[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 164 (Thursday, August 25, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-20473]


[[Page Unknown]]

[Federal Register: August 25, 1994]


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DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

29 CFR Part 1960

[Docket No. F-01]

 

Request by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for an 
Alternate Standard for Emergency Egress in Air Traffic Control Towers 
(ATCTs)

AGENCY: Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Department 
of Labor.

ACTION: Proposed rule; Request for Comments.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The FAA has requested approval from OSHA for an alternate 
standard regulating emergency egress in Air Traffic Control Towers 
(ATCTs). In this notice. OSHA has published the proposed alternate 
standard for public review and comments.

DATES: The last date for interested persons to submit comments is 
September 26, 1994.

ADDRESSES: Comments are to be sent to the Docket Office, Docket No. F-
01, U.S. Department of Labor, Room N2625, 200 Constitution Avenue, 
N.W., Washington, DC 20210.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. John Plummer, OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, Director, Office of 
Federal Agency Programs, Room N3112, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., 
Washington, DC 20210; Telephone: (202) 219-8151.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 19 of the Occupational Safety and 
Health Act (the Act) contains provisions to assure safe and healthful 
working conditions for Federal employees. Under that section, it is the 
responsibility of the head of each Federal agency to establish and 
maintain an effective and comprehensive occupational safety and health 
program which is consistent with the standards promulgated under 
section 6 of the Act. The Secretary of Labor (the Secretary), under 
section 19, is to report to the President certain evaluations and 
recommendations with respect to the programs of the various agencies, 
and the duties which section 24 of the Act imposes on the Secretary of 
Labor necessarily extend to the collection, compilation, and analysis 
of the occupational safety and health statistics from the Federal 
Government.
    Executive Order 12196, Occupational Safety and Health Programs for 
Federal Employees, issued February 26, 1980, prescribes additional 
responsibilities for the heads of agencies, the Secretary, and the 
General Services Administrator. Among other duties, the Secretary is 
required to issue basic program element in accordance with which the 
heads of agencies shall operate their safety and health programs. These 
basic program elements are set forth in 29 CFR Part 1960. Although 
agency heads are required to comply with all standards issued under 
section 6 of the Act and to operate a program in accordance with the 
basic program elements, those elements contain numerous provisions 
which, by their terms, permit agency heads the flexibility necessary to 
implement their programs in a manner consistent with their respective 
missions, sizes, and organization. Thus, an agency head, after 
consultation with agency employees or their representatives and with 
appropriate safety and health committees may request the Secretary to 
consider approval of an alternate standard. Pursuant to 29 CFR 1960.17, 
when requesting an alternate standard the agency head must do the 
following:
    (a) Any request by the head of the agency for an alternate standard 
shall be transmitted to the Secretary.
    (b) Any such request for an alternate standard shall not be 
approved by the Secretary unless it provides equivalent or greater 
protection for affected employees. Any such request shall include:
    (1) A statement of why the agency cannot comply with the OSHA 
standard or wants to adopt an alternate standard;
    (2) A description of the alternate standard;
    (3) An explanation of how the alternate standard provides 
equivalent or greater protection for the affected employees;
    (4) A description of interim protective measures afforded employees 
until a decision is rendered by the Secretary of Labor; and
    (5) A summary of written comments, if any, from interested 
employees, employee representative, and occupational safety and health 
committees.
    This Notice is a request for comment on the proposed alternate 
standard submitted to OSHA by the FAA. This action is intended to 
assist the Secretary in assuring that ample opportunity has been given 
to allow affected employees, employee representatives and interested 
parties, such as occupational safety and health committees, to comment 
on the effectiveness of the proposed alternate standard and on its 
equivalence to appropriate OSHA standards. The Secretary also believes 
that review of this alternate standard by the scientific community and 
those National Committees responsible for developing comparable 
standards is essential so that workers in ATCTs are free from the 
hazards posed by inappropriate means of egress.

Alternate Standard

    The FAA provided materials in support of the proposed alternate 
standard to 29 CFR 1910.36 (b)(8). FAA's request was based on the 
following:
     A number of specifications established in the existing 
alternate standard for ATCTs require types of construction beyond those 
mandated in OSHA regulations or in life safety and building codes.
     A licensed fire protection engineer has provided several 
alternate protection measures for ATCTs which were not included in the 
existing alternate standard.
     The existing alternate standard does not address important 
operational ATCT requirements (e.g., 360 degrees field of vision at the 
cab level) or their relationship with protective structural or 
procedural features.

Additionally, FAA describes the alternate as follows:
    The revision to the existing alternate standard provides types of 
ATCT construction and methods of operation which enhance the fire 
detection and notification, fire resistance, smoke control, and 
emergency response features for ATCTs. These features provide early 
warning of the presence of fire or smoke, flame and smoke spread 
control, and automatic notification of emergency response units such 
that a level of fire safety equivalent to two means of egress are 
afforded ATCT occupants.
    FAA contends that the alternate standard provides equivalent or 
greater protection for the affected employees because of enhancements 
such as, but not limited to:
     An ATCT stairway smoke control system;
     Fire resistant rated materials for stairway enclosures and 
openings;
     Self-closing or automatic fire doors;
     ATCT fire alarm system wiring in accordance with NFPA 72 
reliability standards;
     Automatic smoke detection;
     Automatic fire detection, alarm, and signaling systems 
with automatic fire department and ATCT notification and ATCT cab 
annunciator panels with battery backup;
     Prohibition of storage of high hazard materials or use of 
more then minimal amounts of high hazard materials for specific duties;
     Occupancy above the level of exit discharge only be able-
bodied persons;
     Prescribed quality and type of interior finish materials;
     Specified levels of fire resistant rated opening 
protective to base buildings.
    Commenters are requested to comment on FAA's finding of equivalency 
as well as on the appropriateness of the enhancements.
    Comments are requested on the following:
    (1) Is an alternate standard necessary, or are technologies such 
that two means of egress are possible in ATCTs?
    (2) Should an alternate standard be designed and formatted like 
equivalent OSHA standards?
    (3) Does this alternate standard provide equivalent protection for 
affected employees as does the equivalent OSHA standard?
    (4) What interim measures should be in effect while approval for 
this alternate standard is being considered?
    (5) Should Chapter 12 be revised in accordance with the new Life 
Safety Codes (LSC)?
    (6) Are there requirements set forth in Chapter 12 which are 
inappropriate?
    (7) Should there be requirements proposed in Chapter 12 which go 
beyond the concept of allowing a single means of egress, e.g. width of 
steps, slopes of ladders, etc.?

