[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 173 (Thursday, September 8, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-22136]
[[Page Unknown]]
[Federal Register: September 8, 1994]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 60
[FRL-5068-1]
Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources Starch
Production Plants
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule and notice of public hearing.
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SUMMARY: The proposed new source performance standards (NSPS) would
limit emissions of particulate matter (PM) from new, modified, and
reconstructed starch production plants. The proposed NSPS implement
section 111 of the Clean Air Act, as amended (the Act), and are based
upon the Administrator's determination that emissions from starch
production plants cause, or contribute significantly to, air pollution
which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or
welfare. The intent is to require new, modified, and reconstructed
starch production plants to control emissions to the level achievable
by the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction,
taking into account the cost of achieving such reduction and any nonair
quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements.
A public hearing will be held, if requested, to provide interested
persons an opportunity for oral presentations of data, views, or
arguments concerning the proposed standards.
DATES: Comments. Comments on the proposed standards must be received on
or before November 7, 1994 at the address noted below.
Public Hearing. If anyone contacts the EPA requesting to speak at a
public hearing by September 29, 1994, a public hearing will be held on
October 11, 1994 beginning at 9:00 a.m. Persons interested in attending
the hearing should call Ms. Brenda Overman at (919) 541-5595 to verify
that a hearing will occur.
Request to Speak at Hearing. Persons wishing to present oral
testimony must contact EPA by September 29, 1994.
ADDRESSES: Interested parties may submit written comments (in duplicate
if possible) to Public Docket No. A-94-18 at the following address:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation Docket and
Information Center (formerly known as the Air Docket) (6102), 401 M
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460. The Agency requests that a separate
copy also be sent to the contact person listed below. The docket is
located at the above address in room M-1500, Waterside Mall (ground
floor), and may be inspected from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through
Friday. The proposed regulatory text and other materials related to
this rulemaking are available for review in the docket center or copies
may be mailed on request from the Air and Radiation Docket and
Information Center by calling (202) 260-7548 or 7549. The FAX number
for the Center is (202) 260-4000. A reasonable fee may be charged for
copying docket materials. The proposed regulatory text and other
materials are also available on the Technology Transfer Network (TTN),
one of EPA's electronic bulletin boards. The TTN provides information
and technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control. The
service is free, except for the cost of a phone call. Dial (919) 541-
5742 for up to a 14,400 bps modem. If more information on the TTN is
needed, call the TTN HELP line at (919) 541-5384.
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at the
EPA's Office of Administration Auditorium, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. Persons wishing to present oral testimony should notify
Ms. Brenda Overman, Industrial Studies Branch (MD-13), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711, telephone number (919) 541-5595, FAX number (919) 541-5600.
Docket. Docket No. A-94-18, containing supporting information used
in developing the proposed standards, is available for public
inspection and copying as noted above. The docket is an organized and
complete file of all the information submitted to or otherwise
considered by EPA in the development of this proposed rulemaking. The
principal purposes of the docket are: (1) To allow interested parties
to readily identify and locate documents so that they can intelligently
and effectively participate in the rulemaking process, and (2) To serve
as the record in case of judicial review.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning specific
aspects of this proposal, contact Mr. William Maxwell [telephone number
(919) 541-5430], Industrial Studies Branch, Emission Standards Division
(MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27711.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The following outline is provided to aid in
locating information in this document.
I. Applicability and Summary of the Proposed Rule
II. Additional Detailed Information
III. Public Participation
IV. Statutory Authority
V. Administrative Designation and Regulatory Analysis
VI. Compliance with Regulatory Flexibility Act
VII. Paperwork Reduction Act
I. Applicability and Summary of the Proposed Rule
Typically, starch production plants are components of larger
facilities that prepare a variety of products. For example, a corn wet
milling facility will normally produce a range of products that can
include animal feed, corn gluten, corn germ, germ meal, corn oil,
starch, and starch derivatives. Starch derivatives can include modified
specialty starches, dextrins, dextrose, corn syrup, high fructose corn
syrup, ethanol, and a variety of sweeteners. Similar ranges of products
may be derived from wheat, potatoes, or tapioca.
The provisions of this rule are applicable to the following
affected facilities at starch production plants: starch dryers, dextrin
roasters, and starch transfer, storage, and loading facilities
(including facilities used to blend, mix, mill, grind, screen, convey,
transfer, store, or load starch). A starch dryer is the equipment used
to remove uncombined (free) water from starch slurry through direct or
indirect heating. A dextrin roaster is a reactor vessel, or a series of
vessels, in which starch is reacted, through the addition of heat and/
or chemicals, to form the modified starch ``dextrin'' (or
``polydextrin''). Starch transfer, storage, and loading facilities
include any facility used to blend, mix, mill, grind, screen, convey,
transfer, store, or load for shipment (into any container for shipment,
including, but not limited to, bag, truck, and rail car), dry starch.
