[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 165 (Friday, August 26, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-20802]


[[Page Unknown]]

[Federal Register: August 26, 1994]


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Part III





Environmental Protection Agency





_______________________________________________________________________



40 CFR Part 82




Protection of Stratospheric Ozone; Final Rule
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 82

[FRL-5057-3]

 
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.

ACTION: Notice of Acceptability.

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SUMMARY: This notice expands the list of acceptable substitutes for 
ozone depleting substances (ODSs) under the U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) 
program. SNAP implements section 612 of the amended Clean Air Act of 
1990 whereby EPA is required to evaluate substitutes for the ODSs, and 
regulate the use of substitutes where other alternatives exist that 
reduce overall risk to human health and the environment. Through these 
evaluations, SNAP generates lists of acceptable and unacceptable 
substitutes for each of the major industrial use sectors.
    On March 18, 1994, EPA promulgated its plan for administering the 
SNAP program, and issued decisions on the acceptability and 
unacceptability of a number of substitutes (59 FR 13044). In today's 
Notice, EPA is issuing decisions on the acceptability of certain 
substitutes not previously reviewed by the Agency. The intended effect 
of this action is to expedite movement away from ozone depleting 
compounds. To arrive at determinations on the acceptability of 
substitutes, the Agency completed a cross-media sector end-use 
screening assessment of risks to human health and the environment.

EFFECTIVE DATE: August 26, 1994.

ADDRESSES: Information relevant to this notice is contained in Air 
Docket A-91-42, Central Docket Section, South Conference Room 4, 
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 
20460. Telephone: (202) 260-7549. The docket may be inspected between 8 
a.m. and 4 p.m. weekdays. As provided in 40 CFR part 2, a reasonable 
fee may be charged for photocopying.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Sally Rand at (202) 233-9739 or fax (202) 233-9577, USEPA, 
Stratospheric Protection Division, 401 M Street SW., 6205-J, 
Washington, DC 20460.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Overview of This Action

    This action is divided into six sections, including this overview:

I. Overview of This Notice

II. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements
B. Regulatory History

III. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes

IV. Listing of Substitutes Pending Review

V. Additional Information

Appendix A  Summary of Acceptable and Pending Decisions

II. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements

    Section 612 of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to develop a 
program for evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA 
is referring to this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy 
(SNAP) program. The major provisions of section 612 are:
     Rulemaking--Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate 
rules making it unlawful to replace any class I (chlorofluorocarbon, 
halon, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, and 
hydrobromofluorocarbon) or class II (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) substance 
with any substitute that the Administrator determines may present 
adverse effects to human health or the environment where the 
Administrator has identified an alternative that: (1) Reduces the 
overall risk to human health and the environment, and (2) is currently 
or potentially available.
     Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes--Section 
612(c) also requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes 
unacceptable for specific uses. EPA must publish a corresponding list 
of acceptable alternatives for specific uses.
     Petition Process--Section 612(d) grants the right to any 
person to petition EPA to add a substance to or delete a substance from 
the lists published in accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has 
90 days to grant or deny a petition. Where the Agency grants the 
petition, EPA must publish the revised lists within an additional 6 
months.
     90-day Notification--Section 612(e) requires EPA to 
require any person who produces a chemical substitute for a class I 
substance to notify the Agency not less than 90 days before new or 
existing chemicals are introduced into interstate commerce for 
significant new uses as substitutes for a class I substance. The 
producer must also provide the Agency with the producer's unpublished 
health and safety studies on such substitutes.
     Outreach--Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator 
shall seek to maximize the use of federal research facilities and 
resources to assist users of class I and II substances in identifying 
and developing alternatives to the use of such substances in key 
commercial applications.
     Clearinghouse--Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to 
set up a public clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product 
substitutes, and alternative manufacturing processes that are available 
for products and manufacturing processes which use class I and II 
substances.

B. Regulatory History

    On March 18, 1994, EPA published the Final Rulemaking (FRM) (59 FR 
13044) which described the process for administering the SNAP program 
and issued EPA's first acceptability lists for substitutes in the major 
industrial use sectors. These sectors include: Refrigeration and air 
conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; fire suppression and 
explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and 
inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors compose the principal 
industrial sectors that historically consume the largest volumes of 
ozone-depleting compounds.
    As described in the final rule for the SNAP program (59 FR 13044), 
EPA does not believe that rulemaking procedures are required to list 
alternatives as acceptable with no limitations. Such listings do not 
impose any sanction, nor do they remove any prior license to use a 
substance. Consequently, EPA is adding substances to the list of 
acceptable alternatives without first requesting comment on new 
listings.
    EPA does, however, believe that notice-and-comment rulemaking is 
required to place any substance on the list of prohibited substitutes, 
to list a substance as acceptable only under certain conditions, to 
list substances as acceptable only for certain uses, or to remove a 
substance from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes. 
Updates to these lists are published as separate notices of rulemaking 
in the Federal Register.
    The Agency defines a ``substitute'' as any chemical, product 
substitute, or alternative manufacturing process, whether existing or 
new, that could replace a class I or class II substance. Anyone who 
produces a substitute must provide the Agency with health and safety 
studies on the substitute at least 90 days before introducing it into 
interstate commerce for significant new use as an alternative. This 
requirement applies to substitute manufacturers, but may include 
importers, formulators or end-users, when they are responsible for 
introducing a substitute into commerce.

III. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes

    This section presents EPA's most recent acceptable listing 
decisions for class I substitutes in the following industrial sectors: 
refrigerants and air conditioning, foam blowing, solvent cleaning, fire 
suppression and explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, 
coatings and inks. These decisions represent substitutes not previously 
reviewed in the final rulemaking for SNAP (59 FR 13044; March 18, 1994) 
and, consequently, add to the lists of acceptable substitutes under 
SNAP. For copies of the full list, contact the EPA Stratospheric 
Protection Hotline at the number listed in Section V of this notice.
    Parts A through H below present a detailed discussion of the 
substitute listing determinations by major use sector. Tables 
summarizing listing decisions in this notice are in Appendix A. The 
comments contained in Appendix A provide additional information on a 
substitute, but like the listings themselves, are not regulatory in 
nature, and thus they are not mandatory for use of a substitute. Nor 
should the comments be considered comprehensive with respect to other 
legal obligations pertaining to the use of the substitute. However, EPA 
encourages users of acceptable substitutes to apply all comments to 
their use of these substitutes. In many instances, the comments simply 
allude to sound operating practices that have already been identified 
in existing industry and/or building-code standards. Thus, many of the 
comments, if adopted, would not require significant changes in existing 
operating practices for the affected industry.
    As described in the final rule for the SNAP program, EPA does not 
believe that rulemaking procedures are required to list alternatives as 
acceptable with no limitations. Such listings do not impose any 
sanction, nor do they remove any prior license to use a substitute. 
Consequently, EPA is adding substances to the list of acceptable 
alternatives without first requesting comment on new listings.
    EPA, however, does believe that notice-and-comment rulemaking is 
required to place any alternative on the list of prohibited 
substitutes, to list a substitute as acceptable only under use 
restrictions, or to remove a substitute from either the list of 
prohibited or acceptable substitutes. Updates to these lists are 
published as separate notices of rulemaking in the Federal Register.

D. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

1. Overview
    The refrigeration and air conditioning sector includes all uses of 
class I and class II substances to produce cooling, including 
mechanical and non-mechanical refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat 
transfer. Please refer to the final SNAP rule (59 FR 13044) for a more 
detailed description of this sector.
    The refrigeration and air conditioning sector is divided into the 
following end-uses:
     Commercial comfort air conditioning;
     Industrial process refrigeration systems;
     Industrial process air conditioning;
     Ice skating rinks;
     Uranium isotope separation processing;
     Cole storage warehouses;
     Refrigerated transport;
     Retail food refrigeration;
     Vending machines;
     Water coolers;
     Commercial ice machines;
     Household refrigerators;
     Household freezers;
     Residential dehumidifiers;
     Motor vehicle air conditioning;
     Residential air conditioning and heat pumps;
     Non-mechanical heat transfer; and
     Very low temperature refrigeration.
In addition, each end-use is divided into retrofit and new equipment 
applications. EPA has not necessarily reviewed substitutes in every 
end-use for this Notice.
    EPA has modified the list of end-uses for this sector for this SNAP 
update. First, EPA has changed the name of the heat transfer end-use to 
non-mechanical heat transfer. This change is intended to avoid 
confusion between systems that move heat from a cool area to a warm one 
(mechanical refrigeration) and systems that simply aid the movement of 
heat away from warm areas (non-mechanical heat transfer). The second 
change is that EPA added a new end-use, very low temperature 
refrigeration. Substitutes for this end-use have been reviewed since 
the final rule, and therefore have been added for this SNAP update. 
Finally, EPA has also reviewed substitutes for CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-
503 industrial process refrigeration. Please refer to the final SNAP 
rule (59 FR 13044) for a detailed description of end-uses other than 
these three. EPA may continue to add other end-uses in future SNAP 
updates.
    a. Non-mechanical Heat Transfer. As discussed above, this end-use 
includes all cooling systems that rely on a fluid to remove heat from a 
heat source to a cooler area, rather than relying on mechanical 
refrigeration to move heat from a cool area to a warm one. Generally, 
there are two types of systems: systems with fluid pumps, referred to 
as recirculating coolers, and those that rely on natural convection 
currents, known as thermosyphons.
    b. Very Low Temperature Refrigeration. Medical freezers, freeze-
dryers, and other small appliances require extremely reliable 
refrigeration cycles. These systems must meet stringent technical 
standards that do not normally apply to refrigeration systems. They 
usually have very small charges. Because they operate at very high 
vapor pressures, and because performance is critically affected by any 
charge loss, standard maintenance for these systems tends to reduce 
leakage to a level considerably below that for other types of 
refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.
    c. CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 Industrial Process Refrigeration. This 
end-use differs from other types of industrial refrigeration only in 
the extremely low temperature regimes that are required. Although some 
substitutes may work in both these extremely low temperatures and in 
systems designed to use R-502, they are acceptable only for this end-
use because of global warming and atmospheric lifetime concerns. These 
concerns are discussed more fully below.
2. Corrections from the March 18, 1994 FRM
    In the FRM, the components of two refrigerants, R-404A and R-507, 
were inadvertently reversed. R-507 consists of HFC-125 and HFC-143a and 
R-404A consists of HFC-125, HFC-143a, and HFC-134a. These blends were 
listed as acceptable for the same end-uses, so the reversal had no 
effect on the acceptable status of either refrigerant.
    Also in the FRM, EPA listed HFC-134a as acceptable in several CFC-
12 end-uses. In the descriptive text, EPA wrote ``while HFC-134a is 
compatible with most existing refrigeration and air conditioning 
equipment parts, it is not compatible with mineral oils currently used 
in such systems. An ester-based lubricant should be used rather than 
mineral oils.'' EPA's intention was to alert users to the need to use 
lubricants other than current mineral oils, rather than to recommend a 
particular type of new oil. While it remains true that mineral oils are 
incompatible with HFC-134a, it is not true that polyol ester oils are 
the only replacement. Polyalkylene glycol oils are also available, and 
are in fact the predominant choice of the automobile manufacturers. 
Therefore, the portion of each listing for HFC-1234a should have read 
``An appropriate ester-based, polyalkylene glycol-based, or other type 
of lubricant should be used.'' In addition, specifically in the Motor 
Vehicle Air Conditioning end-use the listing for HFC-134a should have 
included the recommendation to consult the original equipment 
manufacturer or the retrofit kit manufacturer for further information. 
For clarity, these changes have been incorporated into the listing for 
HFC-134a in Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning in the NPRM.
3. Substitutes for Refrigerants
    Substitutes fall into eight broad categories. Seven of these 
categories are chemical substitutes used in the same vapor compression 
cycle as the ozone-depleting substances being replaced. They include 
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 
hydrocarbons, refrigerant blends, ammonia, perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and 
chlorine systems. The eighth category includes alternative technologies 
that generally do not rely on vapor compression cycles. Please refer to 
the final SNAP rule (59 FR 13044) for more discussion of these broad 
categories.
4. Listing Decisions
    a. Acceptable Substitutes. These determinations are based on data 
submitted to EPA and on the risk screen described in the draft 
background document entitled ``Risk Screen on the Use of Substitutes 
for Class I Ozone-Depleting Substances: Refrigerants''. In accordance 
with the guiding principles for SNAP, substitutes were compared both to 
the substance they replace and to each other.
    EPA believes the use of all acceptable substitutes presents lower 
overall risk than the continued use of an ozone-depleting substance. 
Not all substitutes will necessarily be appropriate choices for all 
systems within an end-use. Engineering decisions must take into account 
factors such as operating temperatures and pressures, ambient 
conditions, and age of equipment, especially during retrofits. For 
example, substitutes listed under industrial process refrigeration may 
be listed as acceptable for retrofits for both CFC-12 and R-502 
systems. However, these substances exhibit significantly different 
thermodynamic characteristics, and a substitute for one may not be 
appropriate for use as a substitute for the other. EPA believes such 
decisions are most appropriately made by the equipment owner, manager, 
or contractor.
    Users of HCFCs should be aware that an acceptability determination 
shall not be construed to release any user from compliance with all 
other regulations pertaining to class II substances. These include: (a) 
The prohibition against venting during servicing under section 608, 
which was effective July 1, 1992; (b) recycling requirements under 
section 608, which were effective July 13, 1993; (c) section 609 
regulations regarding MVACS which were effective August 13, 1992; and 
(d) the revised production phaseout of class II substances under 
section 606, which was published on December 10, 1993. In addition, 
users of refrigerants that do not contain chlorine should be aware that 
an acceptability determination shall not be construed to release any 
user from compliance with the venting prohibition under section 
608(c)(2), which takes effect November 15, 1995, at the latest.
    Substitutes are listed as acceptable by end-use. These substitutes 
have only been found acceptable for use in the specific end-uses for 
which they have been reviewed, as described in this section. Users of 
blends should be aware that EPA has evaluated and found acceptable in 
each case only the specific percentage composition submitted for 
review; no others have been evaluated. EPA strongly recommends that 
users of alternative refrigerants adhere to the provisions of ASHRAE 
Standard 15--Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration when applicable. 
ASHRAE Standard 34--Number Designation and Safety Classification of 
Refrigerants is a useful reference on refrigerant numerical 
designations. Users are also strongly encouraged to contain, recycle, 
and reclaim all refrigerants.
(1) R-500 Centrifugal Chillers, Retrofit
    (a) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for R-500 in retrofitted 
centrifugal chillers. Because HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b contribute to ozone 
depletion, this blend is considered a transitional alternative. 
Regulations regarding recycling and reclamation issued under section 
608 of the Clean Air Act apply this blend. HCFC-142b has one of the 
highest ODPs among the HCFCs. The GWPs of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b are 
somewhat high. Although HCFC-142b is flammable, the blend is not. After 
significant leakage, however, this blend may become weakly flammable.
(2) CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 Industrial Process Refrigeration, 
Retrofit
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) HCFC-123.--HCFC-123 is acceptable as a substitutes for CFC-11, 
CFC-12, and R-502 in retrofitted industrial process refrigeration. 
Because HCFC-123 contributes to ozone depletion, it is considered a 
transitional alternative. Since it poses much lower ozone-depleting 
risk than continued use of CFCs, EPA has determined that its use is 
acceptable for certain end-uses. In addition, HCFC-123's GWP and 
atmospheric lifetime are significantly lower than almost all other 
alternatives. HCFC-123 is not flammable. EPA strongly recommends that 
users of HCFC-123 adhere to any requirements provided in ASHRAE 
Standards 15 and 34. Worker-monitoring studies conducted by EPA 
demonstrate that in office building equipment rooms, HCFC-123's 8-hour 
time-weighted average concentration can be maintained at or under 1 ppm 
(less than the industry-established AEL of 30 ppm), provided that such 
standards are followed. HCFC-123 is acceptable for use in commercial 
building chillers and should pose no hazard in industrial uses.
    (b) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 
in retrofitted industrial process refrigeration. See the discussion on 
R-406A under retrofitted R-500 centrifugal chillers.
    (c) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-11, 
CFC-12, and R-502 in retrofitted industrial process refrigeration. None 
of the components contribute to ozone depletion. However, HFC-125 has a 
very high GWP and HFC-134a has a moderate GWP. EPA strongly encourages 
recycling and reclamation of this blend in order to reduce its direct 
global warming impact. Although HFC-143a is flammable, the blend is 
not. Leak testing has demonstrated that its composition never becomes 
flammable.
    (d) HCFC Blend Epsilon.--HCFC Blend Epsilon, which consists of 
HCFC-22, HFC-143a, and HFC-125, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-
11, CFC-12, and R-502 in retrofitted industrial process refrigeration. 
Because HCFC-22 contributes to ozone depletion, this blend is 
considered a transitional alternative. Regulations regarding recycling 
and reclamation issued under section 608 of the Clean Air Act apply to 
this blend. HFC-125 and HFC-143a have very high GWPs, and the GWP of 
HFC-22 is somewhat high. Although HFC-143a is flammable, the blend is 
not. Leak testing has demonstrated that its composition never becomes 
flammable.