Public Participation

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and 
comments with respect to this alternate standard. These comments must 
be postmarked on or before (insert date 30 days after publication in 
the Federal Register), and submitted in quadruplicate to the Docket 
Office, Docket No. F-01, Room N2625, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 
Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20210. Comments limited to 10 
pages or less also may be transmitted by facsimile to (202) 219-5046, 
provided the original and three copies are sent to the Docket Office 
thereafter.
    Written submissions must clearly identify the provisions of the 
alternate standard which are being addressed and the position taken 
with respect to each issue. The data, views, and comments that are 
submitted will be available for public inspection and copying at the 
above address.

    Signed at Washington, DC this 12th day of August, 1994.
Joseph A. Dear,
Assistant Secretary of Labor.

Alternate Emergency Egress Standard for Airport Traffic Control 
Towers--Final Version

August 30, 1993.

Alternate Emergency Egress Standard for Air Traffic Control Towers 
(ATCT)

a. Scope and Application

    1. General. Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) are unique 
structures used for the control of aircraft, usually over or near an 
airport facility. The distinctive mission of ATCTs requires ATCT 
designs that permit 360 deg. visibility at the cab level and, in 
many cases, sufficient space for radar equipment and administrative 
activities related to ATCT operations.
    2. This standard applies to all ATCTs.
    3. Specific. This standard sets forth minimum fundamental 
requirements essential to providing a safe means of egress from fire 
and similar emergencies. Nothing in this standard shall be construed 
to prohibit a better type of building construction, more exits, or 
otherwise safer conditions than the minimum requirements specified 
herein.
    4. Equivalent Protection. The use of alternative arrangements or 
construction, developed or approved by a licensed fire protection 
engineer, may be permitted by the authority having jurisdiction when 
it is shown that these features provide a level of safety to life 
equivalent to that required in this standard or, where this standard 
is silent on an issue, by other standards or codes.

b. Definitions

    1. ``Aisle'' is a passageway between rows of desks, cabinets, 
equipment, etc, generally within a room or work area which leads to 
or connects with a corridor.
    2. ``Approved'' refers to equipment listed or approved by a 
nationally recognized testing laboratory.
    3. ``ASTM'' represents the American Society for Testing and 
Materials, who establishes flame spread characteristics for 
materials used in building construction and furnishing.
    4. ``ATCT'' represents an airport traffic control tower and is 
an occupied structure containing equipment and supplies necessary 
for aircraft control and related activities.
    5. ``Authority Having Jurisdiction'' is the Department of Labor, 
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The Federal Aviation 
Administration (FAA) is responsible for implementing the 
requirements of this standard for FAA-owned or occupied ATCTs.
    6. ``Base Building'' is a single or multiple level structure 
attached to an ATCT and which may house administrative, air traffic 
control, or facility management functions.
    7. ``Corridor'' is an enclosed passageway which limits the means 
of egress to a single path of travel.
    8. ``Decorations'' are curtains, hangings, draperies, mirrors, 
or other embellishments suspended from walls or ceilings.
    9. ``Draftstopping'' is any building material installed to 
prevent the movement of air, smoke, gases, and flame to other areas 
of the building through large concealed passages such as attic 
spaces and floor assemblies with suspended ceilings or open-web 
trusses.
    10. ``Emergency action plan'' is a plan for a workplace, or 
parts thereof, describing what procedures the employer and employees 
must take to ensure employee safety from fire or other emergencies.
    11. ``Emergency escape route'' is the route that employees are 
directed to follow in the event they are required to evacuate the 
workplace or seek a designated refuge area.
    12. ``Exit'' is that portion of a means of egress which is 
separated from all other spaces of the building or structure by 
construction or equipment as required in this standard to provide a 
protected way of travel to the exit discharge.
    13. ``Exit access'' is that portions of a means of egress which 
leads to an exit.
    14. ``Exit discharge'; is that portion of a means of egress 
between the termination of an exit and a public way.
    15. ``Fire Partition'' is a vertical assembly of material having 
protected openings and designed to restrict the spread of fire.
    16. ``Fire Resistive or Resistant'' refers to the ability of 
materials or assemblies of construction to withstand exposure under 
standard fire test conditions for a prescribed temperature and 
period of time without structural failure.
    17. ``Fire Separation Assembly'' is a continuous barrier, either 
horizontally or vertically oriented, with a fire resistance rating 
and protected openings, designed to restrict the spread of fire.
    18. ``Fire Separation Distance'' is the distance in feed 
measured from the building face to the closest interior lot line, to 
the center line of a street or public way or to an imaginary line 
between two buildings on the same property.
    19. ``Firestopping'' is approved noncombustible building 
material installed to prevent the movement of flame and gases to 
other areas of a building through small concealed passages in 
building components such as floors, walls, and stairs.
    20. ``Furnishings'' are chairs, tables, plants, or other movable 
objects.
    21. ``Hazardous Areas'' are areas of an ATCT possessing a degree 
of hazard greater than that normal to the facility, such as areas 
used for the storage of combustibles or flammable materials, or 
areas containing furnaces or boilers.
    22. ``High hazard contents'' are contents classified as those 
which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity or from which 
poisonous fumes or explosions are to be feared in the event of fire 
(such as flammable or combustible liquids).
    23. ``Interior Finish'' is the exposed interior surfaces of a 
building including, but not limited, to, walls and ceilings.
    24. ``Link'' is a connecting passageway between at ATCT and a 
base building. Links are usually one story in height with direct 
access to the exterior.
    25. ``Listed'' refers to equipment or material included in a 
list published by an organization acceptable to the ``authority 
having jurisdiction'' and concerned with product evaluation, that 
maintains periodic inspection of listed equipment or material and 
whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets 
appropriate standards or has been tested and found suitable for use 
in a specified manner.
    26. ``Means of Egress'' is a continuous and unobstructed way of 
exit travel from any point in a building or structure to a public 
way and consists of three separate and distinct parts: the way of 
exit access, the exit, and the way of exit discharge. A means of 
egress comprises the vertical and horizontal ways of travel and 
shall include intervening room spaces, doorways, hallways, 
corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, enclosures, 
lobbies, horizontal exit, courts, and yards.
    27. ``Noncombustible Construction'' is construction in which the 
materials have been tested in accordance with ASTM E136 and conform 
to the criteria contained in Section 7 of that test method (e.g., 
gypsum wallboard).
    28. ``NRTL'' is a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory.
    29. ``Opening Protectives'' are the parts of an opening in a 
fire barrier that ensure the integrity of the protected barrier. 
Opening protective fire protection ratings for different fire 
barrier ratings are established in NFPA 101--Life Safety Code.
    30. ``Protected Construction'' is construction in which the 
structural members are protected from fire so that they can 
withstand exposure to fire for specified periods of time.
    31. ``Public way'' is any street, alley, or other parcel of land 
open to the outside air leading to a public street, which has been 
deeded, dedicated, or otherwise permanently appropriated to the 
public for public use and which as a clear width and height of not 
less than 10 feet.
    32. ``Shaft'' is an enclosed space extending through one or more 
stories of a building, connecting vertical openings in successive 
floors, or floors and the roof.
    33. ``Smokeproof enclosure'' is an enclosed interior stairway 
designed to limit the infiltration of heat, smoke, and fire gases 
from a fire in any part of the building by either natural or 
mechanical means.
    34. ``Story'' is that portion of a building included between the 
upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or roof 
next above.
    35. ``Structural elements'' are the beams, columns, and other or 
similar supporting members of an ATCT.
    36. ``Type of Construction Classifications'' are classifications 
which designate the fire resistance rating requirements of 
protection provided for certain types of construction, as follows:
    First number represents: Exterior bearing walls.
    Second number represents: Structural frame or columns and 
girders, supporting loads for more than one floor.
    Third number represents: Floor construction.
    37. ``Type I Construction'' is that type in which the structural 
members, including walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs, are of 
approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials and have 
fire resistance ratings not less than 443 or 332 (see NFPA 220, 
Table 3).
    38. ``Type II Construction'' is that type not qualifying as Type 
I construction in which the structural members, including walls, 
columns, beams, floors, and roofs, are of approved noncombustible or 
limited-combustible materials and have fire resistance ratings not 
less than 222, 111, or 000 (see NFPA 220, Table 3).
    39. ``Type III Construction'' is that type in which exterior 
walls and structural members that are portions of exterior walls are 
of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials, and 
interior structural members, including walls, columns, beams, 
floors, and roofs, are wholly or partly of wood of smaller 
dimensions than required for Type IV construction or of approved 
noncombustible, limited-combustible, or other approved combustible 
materials. In addition, structural members have fire resistance 
ratings not less than 221 or 200 (see NFPA 220, Table 3).
    40. ``Type IV Construction'' is that type in which exterior and 
interior walls and structural members that are portions of such 
walls are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible 
materials. Other interior structural members, including columns, 
beams, arches, floors, and roofs, are of solid or laminated wood 
without concealed spaces and comply with the provisions of NFPA 220 
section 3-4.2 through 3-4.6. In addition, structural members have 
fire resistance ratings not less than 2HH (see NFPA 220, Table 3 and 
section 3-4 for additional information on Type IV construction). 
Interior columns, arches, beams, girders, and trusses of approved 
materials other than wood are permitted by NFPA 220 section 3-4.1 
provided they are protected to provide a fire resistance rating of 
not less than 1 hour. Certain concealed spaces are permitted by NFPA 
220 section 3-4.4.
    41. ``Vertical opening'' is an opening through a floor or roof.