This also includes the bag dumping of dry additives into the starch for
the purpose of producing modified starches.
The source category includes those facilities that produce dry
starch (including modified starches) derived from corn, wheat,
potatoes, tapioca, or other vegetable source, and facilities drying
starch extracted from the wastewater at snack food production
facilities (e.g., potato chips, french fries). The owner or operator of
any affected facility that commences construction, reconstruction, or
modification after September 8, 1994 is subject to the requirements of
this rule.
There are several types of dryers used at starch production plants,
including single-pass (also known as one-pass) flash dryers, ring (also
known as loop) flash dryers, spray dryers, drum dryers, and belt (also
known as conveyor, tunnel, or apron) dryers. A single-pass (or one-
pass) flash starch dryer is a dryer into which the starch is introduced
into a vertical drying column using a kicker mill, screen (e.g.,
cascading), or other means to finely disperse the starch in a hot air
stream. A ring (or loop) flash dryer is a starch dryer similar to a
single-pass flash starch dryer but with additional ducting in the shape
of a ring added at the top of the dryer column for the purpose of
centrifugally classifying the heavier, wet starch granules from the
lighter, dry starch particles. A spray dryer is a starch dryer in which
starch slurry is atomized into a vertically oriented, cylindrical
chamber with a conical base filled with hot air. A drum dryer is a
starch dryer in which starch is dried as a thin film on the exterior
surface of a cylindrical drum. A belt (or conveyor, tunnel, or apron)
dryer is a starch dryer wherein starch is dried on a perforated
conveyor belt through which heated air is drawn to dry the starch.
In summary, the proposed standards would prohibit discharge to the
atmosphere of any stack emissions which contain PM, the only criteria
pollutant emitted from starch production plants, in excess of:
(a) 45 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm) [0.02 grains
per dry standard cubic foot (gr/dscf)] for new, modified, or
reconstructed ring (or loop) flash dryers;
(b) 25 mg/dscm (0.01 gr/dscf) for new, modified, or reconstructed
single-pass (or one-pass) flash dryers; and
(c) 10 mg/dscm (0.005 gr/dscf) for new, modified, or reconstructed
spray dryers, drum dryers, and belt (or conveyor, tunnel, or apron)
dryers.
These proposed standards are based on an analysis of the available
emission test data from the various types of starch dryers.
In addition, visible emissions from the stacks or vents of new
dextrin roasters and new starch transfer, storage, and loading
facilities would be limited to 0 percent opacity, based on a 6-minute
average. Visible fugitive emissions from new starch transfer, storage,
and loading facilities would be limited to no visible emissions.
Affected facilities would also be subject to monitoring and
recordkeeping requirements and certain restrictions of operating
parameters in order to ensure continuous compliance. Continuous
compliance with the PM standard for new starch dryers utilizing dry
control devices (e.g., fabric filters) would be determined by measuring
the visible emissions from the stacks and ensuring that emissions were
less than 3 percent opacity, based on a 6-minute average. Starch dryers
would be in compliance with the PM standard if the opacity measurements
were within the specified limit, and other applicable requirements were
met. Continuous compliance with the PM standard for new starch dryers
utilizing wet control devices (e.g., wet scrubbers) would be determined
by monitoring certain operating parameters. Failure to perform the
monitoring or recordkeeping, or operating outside the specified
operating parameters, would be considered violations of the standard.
Monitoring would be performed daily, weekly, or monthly depending on
the parameter being monitored. These requirements are summarized in
Tables 1, 2, and 3. The EPA solicits comment on this approach to
monitoring and determination of compliance with the NSPS.
Drum dryers and dryers located at snack food processing facilities
having a manufacturer's listed dry starch capacity of 907 kilograms per
hour (kg/hr) (2,000 pounds per hour [lb/hr]) or less would be exempt
from all requirements of the standards, including notification
requirements, because of the low level of emissions from these dryers.
Similarly, dextrin roasters, and starch transfer, storage, and loading
facilities at snack food processing facilities would be exempt from all
requirements of the standards if the dry starch capacity of any of the
individual facilities is 454 kg/hr (1,000 lb/hr) or less, because of
the low level of emissions from these facilities. The EPA solicits
comment on these proposed exemptions.
Table 1.--Summary of Proposed NSPS Requirements--Starch Dryers
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Parameter Requirement
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Emission limit:
Particular matter
Ring flash dryer.................... 0.02 gr/dscf.
Single-pass flash dryer............. 0.01 gr/dscf.
