[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 14 (Monday, January 23, 1995)]
[Notices]
[Pages 4454-4467]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-1614]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty
Actions; Publication
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of publication.
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SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, an index by
subject matter, and case digests that contain identifying information
about the final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator.
Publication of these indexes and digests is intended to increase the
public's awareness of the Administrator's decisions and orders and to
assist litigants and practitioners in their research and review of
decisions and orders that may have precedential value in a particular
civil penalty action. Publication of the index by order number, as
supplemented by the index by subject matter, ensures that the agency is
in compliance with statutory indexing requirements.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
James S. Dillman, Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation (AGC-400),
Federal Aviation Administration, 701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 925,
Washington, DC 20004: telephone (202) 376-6441.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection
and copying current indexes containing identifying information
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide
identifying information about [[Page 4455]] the decisions and orders
issued by the Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment
authority and the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of
civil penalty actions. 14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G. The FAA maintains an
index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty
actions organized by order number and containing identifying
information about each decision or order. The FAA also maintains a
subject-matter index, and digests organized by order number.
In a notice issued on October 26, 1990, the FAA published these
indexes and digests for all decisions and orders issued by the
Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 FR 45984; October 31,
1990. The FAA announced in that notice that it would publish
supplements to these indexes and digests on a quarterly basis (i.e., in
January, April, July, and October of each year). The FAA announced
further in that notice that only the subject-matter index would be
published cumulatively, and that both the order number index and the
digests would be non-cumulative.
Since that first index was issued on October 26, 1990 (55 FR 45984;
October 31, 1990), the FAA has issued supplementary notices containing
the quarterly indexes of the Administrator's civil penalty decisions as
follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dates of quarter Federal Register publication
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/1/90-12/31/90.......................... 56 FR 44886; 2/6/91.
1/1/91-3/31/91............................ 56 FR 20250; 5/2/91.
4/1/91-6/30/91............................ 56 FR 31984; 7/12/91.
7/1/91-9/30/91............................ 56 FR 51735; 10/15/91.
10/1/91-12/31/91.......................... 57 FR 2299; 1/21/92.
1/1/92-3/31/92............................ 57 FR 12359; 4/9/92.
4/1/92-6/30/92............................ 57 FR 32825; 7/23/92.
7/1/92-9/30/92............................ 57 FR 48255; 10/22/92.
10/1/92-12/31/92.......................... 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.
1/1/93-3/31/93............................ 58 FR 21199; 4/19/93.
4/1/93-6/30/93............................ 58 FR 42120; 8/6/93.
7/1/93-9/30/93............................ 58 FR 58218; 10/29/93.
10/1/93-12/31/93.......................... 59 FR 5466; 2/4/94.
1/1/94-3/31/94............................ 59 FR 22196; 4/29/94.
4/1/94-6/30/94............................ 59 FR 39618; 8/3/94.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Due to administrative oversight, the third quarter index for 1994,
including information pertaining to the decisions and orders issued by
the Administrator between July 1 and September 30, 1994, was not
prepared and published. As a consequence, the information regarding the
third quarter's decisions and orders, as well as the fourth quarter's
decisions and orders, will be included in this publication of the
index.
In the notice published on January 19, 1993, the Administrator
announced that for the convenience of the users of these indexes, the
order number index published at the end of the year would reflect all
of the civil penalty decisions for that year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93. The
order number indexes for the first, second, and third quarters would be
noncumulative. Consequently, this publication includes the cumulative
order number index for all decisions and orders issued during 1994.
The Administrator's final decisions and orders, indexes, and
digests are available for public inspection and copying at all FAA
legal offices. (The addresses of the FAA legal offices are listed at
the end of this notice.)
Also, the Administrator's decisions and orders have been published
by commercial publishers and are available on computer databases.
(Information about these commercial publications and computer databases
is provided at the end of this notice.)
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator
Order Number Index
(This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the
Administrator from July 1, 1994 to December 31, 1994.)
94-1 Delta Airlines
2/18/94 CP90**0022
94-2 Mary Woodhouse
3/10/94 CP92WP0059
94-3 Valley Air Services
3/10/94 CP91NE0236
94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental
3/10/94 CP93NM0031
94-5 Meritt A. Grant
3/10/94 CP92SO0471
94-6 Raymond B. Strohl
3/10/94 CP93GL0046
94-7 Eric W. Hereth
3/10/94 CP92WP0444
94-8 Raul Nunez
3/10/94 CP92SO0028
94-9 B&G Instruments
3/29/94 CP93SO0028
94-10 John G. Boyle
3/29/94 CP93SO0060
94-11 Pan American Airways
4/21/94 CP89WP0229, CP89SO0232, CP89SO0239, CP89SO0240
94-12 David Bartusiak
4/28/94 CP93WP0042
94-13 John G. Boyle
5/19/94 CP93SO0060
94-14 B&G Instruments
6/9/94 CP93SO0028
94-15 Anthony Columna
6/15/94 CP94SO0002
94-16 Martha Phyllis Ford
6/15/94 CP93SO0244
94-17 TCI Corp.
6/22/94 88-25(HM)
94-18 Phyllis Jones Luxemburg
6/22/94 CP93SO0105
94-19 Pony Express Courier Corp.