c. General Provisions

    1. Existing ATCTs occupied at the time of adoption of this 
standard may remain in use provided:
    (a) The occupancy classification remains the same.
    (b) No serious life safety hazard exists that would constitute 
an imminent threat.
    2. Federally-owned or operated ATCTs shall be provided with 
protection of occupants and means of egress which meets the 
requirements of this chapter or shall have a plan established for 
bringing the structure into compliance with this chapter.
    3. Compliance with this standard shall not be construed as 
eliminating or reducing the necessity for other provisions for 
safety of persons using a structure under normal occupancy 
conditions.

d. Protection of Employees During Construction and Repair 
Operations

    1. No new ATCT under construction shall be occupied in whole or 
in part until all means of egress and fire protection features for 
that area of the structures are completed and ready for use.
    2. No existing ATCT shall be occupied during repairs or 
alterations unless all existing means of egress and any existing 
fire protection features are continuously maintained, or in lieu 
thereof, other measures are taken which provide equivalent safety 
(e.g., contractor-provided fire watches).
    3. No flammable or explosive substances or equipment used for 
repairs or alterations shall be introduced or stored in an ATCT 
while the ATCT is in operation, unless safeguards are provided to 
prevent any additional danger (e.g., contractor-provided fire 
watches, use of only those amounts of flammable substances in the 
ATCT necessary for the immediate task at hand).

e. Protection for Persons With Disabilities

    1. Persons who are unable to use the stairway for emergency 
egress and who are permitted access to the ATCT shall be restricted 
to the level of exit discharge only.
    2. Provisions must be made for employees who are temporarily 
unable to use the ATCT stairway.
    3. Such provisions may include:
    (a) requiring duties to be performed at the level of exit 
discharge only; or,
    (b) ensuring that pre-planned procedures have been established 
to facilitate the egress of persons with disabilities during 
emergencies.

