[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 239 (Wednesday, December 14, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-30367]


[[Page Unknown]]

[Federal Register: December 14, 1994]


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Part III





Department of Agriculture





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Agricultural Marketing Service



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7 CFR Part 201



Federal Seed Act Regulations; Final Rule
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR Part 201

[No. LS-91-010 PR]
RIN 0581-AA52

 

Amendments to Regulations Under the Federal Seed Act

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is revising the 
Federal Seed Act (FSA) regulations by changing the common and botanical 
names of several agricultural and vegetable seeds; adding several kinds 
to the list of agricultural and vegetables seeds subject to the FSA; 
changing germination evaluation descriptions; changing the method of 
fluorescence use in determining pure seed percentages in ryegrasses; 
adding methods for testing coated seed; adding methods for determining 
the presence of fungal endophyte in seeds; and updating the standards 
for certified seed. These changes will result in the adoption of 
scientific names currently recognized by the scientific community and 
provide for the use of common names most widely acceptable in seed 
trade. They will also eliminate potential conflicts between State and 
Federal regulations which could inhibit the interstate movement of 
seeds.

EFFECTIVE DATE: January 13, 1995.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For further information contact James 
P. Triplitt, Chief, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Livestock and 
Seed Division, AMS, USDA, Building 506, BARC-E, Beltsville, Maryland 
20705, telephone 301-504-9430.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This rule has been determined to be not-
significant for purposes of Executive Order 12866 and therefore has not 
been reviewed by OMB.
    This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12778, 
Civil Justice Reform. It is not intended to have a retroactive effect. 
The rule will not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or 
policies unless they present an irreconcilable conflict with this rule. 
There are no administrative procedures which must be exhausted prior to 
judicial challenge to the provision of this rule.
    The Administrator, AMS, has certified that this action will not 
have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities as 
defined in the Regulatory Flexibility Act. Many small entities sell 
seed. However, small entities selling seed must test and label the seed 
to comply with the requirements of state laws. Generally the testing 
requirements of the state laws are similar to those of the FSA. These 
changes will further reconcile State and Federal testing procedures. 
Using similar testing procedures will reduce the burden on small 
entities shipping seed in interstate commerce because the test used for 
intrastate commerce can also be used in interstate commerce. Some 
additional burden might occur concerning small entities shipping kinds 
which are added to those subject to the FSA. However, many small 
entities are likely to benefit because more small entities are 
purchasers of those kinds than sellers. The small entity purchasers 
will benefit from the regulations in that the interstate shipper would 
be required to test and label the kinds before shipping them to the 
purchaser. There will be no effect on the competitive position of small 
entities in relation to larger entities since both will have to comply 
with the same regulations.

Background

Seed Testing and Labeling

    This document updates the FSA regulations pertaining to seed 
testing to eliminate differences between the FSA regulations and the 
Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Testing Seed. 
The Association is made up of State and Federal seed testing agencies. 
Its function is to develop and standardize methods to be used in 
testing seeds. These rules are widely recognized and are used by most 
state and commercial seed laboratories to test seed in the United 
States. In addition, common and scientific names are updated.
    Agricultural and vegetable seeds shipped in interstate commerce 
must comply with the FSA and the regulations issued thereunder. The FSA 
requires seed to be labeled with certain information concerning its 
quality when moving across state lines. Once in a state, seed must 
comply with state laws and regulations. Labeling requirements in State 
and Federal laws are generally very similar so as not to inhibit the 
free movement of seed. Tests used prior to shipment to determine the 
required labeling information, as well as tests used by state seed 
regulatory agencies to check compliance, are generally performed using 
AOSA rules. Tests to assure that seed is in compliance with the FSA are 
performed using methods specified in the FSA regulations. Although the 
testing methods under the FSA regulations and those of AOSA are 
generally very similar, some changes have been made in the AOSA Rules 
For Testing Seed without corresponding changes in the FSA regulations. 
The changes to the AOSA rules were based on scientific research and 
were made with input from AMS. This document amends the FSA seed 
testing regulations so that they are essentially the same as those 
contained in the AOSA rules. This will eliminate the need to perform 
separate tests to assure that seed labeling complies with both Federal 
and State laws. It also facilitates seed trade and reduces cost to the 
seed industry and to seed buyers. These changes reflect improvements in 
seed testing technology and the current standards of usage within the 
industry. The specific changes to the testing rules are discussed under 
``Other Amendments.''

Additional Kinds

    There are presently about a dozen kinds (mostly grasses) which are 
being shipped interstate that are not subject to the FSA. Cooperating 
state seed regulatory agencies have requested that the list of kinds 
subject to the FSA be kept current so that interstate shipments of 
those kinds can be regulated. Occasionally complaints are received on 
these kinds. For that reason these kinds are being added to the 
regulations under the FSA making them subject to Federal law. 
Bluejoint, galletagrass, bottlebrush-squirreltail, green needlegrass, 
kenaf, forage kochia, mountain rye, intermediate ryegrass, northern 
sweetvetch, and basin wildrye are added to the list of agricultural 
seeds subject to the FSA. Dill, sage, and summer savory are added to 
the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA. Standardized test 
methods have been developed for the kinds to be added and they are 
currently covered by AOSA rules and are being regulated by the states. 
Therefore, this addition will result in little cost to the seed 
industry. Being subject to the FSA will require that the seed is 
labeled when shipped in interstate commerce.

Scientific Names

    Changes to Sec. 201.2 update scientific names for the agricultural 
seeds colonial bentgrass, glaucantha bluegrass, Nevada bluegrass, sand 
bluestem, carpetgrass, soft chess, emmer, hard fescue, kudzu, Korean 
lespedeza, striate lespedeza, Japanese millet, pearl millet, bird rape, 
turnip rape, rescuegrass, smilo, sorghum-sudangrass, sudangrass, turf 
timothy, velvetbean, beardless wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, 
pubescent wheatgrass, Siberian wheatgrass, slender wheatgrass, 
streambank wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, and Russian 
wildrye. The scientific names for the vegetable seeds artichoke, 
Chinese cabbage, tronchuda cabbage, water cress, leek, pak-choi, and 
rhubarb are also be updated. The document changes the scientific names 
to those currently recognized by the scientific community and to be in 
agreement with the names used by the USDA Germplasm Resources 
Information Network (GRIN).
    At the request of growers, researchers, and breeders the document 
changes the kind name ``muskmelon'' to ``melon,'' because ``melon'' is 
the more widely recognized name.

Seed Certification Standards

    The rule also updates the FSA regulations pertaining to seed 
certification to eliminate differences with the standards of the 
Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA). This 
Association is made up primarily of State seed certifying agencies. The 
function of AOSCA is to establish minimum standards for genetic purity 
and to standardize seed certification regulations and procedures. State 
seed certifying agencies recognize and follow minimum standards for 
genetic purity established by AOSCA.
    Seed represented as a class of certified seed, as defined in the 
FSA regulations, must meet the minimum genetic certification standards 
for certified classes as provided by the regulations. State seed 
certifying agencies which certify seed pursuant to the standards 
contained in the FSA regulations are members of AOSCA and must also 
maintain minimum AOSCA standards for certifying seed. This document 
changes the FSA regulations pertaining to genetic certification 
standards in order to bring them in conformity with the AOSCA 
standards. The changes to the standards have been reviewed and found to 
be consistent with the requirements under the FSA.

Corrections and Clarifications

    There are a number of technical nonsubstantive corrections and 
clarifications which will also be made. Some of the more important ones 
change ``Consumer and Marketing Service'' to ``Agricultural Marketing 
Service'' and omit the word ``hybrid'' from the name ``sorghum-
sudangrass.'' In Sec. 201.36b the word ``pole'' will be enclosed in 
parentheses. In Sec. 201.36c the word ``garden'' is added to bean to 
show the correct kind name. Section 201.34(d) is changed to add a 
footnote to reflect the effective date which was previously omitted. 
Paragraph (e) of this section is removed to delete partial lists of 
variety names.

Other Amendments

    Changes to Sec. 201.2 redefine the Act to include 7 U.S.C 1551-
1611, update scientific names, and add additional kinds as discussed 
above. Changes also add a definition of coated seed and change the 
definition of certified seed to show the proper reference, Sec. 201.70, 
rather than Sec. 201.79 which does not exist. Section 201.22(c) is 
changed to remove scientific names. Section 201.31 is changed to 
establish germination standards for dill, sage, and summer savory which 
were added to the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA in 
201.2(i) and to reflect the change of the name ``muskmelon'' to 
``melon.''
    Section 201.36c will be changed to separate and alphabetize 
agricultural seeds and vegetable seeds in the table and to change 
``bean'' in the vegetable list to ``garden bean,'' the name recognized 
in Sec. 201.2(i). Section 201.43 is changed to add metric equivalent 
weights and to specify the minimum number of coated seeds to be taken 
during sampling.
    Section 201.46(b) is changed to substitute the word ``comprise'' 
for the incorrect word ``compromise.'' Table 1 will be changed to 
reflect the changes in Sec. 201.2. Scientific names are removed and 
working weights added for those kinds added in that section. In 
addition, several spelling errors are corrected.
    The document changes several sections to add provisions for testing 
coated seed. Specific procedures have been developed to provide for 
uniform methods to test seed coated with products such as those 
designed to improve planting characteristics or to improve seedling 
growth. Section 201.2 adds a definition of coated seed. Section 201.45 
adds comments pertaining to dividing coated seed. Section 201.47 cites 
added instructions for purity analysis of coated seed. Section 201.51b 
establishes purity testing procedures for coated seed. Section 201.52 
is changed to add a new paragraph (b) to establish the amount of seed 
to be examined for a noxious-weed seed test on coated seed. The 
existing Sec. 201.52 becomes paragraph (a).
    Section 201.47a is also changed to clarify that the ``entire 
spikelet'' for rice, browntop millet, and Paspalum spp. is considered 
to be a seed unit; to define a seed unit for galletagrass (a new kind 
which was added in Sec. 201.2); to include side-oats grama and blue 
grama, as kinds for which the Uniform Blowing Procedure is used to 
determine the percentages of pure seed and inert matter; and to clarify 
that fruits with accessory structures of other Chenopodiaceae (fourwing 
saltbush and forage kochia) are to be considered a seed unit.
    Section 201.48 is changed to update seed unit interpretations to be 
consistent with Sec. 201.51, to remove scientific names, and to add 
procedures to determine pure seed of forage kochia which was added to 
the kinds subject to the FSA.
    Section 201.48, Sec. 201.49, and Sec. 201.51a are changed, in part, 
to add tall wheatgrass and western wheatgrass to the list of kinds to 
be tested using the Multiple Unit Procedure. These kinds contain 
multiple florets. The Multiple Unit Procedure provides faster, more 
consistent test results without a loss of accuracy when compared to the 
current, more tedious, hand method.
    Several sections, including some of the changes to Sec. 201.47, 
Sec. 201.48, Sec. 201.49, and Sec. 201.51a add blue grama and side-oats 
grama to the kinds for which the purity percentages are determined by 
using the Uniform Blowing Procedure. The Uniform Blowing Procedure 
provides a method, for determining purity percentages for these kinds, 
which has proven to be faster, more consistent, and just as accurate as 
the hand method.
    Section 201.50 is changed to clarify that wild onion and wild 
garlic bulblets devoid of husks are to be classified as weed seeds if 
not damaged at the basal end and are a specified size. Research has 
shown that these seeds would likely germinate.
    Section 201.51 will update seed units that are considered to be 
inert matter, to include classification of certain seed units of newly 
added kinds, forage kochia and northern sweetvetch, as well as coating 
material.
    Sections 201.56 through 201.56-12 are changed to establish new 
procedures for describing abnormal seedlings of each seed group for use 
in determining germination percentages and to eliminate references to 
outdated photographs. Seedling descriptions which had been developed 
over many years are being completely revised so that consistent, 
current terminology is used to describe abnormal seedlings for all 
kinds. The changes are designed to make the seedling descriptions more 
easily interpreted so that more consistent, accurate test results will 
be achieved. The changes will not result in significant differences in 
the percentages of germination found when compared to tests made under 
the current regulations.
    Section 201.57a is changed to remove and to add new kinds, 
bottlebrush-squirreltail, basin wildrye, galletagrass, mountain rye, 
johnsongrass, and forage kochia to the kinds having dormant seed.
    Section 201.58 is changed to clarify the definition of ``prechill'' 
applicable to Table 2, to make editorial changes in special procedures 
for alyceclover, bahiagrass, beet, and garden bean, and to add special 
procedures for green needlegrass. Changes incorporate more specific 
information on the type of light to be used for ryegrass fluorescence 
tests, add germination procedures for coated seed, and correct common 
and remove scientific names in the section including Table 2. 
Germination test procedures for those kinds added in Secs. 201.2(h) and 
201.2(i) are added and references to outdated photographs of seedlings 
removed. The changes in testing procedures incorporate into the 
regulations the latest research on testing these kinds.
    Section 201.58a is changed to revise the use of the fluorescence 
test for determining the percentages of pure seed and other crop seed 
of annual ryegrass and perennial ryegrass. The changes incorporate 
methods agreed on by AOSA, AASCO, the grass seed industry, and AMS. The 
procedure for determining the percentage of yellow sweetclover in white 
sweetclover is changed from a mottled seed test to a chemical test 
because the chemical test provides a more accurate, consistent result. 
Procedures for the phenol test for wheat, previously cited in AOSA 
Handbook Number 28, are being added and the reference to AOSA Handbook 
Number 28 is being removed so that all information will be contained in 
the regulations removing the need to have a copy of AOSA Handbook 
Number 28. Procedures for conducting a peroxidase test for varietal 
purity of soybean and fluorescence test procedures for determining 
varietal purity of oat are added. These procedures have been in use for 
many years and have proven to be accurate, reliable, and consistent. 
These tests are essential to check the accuracy of variety 
representations.
    Section 201.58d adds established testing procedures for determining 
the percentage of fungal endophyte in seed and plant material growing 
therefrom to the regulations. Some grass seed is being labeled to 
indicate the presence or absence of fungal endophyte. Uniform testing 
procedures have been developed for determining the amount of fungal 
endophyte present.
    Changes to Sec. 201.60 will to remove scientific names, add 
ryegrasses and galletagrass to the list of chaffy kinds, and make 
editorial changes.
    Changes to Sec. 201.61 and Sec. 201.62 correct typographical errors 
in the tolerance table.
    A change to Sec. 201.76 provides for the certification agency to 
grant a variance in the land cropping history in specific circumstances 
where cultural practices have been proven adequate to maintain genetic 
purity. Generally this change would allow for the agency to modify the 
number of years the field must have been free of potential contaminants 
before being planted to a crop under certification. Section 201.76 is 
also changed to update Table 5 and the footnotes to Table 5 to include 
metric equivalents, to update names to be consistent with Sec. 201.2, 
and to make editorial changes and corrections. Standards for chemically 
assisted hybrid barley, buckwheat, and chemically assisted hybrid wheat 
are added. Field standards for classes of mung bean are changed and a 
field standard for hybrid corn added. In addition footnotes are added 
corresponding to those changes in the table.

Summary of Public Comment

    A notice of proposed rulemaking was published in the Federal 
Register on May 17, 1994. A hearing on the proposed rule was held in 
Washington, DC on June 8, 1994. At that time interested parties were 
given an opportunity to present views concerning the proposal. No one 
commented at the hearing. Interested parties were invited to submit 
written comments until July 8, 1994. Fourteen written comments were 
received.
    Five comments supported the proposal. One comment supported the 
change providing for ``melon'' as a common name for Cucumis melo. One 
comment supported the proposal with exception of changes in 
fluorescence calculations for ryegrasses. Three comments supported the 
changes in the fluorescence calculations for ryegrasses. Three comments 
recommended that the word ``weak'' not be used to describe abnormal 
lettuce seedlings. One comment suggested different scientific and/or 
common names for several kinds.
    The provision on the use of the fluorescence test is being adopted 
because there were seven comments supporting the proposal including 
four which specifically mentioned support of the fluorescence proposal. 
Only one comment opposed that provision. Also, failure to adopt the 
fluorescence proposal would cause a conflict between Federal and State 
regulations which could inhibit the interstate movement of ryegrass 
seed.
    As suggested by the three comments, the word ``weak'' was removed 
from the description of abnormal lettuce seedlings.
    The comment on scientific and common names made several 
recommendations. The commenter suggested that in addition to smooth 
brome the common name ``bieberstein brome'' be included for Bromus 
biebersteinii because that name was cited in a reliable reference. No 
other use of that name has been found and we have no indication that 
any seed is being marketed under the name ``bieberstein brome.'' To 
avoid potential confusion the name ``bieberstein brome'' was not added. 
The comment indicated that GRIN now shows the scientific name ``Festuca 
brevipila'' for hard fescue in lieu of Festuca trachphylla. The 
scientific name for hard fescue was changed to ``Festuca brevipila'' as 
recommended. ``Bluebunch wheatgrass'' was recommended as a synonym for 
``beardless wheatgrass'' because the two have the same scientific name. 
``Thickspike wheatgrass'' was recommended as a synonym for ``streambank 
wheatgrass'' because they have the same scientific name. Although these 
kinds have the same scientific name they differ in several 
characteristics. Because these crops are currently being marketed as 
separate kinds, the recommendation was not incorporated into the final 
rule. The comment noted that GRIN shows the common name ``husk tomato'' 
for Physalis philadelphia and the common name ``downy groundcherry'' 
for P. pubescens. P. pubescens has been marketed for many years as 
``husk tomato.'' To change the common name to ``downy groundcherry,'' a 
name which is not used in marketing the kind, would lead to confusion. 
Therefore, the common name ``husk tomato'' was retained for P. 
pubescens.
    In reviewing the common and scientific names as a result of the 
comment, several additional changes were found in the GRIN since the 
original proposal was drafted. Therefore, the following changes in 
scientific names are also included in this rule.
    The scientific names of the following agricultural seeds were 
changed in Sec. 201.2(h): Glaucantha bluegrass; Nevada bluegrass; sand 
bluestem; carpetgrass; bird rape; turnip rape; mountain rye; smilo; 
beardless wheatgrass; pubescent wheatgrass; streambank wheatgrass; and 
western wheatgrass.
    The scientific names of the following vegetable seeds were changed 
in Sec. 201.2(i): Artichokes; Chinese cabbage; water cress; and pak-
choi.
    In reviewing the use of scientific names in the regulations, the 
various tables were easier to use with less information. Therefore, 
most scientific names are being removed from the tables and text of the 
regulations. Scientific names of all kinds subject to the FSA including 
all kinds in the tables are shown along with the common name in 
Sec. 201.2. The common and scientific names of agricultural seeds are 
listed in Sec. 201.2(h) and vegetable seeds listed in Sec. 201.2(i). 
Only scientific names of the kinds shown in Sec. 201.2 are removed from 
other sections of this document.
    This document does not contain new collection of information 
requirements. Sections amended by the rule contain collection of 
information requirements that were previously submitted for review to 
the Director of Management and Budget (OMB) and assigned OMB control 
number 0581-0026 under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C. 
3501 et seq.).

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 201

    Advertising, Agricultural commodities, Imports, Labeling, Reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements, Seeds, Vegetables.

    For reason set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR Part 201 is amended as 
follows:

PART 201--FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATION

    1. The authority citation for part 201 is revised to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1592.

    2. In Sec. 201.2, paragraphs (a), (h), (i), and (ee) are revised 
and paragraph (q) is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.2  Terms defined.