6/22/94 89-4 (HM)
94-20 Conquest Helicopters
6/22/94 CP92NM0500
94-21 Mark L. Sweeney
6/22/94 CP91NM0430
94-22 Jimmy Lee Harkins
6/22/94 CP93AL0214
94-23 Ezequiel Perez
6/27/94 CP93SO0374
94-24 Todd M. Page
6/29/94 CP92NM0486
94-25 Janet Myers
8/23/94 CP94SW0053
94-26 French Aircraft Agency
8/24/94 CP92SO0482
94-27 Michael R. Larsen
9/30/94 CP93NM0024
94-28 Toyota Motor Sales
9/30/94 CP93SO0269
94-29 Robert Sutton
9/30/94 CP93EA0370
94-30 Anthony Columna
9/30/94 CP93SO0002
94-31 Scott Smalling
10/5/94 CP93NM0260
94-32 Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
10/5/94 CP94GL0032
94-33 Trans World Airlines
10/13/94 CP90GL0085, CP90CE0110, CP90CE0114, CP90CE0134
94-34 American International Airways
11/29/94 CP93EA0051
94-35 American International Airways
11/29/94 CP93WP0296
94-36 American International Airways
11/29/94 CP93GL0053
94-37 Ray Houston
12/9/94 (no docket number)
94-38 Lee Philip Bohan
12/9/94 CP93SO0092
94-39 Boris Kirola
12/9/94 CP94EU0048, CP94EU0051
94-40 Polynesian Airways
12/9/94 CP91WP0455
94-41 Dewey E. Tower
12/16/94 CP93CE00389, CP93CE0390, CP93CE0391
94-42 Francis Taylor
12/16/94 CP94GL0086
94-43 Ezequiel G. Perez
12/20/94 CP93SO0374
94-44 American Airlines
12/20/94 CP93SO0286
[[Page 4456]]
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator--Subject Matter Index
[Current as of December 31, 1994]
Administrative Law Judges--Power
and Authority:
Continuance of hearing......... 91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.
Credibility findings........... 90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-4 Northwest
Aircraft Rental.
Default Judgment............... 91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall Airlines; 94-8 Nunez; 94-22
Harkins; 94-28 Toyota.
Discovery...................... 89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-46
Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
Expert Testimony............... 94-21 Sweeney.
Granting extensions of time.... 90-27 Gabbert.
Hearing location............... 92-50 Cullop.
Hearing request................ 93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston.
Initial Decision............... 92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.
Jurisdiction................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.
After order assessing civil 94-37 Houston.
penalty.
After complaint withdrawn.. 94-39 Kirola.
Motion for Decision............ 92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11 Merkley.
Notice of Hearing.............. 92-31 Eaddy.
Sanction....................... 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22 Harkins; 94-28
Toyota.
Vacating initial decision...... 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill.
Agency Attorney.................... 93-13 Medel.
Air Carrier:
Agent/independent contractor of 92-70 USAir.
Careless or Reckless........... 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Employee................... 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Aircraft Maintenance............... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 93-36 & 94-
3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan.
After certificate revocation... 92-73 Wyatt.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)... 94-38 Bohan.
Aircraft Records:
Aircraft Operation............. 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Maintenance Records............ 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.
``Yellow tags''................ 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Aircraft-Weight and Balance (See
Weight and Balance)
Airmen:
Pilots......................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-17
Metcalf.
Altitude deviation............. 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Careless or Reckless........... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 92-47
Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-29 Sweeney.
Flight time limitations........ 93-11 Merkley.
Follow ATC Instruction......... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Low Flight..................... 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
See and Avoid.................. 93-29 Sweeney.
Air Operations Area (AOA):
Air Carrier:
Responsibilities........... 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Airport Operator:
Responsibilities........... 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport
Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
[Airport Operator].
Badge Display.............. 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines.
Definition of.............. 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport
Operator].
Exclusive Areas............ 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport
Operator].
Airport Security Program (ASP):
Compliance with............ 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta
Air Lines.
Airports:
Airport Operator:
Responsibilities........... 90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport
Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
[Airport Operator].
Air Traffic Control (ATC):
Error as mitigating factor..... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.
Error as exonerating factor.... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.
Ground Control................. 91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Local Control.................. 91-12 Terry & Menne.
Tapes & Transcripts............ 91-92 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shrimp.
Airworthiness...................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 & 92-70
USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse.
Amicus Curiae Briefs............... 90-25 Gabbert.
Answer:
[[Page 4457]]
Timeliness of answer........... 90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76
Safety Equipment; 94-5 Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 94-43 Perez.
What constitutes............... 92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck.
Appeals (See also Timeliness;
Mailing Rule):
Briefs, Generally.............. 89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 93-24
Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl; 94-23 Perez.
Additional Appeal Brief........ 92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28 Strohl; 94-4 Northwest
Aircraft; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton.
Appellate arguments............ 92-70 USAir.
Court of Appeals, appeal to
(See Federal Courts)
``Good Cause'' for Late-Filed 90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-24 Esau; 91-48
Brief or Notice of Appeal. Wendt; 9150 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 92-41
Moore & Sabre Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57 Detroit Metro Wayne Co.
Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-31 Allen.
Appeal dismissed as moot after 92-9 Griffin.
complaint withdrawn.
Motion to Vacate construed as a 91-11 Continental Airlines.
brief.
Perfecting an Appeal........... 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23 Perez.
Extension of Time for (good 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-32 Bargen; 91-50
cause for). Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez.
Failure to................. 89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-35 P Adams;
90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43, 91-44, 91-46 &
91-47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-18 Bargen; 92-34
Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines Co; 92-45
O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-
78 TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 93-31 Allen; 93-34
Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24 Page;
94-26 French Aircraft; 94-34 American International Airways; 94-35
American International Airways; 94-36 American International Airways.
What Constitutes........... 90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39
Beck; 93-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23 Perez; 94-30 Columna.
Service of brief
Failure to serve other 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.
party.
Timeliness of Notice of 90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69 McCabe; 93-27
Appeal. Simmons.