(3) CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 Industrial Process Refrigeration, New
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) HCFC-123.--HCFC-123 is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-11, 
CFC-12, and R-502 in new industrial process refrigeration. Because 
HCFC-123 contributes to ozone depletion, it is considered a 
transitional alternative. Since it poses much lower ozone-depleting 
risk than continued use of CFCs, EPA has determined that its use is 
acceptable for certain end-uses. In addition, HCFC-123's GWP and 
atmospheric lifetime are significantly lower than almost all other 
alternatives. HCFC-123 is not flammable. EPA strongly recommends that 
users of HCFC-123 adhere to any requirements provided in ASHRAE 
Standards 15 and 34. Worker-monitoring studies conducted by EPA 
demonstrate that in office building equipment rooms, HCFC-123's 8-hour 
time-weighted average concentration can be maintained at or under 1 ppm 
(less than the industry-established AEL of 30 ppm), provided that such 
standards are followed. HCFC-123 is acceptable for use in commercial 
building chillers and should pose no hazard in industrial uses.
    (b) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-11, 
CFC-12, and R-502 in new industrial process refrigeration. See the 
discussion on these blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 
industrial process refrigeration.
(4) CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 Industrial Process Refrigeration, 
Retrofit and New
    This type of refrigeration requires temperatures well below those 
achieved with R-502 or HCFC-22. A limited number of substitutes have 
been identified that are capable of meeting technical requirements. 
These substitutes all contain components with extremely high GWPS, and 
EPA is concerned about their potential contribution to global warming. 
However, under SNAP, EPA intends to only find those substitutes 
unacceptable that clearly present greater overall risk. Given this 
framework, EPA finds these high-GWP substitutes acceptable. At the same 
time, EPA strongly urges industry to develop new alternatives for this 
end-use that do not contain substances with such high GWPs and long 
lifetimes.
    (a) HFC-23.--HFC-23 is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-13, R-
13B1, and R-503 in retrofitted and new industrial process 
refrigeration. HFC-23 has an extremely high 100-year GWP of 9000 
relative to CO2 and a lifetime of 280 years. Its GWP is the 
highest among the HFCs, and its lifetime is exceeded only by the PFCs. 
EPA believes HFC-23 could contribute significantly to global warming. 
In addition, the long lifetime of HFC-23 means any global warming or 
other effects would be essentially irreversible. While the current rule 
issued under section 608 of the CAA does not require recycling and 
recovery of HFC-23, or leak repair for systems using HFC-23, EPA 
strongly encourages users to anticipate future rulemakings with 
voluntary compliance. In particular, EPA urges users to reduce leakage 
and recover and recycle HFC-23 during equipment servicing and upon the 
retirement of equipment. HFC-23 is nonflammable and does not deplete 
stratospheric ozone.
    (b) R-403B.--R-403B, which consists of HCFC-22, R-218, and propane, 
is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 in 
retrofitted and new industrial process refrigeration. Because HCFC-22 
contributes to ozone depletion, this blend is considered a transitional 
alternative. Regulations regarding recycling and reclamation issued 
under section 608 of the Clean Air Act apply to this blend. R-218, or 
perfluoropropane, is an extremely long-lived substance with an 
extremely high GWP. EPA believes this blend could contribute 
significantly to global warming. In addition, the long lifetime of R-
218 means any global warming or other effects would be essentially 
irreversible. R-403B is only acceptable as a substitute for this end-
use. The GWP of HCFC-22 is also somewhat high. Although propane is 
flammable, the blend is not. Leak testing has demonstrated that the 
blend's composition never becomes flammable. In a proposed rulemaking 
soon to be issued, EPA intends to propose R-403B unacceptable as a 
substitute for R-502 in all end-uses because other substitutes have 
been identified which do not exhibit such extreme GWPs or lifetimes.
    (c) PFC Blend Alpha.--PFC Blend Alpha, which contains HFC-23 and R-
116, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 in 
retrofitted and new industrial process refrigeration. Both components 
of this blend exhibit extremely high GWPs and long lifetimes. HFC-23 
has a GWP of 9,000 and a lifetime of 280 years, and R-116, 
perfluoroethane, has a GWP of 9,000 and a lifetime of 10,000 years. EPA 
believes this blend could significantly contribute to global warming if 
allowed to escape refrigeration systems. In addition, the long 
lifetimes of R-116 and HFC-23 mean any global warming or other effects 
would be essentially irreversible. While the current rule issued under 
section 608 of the CAA does not require recycling and recovery of this 
blend, or leak repair for systems using it, EPA strongly encourages 
users to anticipate future rulemakings with voluntary compliance. In 
particular, EPA urges users to reduce leakage and recover and recycle 
this blend during equipment servicing and upon the retirement of 
equipment. This blend is nonflammable and does not deplete ozone.
(5) CFC-12 and R-502 Ice Skating Rinks, Retrofit and New
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in new and retrofitted ice rinks. See the discussion on these 
blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 industrial process 
refrigeration.
(6) CFC-12 and R-502 Cold Storage Warehouses, Retrofit
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in 
retrofitted cold storage warehouses. See the discussion on R-406A under 
retrofitted R-500 centrifugal chillers.
    (b) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in retrofitted cold storage warehouses. See the discussion on 
these blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 industrial 
process refrigeration.
    (c) HCFC Blend Epsilon.--HCFC Blend Epsilon, which consists of 
HCFC-22, HFC-143a, and HFC-125, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-
12 and R-502 in retrofitted cold storage warehouses. See the discussion 
on HCFC Blend Epsilon under retrofitted industrial process 
refrigeration.
(7) CFC-12 and R-502 Cold Storage Warehouses, New
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in new cold storage warehouses. See the discussion on these 
blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 industrial process 
refrigeration.
(8) CFC-12, R-500, and R-502 Refrigerated Transport, Retrofit
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12, R-500, and R-502 
in retrofitted refrigerated transport. See the discussion on R-406A 
under retrofitted R-500 centrifugal chillers.
    (b) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12, R-
500, and R-502 is retrofitted refrigerated transport. See the 
discussion on these blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 
industrial process refrigeration.
    (c) HCFC Blend Gamma.--HCFC Blend Gamma, which consists of HCFC-22, 
HCFC-142b, and HCFC-124, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12, R-
500, and R-502 in retrofitted refrigerated transport. Because HCFC-22, 
HCFC-142b, and HCFC-124 contribute to ozone depletion, this blend is 
considered a transitional alternative. Regulations regarding recycling 
and reclamation issued under section 608 of the Clean Air Act apply to 
this blend. HCFC-142b has one of the highest ODPs among the HCFCs, 
while HCFC-124 has one of the lowest. The GWPs of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b 
are somewhat high. Although HCFC-142b is flammable, the blend is not. 
Leak testing has demonstrated that its composition never becomes 
flammable.
    (d) HCFC Blend Epsilon.--HCFC Blend Epsilon, which consists of 
HCFC-22, HFC-143a, and HFC-125, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-
12, R-500, and R-502 in retrofitted refrigerated transport. See the 
discussion on HCFC Blend Epsilon under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and 
R-502 industrial process refrigeration.
(9) CFC-12, R-500, and R-502 Refrigerated Transport, New
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12, R-
500, and R-502 in new refrigerated transport. See the discussion on 
these blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 industrial 
process refrigeration.
(10) CFC-12 and R-502 Retail Food Refrigeration, Retrofit
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in 
retrofitted retail food refrigeration. See the discussion on R-406A 
under retrofitted R-500 centrifugal chillers.
    (b) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in retrofitted retail food refrigeration. See the discussion on 
these blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 industrial 
process refrigeration.
    (c) HCFC Blend Gamma.--HCFC Blend Gamma, which consists of HCFC-22, 
HCFC-142b, and HCFC-124, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in retrofitted retail food refrigeration. See the discussion on 
HCFC Blend Gamma under retrofitted CFC-12, R-500, and CFC-502 
refrigerated transport.
    (d) HCFC Blend Epsilon.--HCFC Blend Epsilon, which consists of 
HCFC-22, HFC-143a, and HFC-125, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-
12 and R-502 in retrofitted retail food refrigeration. See the 
discussion on HCFC Blend Epsilon under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and 
R-502 industrial process refrigeration.
(11) CFC-12 and R-502 Retail Food Refrigeration, New
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in new retail food refrigeration. See the discussion on these 
blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 industrial process 
refrigeration.
(12) CFC-12 and R-502 Commercial Ice Machines, Retrofit
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in 
retrofitted commercial ice machines. See the discussion on R-406A under 
retrofitted R-500 centrifugal chillers.
    (b) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in retrofitted commercial ice machines. See the discussion on 
these blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 industrial 
process refrigeration.
    (c) HCFC Blend Gamma.--HCFC Blend Gamma, which consists of HCFC-22, 
HCFC-142b, and HCFC-124, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in retrofitted commercial ice machines. See the discussion on 
HCFC Blend Gamma under retrofitted CFC-12, R-500, and CFC-502 
refrigerated transport.
    (d) HCFC Blend Epsilon.--HCFC Blend Epsilon, which consists of 
HCFC-22, HFC-143a, and HFC-125, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-
12 and R-502 in retrofitted commercial ice machines. See the discussion 
on HCFC Blend Epsilon under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 
industrial process refrigeration.
(13) CFC-12 and R-502 Commercial Ice Machines, New
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-407A and R-407B.--R-407A and R-407B, which consist of HFC-
134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in new commercial ice machines. See the discussion on these 
blends under retrofitted CFC-11, CFC-12, and R-502 industrial process 
refrigeration.
(14) CFC-12 and R-502 Vending Machines, Retrofit
    (a) R-404A.--R-404A, which consists of HFC-125, HFC-143a, and HFC-
134a, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in retrofitted 
vending machines. None of this blend's constituents contains chlorine, 
and thus this blend poses no threat to stratospheric ozone. However, 
HFC-125 and HFC-143a have very high GWPs, and the GWP of HFC-134a is 
somewhat high. EPA strongly encourages recycling and reclamation of 
this blend to reduce its direct global warming impact. Although HFC-
134a is flammable, the blend is not. Leak testing has demonstrated that 
its composition never becomes flammable.
    (b) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in 
retrofitted vending machines. See the discussion on R-406A under 