* * * * *
    (a) The Act. The term ``Act'' means the FSA approved August 9, 1939 
(53 Stat. 1275; 7 U.S.C. 1551-1611 as amended);
* * * * *
    (h) Agricultural seeds. The term ``agricultural seeds'' means the 
following kinds of grass, forage, and field crop seeds, that are used 
for seeding purposes in the United States:

Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum Ciferri and Giacom. 
Alfalfa--Medicago sativa L.
Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her.
Alyceclover--Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.
Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum Fluegge
Barley--Hordeum vulgare L.
Barrelclover--Medicago truncatula Gaertn.
Bean, adzuki--Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi
Bean, field--Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Bean, mung--Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek
Beet, field--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.
Bentgrass, colonial--Agrostis capillaris L.
Bentgrass, creeping--Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) 
Farw.
Bentgrass, velvet--Agrostis canina L.
Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon
Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. Aridus Harlan 
and de Wet
Bluegrass, annual--Poa annua L.
Bluegrass, bulbous--Poa bulbosa L.
Bluegrass, Canada--Poa compressa L.
Bluegrass, glaucantha--Poa glauca Vahl
Bluegrass, Kentucky--Poa pratensis L.
Bluegrass, Nevada--Poa secunda J.S. Presl
Bluegrass, rough--Poa trivialis L.
Bluegrass, Texas--Poa arachnifera Torr.
Bluegrass, wood--Poa nemoralis L.
Bluejoint--Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv.
Bluestem, big--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. gerardii
Bluestem, little--Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash
Bluestem, sand--Andropogon hallii Hack.
Bluestem, yellow--Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.
Bottlebrush-squirreltail--Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey
Brome, field--Bromus arvensis  L.
Brome, meadow--Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.
Brome, mountain--Bromus marginatus Steud.
Brome, smooth--Bromus inermis Leyss.
Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
Buffalograss--Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.
Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris L.
Burclover, California--Medicago polymorpha L.
Burclover, spotted--Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.
Burnet, little--Sanguisorba minor Scop.
Buttonclover--Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.
Canarygrass--Phalaris canariensis L.
Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris arundinacea L.
Carpetgrass--Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm.
Castorbean--Ricinus communis L.
Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus L.
Chickpea--Cicer arietinum L.
Clover, alsike--Trifolium hybridum L.
Clover, arrowleaf--Trifolium vesiculosum Savi
Clover, berseem--Trifolium alexandrinum L.
Clover, cluster--Trifolium glomeratum L.
Clover, crimson--Trifolium incarnatum L.
Clover, Kenya--Trifolium semipilosum Fresen.
Clover, ladino--Trifolium repens L.
Clover, lappa--Trifolium lappaceum L.
Clover, large hop--Trifolium campestre Schreb.
Clover, Persian--Trifolium resupinatum L.
Clover, red or
    Red clover, mammoth--Trifolium pratense L.
    Red clover, medium--Trifolium pratense L.
Clover, rose--Trifolium hirtum All.
Clover, small hop or suckling--Trifolium dubium Sibth.
Clover, strawberry--Trifolium fragiferum L.
Clover, sub or subterranean--Trifolium subterraneum L.
Clover, white--Trifolium repens L. (also see Clover, ladino)
Clover--(also see Alyceclover, Burclover, Buttonclover, Sourclover, 
Sweetclover)
Corn, field--Zea mays L.
Corn, pop--Zea mays L.
Cotton--Gossypium spp.
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata
Crambe--Crambe abyssinica R.E. Fries
Crested dogtail--Cynosurus cristatus L.
Crotalaria, lance--Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey.
Crotalaria, showy--Crotalaria spectabilis Roth
Crotalaria, slenderleaf--Crotalaria brevidens Benth. var. intermedia 
(Kotschy) Polh.
Crotalaria, striped or smooth--Crotalaria pallida Ait.
Crotalaria, sunn--Crotalaria juncea L.
Crownvetch--Coronilla varia L.
Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum Poir.
Dichondra--Dichondra repens Forst. and Forst. f.
Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray
Emmer--Triticum dicoccon Schrank
Fescue, chewings--Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.
Fescue, hair--Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.
Fescue, hard--Festuca brevipila Tracey
Fescue, meadow--Festuca pratensis Huds.
Fescue, red--Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra
Fescue, sheep--Festuca ovina L. var. ovina
Fescue, tall--Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
Flax--Linum usitatissimum L.
Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.
Grama, blue--Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Steud.
Grama, side-oats--Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.
Guineagrass--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum
Hardinggrass--Phalaris stenoptera Hack.
Hemp--Cannabis sativa L.
Indiangrass, yellow--Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash
Indigo, hairy--Indigofera hirsuta L.
Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia japonica Steud.
Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus L.
Kochia, forage--Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.
Kudzu--Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen 
and S. Almeida
Lentil--Lens culinaris Medik.
Lespedeza, Korean--Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino
Lespedeza, sericea or Chinese--Lespedeza cuneata
(Dum.-Cours.) G. Don
Lespedeza, Siberian--Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers.
Lespedeza, striate--Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindler
Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood
Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees
Lupine, blue--Lupinus angustifolius L.
Lupine, white--Lupinus albus L.
Lupine, yellow--Lupinus luteus L.
Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.
Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus pratensis L.
Medic, black--Medicago lupulina L.
Milkvetch or cicer milkvetch--Astragalus cicer L.
Millet, browntop--Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf
Millet, foxtail--Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Millet, Japanese--Echinochloa frumentacea Link
Millet, pearl--Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Millet, proso--Panicum miliaceum L.
Molassesgrass--Melinis minutiflora Beauv.
Mustard, black--Brassica nigra (L.) Koch
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.
Mustard, white--Sinapis alba L.
Napiergrass--Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.
Needlegrass, green--Stipa viridula Trin.
Oat--Avena byzantina C. Koch, A. sativa L., A. nuda L.
Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.S. Presl and K.B. Presl
Orchardgrass--Dactylis glomerata L.
Panicgrass, blue--Panicum antidotale Retz.
Panicgrass, green--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Robyns
Pea, field--Pisum sativum L.
Peanut--Arachis hypogaea L.
Poa trivialis--(see Bluegrass, rough)
Rape, annual--Brassica napus L. var. annua Koch
Rape, bird--Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa
Rape, turnip--Brassica rapa L. subsp. silvestris (Lam.) Janchen
Rape, winter--Brassica napus L. var. biennis (Schubl. and Mart.) 
Reichb.
Redtop--Agrostis gigantea Roth
Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus Vahl
Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana Kunth
Rice--Oryza sativa L.
Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.) Ricker
Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus L.
Rye--Secale cereale L.
Rye, mountain--Secale strictum (K.B. Presl) K.B. Presl subsp. 
strictum
Ryegrass, annual or Italian--Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Ryegrass, intermediate--Lolium x hybridum Hausskn.
Ryegrass, perennial--Lolium perenne L.
Ryegrass, Wimmera--Lolium rigidum Gaud.
Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius L.
Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.
Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.
Sesame--Sesamum indicum L.
Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) A.W. Hill
Smilo--Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss
Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum L. Parodi
Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. and Chase
Sorgrass--Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross 
or a johnsongrass x sudangrass cross
Southernpea--(See Cowpea)
Sourclover--Melilotus indicus (L.) All.
Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Spelt--Triticum spelta L.
Sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. and Chase
Sunflower--Helianthus annuus L.
Sweetclover, white--Melilotus albus Medik.
Sweetclover, yellow--Melilotus officinalis Lam.
Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum boreale Nutt.
Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum L.
Timothy--Phleum pratense L.
Timothy, turf--Phleum bertolonii DC.
Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum L.
Trefoil, big--Lotus uliginosus Schk.
Trefoil, birdsfoot--Lotus corniculatus L.
Triticale--x Triticosecale Wittm. (Secale x Triticum)
Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei Steud.
Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina J.E. Smith
Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wight) Burck
Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus L.
Vetch, common--Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa
Vetch, hairy--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa
Vetch, Hungarian--Vicia pannonica Crantz
Vetch, monantha--Vicia articulata Hornem.
Vetch, narrowleaf or blackpod--Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) 
Ehrh.
Vetch, purple--Vicia benghalensis L.
Vetch, woollypod or winter--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) 
Corb.
Wheat, common--Triticum aestivum L.
Wheat, club--Triticum compactum Host
Wheat, durum--Triticum durum Desf.
Wheat, Polish--Triticum polonicum L.
Wheat, poulard--Triticum turgidum L.
Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x Agrotriticum
Wheatgrass, beardless--Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love
Wheatgrass, crested or fairway crested--Agropyron cristatum (L.) 
Gaertn.
Wheatgrass, crested or standard crested--Agropyron desertorum (Link) 
Schult.
Wheatgrass, intermediate--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. 
intermedia
Wheatgrass, pubescent--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. 
intermedia
Wheatgrass, Siberian--Agropyron fragile (Roth) Candargy subsp. 
sibiricum (Willd.) Meld.
Wheatgrass, slender--Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn.
Wheatgrass, streambank--Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. and J.G. Smith) 
Gould subsp. lanceolatus
Wheatgrass, tall--Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski
Wheatgrass, western--Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love
Wildrye, basin--Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and Merr.) A. Love
Wildrye, Canada--Elymus canadensis L.
Wildrye, Russian--Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski
Zoysia japonica--(see Japanese
lawngrass)
Zoysia matrella--(see Manilagrass)

    (i) Vegetable seeds. The term ``vegetable seeds'' means the seeds 
of the following kinds that are or may be grown in gardens or on truck 
farms and are or may be generally known and sold under the name of 
vegetable seeds:

Artichoke--Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus
Asparagus--Asparagus officinalis Baker
Asparagusbean or yard-long bean--Vigna unguiculata (L.)
Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Bean, garden--Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Bean, lima--Phaseolus lunatus L.
Bean, runner or scarlet runner--Phaseolus coccineus L.
Beet--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Broadbean--Vicia faba L.
Broccoli--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brussels sprouts--Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.
Burdock, great--Arctium lappa L.
Cabbage--Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.
Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt
Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.
Cantaloupe--(see Melon)
Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus
Carrot--Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Celeriac--Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud.
Celery--Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Koch
Chicory--Cichorium intybus L.
Chives--Allium schoenoprasum L.
Citron--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. citroides 
(Bailey) Mansf.
Collards--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.
Corn, sweet--Zea mays L.
Cornsalad--Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata
Cress, garden--Lepidium sativum L.
Cress, upland--Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.
Cress, water--Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
Cucumber--Cucumis sativus L.
Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale Wigg.
Dill--Anethum graveolens L.
Eggplant--Solanum melongena L.
Endive--Cichorium endivia L.
Gherkin, West India--Cucumis anguria L.
Kale--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.
Kale, Chinese--Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (Bailey) Musil
Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus L. var. pabularia (DC.) Reichb.
Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Leek--Allium porrum L.
Lettuce--Lactuca sativa L.
Melon--Cucumis melo L.
Muskmelon--(see Melon).
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.
Mustard, spinach--Brassica perviridis (Bailey) Bailey
Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Onion--Allium cepa L.
Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum L.
Pak-choi--Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
Parsley--Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. Hill
Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa L.
Pea--Pisum sativum L.
Pepper--Capsicum spp.
Pe-tsai--(see Chinese cabbage).
Pumpkin--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C. 
maxima Duchesne
Radish--Raphanus sativus L.
Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum L.
Rutabaga--Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Reichb.
Sage--Salvia officinalis L.
Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius L.
Savory, summer--Satureja hortensis L.
Sorrel--Rumex acetosa L.
Southernpea--(see Cowpea).
Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Spinach--Spinacia oleracea L.
Spinach, New Zealand--Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Ktze.
Squash--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C. 
maxima Duchesne
Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Tomato, husk--Physalis pubescens L.
Turnip--Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa
Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. 
lanatus
* * * * *
    (q) Coated Seed. The term ``coated seed'' means any seed unit 
covered with any substance that changes the size, shape, or weight of 
the original seed. Seeds coated with ingredients such as, but not 
limited to, rhizobia, dyes, and pesticides are excluded.
* * * * *
    (ee) Certified seed. Certified seed is a class of certified seed 
which is the progeny of Breeder, Foundation, or Registered seed, except 
as provided in Sec. 201.70, and is produced and handled under 
procedures established by the certifying agency, in accordance with 
this part, for producing the Certified class of seed, for the purpose 
of maintaining genetic purity and identity.


Sec. 201.3  [Amended]

    3. Section 201.3 is amended by removing ``shall'' and adding in its 
place ``may''.


Sec. 201.10  [Amended]

    4. Section 201.10(a) is amended by removing the word ``hybrid''.


Sec. 201.13  [Amended]

    5. Section 201.13 is amended by removing ``in'', the first time it 
appears and adding in its place ``on''.


Sec. 201.17  [Amended]

    6. Section 201.17 is amended by removing ``bermuda grass'' and 
adding its place ``bermudagrass'' everywhere it appears.


Sec. 201.20  [Amended]

    7. Section 201.20 is amended by removing ``for each kind or kind 
and variety or kind and type or kind and hybrid'' and adding in its 
place `` each kind, or kind and variety, or kind and type, or kind and 
hybrid''.
    8. In Sec. 201.22, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.22  Date of Test.

* * * * *
    (c) The following kinds shall be tested within the indicated time 
before interstate shipment:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Months 
                                                               from test
           Agricultural seeds and mixtures thereof              date to 
                                                                shipment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bentgrass, Colonial..........................................         15
Bentgrass, Creeping..........................................         15
Bluegrass, Kentucky..........................................         15
Fescue, Chewings.............................................         15
Fescue, Hard.................................................         15
Fescue, Red..................................................         15
Fescue, Tall.................................................         15
Ryegrass, Annual.............................................         15
Ryegrass, Perennial..........................................         15
------------------------------------------------------------------------

201.26  [Amended]

    9. Section 201.26 is amended by removing ``is'' following the word 
``pollination'' and adding in its place ``in''.
    10. Section 201.31 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.31  Germination standards for vegetable seeds in interstate 
commerce.

    The following germination standards for vegetable seeds in 
interstate commerce, which shall be construed to include hard seed, are 
determined and established under section 403(c) of the act:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Percent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artichoke....................................................         60
Asparagus....................................................         70
Asparagusbean................................................         75
Bean, garden.................................................         70
Bean, lima...................................................         70
Bean, runner.................................................         75
Beet.........................................................         65
Broadbean....................................................         75
Broccoli.....................................................         75
Brussels sprouts.............................................         70
Burdock, great...............................................         60
Cabbage......................................................         75
Cabbage, tronchuda...........................................         70
Cardoon......................................................         60
Carrot.......................................................         55
Cauliflower..................................................         75
Celeriac.....................................................         55
Celery.......................................................         55
Chard, Swiss.................................................         65
Chicory......................................................         65
Chinese cabbage..............................................         75
Chives.......................................................         50
Citron.......................................................         65
Collards.....................................................         80
Corn, sweet..................................................         75
Cornsalad....................................................         70
Cowpea.......................................................         75
Cress, garden................................................         75
Cress, upland................................................         60
Cress, water.................................................         40
Cucumber.....................................................         80
Dandelion....................................................         60
Dill.........................................................         60
Eggplant.....................................................         60
Endive.......................................................         70
Kale.........................................................         75
Kale, Chinese................................................         75
Kale, Siberian...............................................         75
Kohlrabi.....................................................         75
Leek.........................................................         60
Lettuce......................................................         80
Melon........................................................         75
Mustard, India...............................................         75
Mustard, spinach.............................................         75
Okra.........................................................         50
Onion........................................................         70
Onion, Welsh.................................................         70
Pak-choi.....................................................         75
Parsley......................................................         60
Parsnip......................................................         60
Pea..........................................................         80
Pepper.......................................................         55
Pumpkin......................................................         75
Radish.......................................................         75
Rhubarb......................................................         60
Rutabaga.....................................................         75
Sage.........................................................         60
Salsify......................................................         75
Savory, summer...............................................         55
Sorrel.......................................................         65
Soybean......................................................         75
Spinach......................................................         60
Spinach, New Zealand.........................................         40
Squash.......................................................         75
Tomato.......................................................         75
Tomato, husk.................................................         50
Turnip.......................................................         80
Watermelon...................................................         70
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    11. Section 201.34 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(5) and 
reserving paragraph (e) to read as follows:


Sec. 201.34  Kind, variety, and type; treatment substances; designation 
as hybrid.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (5) Names of varieties which through broad general usage prior to 
July 28, 1956 were recognized variety names, except for hybrid seed 
corn, shall be considered variety names without regard to the 
principles stated in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.


Sec. 201.36b  [Amended]

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    12. Section 201.36b, paragraph (b) is amended by removing ``pole'' 
and adding in its place ``(pole) garden''.
    13. Section 201.36c, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.36c  Hermetically-sealed containers.

* * * * *
    (c) The seed in the container does not exceed the percentage of 
moisture, on a wet weight basis, as listed below:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Agricultural seeds                        Percent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beet, field..................................................        7.5
Beet, sugar..................................................        7.5
Bluegrass, Kentucky..........................................        6.0
Clover, crimson..............................................        8.0
Fescue, red..................................................        8.0
Mustard, India...............................................        5.0
Ryegrass, annual.............................................        8.0
Ryegrass, perennial..........................................        8.0
All others...................................................        6.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Vegetable seeds                          Percent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bean, garden.................................................        7.0
Bean, lima...................................................        7.0
Beet.........................................................        7.5
Broccoli.....................................................        5.0
Brussels sprouts.............................................        5.0
Cabbage......................................................        5.0
Cabbage, Chinese.............................................        5.0
Carrot.......................................................        7.0
Cauliflower..................................................        5.0
Celeriac.....................................................        7.0
Celery.......................................................        7.0
Chard, Swiss.................................................        7.5
Chives.......................................................        6.5
Collards.....................................................        5.0
Corn, sweet..................................................        8.0
Cucumber.....................................................        6.0
Eggplant.....................................................        6.0
Kale.........................................................        5.0
Kohlrabi.....................................................        5.0
Leek.........................................................        6.5
Lettuce......................................................        5.5
Melon........................................................        6.0
Mustard, India...............................................        5.0
Onion........................................................        6.5
Onion, Welsh.................................................        6.5
Parsley......................................................        6.5
Parsnip......................................................        6.0
Pea..........................................................        7.0
Pepper.......................................................        4.5
Pumpkin......................................................        6.0
Radish.......................................................        5.0
Rutabaga.....................................................        5.0
Spinach......................................................        8.0
Squash.......................................................        6.0
Tomato.......................................................        5.5
Turnip.......................................................        5.0
Watermelon...................................................        6.5
All others...................................................        6.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

201.37  [Amended]

    13. Section 201.37 is amended by removing ``Consumer and Marketing 
Service'' and adding in its place ``Agricultural Marketing Service''.
    14. In Sec. 201.43, paragraphs (a) through (e) are revised and a 
new paragraph (g) is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.43  Size of Sample

* * * * *
    (a) Two ounces (57 grams) of grass seed not otherwise mentioned, 
white or alsike clover, or seeds not larger than these.
    (b) Five ounces (142 grams) of red or crimson clover, alfalfa, 
lespedeza, ryegrass, bromegrass, millet, flax, rape, or seeds of 
similar size.
    (c) One pound (454 grams) of sudangrass, proso millet, hemp, or 
seeds of similar size.
    (d) Two pounds (907 grams) of cereals, sorghum, vetch, or seeds of 
similar or larger size.
    (e) Two quarts (2.2 liters) of screenings.
* * * * *
    (g) Coated seed for a purity analysis shall consist of at least 
7,500 seed units. Coated seed for noxious-weed seed examination shall 
consist of at least 30,000 seed units. Coated seed for germination test 
only shall consist of at least 1,000 seed units.
    16. Section 201.44 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.44  Forwarding samples.

    Before being forwarded for analysis, test, or examination, the 
containers of samples shall be properly sealed and identified in such 
manner as may be prescribed by AMS. Samples of coated seed shall be 
forwarded in firmly packed crush-proof and moisture-proof containers.


Sec. 201.45  [Amended]

    17. In Sec. 201.45, paragraph (b) is amended by removing ``,'' 
after the words ``damaging large seeds'' and adding in its place ``and 
coated seeds,''.
    18. Section 201.46 is amended by adding a new paragraph (d) and 
revising Table 1 to read as follows:


Sec. 201.46  Weight of working sample.