Withdrawal of.............. 89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5 Sussman; 90-6
Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-9 Van Zandt; 90-13 O'Dell; 90-14
Miller; 90-28 Puleo; 90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-
40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-5 Jones; 91-6
Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton; 91-15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19
Bayer; 91-21 Britt Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental
Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28 Continental
Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35 M. Graham; 91-36 Howard; 91-37
Vereen; 91-39 America West; 91-42 Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56
Mayhan; 91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-2 Koller; 92-
4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12 Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-
21 Cronberg; 92-22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air Lines; 92-
33 Port of Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson; 92-43 Delta; 92-44 Owens;
92-53 Humble; 92-54 & 92-55 Northwest Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61
Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63 Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 Delta AirLines; 92-
66 Sabre Associates & Moore; 92-79 Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-
4 Harrah; 93-14 Fenske; 93-15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22
Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation; 94-9 B&G
Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan American Airways; 94-13 Boyle; 94-14
B&G Instruments; 94-16 Ford; 94-33 Trans World Airlines; 94-41 Dewey
Towner; 94-42 Taylor.
``Attempt''................ 89-5 Schultz.
Attorney Conduct: Obstreperous or 94-39 Kirola.
Disruptive.
Attorney Fees (See EAJA).
Aviation Safety Reporting System... 90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Balloon (Hot Air).................. 94-2 Woodhouse.
Bankruptcy......................... 91-2 Continental Airlines.
Certificates and Authorizations: 92-73 Wyatt.
Surrender when revoked.
Civil Air Security National 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
Airport: Inspection Program Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
(CASNAIP).
Civil Penalty Amount (See
Sanction).
Closing Argument (See Final Oral
Argument).
Collateral Estoppel................ 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Complaint:
Complainant Bound By........... 90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.
[[Page 4458]]
No Timely Answer to. (See
Answer).
Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction 94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Timeliness of complaint........ 91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.
Withdrawal of.................. 94-39 Kirola.
Compliance & Enforcement Program:
(FAA Order No. 2150.3A)........ 89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5 Delta Air Lines.
Sanction Guidance Table........ 89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-3
Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines.
Concealment of Weapons............. 89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.
Consolidation of Cases............. 90-12, 90-18, & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Continuance of Hearing............. 90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.
Corrective Action (See Sanction).
Credibility of Witnesses:
Deference to ALJ............... 90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf.
Expert witnesses (see also 90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf.
Witnesses).
Impeachment.................... 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
De facto answer.................... 92-32 Barnhill.
Deliberative Process Privilege..... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18, & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Deterrence......................... 89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited.
Discovery:
Deliberative Process: Privilege 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Depositions.................... 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Notice of.................. 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Failure to Produce............. 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello.
Of Investigative File in 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Unrelated Case.
Sanctions for.................. 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Due Process:
Before finding a violation..... 90-27 Gabbert.
Violation of................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest
Airlines.
EAJA:
Adversary Adjudication......... 90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI.
Further proceedings............ 91-52 KDS Aviation.
Jurisdiction over appeal....... 92-74 Wendt.
Other expenses................. 93-29 Sweeney.
Prevailing party............... 91-52 KDS Aviation.
Substantial justification...... 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt.
Ex Parte Communications............ 93-10 Costello.
Expert Witnesses (see Witness).
Extension of Time:
By Agreement of Parties........ 89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
Dismissal by Decisionmaker..... 89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.
Good Cause for................. 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.
Objection to................... 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.
Who may grant.................. 90-27 Gabbert.
Federal Courts..................... 92-7 West.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure... 91-17 KDS Aviation.
Final Oral Argument................ 92-3 Park.
Firearms (See Weapons).
Flights............................ 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Freedom of Information Act......... 93-10 Costello.
Guns (See Weapons).
Hazardous Materials Transp. Act.... 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony
Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Civil Penalty.................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Corrective Action.............. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.
Culpability.................... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
First-time violation........... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Gravity of the violation....... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Criminal Penalty............... 92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.
Knowingly...................... 92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.
Informal Conference................ 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
Initial Decision: What constitutes. 92-32 Barnhill.
Interference with crewmembers...... 92-3 Park.
Interlocutory Appeal............... 89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32
Detroit Metropolitan.
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-73 Wyatt.
Jurisdiction:
After initial decision......... 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl.
[[Page 4459]]
After Order Assessing Civil 94-37 Houston.
Penalty.
After withdrawal of complaint.. 94-39.
$50,000 Limit.................. 90-12 Continental Airlines.
EAJA cases..................... 92-74 Wendt.
HazMat cases................... 92-76 Safety Equipment.
NTSB........................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
Knowledge (See also Weapons 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
Violations): Of concealed weapon.
Laches (See Unreasonable Delay).
Mailing Rule....................... 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart.
Overnight express delivery..... 89-6 American Airlines.
Maintenance (See Aircraft
Maintenance).
Maintenance Instruction............ 93-36 Valley Air.
Maintenance Manual................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See
Aircraft Maintenance).
Mootness: Appeal dismissed as moot. 92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.
National Aviation Safety Inspection 90-16 Rocky Mountain.
Program (NASIP).
National Transportation Safety 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Board Administrator not bound by
NTSB case law.
Lack of jurisdiction........... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74 Wendt.
Notice of Hearing: Receipt......... 92-31 Eaddy.
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:
Initiates Action............... 91-9 Continental Airlines.
Signature of agency attorney... 93-12 Langton.
Withrawal of................... 90-17 Wilson.
Operate............................ 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Oral Argument:
Decision to hold............... 92-16 Wendt.
Instructions for............... 92-27 Wendt.
Order Assessing Civl Penalty:
Appeal from.................... 82-1 Costello.
Withdrawal of.................. 89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir.
Parts Manufacturer Approval: 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Failure to obtain.
Passenger Misconduct............... 92-3 Park.
Smoking........................ 92-37 Giuffrida.
Penalty (See Sanction).
Person......................... 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Proof & Evidence:
Affirmative Defense............ 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida.