retrofitted R-500 centrifugal chillers.
    (c) R-507.--R-507, which consists of HFC-125 and HFC-143a, is 
acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in retrofitted vending 
machines. None of this blend's constituents contains chlorine, and thus 
this blend poses no threat to stratospheric ozone. However, HFC-125 and 
HFC-143a have very high GWPs. EPA strongly encourages recycling and 
reclamation of this blend in order to reduce its direct global warming 
impact. Although HFC-143a is flammable, the blend is not. It is an 
azeotrope, so it will not fractionate during operation. Leak testing 
has demonstrated that its composition never becomes flammable.
    (d) HCFC Blend Gamma.--HCFC Blend Gamma, which consists of HCFC-22, 
HCFC-142b, and HCFC-124, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and 
R-502 in retrofitted vending machines. See the discussion on HCFC Blend 
Gamma under retrofitted CFC-12, R-500, and CFC-502 refrigerated 
transport.
(15) CFC-12 Vending Machines, New
    (a) R-404A.--R-404A, which consists of HFC-125, HC-143a, and HFC-
134a, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in new vending 
machines. See the discussion on this blend under retrofitted CFC-12 and 
R-502 vending machines.
    (b) R-507.--R-507, which consists of HFC-125 and HFC-143a, is 
acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in new vending 
machines. See the discussion on this blend under retrofitted CFC-12 and 
R-502 vending machines.
(16) CFC-12 Water Coolers, Retrofit
    (a) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in retrofitted 
water coolers. See the discussion on R-406A under retrofitted R-500 
centrifugal chillers.
    (b) HCFC Blend Gamma.--HCFC Blend Gamma, which consists of HCFC-22, 
HCFC-142b, and HCFC-124, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in 
retrofitted water coolers. See the discussion on HCFC Blend Gamma under 
retrofitted CFC-12, R-500, and CFC-502 refrigerated transport.
(17) CFC-12 Household Refrigerators, Retrofit
    (a) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in retrofitted 
household refrigerators. See the discussion on R-406A under retrofitted 
R-500 centrifugal chillers.
    (b) HCFC Blend Gamma.--HCFC Blend Gamma, which consists of HCFC-22, 
HCFC-142b, and HCFC-124, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in 
retrofitted household refrigerators. See the discussion on HCFC Blend 
Gamma under retrofitted CFC-12, R-500, and CFC-502 refrigerated 
transport.
(18) CFC-12 and R-502 Household Freezers, Retrofit
    (a) R-402A and R-402B.--R-402A and R-402B, which consist of HCFC-
22, propane, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-11, 
CFC-12, and R-502 in retrofitted household freezers. HCFC-22 
contributes to ozone depletion, and will be phased out according to the 
accelerated schedule (published 12/10/93, 58 FR 65018), although it has 
a lower ODP than CFC-12. The GWP of HFC-125 is very high and that of 
HCFC-22 is somewhat high. Although these blends contain one flammable 
constituent, propane, the blends themselves are not flammable. In 
addition, while testing demonstrated that the vapor and liquid 
compositions changed during leaks, neither phase became flammable.
    (b) R404A.--R-404A, which consists of HFC-125, HFC-143a, and HFC-
134a, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in retrofitted 
household freezers. See the discussion on this blend under retrofitted 
CFC-12 and R-502 vending machines.
    (c) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in retrofitted 
household freezers. See the discussion on R-406A under retrofitted R-
500 centrifugal chillers.
    (d) R-507.--R-507, which consists of HFC-125 and HFC-143a, is 
acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in retrofitted 
household freezers. See the discussion on this blend under retrofitted 
CFC-12 and R-502 vending machines.
    (e) HCFC Blend Gamma.--HCFC Blend Gamma, which consists of HCFC-22, 
HFC-142b, and HCFC-124, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in 
retrofitted household freezers. See the discussion on HCFC Blend Gamma 
under retrofitted CFC-12, R-500, and CFC-502 refrigerated transport.
(19) CFC-12 and R-502 Household Freezers, New
    (a) R-402A and R-402B.--R-402A and R-402B, which consist of HCFC-
22, propane, and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-11, 
CFC-12, and R-502 in retrofitted household freezers. See the discussion 
on R-402A and R-402B under retrofitted household freezers.
    (b) R-404A.--R-404A, which consists of HFC-125, HFC-143a, and HFC-
134a, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in new 
household freezers. See the discussion on this blend under retrofitted 
CFC-12 and R-502 vending machines.
    (c) R-507.--R-507, which consists of HFC-125 and HFC-143a, is 
acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-502 in new household 
freezers. See the discussion on this blend under retrofitted CFC-12 and 
R-502 vending machines.
(20) CFC-12 and R-500 Residential Dehumidifiers, Retrofit
    Please note that different temperature regimes may affect the 
applicability of substitutes within this end-use.
    (a) R-406A.--R-406A, which consists of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, and 
isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and R-500 in 
retrofitted residential dehumidifiers. See the discussion on R-406A 
under retrofitted R-500 centrifugal chillers.
    (b) HCFC Blend Gamma.--HCFC Blend Gamma, which consists of HCFC-22, 
HCFC-142b, and HCFC-124, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 and 
R-500 in retrofitted residential dehumidifiers. See the discussion on 
HCFC Blend Gamma under retrofitted CFC-12, R-500, and CFC-502 
refrigerated transport.
(21) CFC-12 Automobile Air Conditioners, Retrofit and New
    A smooth transition to the use of substitutes strongly depends on 
the continued purity of the recycled CFC-12 supply. The existence of 
several substitutes in this end-use may increase the likelihood of 
significant cross-contamination. To address this increased risk, EPA is 
proposing several use conditions on the use of all motor vehicle air 
conditioning refrigerants. Please refer to the notice of proposed 
rulemaking, soon to be issued, for more information.
(22) CFC-12 Non-Automobile Motor Vehicle Air Conditioners, Retrofit and 
New
    (a) HCFC-22.--HCFC-22 is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in 
retrofitted and new CFC-12 Non-Automobile Motor Vehicle Air 
Conditioners. In some situations, HCFC-22 may be used as a retrofit 
refrigerant in bus and rail car air conditioning systems originally 
designed to use CFC-12. In addition, while HCFC-22 is the primary 
refrigerant in these uses, EPA is listing it as an acceptable 
substitute for CFC-12 in new systems in order to remove confusion about 
its usefulness. Please note that HCFC-22 is only acceptable in motor 
vehicles other than automobiles. Design differences render HCFC-22 
ineffective in cars. In fact, HCFC-22 may damage automobile air 
conditioners. HCFC-22 does contribute to ozone depletion and will 
therefore be phased out according to the accelerated schedule 
(published 12/10/93, 58 FR 65018). It is therefore covered by 
regulations issued under section 608 of the CAA. HCFC-22 is 
nonflammable.
(23) Non-mechanical Heat Transfer, Retrofit and New
    EPA did not review substitutes for this end-use as part of the SNAP 
FRM, nor did it propose to include this end-use in the refrigeration 
and air conditioning sector in the NPRM (58 FR 28094). However, the 
Agency has developed a better understanding of the volumes likely to be 
used as coolants, and this new information has led EPA to reconsider 
its earlier position that heat transfer systems constitute small uses. 
Therefore, EPA has included this end-use within the refrigeration and 
air conditioning sector. In a subsequent proposal, EPA plans to propose 
narrowed use limits for several substitutes in this end-use.
(24) CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 Very Low Temperature Refrigeration, 
Retrofit and New
    This type of refrigeration requires temperatures well below those 
achieved with R-502 or HCFC-22. Because these systems are used for 
purposes such as freezing blood or for simulating extreme conditions 
for testing, extremely low leakage rakes are essential. A limited 
number of substitutes have been identified that are capable of meeting 
technical requirements. These substitutes all contain components with 
extremely high GWPS, and EPA is concerned about their potential 
contribution to global warming. However, under SNAP, EPA intends to 
only find those substitutes unacceptable that clearly present greater 
overall risk. Given this framework, EPA finds these high-GWP 
substitutes acceptable. At the same time, EPA strongly urges industry 
to develop new alternatives for this end-use that do not contain 
substances with such high GWPs and long lifetimes.
    (a) HFC-23.--HFC-23 is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-13, R-
13B1, and R-503 in retrofitted and new very low temperature 
refrigeration. HFC-23 has an extremely high GWP of 9000 and a lifetime 
of 280 years. Its GWP is the highest among the HFCs, and its lifetime 
is exceeded only by the PFCs. EPA believes it could contribute 
significantly to global warming. In addition, the long lifetime of HFC-
23 means any global warming or other effects would be essentially 
irreversible. While the current rule issued under section 608 of the 
CAA does not require recycling and recovery of HFC-23, or leak repair 
for systems using HFC-23, EPA strongly encourages users to anticipate 
future rulemakings with voluntary compliance. In particular, EPA urges 
users to reduce leakage and recover and recycle HFC-23 during equipment 
servicing and upon the retirement of equipment. HFC-23 is nonflammable 
and does not deplete ozone.
    (b) R-403B.--R-403B, which consists of HCFC-22, R-218, and propane, 
is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 in 
retrofitted and new very low temperature refrigeration. Because HCFC-22 
contributes to ozone depletion, this blend is considered a transitional 
alternative. Regulations regarding recycling and reclamation issued 
under section 608 of the Clean Air Act apply to this blend. R-218, or 
perfluoropropane, is an extremely long-lived substance with an 
extremely high GWP. EPA believes this blend could significantly 
contribute to global warming. In addition, the long lifetimes of R-218 
means global warming and other effects would be essentially 
irreversible. R-403B is only acceptable as a substitute for the 
refrigerants listed above. The GWP of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b are also 
somewhat high. Although propane is flammable, the blend is not. Leak 
testing has demonstrated that the blend's composition never becomes 
flammable. In a proposed rulemaking soon to be issued, EPA intends to 
propose R-403B unacceptable as a substitute for R-502 in all end-uses 
because other substitutes have been identified which do not exhibit 
such extreme GEPs or lifetimes.
    (c) PFC Blend Alpha.--PFC Blend Alpha, which contains HFC-23 and R-
116, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 in 
retrofitted and new very low temperature refrigeration. Both components 
of this blend exhibit extremely high GWPs and long lifetimes. HFC-23 
has a GWP of 9,000 and a lifetime of 280 years, and R-116, 
perfluoroethane, has a GWP of 9,000 and a lifetime of 10,000 years. EPA 
believes this blend could significantly contribute to global warming if 
allowed to escape refrigeration systems. In addition, the long 
lifetimes of R-116 and HFC-23 mean any global warming or other effects 
would be essentially irreversible. While the current rule issued under 
section 608 of the CAA does not require recycling and recovery of this 
blend, or leak repair for systems using it, EPA strongly encourages 
users to anticipate future rulemakings with voluntary compliance. In 
particular, EPA urges users to reduce leakage and recover and recycle 
HFC-23 during equipment servicing and upon the retirement of equipment. 
This blend is nonflammable and does not deplete ozone.