* * * * *
    (d) Coated seed.
    (1) Unmixed coated seed. Due to variation in the weight of coating 
materials, the size or weight of the working sample shall be determined 
separately for each lot. The weight of the working sample shall be 
determined by weighing 100 completely coated units and calculating the 
weight of 2,500 coated units for the purity analysis and 25,000 coated 
units for the noxious-weed seed examination.
    (2) Mixtures of coated seed. The working weight shall be determined 
in the following manner:
    (i) Calculate the weight of the working sample to be used for the 
mixture under consideration as though the sample were not coated by 
following paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.
    (ii) Determine the amount of coating material on 100 coated units 
by weighing the coated units. Remove the coating material using the 
methods described in Secs. 201.51b (c) and (d). Calculate the 
percentage of coating material using the following formulas:

Weight of coating material = weight of 100 coated units - weight of 100 
de-coated units;
The percentage of coating material = weight of the coating material 
divided by the weight of 100 coated units  x  100%.

    (iii) The weight of the working sample shall be the product of the 
weight calculated in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section multiplied by 
100%, divided by 100% minus the percentage of coating material 
calculated in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.

                   Table 1.--Weight of Working Sample                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Minimum               
                                    Minimum     weight for   Approximate
                                  weight for   noxious-weed   number of 
          Name of seed              purity         seed       seeds per 
                                   analysis     examination      gram   
                                    (grams)       (grams)               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Agricultural Seed                                                
                                                                        
Agrotricum.....................         65            500             39
Alfalfa........................          5             50            500
Alfilaria......................          5             50            440
Alyceclover....................          5             50            665
Bahiagrass:                                                             
    Var. Pensacola.............          5             50            600
    All other vars.............          7             50            365
Barley.........................        100            500             30
Barrelclover...................         10            100            250
Bean:                                                                   
    Adzuki.....................        200            500             11
    Field......................        500            500              4
    Mung.......................        100            500             24
Beet, field....................         50            500             55
Beet, sugar....................         50            500             55
Beggarweed, Florida............          5             50            440
Bentgrass:                                                              
    Colonial...................          0.25           2.5       13,000
    Creeping...................          0.25           2.5       13,515
    Velvet.....................          0.25           2.5       18,180
Bermudagrass...................          1             10          3,930
Bermudagrass, giant............          1             10          2,950
Bluegrass:                                                              
    Annual.....................          1             10          2,635
    Bulbous....................          4             40            585
    Canada.....................          0.5            5          5,050
    Glaucantha.................          1             10    ...........
    Kentucky...................          1             10          3,060
    Nevada.....................          1             10          2,305
    Rough......................          0.5            5          4,610
    Texas......................          1             10          2,500
    Wood.......................          0.5            5          4,330
Bluejoint......................          0.5            5          8,461
Bluestem:                                                               
    Big........................          7             70            320
    Little.....................          5             50            525
    Sand.......................         10            100            215
    Yellow.....................          1             10          1,945
Bottlebrush-squirreltail.......          9             90            300
Brome:                                                                  
    Field......................          5             50            465
    Meadow.....................         13            130            190
    Mountain...................         20            200            140
    Smooth.....................          7             70            315
Broomcorn......................         40            400             60
Buckwheat......................         50            500             45
Buffalograss:                                                           
    (Burs).....................         20            200            110
    (Caryopses)................          3             30            740
Buffelgrass:                                                            
    (Fascicles)................          6             66            365
    (Caryopses)................          2             20          1,940
Burclover, California:                                                  
    (in bur)...................         50            500    ...........
    (out of bur)...............          7             70            375
Burclover, spotted                                                      
    (in bur)...................         50            500             50
    (out of bur)...............          5             50            550
Burnet, little.................         25            250            110
Buttonclover...................          7             70            365
Canarygrass....................         20            200            150
Canarygrass, reed..............          2             20          1,185
Carpetgrass....................          1             10          2,230
Castorbean.....................        500            500              5
Chess, soft....................          5             50            555
Chickpea.......................        500            500              2
Clover:                                                                 
    Alsike.....................          2             20          1,500
    Arrowleaf..................          4             40            705
    Berseem....................          5             50            455
    Cluster....................          1             10          2,925
    Crimson....................         10            100            330
    Kenya......................          2             20               
    Ladino.....................          2             20          1,935
    Lappa......................          2             20          1,500
    Large hop..................          1             10          5,435
    Persian....................          2             20          1,415
    Red........................          5             50            600
    Rose.......................          7             70            360
    Small hop..................          2             20          1,950
    Strawberry.................          5             50            635
    Sub........................         25            250            120
    White......................          2             20          1,500
Corn:                                                                   
    Field......................        500            500              3
    Pop........................        500            500              3
Cotton.........................        300            500              8
Cowpea.........................        300            500              8
Crambe.........................         25            250    ...........
Crested dogtail................          2             20          1,900
Crotalaria:                                                             
    Lance......................          7             70            375
    Showy......................         25            250             80
    Slenderleaf................         10            100            205
    Striped....................         10            100            215
    Sunn.......................         75            500             35
Crownvetch.....................         10            100            305
Dallisgrass....................          4             40            620
Dichondra......................          5             50            470
Dropseed, sand.................          0.25           2.5       12,345
Emmer..........................        100            500             25
Fescue:                                                                 
    Chewings...................          3             30            900
    Hair.......................          1             10    ...........
    Hard.......................          2             20          1,305
    Meadow.....................          5             50            495
    Red........................          3             30            900
    Sheep......................          2             20          1,165
    Tall.......................          5             50            455
Flax...........................         15            150            180
Galletagrass:                                                           
    (Other than caryopses).....         10            100            260
    (Caryopses)................          5             50            580
Grama:                                                                  
    Blue.......................          2             20          1,595
    Side-oats:                                                          
        (Other than caryopses).          6             60            350
        (Caryopses)............          2             20          1,605
Guar...........................         75            500             35
Guineagrass....................          2             20          2,205
Hardinggrass...................          3             30            750
Hemp...........................         50            500             45
Indiangrass, yellow............          7             70            395
Indigo, hairy..................          7             70            435
Japanese lawngrass.............          2             20          1,325
Johnsongrass...................         10            100            265
Kenaf..........................         50            500    ...........
Kochia, forage.................          2             20          1,070
Kudzu..........................         25            250             80
Lentil.........................        120            500          14-23
Lespedeza:                                                              
    Korean.....................          5             50            525
    Sericea....................          3             30            820
    Siberian...................          3             30            820
    Striate....................          5             50            750
Lovegrass, sand................          1             10          3,585
Lovegrass, weeping.............          1             10          3,270
Lupine:                                                                 
    Blue.......................        500            500              7
    White......................        500            500              7
    Yellow.....................        300            500              9
Manilagrass....................          2             20    ...........
Meadow foxtail.................          3             30            893
Medic, black...................          5             50            585
Milkvetch......................          9             90            270
Millet:                                                                 
    Browntop...................          8             80            315
    Foxtail....................          5             50            480
    Japanese...................          9             90            315
    Pearl......................         15            150            180
    Proso......................         15            150            185
Molassesgrass..................          0.5            5          7,750
Mustard:                                                                
    Black......................          2             20          1,255
    India......................          5             50            625
    White......................         15            150            160
Napiergrass....................          5             50    ...........
Needlegrass, green.............          7             70            370
Oat............................         75            500          35-50
Oatgrass, tall.................          6             60            417
Orchardgrass...................          3             30            945
Panicgrass, blue...............          2             20          1,370
Panicgrass, green..............          2             20          1,305
Pea, field.....................        500            500              4
Peanut.........................        500            500            1-3
Rape:                                                                   
    Annual.....................          7             70            345
    Bird.......................          7             70            425
    Turnip.....................          5             50            535
    Winter.....................         10            100            230
Redtop.........................          0.25           2.5       10,695
Rescuegrass....................         20            200            115
Rhodesgrass....................          1             10          4,725
Rice...........................         50            500             65
Ricegrass, Indian..............          7             70            355
Roughpea.......................         75            500             40
Rye............................         75            500             40
Rye, mountain..................         28            280             90
Ryegrass:                                                               
    Annual.....................          5             50            420
    Intermediate...............          8             80            338
    Perennial..................          5             50            530
    Wimmera....................          5             50    ...........
Safflower......................        100            500             30
Sagewort, Louisiana............          0.5            5          8,900
Sainfoin.......................         50            500             50
Saltbush, fourwing.............         15            150            165
Sesame.........................          7             70            360
Sesbania.......................         25            250            105
Smilo..........................          2             20          2,010
Sorghum........................         50            500             55
Sorghum almum..................         15            150            150
Sorghum-sudangrass.............         65            500             38
Sorgrass1......................         15            150            135
Sourclover.....................          5             50            660
Soybean........................        500            500           6-13
Spelt..........................        100            500             25
Sudangrass.....................         25            250            100
Sunflower......................        100            500    ...........
Sweetclover:                                                            
    White......................          5             50            570
    Yellow.....................          5             50            570
Sweet vernalgrass..............          2             20          1,600
Sweetvetch, northern...........         19            190            130
Switchgrass....................          4             40            570
Timothy........................          1             10          2,565
Timothy, turf..................          1             10          2,565
Tobacco........................          0.5            5         15,625
Trefoil:                                                                
    Big........................          2             20          1,945
    Birdsfoot..................          3             30            815
Triticale......................        100            500    ...........
Vaseygrass.....................          3             30            970
Veldtgrass.....................          4             40            655
Velvetbean.....................        500            500              2
Velvetgrass....................          1             10          3,360
Vetch:                                                                  
    Common.....................        150            500             19
    Hairy......................         75            500             35
    Hungarian..................        100            500             24
    Monantha...................        100            500    ...........
    Narrowleaf.................         50            500             60
    Purple.....................        100            500             22
    Woollypod..................        100            500             25
Wheat:                                                                  
    Common.....................        100            500             25
    Club.......................        100            500             25
    Durum......................        100            500             25
    Polish.....................        100            500             25
    Poulard....................        100            500             25
Wheat x Agrotricum.............         65            500             38
Wheatgrass:                                                             
    Beardless..................          8             80            275
    Fairway crested............          4             40            685
    Standard crested...........          5             50            425
    Intermediate...............         15            150            175
    Pubescent..................         15            150            180
    Siberian...................          5             50    ...........
    Slender....................          7             70            295
    Streambank.................         10             50            370
    Tall.......................         15            150            165
    Western....................         10            100            250
Wildrye:                                                                
    Basin......................          8             80            317
    Canada.....................         11            110            190
    Russian....................          6             60            360
                                                                        
         Vegetable Seed                                                 
                                                                        
Artichoke......................        100            500             24
Asparagus......................        100            500             25
Asparagusbean..................        300            500              8
Bean:                                                                   
    Garden.....................        500            500              4
    Lima.......................        500            500              2
    Runner.....................        500            500              1
Beet...........................         50            300             60
Broadbean......................        500            500    ...........
Broccoli.......................         10             50            315
Brussels sprouts...............         10             50            315
Burdock, great.................         15            150    ...........
Cabbage........................         10             50            315
Cabbage, Chinese...............          5             50            635
Cabbage, tronchuda.............         10            100    ...........
Cardoon........................        100            500    ...........
Carrot.........................          3             50            825
Cauliflower....................         10             50            315
Celeriac.......................          1             25          2,520
Celery.........................          1             25          2,520
Chard, Swiss...................         50            300             60
Chicory........................          3             50            940
Chives.........................          5             50    ...........
Citron.........................        200            500             11
Collards.......................         10             50            315
Corn, sweet....................        500            500    ...........
Cornsalad:                                                              
    Vars. Fullhearted and Dark                                          
     Green Fullhearted.........          5             50    ...........
    All other vars.............         10             50            380
Cowpea.........................        300            500              8
Cress:                                                                  
    Garden.....................          5             50            425
    Upland.....................          2             35          1,160
    Water......................          1             25          5,170
Cucumber.......................         75            500             40
Dandelion......................          2             35          1,240
Dill...........................          3             50            800
Eggplant.......................         10             50            230
Endive.........................          3             50            940
Gherkin, West India............         16            160            153
Kale...........................         10             50            315
Kale, Chinese..................         10             50    ...........
Kale, Siberian.................          8             80            325
Kohlrabi.......................         10             50            315
Leek...........................          7             50            395
Lettuce........................          3             50            890
Melon..........................         50            500             45
Mustard, India.................          5             50            625
Mustard, spinach...............          5             50            535
Okra...........................        100            500             19
Onion..........................          7             50            340
Onion, Welsh...................         10             50    ...........
Pak-choi.......................          5             50            635
Parsley........................          5             50            650
Parsnip........................          5             50            430
Pea............................        500            500              3
Pepper.........................         15            150            165
Pumpkin........................        500            500              5
Radish.........................         30            300             75
Rhubarb........................         50            300             60
Rutabaga.......................          5             50            430
Sage...........................         25            150            120
Salsify........................         50            300             65
Savory, summer.................          2             35          1,750
Sorrel.........................          2             35          1,080
Soybean........................        500            500           6-13
Spinach........................         25            150            100
Spinach, New Zealand...........        200            500             13
Squash.........................        200            500             14
Tomato.........................          5             50            405
Tomato, husk...................          2             35          1,240
Turnip.........................          5             50            535
Watermelon.....................        200            500            11 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a         
  johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.                                      

    19. Section 201.47 is amended by revising paragraph (e) and adding 
a new paragraph (f) to read as follows:


Sec. 201.47  Separation.

* * * * *
    (e) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a) 
shall be used for the separation of pure seed and inert matter in seeds 
of Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, Pensacola 
variety of bahiagrass, orchardgrass, side-oats grama, and blue grama.
    (f) Procedures for purity analysis for coated seed are given in 
Sec. 201.51b.
    20. Section 201.47a is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(3), 
(b)(4), and (g) to read as follows:


Sec. 201.47a  Seed unit.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Entire spikelets in bahiagrass, bentgrasses, dallisgrass, 
guineagrass, browntop millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, 
panicgrasses, redtop, rice, switchgrass, and vaseygrass. Entire 
spikelets which may have attached rachis segments, pedicels, and 
sterile spikelets in big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem, 
yellow bluestem, bottlebrush-squirreltail, broomcorn, yellow 
indiangrass, johnsongrass, sorghum, sorghum- sudangrass, sorghum almum, 
sorgrass, and sudangrass;
    (4) Spikelet groups:
    (i) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as a unit in galletagrass;
    (ii) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as units with attached 
rachis and internodes bluestems, side-oats grama, and yellow 
indiangrass;
* * * * *
    (g) ``Seed balls'' or portions thereof in multigerm beets, and 
fruits with accessory structures such as occur in other Chenopodiaceae 
and New Zealand spinach. For forage kochia refer to Sec. 201.48(j) and 
Sec. 201.51(a)(7).
    21. In Sec. 201.48, paragraphs (g)(2), (g)(3), (h), and (i) are 
revised and a new paragraph (j) is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.48  Kind or variety considered pure seed.

* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (2) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a) 
shall be used to determine classification of florets into pure seed or 
inert matter for Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, 
Pensacola variety of bahiagrass, side-oats grama, blue grama, and 
orchardgrass.
    (3) Special purity procedures for smooth brome, chewings fescue, 
red fescue, orchardgrass, fairway crested wheatgrass, standard crested 
wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, tall 
wheatgrass, and western wheatgrass are listed in Sec. 201.51a(b).
* * * * *
    (h) Seed units with nematode galls, fungal bodies (i.e. ergot, 
other sclerotia, and smut) and spongy or corky caryopses that are 
entirely enclosed within the seed unit. Refer to Sec. 201.51(c)(1) for 
inert matter classification.
    (i) Seed units of beet and other Chenopodiaceae, and New Zealand 
spinach. Refer to Sec. 201.47a(g) and Sec. 201.51(a)(6) for definitions 
of seed units and inert matter, respectively.
    (j) Seed units of forage kochia that are retained on a 1 mm opening 
square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds. For inert matter, refer 
to Sec. 201.51(a)(7).
    22. Section 201.49 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and 
reserving paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec. 201.49  Other crop seed.

    (a) Seeds of plants grown as crops (other than the kind(s) and 
variety(ies) included in the pure seed) shall be considered other crop 
seeds, unless recognized as weed seeds by applicable laws, or 
regulations, or by general usage. All interpretations and definitions 
for ``pure seed'' in Sec. 201.48 shall also apply in determining 
whether seeds are ``other crop seed'' or ``inert matter'' with the 
following two exceptions which may be applied as acceptable 
alternatives:
    (1) Uniform Blowing Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(a) for kinds listed 
in Sec. 201.47(e) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all seed units 
(as defined in Sec. 201.47a) for these kinds found in the working 
sample shall be manually separated into pure seed and inert matter. 
Only units containing at least one caryopsis with some degree of 
endosperm development which can be detected either by slight pressure 
or by examination over light are considered other crop seed.
    (2) Multiple Unit Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(b) for kinds listed in 
Sec. 201.48(g)(3) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all multiple 
units and single units (as defined in Sec. 201.51a(b)) for these kinds 
found in the working sample shall be manually separated into single 
florets. Each floret containing a caryopsis with some degree of 
endosperm development, which can be detected either by slight pressure 
or examination over light, is considered other crop seed. Empty florets 
and glumes, if present, are considered inert matter. Refer to 
Sec. 201.51(a)(4).
    (b) [Reserved]
    23. In Sec. 201.50, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.50  Weed seed.

* * * * *
    (c) Wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets that have any 
part of the husk remaining and are not damaged at the basal end are 
considered weed seeds regardless of size. Bulblets that are completely 
devoid of husk, and are not damaged at the basal end, and are retained 
by a \1/13\-inch (1.9 mm) round-hole sieve are considered weed seeds. 
For wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets classed as inert 
matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(b)(5).
    24. In Sec. 201.51, paragraphs (a)(5), (a)(6), and (c)(2) are 
revised and new paragraphs (a)(7), (a)(8), and (c)(3) are added to read 
as follows:


Sec. 201.51  Inert matter.

    (a) * * *
    (5) Seed units with nematode galls or fungal bodies (smut, ergot, 
and other sclerotia) that are not entirely enclosed within the seed 
unit. Refer to Sec. 201.48(h) for pure seed classification.
    (6) Broken seed units of Chenopodiaceae and fruit portions or 
fragments of monogerm beets, New Zealand spinach, buffalograss, and 
families in which the seed unit is a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit 
that visibly do not contain a seed. Refer to Sec. 201.48 (f), (g)(1), 
(i), and (j) for pure seed classification.
    (7) Seed units of forage kochia that pass through a 1 mm opening, 
square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds.
    (8) The thin pericarp (fruit wall), if present on seeds of northern 
sweetvetch.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Soil particles, sand, stone, chaff, stems, leaves, flowers, 
loose coating material, and any other foreign material.
    (3) Coating material removed from coated seed by washing. Refer to 
Sec. 201.51b(c).
    25. Section Sec. 201.51a is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.51a  Special procedures for purity analysis.