Burden of Proof................ 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis, 91-30 Trujillo; 92-13 Delta Air Lines;
92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney.
Circumstantial Evidence........ 90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29 Sweeney.
Credibility (See Administrative
Law Judges; Credibility of
Witnesses).
Criminal standard rejected..... 91-12 Terry & Menne.
Closing Arguments.............. 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Hearsay........................ 92-72 Giuffrida.
Preponderance of evidence...... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-12 & 91-31
Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida.
Presumption that message on ATC 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
tape is received as
transmitted.
Presumption that a gun is 90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.
deadly or dangerous.
Substantial evidence........... 92-72 Giuffrida.
Pro Se Parties:
Special Considerations......... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz.
Prosecutorial Discretion........... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38 Continental Airlines; 91-41
[Airport Operator]; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 Wyatt.
Reconsideration:
Denied by ALJ.................. 89-4 & 90-3 Metz.
Granted by AL.................. 92-32 Barnhill.
Stay of Order Pending.......... 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
[[Page 4460]]
Remand............................. 89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24 Bayer; 91-51 Hagwood;
91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1 Costello; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-37
Houston.
Repair Station..................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-2 Woodhouse.
Request for Hearing................ 94-37 Houston.
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13,
Subpart G):
Applicability of............... 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation.
Challenges to.................. 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest
Airlines.
Effect of Changes in........... 90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
Initiation of Action........... 91-9 Continental Airlines.
Runway incursions.................. 92-40 Wendt, 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Sanction:
Ability to Pay................. 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited;
92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-
Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 93-10 Costello; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 94-
20 Conquest Helicopters.
Agency Policy:
ALJ Bound by............... 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Statements of (e.g., FAA 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest
Order 2150.3A, Sanction Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Guidance Table, memoranda
pertaining to).
Corrective Action.............. 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport
Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 94-28 Toyota.
Discovery (See Discovery).
Factors to consider............ 89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18
[Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-
10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28 Toyota.
First-Time Offenders........... 89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.
HazMat (See Hazardous Materials
Transp. Act).
Inexperience................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited.
Maximum........................ 90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.
Modified....................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38 Esau; 92-10 Flight
Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-32 Barnhill.
Partial Dismissal of Complaint/ 94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Full Sanction (also see
Complaint).
Pilot Deviation................ 92-8 Watkins.
Test object detection.......... 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Unauthorized access............ 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Weapons violations............. 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-46
Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5 Grant.
Screening of Persons:
Air Carrier--failure to detect 94-44 American Airlines.
weapon Sanction.
Entering Sterile Areas......... 90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.
Separation of Functions............ 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19 Continental
Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38 Continental Airlines; 93-13 Medel.
Service (See also Mailing Rule):
Of NPCP........................ 90-22 USAir.
Of FNPCP....................... 93-13 Medel.
Valid Service.................. 92-18 Bargen.
Settlement......................... 91-50 & 92-1 Costello.
Smoking............................ 92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.
Standard Security Program (SSP): 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-55
Compliance with. Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Stay of Orders..................... 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
Strict Liability................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Test Object Detection.............. 90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta Air
Lines.
Proof of violation............. 90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta Air Lines.
Sanction....................... 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Timeliness (See also Complaint;
Mailing Rule; and Appeals):
Of response to NPCP............ 90-22 USAir.
Of complaint................... 91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.
Of NPCP........................ 92-73 Wyatt.
Of request for hearing......... 93-12 Langton.
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Manufacturer Approval).
Unauthorized Access:
To Aircraft.................... 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
[[Page 4461]]
To Air Operations Area (AOA)... 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Unreasonable Delay In Initiating 90-21 Carroll.
Action.
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, 92-40 Wendt.
Adequacy of.
Weapons Violations................. 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-
26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller;
92-32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson;
94-5 Grant; 94-44 American Airlines.
Concealment (See Concealment).
Deadly or Dangerous............ 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.
First-time Offenders........... 89-5 Schultz.
Intent to commit violation..... 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis;
91-53 Koller.
Knowledge: Of Weapon 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
Concealment (See also
Knowledge).
Sanction (See ``Sanction'')....
Weight and Balance................. 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Witnesses:
Absence of, Failure to subpoena 92-3 Park.
Expert testimony (see also 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney.
Credibility), Evaluation of.
Regulations (Title 14 CFR, unless Otherwise Noted)
1.1 (maintenance).................. 94-38 Bohan.
1.1 (operate)...................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
1.1 (person)....................... 93-18 Westair Commuter.
13.16.............................. 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 90-38 & 91-9
Continental Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-1
Costello; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen;
94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling.
13.201............................. 90-12 Continental Airlines.
13.202............................. 90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.
13.203............................. 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
13.204............................. ...........................................................................
13.205............................. 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-32
Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 94-39 Kirola.
13.206............................. ...........................................................................
13.207............................. 94-39 Kirola.
13.208............................. 90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-13
Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 H.
13.209............................. 90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47
Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-
22 Harkins; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna.
13.210............................. 92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-7 Dunn; 93-28
Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna.
13.211............................. 89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird
Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1 Costello; 92-9 Griffin; 92-18
Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne County Airport; 92-74
Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt; 94-5 Grant; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-
29 Sutton.
13.212............................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental Airlines.
13.213 ...........................................................................
13.214............................. 91-3 Lewis.
13.215............................. 93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.
13.216 ...........................................................................
13.217............................. 91-17 KDS Aviation.
13.218............................. 89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 92-9
Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen.
13.219............................. 89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines;
93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metro. Wayne Airport.
13.220............................. 89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-
17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
13.221............................. 92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.
13.222............................. 92-72 Giuffrida.
13.223............................. 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida.
13.224............................. 90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg;
94-28 Toyota.
13.225 ...........................................................................
13.226 ...........................................................................
