions
of the fruit. of the fruit. of the fruit.
Green spots...... Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more
than a circle \1/ than a circle than 25 percent
2\ inch (12.7 \5/8\ inch of the surface.
mm) in diameter. (15.9 mm) in
diameter.
Oil spots........ Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more
than a circle \1/ than a circle than 25 percent
2\ inch (12.7 \3/4\ inch of the surface.
mm) in diameter. (19.1 mm) in
diameter.
Scab............. Materially Seriously Aggregating more
detracts from detracts from than 25 percent
the shape or the shape or of the surface.
texture, or texture, or
aggregating more aggregating
than a circle \3/ more than a
8\ inch (9.5 mm) circle \5/8\
in diameter. inch (15.9 mm)
in diameter.
Scale............ Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more
than a circle \3/ than a circle than 25 percent
8\ inch (9.5 mm) \5/8\ inch of the surface.
in diameter. (15.9 mm) in
diameter.
Scars, Hail, and Deep or rough Deep or rough Deep or rough or
Thorn scratches. aggregating more aggregating unsightly that
than a circle \1/ more than a appearance is
4\ inch (6.4 mm) circle \1/2\ very seriously
in diameter; inch (12.7 mm) affected.
slightly rough in diameter;
with slight slightly rough
depth with slight
aggregating more depth
than a circle \3/ aggregating
4\ inch (19.1 more than a
mm) in diameter; circle 1\1/8\
smooth or fairly inches (28.6
smooth with mm) in
slight depth diameter;
aggregating more smooth or
than a circle fairly smooth
1\1/8\ inches with slight
(28.6 mm) in depth
diameter. aggregating
more than 10
percent of
fruit surface.
Skin breakdown... Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more
than a circle \1/ than a circle than 25 percent
2\ inch (12.7 \3/4\ inch of the surface.
mm) in diameter. (19.1 mm) in
diameter.
Sprayburn........ Skin is hard and Skin is hard and Aggregating more
aggregating more aggregating than 25 percent
than a circle \3/ more than a of the surface.
4\ inch (19.1 circle 1\1/4\
mm) in diameter. inches (31.8
mm) in diameter.
Sunburn.......... Skin is Skin is hard and Aggregating more
flattened, dry, affects more than 50 percent
darkened, or than one-third of the surface.
hard and the of the surface.
affected area
exceeds 25
percent of the
surface.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: References to area or aggregate area, or length are based on a
tangerine 2\1/2\ inches in diameter (63.5 mm).
Dated: February 8, 1995.
Lon Hatamiya,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 95-4312 Filed 2-21-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P