B. Foams

1. Clarification from March 18, 1994 Final Rulemaking
    In Section IX.E. Foams, under the listing decisions for rigid 
polyurethane and polyisocyanurate laminate boardstock (59 FR 13085), 
the narrative under substitute (e) HCFC-22/HCFC-141b incorrectly reads 
as follows: ``The HCFC-22/HCFC-142b blend is acceptable as a substitute 
for CFC-11 in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate laminate 
boardstock foams.'' This sentence should read HCFC-22/HCFC-141b. The 
Agency regrets any confusion this error may have caused.
    Further, the end-use titled ``Phenolic Insulation Board'' requires 
clarification. In this end-use the Agency includes foam products 
manufactured from both the discontinuous block (or bun) process and the 
continuous lamination process. Henceforth, this end-use will be 
referred to as ``Phenolic Insulation Boardstock and Bunstock Foam.''
2. New Listing Decisions
a. Acceptable Substitutes
(1) Rigid Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate Laminated Boardstock
    (a) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. This proprietary 
manufacturing process, developed by the U.S. Navy, transforms organic 
casting resins into electrosettable foaming compounds. These compounds 
are made electrically semiconductive with the addition of electrically 
polarizable particles, and if necessary, an electrically conductive 
fluid. This process enables foam manufacturers to electrically 
accelerate the speed at which they set (i.e., harden) and cure (i.e. 
solidify). Other characteristics such as density, compressibility, 
adhesion, and shear strength can also be electrically controlled.
    Potential health and environmental risks for this technology are 
considered similar to or less than those of other acceptable 
substitutes for this end-use. Risk is expected to vary based on the 
quantity of electrically polarizable particles added in the polymer and 
whether other electrically conductive fluids are added to the 
formulation. Of the six potential electrically foaming agents reviewed 
by the Agency, none represented a significant risk under the SNAP 
criteria for evaluation. Adequate workplace precautions such as 
workplace ventilation were presumed. For additional detail see, ``SNAP 
Evaluation for Electroset Technology.''
(2) Rigid Polyurethane Appliance
    (a) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. See discussion above.
(3) Rigid Polyurethane Spray and Commercial Refrigeration, and Sandwich 
Panels
    (a) Electroset Technology.--
    The Electroset Manufacturing Technology is an acceptable substitute 
for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate laminated 
boardstock foams. See discussion above.
(4) Rigid Polyurethane Slabstock and other Foams
    (a) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. See discussion above.
(5) Polystyrene Extruded Boardstock and Billet
    (a) HFC-143a.--HFC-143a is acceptable as an alternative to CFC-12 
in polystyrene boardstock and billet foams. HFC-143a has a higher 
global warming potential (GWP) than other acceptable substitutes for 
this end-use.
    (b) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. See discussion above.
(6) Phenolic Insulation Boardstock and Bunstock Foam
    (a) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. See discussion above.
(7) Polyurethane Flexible
    (a) Saturated Light Hydrocarbons C3-C6.--Saturated light 
hydrocarbons C3-C6 (and blends thereof) are acceptable as substitutes 
for CFC-11 and methyl chloroform in polyurethane flexible foam. 
Saturated light hydrocarbons C3-C6 offer the potential of a non-ozone-
depleting flexible foam. Saturated light hydrocarbons C3-C6 offer the 
potential of a non-ozone-depleting alternative to the use of CFC-11 
blowing agents in polyurethane flexible foams. Plant modifications, 
however, may be necessary to accommodate the flammability of 
hydrocarbons. Saturated light hydrocarbons C3-C6 are VOCs and are 
subject to control as such under Title I of the Clean Air Act.
    (b) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. See discussion above.
(8) Polyurethane Integral Skin
    (a) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. See discussion above.
(9) Polystyrene Extruded Sheet
    (a) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. See discussion above.
(10) Polyolefin Foam
    (a) Methylene Chloride.--Methylene chloride is acceptable as a 
substitute for CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-14 in polyolefin foams. Methylene 
chloride is a non-ozone-depleting and non-global warming alternative 
blowing agent. Nevertheless, it does pose potential health and safety 
concerns. In addition to occupational and worker safety standards, some 
local and regional restrictions apply to the use of methylene chloride. 
To assess risks in the Polyolefin foam sector, EPA used data collected 
by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for the 
proposed revision of the permissible exposure level (PEL) for methylene 
chloride. The Agency's estimate for total population risk for methylene 
chloride was based on average plant emissions derived from OSHA's 
analysis, and while not negligible, was within the range of existing 
Agency decisions on acceptable risk. For further detail, refer to the 
SNAP background document entitled, ``Risk Screen on the Use of 
Methylene Chloride in Polyolefin Foams for Class I Ozone-Depleting 
Substances: Foams, June, 1994.'' Users of this substitute should note 
that methylene chloride will be subject to future controls for 
hazardous air pollutants under Title III section 112 of the Clean Air 
Act.
    (b) Polyolefin Chemical Blend A.--
    Polyolefin Chemical Blend A is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11, 
CFC-12 and CFC-114 in polyolefin foams. Polyolefin Chemical Blend A is 
a proprietary combination of blowing agents submitted by a polyolefin 
foam manufacturer.
    (c) HFC-152a/Saturated Light Hydrocarbons C3-C6 Blends.--HFC-152a/
Saturated Light Hydrocarbons C3-C6 blends are acceptable substitutes 
for CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-114 in polyolefin foams. Both HFC-152a and 
saturated light hydrocarbons C3-C6 are flammable. Plant modifications 
may be necessary to accommodate this characteristic. Saturated light 
hydrocarbons C3-C6 are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and are 
subject to control as such under Title I of the Clean Air Act.
    (d) Electroset Technology.--The Electroset Manufacturing Technology 
is an acceptable substitute for CFC-11 blown rigid polyurethane and 
polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foams. See discussion above.

C. Solvent Cleaning

1. New Listing Decisions
a. Acceptable Substitutes
(1) Metals Cleaning
    (a) Trans-1,2-dichloroethlyene.--Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is 
acceptable as an alternative to MCF and CFC-113 in metals cleaning.
    (b) Volatile Methyl Siloxanes.--Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxanes and 
decamethylcyclopentasiloxanes are acceptable alternatives to MCF and 
CFC-113 in metal cleaning. Evaluation of other VMS's is ongoing.
(2) Electronics Cleaning
    (a) Trans-1,2-dichloroethlyene.--Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is 
acceptable is acceptable as an alternate to MCF and CFC-113 in 
electronics cold cleaning.
    (b) Volatile Methyl Siloxanes.--Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxanes and 
decamthylcyclopentasiloxanes are acceptable alternatives to MCF and 
CFC-113 in electronics cleaning. Evaluation of other VMS's is ongoing.
(3) Precision Cleaning
    (a) Trans-1,2-dichloroethlyene.--Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is 
acceptable as an alternative to MCF and CFC-113 in precision cleaning.
    (b) HCFC-123.--HCFC-123 is an acceptable substitute for CFC-113 and 
MCF in precision cleaning. New toxicity data has led to an upward 
revision of the company set workplace exposure limit (AEL) of 30 ppm. 
The Agency believes that under normal conditions of use this limit is 
attainable.
    (c) Volatile Methyl Siloxanes.--Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxanes and 
decamethylcyclo pentasiloxanes are acceptable alternatives to MCF and 
CFC-113 in precision cleaning. Evaluation of other VMS's is ongoing.

D. Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection

1. Weight and Volume Equivalence of Halon Substitutes
    In the SNAP Rulemaking published March 18, 1994 (59 FR 13043), EPA 
included weight and volume equivalence data in the discussion of halon 
substitutes. This data was derived from either of two sources. EPA used 
manufacturer data when available, otherwise the data was taken from the 
background document entitled ``Characterization of Risk from the Use of 
Substitutes for Class I Ozone-Depleting Substances: Fire Extinguishing 
and Explosion Protection (Halon Substitutes).'' While this data was 
presented in the Rulemaking for informational purposes only to 
establish a relative concept, the variability of methodologies for 
calculating these values has generated some confusion in the regulated 
and user community. Therefore, at EPA's request, the Technical 
Committee of the Halon Alternatives Research Corporation has developed 
an agreed upon set of data for determining weight and volume 
equivalence of halon substitutes.
    The following table presents weight and volume equivalents for 
certain halon substitutes when compared to Halon 1301. The equivalents 
were calculated using a single, fuel-specific design concentration 
(heptane); therefore, they do not represent the exact weight or volume 
of the agent needed to protect any specific space against any specific 
hazard. The information used to calculate the equivalents was obtained 
from agent manufacturers and NFPA 2001, ``Standard on Clean Agent Fire 
Extinguishing Systems.'' Equivalents are included for general 
comparison and informational purposes only.
    Fire suppression agents must be evaluated in the context of the 
fire extinguishing system equipment with which they are used. Design 
concentration, and weight and volume equivalents are only meaningful 
when evaluated in specific system hardware configurations. This is 
especially important when comparing storage volume where storage 
container fill density varies with the equipment used. Agent fire 
suppression performance will vary with the system used and the detailed 
design of the system. Therefore, fire suppression agent manufacturers 
do not generally recommend design concentration as these are also a 
function of the system hardware in which they are used. Hence, these 
data are provided for general guidance only and do not reflect a 
recommendation for system design or a basis for rigorous quantitative 
comparison.

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                                                   lb/1000                                                      
                                      Design      ft\3\ @ 70  lb agent lb     ft\3\/      Maximum      Storage  
              Agent               Concentration    deg.Fper      Halon     agentft\3\/      fill     pressure\9\
                                     (% Vol.)        NFPA       1301\6\      1301\7\    density (lb/    (psi)   
                                                   2001\5\                               ft\3\)\8\              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Halon 1301......................          \4\5          20.6          1.0          1.0           70          360
HFC-23..........................         \1\16          34.8          1.7          2.2           54          609
HFC-125.........................       \1\10.9          38.7          1.9          2.3           58          166
HCFC-124........................     \1\\2\8.5          33.8          1.6          1.6           71          195
IG-541..........................    \1\\2\37.5          42.0          2.0     \10\10.5       \9\N/A         2175
FC-3-1-10.......................       \1\\2\6          39.3          1.9          1.7           80          360
HCFC Blend A....................        \3\8.6          22.6          1.1          1.4           56          360
HFC-227ea.......................       \1\\2\7          34.1          1.7          1.6           72          360
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:                                                                                                          
\1\Based on 120 percent of cup burner value for n-heptane.                                                      
\2\Based on 120 percent of cup burner verified by listing/approval tests.                                       
\3\Based on listing/approval tests, cup burner value approx. 10 percent.                                        
\4\Minimum design concentration per NFPA 12A, cup burner value approx. 3 percent.                               
\5\Design concentration per NFPA 2001.                                                                          
\6\Ratio of value in Column 3 to value in Column 3 for Halon 1301 (weight equivalents).                         
\7\Based on ratio in Column 4 to ratio of maximum fill density relative to Halon 1301 (storage volume           
  equivalents).                                                                                                 
\8\Per NFPA 2001, NFPA 12A (for Halon 1301).                                                                    
\9\Approx. storage density of 13.3 lb/ft\3\ @2175 psi.                                                          
\10\Based on approx. storage density of IG-541 @2175 psi.                                                       