3.227.............................. 90-21 Carroll.
13.228............................. 92-3 Park.
13.229 ...........................................................................
13.230............................. 92-19 Cornwall.
13.231............................. 92-3 Park.
[[Page 4462]]
13.232............................. 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18 Bargen; 92-32
Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota.
13.233............................. 89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner; 89-8 Thunderbird
Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-19 Continental
Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-19
Continental Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis;
91-7 Pardue; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11
Continental Airlines; 91-12 Bergen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-31
Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91-43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-46 Delta;
91-47 Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53 Koller; 92-1 Costello;
92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18
Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-27 Wendt; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35
Bay Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-
52 Beck; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co.
Airport; 92-67 USAir; 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74 Wendt; 92-78
TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-19
Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen;
93-32 Nunez; 94-9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-15
Columna; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French Aircraft;
94-28 Toyota.
13.234............................. 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90-38 Continental
Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator].
13.235............................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-15 Playter;
90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.
Part 14............................ 92-74 & 93-2 Wendt.
14.01.............................. 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.
14.04.............................. 91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello.
14.05.............................. 90-17 Wilson.
14.20.............................. 91-52 KDS Aviation.
14.22.............................. 93-29 Sweeney.
14.26.............................. 91-52 KDS Aviation.
21.303............................. 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
25.855............................. 92-37 Giuffrida.
39.3............................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
43.3............................... 92-73 Wyatt.
43.9............................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
43.13.............................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan.
43.15.............................. 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.
65.15.............................. 92-73 Wyatt.
65.92.............................. 92-73 Wyatt.
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90)......... 92-3 Park.
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90)......... 90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-
48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9
Wendt; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-29 Sutton.
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90)......... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest
Aircraft Rental.
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90)....... 91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90)....... 91-29 Sweeney.
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90)....... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-49 Richardson &
Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90)....... 90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90)....... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)...... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
91.703............................. 94-29 Sutton.
107.1.............................. 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
58 [Airport Operator].
107.13............................. 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport
Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
[Airport Operator].
107.20............................. 90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.
107.21............................. 89-5 Schultz, 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43
Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39 Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-30 Trujillo;
91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-
Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling.
107.25............................. 94-30 Columna.
108.5.............................. 90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air
Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1
Delta Air Lines; 94-44 American Airlines.
108.7.............................. 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
108.11............................. 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis, 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 94-44
American Airlines.
108.13............................. 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
121.133............................ 90-18 Continental Airlines.
121.153............................ 92-48 & 92-70 USAir.
121.317............................ 92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.
121.318............................ 92-37 Giuffrida.
121.367............................ 90-12 Continental Airlines.
121.571............................ 92-37 Giuffrida.
135.5.............................. 94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
135.25............................. 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air.
135.63............................. 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
135.87............................. 90-21 Carroll.
135.185............................ 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
135.413............................ 94-3 Valley Air.
[[Page 4463]]
135.421............................ 93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air.
135.437(b)......................... 94-3 Valley Air.
145.53............................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
145.57............................. 94-2 Woodhouse.
145.61............................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
191................................ 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
298.1.............................. 92-10 Flight Unlimited.
302.8.............................. 90-22 USAir.
49 CFR
1.47............................... 92-76 Safety Equipment.
171.2.............................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
171.8.............................. 92-77 TCI.
172.101............................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.200............................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.
172.202............................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.203............................ 94-28 Toyota.
172.204............................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.300............................ 94-31 Smalling.
172.301............................ 94-31 Smalling.
172.304............................ 92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.
172.400............................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.402............................ 94-28 Toyota.
172.406............................ 92-77 TCI.
173.1.............................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
173.3.............................. 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
173.6.............................. 94-28 Toyota.
173.22(a).......................... 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
173.24............................. 94-28 Toyota.
173.25............................. 94-28 Toyota.
173.27............................. 92-77 TCI.
173.115............................ 92-77 TCI.
173.240............................ 92-77 TCI.
173.243............................ 94-28 Toyota.
173.260............................ 94-28 Toyota.
173.266............................ 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
175.25............................. 94-31 Smalling.
821.30............................. 92-73 Wyatt.
821.33............................. 90-21 Carroll.
STATUTES
5 U.S.C.
504................................ 90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 & 93-9 Wendt; 93-29
Sweeney; 94-17 TCI.
552................................ 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10 Costello.
554................................ 90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll.
556................................ 90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
557................................ 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 94-28 Toyota.
11 U.S.C.
362................................ 91-2 Continental Airlines.
28 U.S.C.
2412............................... 93-10 Costello.
2462............................... 90-21 Carroll.
49 U.S.C. App.
1301(31) (operate)................. 93-18 Westair Commuter.
(32) (person).................. 93-18 Westair Commuter.
1356............................... 90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.
1357............................... 90-18, 90-19&91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
[Airport Operator].
1421............................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt.
1429............................... 92-73 Wyatt.
1471............................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19
Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-
37 Northwest Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis;
91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-10 Flight
Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety
Equipment; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
1475............................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-19 & 91-1
Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 94-40
Polynesian Airways.
1486............................... 90-21 Carroll.
1809............................... 92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
[[Page 4464]]
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator
Digests
(From July 1 to December 31, 1994)
The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from July 1, 1994 to
December 31, 1994.
These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other
interested persons should always consult the full text of the
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.
In the Matter of Janet Myers
Order No. 94-25 (8/23/94)
Appeal Dismissed. Respondent failed to perfect her appeal by filing
an appeal brief, and has failed to show good cause for this failure.
Respondent's appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of French Aircraft Agency
Order No. 94-26 (8/24/94)
Appeal Dismissed. Respondent failed to perfect its appeal by filing
an appeal brief, and has failed to show good cause for this failure.