    (a) The Uniform Blowing Procedure shall be used for the separation 
of pure seed and inert matter in the following: Kentucky bluegrass, 
Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, Pensacola variety of bahiagrass, 
orchardgrass, blue grama, and side-oats grama.
    (1) When kinds listed in this section appear in mixtures they shall 
be separated from other kinds before using the Uniform Blowing 
Procedure.
    (2) To determine the blowing point for these procedures, individual 
calibration samples for Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass, and Pensacola 
variety of bahiagrass shall be used. The calibration sample for 
Kentucky bluegrass shall be used for Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, 
blue grama, and side-oats grama.
    (i) The blowing point for Canada bluegrass shall be the same as the 
blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass.
    (ii) The blowing point for rough bluegrass shall be a factor of 
0.82 (82 percent) of the blowing point determined for Kentucky 
bluegrass. The 0.82 factor is restricted to the General-type seed 
blower.
    (iii) The blowing point for blue grama shall be a factor of 1.157 
of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before blowing, 
extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing process shall 
be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into four 
approximately equal parts and each blown separately. The 1.157 factor 
is restricted to the General-type seed blower.
    (iv) The blowing point for side-oats grama shall be a factor of 
1.480 of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before 
blowing, extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing 
process shall be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into 
four approximately equal parts and each part blown separately. The 
1.480 factor is restricted to the General-type seed blower.
    (3) Calibration samples and instructions are available on loan 
through the Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, LS, AMS, Building 306, 
Room 213, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
    (4) The calibration samples shall be used to establish a blowing 
point prior to proceeding with the separation of pure seed and inert 
matter for these kinds. After completing the blowing procedure, remove 
all weed and other crop seeds from the light portion and add these to 
the weed or other crop separation, as appropriate. The remainder of the 
light portion shall be considered inert matter. Remove all weed and 
other crop seeds and other inert matter (stems, leaves, dirt) from the 
heavy portion and add these to the weed seed, other crop seed, or inert 
matter separations, as appropriate. The remainder of the heavy portion 
shall be considered pure seed.
    (5) With orchardgrass, after the blowing, proceed with the multiple 
unit procedure.
    (b) The Multiple Unit Procedure of determining the pure seed 
fraction shall be used only for the kinds included in the following 
table when multiple units are present in a sample. These methods are 
applicable to the kinds listed when they occur in mixtures or singly. 
Any single unit without attached structures, as described below, shall 
be considered a single unit. Multiple units and single units for the 
kinds listed shall remain intact. The attached glumes and fertile or 
sterile florets shall not be removed from the fertile floret.
    (1) A multiple unit is a seed unit that includes one or more 
structures as follows (the length of the awn shall be disregarded when 
determining the length of a fertile floret or an attached structure):
    (i) An attached sterile or fertile floret that extends to or beyond 
the tip of a fertile floret;
    (ii) A fertile floret with basally attached glume, glumes, or 
basally attached sterile floret of any length;
    (iii) A fertile floret with two or more attached sterile and/or 
fertile florets of any length.
    (2) Procedure for determination of multiple units:
    (i) For the single kind: determine the percentage of single units 
present, based on the total weight of single units and multiple units. 
Apply the appropriate factor, as determined from the following table, 
to the weight of the multiple units and add that portion of the 
multiple unit weight to the weight of the single units. The remaining 
multiple unit weight shall be added to the weight of the inert matter.
    (ii) For mixtures that include one or more of the kinds in the 
following table, determine the percentage of single units, based on the 
total weight of single units and multiple units, for each kind. Apply 
the appropriate factor as determined from the following table, to the 
weight of multiple units of each kind.

                                                      Table of Factors To Apply to Multiple Unitsa                                                      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Pubes-                                                
                                                        Chewings    Red    Orchard-   Crested      cent    Intermediate     Tall     Western     Smooth 
         Percent of single units of each kind            fescue    fescue    grass     wheat-     wheat-    wheat-grass    wheat-     wheat-     brome  
                                                                                       grassb     grass                    grassc     grassc            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50 or below...........................................        91       80        80         70         66           72          --         --         72
50.01-55.00...........................................        91       81        81         72         67           74          --         --         74
55.01-60.00...........................................        91       82        81         73         67           75          --         --         75
60.01-65.00...........................................        91       83        82         74         67           76          --         --         76
65.01-70.00...........................................        91       84        82         75         68           77          --         60         78
70.01-75.00...........................................        91       86        82         76         68           78          --         66         79
75.01-80.00...........................................        91       87        83         77         69           79          50         67         81
80.01-85.00...........................................        91       88        83         78         69           80          55         68         82
85.01-90.00...........................................        91       89        83         79         69           81          65         70         83
90.01-100.00..........................................        91       90        84         79         70           82          70         74        85 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aThe factors represent the percentages of the multiple unit weights which are considered pure seed. The remaining percentage is regarded as inert       
  matter.                                                                                                                                               
bIncludes both standard crested wheatgrass and fairway crested wheatgrass.                                                                              
cDashes in table indicate that no factors are available at the levels shown.                                                                            

    26. New Sec. 201.51b is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.51b Purity procedures for coated seed.

    (a) The working sample for coated seed is obtained as described in 
Sec. 201.46(d) (1) and (2), and weighed in grams to four significant 
figures.
    (b) Any loose coating material shall be sieved, weighed, and 
included with the inert matter component.
    (c) Coating material is removed from the seed by washing with water 
or other solvents such as, but not limited to, dilute sodium hydroxide 
(NaOH). Use of fine mesh sieves is recommended for this procedure, and 
stirring or shaking the coated units may be necessary to obtain de-
coated seed.
    (d) Spread de-coated seed on blotters or filter paper in a shallow 
container. Air dry overnight at room temperature.
    (e) Separation of component parts:
    (1) Kind or variety considered pure seed.
    (2) Other crop seed.
    (3) Inert matter.
    (4) Weed seed.
    (f) The de-coated seed shall be separated into four components in 
accordance with Secs. 201.48 through 201.51. Secs. 201.51a (a) and (b) 
shall not be followed. The weight of the coating material is determined 
by subtracting the sum of the weights of the other four components from 
the original weight of the working sample. The percentage of coating 
material shall be included with the inert matter percentage. Calculate 
percentages of all components based on the original weight of the 
working sample (see paragraph (a) of this section).
    27. Section 201.52 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.52  Noxious-weed seeds.

    (a) The determination of the number of seeds, bulblets, or tubers 
of individual noxious weeds present per unit weight should be made on 
at least the minimum quantities listed in Sec. 201.46 Table 1: 
Provided, That if the following indicated numbers of a single kind of 
seed, bulblet, or tuber are found in the pure seed analysis (or 
noxious-weed seed examination of a like amount) the occurrence of that 
kind in the remainder of the bulk examined for noxious-weed seeds need 
not be noted: \1/2\-gram purity working sample, 16 or more seeds; 1-
gram purity working sample, 23 or more seeds; 2-gram purity working 
sample or larger, 30 or more seeds. The seeds per unit weight shall be 
based on the number of single seeds. The number of individual seeds 
shall be determined in burs of sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) and cocklebur 
(Xanthium spp.); in capsules of dodder (Cuscuta spp.); in berries of 
groundcherry, horsenettle, and nightshade (Solanaceae); and in the 
fruits of other noxious weeds that contain more than one seed. Refer to 
Secs. 201.50 and 201.51(b)(4) for the classification of weed seeds and 
inert matter, respectively.
    (b) A noxious-weed seed examination of coated seed samples shall be 
made by examining approximately 25,000 units obtained in accordance 
with Sec. 201.46(d) and which have been de-coated by the method 
described in Sec. 201.51b(c).
    28. Section 201.54 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.54  Number of seeds for germination.

    At least 400 seeds shall be tested for germination; except that in 
mixtures, 200 seeds of each of those kinds present to the extent of 15 
percent or less may be used in lieu of 400, in which case an additional 
2 percent is to be added to the regular germination tolerances. The 
seeds shall be tested in replicate tests of 100 seeds or less.
    29. In Sec. 201.56, paragraphs (a) and (e) are revised to read as 
follows:


Sec. 201.56  Interpretation.

    (a) A seed shall be considered to have germinated when it has 
developed those essential structures which, for the kind of seed under 
consideration, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant 
under favorable conditions. In general, the following are considered to 
be essential structures necessary for the continued development of the 
seedling (although some structures may not be visible in all kinds at 
the time of seedling evaluation). Seedlings possessing these essential 
structures are referred to as normal seedlings: Root system (consisting 
of primary, secondary, seminal, or adventitious roots); hypocotyl; 
epicotyl; cotyledon(s); terminal bud; primary leaves; and coleoptile 
and mesocotyl (in the grass family). Abnormal seedlings consist of 
those with defects to these structures, as described in the abnormal 
seedling descriptions, and are judged to be incapable of continued 
growth. The seedling descriptions assume that test conditions were 
adequate to allow proper assessment of the essential seedling 
structures.
* * * * *
    (e) Standard guides for seedling interpretation shall include the 
following descriptions for specific kinds and groups. The ``General 
Description'' for each group of crop kinds describes a seedling without 
defects. While such a seedling is clearly normal, seedlings with some 
defects may also be classified as normal, provided the defects do not 
impair the functioning of the structure. The ``Abnormal seedling 
description'' is to be followed when judging the severity of defects.
    30. Sections 201.56-1 through 201.56-12 are revised to read as 
follows:


Sec. 201.56-1  Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae, and Carpetweed family, 
Aizoaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Beet, Swiss chard, fourwing saltbush, spinach, New 
Zealand spinach, and forage kochia.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Leaf-like cotyledons and perisperm.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may develop within 
the test period.
    (5) Seedling: Frequent counts should be made on multigerm beet 
since the growing seedlings will separate from the cluster making it 
difficult to identify the source. Any cluster which produces at least 
one normal seedling is classified as normal; only one normal seedling 
per cluster is to be counted (see Sec. 201.56(d)). Toxic substances 
from the clusters of beet and Swiss chard may cause discoloring of the 
hypocotyl and/or root. Seedlings which are slightly discolored are to 
be classified as normal; however, if there is excessive discoloration, 
retest by the method in Sec. 201.58(b)(3).
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (iii) For discolored roots of beet and Swiss chard, see 
Sec. 201.58(b)(3).
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (For discolored seedlings of beet and Swiss 
chard, see Sec. 201.58(b)(3).)
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-2  Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae).

    Kinds of seed: Artichoke, cardoon, chicory, dandelion, endive, 
great burdock, lettuce, safflower, salsify, Louisiana sagewort, and 
sunflower.
    (a) Lettuce.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like, and photosynthetic. The cotyledons of some varieties develop 
elongated petioles.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root.
    (v) Seedling: The interpretations of lettuce seedlings are made 
only at the end of the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove attached seed coat for evaluation of 
cotyledons. Physiological necrosis is manifested by discolored areas on 
the cotyledons and should not be confused with natural pigmentation of 
some lettuce varieties.)
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (B) Any degree of necrosis or decay.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Severely twisted or grainy.
    (C) Watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) Stubby or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will not 
compensate for a defective primary root.)
    (B) Primary root tip blunt, swollen, or discolored. (Toxic 
materials in the substratum may cause short, blunt roots; see 
Sec. 201.58(a)(9).)
    (C) Primary root with splits or lesions.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) Swollen cotyledons associated with extremely short or vestigial 
hypocotyl and root.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (b) Other kinds in the sunflower family: Artichoke, cardoon, 
chicory, dandelion, endive, great burdock, safflower, salsify, 
Louisiana sagewort, and sunflower.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like, and photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the 
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (C) Watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (Seedlings with roots bound within tough seed coats 
should be left in the test until the final count to allow for 
development.)
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-3  Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

    Kinds of seed: Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese 
cabbage, cauliflower, collards, garden cress, upland cress, water 
cress, kale, Chinese kale, Siberian kale, kohlrabi, mustard, pakchoi, 
radish, rape, rutabaga, and turnip.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like and photosynthetic. In Brassica, Sinapis, and Raphanus, the 
cotyledons are bi-lobed and folded, with the outer cotyledon being 
larger than the inner.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface; the epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A long primary root.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Decayed at point of attachment.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (iii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will 
not compensate for a defective root.)
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-4  Cucurbit family, Cucurbitaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Citron, cucumber, West India gherkin, melon, 
pumpkin, squash, and watermelon.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy; they 
expand, become photosynthetic, and usually persist beyond the seedling 
stage.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and the cotyledons are 
pulled free of the seed coat, which often adheres to a peg-like 
appendage at the base of the hypocotyl. The epicotyl usually does not 
show any development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A long primary root with numerous secondary roots.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the 
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root, with less than two 
strong secondary or adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-5  Grass family, Poaceae (Gramineae).

    Kinds of seed: Bentgrasses, bluegrasses, bluestems, bromes, 
cereals, fescues, millets, orchardgrass, redtop, ryegrasses, sorghums, 
timothy, turf timothy, wheatgrasses, and all other grasses listed in 
Sec. 201.2(h).
    (a) Cereals: Agrotricum, barley, oat, rye, mountain rye, wheat, 
wheat x agrotricum, and triticale.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During 
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients 
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl may elongate 
depending on the variety and light intensity, but may not be 
discernible. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result 
of growth and emergence of the leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A primary root and seminal roots. The primary 
root is not readily distinguishable from the seminal roots; therefore, 
all roots arising from the seed are referred to as seminal roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) No leaf.
    (C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (E) Spindly or watery.
    (F) Grainy, spirally twisted, shredded, and weak.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) Less than one strong seminal root.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (D) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g. 
kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).
    (E) Thickened and shortened roots and/or shoots.
    (b) Rice.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During 
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients 
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil or water surface; the mesocotyl may 
elongate depending on the variety and environmental conditions. 
Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and 
emergence of the leaves.
    (iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots. 
Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or 
coleoptilar node within the test period. If the mesocotyl elongates, 
the adventitious roots will be carried above the grain.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) No leaf.
    (C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (E) Spindly or watery.
    (F) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak primary root with insufficient seminal or adventitious 
roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (c) Corn.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During 
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients 
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl usually elongates. 
Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and 
emergence of the leaves. A twisted and curled shoot bound by a tough 
seed coat may be considered normal, provided the shoot is not decayed.
    (iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots. 
Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or 
coleoptilar node within the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Thickened and shortened.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak seminal roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (d) Johnsongrass, sorghum, sorgrass, sorghum almum, sudangrass, and 
sorghum-sudangrass.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with endosperm. During germination 
the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the 
endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl usually elongates. 
Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the mesocotyl and 
coleoptile. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of 
growth and emergence of the leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root, usually with secondary roots 
developing within the test period. Adventitious roots may start to 
develop from the mesocotyl or coleoptilar node within the test period. 
Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the root.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Thickened and shortened.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Damaged or weak primary root with less than two strong 
secondary roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (e) Grasses and millets.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypegeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During 
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients 
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl may or may not 
elongate significantly, depending on the kind. Splitting of the 
coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the 
leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root. Secondary or adventitious 
roots may develop within the test period. In certain kinds (e.g. 
bermudagrass) the primary root may not be readily visible because it is 
coiled inside the tightly fitting lemma and palea. At the time of 
evaluation, the glumes should be removed and the root observed. Such 
seedlings are classified as normal if the primary root has developed. 
For Kentucky bluegrass, a primary root \1/16\ inch (1.6 mm) or more in 
length is classified as normal.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Short, thick, and grainy.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) Missing or defective primary root even if other roots are 
present.
    (B) Spindly, stubby, or watery primary root.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (D) Yellow (when grown in light).
    (E) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g. 
kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).


Sec. 201.56-6  Legume or pea family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae).

    Kinds of seed: Alfalfa, alyceclover, asparagusbean, beans 
(Phaseolus spp.), Florida beggarweed, black medic, broadbean, 
burclovers, buttonclover, chickpea, clovers (Trifolium spp.), cowpea, 
crotalarias, crownvetch, guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lentil, lespedezas, 
lupines, northern sweetvetch, peas, peanut, roughpea, sainfoin, 
sesbania, sourclover, soybean, sweetclovers, trefoils, velvetbean, and 
vetches.
    (a) Field bean, garden bean, lima bean, mung bean, asparagusbean, 
and cowpea.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl elongates, causing the 
terminal bud to emerge from between the cotyledons; the primary leaves 
expand rapidly.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) For garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris in part), remove any 
attached seed coats at the end of the test period for evaluation of 
cotyledons:
    (1) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (2) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (B) All other kinds:
    (1) Both missing and the seedling generally weak.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Deep open cracks.
    (C) Malformed, such as markedly curled or thickened.
    (D) Less than one primary leaf.
    (E) Primary leaves too small in proportion to the rest of the 
seedling, usually associated with visible defects of, or damage to, the 
main stem of the epicotyl.
    (F) Terminal bud missing or damaged. (If a few seedlings with total 
or partial decay to the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as 
normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on 
such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry 
environment and exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or sand, 
will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. (A 
healed break, sometimes referred to as a ``knee,'' is considered 
normal.)
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling orientation or 
constriction on or in the substratum.) (Hypocotyl collar rot is the 
breakdown of hypocotyl tissue initially characterized by a watery 
appearance and collapse of the hypocotyl below the cotyledonary node. 
The area later becomes discolored, shrivelled, and necrotic. The 
condition is caused by insufficient calcium available to the seedling. 
If hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings of garden bean, the 
sample involved shall be retested in accordance with 
Sec. 201.58(b)(12).)
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (A root bound within a tough seed coat is 
considered normal.)
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as the result of 
decay from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel 
and blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and 
Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings 
some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary 
infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may 
be advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (b) Adzuki bean, broadbean, chickpea, field pea, lentil, pea, 
roughpea, runner bean, velvetbean, and vetches.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy, and 
remain enclosed within the seed coat beneath the soil surface. They are 
usually not photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal 
bud and primary leaves above the soil surface. The stem bears one or 
more scale leaves and, prior to emergence, is arched near the apex, 
causing the terminal bud to be pulled through the soil; after 
emergence, the stem straightens. For practical purposes, the hypocotyl 
is not discernible and is not an evaluation factor. Buds in the axils 
of each cotyledon and scale leaf usually remain dormant unless the 
terminal bud is seriously damaged. In this case, one or more axillary 
buds may start to develop into a shoot. If the axillary shoot is well-
developed, it may be considered normal.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original tissue remaining attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original tissue free of necrosis or 
decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Malformed such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (D) Severely damaged (e.g. terminal bud missing or damaged) with 
only a weak shoot developing from the axil of a cotyledon or scale 
leaf.
    (E) Two weak and spindly shoots.
    (F) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (iii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary 
roots.
    (iv) Seedlings:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and 
blotter tests. Some pathogens can spread through the substratum and 
infect seedlings some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings 
with secondary infection are classified as normal. A retest in sand or 
soil may be advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (c) Soybean and lupine.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy; they 
expand and become photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The primary leaves usually increase 
in size and the epicotyl may elongate within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons.
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl.
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed. (If a few seedlings 
with partial decay of the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as 
normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on 
such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry 
environment and is exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or 
sand, will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. 
(Adventitious roots may occur at the site of injury, particularly on 
the hypocotyl and near the base of the cotyledons. The seedling is 
classified as normal if the injury is healed over and other essential 
structures are normal.)
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Hypocotyl development is slow until the roots start functioning. 
Caution should be exercised to ensure slow seedlings are not classified 
as abnormal. Hypocotyl stunting or curling also may be caused by 
seedling orientation or constriction on or in the substratum.)
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (Roots of seedlings on ``Kimpak'' with insufficient 
moisture may not become established and hypocotyl elongation may appear 
to be abnormal. There may be curling of the root and hypocotyl. When a 
number of seedlings are observed with this condition, the sample should 
be retested.)
    (v) Seedlings:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and 
blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and 
Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings 
some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary 
infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may 
be advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (d) Peanut.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy.
    (iii) Shoot system: The cotyledons are carried to the soil surface 
by the hypocotyl which is very thick, narrowing abruptly at the root. 
Elongation of the hypocotyl stops when the epicotyl is exposed to light 
at the soil surface. The primary leaves are compound and usually expand 
during the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots. 
Adventitious roots develop from the base of the hypocotyl if the 
primary root is damaged.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened or curled. (Hypocotyls 
remain somewhat thickened and may appear to be stunted. Light, depth of 
planting, and substratum moisture all contribute to the length of the 
hypocotyl. Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling 
orientation or constriction in the substratum. Seedlings planted in a 
soil test with the radicle too close to the surface may send roots 
above the soil and appear to exhibit negative geotropism and a 
distorted, U-shaped hypocotyl.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of 
primary infection.
    (B) Albino.
    (e) Alfalfa, alyceclover, Florida beggarweed, black medic, 
burclovers, buttonclover, milkvetch, clovers, crotalarias, crownvetch, 
guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lespedezas, northern sweetvetch, sainfoin, 
sesbania, sourclover, sweetclovers, and trefoils.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are small and fleshy; they 
expand and become photosynthetic. The cotyledons of sub clover develop 
elongated petioles.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long, tapering primary root, usually with root 
hairs. Secondary roots may or may not develop within the test period, 
depending on the kind.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached. (Breaks at the point of attachment of the cotyledons to the 
hypocotyl are common in seeds which have been mechanically damaged. It 
is important that seedlings not be removed during preliminary counts 
unless development is sufficient to allow the conditions of the 
cotyledons to be determined. If the point of attachment of the 
cotyledons cannot be seen at the end of the test, the seed coat should 
be peeled back to determine whether a break has occurred.)
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Seedlings of sainfoin which have been constricted by growing through 
the netting of the pod, but which are otherwise normal, are classified 
as normal.)
    (C) Weak and watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Primary root stubby. (The roots of sweetclovers may be stubby 
when grown on artificial substrata due to the presence of coumarin in 
the seed; since this condition usually does not occur in soil, such 
seedlings are classified as normal. Roots may appear stubby as a result 
of being bound by the seed coat; such seedlings are classified as 
normal. Crownvetch produces phytotoxic effects similar to 
sweetclovers.)
    (C) Split extending into the hypocotyl.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-7  Lily family, Liliaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Asparagus, chives, leek, onion, and Welsh onion.
    (a) Asparagus.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi- transparent, and 
non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon. The endosperm surrounds 
the entire embryo.
    (iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon; following 
germination, all but the basal end remains embedded in the endosperm to 
absorb nutrients.
    (iv) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal 
bud above the soil surface. The epicotyl may bear several small scale 
leaves. A short hypocotyl is barely distinguishable, joining the root 
to the basal end of the cotyledon. More than one shoot may arise 
simultaneously, and the seedling may be considered normal if at least 
one shoot is well- developed and has a terminal growing point, provided 
other essential structures are normal.
    (v) Root system: A long slender primary root.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledon:
    (A) Detached from seedling.
    (B) Deep open cracks at basal end.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Terminal bud missing or damaged.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (E) Spindly.
    (F) Watery.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) No primary root.
    (B) Stubby primary root with weak secondary roots.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.
    (b) Chives, leek, onion, Welsh onion.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and 
non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon.
    (iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon. The cotyledon 
emerges with the seed coat and endosperm attached to the tip. A sharp 
bend known as the ``knee'' forms; continued elongation of the cotyledon 
on each side of this knee pushes it above the soil surface. The 
cotyledon tip is pulled from the soil and straightens except for a 
slight kink which remains at the site of the knee.
    (iv) Shoot system: The first foliage leaf emerges through a slit 
near the base of the cotyledon, but this does not usually occur during 
the test period. The hypocotyl is a very short transitional zone 
between the primary root and the cotyledon, and is not distinguishable 
for purposes of seedling evaluation.
    (v) Root system: A long slender primary root with adventitious 
roots developing from the hypocotyl. The primary root does not develop 
secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledon:
    (A) Short and thick.
    (B) Without a definite bend or ``knee''.
    (C) Spindly or watery.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Not observed during the test period.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Not evaluated.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) No primary root.
    (B) Short, weak, or stubby primary root.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-8  Flax family, Linaceae.