    Weight and volume equivalencies based on cup burner data are much 
less meaningful for streaming agents than for total flood agents. One 
needs to consider performance of the agents and equipment in larger-
scale standardized tests.
2. Use of CFCs and HCFCs in Portable Extinguishers
    In this notice, EPA is clarifying the relationship between CAAA 
section 610 and section 612 regulations. Under section 610(b) (58 FR 
4768; January 15, 1993), CFCs are banned from sale or distribution in 
all portable fire extinguishers. Under section 610(d) (58 FR 69637, 
December 30, 1993), HCFCs in pressurized dispensers are banned from 
sale or distribution. However, section 619(d) excludes HCFCs which are 
part of an installed `system,' and therefore exempted total flooding 
systems and those streaming applications which incorporate fixed, 
automatic systems (58 FR 69646). Further, section 610(d) only allows 
the sale of a portable fire extinguisher containing HCFCs where other 
agents are not suitable for the intended applications. Suitability 
includes the commercial availability of the agent and the ability of 
the agent to suppress a fire in progress without damaging the equipment 
requiring protection (58 FR 69648). Because alternatives are available 
for residential consumer uses, section 610(d) banned the sale and use 
of HCFCs in portable fire extinguishers for residential consumer 
applications. However, in commercial (including industrial and 
military) settings, the variety of hazards are too broad to make a 
standard rulemaking, and therefore under section 610(d) EPA has 
established industry-based mechanisms for controlling the sale of HCFCs 
to commercial users and owners of watercraft and aircraft. Because 
section 610(d) already bans CFCs in portable fire extinguishers and 
HCFCs in residential applications, it is not necessary for them to be 
listed as unacceptable under SNAP.
    The HCFCs and HCFC Blends that are listed as acceptable under SNAP, 
but that are not acceptable under section 610(d) in residential 
streaming applications are: HCFC-123, HCFC-124, [HCFC Blend] B, [HCFC 
Blend] C, and [HCFC Blend] D.
3. New Listing Decisions
a. Acceptable Substitutes
(1) Streaming Agents
    (a) HCFC-124.--HCFC-124 is acceptable as a Halon 1211 substitute. 
HCFC-124 has an ODP of 0.02, a 100-year GWP of 440 and an atmospheric 
lifetime of 7 years. Its extinguishment concentration, based on cup 
burner tests, is 7.0 per cent, while its cardiotoxic level (LOAEL) is 
2.5 per cent in the dog, with no effect (NOAEL) apparent at 1.0 per 
cent.
    Actual exposures were assessed using personal monitoring devices, 
and the Agency concludes that likely exposure levels from its use as a 
streaming agent do not exceed safe levels when used in a well 
ventilated area. The manufacturer of portable extinguishers using these 
agents should include cautionary language on the label indicating the 
need for ventilation.
    This agent is subject to regulations under section 610(d) of the 
CAA, which stipulates that HCFCs may only be used in portable fire 
extinguishers where other commercially available agents are not as 
effective for the fire hazard. Under section 610(d), HCFCs may not be 
used in residential extinguishers.
    (b) [HCFC Blend] C.--[HCFC Blend] C is acceptable as a Halon 1211 
substitute. This agent is a proprietary blend of HCFC-123, HCFC-124, 
HCFC-134a, and an additive. The cardiotoxic LOAEL and NOAEL for HCFC-
123 is, respectively, 2.0 per cent and 1.0 per cent; the LOAEL and 
NOAEL for HCFC-124 is 2.5 per cent and 1.0 per cent; and the LOAEL and 
NOAEL for HCFC-134a is 8.0 per cent and 4.0 per cent respectively. 
While the manufacturer may, in the future, conduct personal monitoring 
studies of actual exposure levels of this agent, previous studies 
conducted for pure HCFC-123 and for pure HCFC-124 have shown that 
exposure in the breathing zone does not exceed cardiotoxicity values.
    The ODP of both HCFC-123 and HCFC-124 is 0.02 while HCFC-134a has 
no ODP since it contains no chlorine. The respective GWP values for 
HCFC-123, HCFC-124, and HCFC-134a are 90, 440, and 1200, relative to 
CO2, while their respective atmospheric lifetimes are 2 years, 7 
years and 16 years.
    This agent is subject to regulations under section 610(d) of the 
CAA, which stipulates that HCFCs may only be used in portable fire 
extinguishers where other commercially available agents are not as 
effective for the fire hazard. Under section 610(d), HCFCs may not be 
used in residential extinguishers.
    (c) [HCFC Blend] D.--[HCFC Blend] D is acceptable as a Halon 1211 
substitute. This blend is comprised of HCFC-123 plus a proprietary 
additive, and is intended for large outdoor uses such as wheeled 
extinguishers, HCFC-123 is currently listed as acceptable for use in 
non-residential streaming applications. This agent is subject to 
regulations under section 610(d) of the CAA, which stipulates that 
HCFCs may only be used in portable fire extinguishers where other 
commercially available agents are not as effective for the fire hazard. 
Under section 610(d), HCFCs may not be used in residential 
extinguishers.
    (d) Gelled Halocarbon/Dry Chemical Suspension (formerly Powdered 
Aerosol B).--Gelled Halocarbon/Dry Chemical Suspension is acceptable as 
a Halon 1211 substitute. This class of agents is comprised of a variety 
of blends developed for particular markets. Each blend contains one or 
more halocarbons, a dry chemical, and a gel which keeps the powder and 
gas uniform. Both the halocarbon and the dry chemical act on the fire, 
while the gel is consumed by the fire.
    EPA's acceptability listing is extended to any blend comprised of a 
halocarbon with a cardiotoxic LOAEL of at least 2.0 per cent, in 
combination with a dry chemical or multipurpose dry chemical that is 
currently widely used, including monoammonium phosphate (ABC powder), 
potassium bicarbonate (Purple K powder), and sodium bicarbonate. This 
listing decision also includes ammonium polyphosphate.
    The manufacturer of this technology proposes using several 
different halocarbons singly and in blends, in combination with one of 
several dry chemicals or multipurpose dry chemical powders. The 
halocarbons included in the SNAP submission include HFC-227ea, HFC-125, 
HFC-134a, and HFC-125 blended with HFC-134a. The cardiotoxic LOAEL and 
NOAEL of HFC-227ea is, respectively, 10.5 per cent of 9.0 per cent; the 
LOAEL and NOAEL of HFC-125 is 10.0 per cent and 7.5 per cent; and the 
LOAEL and NOAEL of HFC-134a is 8.0 per cent and 4.0 per cent 
respectively. Previous personal monitoring tests of streaming agents 
using pure HCFC-123 (LOAEL 2.0 per cent; NOAEL 1.0 per cent) and HCFC-
124 (LOAEL 2.5 per cent; NOAEL 1.0 per cent) indicate that actual 
exposure to the breathing zone does not exceed these values. Such tests 
with agents which pose greater risk of cardiosensitization indicate 
that HFC-227ea, HFC-125 and HFC-134a can also be used safely in well-
ventilated areas. In addition, the quantity of the halocarbons in this 
technology is approximately half of what a pure halocarbon extinguisher 
would contain and thus there is a built-in margin of safety as it 
relates to cardiotoxicity.
    While all of the proposed halocarbons have no ODP, the GWP and 
atmospheric lifetime of HFC-227ea is 2050 and 31 years; of HCF-125 is 
3400 and 41 years; and of HCF-134a is 1200 and 16 years.
    The dry chemical powders proposed by the manufacturer include 
ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), potassium 
bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate was among the 
original dry chemical extinguishers, followed by potassium bicarbonate 
and monoammonium phosphate which were developed in the 1960s. Thus, 
these dry chemical agents have been in use for decades. These powders 
have been considered generally nontoxic, although if not used according 
to manufacturers directions they can cause temporary breathing 
difficulty during and immediately after discharge. Discharge in large 
quantities may decrease visibility. These powders typically have 
particle sizes of less than 10 microns up to 75 microns, with most 
being optimized at 20 to 25 microns. Ammonium polyphosphate has 
previously been used as a fire retardant additive to products and 
coatings, and the manufacturer is introducing it for use as a streaming 
agent.
    Monoammonium phosphate, commonly known as ABC powder, is a general 
purpose agent which can be used for class A, B and C fires. However, it 
is corrosive on hard surfaces. Potassium bicarbonate (Purple K) and 
sodium bicarbonate cannot be used on class A fires, but are used for 
specific class B and C applications, generally in the commercial 
sector. Ammonium polyphosphate is most suitable for military uses, 
because it is not corrosive.
    An initial assessment of inhalation toxicology of fine particulates 
indicates that some risk is posed when the particles are below a 
certain size compared to the mass per cubic meter in air. Particle 
sizes less than 10 to 15 microns and a mass above the ACGIH nuisance 
dust levels raise concerns which need to be further studied should 
these agents be used in a total flooding application. However, in a 
streaming application, it is unlikely that the exposure level will 
exceed ACGIH dust levels.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological 
Exposure Indices, Fifth Edition, 1986. American Conference of 
Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The particle size distribution for these powders was analyzed with 
a Micromeretics Sedigraph using Sedisperse A-11 as the settling medium. 
Mesh of various sizes ranging from 40 mesh (420 microns) to 325 mesh 
(45 microns) is used to filter the powders into a pan, thus leaving a 
`pan fraction' of powder particles which are smaller than 45 microns. A 
sample of the sediment in the pan is mixed in the Sedisperse medium, 
which is a heavy, high viscosity fluid. An X-ray beam shines through 
the sample and counts the particles as they drift down.
    Using this method, 50 to 75 per cent of the monoammonium phosphate 
is smaller than 45 microns. Of that portion which is smaller than 45 
microns, the median particle size is 20 microns, with 19.5 per cent of 
the particles being smaller than 10 microns, and 3.0 per cent being 
smaller than five microns. Thus, up to 15 per cent (.75 x .195) of the 
entire MAP product is smaller than 10 microns.
    Seventy-four to 88 per cent of the potassium bicarbonate is smaller 
than 45 microns, with a median size of the pan fraction being 17.4 
microns. With 28.4 per cent of the pan fraction being ten microns in 
size, then up to 25 per cent (.284 x 88) of the total potassium 
bicarbonate product is under ten microns. 11.3 per cent of the pan 
fraction is under five microns.
    Seventy-five to ninety per cent of the sodium bicarbonate is 
retained in the pan, and therefore is smaller than 45 microns. The 
median particle size of the pan fraction is 15.0 microns. With 12.2 per 
cent of the pan fraction being smaller than ten microns, then 11 per 
cent of the total product is smaller than ten microns. One per cent of 
the pan fraction is smaller than five microns.
    The manufacturer's data indicate that there are two mixtures of 
ammonium polyphosphate. The P40 mixture has a particle size 
distribution with 50% of the particles less than 10 microns. The 
intended market for this agent is military applications. The P30 
mixture has a distribution with 20% of particles less than 10 microns 
and 50% less than 30 microns. The intended market for this agent is for 
use in domestic and industrial kitchens.