Respondent's appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of Michael R. Larsen
Order No. 94-27 (9/30/94)
Motion To Dismiss the Hearing Request. Complainant properly filed a
motion to dismiss Respondent's hearing request for untimeliness,
instead of a complaint, under the Rules of Practice. The law judge
erred in finding that Complainant had no jurisdictional basis for
filing the motion to dismiss the hearing request. The general
applicability section of the Rules of Practice should be interpreted in
the context of the entire subpart.
In the Matter of Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc.
Order No. 94-28 (9/30/94)
Civil Penalty Increased. In this hazardous materials case involving
air shipment of acid-filled batteries, the law judge committed several
errors in his analysis that led him to impose a sanction that was too
low. The penalty is increased from $10,000 to $50,000.
Standard for ALJ Reduction of Civil Penalty. Complainant argued in
its brief that law judges should reduce the proposed civil penalty only
if clear and compelling mitigating circumstances, not made known to
Complainant prior to the hearing, exist. This argument is rejected.
Under the Rules of Practice, the agency attorney bears the burden of
proving the agency's case, including the appropriate amount of the
civil penalty. When sanction is an issue, the law judge is expected to
give a reasoned explanation of the amount of civil penalty selected,
whether or not the penalty is reduced.
Corrective Action. Respondent's decision to stop shipping batteries
did not constitute corrective action justifying a lower civil penalty.
The type of corrective action that warrants a significant reduction in
the civil penalty is action to ensure that hazardous materials will be
handled by the respondent in compliance with the regulations in the
future--e.g., sending employees to hazardous materials training.
In the Matter of Robert Lee Sutton
Order No. 94-29 (9/30/94)
Failure To File Answer. Respondent raises the possibility that he
may have been misled in his discussions with the agency attorney. If
communications between Respondent and the agency attorney led
Respondent reasonably, but incorrectly, to believe that submitting a
settlement proposal was a valid substitute for filing an answer, then
in the interest of fairness, good cause may be found and Respondent
should be permitted to file an answer. Complainant is directed to
provide an additional brief addressing whether Respondent may have been
misled by Complainant's words or actions.
In the Matter of Anthony F. Columna
Order No. 94-30 (9/30/94)
Good Cause To Excuse Late Filing of Answer. A statement in the law
judge's notice of hearing may have inadvertently misled Respondent,
causing him to believe that he could mail his answer after the deadline
as long as he provided some explanation for doing so. Good cause has
been shown. The order canceling the hearing and assessing the $1,000
civil penalty is vacated, and the case is remanded to the law judge for
a hearing.
In the Matter of Scott H. Smalling
Order No. 94-31 (10/5/94)
``Knowing'' Violation of Hazardous Materials Law. Respondent argues
that he could not have violated the hazardous materials regulations
``knowingly,'' within the meaning of the Hazardous Materials
Transportation Act, because he did not know that the firecrackers in
his baggage were hazardous materials and that what he did was wrong.
Congress intended to prevent individuals from relying on ignorance of
the law as an excuse in civil hazardous materials cases. In this
context--a civil case in which specific intent to violate the
regulations need not be shown--lack of knowledge of the law is
irrelevant. The law judge's decision assessing a $1,250 civil penalty
is affirmed.
In the Matter of Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
Order No. 94-32 (10/5/94)
Interlocutory Appeal Premature. Complainant appealed from actions
contemplated by the law judge in an order to show cause. However, none
of the possible actions mentioned by the law judge in the order to show
cause have yet occurred. Complainant's interlocutory appeal of right is
not ripe for review and is dismissed.
Obstreperous or Disruptive Behavior. The meager record to date in
this case--two written responses to discovery orders--does not
demonstrate conduct by agency counsel that appears to rise to the level
of obstreperous or disruptive behavior.
In the Matter of Trans World Airlines, Inc.
Order No. 94-33 (10/13/94)
Appeal Dismissed. Complainant withdrew its notice of appeal, and as
a result, its appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of American International Airways d/b/a Connie Kalitta
Services
Order No. 94-34 (11/29/94)
Dismissal of Appeal. Respondent failed to perfect its appeal by
filing an appeal brief as required by 14 CFR 13.233(c). Respondent's
appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of American International Airways d/b/a Connie Kalitta
Services
Order No. 94-35 (11/29/94)
Dismissal of Appeal. Respondent failed to perfect its appeal by
filing an appeal brief as required by 14 CFR 13.233(c). Respondent's
appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of American International Airways d/b/a Connie Kalitta
Services
Order No. 94-36 (11/29/94)
Dismissal of Appeal. Respondent failed to perfect its appeal by
filing an appeal brief as required by 14 CFR [[Page 4465]] 13.233(c).
Respondent's appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of Ray Houston
Order No. 94-37 (12/9/94)
Request for Hearing. Respondent is the principal officer of Johnson
County Aerial Services. Civil penalty action was taken against
Respondent and against Johnson County Aerial Services. Respondent did
not send a request for hearing with the case number assigned to his
case. An order assessing civil penalty was issued by Complainant.
Respondent did send a request for hearing that he signed, using the
case number assigned to the Johnson County Aerial Services case.
Respondent wrote to the law judge, requesting that his case be
consolidated with the Johnson County Aerial Services case. He explained
that he intended the request for hearing to serve as a request for
hearing in both cases. The law judge forwarded Respondent's request to
the FAA Decisionmaker.
The matter is remanded to the law judge to determine whether it was
reasonable for Respondent to think that the request for hearing that he
submitted was a request in both cases, and if so, whether the request
for hearing was timely in Respondent's case or whether there is good
cause to excuse the untimeliness of the request for hearing.
Jurisdiction of Law Judges. The agency attorney argues that an
untimely request for hearing and the issuance of an order assessing
civil penalty divest the law judge and the Administrator of
jurisdiction. The law judge has jurisdiction to determine whether a
request for hearing was late-filed, and therefore, whether the agency
attorney issued an order assessing civil penalty in accordance with 14
CFR 13.16(b)(2).