    Kind of seed: Flax.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot. (Due to the mucilaginous 
nature of the seed coat, seedlings germinated on blotters may adhere to 
the blotter and appear to be negatively geotropic.)
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become 
photosynthetic.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-9  Mallow family, Malvaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Cotton, kenaf, and okra.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are convoluted in the seed; 
they expand and become thin, leaf-like, and photosynthetic.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may 
develop on the hypocotyl in cotton.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may 
develop on the root in cotton.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the 
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the 
conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (A cotton seedling with yellowish areas on the 
root or hypocotyl is classified as normal, provided the cotyledons are 
free of infection.)
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-10  Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

    Kind of seed: Castorbean.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are thin and leaf-like; 
endosperm (fleshy food-storage organs) usually persisting in the 
laboratory test.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl lengthens, carrying the cotyledons, 
endosperm, and epicotyl above the soil surface.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Endosperm:
    (i) Missing.
    (3) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing.
    (ii) Damaged or missing terminal bud.
    (4) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (5) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (6) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-11  Knotweed family, Polygonaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Buckwheat, rhubarb, and sorrel.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, starchy endosperm.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots developing 
within the test period for some kinds.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the 
conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-12  Miscellaneous plant families.

    Kinds of seed by family:
    Carrot family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)--carrot, celery, celeriac, 
dill, parsley, parsnip;
    Hemp family, Cannabaceae--hemp;
    Dichondra family, Dichondraceae--dichondra;
    Geranium family, Geraniaceae--alfilaria;
    Mint family, Lamiaceae (Labiatae)--sage, summer savory; benne 
family, Pedaliaceae--sesame;
    Rose family, Rosaceae--little burnet;
    Nightshade family, Solanaceae--eggplant, tomato, husk tomato, 
pepper, tobacco; and
    Valerian family, Valerianaceae--cornsalad.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons; endosperm may or may not be present, 
depending on the kind.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates, carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may or may not 
develop within the test period, depending on the kind.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (ii) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Missing or stubby primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.
    31. In Sec. 201.57a, paragraph (b) is revised and a new paragraph 
(c) is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.57a  Dormant Seeds.

* * * * *
    (b) The percentage of dormant seed, if present, shall be determined 
in addition to the percentage of germination for the following kinds: 
Bahiagrass, basin wildrye, big bluestem, little bluestem, sand 
bluestem, yellow bluestem, bottlebrush-squirreltail, buffalograss, 
buffelgrass, galletagrass, forage kochia, blue grama, side-oats grama, 
Indian ricegrass, johnsongrass, sand lovegrass, weeping lovegrass, 
mountain rye, sand dropseed, smilo, switchgrass, veldtgrass, western 
wheatgrass, and yellow indiangrass.
    (c) For green needlegrass, if the test result of method 2 is less 
than the result of method 1, subtract the result of method 2 from 
method 1 and report the difference as the percentage of dormant seed. 
Refer to Sec. 201.58(b)(7).
    32. Section 201.58 is amended by revising the introductory text, 
paragraphs (a)(5), (b)(1) through (b)(4), adding a new paragraph 
(b)(7); revising paragraphs (b)(10), (b)(12), Table 2, and adding a new 
paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec. 201.58  Substrata, temperature, duration of test, and certain 
other specific directions for testing for germination and hard seed.

    Specific germination requirements are set forth in table 2 to which 
the following paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) are applicable.
* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (5) Prechill. The term ``prechill'' means a cold, moist treatment 
applied to seeds to overcome dormancy prior to the germination test. 
The prechill method varies among kinds, but is usually performed by 
holding imbibed seeds at a low temperature for a specified period of 
time. The prechill period is not included in the duration of tests 
given in table 2, unless otherwise specified.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Alyceclover; swollen seeds. At the conclusion of the 21-day 
test period, carefully pierce the seed coat with a sharp instrument and 
continue the test for 5 additional days. Alternate method: The swollen 
seeds may be placed at 20 deg. C for 48 hours and then at 35 deg. C for 
3 additional days.
    (2) Bahiagrass; removal of glumes. On all varieties except 
``Pensacola,'' remove the enclosing structures (glumes, lemma, and 
palea) from the caryopsis with the aid of a sharp scalpel. If the seed 
is fresh or dormant, lightly scratch the surface of the caryopsis.
    (3) Beet, Swiss chard; preparation of seed for test. Before the 
seeds are placed on the germination substratum, they shall be soaked in 
water for 2 hours, using at least 250 ml of water per 100 seeds, then 
washed in running water and the excess water blotted off. The 
temperature of the soaking and washing water should be no lower than 
20 deg.C. Samples producing excessive discoloration of the hypocotyl or 
root should be retested in soil or by washing in running water for 3 
hours and testing on ``Kimpak,'' keeping the seed covered with slightly 
moist blotters. Sugar beets may require 16 hours soaking in water at 
25 deg.C, followed by rinsing and then drying for 2 hours at room 
temperature.
    (4) Buffelgrass; alternate method for dormant seed. The caryopses 
shall be removed from the fascicles and placed on blotters moistened 
with a 0.2 percent solution of KNO3, in petri dishes. The seeds 
from a fascicle should be arranged so they will not be confused with 
seeds from other fascicles during the test. The seeds are then 
prechilled at 5 deg.C for 7 days and tested at 30 deg.C in light for 21 
additional days. Firm ungerminated seeds remaining at the conclusion of 
the test should be scratched lightly and left in test for 7 additional 
days.
* * * * *
    (7) Green needlegrass; two test methods as prescribed in table 2 
shall be used on each sample:
    (i) For method 1, acid scarify 400 seeds for 10 minutes in 
concentrated sulfuric acid (95 to 98 percent H2SO4). Rinse 
seeds and dry on blotters for 16 hours, then place seeds on blotters 
moistened with a solution of 0.055 percent (500 ppm gibberellic acid 
GA3) and 0.46 percent (3,000 ppm) thiram and germinate 14 days.
    (ii) For method 2, plant 400 seeds on blotters moistened with a 0.2 
percent solution of KNO3 and germinate 14 days. Refer to 
Sec. 201.57a(c).
    (iii) Report the results of method 2 as the percentage germination. 
If the number in method 2 is less than method 1, subtract the results 
of method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as dormant seed.
* * * * *
    (10) Ryegrass; fluorescence test. The germination test for 
fluorescence of ryegrass shall be conducted in light [not to exceed 100 
foot candles (1,076 lux)] with white filter paper as the substratum. 
The white filter paper should be nontoxic to the roots of ryegrass and 
of a texture that will resist penetration of ryegrass roots. Distilled 
or deionized water shall be used to moisten the filter paper. The test 
shall be conducted in a manner that will prevent the contact of roots 
of different seedlings. Roots of some seedlings produce fluorescent 
lines on white filter paper when viewed under ultraviolet light. First 
counts shall not be made before the eighth day; at that time remove 
only normal fluorescent seedlings. Evaluation of fluorescence shall be 
made under F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tubes in an area where 
light from other sources is excluded. If there are over 75 percent 
normal fluorescent seedlings present at the time of the first count, 
break the contact of the roots of the nonfluorescent seedlings from the 
substratum and reread the fluorescence at the time of the final count. 
At the final count, lift each remaining seedling, observing the path of 
each root since sometimes faint fluorescence will show on the 
substratum as the root is lifted. Abnormal seedlings and dead seeds are 
not evaluated for fluorescence. See Sec. 201.58a(a).
* * * * *
    (12) Garden bean; use of calcium nitrate. If hypocotyl collar rot 
is observed on seedlings, the sample involved shall be retested using a 
0.3 to 0.6 percent solution of calcium nitrate (CaNO3) to moisten 
the substratum.
* * * * *
    (c) Procedures for coated seed:
    (1) Germination tests on coated seed shall be conducted in 
accordance with methods in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. 
However, kinds for which soaking or washing is specified in paragraph 
(b) shall not be soaked or washed in the case of coated seed.
    (i) Coated seed units shall be placed on the substratum in the 
condition in which they are received without rinsing, soaking, or any 
other pretreatment.
    (ii) Coated seed units in mixtures which are color coded or can 
otherwise be separated by kinds shall be germinated as separate kinds 
without removing the coating material.
    (iii) Coated seed units in mixtures which cannot be separated by 
kinds without removing the coating material shall be de-coated and 
germinated as separate kinds. The coating material shall be removed in 
a manner that will not affect the germination capacity of the seeds.
    (2) The moisture level of the substratum is important. It may 
depend on the water-absorbing capacity of the coating material. A 
retest may be necessary before satisfactory germination of the sample 
is achieved.
    (3) Phytotoxic symptoms may be evident when germinating coated 
seeds in paper substrata. In such cases a retest in sand or soil may be 
necessary.