f. Structural and Architectural Design Requirements

    1. General. The structural elements of new ATCT facilities shall 
be noncombustible.
    (a) The new ATCTs shall be of Type I, II, III, or IV 
construction as defined by NFPA 220, as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Height in feet,
                                                          measured from 
                 Type of construction                     grade to cab  
                                                              floor     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
I (443 or 332)........................................  Unlimited.      
II (222)..............................................  240             
II (111)..............................................  100             
II (000)..............................................  85              
III (211).............................................  65              
IV (2HH)..............................................  65              
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Exception: Existing ATCTs may be constructed of protected 
combustible materials provided they meet the other criteria 
established in this standard (e.g., fire resistance rated 
protectives, fire detection and alarm systems and the provisions of 
section c.1).
    (b) The minimum fire resistance ratings of structural elements 
shall be as follows:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                     Type of construction                               
         Structural elements                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                       I (443)    I (332)    II (222)   II (III)   II (000)  III (211)      IV (2HH)    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Walls......................  Loadbearing...................          4          3          2          1          0          2  2               
                                      Nonloadbearing................          0          0          0          0          0       \1\0  \1\0            
Fire Separation Assemblies..........  Exits.........................          2          2          2          2          2          2  2               
                                      Shafts (other than exits).....          2          2          2          2          2          2  2               
                                      Hazardous Area Separations....                                                                                    
(6)< =Not less than the fire                                                                                                                            
 resistance rating required by f.12=                                                                                                                    
 >                                                                                                                                                      
Fire Partitions.....................  Exit Access Corridors.........                                                                                    
(6)< =Not less than the fire                                                                                                                            
 resistance rating required by f.4=                                                                                                                     
 >                                                                                                                                                      
                                      Tenant Space Separations......          1          1          1          1          0          1  1               
Other Nonloadbearing Partitions.....                                       \1\0       \1\0       \1\0       \1\0       \1\0       \1\0  0               
Interior loadbearing walls,           Supporting more than 1 floor..          4          3          2          1          0       \1\0  See Note a.     
 loadbearing partitions, columns,                                                                                                                       
 girders, trusses (other than roof                                                                                                                      
 trusses), and framing.                                                                                                                                 
                                      Supporting 1 floor/roof only..          3          2     1\1/2\          1          0       \1\1                  
Structural members supporting wall..                                          3          2     1\1/2\          1          0       \1\1  \1\1            
                                                                                                                                                        
(6)< =Not less than the fire                                                                                                                            
 resistance rating of wall                                                                                                                              
 supported= >                                                                                                                                           
Floor construction incl beams.......                                          3          2     1\1/2\          1          0       \1\1  See Note a.\1\  
Roof construction, including beams,   15 feet or less in height to            2     1\1/2\          1          1          0       \1\1  See Note a.\1\  
 trusses and framing, arches and       lowest member.                                                                                                   
 roof deck.                                                                                                                                             
                                      More than 15 feet, but less             1          1          1          0          0       \1\0   See Note a.\1\ 
                                       than 20 feet to lowest member.                                                                                   
                                      20 feet or more to lowest               0          0          0          0          0       \1\0  See Note a.\1\  
                                       member.                                                                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\May be combustible construction.                                                                                                                     
Note a: See NFPA 220 for details.                                                                                                                       

    (c) Combustible Materials. Where an ATCT or part of an ATCT is 
required to be constructed of noncombustible construction, the use 
of combustible elements shall be permitted subject to the 
limitations of this section without altering the construction 
classification.
    (1) Roofs, Floors, and Walls. Combustible elements in roofs, 
floors, and walls are permitted to be used for the following 
components:
    A. Interior finish and trim materials as prescribed in section 
g.1.
    B. Fire retardant treated wood.
    C. Mastic and caulking materials applied to provide flexible 
seals between components of exterior wall construction.
    D. Roof covering materials as prescribed in section f.1.(b).
    2. Exterior Walls.
    (a) Exterior walls of ATCTs shall be noncombustible.

    Exception: Exterior nonloadbearing walls of existing ATCTs may 
be constructed of combustible materials if the structural elements 
of the ATCT are protected.

    (b) Exterior walls of ATCTs shall be protected from weather 
damage.
    3. Exterior Opening Protectives.
    (a) Approved protected construction shall be provided for every 
opening that is less than 15 feet vertically above the roof of an 
adjoining building and within a horizontal fire separation distance 
of 15 feet of an adjacent building, unless the building's roof 
construction affords a fire resistance rating of not less than one 
hour.
    4. Fire Separation Assemblies.
    (a) Fire separation assemblies installed to enclose exits, floor 
openings, vertical shafts, and for separation of hazardous areas 
shall be constructed of approved materials consistent with the 
limitations for the type of construction and shall have not less 
than the fire resistance rating prescribed by section f.1.(b).
    (b) Openings in exit enclosures other than unexposed exterior 
openings shall be limited to those necessary for exit access to the 
enclosure from normally occupied spaces and for egress from the 
enclosure. All opening protectives in fire separation assemblies 
shall have the minimum fire resistance rating as prescribed in 
section f.9.
    (c) All vertical fire separation assemblies shall extend from 
the top of the fire resistance rated floor assembly below to the 
underside of the slab or deck above and shall be securely attached 
thereto. These walls shall be continuous through all concealed 
spaces such as the space above a suspended ceiling. The supporting 
construction shall be protected to afford the required fire 
resistance rating of the fire separation assembly supported. All 
hollow vertical spaces shall be firestopped at every floor level as 
required in section f.11.

    Exception: Interstitial (crawl space) subjunction (immediately 
below the cab) levels do not require fire separation assemblies 
provided the ATCT meets the other criteria established in this 
standard (e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire detection 
and alarm systems).

    (d) Where exterior walls serve as a part of a required fire 
resistance rated enclosure, such walls shall comply with the 
requirements of section f.2 of exterior walls and the fire 
resistance rated enclosure requirements shall not apply.
    5. Vertical Shafts.
    (a) Vertical shafts include stairways; HVAC, mechanical, 
electrical, and plumbing chases; elevators; and dumbwaiters.
    (b) Vertical shafts and their enclosures shall be constructed of 
materials permitted by f.1 for the type of construction of the ATCT. 
Vertical shaft walls which are exterior walls shall be constructed 
of materials approved for exterior walls.
    (c) All vertical shafts in ATCTs shall be enclosed with fire 
separation assemblies having at least a 2-hour fire resistive 
rating.

    Exception: Vertical shafts connecting fewer than four (4) 
stories may be enclosed by 1-hour rated construction.