Spray, drum, or belt dryer.......... 0.005 gr/dscf.
Monitoring: Wet Control Device
Continuous measurement and recording of pressure drop across, and
liquid flow rate to, the control device with semiannual calibration.
Failure to continuously monitor and record the pressure drop and
liquid flow rate and exceedances of the operating limits will be
violations of the PM standard.
Dry Control Device or Uncontrolled
Method 9 opacity observation for 1 18-minute period per week during
period of dryer operation
Exceedance of 3% opacity will be a violation of the PM standard.
All Control Devices
Implementation of inspection and logging procedure to include some or
all of (1) daily check to ensure that dust is being removed from the
system; (2) weekly inspection for proper cleaner functioning and
cycling; (3) monthly inspection for wear, material buildup, and
corrosion; (4) logging of broken bags by location to identify
installation or operational problems; and (5) monthly inspection of
pressure drop and liquid flow rate devices (as appropriate).
Failure to inspect and log will be a violation of the PM standard.
Reporting: Wet Control Device
Quarterly reports of exceedances (<90% of either pressure drop or
liquid flow rate established during initial PM compliance test).
Dry Control Device or Uncontrolled
Quarterly reports of exceedances (>3% of opacity).
Test methods and procedures: Wet Control Device
Method 5 for PM standard.
Dry Control Device or Uncontrolled
Method 5 for PM standard.
Method 9 for opacity standard.
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Table 2.--Summary of Proposed NSPS Requirements--Dextrin Roasters
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Parameter Requirement
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Emission limit:
Particulate matter.................. None.
Opacity............................. 0 percent.
Monitoring.............................. Method 9 opacity observation for 1 18-minute period per week during
period of roaster operation.
Exceedance of opacity standard will be a violation of the VE standard.
All Dry Control Devices (e.g., Fabric Filters)
Implementation of inspection and logging procedure to include (1)
daily check to ensure that dust is being removed from the system; (2)
weekly inspection for proper cleaner functioning and cycling; (3)
monthly inspection for wear, material buildup, and corrosion; and (4)
logging of broken bags by location to identify installation or
operational problems.
Failure to inspect and log will be a violation of the VE standard.
Reporting: Dry Control Device or Uncontrolled
Quarterly reports of exceedances (>0% opacity).
Test methods and procedures: Dry Control Device or Uncontrolled
Method 9 for opacity standard.
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Table 3.--Summary of Proposed NSPS Requirements--Starch Transfer, Storage, and Handling Facilities
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Parameter Requirement
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Emission limit:
Particulate matter.................. None.
Opacity............................. 0 percent.
Visible emissions................... No visible emissions.
Monitoring.............................. Method 9 opacity observation of stack or vent for 1 18-minute period
per week during period of facility operation.
Exceedance of opacity standard will be a violation of the VE standard.
Method 22 opacity observation of affected facility for 1 18-minute
period per week during period of facility operation.
Exceedance of the no visible emission standard will be a violation of
the VE standard.
All Dry Control Devices (e.g., Fabric Filters)
Implementation of inspection and logging procedure to include (1)
daily check to ensure that dust is being removed from the system; (2)
weekly inspection for proper cleaner functioning and cycling; (3)
monthly inspection for wear, material buildup, and corrosion; and (4)
logging of broken bags by location to identify installation or
operational problems.
Failure to inspect and log will be a violation of the VE standard.
Reporting: Dry Control Device or Uncontrolled
Quarterly reports of exceedances (>0% opacity).
Affected Facility
Quarterly reports of exceedances (any visible emissions).
Test methods and procedures: Dry Control Device or Uncontrolled
Method 9 for opacity standard.
Affected Facility
Method 22 for visible emission standard.
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Under Sec. 70.3(b)(3), the Administrator must determine whether to
exempt nonmajor sources subject to an NSPS proposed after July 21, 1992
from the requirement to obtain a part 70 permit. This proposed starch
production plant rule does not exempt such nonmajor sources from the
part 70 permitting requirements because the number of nonmajor sources
subject to part 70 permitting requirements is not so great as to cause
a significant administrative burden on the permitting authority. In
addition, nonmajor sources at starch production plants are not likely
to require significant additional technical assistance from permitting
authorities. The EPA solicits comment on this proposal not to exempt
these sources from part 70 permitting requirements.