                                                 Table 2.--Germination Requirements for Indicated Kinds                                                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        First    Final                        Additional directions                     
        Name of seed            Substrata      Temperature ( deg.C)     count    count  ----------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         days     days       Specific requirements           Fresh and dormant seed     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    AGRICULTURAL SEED                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                        
Agrotricum..................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days.                     
Alfalfa.....................  B, T, S       20.......................        4     \1\7  See (b)(11)................                                   
Alfilaria...................  B, T          20-30....................        3       14  Clip seeds..................                                   
Alyceclover.................  B, T          35.......................        4    \1\21  See (b)(1) for swollen                                        
                                                                                          seeds.                                                        
Bahiagrass:                                                                                                                                             
    Var. Pensacola..........  P, S          20-35....................        7       28  Light; see  (b)(2).........  See Sec. 201.57a                 
    All other vars..........  P             30-35....................        3       21  Light; remove glumes; see     Scratch caryopses; KNO3; see Sec.
                                                                                          (b)(2).                      201.57a                         
Barley......................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill 5 days at 5 deg. or 10  
                                                                                                                        deg.C or predry                 
Barrelclover................  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from bur; see                                     
                                                                                          (b)(11).                                                     
Bean:                                                                                                                                                   
    Adzuki..................  B, T, S       20-30....................        4    \1\10                                                                 
    Field...................  B, T, S, TC   20-30; 25................        5     \1\8                                                                 
    Mung....................  B, T, S       20-30....................        3     \1\7                                                                 
Beet, field.................  B, T, S       20-30....................        3       14  See (b)(3).................                                   
Beet, sugar.................  B, T, S       20-30; 20................        3       10  See (b)(3).................                                   
Beggarweed, Florida.........  B, T          30.......................        5    \1\28                                                                 
Bentgrass:                                                                                                                                              
    Colonial................  P             15-30; 10-30; 15-25......        7       28  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 7 days.                     
    Creeping................  P             15-30; 10-30; 15-25......        7       28  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 7 days.                     
    Velvet..................  P             15-25; 20-30.............        7       21  Light; KNO3.................                                   
Bermudagrass................  P             20-35....................        7       21  Light; KNO3; see (a)(9)....                                   
Bermudagrass, giant.........  P             20-35....................        7       21  Prechill at 10  deg.C for 7                                    
                                                                                 Light;   days and then test at 20-35                                   
                                                                                  KNO3;    deg.C; continue tests of                                     
                                                                                    see   hulled seed for 14 days and                                   
                                                                                (a)(9)   of unhulled seed for 21                                       
                                                                                          days.                                                         
Bluegrass:                                                                                                                                              
    Annual..................  P             20-30....................        7       21  Light.......................                                   
    Bulbous.................  P, S          10.......................       10       35  KNO3 or soil................  Prechill all samples at 5  deg.C 
                                                                                                                        for 7 days.                     
    Canada..................  P             15-25; 15-30.............       10       28  Light; KNO3.................  10-30  deg.C.                    
    Glaucantha..............  P             15-25; 15-30.............       10       28  Light; KNO3.................                                   
    Kentucky................  P             15-25; 15-30.............       10       28  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 10  deg.C for 5 days.
    Nevada..................  P             20-30....................        7       21  Light; KNO3.................                                   
    Rough...................  P             20-30....................        7       21  Light.......................                                   
    Texas...................  P             20-30....................        7       28  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 2 weeks.
    Wood....................  P             20-30....................        7       28  Light.......................                                   
Bluejoint...................  TB, P         15-25....................       10       21  Light and KNO3 optional.....  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 5 days  
Bluestem:                                                                                                                                               
    Big.....................  P, TS         20-30....................        7       14  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 2 weeks;
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
    Little..................  P, TS         20-30....................        7       14  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 2 weeks;
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
    Sand....................  P, TS         20-30....................        7       14  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 2 weeks;
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
    Yellow..................  P, TS         20-30....................        5       14  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 2 weeks;
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
Bottlebrush-squirreltail....  P, B          20; 15...................       10       14  ............................  See Sec. 201.57a.                
Brome:                                                                                                                                                  
    Field...................  P, TB         15-25; 20-30.............        6       14  Light.......................  Prechill at 10  deg.C for 5 days.
    Meadow..................  B, T, TB      20-30....................        6       14  Light optional..............                                   
    Mountain................  P             20-30....................        6       14  Light.                                                         
    Smooth..................  P, B, TB      20-30....................        6       14  Light optional..............  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, then test at 30     
                                                                                                                        deg.C for 9 additional days.    
Broomcorn...................  B, T, S       20-30....................        3       10                                                                 
Buckwheat...................  B, T          20-30....................        3        6                                                                 
Buffalograss:                                                                                                                                           
    (Burs)..................  P, TB, TS     20-35....................        7       28  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5 deg.C for 6 weeks; 
                                                                                                                        test 14 additional days; see    
                                                                                                                        Sec. 201.57a.                   
    (Caryopses).............  P             20-35....................        5       14  Light; KNO3.................  See Sec. 201.57a.                
Buffelgrass.................  S             30.......................        7       28  Light; press fascicles into   See (b)(4); see Sec. 201.57a.   
                                                                                          well-packed soil and                                          
                                                                                          prechill at 5 deg.C for 7                                     
                                                                                          days.                                                         
Burclover, California.......  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from bur; see                                    
                                                                                          (b)(11).                                                      
Burclover, spotted..........  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from bur; see                                    
                                                                                          (b)(11).                                                      
Burnet, littler.............  B, T          15.......................        5       14                                                                 
Buttonclover................  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\10  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
Canarygrass.................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
Canarygrass, reed...........  P             20-30....................        5       21  Light; KNO3.................                                   
Carpetgrass.................  P             20-35....................       10       21  Light.......................  KNO3.                            
Castorbean..................  T, S          20-30....................        7       14  Remove caruncle if mold                                        
                                                                                          interferes with test.                                         
Chess, soft.................  P             20-30....................        7       14  Light.......................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 7 days.                     
Chickpea....................  T,S           20-30....................        3    \1\17                                                                 
Clover:                                                                                                                                                 
    Alsike..................  B, T, S       20.......................        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Arrowleaf...............  B, T          20; 15...................        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)...............                                   
    Berseem.................  B, T, S       20.......................        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Cluster.................  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\10  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Crimson.................  B, T, S       20.......................        4     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Kenya...................  B, T, S       20.......................        3       17                                                                 
    Ladino..................  B, T, S       20.......................        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Lappa...................  B, T          20.......................        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Large hop...............  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Persian.................  B, T          20.......................        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Red.....................  B, T, S       20.......................        4     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Rose....................  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\10  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Small hop...............  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Strawberry..............  B, T          20.......................        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    Sub.....................  B, T          20.......................        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
    White...................  B, T, S       20.......................        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............  15 deg.C.                        
Corn:                                                                                                                                                   
    Field...................  B, T, S, TC   20-30; 25................        4        7                                                                 
    Pop.....................  B, T, S, TC   20-30; 25................        4        7                                                                 
Cotton......................  B, T, S       20-30; 30................        4    \1\12                                Test by alternate method; see   
                                                                                                                        (b)(5).                         
Cowpea......................  B, T, S       20-30....................        5     \1\8                                                                 
Crambe......................  T             25.......................        3        7                                                                 
Crested dogtail.............  P             20-30....................       10       21  Light.......................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 3 days.                     
Crotalaria:                                                                                                                                             
    Lance...................  B, T, S       20-30....................        4    \1\10                                                                 
    Showy...................  B, T, S       20-30....................        4    \1\10                                                                 
    Slenderleaf.............  B, T, S       20-30....................        4    \1\10                                                                 
    Striped.................  B, T, S       20-30....................        4    \1\10                                                                 
    Sunn....................  B, T, S       20-30....................        4    \1\10                                                                 
Crownvetch..................  B, T, S       20.......................        7    \1\14                                                                 
Dallisgrass.................  P             20-35....................        7       21  Light; KNO3.................                                   
Dichondra...................  B, T          20-30....................        7    \1\28                                                                 
Drop seed, sand.............  P             5-35; 15-35..............        5       14  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 4 weeks;
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
Emmer.......................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days or predry.           
Fescue:                                                                                                                                                 
    Chewings................  P             15-25....................        7       21  Light and KNO3 optional.....  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days.                     
    Hair....................  P             10-25....................       10       28  KNO3........................                                   
    Hard....................  P             15-25....................        7       21  Light and KNO3 optional.....                                   
    Meadow..................  P             15-25; 20-30.............        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....                                   
    Red.....................  P             15-25....................        7       21  Light and KNO3 optional.....                                   
    Sheep...................  P             15-25....................        7       21  Light and KNO3 optional.....                                   
    Tall....................  P             15-25; 20-30.............        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days and test for 21 days.
Flax........................  B, T, S       20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
Galletagrass................  P, B          20; 25; 20-30............        4       10  ............................  See Sec. 201.57a                 
Grama:                                                                                                                                                  
    Blue....................  P, TB         20-30....................        7       14  Light.......................  KNO3; see Sec. 201.57a.          
    Side-oats...............  P             15-30....................        7       14  Light; KNO3.................  See Sec. 201.57a.                
Guar........................  B, T, S       30; 20-30................        5    \1\14                                                                 
Guineagrass.................  P             15-35....................       10       28  Light; KNO3 optional........                                   
Hardinggrass................  P             10-30....................        7       28  Light.......................  KNO3.                            
    Alternate method........  P             15-25....................        7       14  Light; presoak at 15  deg.C                                    
                                                                                          for 24 hrs.                                                   
Hemp........................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
Indiangrass, yellow.........  P, TS         20-30....................        7       14  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 2 weeks;
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
Indigo, hairy...............  B, T          20-30....................        5    \1\14                                                                 
Japanese lawngrass..........  P             35-20....................       10       28  Light; KNO3.................                                   
Johnsongrass................  P             20-35....................        7       35  Light.......................  KNO3; see Sec. 201.57a.          
Kenaf.......................  T, B          20-30....................        4     \1\8                                                                 
Kochia, forage..............  P             20.......................        4       14  ............................  See Sec. 201.57a.                
Kudzu.......................  B, T          20-30....................        5    \1\14                                                                 
Lentil......................  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\10                                                                 
Lespedeza:                                                                                                                                              
    Korean..................  B, T, S       20-35....................        5    \1\14                                                                 
    Sericea.................  B, T, S       20-35....................        7    \1\21                                                                 
    Siberian................  B, T, S       20-35....................        7    \1\21                                                                 
    Striate.................  B, T, S       20-35....................        7    \1\14                                                                 
Lovegrass, sand.............  P             20-30....................        5       14  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 6 weeks; see Sec. 201.57a.  
Lovegrass, weeping..........  P             20-35....................        5       14  Light.......................  KNO3; see Sec. 201.57a.          
Lupine:                                                                                                                                                 
    Blue....................  B, T, S       20.......................        4    \1\10                                                                 
    White...................  B, T          20.......................        3    \1\10  ............................                                   
    Yellow..................  B, T          20.......................        7    \1\10  ............................                                   
Manilagrass.................  P             35-20....................       10       28  Light; KNO3.................                                   
Meadow foxtail..............  P             20-30....................        7       14  Light.......................                                   
Medic, black................  B, T, S       20.......................        4     \1\7  See  (b)(11)...............                                   
Milkvetch...................  B, T          20.......................        6    \1\14                                                                 
    Alternate method........  B, TB, T      15-25....................       10    \1\21                                                                 
Millet:                                                                                                                                                 
    Browntop................  B, P, T       20-30; 30................        4       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....  Predry at 35 deg. or 40  deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 7 days and test at 30       
                                                                                                                        deg.C.                          
      Alternate method......  B, P, T       5-35.....................        4       14  Light; KNO3.................                                   
    Foxtail.................  B, T          15-30; 20-30.............        4       10                                                                 
    Japanese................  B, T          20-30....................        4       10                                                                 
    Pearl...................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
    Proso...................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
Molassesgrass...............  P             20-30....................        7       21  Light                                                          
Mustard:                                                                                                                                                
    Black...................  P             20-30....................        3        7  Light.......................  KNO3 and prechill at 10  deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 3 days.                     
    India...................  P             20-30....................        3        7  Light.......................  Prechill at 10  deg.C for 7 days 
                                                                                                                        and test for 5 days; KNO3.      
    White...................  P             20-30....................        3        5  Light                                                          
Napiergrass.................  B, T          20-30....................        3       10                                                                 
Needlegrass, green:                                                                                                                                     
    Method 1................  P             15-30....................        7       14  H2SO4,GA3 and thiram; dark;                                    
                                                                                          see (b)(7).                                                  
    Method 2................  P             15-30....................        7       14  KNO3; dark; see (b)(7).....                                   
Oat.........................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        5       10  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10                                       
                                                                                          deg.C for 5 days and test                                     
                                                                                          for 7 days or predry and                                      
                                                                                          test for 10 days..                                            
Oatgrass, tall..............  P             20-30....................        6       14  Light                                                          
Orchardgrass................  P, TS         15-25....................        7       21  Light; germination more       Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                          rapid on soil.                for 7 days.                     
Panicgrass, blue............  P, TS         20-30....................        7       28  Light                                                          
Panicgrass, green...........  P             15-35....................       10       28  Light; KNO3 optional........                                   
Pea, field..................  B, T, S       20.......................        3     \1\8                                                                 
Peanut......................  B, T, S       20-30; 25................        5    \1\10  Remove shells...............  Ethephon or ethylene; see  (a)  
                                                                                                                        (10) and (11).                  
Rape:                                                                                                                                                   
    Annual..................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
    Bird....................  P             20-30....................        3       10  Light.......................  KNO3.                            
    Turnip..................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
    Winter..................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
Redtop......................  P, TB         20-30....................        5       10  Light.......................  KNO3.                            
Rescuegrass.................  P, S          10-30....................        7       28  Light; see  (b)(8) for       In soil at 15 deg.C.             
                                                                                          alternate method.                                             
Rhodesgrass.................  P             20-30....................        6       14  Light; KNO3                                                    
Rice........................  T, S          20-30; 30................        5       14  See  (b)(9) for alternate    Presoak; see  (b)(9).           
                                                                                          method.                                                       
Ricegrass, Indian...........  P             15.......................        7       42  ............................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 4 weeks 
                                                                                                                        and test for 21 additional days;
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
    Alternate method........  S             5-15; 15; 15-25..........        7       28  ............................  Dark; prechill in soil at 5      
                                                                                                                        deg.C for 4 weeks; see Sec.     
                                                                                                                        201.57a.                        
Roughpea....................  B, T          20.......................        7    \1\14  ............................                                   
Rye.........................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days or predry.           
Rye, mountain...............  B, T          20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  See Sec. 201.57a.                
Ryegrass:                                                                                                                                               
    Annual..................  P, TB         15-25....................        5       14  Light optional; see (b)(10)  Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg.  
                                                                                          for fluorescence test.        or 10 deg.C for 5 days and test 
                                                                                                                        at 15-25  deg.C; if still       
                                                                                                                        dormant prechill for 3 days and 
                                                                                                                        continue test at 15-25  deg.C an
                                                                                                                        additional 4 days.              
    Intermediate............  P, TB         15-25....................        7       14  Light.......................  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                         deg.C for 5 days and test at 15-
                                                                                                                        25 deg.C; if still dormant      
                                                                                                                        rechill for 3 days and continue 
                                                                                                                        test at 15-25  deg.C an         
                                                                                                                        additional 4 days.              
    Perennial...............  P, TB         15-25....................        5       14  Light optional; see (b)(10)  Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg.  
                                                                                          for fluorescence test.        or 10  deg.C for 5 days and test
                                                                                                                        at 15-25  deg.C; if still       
                                                                                                                        dormant rechill for 3 days and  
                                                                                                                        continue test at 15-25 deg. C an
                                                                                                                        additional 4 days.              
    Wimmera.................  P, TB         15-25; 20-30.............        5       14  Light optional..............  Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg.  
                                                                                                                        or 10  deg.C for 5 days and test
                                                                                                                        at 15-25  deg.C; if still       
                                                                                                                        dormant rechill for 3 days and  
                                                                                                                        continue test at 15-25  deg.C an
                                                                                                                        additional 4 days.              
Safflower...................  P, B, T, S    15; 20...................        4       14  Light at 15 deg.C...........                                   
Sagewort, Louisiana.........  P             15-25....................        7       14  Light.......................                                   
Sainfoin....................  B, T          20-30....................        4    \1\14                                                                 
Saltbush, fourwing..........  B             20.......................        5       14  See (b)(13)................  Prechill at 5 deg.C for 7 days.  
    Alternate method........  B             15.......................  .......       21                                                                 
Sesame......................  B, T, TB      20-30....................        3        6                                                                 
Sesbania....................  B, T          20-30....................        5     \1\7                                                                 
Smilo.......................  P             20-30....................        7       42  Light.......................  Prechill at 5 deg.C for 2 weeks; 
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
Sorghum.....................  B, T, S       20-30....................        4       10  ............................  Prechill grain vars. at 5 deg. or
                                                                                                                        10 deg.C for 5 days; test sweet 
                                                                                                                        vars. at 30-45 deg.C,           
                                                                                                                        maintaining 45 deg.C for 2-4    
                                                                                                                        hours per day.                  
Sorghum almum...............  T, S          20-35; 15-35.............        5       21  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg.C for 5 days;  
                                                                                                                        on the 10th day of test, clip or
                                                                                                                        pierce the distal end of        
                                                                                                                        ungerminated seeds.             
Sorghum-sudangrass..........  B, T, S       20-30; 25................        4       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 5 days.                     
Sorgrass\2\.................  B, T, S       15-35; 20-35.............        5       21  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 7 days.                     
Sourclover..................  B, T          20.......................        3    \1\14  See (b)(11)................                                   
Soybean.....................  B, T, S, TC   20-30; 25................        5     \1\8                                                                 
Spelt.......................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, or predry.          
Sudangrass..................  B, T, S       20-30; 15-30.............        4       10  ............................  Prechill at 10 deg.C for 5 days. 
Sunflower...................  T, B          20-30....................        3        7  ............................                                   
Sweetclover:                                                                                                                                            
    White...................  B, T, S       20.......................        4     \1\7  See (b)(11)................                                   
    Yellow..................  B, T, S       20.......................        4     \1\7  See (b)(11)................                                   
Sweet vernalgrass...........  P             20-30....................        6       14  Light.......................                                   
Sweetvetch, northern........  B, TB, T      15-25; 20................       14    \1\28                                                                 
Switchgrass.................  P, TS         15-30....................        7       14  Light; KNO3.................  Prechill at 5 deg.C for 2 weeks; 
                                                                                                                        see Sec. 201.57a.               
Timothy.....................  P, TB         15-25; 20-30.............        5       10  Light; see  (a)(9).........  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                        deg.C for 5 days.               
Timothy, turf...............  P, TB         15-25; 20-30.............        5       10  Light.......................  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                        deg.C for 5 days.               
Tobacco.....................  P, TB         20-30....................        7       14  Light.......................                                   
Trefoil:                                                                                                                                                
    Big.....................  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\12                                                                 
    Birdsfoot...............  B, P, T       20.......................        5    \1\12                                                                 
Triticale...................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, or predry.          
Vaseygrass..................  P             20-35....................        7       21  Light.......................  KNO3.                            
Veldtgrass..................  P             10-30....................        7       28  Light.......................  See Sec. 201.57a.                
Velvetbean..................  B, T, S, C    20-30....................        3    \1\14  ............................                                   
Velvetgrass.................  P             20-30....................        6       14  Light.......................                                   
Vetch:                                                                                                                                                  
    Common..................  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\10                                                                 
    Hairy...................  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\14                                                                 
    Hungarian...............  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\10                                                                 
    Monantha................  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\10                                                                 
    Narrowleaf..............  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\14                                                                 
    Purple..................  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\10                                                                 
    Woollypod...............  B, T          20.......................        5    \1\14  ............................  Prechill at 10 deg.C for 5 days, 
                                                                                                                        test at 15 deg.C.               
Wheat:                                                                                                                                                  
    Common..................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C   
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, or predry.          
    Club....................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, or predry.          
    Durum...................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, or predry.          
    Polish..................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, or predry.          
    Poulard.................  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, or predry.          
Wheat Agrotricum............  B, T, S       20; 15...................        4        7  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days, or predry.          
Wheatgrass:                                                                                                                                             
    Beardless...............  P, TB         15-25....................        7       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                         deg.C for 7 days.              
    Fairway crested.........  P, TB         15-25; 20-30.............        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                         deg.C for 7 days.              
    Standard crested........  P, TB         15-25; 20-30.............        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                         deg.C for 7 days.              
    Intermediate............  P             15-25....................        5       28  Light and KNO3 optional.....  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                         deg.C for 7 days.              
      Alternate method......  P             20-30....................        5       28  Light.......................                                   
    Pubescent...............  P             15-25....................        5       28  Light and KNO3 optional.....  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                         deg.C for 7 days.              
      Alternate method......  P             20-30....................        5       28  Light.......................                                   
    Siberian................  P, TB         15-25....................        7       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10
                                                                                                                         deg.C for 7 days.              
    Slender.................  P, TB         15-25; 10-30.............        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days; if still dormant on 
                                                                                                                        the 10th day, rechill 2 days,   
                                                                                                                        then place at 20-30 deg. C for 4
                                                                                                                        days.                           
    Streambank..............  P, TB         15-25....................        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional.....  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days.                     
    Tall....................  P             15-25....................        5       21  Light and KNO3 optional.....  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days.                     
      Alternate method......  P             20-30....................        5       21  Light.......................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days.                     
    Western.................  B, P, T       15-30....................        7       28  Dark........................  KNO3 or soil; see Sec. 201.57a.  
Wildrye:                                                                                                                                                
    Basin...................  P             15-25....................       10       21  ............................  See Sec. 201.57a.                
    Canada..................  P             15-30....................        7       21  Light.......................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 2 weeks.
    Russian.................  P             20-30....................        5       14  Light.......................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 5 days.                     
                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                     VEGETABLE SEED                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                        
Artichoke...................  B, T          20-30....................        7       21                                                                 
Asparagus...................  B, T, S       20-30....................        7       21                                                                 
Asparagusbean...............  B, T, S       20-30....................        5     \1\8                                                                 
Bean:                                                                                                                                                   
    Garden..................  B, T, S, TC   20-30; 25................     None     \1\8  ............................  See (b)(12).                    
    Lima....................  B, T, C, S    20-30....................        5     \1\9  ............................                                   
    Runner..................  B, T, S       20-30....................        5     \1\9                                                                 
Beet........................  B, T, S       20-30....................        3       14  See (b)(3).................                                   
Broadbean...................  S, C          20.......................        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)...............  Prechill at 10  deg.C for 3 days.
Broccoli....................  B, P, T       20-30....................        3       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 3 days; KNO3 and light.     
Brussels sprouts............  B, P, T       20-30....................        3       10  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10                                       
                                                                                          deg.C for 3 days; KNO3 and                                    
                                                                                          light.                                                        
Burdock, great..............  B, T          20-30....................        7       14                                                                 
Cabbage.....................  B, P, T       20-30....................        3       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C  
                                                                                                                        for 3 days; KNO3 and light.     
Cabbage, Chinese............  B, T          20-30....................        3        7  ............................                                   
                                                                                                                                                        
Cabbage, tronchuda..........  B, P          20-30....................        3       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 3 days; KNO3 and light.     
Cardoon.....................  B, T          20-30....................        7       21                                                                 
Carrot......................  B, T          20-30....................        6       14                                                                 
Cauliflower.................  B, P, T       20-30....................        3       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10  deg.C  
                                                                                                                        for 3 days; KNO3 and light      
Celeriac....................  P             5-25; 20.................       10       21  Light; see (a)(9)..........                                   
Celery......................  P             15-25; 20................       10       21  Light; see (a)(9)..........                                   
Chard, Swiss................  B, T, S       20-30....................        3       14  See  (b)(3)................                                   
Chicory.....................  P, TS         20-30....................        5       14  Light; KNO3 or soil; see                                       
                                                                                          (a)(9)                                                       
Chives......................  B, T          20.......................        6       14                                                                 
Citron......................  B, T          20-30....................        7       14  Soak seeds 6 hrs............  Test at 30 deg. C.               
Collards....................  B, P, T       20-30....................        3       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C  
                                                                                                                        for 3 days; KNO3 and light .    
Corn, sweet.................  B, T, S, TC   20-30; 25................        4        7                                                                 
Cornsalad...................  B, T          15.......................        7       28  Test at 10 deg. C...........                                   
Cowpea......................  B, T, S       20-30....................        5     \1\8                                                                 
Cress:                                                                                                                                                  
    Garden..................  B, P, T       15.......................        4       10  ............................  Light.                           
    Upland..................  P, TB         20-35....................        4        7  Light; KNO3.................                                   
    Water...................  P             20-30....................        4       14  Light.......................                                   
Cucumber....................  B, T, S       20-30....................        3        7  Keep substratum on dry side;                                   
                                                                                          see  (a)(3).                                                 
Dandelion...................  P, TB         20-30....................        7       21  Light; see  (a)(9).........                                   
Dill........................  B, T          20-30....................        7       21                                                                 
Eggplant....................  P, TB, RB, T  20-30....................        7       14  Light; KNO3.................                                   
Endive......................  P, TS         20-30....................        5       14  Light; KNO3 or soil.........  See  (b)(6).                    
Gherkin, West India.........  B, T, S       20-30....................        3        7  Test at 30 deg. C...........                                   
Kale........................  B, P, T       20-30....................        3       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C  
                                                                                                                        for 3 days; KNO3and light.      
Kale, Chinese...............  B, P, T       20-30....................        3       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C  
                                                                                                                        for 3 days; KNO3and light.      
Kale, Siberian..............  B, P, T       20-30; 20................        3        7                                                                 
Kohlrabi....................  B, P, T       20-30....................        3       10  ............................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C  
                                                                                                                        for 3 days; KNO3 and light.     
Leek........................  B, T          20.......................        6       14  ............................                                   
Lettuce.....................  P             20.......................     None        7   Light......................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 3 days 
                                                                                                                        or test at 15 deg. C.           
Melon.......................  B, T, S       20-30....................        4       10  Keep substratum on dry side;                                   
                                                                                          see  (a)(3).                                                 
Mustard, India..............  P             20-30....................        3        7  Light.......................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 7 days 
                                                                                                                        and test for 5 additional days; 
                                                                                                                        KNO3.                           
Mustard, spinach............  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
Okra........................  B, T          20-30....................        4    \1\14  ............................                                   
Onion.......................  B, T          20.......................        6       10                                                                 
    Alternate method........  S             20.......................        6       12  ............................                                   
Onion, Welsh................  B, T          20.......................        6       10  ............................                                   
Pak-choi....................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7  ............................                                   
Parsley.....................  B, T, TS      20-30....................       11       28  ............................                                   
Parsnip.....................  B, T, TS      20-30....................        6       28  ............................                                   
Pea.........................  B, T,S        20.......................        5     \1\8  ............................                                   
Pepper......................  TB, RB, T     20-30....................        6       14  ............................  Light and KNO3.                  
Pumpkin.....................  B, T, S       20-30....................        4        7  Keep substratum on dry side;                                   
                                                                                          see  (a)(3).                                                 
Radish......................  B, T          20.......................        4        6  ............................                                   
Rhubarb.....................  TB, TS        20-30....................        7       21  Light.......................                                   
Rutabaga....................  B, T          20-30....................        3       14  ............................                                   
Sage........................  B, T, S       20-30....................        5       14  ............................                                   
Salsify.....................  B, T          15.......................        5       10  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 3                                    
                                                                                          days..                                                        
Savory, summer..............  B, T          20-30....................        5       21  ............................                                   
Sorrel......................   P, TB, TS    20-30....................        3       14  Light.......................  Test at 15 deg. C.               
Soybean.....................   B, T, S, TC  20-30; 25................        5     \1\8  ............................                                   
Spinach.....................   TB, T        15;10....................        7       21  Keep substratum on dry side;                                   
                                                                                          see  (a)(3).                                                 
Spinach, New Zealand........  T             15; 20...................        5       21  Soak fruits overnight (16     On 21st day scrape fruits and    
                                                                                          hrs), air dry 7 hrs; plant    test for 7 additional days.     
                                                                                          in very wet towels; do not                                    
                                                                                          rewater unless later counts                                   
                                                                                          exhibit drying out.                                           
Alternate method............  B, T          15.......................        5       21  Remove pulp from basal end                                     
                                                                                          of fruit.                                                     
Squash......................   B, T, S      20-30....................        4        7  Keep substratum on dry side;                                   
                                                                                          see  (a)(3).                                                 
Tomato......................  B, P, RB, T   20-30....................        5       14  ............................  Light; KNO3.                     
Tomato, husk................  P, TB         20-30....................        7       28  Light; KNO3.................                                   
Turnip......................  B, T          20-30....................        3        7                                                                 
Watermelon..................  B, T, S       20-30; 25................        4       14  Keep substratum on dry side;  Test at 30 deg. C.               
                                                                                          see  (a)(3).                                                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Hard seeds may be present. (See Sec. 201.57)                                                                                                         
\2\Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass sorghum cross or a johnsongrass sudangrass cross.                                                          