E. Sterilants

1. EtO/CO2 Systems
    In the March 18, 1994 Final Rulemaking, EPA described ethylene 
oxide/carbon dioxide (EtO)/CO2) substitutes for use in medical 
sterilization. Recently, the Agency has become aware of more 
information concerning the design and use of EtO/CO2 systems, 
which is described in this Notice.
    EtO/CO2 is stored in tanks as a liquified compressed gas 
mixture. A tube in the tank draws the liquid mixture from the bottom 
for use as a sterilant. By Department of Transportation (DOT) 
regulations, the tank can be filled with liquid to only 60 per cent of 
its capacity. The remaining 40 per cent capacity above the liquid is 
called the ``headspace.''
    Liquified compressed gases will vaporize into the headspace of a 
tank until equilibrium is reached. Each gas in a mixture vaporizes at 
its own specific rate. In EtO/CO2 systems, the CO2 vaporizes 
much more readily than does the EtO. The CO2 vaporizes to fill the 
headspace, and virtually all the EtO remains in the liquid mixture.
    The starting liquid/compressed gas mixture is 8.5 per cent EtO and 
91.5 per cent CO2. When a tank is filled, some CO2 vaporizes 
to fill the headspace. Because the liquid mixture loses some CO2 
to form this vapor, the percentage of EtO in the mixture is now greater 
than 8.5 per cent. As liquid leaves the tank, the headspace increases. 
More CO2 continues to vaporize into the headspace and the 
percentage of EtO in the remaining liquid mixture continues to 
increase. This results in a liquid mixture that grows increasingly EtO-
rich until the liquid is fully depleted. At a certain point during 
depletion, the percentage of EtO in the liquid mixture increases to a 
point where the mixture may become flammable.
    Once the liquid mixture is fully depleted, only the CO2-rich 
vapor phase remains in the tank. If the depletion is not noted, the 
sterilizer could attempt a sterilization cycle using the CO2-rich 
vapor. Under these conditions, the vapor will not sterilize 
effectively.
    Two methods of supply control effectively address these problems. 
The first uses one-tank-per-cycle ``unit dose'' tanks. The second uses 
larger, multiple-cycle tanks and a weight-sensing system.
    Unit dose tanks hold only enough EtO/CO2 for a single 
sterilization cycle. Unit dose tanks are available for several sizes of 
sterilizer chambers. After a cycle, the depleted tank is replaced with 
a fresh one. Using all of the gas in one discharge avoids the risks of 
flammability and ineffective sterilization which occur in multiple-
cycle tanks. However, replacing the tank after each cycle is 
inconvenient. It also increases the risk of accidental exposure.
    A weight-sensing system uses the tank for more than one 
sterilization cycle. To be safe, such a system must sense when a tank 
is depleted, before either the liquid mixture becomes flammable or when 
only ineffective vapors remain in the tank headspace.
    For many gas mixtures, a pressure gauge can indicate the amount of 
gas in a tank. But for EtO/CO2 systems, tank pressure does not 
change appreciably during tank depletion. As the liquid is depleted, 
more CO2 fills the headspace and keeps the pressure almost 
constant. But as a tank of EtO/CO2 is depleted, the weight of the 
liquid mixture decreases steadily.
    A weight-sensing system monitors the weight of a tank as it is 
depleted. Before the increasingly EtO-rich liquid in the tank becomes 
flammable, the system switches to a fresh tank. The depleted tank can 
then be replaced.
    Such systems are designed with numerous safety features to prevent 
accidental exposure. One drawback is that, when depleted, a tank still 
contains a portion of the original EtO/CO2 charge. If more EtO/
CO2 were removed, the liquid mixture would approach the point of 
flammability.
2. New Listing Decisions
a. Acceptable
(1) [HCFC Blend] A
    [HCFC] Blend A is acceptable as a medical sterilant substitute for 
12/88 CFC-12/EtO. This is the second agent listed under SNAP that can 
serve as a virtual drop-in replacement for 12/88, enabling users to 
transition away from CFC-12 without replacing their existing equipment.
    Under Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the Agency 
is required to regulate any of the 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). 
Ethylene oxide is a HAP, and the user is alerted to follow all upcoming 
regulations concerning the use of ethylene oxide, whether used alone or 
in a blend. Manufacturers and users are alerted to the fact that the 
Agency has issued a Proposed Rulemaking which includes EtO used in all 
sterilizers except hospital systems (59 FR 10591, March 7, 1994).
    This agent has been registered under FIFRA.

F. Aerosols

1. New Listing Decisions
A. Acceptable Substitutes
(1) Aerosol Solvent
    a. Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.--Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is 
acceptable as a solvent substitute for CFC-113 and MCF in aerosols.

IV. Substitutes Pending Review

    The Agency describes submissions as pending if data are incomplete 
or for which the 90-day review period is underway and EPA has not yet 
reached a final decision. For submissions that are incomplete, the 
Agency will contact the submitter to determine a schedule for providing 
the missing information if the Agency needs to extend the 90-day review 
period. EPA will use its authority under section 114 of the Clean Air 
Act to gather this information, if necessary. Any delay of the review 
period does not affect a date of publication. This notice can also be 
retrieved electronically from EPA's Technology Transfer Network (TTN), 
Clean Air Act Amendment Bulletin Board. If you have a 1200 or 2400 bps 
modem, dial (919) 541-5742. If you have a 9600 bps modem, dial (919) 
541-1447. For assistance in accessing this service, call (919) 541-
5384.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: August 9, 1994.
Mary D. Nichols,
Assistant Administrator.
    Note: The following appendix will not appear in the Code of 
Federal Regulations.