    (d) A vertical shaft that does not extend to the underside of 
the roof deck shall be enclosed at the top with a fire separation 
assembly having a fire resistance rating of not less than that 
required for the shaft enclosure walls.
    (e) Shafts which do not extend to the bottom of the ATCT shall 
be enclosed at the lowest ATCT level with a fire separation assembly 
(e.g., fire resistant construction) having a fire resistance rating 
of not less than that required for the shaft enclosure walls, or the 
shaft shall terminate in a room having an occupancy related to the 
purpose of the shaft. The room shall be separated from the remainder 
of the ATCT by fire separation assemblies having a fire resistance 
rating with openings protected as prescribed in section f.9.
    (f) Every shaft opening shall be protected by a normally closed, 
self-closing, or automatic closing door, cover, hatch, removable 
section, damper, or other device arranged to meet the requirements 
of f.9 or f.10.
    6. Elevators and Dumbwaiters. Elevators and dumbwaiters shall 
conform to the requirements of the Safety Code for Elevators and 
Escalators (ASME A17.1 for new elevators and dumbwaiters and ASME/
ANSI A17.3 for existing elevator and dumbwaiters) American Society 
of Mechanical Engineers and the American National Standards 
Institute, New York, New York.

    Exception: For existing elevators, Phase II emergency in-car 
operation shall not be required.

    7. Fire Partitions.
    (a) Fire partitions for new ATCTs shall be noncombustible and 
have the minimum fire resistance rating prescribed by section 
f.1.(b) for the type of construction.

    Exception: Existing partitions may be of combustible 
construction provided the ATCT meets the other criteria established 
in this standard (e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire 
detection and alarm systems).

    (b) All fire partitions must extend from the floor slab to the 
bottom of the slab above or shall connect with ceiling construction 
having a fire resistance rating of not less than that required for 
the fire partition walls.
    (c) All opening protectives (e.g., doors, windows) in fire 
partitions shall have the minimum fire resistance rating as set 
forth in section f.9.
    (d) Penetrations through assemblies shall comply with section 
f.11.(b).
    8. Floor/Ceiling and Roof/Ceiling Assemblies.
    (a) All floor openings connecting two or more stories shall be 
protected by a vertical shaft enclosure that complies with section 
f.5.
    (b) All penetrations of a floor/ceiling assembly shall be 
protected by a shaft enclosure that complies with section f.5.

    Exception: A shaft enclosure shall not be required where cables, 
cable trays, conduits, tubes, or pipes penetrate a floor assembly 
and are protected with an approved through-penetration protection 
system tested in accordance with ASTM E814. The system shall have an 
``F'' rating and a ``T'' rating of not less than 1 hour, but not 
less than the required fire resistance rating of the assembly being 
penetrated.

    Exception: Hatch openings at the top of the shaft are permitted 
when a 1.5 hour fire rated assembly is provided at the hatch opening 
or when a protected enclosure around the shaft opening is a 1.5 hour 
fire rated assembly.

    (c) All roof/ceiling assembly penetrations shall be protected in 
accordance with section f.1.(b).
    9. Fire Door Assemblies.
    (a) Fire door assemblies shall provide a fire resistance rating 
in accordance with the following table: 

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Required    Minimum 
                                                    assembly    opening 
                 Type of assembly                    rating   protection
                                                    (hours)             
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fire separation assemblies having a fire                                
 resistance rating greater than one hour..........         4          3 
                                                           3          3 
                                                           2     1\1/2\ 
                                                      1\1/2\     1\1/2\ 
Fire separation assemblies:                                             
  Shaft and exit enclosure walls..................         1          1 
  Other fire separation assemblies................         1      \3/4\ 
Fire partitions:                                                        
  Exit access corridor enclosure wall.............         1      \1/3\ 
                                                       \1/2\      \1/3\ 
  Other fire partitions...........................         1     \3/4\  
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Operation. Fire doors shall be self-closing and latching. 
Stairwell doors may be held open by approved devices that will meet 
all of the following requirements:
    (1) The device shall release the door and the door shall 
automatically close and latch if the ATCT fire alarm is operated.
    (2) The fire door shall be provided with appropriate hardware so 
that it can be instantly reopened manually by some simple and 
readily obvious operation (e.g., panic hardware, door knob).
    10. Fire Dampers. Fire dampers shall be installed in accordance 
with the applicable provisions of NFPA 90A, Standard for the 
Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.
    11. Firestopping and Draftstopping.
    (a) Firestops or draftstops shall be provided as specified 
herein in all walls, partitions, and other concealed spaces or 
openings, horizontal and vertical, to prevent the free passage of 
flame and the products of combustion and shall be sufficient to 
maintain the fire resistance rating of the wall, partition, or floor 
pierced.
    (b) Wall and floor openings penetrated by materials (e.g., 
telephone and communication cables) where the materials are required 
to be frequently changed, added, etc., may be firestopped using 
mineral wool, firestop pillows, or other fire resistive material.
    (c) Firestops shall be provided in any concealed space where 
there is the potential for fire, heat, or smoke passage, other than 
a properly enclosed service shaft, pass, or chase.
    (d) Firestopping shall consist of approved noncombustible 
materials securely fastened in place. In open spaces of wood 
framing, firestops may be of approved noncombustible materials or of 
two-inch lumber installed with tight joints or the equivalent.
    (e) The integrity of all firestopping and draftstopping 
materials shall be continuously maintained.
    (f) Firestopping shall be installed in the locations specified 
in section f.11.(a), including:
    (1) concealed wall spaces;
    (2) connections between horizontal and vertical spaces;
    (3) concealed spaces between stairway stringers at the top and 
bottom of the run; and
    (4) ceilings and floor openings.
    (g) Draftstopping shall be installed in ATCTs of Types III and 
IV construction in locations specified below:
    (1) Floors. Where ceilings are suspended below solid wood joists 
or suspended or attached directly to the bottom of open-web wood 
floor trusses, the space between the ceiling and the floor above 
shall be divided by draftstopping installed so that horizontal areas 
do not exceed 1,000 square feet.
    (2) Draftstopping materials shall not be less than half-inch 
gypsum board, \3/8\-inch plywood or other approved materials 
adequately supported.
    (3) Concealed roof spaces shall be provided with draftstopping 
such that no horizontal area exceeds 3,000 square feet.

    Exception: Draftstopping is not required in a concealed space 
when ATCTs are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler 
system, provided that automatic sprinklers are also installed in 
combustible concealed spaces.