    33. Section 201.58a is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.58a  Indistinguishable seeds.

    When the identification of the kind, variety, or type of seed or 
determination that seed is hybrid is not possible by seed 
characteristics, identification may be based upon the seedling, growing 
plant or mature plant characteristics according to such authentic 
information as is available.
    (a) Ryegrass. In determining the pure seed percentage of perennial 
ryegrass and annual ryegrass, 400 seeds shall be grown on white filter 
paper and the number of fluorescent seedlings determined under 
ultraviolet light at the end of the germination period (see 
Sec. 201.58(b)(10)).
    (1) Fluorescence results are to be determined as test fluorescence 
level (TFL) to two decimal places as follows:

TR14DE94.001

    (2) The percentage of perennial ryegrass is calculated as follows:

TR14DE94.002

where VFL=Variety fluorescence level.
    (3) Using results from the above formula, the percentage of annual 
ryegrass is calculated as follows:

% Annual Ryegrass = % Pure Ryegrass-% Perennial Ryegrass

    (4) If the test fluorescence level (TFL) of a perennial ryegrass is 
equal to or less than the variety fluorescence level (VFL) described 
for the variety, all pure ryegrass is considered to be perennial 
ryegrass and the formula is not applied.
    (5) If the test fluorescence level (TFL) of an annual ryegrass is 
equal to or greater than the variety fluorescence level (VFL) described 
for the variety, all pure ryegrass is considered to be annual ryegrass 
and the formula is not applied.
    (6) A list of variety fluorescence level (VFL) descriptions for 
perennial ryegrass varieties which are more than 0 percent fluorescent 
and annual ryegrass varieties which are less than 100 percent 
fluorescent is maintained and published by the National Grass Variety 
Review Board of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies 
(AOSCA). If the variety being tested is not stated or the fluorescence 
level has not been described, the fluorescence level shall be 
considered to be 0 percent for perennial ryegrass and 100 percent for 
annual ryegrass. Both VFL (annual) and VFL (perennial) values must 
always be entered in the formula. If a perennial ryegrass variety is 
being tested, the VFL (annual) value is 100 percent. If an annual 
ryegrass variety is being tested, the VFL (perennial) value is 0 
percent. For blends the fluorescence level shall be interpolated 
according to the portion of each variety claimed to be present.
    (b) Sweetclover. To determine the presence of yellow sweetclover in 
samples of white sweetclover, at least 400 seeds shall be subjected to 
the chemical test as follows:
    (1) Preparation of test solution: Add 3 grams of cupric sulfate 
(CuSO4) to 30 ml of household ammonia (NH4OH, approximately 
4.8 percent) in a stoppered bottle to form tetraamminecopper sulfate 
([Cu(NH3)4]SO4) solution used for this test. After 
mixing, a light blue precipitate of cupric hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) 
should form. If no precipitate forms, add additional CuSO4 until a 
precipitate appears. Since the strength of household ammonia can vary, 
formation of a precipitate indicates that a complete reaction has taken 
place between CuSO4 and NH4OH; otherwise fumes from excess 
ammonium hydroxide may cause eye irritation.
    (2) Preparation of seeds: To insure imbibition, scratch, prick, or 
otherwise scarify the seed coats of the sweetclover seeds being tested. 
Soak seeds in water for 2 to 5 hours in a glass container.
    (3) Chemical reaction: When seeds have imbibed, remove excess water 
and add enough test solution to cover the seeds. Seeds coats of yellow 
sweetclover will begin to stain dark brown to black; seed coats of 
white sweetclover will be olive or yellow-green. Make the separation 
within 20 minutes, since the seed coats of white sweetclover will 
eventually turn black also.
    (4) Calculation of results: Count the number of seeds which stain 
dark brown or black and divide by the total number of seeds tested; 
multiply by the pure seed percentage for Melilotus spp.; the result is 
the percentage of yellow sweetclover in the sample. The percentage of 
white sweetclover is found by subtracting the percentage of yellow 
sweetclover from the percentage of Melilotus spp. pure seed.
    (c) Wheat. In determining varietal purity, the phenol test may be 
used. From the pure seed sample count four replicates of 100 seeds 
each. Soak the seed in distilled water for 16 hours; then flush with 
tap water and remove the excess water from the surface of the seeds. 
Place two layers of filter paper in a container and moisten with a 1 
percent phenol (C6H5OH) solution. Place the seed, palea side 
down, on the two layers of filter paper and cover the container. A 
preliminary observation may be made at 2 hours. At 4 hours, record the 
number of seeds in each of the following color categories:
    (1) Ivory.
    (2) Fawn.
    (3) Light Brown.
    (4) Brown.
    (5) Brown Black.
    (d) Soybean. In determining the varietal purity, the peroxidase 
test may be used. Remove and place the dry seed coat from seeds into 
individual test tubes or suitable containers. Add 10 drops (0.5-1.0 ml) 
of 0.5 percent guaiacol (C7H8O2) to each test tube. 
After waiting 10 minutes add one drop (about 0.1 ml) of 0.1 percent 
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). One minute after adding hydrogen 
peroxide, record the seed coat as peroxidase positive (high peroxidase 
activity) indicated by a reddish-brown solution or peroxidase negative 
(low peroxidase activity) indicated by a colorless solution in the test 
tube. Various sample sizes may be used for this test. Test results 
shall include the sample size tested.
    (e) Oat. In determining the varietal purity, the fluorescence test 
may be used. Place at least 400 seeds on a black background under a 
F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tube(s) in an area where light from 
other sources is excluded. Seeds are considered fluorescent if the 
lemma or palea fluoresce or appear light in color. ``Partially 
fluorescent'' seeds shall be considered fluorescent. Seeds are 
considered nonfluorescent if the lemma and palea do not fluoresce and 
appear dark in color under the ultraviolet light.
    34. A new Sec. 201.58d is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.58d  Fungal endophyte test.

    A fungal endophyte test may be used to determine the amount of 
fungal endophyte (Acremonium spp.) in certain grasses.
    (a) Method of preparation of aniline blue stain for use in testing 
grass seed and plant material for the presence of fungal endophyte:
    (1) Prepare a 1 percent aqueous aniline blue solution by dissolving 
1 gram aniline blue in 100 ml distilled water.
    (2) Prepare the endophyte staining solution of one part of 1 
percent aniline blue solution with 2 parts of 85 percent lactic acid 
(C3H6O3).
    (3) Use stain as-is or dilute with water if staining is too dark.
    (b) Procedure for determining levels of fungal endophyte in grass 
seed:
    (1) Take a sub-sample of seed (1 gram is sufficient) from the pure 
seed portion of the kind under consideration.
    (2) Digest seed at room temperature for 12-16 hours in a 5 percent 
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or other temperature/time combination 
resulting in adequate seed softening.
    (3) Rinse thoroughly in running tap water.
    (4) De-glume seeds and place on a microscope slide in a drop of 
endophyte staining solution. Slightly crush the seeds. Use caution to 
prevent carryover hyphae of fungal endophyte from one seed to another.
    (5) Place coverglass on seed and apply gentle pressure.
    (6) Examine with compound microscope at 100-400x magnification, 
scoring a seed as positive if any identifiable hyphae are present.
    (7) Various sample sizes may be used for this test. Precision 
changes with sample size; therefore, the test results must include the 
sample size tested.
    (c) Procedure for determining levels of fungal endophyte in 
seedlings from seed samples suspected to contain fungal endophyte:
    (1) Select seeds at random and germinate.
    (2) Examine seedlings from the sample germinated after growing for 
a minimum of 48 days.
    (3) Remove the outermost sheath from the seedling. Tissue should 
have no obvious discoloration from saprophytes and should have as 
little chlorophyll as possible.
    (4) Isolate a longitudinal section of leaf sheath approximately 3-5 
mm in width.
    (5) Place the section on a microscope slide with the epidermis side 
down.
    (6) Stain immediately with the endophyte staining solution as 
prepared in paragraph (a) (2) and (3) of this section. Allow dye to 
remain at least 15 seconds but no more than one minute.
    (7) Blot off the excess dye with tissue paper. Sections should 
remain on the slide, but may adhere to the tissue paper; if so, remove 
and place in proper position on the slide.
    (8) Place a coverglass on the sections and flood with water.
    (9) Proceed with evaluation as described in paragraph (b) (6) and 
(7) of this section.
    35. In Sec. 201.60, paragraphs (a)(1) and (c) are revised to read 
as follows:


Sec. 201.60  Purity percentages.

    (a)(1) The tolerance for a given percentage of the purity 
components is the same whether for pure seed, other crop seed, weed 
seed, or inert matter. Wider tolerances are provided when 33 percent or 
more of the sample is composed of seed plus empty florets and/or empty 
spikelets of the following chaffy kinds: bentgrasses, bermudagrasses, 
bluegrasses, bluestems, bottlebrush- squirreltail, bromes, 
buffalograss, buffelgrass, carpetgrass, soft chess, dallisgrass, 
fescues, meadow foxtail, galletagrass, guineagrass, gramas, 
molassesgrass, tall oatgrass, orchardgrass, redtop, rescuegrass, 
rhodesgrass, Indian ricegrass, ryegrasses, sweet vernalgrass, 
vaseygrass, veldtgrass, wheatgrasses, wildryes, and yellow indiangrass. 
The wider tolerances do not apply to seed devoid of hulls.
* * * * *
    (c) Tolerances calculated by the following formula shall be used 
for either chaffy or nonchaffy mixtures when the average particle-
weight ratio is 1.5:1 to 20:1 and beyond:
    The symbols used in the formula are as follows:

T=tolerance being calculated.
A=percent which the weight of the component with the heavier average 
particle-weight is of the weight of both components.
B=percent which the weight of the component with the lighter average 
particle-weight is of the weight of both components.
H=average particle-weight for the component with the heavier average 
particle-weight.
L=average particle-weight for the component with the lighter average 
particle-weight.
R=ratio of the average particle-weight for the component with the 
heavier average particle-weight to the average particle-weight for the 
component with the lighter average particle-weight. R=H/L.

TR14DE94.003

T1=regular tolerance for the kind of seed (chaffy or nonchaffy) and for 
(100B)/(B+A/R).

    In determining the values for A and B in the formula, the sample 
shall be regarded as composed of two parts:
    (1) The kind, type, or variety under consideration, and
    (2) All other components. Values for H and L shall be obtained from 
the last column of Table 1, Sec. 201.46, or by laboratory tests for 
inert matter, weed seeds, or crop seeds where such values are not 
obtainable from Table 1. In computing tolerances for nonchaffy kinds 
the values for T1 are taken from column C of Table 3, and for chaffy 
kinds the values for T1 are taken from column D of Table 3.


Sec. 201.61  [Amended]

    36. Section 201.61 is amended by removing ``2.4'' following the 
number ``3'' in the first table and adding ``2.8'' in its place and 
removing ``2.8'' following the number ``2'' and adding ``2.4'' in its 
place.


Sec. 201.62  [Amended]

    37. In Sec. 201.62, Table 4 is amended by removing in the ``100'' 
column ``4.0'' and adding ``4.6'' in its place.
    38. Section 201.76 and Table 5 are revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.76  Minimum Land, Isolation, Field, and Seed Standards.

    In the following Table 5 the figures in the ``Land'' column 
indicate the number of years that must elapse between the destruction 
of a stand of a kind and establishment of a stand of a specified class 
of a variety of the same kind. A certification agency may grant a 
variance in the land cropping history in specific circumstances where 
cultural practices have been proven adequate to maintain genetic 
purity. The figures in ``Isolation'' column indicate the distance in 
feet from any contamination source. The figures in the ``Field'' column 
indicate the minimum number of plants or heads in which one plant or 
head of another variety is permitted. The figure in the ``Seed'' column 
indicate the maximum percentage of seed of other varieties of off-types 
permitted in the cleaned seed.