II. Additional Detailed Information
The proposed regulatory text and detailed evaluation and support to
this notice (contained in the EPA's ``Rationale for New Source
Performance Standards: Starch Production Plants'' accompanying the
proposed rule and this Notice) are not included in this Federal
Register notice, but are available in Docket No. A-94-18 (docket
entries II-A-4 and II-A-5, respectively) or copies may be obtained by
request from the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (see
ADDRESSES). The Rationale Document describes the factual data on which
the proposed rule is based, the methodology used in obtaining the data
and in analyzing it, and the major legal interpretations and policy
considerations in more detail. The Notice, Rationale Document, and
proposed regulatory language are also available on the TTN, one of
EPA's electronic bulletin boards (see ADDRESSES). For further
information about availability of the Rationale Document or Regulatory
Text, contact the EPA contact person designated earlier in this notice.
III. Public Participation
A. Written Comments
The EPA seeks full public participation in arriving at its final
decisions, and strongly encourages comments on all aspects of this
proposal from all interested parties. Whenever applicable, full
supporting data and detailed analysis should be submitted to allow EPA
to make maximum use of the comments. All comments should be directed to
the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, Docket No. A-94-18
(see ADDRESSES). Comments on this notice must be submitted on or before
the date specified in DATES.
Commentors wishing to submit proprietary information for
consideration should clearly distinguish such information from other
comments, and clearly label it ``Confidential Business Information''
(CBI). Submissions containing such proprietary information should be
sent directly to the Emission Standards Division CBI Office, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, MD-13, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27711, with a copy of the cover letter directed to the contact
person listed above. Confidential business information should not be
sent to the public docket. Information covered by such a claim of
confidentiality will be disclosed by EPA only to the extent allowed and
by the procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. If no claim of
confidentiality accompanies the submission when it is received by EPA,
it may be made available to the public without further notice to the
commentor.
B. Public Hearing
A public hearing will be held, if requested, to discuss the
proposed standards in accordance with section 307(d)(5) of the Act.
Persons wishing to make oral presentations on the proposed standards
should contact the EPA (see ADDRESSES). To provide an opportunity for
all who may wish to speak, oral presentations will be limited to 15
minutes each. Any member of the public may file a written statement on
or before November 7, 1994. Written statements should be addressed to
the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (see ADDRESSES),
and refer to Docket No. A-94-18. A verbatim transcript of the hearing
and written statements will be placed in the docket and be available
for public inspection and copying, or mailed upon request, at the Air
and Radiation Docket and Information Center (see ADDRESSES).
IV. Statutory Authority
The statutory authority for this proposal is provided by sections
101, 111, 114, and 301 of the Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 U.S.C.
7401, 7411, 7414, and 7601.
V. Administrative Designation and Regulatory Analysis
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735 (October 4, 1993)), the
EPA must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB), and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Order defines
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a
rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million
or more or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of
the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere
with an action taken or planned by another agency; (3) materially alter
the budgetary impact of entitlement, grants, user fees, or loan
programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients thereof; or (4)
raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the
President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive
Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, it has been
determined that this rule is not ``significant'' because none of the
listed criteria apply to this action (see Docket entry II-A-3).
Consequently, this action was not submitted to OMB for review under
Executive Order 12866.
VI. Compliance With Regulatory Flexibility Act
Under section 605 of the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, 5
U.S.C. 601 et seq., Federal agencies are required to assess the
economic impact of Federal regulations on small entities. The
Regulatory Flexibility Act specifies that Federal agencies must prepare
an initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (RFA) if a proposed
regulation will have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities.
The EPA has projected starch industry growth over the short run,
and concludes that, with or without promulgation of the NSPS being
proposed today, no small entity will be constructing, reconstructing,
or modifying an affected starch facility. The proposed regulation would
apply to a very small number of starch dryers, dextrin roasters, and
ancillary starch handling and loading equipment. Therefore, pursuant to
the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 605(b), the EPA certifies that this proposed
rule, if promulgated, will not have a significant impact on a
substantial number of small entities (see Docket entry II-A-3).
VII. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in this proposed rule have
been submitted to the OMB under the requirements of the Paperwork
Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An Information collection request
document has been prepared by the EPA (ICR. No. 1706.01) and a copy may
be obtained from Sandy Farmer, Information Policy Branch, EPA 2136, 401
M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460, or by calling (202) 260-2740.
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is
estimated to total approximately 2,413 person-hours per year over the
first 3 years the standard is in effect. This is an average of
approximately 90 person-hours per affected facility expected to be
constructed in this time period. This includes time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information.
Comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspects of this
collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this
burden should be sent to: Chief, Information Policy Branch, EPA 2136,
401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460 and to the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget,
Washington, DC, 20503, marked ``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.''
Responses to any OMB or public comments on the information collection
requirements contained in this proposal will accompany the final rule.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60
Air pollution control, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Starch production plants.
Dated: August 31, 1994.
Jonathan Z. Cannon,
Acting Administrator.
[FR Doc. 94-22136 Filed 9-7-94; 8:45 am]
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