    12. Hazardous Areas. Rooms or Areas designated as hazardous 
areas shall be separated from the remainder of the ATCT by fire 
separation assemblies as follows:
    (a) Boiler and furnace rooms. Boiler and furnace rooms shall be 
separated by 1-hour fire resistance rated construction or provided 
with an automatic fire suppression system.
    (b) Storage rooms.
    (1) Storage rooms greater than 50 square feet in area shall be 
separated by 1-hour fire resistance rated construction.
    (2) Storage rooms greater than 100 square feet in area shall be 
separated by 2-hour fire resistance rated construction.
    (c) Engine generator rooms shall be separated from the remainder 
of the ATCT by 2-hour fire resistance rated construction.
    (d) Other Electrical Equipment Rooms. Other electrical equipment 
rooms shall be separated by 1 hour fire resistance rated 
construction or provided with an automatic fire suppression system.
    13. Connections to Base Buildings.
    (a) The base building shall be separated from the ATCT by a fire 
separation assembly with a minimum fire resistance rating equivalent 
to the rating required of the stair shaft.
    (b) The exit stairway of an ATCT which is directly connected to 
a base building, or is connected to a base building by a link, shall 
be a smokeproof enclosure or pressurized in accordance with this 
standard.
    (c) ATCTs surrounded by a base building shall have the 
following:
    A. At least one smokeproof or pressurized stairway.
    B. ATCT stairways that discharge into a base building at the 
level of exit discharge with these considerations:
    (a) Means of Egress on the level of exit discharge shall be free 
and unobstructed to the exterior of the building.
    (b) Entire level of exist discharge is provided with automatic 
sprinkler protection, and any nonsprinklered areas are separated by 
fire rated construction equivalent to the rating required for the 
stair shaft.
    (c) Smoke detectors shall be provided in all hazardous areas of 
the base building not separated by fire rated construction 
equivalent to the rating required for the stairway.
    (d) Smoke detectors shall be provided on the base building side 
of openings between the ATCT and the base building.
    C. Where the ATCT exist stairway does not discharge onto the 
level of exit discharge of the base building (as in an ATCT on top 
of a terminal) safe and continuous passageways, aisles, or corridors 
leading directly to base building exits shall be maintained and so 
arranged as to provide convenient access for each occupant to at 
least two exists by separate ways of travel, except as a single exit 
or limited dead ends are permitted by other provisions of this 
standard.

g. Interior Finishes

    1. Interior Finish and Trim.
    (a) All materials used for interior finish and trim shall be 
classified in accordance with ASTM E84. The classifications of 
interior finishes referred to in this section correspond to flame 
spread ratings on the flame spread test scale determined by ASTM E84 
as follows: Class A flame spread, 0-25; Class B flame spread, 26-75; 
Class C flame spread, 76-200.
    (1) Foam plastics shall not be installed as interior trim or 
finish.
    (2) Interior wall and ceiling finish materials that have a 
smoke-developed rating greater than 450 when tested in accordance 
with ASTM E84 shall not be permitted.
    (b) All materials used inside an exit stairway shall have fire 
hazard ratings of not more than 25 for flame spread and not more 
than 50 for smoke development.
    (c) Other than in sprinklered ATCTs, all materials used for 
interior finish shall have fire hazard ratings of not more than 25 
for flame spread and not more than 450 for smoke development and 
fuel contribution (Class A).

    Exception: Carpeting may be used as wall covering in non-
sprinklered areas provided the carpet type meets the requirements of 
the 8 x 12 x 8 ft room/corner fire test procedure described in NFPA 
101, Section A-6-5.2.3 (1991 edition).

    (d) In sprinklered ATCTs, all materials used for interior finish 
in enclosed rooms and spaces and in means of egress shall have fire 
hazard ratings of not more than 75 for flame spread and not more 
than 450 for smoke development.

    Exception: Carpeting with a Class A flame spread classification 
may be used as wall covering provided it is used only in rooms 
protected by an approved automatic fire suppression system.

    (e) Baseboards, chair rails, moldings, trim around openings and 
other interior trim, not in excess of 10 percent of the aggregate 
wall and ceiling areas of any room or space, shall be of Class A, B, 
or C materials.
    (f) Paint, veneer, and other thin final finishing materials not 
over 0.035-inch thick and applied directly to a noncombustible base 
are permitted and may be used provided that such materials do not 
significantly increase the fire hazard ratings of the base material 
involved.
    (g) Fire retardant paints. Fire retardant paints or solutions 
shall be re-applied as necessary to maintain the required flame 
retardant properties.
    2. Interior Floor Finish.
    (a) Finished floors or floor covering materials of a traditional 
type, such as wood, vinyl, linoleum, terrazzo, and other resilient 
floor covering materials, are exempt from the requirements of this 
section. Floor coverings judged by the authority having jurisdiction 
to represent an unusual hazard, such as carpet, shall meet the 
requirements of this section.
    (b) Interior floor finish in means of egress shall be of not 
less than Class B materials in accordance with ASTM E648. Class B 
corresponds to a critical radiant flux of 0.22 watts/cm\2\ as 
defined in ASTM E648. In all other areas the interior floor finish 
shall comply with the Department of Commerce FF-1 ``pill test'' 
(CPSC 16 CFR 1630).
    (c) The requirement for rooms or enclosed spaces is based on the 
condition that the areas have partitions which extend from the floor 
to the ceiling. Where partitions do not satisfy this criterion, the 
room or space is considered part of the corridor.
    3. Furnishings and Decorations.
    (a) No furnishings, decorations, or other objects shall be so 
placed as to obstruct exits, access thereto, egress therefrom, or 
visibility thereof.
    (b) No furnishings or decorations of an explosive or highly 
flammable character shall be used in any occupancy.

h. ATCT Console Construction

    Consoles in the ATCT which are not constructed entirely of 
noncombustible materials shall comply with National Electrical 
Manufacturers Association Standard LD3, which incorporates a 
``Radiant Heat Resistance'' test which measures the ability of the 
surface of high pressure decorative laminate to resist spot damage 
when subjected to a radiant heat source.

i. Electrical Requirements

    All electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the 
National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, 1993, National Fire Protection 
Association, Quincy, Massachusetts.

j. Means of Egress

    1. General. Every ATCT shall be provided with exits of kinds, 
number, location, protective features, and capacity appropriate to 
the individual building or structure, with due regard to the unique 
character of ATCTs, the number of persons exposed, the fire 
protection available, and the height and type of construction of the 
building or structure, to afford all occupants convenient facilities 
for escape.
    2. Occupancy and Use Requirements.
    (a) ATCT structures are occupied by personnel and contain 
equipment and supplies necessary for aircraft control operations. 
ATCTs are designed to provide 360 deg. visibility from the cab 
level.
    (b) ATCTs may not be used for living or sleeping purposes.
    (c) ATCTs may be occupied above the level of exit discharge by 
only able-bodied persons.
    (d) No combustible materials shall be located in, under, or 
within the immediate vicinity of the ATCT except necessary furniture 
and equipment.
    (e) High hazard contents shall not be permitted in the ATCT or 
the immediate vicinity thereof.
    (f) ATCT exits shall be so arranged and maintained as to provide 
free and unobstructed egress from all parts of the building or 
structure at all times when it is occupied. No locks or fastening 
which prevents unimpeded escape from the inside of any building 
shall be installed.