                                                                                             Table 5                                                                                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            Foundation                                   Registered                                   Certified                 
                          Crop                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Land     Isolation        Field       Seed      Land      Isolation     Field     Seed    Land      Isolation      Field       Seed  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alfalfa:                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Non hybrid..........................................   \1\4         44,48600                                                                                                                
                                                                     (59182.88m)        1,000       0.1      \1\3    3,44,48300                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\91.44m)        400    0.25    1,21        44,49165                      
                                                                                                                                                              (\59\50.29m)        100        1.0
    Hybrid..............................................   \1\4        \43\1,320                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\402.34m)    \42\1,000       0.1  ........  ............  .........  ......    1,21      3,43,44165                      
                                                                                                                                                              (\59\50.29m)    \42\100        1.0
Barley:                                                                                                                                                                                         
    Non hybrid..........................................   \7\1            \23\0        3,000      0.05      \7\1         \23\0      2,000     0.1    \7\1           \23\0      1,000        0.2
    Hybrid..............................................  \30\1         21,32660                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\201.17m)        3,000      0.05     \30\1      21,32660                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\201.17m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )      2,000     0.1   \30\1        21,32330                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\100.59m)      1,000    \55\0.2
    Hybrid (Chemically assisted)........................  .....  ...............  ...........  ........  ........  ............  .........  ......   \57\0        52,53330                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\100.59m)  \54\1,000        0.2
Bean:                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Field and garden....................................   \7\1            \23\0        2,000      0.05      \7\1         \23\0      1,000     0.1    \7\1           \23\0        400        0.2
    Mung................................................   \7\1            \23\0        1,000       0.1      \7\1         \23\0        500     0.2    \7\1           \23\0        200        0.5
Broad bean..............................................   \7\1            \23\0        2,000      0.05      \7\1         \23\0      1,000     0.1    \7\1           \23\0        500        0.2
Buckwheat...............................................   \7\1              660                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\201.17m)        3,000      0.05      \7\1           660                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\201.17m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )      2,000     0.1    \7\1             660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)      1,000        0.2
Clover all kinds........................................   1,95       5,18,44600                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\182.88m)        1,000       0.1      1,93    5,18,44300                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\91.44m)        400    0.25    1,92        18,44165                      
                                                                                                                                                                (\59\50.29        100        1.0
Corn:                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Back cross..........................................      0         10,11660                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\201.17m)   13,461,000   \15\0.1  ........  ............  .........  ......  ......  ..............  .........  .........
    Inbred..............................................      0         10,11660                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\201.17m)   13,461,000   \15\0.1  ........  ............  .........  ......  ......  ..............  .........  .........
    Foundation single cross.............................      0         10,11660                                                                                                                
                                                                     (59201.17m)   13,461,000     150.1  ........  ............  .........  ......  ......  ..............  .........  .........
    Hybrid..............................................  .....  ...............  ...........  ........  ........  ............  .........  ......       0        11,12660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)      1,000        0.5
    Open-pollinated.....................................  .....  ...............  ...........  ........  ........  ............  .........  ......       0        11,12660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)        200        0.5
    Sweet...............................................  .....  ...............  ...........  ........  ........  ............  .........  ......       0        11,14600                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)  .........        0.5
Cotton..................................................      0            \19\0       10,000      0.03         0         \19\0      5,000    0.05       0           \19\0      1,000        0.1
Cowpea..................................................   \7\1            \23\0        2,000       0.1      \7\1         \23\0      1,000     0.2    \7\1           \23\0        500        0.5
Crambe..................................................   \7\1              660                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\201.17m)        2,000      0.05      \7\1       \24\660                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\201.17m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )      1,000     0.1    \7\1         \24\660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)        500       0.25
Crownvetch..............................................   \1\5          5,44600                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\182.88m)        1,000       0.1      \1\3       5,44300                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\91.44m)        400    0.25    \1\2         6,44165                      
                                                                                                                                                               (\59\50.29)        100        1.0
Flatpea.................................................   \1\4          5,44600                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\182.88m)        1,000       0.1      \1\3     3,5,44300                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\91.44m)        400    0.25    1,21         3,44165                      
                                                                                                                                                              (\59\50.29m)        100        1.0
Flax....................................................   \7\1            \23\0        5,000      0.05      \7\1         \23\0      2,000     0.1    \7\1           \23\0      1,000        0.2
Grasses:                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Cross-pollinated....................................  \57\5       4,18,20900                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\274.32m)        1,000       0.1     8,571    4,18,20300                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\91.44m)        100     1.0   8,571   4,18,20,58165                      
                                                                                                                                                               (\59\50.29)         50   47,502.0
Strains at least 80 percent apomictic and highly self-                                                                                                                                          
 fertile species........................................  \57\5        4,18,2060        1,000       0.1     8,571     4,18,2030        100     1.0   9,571    4,18,20,5815         50    \16\2.0
                                                                    (\59\18.29m)                                    (\59\9.14m)                                (\59\4.57m)                      
Lespedeza...............................................   \1\5            \4\10                                                                                                                
                                                                     (\59\3.05m)        1,000       0.1      \1\3         \4\10                                                                 
                                                                                                                    (\59\3.05m)        400    0.25    \1\2           \4\10                      
                                                                                                                                                               (\59\3.05m)        100        1.0
Millet:                                                                                                                                                                                         
    Cross-pollinated....................................   \8\1        \40\1,320                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\402.34m)   \27\20,000     0.005      \8\1     \40\1,320                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\402.34m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )  \27\10,00                                                      
                                                                                                                                         0    0.01    \8\1         \40\660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)  \27\5,000       0.02
    Self-pollinated.....................................   \8\1            \23\0        3,000      0.05      \8\1         \23\0      2,000     0.1    \8\1           \23\0      1,000        0.2
Mustard.................................................      4            1,320                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\402.34m)        2,000      0.05  ........  ............  .........  ......       2         \24\660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)        500       0.25
Oat.....................................................   \7\1            \23\0        3,000       0.2      \7\1         \23\0      2,000     0.3    \7\1           \23\0      1,000        0.5
Okra....................................................   \7\1            1,320                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\402.34m)        \27\0       0.0      \7\1         1,320                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\402.34m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )  \27\2,500     0.5    \7\1             825                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\251.46m)  \27\1,250        1.0
Onion...................................................   \7\1            5,280                                                                                                                
                                                                 (\59\1,609.36m)      \22\200       0.0      \7\1         2,640                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\804.66m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )    \22\200  \22\0.                                              
                                                                                                                                                 5    \7\1           1,320                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\402.34m)    \22\200    \22\1.0
Pea, field..............................................   \7\1            \23\0        2,000      0.05      \7\1         \23\0      1,000     0.1    \7\1           \23\0        500        0.2
Peanut..................................................   \7\1            \23\0        1,000       0.1      \7\1         \23\0        500     0.2    \7\1           \23\0        200        0.5
Pepper..................................................   \7\1          \25\200                                                                                                                
                                                                    (\59\60.96m)            0       0.0      \7\1       \25\100                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\30.48m)        300     0.5    \7\1          \25\30                      
                                                                                                                                                               (\59\9.14m)        150        1.0
Rape:                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Cross-pollinated....................................      4        \24\1,320                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\402.34m)        2,000      0.05  ........  ............  .........  ......       2           24330                      
                                                                                                                                                               (59100.59m)        500       0.25
    Self-pollinated.....................................      4          \24\660                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\201.17m)        2,000      0.05  ........  ............  .........  ......       2         \24\330                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\100.59m)        500       0.25
Rice....................................................   \7\1           \39\10                                                                                                                
                                                                     (\59\3.05m)       10,000      0.05      \7\1        \39\10                                                                 
                                                                                                                    (\59\3.05m)      5,000     0.1    \7\1          \39\10                      
                                                                                                                                                                (\59\3.05)      1,000        0.2
Rye.....................................................   \7\1          \18\660                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\201.17m)        3,000      0.05      \7\1       \18\660                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\201.17m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )      2,000     0.1    \7\1         \18\660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)      1,000        0.2
Safflower...............................................   \7\2            1,320                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\402.34m)       10,000      0.01      \7\2         1,320                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\402.34m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )      2,000    0.05    \7\2           1,320                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\402.34m)      1,000        0.1
Sainfoin................................................   \1\5          5,44600                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\182.88m)        1,000       0.1      \1\3       5,44300                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\91.44m)        400    0.25    \1\2         6,44165                      
                                                                                                                                                              (\59\50.29m)        100        1.0
Sorghum:                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Nonhybrid...........................................   \7\1              900                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\301.76m)   \27\50,000     0.005      \7\1           990                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\301.76m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )  \27\35,00                                                      
                                                                                                                                         0    0.01    \7\1         \29\660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)  \27\20,00           
                                                                                                                                                                                    0       0.05
    Hybrid seedstock....................................   \7\1              990                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\301.76m)   \27\50,000     0.005  ........  ............  .........  ......  ......  ..............  .........  .........
    Commercial hybrid...................................  .....  ...............  ...........  ........  ........  ............  .........  ......    \7\1     21,29,31660                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17m)  \27\20,00           
                                                                                                                                                                                    0        0.1
Soybean.................................................  \23\1            \23\0        1,000       0.1     \33\1         \23\0        500     0.2   \33\1           \23\0        200        0.5
Sunflower:                                                                                                                                                                                      
    Nonhybrid...........................................      1       41,452,640                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\804.66m)          200      0.02         1    41,452,640                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\804.66m                                                                 
                                                                                                                              )        200    0.02       1      41,452,640                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\804.66m)        200    \34\0.1
    Hybrid..............................................      1       41,452,640                                                                                                                
                                                                   (\59\804.66m)      \35\250  \56\0.02  ........  ............  .........  ......       1      41,452,640                      
                                                                                                                                                             (\59\804.66m)    \35\250   34,560.1
Tomato..................................................   \7\1          \25\200                                                                                                                
                                                                    (\59\60.96m)            0         0      \7\1       \25\100                                                                 
                                                                                                                   (\59\30.48m)        300     0.5    \7\1          \25\30                      
                                                                                                                                                               (\59\9.14m)        150        1.0
Tobacco:                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Nonhybrid...........................................    360            37150                                                                                                                
                                                                      (5945.72m)            0      0.01       360         37150                                                                 
                                                                                                                     (5945.72m)          0    0.01     360           37150                      
                                                                                                                                                                (5945.72m)          0       0.01
    Hybrid..............................................  .....  ...............  ...........  ........  ........  ............  .........  ......     360           38150                      
                                                                                                                                                                (5945.72m)          0       0.01
Trefoil, birdsfoot......................................     15          5,44600                                                                                                                
                                                                     (59182.88m)        1,000       0.1        13       5,44300                                                                 
                                                                                                                     (5991.44m)        400    0.25      12         6,44165                      
                                                                                                                                                                (5950.29m)        100        1.0
Triticale...............................................     71              230        3,000      0.05        71           230      2,000     0.1      71             230      1,000        0.2
Vetch...................................................   1,75          17,4410                                                                                                                
                                                                       (593.05m)        1,000       0.1      1,73       17,4410                                                                 
                                                                                                                      (593.05m)        400    0.25    1,72         17,4410                      
                                                                                                                                                                 (593.05m)        100        1.0
Vetch, milk.............................................     15          5,44600                                                                                                                
                                                                     (59182.88m)        2,000      0.05        13       5,44300                                                                 
                                                                                                                     (5991.44m)      1,000     0.1      12           44165                      
                                                                                                                                                                (5950.29m)        200        0.5
Watermelon..............................................     71          262,640                                                                                                                
                                                                     (59804.66m)          280         0        71       262,640                                                                 
                                                                                                                    (59402.34m)        280     0.5      71         261,320      28500        1.0
Wheat:                                                                                                                                                                                          
    Nonhybrid...........................................     71              230        3,000      0.05        71           230      2,000     0.1      71             230      1,000        0.2
    Hybrid..............................................    301         21,32660                                                                                                                
                                                                     (59201.17m)        3,000      0.05       301      21,32660                                                                 
                                                                                                                    (59201.17m)      2,000     0.1     301        21,32330                      
                                                                                                                                                               (59100.59m)      1,000        0.2
    Hybrid (Chemically assisted)........................  .....  ...............  ...........  ........  ........  ............  .........  ......     510        52,53330                      
                                                                                                                                                               (59100.58m)    541,000      550.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\The land must be free of volunteer plants of the crop kind during the year immediately prior to establishment and no manure or other contaminating material shall be applied the year        
  previous to seeding or during the establishment and productive life of the stand.                                                                                                             
\2\At least 2 years must elapse between destruction of indistinguishable varieties or varieties of dissimilar adaptation and establishment of the stand for the production of the Certified     
  class of seed.                                                                                                                                                                                
\3\Isolation distance for certified seed production shall be at least 500 feet (152.07m) from varieties of dissimilar adaptation.                                                               
\4\Isolation between classes of the same variety may be reduced to 25 percent of the distance otherwise required.                                                                               
\5\This distance applies when fields are 5 acres (2ha) or larger in area. For smaller fields, the distances are 900 feet (274.32m) and 450 feet (137.16m) for the Foundation and Registered     
  classes, respectively.                                                                                                                                                                        
\6\Fields of less than 5 acres (2ha) require 330 feet (100.59m).                                                                                                                                
\7\Requirement is waived if the previous crop was grown from certified seed of the same variety.                                                                                                
\8\Requirement is waived if the previous crop was of the same variety and of a certified class equal or superior to that of the crop seeded.                                                    
\9\Reseeding varieties of crimson clover may be allowed to volunteer back year after year on the same ground. If a new variety is being planted where another variety once grew, the field      
  history requirements apply.                                                                                                                                                                   
\10\No isolation is required for the production of hand-pollinated seed.                                                                                                                        
\11\When the contaminant is the same color and texture, the isolation distance may be modified by (1) adequate natural barriers or (2) differential maturity dates, provided there are no       
  receptive silks in the seed parent at the time the contaminant is shedding pollen. In addition, dent sterile popcorn requires no isolation from dent corn.                                    
\12\Where the contaminating source is corn of the same color and texture as that of the field inspected or white endosperm-corn optically sorted, the isolation distance is 410 feet (124.97m)  
  and may be modified by the planting of pollen parent border rows according to the following table:                                                                                            


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                          Minimum Numbers of Border Rows Required       
                                                                                                 -------------------------------------------------------
                                Minimum distance from contaminant                                 Field size, up to 20 acres  Field size, 20 acres (8ha)
                                                                                                             (8ha)                      or more         
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      410 (124.97m).............................................................................  0.........................  0                         
      370 (112.78m).............................................................................  2 (0.8ha).................  1 (0.4ha)                 
      330 (100.59m).............................................................................  4 (1.6ha).................  2 (0.8ha)                 
      290 (88.39m)..............................................................................  6 (2.4ha).................  3 (1.2ha)                 
      245 (74.68m)..............................................................................  8 (3.2ha).................  4 (1.6ha)                 
      205 (62.48m)..............................................................................  10 (4.0ha)................  5 (2.0ha)                 
      165 (50.29m)..............................................................................  12 (4.8ha)................  6 (2.4ha)                 
      125 (38.10m)..............................................................................  14 (5.6ha)................  7 (2.8ha)                 
      85 (25.91m)...............................................................................  16 (6.4ha)................  8 (3.2ha)                 
      0.........................................................................................  Not permitted.............  10 (4.0ha)                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\Refers to off-type plants in the pollen parent that have shed pollen or to the off-type plants in the see parent at the time of the last inspection.
                                                                                                                                                        
\14\The required minimum isolation distance for sweet corn is 660 feet (201.17m) from the contaminating source, plus four border rows when the field to 
  be inspected is 10 acres (4.0ha) or less in size. This distance may be decreased by 15 feet (4.57m) for each increment of 4 acres (1.6ha) in the size 
  of the field to a maximum of 40 acres (16ha) and further decreased 40 feet (12.19m) for each additional border row to a maximum of 16 rows. These     
  border rows are for pollen-shedding purposes only.                                                                                                    
\15\Refers to off-type ears. Ears with off-colored or different textured kernels are limited to 0.5 percent, or a total of 25 off-colored or different  
  textured kernels per 1,000 ears.                                                                                                                      
\16\The Merion variety of Kentucky bluegrass is allowed 3 percent.                                                                                      
\17\All cross-pollinating varieties must be 400 feet (121.92m) from any contaminating source.                                                           
\18\Isolation between diploids and tetraploids shall be at least 15 feet (4.57m).                                                                       
\19\Minimum isolation shall be at least 100 feet (30.48m) if the cotton plants in the contaminating source differ by easily observable morphological    
  characteristics from the field to be inspected. Isolation distance between upland and Egyptian types shall be at least 1,320 feet (402.34m), 1,320    
  feet (402.34m), and 660 feet (182.88m) for Foundation, Registered, and Certified classes, respectively.                                               
\20\These distances apply when there is no border removal. Border removal applies only to fields of 5 acres (2ha) or more. Removal of a 9-foot (2.7m)   
  border (after flowering) decreases the required distance for Foundation, Registered, and Certified seed classes to 600 feet (182.88m), 225 feet       
  (68.58m), and 100 feet (30.48m), respectively, for cross-pollinated species, and to 30 feet (9.14m), 15 feet (4.57m), and 15 feet (4.57m),            
  respectively, for apomictic and self-pollinated species. Removal of a 15 foot (4.57m) border (after flowering) allows a further decrease to 450 feet  
  (136.16m), 150 feet (45.72m), and 75 feet (22.86m), respectively, for cross-pollinated species.                                                       
\21\Isolation distances between 2 fields of the same kind may be reduced to a distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture, if the sum of percentages
  of plants in bloom in both fields does not exceed 5 percent at a time when more than 1 percent of the plants in either field are in bloom.            
\22\Refers to bulbs.                                                                                                                                    
\23\Distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture is necessary.                                                                                       
\24\Required isolation between classes of the same variety is 10 feet (3.05m).                                                                          
\25\The minimum distance may be reduced by 50 percent if different classes of the same variety are involved.                                            
\26\The minimum distance may be reduced by 50 percent if the field is adequately protected by natural or artificial barriers.                           
\27\These ratios are for definite other varieties. The ratios for doubtful other varieties are:                                                         


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                    Foundation   Registered   Certified 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Millet.....................................................................................................     1:10,000      1:5,000      1:2,500
      Sorghum:                                                                                                                                          
          Nonhybrid..............................................................................................     1:20,000     1:10,000      1:1,000
          Hybrid.................................................................................................     1:20,000           NA      1:1,000
      Okra.......................................................................................................         None        1:750        1:500
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\Whiteheart fruits may not exceed 1 per 100, 40, and 20 for Foundation, Registered, and Certified classes, respectively. Citron or hard rind is not  
  permitted in Foundation or Registered classes and may not exceed 1 per 1,000 fruits in the Certified class.                                           
\29\This distance applies if the contaminating source does not genetically differ in height from the pollinator parent or has a different chromosome    
  number. If the contaminating source does (genetically) differ and has the same chromosome number the distance shall be 990 feet (301.76m). The minimum
  isolation from grass sorghum or broomcorn with the same chromosome number shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m).                                              
\30\Requirement is waived for the production of pollinator lines if the previous crop was grown from a certified class of seed of the same variety.     
  Sterile lines and crossing blocks must be on land free of contaminating plants.                                                                       
\31\If the contaminating source is similar to the hybrid in all important characteristics, the isolation may be reduced by 66 feet (20.12m) for each    
  pair of border rows of the pollinator parent down to a minimum of 330 feet (100.59m). These rows must be located directly opposite or diagonally to   
  the contaminating source. The pollinator border rows must be shedding pollen during the entire time 5 percent or more of the seed parent flowers are  
  receptive.                                                                                                                                            
\32\An unplanted strip at least 2 feet (0.61m) in width shall separate male sterile plants and pollinator plants in inter-planted blocks.               
\33\Unless the preceding crop was another kind or unless the preceding soybean crop was planted with a class of certified seed of the same variety, or  
  unless the preceding soybean crop and the variety being planted have an identifiable character difference, in which case, no time need elapse.        
\34\May include not more than 0.04 percent purple or white seeds.                                                                                       
\35\Standards apply equally to seed parents and pollen parents which may include up to 1:1,000 plants each of the wild-type branching, purple, or white-
  seeded plants.                                                                                                                                        
\36\A new plant bed must be used each year unless the bed is properly treated with a soil sterilant prior to seeding.                                   
\37\This distance is applied between varieties of the same type and may be waived if four border rows of each variety are allowed to bloom and set seed 
  between the two varieties but are not harvested for seed. Isolation between varieties of different types shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m) except if      
  protected by bagging or by topping all plants in the contaminating source before bloom.                                                               
\38\When male sterile and male fertile plants of the same type are planted adjacent in a field, this requirement may be waived; provided, four border   
  rows of male sterile plants are allowed to bloom and set seeds. The seed from these border rows shall not be harvested as part of the certified lot of
  seed produced by the male sterile plants. When plants are of different types, the distance shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m) except if protected by       
  bagging or by topping all plants in the contaminating source before bloom.                                                                            
\39\Isolation between varieties or non-certified fields of the same variety shall be 100 feet (30.48m) if aerial seeded and 50 feet (15.24m) if ground  
  broadcast, and 10 feet (3.05m) is ground drilled.                                                                                                     
\40\Isolation between millets of different genera shall be 6 feet (1.83m).                                                                              
\41\Does not apply to Helianthus similes, H. ludens, or H. agrestis.                                                                                    
\42\The ratio of male sterile (A) strains and pollen (B or C) strains shall not exceed 2:1.                                                             
\43\Parent lines (A and B) in a crossing block, or seed and pollen lines in a hybrid seed production field, shall be separated by at least 6 feet       
  (1.83m) and shall be managed and harvested in a manner to prevent mixing.                                                                             
\44\Distance between fields of certified classes of the same variety may be reduced to 10 feet (3.05m) regardless of the class or size of the fields.   
\45\An isolation distance of 5,280 feet (1609.36m) is required between oil and non-oil sunflower types and between either type and other volunteers or  
  wild types.                                                                                                                                           
\46\Detasseling, cutting, or pulling of the cytoplasmic male-sterile seed parent is permitted.                                                          
\47\All varieties of perennial ryegrass seed are allowed 3.0 percent.                                                                                   
\48\This distance applies for fields over 5 acres (2ha). For alfalfa fields of 5 acres (2ha) or less that produce the Foundation and Registered seed    
  classes, the minimum distance from a different variety or a field of the same variety that does not meet the varietal purity requirements for         
  certification shall be 900 feet (274.32m) and 450 feet (137.16m), respectively.                                                                       
\49\There must be at least 10 feet (3.05m) or a distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture between a field of another variety (or non-certified    
  area within the same field) and the area being certified. The 165 feet (50.29m) isolation requirement is waived if the area of the ``isolation zone'' 
  is less than 10 percent of the field eligible for the Certified class. The ``isolation zone'' is that area calculated by multiplying the length of the
  common border(s) with other varieties of alfalfa by the average width of the field (being certified) falling within the 165 feet (50.29m) isolation.  
  Areas within the isolation zone nearest the contamination source shall not be certified.                                                              
\50\Seed of Critana thickspike wheatgrass may contain up to 30 percent slender wheatgrass types.                                                        
\51\Crossing blocks must be planted on land free of volunteer contaminating plants.                                                                     
\52\This distance applies to the seed parent when the contaminating source is wheat of another market class. If the contaminating source is the same    
  market class as the seed parent, the distance may be modified by the planting of pollen parent border according to the following table:               


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               Minimum distance from contaminant                                                 Pollen (parent border) 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Feet                                                           Meters        Feet        Meters  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      330........................................................................................................       100.59            0            0
      275........................................................................................................        83.82           15         4.57
      215........................................................................................................        65.53           25         7.62
      160........................................................................................................        48.77           35        10.67
      100........................................................................................................        30.48           50       15.24 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\Interplanted blocks of seed parent and pollinator shall be separated by an unplanted strip a minimum of one foot (0.31m) in width and be clearly    
  identifiable.                                                                                                                                         
\54\If Foundation or Registered the ratio shall be 1:3000 (Foundation) and 1:2000 (Registered).                                                         
\55\Does not include seed of the female parent.                                                                                                         
\56\Pre-Control Test Standards: If field inspection shows one or more of the following, the applicant may request that seed certification be based on   
  the results of a pre-certification grow-out test approved by the certification agency: a. inadequate isolation; b. too few male parent plants shedding
  pollen when female plants are receptive; c. excess off-types not to include wild types. In such cases, at least 2,000 plants must be observed and meet
  the following standards before seed can be certified from fields with problems listed above:                                                          


  [For non-oil types, seed which contains not more than 15 percent sterile plants may be certified. If it contains 85 percent-95 percent hybrid plants, 
                                           the percentage of hybrid shall be shown on the certification label]                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                             Maximum Permitted          
                                                     Factor                                                      ---------------------------------------
                                                                                                                   Hybrid (percent)    Inbred (percent) 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Sterile Plants............................................................................................                 5.0  ..................
      Sterile or Fertile Plants.................................................................................  ..................                 5.0
      Morphological Variants....................................................................................                 0.5                 0.5
      Wild Types................................................................................................                 0.2                 0.2
                                                                                                                 ---------------------------------------
            Total (including above types).......................................................................                 5.0                5.0 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\57\Application to establish the pedigree must be made within one year of seeding. The crop will remain under supervision of the certifying agency as   
  long as the field is eligible for certification.                                                                                                      
\58\These distances apply when there is no border removal. Varieties that are 95 percent or more apomictic, as defined by the originating breeder, shall
  have the isolation distance reduced to a mechanical separation only. Varieties less than 95 percent apomictic and all other cross pollinating species 
  that have an ``isolation zone'' of less than 10 percent of the entire field, no isolation is required. (Isolation zone is calculated by multiplying   
  the length of the common border with other varieties of grass by the average width of the certified field falling within the isolation distance       
  required.)                                                                                                                                            
\59\Indicates metric equivalent in meters.                                                                                                              

    Dated: December 2, 1994.
Lon Hatamiya,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 94-30367 Filed 12-13-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P