In the Matter of Lee Philip Bohan
Order No. 94-38 (12/9/94)
Minimum Equipment List (MEL). At the time of the incident giving
rise to this case, the Delta Boeing 737 MEL specifically permitted the
deferral of maintenance of a broken forward observer seat. In contrast,
the MEL at the time made no mention of equipment associated with the
forward observer seat, such as the oxygen mask. The Delta Boeing 737
MEL was later amended to specifically permit deferral of the forward
observer seat and its associated equipment. Prior to the incident, the
FAA had informed Delta that the MEL at that time did not permit
deferral of maintenance of broken equipment associated with the forward
observer seat.
A comparison of the Delta MEL in effect on the day of the incident,
which did not expressly defer associated equipment, and the subsequent
MEL, which did permit deferral of associated equipment, supports the
law judge's findings that the former MEL did not authorize deferral.
Moreover, assuming for this decision only that Respondent had the
authority to interpret a MEL provision as meaning more than its plain
language, Respondent should have realized that this MEL provision did
not include the oxygen mask and should have checked further before
deferring maintenance on the oxygen mask.
Maintenance. Respondent, a maintenance coordinator in Atlanta,
argued that he did not perform maintenance, as that term is used in 14
CFR 43.13(a), when he authorized the deferral of maintenance on the
broken forward observer oxygen mask on the aircraft which was then in
Kansas City. It is held that Respondent did perform maintenance because
he authorized the non-repair or non-replacement of the broken oxygen
mask. Respondent performed maintenance contrary to the methods,
techniques, and practices acceptable to the Administrator when he
authorized the non-repair or non-replacement of the broken oxygen mask.
To hold otherwise would be to narrowly restrict Section 43.13(a) to the
mechanic or inspector in physical contact with the aircraft although
the important maintenance decisions, including the decision not to
perform maintenance, are made by supervisors or other officials with
corresponding authority.
In the Matter of Boris Kirola
Order No. 94-39 (12/9/94)
Complainant appealed from the ALJ's order denying reconsideration
of his order finding that the agency attorney and Assistant Chief
Counsel engaged in obstreperous or disruptive behavior. After
Complainant withdrew the complaints giving rise to this case, the law
judge issued the order finding that the agency attorney had engaged in
obstreperous or disruptive behavior by refusing to comply with the law
judge's order to list specific civil penalty amounts for each alleged
violation and for failing to reply to the order to show cause. The law
judge denied reconsideration and found that the Assistant Chief Counsel
also engaged in obstreperous or disruptive behavior for failing to
respond to an order. The next day, the law judge dismissed the cases.
Jurisdiction of ALJ after Withdrawal of Complaints. Once the
complaints were withdrawn, the law judge lacked the authority to issue
the orders. The express sanction for obstreperous or disruptive
behavior under 14 CFR 13.205(b) is for the law judge to bar the
individual from the proceedings. In this case, since the complaints had
been withdrawn, the question of barring the attorneys from the
proceeding was moot.
Administrative law judges in FAA civil penalty actions do not
retain jurisdiction to decide collateral matters after the complaints
have been withdrawn.
Obstreperous or Disruptive Conduct. Finally, agency counsel were
not obstreperous or disruptive. The case had not yet reached the
hearing stage. The law judge's findings of obstreperous and disruptive
behavior were based solely on two written responses by Complainant's
counsel to discovery orders and on the failure of Complainant's counsel
and Assistant Chief Counsel to respond to two orders.
In the Matter of Polynesian Airways, Inc.
Order No. 94-40 (12/9/94)
Weight of Aircraft. Respondent, a Part 135 operator, weighted its
aircraft in August 1898, and brought it to a certificated repair
station to be reweighed in January, 1990. The weight determined by the
1990 weighing was 244 pounds heavier than that from the August 1989
weighing. Respondent's owner testified that he knew that the aircraft
had gained weight and that the August 1989 weighing was no longer
reliable because of the installation of floorboards since August 1989.
However, he testified, he thought the January 1990 weighing seemed
``too heavy.'' During an inspection on August 16, 1990, FAA inspectors
found that Respondent's pilot had used the August 1989 weight to
determine the weight and center of gravity of the aircraft on three
flight for hire. Complainant alleged that Respondent had violated 14
CFR 135.185(a) and 135.63(c). The law judge dismissed the complaint,
finding that Complainant had failed to prove violations of those
regulations. Complainant appealed.
It is held that 14 CFR 135.185(a) does not provide that no person
may operate a multiengine aircraft unless the current empty weight and
center of gravity are calculated from the values established by the
latest or the most recent actual weighing. Section 135.185(a) sets
forth its own definition of the word ``current.'' According to that
regulation, the values from an actual weighing may be used as long as
that weighing occurred within the preceding 36 months. [[Page 4466]]
The day of the flights in question, the empty weight and center of
gravity had been calculated from values established by an actual
weighing that had taken place approximately 12 months earlier. The law
judge's finding that Respondent did not violate 14 CFR 135.185(a) is
affirmed.
Load Manifests. It is held that Respondent violated 14 CFR
135.63(c), which makes the operator responsible for the accuracy of the
load manifest. In meeting the requirements of Section 135.63(c), an
operator cannot use an aircraft weight that he knows is inaccurate,
even when the empty weight was established by an actual weighing done
within the previous 36 months. It is undisputed that if the empty
weight and center of gravity figures are wrong, then all of the
calculations based thereon, such as the weight and balance for a loaded
aircraft, likewise will be wrong.