3. General Limitations

    (a) Permissible Means of Egress components. Means of egress 
shall consist only of the approved components as described in this 
section. Means of egress shall be constructed as components of the 
building or shall be permanently affixed thereto.
    (b) Headroom. Means of egress shall be so designed and 
maintained as to provide adequate headroom, but in no case shall the 
ceiling height be less than 7 feet 6 inches nor any projection from 
the ceiling be less than 6 feet 8 inches from the floor.

    Exception: In existing ATCTs where the headroom is less than 
that required in this section, signs reading ``Low Clearance'' shall 
be placed on both sides of the obstruction.

    (c) Changes in elevation. Where changes in elevation exceed 21 
inches in a means of egress, the difference in elevation shall be 
negotiated by stairs or ramps.
    (d) Means of egress walking surfaces shall provide sufficient 
friction to prevent slipping under normal conditions.

4. Types and Location of Means of Egress

    (a) Access to means of egress.
    (1) Means of egress shall be so located and exit access shall be 
so arranged that exits are readily discernible and unobstructed at 
all times.
    (2) In no case shall access to an exit be through a bathroom, or 
other room subject to locking, except where the exit is required to 
serve only the room subject to locking.
    (3) Exit access shall be so arranged that it will not be 
necessary to travel toward any area of hazardous occupancy in order 
to reach the nearest exit, unless the path of travel is effectively 
shielded from the high hazard location by suitable partitions or 
other physical barriers.
    (b) Discharge from exits.
    (1) All exit discharges shall empty directly to the street, or 
to a yard, court, or other open space that gives safe access to a 
public way. The streets to which the exits discharge shall be of 
width adequate to accommodate all persons leaving the building. 
Yards, courts, or other open spaces to which exits discharge shall 
also be of adequate width and size to provide all persons leaving 
the building with ready access to the street.
    (2) The exit discharge shall be so arranged as to make clear the 
direction of egress to the public way.
    (c) Exterior ways of exit access.
    (1) Access to an exit may be by means of any exterior balcony, 
porch, gallery, or roof that conforms to the requirements of this 
standard.
    (2) Exterior ways of exit access shall have smooth, solid 
floors, substantially level, and shall have guards on the unenclosed 
sides.
    (3) Where accumulation of snow or ice is likely because of the 
climate, the exterior way of exit access shall be maintained so that 
these accumulations of snow and ice will be regularly removed.
    (4) A permanent, direct path of travel shall be maintained over 
the required exterior way of exit access. There shall be no 
obstruction by railings, barriers, or gates that divide the open 
space into sections.
    (5) An exterior way of exit access, such as a courtyard, 
balcony, bridge, or porch shall be so arranged that there are no 
dead ends in excess of 20 feet.
    (6) Any gallery, balcony, bridge, porch, or other exterior exit 
access that projects beyond the outside wall of the building shall 
comply with the requirements of this section (j.4.(c)) as to width 
and arrangement.

5. Occupant Load

    (a) ATCTs may have an occupant load of 20 persons per floor and 
not more than 80 persons total provided that the type of ATCT 
construction is Type I, II, III, or IV.
    (b) The occupant load shall be the maximum number of persons 
that may be in the space at any time.
    (c) Where exits serve more than one floor, only the occupant 
load of each floor considered individually need be used in computing 
the capacity of the exits at the floor, provided that exit capacity 
shall not be decreased in the direction of exit travel.

6. Width and Capacity of Means of Egress

    (a) The capacity of the means of egress for any floor, balcony, 
tier, or other occupied space shall be sufficient for the occupant 
load thereof.
    (b) The minimum exit width shall not be less than 28 inches for 
existing ATCTs and not less than 36 inches for new ATCTs.
    (c) Exit width shall be measured in the clear at the narrowest 
point of the means of egress.
    (d) A door during its swing shall not reduce the width of the 
means of egress to one-half of the required exit width.
    (e) When fully open, a door shall not project more than 7 inches 
into the required width of an aisle, corridor, passageway, or 
landing.
    (f) Where a single way of exit access leads to an exit, its 
capacity in terms of width shall be at least equal to the required 
capacity of the exit to which it leads. Where more than one way of 
exit access leads to an exit, each shall have a width adequate for 
the number of persons it must accommodate.
    (g) Means of egress shall be measured in inches per person. The 
ATCT egress capacity shall be 0.3 inch per person for stairways and 
0.2 inch per person for level components.
    (1) Level Egress Components. (including Class A Ramps). If an 
entry doorway has 28 inches clear width, a discharge doorway has 28 
inches clear width, and a stairway is 30 inches wide, the egress 
capacity would be 100 persons, or the smallest of the three 
capacities.
    Example:

28 in./0.2 = 140 persons for the entry doorway
28 in./0.2 = 140 persons for the discharge doorway
30 in./0.3 = 100 persons for the stairway

    (2) Inclined Egress Components (including Class B Ramps). For 
Class B ramps used for ascent, the width per person shall be 
increased by 10 percent beyond what is required for Class A ramps. 
Widths for Class B ramps used for descent shall be calculated the 
same as for Class A ramps.
    (h) A ramp shall be designated as Class A or Class B based on 
the following table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Class A                  Class B       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum width..........  44 inches..............  30 inches.            
Maximum slope..........  1 in 10................  1 in 8.               
Maximum height between   12 feet................  12 feet.              
 landings.                                                              
------------------------------------------------------------------------


7. Number of Exits

    (a) A single means of egress from an ATCT is permitted where:
    (1) the exit is protected by a smokeproof enclosure as set forth 
in section j.13, or a pressurized enclosure as set forth in section 
j.13.(d).
    (2) An automatic fire detection and alarm system is provided.
    (3) ATCTs are not used for living or sleeping purposes.
    (4) ATCTs are occupied by only able-bodied persons.
    (5) No combustible materials are located in, under, or in the 
immediate vicinity of the ATCT except necessary furniture and 
equipment.
    (6) The tower is subject to occupancy by no more than 20 persons 
per floor and not more than 80 persons total.
    (7) Other requirements and exceptions specified in this standard 
for existing ATCTs are satisfied.
    (b) Base buildings shall have as a minimum two exits remote from 
each other so arranged as to minimize the possibility that both may 
be blocked by any one fire or other emergency condition.