Appendix A: Summary of Acceptable and Pending Decisions

                                      Refrigerants.--Acceptable Substitutes                                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           End-use                      Substitute              Decision                   Comments             
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R-500 Centrifugal Chillers     R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 (Retrofit).                                                                   containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
R-500 Centrifugal Chillers     R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 (New Equipment/NIKs).                                                         containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-11, CFC-12, R-502          HCFC-123....................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Industrial Process                                                            containment and recovery         
 Refrigeration (Retrofit).                                                     regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               HCFC Blend Epsilon..........  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-11, CFC-12, R-502,         HCFC-123....................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Industrial process                                                            containment and recovery         
 Refrigeration (New Equipment/                                                 regulations covering HCFCs.      
 NIKs).                                                                                                         
                               R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-13, R-13B1, R-503          HFC-23......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 Industrial Process                                                            containment and reclamation of   
 Refrigeration (Retrofit and                                                   this substitute.                 
 New Equipment/NIKs.                                                                                            
                               R-403B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               PFC Blend Alpha.............  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-12, R-502 Ice Skating      R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 Rinks (Retrofit and New).                                                     containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-12, R-502 Cold Storage     R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Warehouses (Retrofit).                                                        containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               HCFC Blend Epsilon..........  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12, R-502 Cold Storage     R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 Warehouses (New Equipment/                                                    containment and reclamation of   
 NIKs).                                                                        this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-12, R-500, R-502           R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Refrigerated Transport                                                        containment and recovery         
 (Retrofit).                                                                   regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               HCFC Blend Gamma............  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               HCFC Blend Epsilon..........  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12, R-500 Refrigerated     R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 Transport (New Equipment/                                                     containment and reclamation of   
 NIKs).                                                                        this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-12, R-502 Retail Food      R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Refrigeration (Retrofit).                                                     containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               HCFC Blend Gamma............  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               HCFC Blend Epsilon..........  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12, R-502 Retail Food      R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 Refrigeration (New Equipment/                                                 containment and reclamation of   
 NIKs).                                                                        this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-12, R-502 Commercial Ice   R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Machines (Retrofit).                                                          containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               HCFC Blend Gamma............  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               HCFC Blend Epsilon..........  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12, R-502 Commercial Ice   R-407A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 Machines (New Equipment/                                                      containment and reclamation of   
 NIKs).                                                                        this substitute.                 
                               R-407B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-12 Vending Machines        R-404A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 (Retrofit).                                                                   containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-507.......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               HCFC Blend Gamma............  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12 Vending Machines (New   R-404A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 Equipment/NIKs).                                                              containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-507.......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-12 Water Coolers           R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 (Retrofit).                                                                   containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               HCFC Blend Gamma............  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12 Household               R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Refrigerators (Retrofit).                                                     containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               HCFC Blend Gamma............  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12, R-502 Household        R-402A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Freezers (Retrofit).                                                          containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-402B......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-404A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-507.......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               HCFC Blend Gamma............  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12, R-502 Household        R-402A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Freezers (New Equipment/                                                      containment and recovery         
 NIKs).                                                                        regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-402B......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               R-404A......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               R-507.......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
CFC-12, R-500 Residential      R-406A......................  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
 Dehumidifiers (Retrofit).                                                     containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
                               HCFC Blend Gamma............  Acceptable.....  This substitute is subject to     
                                                                               containment and recovery         
                                                                               regulations covering HCFCs.      
CFC-12 Non-Automobile Motor    HCFC-22.....................  Acceptable.....  HCFC-22 may damage automobile air 
 Vehicle Air Conditioners                                                      conditioning systems, which is   
 (Retrofit and New).                                                           why it is only acceptable for non-
                                                                               automotive use. This substitute  
                                                                               is subject to containment and    
                                                                               recovery regulations covering    
                                                                               HCFCs.                           
CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503      HFC-23......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
 Very Low Temperature                                                          containment and reclamation of   
 Refrigeration (Retrofit and                                                   this substitute.                 
 New Equipment/NIKs.                                                                                            
                               R-403B......................  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
                               PFC Blend Alpha.............  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly recommends the       
                                                                               containment and reclamation of   
                                                                               this substitute.                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                    Refrigerants.--Pending Decisions                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Application              Substitute                Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CFC-12 Motor Vehicle     HCFC Blend Delta.......  EPA has requested     
 Air Conditioning.                                 additional data.     
HCFC-22 Heat Pumps.....  HFC-134a...............  EPA has not yet       
                                                   evaluated Class II   
                                                   substitutes.         
                         HFC-152a...............  EPA has not yet       
                                                   evaluated Class II   
                                                   substitutes.         
                         HFC-32.................  EPA has not yet       
                                                   evaluated Class II   
                                                   substitutes.         
                         R-407A/R-407B..........  EPA has not yet       
                                                   evaluated Class II   
                                                   substitutes.         
HCFC-22 Conventional     HFC-125/HFC-134a/HFC-32  EPA has not yet       
 (Household) Air                                   evaluated Class II   
 Conditioning.                                     substitutes.         
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                      Foam Sector.--Acceptable Substitutes                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           End-use                      Substitute               Decision                  Comments             
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CFC-11 Rigid Polyurethane and  Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
 Polyisocyanurate Laminated                                                                                     
 Boardstock.                                                                                                    
CFC-11 Polyurethane, Rigid     Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
 Appliance.                                                                                                     
CFC-11 Polyurethane, Rigid     Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
 Commercial.                                                                                                    
CFC-11 Polyurethane, Rigid     Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
 Slabstock and Other.                                                                                           
CFC-12 Polystyrene, Extruded   HFC-143a....................  Acceptable.....  HFC-143a has the highest GWP of   
 Boardstock and Billet.                                                        those substitutes acceptable for 
                                                                               this end-use.                    
                               Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
CFC-11 CFC-113 Phenolic,       Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
 Insulation Board.                                                                                              
CFC-11 Polyurethane, Flexible  Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
                               Saturated Light Hydrocarbons  Acceptable.....  Flammability may be an issue for  
                                C3-C6.                                         the manufacture and transport of 
                                                                               products. Hydrocarbons are VOCs  
                                                                               and are subject to control under 
                                                                               Title I of the Clean Air Act.    
CFC-11 Polyurethane, Integral  Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
 Skin.                                                                                                          
CFC-12 Polystyrene, Extruded   Saturated Light Hydrocarbons  Acceptable.....  Flammability may be an issue for  
 Sheet.                         C3-C6.                                         the manufacture and transport of 
                                                                               products. Hydrocarbons are VOCs  
                                                                               and are subject to control under 
                                                                               Title I of the Clean Air Act.    
                               Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
CFC-12, CFC-114, CFC-11        Methylene Chloride..........  Acceptable.....  Revised OSHA PELs have been       
 Polyolefin.                                                                   proposed at 25 ppm (TWA) for     
                                                                               methylene chloride (11/7/91).    
                                                                               Subject to meeting all future    
                                                                               ambient air controls for         
                                                                               hazardous air pollutants under   
                                                                               Title III section 112, of the    
                                                                               1990 CAA Amendments. RCRA        
                                                                               standards must be met.           
                               HFC-152a/Saturated Light      Acceptable.....  Flammability may be an issue for  
                                Hydrocarbons.                                  the manufacture and transport of 
                                                                               products. Major sources of VOC   
                                                                               emissions are subject to the New 
                                                                               Source Review (NSR) program.     
                               Chemical Blend A............  Acceptable.....  Proprietary blend.                
                               Electroset Technology.......  Acceptable.....  Proprietary technology.           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Solvents.--Acceptable Substitutes                                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           End-use                      Substitute               Decision                  Comments             
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Metals Cleaning With CFC-113,  Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene..  Acceptable.                                        
 MCF.                                                                                                           
                               Volatile Methyl Siloxanes...  Acceptable.....  Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxanes and 
                                                                               decamethylcyclopentasiloxanes are
                                                                               acceptable alternatives.         
                                                                               Evaluation of other VMS's is     
                                                                               ongoing.                         
Electronics Cleaning With CFC- Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene..  Acceptable.                                        
 113, MCF.                                                                                                      
                               Volatile Methyl Siloxanes...  Acceptable.....  Octamethyl cyclotetras iloxanes   
                                                                               and decamethy lcyclopentas       
                                                                               iloxanes are acceptable          
                                                                               alternatives. Evaluation of other
                                                                               VMS's is ongoing.                
Precision Cleaning With CFC-   Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene..  Acceptable.                                        
 113, MCF.                                                                                                      
                               HCFC-123....................  Acceptable.....  New toxicity data has led to an   
                                                                               upward revision of the company   
                                                                               set workplace exposure limit     
                                                                               (AEL) of 30 ppm. The Agency      
                                                                               believes that under normal       
                                                                               conditions of use, this limit is 
                                                                               acceptable.                      
                               Volatile Methyl Siloxanes...  Acceptable.....  Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxanes and 
                                                                               decamethylcyclopentasiloxanes are
                                                                               acceptable alternatives.         
                                                                               Evaluation of other VMS's is     
                                                                               ongoing.                         
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                       Foams.--Pending Substitutes                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CFC-11, CFC-113 Rigid    Vacuum panels..........  Agency has not        
 Polyurethane,                                     completed review of  
 Applicance Foams.                                 data.                
Polyurethane, Rigid....  HFC-356................  Insufficient data.    
                                                   Also need information
                                                   on proposed end-     
                                                   use(s).              
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                 Solvent Cleaning.--Pending Substitutes                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Precision Cleaning w/    Chlorobromomethane.....  Agency has not        
 CFR-113, MCF.                                     completed review of  
                                                   data.                
------------------------------------------------------------------------


              Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection.--Acceptable Substitutes: Streaming Agents              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Application                    Substitute               Decision                  Comments             
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Halon 1211 Streaming Agents..  HCFC-124....................  Acceptable.....  This agent is banned in           
                                                                               residential applications per     
                                                                               section 610(d) of the CAAA.      
                               [HCFC Blend] C..............  Acceptable.....  This agent is banned in           
                                                                               residential applications per     
                                                                               section 610(d) of the CAAA.      
                               [HCFC Blend] D..............  Acceptable.....  The intended market for this agent
                                                                               is Large, outdoor applications.  
                                                                               This agent is banned in          
                                                                               residential applications per     
                                                                               section 610(d) of the CAAA.      
                               Gelled Halocarbon/Dry         Acceptable.....  This agent was formerly           
                                Chemical Suspension.                           indentified as Powdered Aerosol  
                                                                               B.                               
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


     Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection.--Pending Substitutes    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Halon 1211 Streaming     HFC-227ea..............  Complete SNAP         
 agents.                                           submission and       
                                                   personal monitoring  
                                                   data required.       
------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------
        End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Halon 1301.............  [HFC Blend] A..........  Agency analysis of    
                                                   this agent is not yet
                                                   complete.            
Total flooding agents..  [Inert Gas Blend] B....  Pending receipt of    
                                                   medical assessment by
                                                   peer review panel.   
                         [Inert Gas Blend] C....  Pending receipt of    
                                                   medical assessment by
                                                   peer review panel.   
                         [Powdered Aerosol] A...  For use in occupied   
                                                   areas, pending       
                                                   medical assessment by
                                                   peer review panel.   
                         [Water Mist System] A..  Pending receipt of    
                                                   medical assessment by
                                                   peer review panel.   
                         [Water Mist System] B..  Pending receipt of    
                                                   medical assessment by
                                                   peer review panel.   
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                             Sterilants.--Acceptable                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       End-use             Substitute             Decision                Conditions               Comments     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12/88 Blend of EtO/   [HCFC Blend] A......  Acceptable..........  This agent has received    ...................
 CFC-12 Sterilant.                                                 FIFRA registration.                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                          Sterilants.--Pending                          
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
12/88 Blend of EtO/CFC-  HFC-125................  Pending FIFRA         
 12.                                               registration and     
                                                   completion of Agency 
                                                   review.              
Sterilant..............  HFC-227ea..............  Pending FIFRA         
                                                   registration and     
                                                   receipt of complete  
                                                   SNAP submission.     
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                    Aerosols.--Acceptable Substitutes                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CFC-11, CFC-113, MCF,    Trans-1,2-                                     
 HCFC-141b as aerosol     dichloroethylene. .                           
 solvents.                                                              
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                           Aerosols.--Pending                           
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CFC-11, CFC-113, MCF,    Monochlorotoluene/benzo  Agency has not        
 HCFC-141b as aerosol     trifluorides.            completed review.    
 solvents.                                         Data submission      
                                                   pending.             
CFC-12 as aerosol        HFC-4310mee............  Agency has not        
 propellant.                                       completed review of  
                                                   this data.           
                                                   Premanufacture Notice
                                                   review under the     
                                                   Toxic Substances     
                                                   Control Act not yet  
                                                   completed.           
                         Perfluorocarbons         Agency has not        
                          (C6F14) and              completed review.    
                          Perfluoropolyethers.     Data submission      
                                                   pending.             
                         HFC-227................  FDA approval still    
                                                   required in metered  
                                                   dose inhalers.       
------------------------------------------------------------------------


           Adhesives, Coatings and Inks.--Pending Substitutes           
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Metals cleaning w/CFC-   Monochloro-toluene/      Agency has not        
 113, MCF.                benzo-trifluorides.      completed review of  
                                                   data. Evaluation of  
                                                   exposure and toxicity
                                                   data still ongoing.  
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 94-20802 Filed 8-25-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P-M