Equal Protection. There is no merit to Respondent's argument that
it is being treated differently than other similarly situated
certificate holders who have the right to appeal to the National
Transportation Safety Board under the FAA Civil Penalty Assessment Act
of 1992. The provisions of that Act do not apply to violations such as
the ones in this case that occurred prior to August 26, 1992.
Penalty. A $5000 civil penalty, as sought by Complainant is
assessed even though it is found that only 14 CFR 135.63(c) was
violated. A $5000 civil penalty is appropriate in light of the totality
of the circumstances in this case: (1) The serious safety implications
of flying without accurate weight and balance information; (2)
Respondent's continued use of the August 1989 weighing despite the FAA
inspectors efforts to help Respondent to come into compliance; (3)
$5000 is well below the maximum allowable civil penalty.
In the Matter of Dewey E. Towner
Order No. 94-41 (12/16/94)
Withdrawal of Appeal. Complainant withdrew its notice of appeal
from the initial decision. Complainant's appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of Francis Taylor
Order No. 94-42 (12/16/94)
Withdrawal of Appeal. Complainant withdrew its notice of appeal
from the initial decision. Complainant's appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of Ezequiel G. Perez
Order No. 94-43 (12/20/94)
Requirement to File an Answer. The law judge had dismissed
Respondent's request for hearing, finding that Respondent had not filed
an answer. Respondent appealed and explained that he had sent an answer
to the agency counsel in Orlando, Florida.
The Administrator finds that Complainant did not fully respond to
Respondent's statement on appeal that he sent an answer to the agency
attorney in Orlando. Complainant did not state that Respondent's answer
was not received by the agency attorney in Orlando, who initiated the
action. Complainant also did not state that no answer was received by
agency counsel in the FAA Eastern Region, where the action was
transferred for hearing. Agency counsel or the records custodian for
agency counsel's office should have made all statements of fact
pertaining to the non-receipt of Respondent's answer in an affidavit or
declaration. Case is remanded to the law judge with instructions to
hold a hearing on the issue of whether Respondent filed an answer and
if not, whether, in light of Respondent's language difficulties, good
cause exists to excuse the failure to file an answer.
In the Matter of American Airlines
Order No. 94-44 (12/20/94)
Sanction. The law judge found that Respondent had violated 14 CFR
108.5(a)(1) and 108.11(a) by permitting a passenger to board its
aircraft with a loaded gun that remained accessible to the passenger
during flight. Complainant sought a $10,000 civil penalty. The law
judge reduced the civil penalty to $1000 based upon (1) the six-week
delay between the incident and the date on which the FAA notified
Respondent of the incident, and (2) the absence of any evidence
regarding whether Respondent was solely responsible for the operation
of the security screening checkpoint that failed to detect the loaded
gun. On appeal, the Administrator rejects these two factors as valid
grounds for reducing the civil penalty.
A six-week delay by the FAA in notifying an air carrier that an
incident involving one of its passengers is under investigation is less
than desirable but not per se unreasonable. More importantly, nowhere
in the record did Respondent explain what it would have done
differently to investigate this incident or to take corrective action
had Respondent been notified sooner.
The fact that a passenger boarded and flew on Respondent's aircraft
with a loaded gun in his accessible carry-on baggage was a failure by
Respondent to carry out its security program. Respondent does not avoid
its responsibility under its security program by suggesting, without
any evidence to support it, that perhaps the passenger went through a
security screening checkpoint that was operated by another carrier.
A $5000 civil penalty will adequately reflect the seriousness of
the violations committed by Respondent and deter future violations by
Respondent and others.
Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty
Decisions and Orders
In June 1991, as a public service, the FAA began releasing to
commercial publishers the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil
penalty cases. The goal was to make these decisions and orders more
accessible to the public. The Administrator's decisions and orders in
civil penalty cases are now available in the following commercial
publications:
AvLex, published by Aviation Daily, 1156 15th Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20005, (202) 822-4669;
Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, (410) 798-1677;
Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, 50 Broad Street
East, Rochester, NY 14694, (716) 546-1490.
The decisions and orders may be obtained on disk from Aviation
Records, Inc., P.O. Box 172, Battle Ground, WA 98604, (206) 896-0376.
Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main Street, Gruver, TX
79040, (806) 733-2483, is placing the decisions on CD-ROM. Finally, the
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases are
available on the following computer databases: Compuserve; Fedix; and
GENIE.
The FAA has stated previously that publication of the subject-
matter index and the digests may be discontinued once a commercial
reporting service publishes similar information in a timely and
accurate manner. No decision has been made yet on this matter, and for
the time being, the FAA will continue to prepare and publish the
subject-matter index and digests.
FAA Offices
The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are
available for public inspection and copying at the following locations
in FAA headquarters:
FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence
Avenue, SW., Room 924A, [[Page 4467]] Washington, DC 20591; (202) 267-
3641.
These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center
legal offices at the following locations:
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-
7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur, Oklahoma
City, OK 73125; (405) 680-3296.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7),
Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 99513;
(907) 271-5269.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7),
Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building,
Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7),
Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, Fitzgerald
Federal Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-1035.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-
7), Great Lakes Region Headquarters, O'Hare Lake Office Center, 2300
East Devon Avenue, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (708) 294-7108.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-
7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park,
Burlington, MA 01803; (617) 273-7050.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region
(ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 18000 Pacific Highway
South, Seattle, WA 98188; (206) 227-2007.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7),
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA
30337; (404) 305-5200.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7),
Southwest Region Headquarters, 4400 Blue Mound Road, Fort Worth, TX
76193; (817) 624-5707.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7),
Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; (609) 485-7087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region
(AWP-7), Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation Boulevard,
Lawndale, CA 90261; (310) 297-1270.
Issued in Washington, DC on January 17, 1995.
James S. Dillman,
Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.
[FR Doc. 95-1614 Filed 1-20-95; 8:45 am]
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