    Exception: A single means of egress is permissible for those 
base buildings consisting of a single story, above ground and having 
less than 350 square feet gross floor area, and where all other 
requirements of this standard are met.

    (c) Neither elevators nor ladders are acceptable as an approved 
exit component or a means of egress from an ATCT facility.

    Exception: Ladders may be used for access to or egress from 
normally unoccupied roof areas.

8. Exit Access Passageways and Corridors

    (a) Every corridor shall be not less than 44 inches in width.

    Exception: Exit access passageways and corridors in existing 
ATCTs shall be no less than 28 inches provided they meet the other 
criteria established in this standard (e.g., fire resistance rated 
protectives, fire detection and alarm systems).

    (b) Aisles shall not be less than 28 inches in width.

9. Means of Egress Doorways

    (a) Every door which is required to serve as an exit shall be so 
designed and constructed that the way of exit travel is obvious and 
direct. Windows that, because of their physical configuration or 
design and the materials used in their construction, could be 
mistaken for doors shall be made inaccessible to the occupants by 
barriers or railings.
    (b) Any door in a means of egress shall be of the side-hinged, 
or pivoted-swinging type. The door shall be so designed and 
installed that it is capable of swinging from any position to the 
full use of the opening in which it is installed. Doors shall swing 
in the direction of exit travel where serving a room or area with an 
occupant load of 50 or more, where used in an exit enclosure, and 
where serving a high hazard area.

    Exception: Horizontal sliding doors may be used in means of 
egress provided they comply with the criteria established in NFPA 
101--Life Safety Code Section 5-2.1.14.

    Exception: Revolving doors may be used in means of egress 
provided they comply with NFPA 101--Life Safety Code Section 5-
2.1.10.

    (c) Every required exit doorway shall be of a size to permit the 
installation of a door not less than 36 inches in width.
    (d) Exit doors shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees 
and shall be mounted so as to provide a clear width of exit not less 
than 28 inches.
    (e) A means of egress door shall be so arranged as to be readily 
opened from the side from which egress is to be effected at all 
times when the building is occupied. No lock or fastening to prevent 
free escape from the inside of an ATCT facility shall be installed.
    (f) Doors shall latch upon closing except that a latch or other 
fastening device on a door shall be provided with a knob, handle, 
panic bar, or other simple type of releasing device.
    (g) Doors required to be fire rated shall be marked by the 
manufacturer with a label indicating the fire resistive rating of 
the door and the approved testing laboratory. Door hardware shall be 
labeled appropriately.
    (h) Automatic or self-closing doors shall operate so that in the 
event that the fire alarm is activated either manually or 
automatically, the ``hold open device'' automatically releases and 
the door automatically closes and latches.
    (i) All doors shall be equipped with hardware which can be 
instantly reopened manually by some simple type of releasing device.

10. Stairways

    (a) ATCT stairways serving an occupant load of more than 50 
shall be not less than 44 inches in width. Stairways serving an 
occupant load of 50 or less may be 36 inches wide. Handrails may 
project from each side of a stairway at a distance of 3\1/2\ inches 
into the required width. A stringer may project inside the measured 
width not more than 1\1/2\ inches.

    Exception: The width of a stairway may be 28 inches in existing 
ATCTs provided the ATCT meets the other criteria established in this 
standard (e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire detection 
and alarm systems).

    (b) Circular stairways are prohibited except in ATCT cabs where 
the circular stairway serves an occupant load of 10 or less and the 
minimum width of run is not less than 5 inches and the rise is not 
more than 9 inches.

    Exception: The run of steps from the cab for existing ATCTs may 
be less than 5 inches (when measured 12 inches from the center 
column) provided the ATCT meets the other criteria established in 
this standard (e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire 
detection and alarm systems).

    (c) The maximum riser height of every step in an existing ATCT 
stairway shall not exceed 7\1/2\ inches and the minimum run (tread 
depth) shall not be less than 10 inches. For stairways constructed 
after the effective date of this standard, the stair rise shall not 
be less than 4 inches and shall not exceed 7 inches and the minimum 
run shall be 11 inches.

    Exception No. 1: Stairways serving an occupant load of less than 
10 and stairways to roofs may be constructed with an 8-inch maximum 
rise and 9-inch minimum run.

    Exception No. 2: Circular stairways as permitted by section 
j.10.(b) are excluded from this requirement.

    Exception No. 3: The rise of steps from the cab for existing 
ATCTs may be greater than 7\1/2\ inches and the run in existing 
ATCTs may be greater than 10 inches (when measured 12 inches from 
the center column) provided the ATCT meets the other criteria 
established in this standard (e.g., fire resistance rated 
protectives, fire detection and alarm systems).

    (d) The least dimension of a stair landing shall not be less 
than the required width of the stairway (36 inches for new ATCTs and 
28 inches for existing ATCTs), except that the landing dimension in 
the direction of egress travel need not exceed 4 feet where the 
travel from one stair flight to the next stair flight is a straight 
run.
    (e) There shall be not more than 12 feet vertically between 
landings.

    Exception: Distances between landings in existing ATCTs serving 
an occupant load of 10 or less may be more than 12 feet provided the 
ATCT meets the other criteria established in this standard (e.g., 
fire resistance rated protectives, fire detection and alarm 
systems).

    (f) Exit stairs that continue beyond the floor of discharge 
shall be interrupted at the floor of discharge by partitions, doors, 
or other effective means.

11. Guards

    (a) Means of egress such as stairs or landings that are more 
than 30 inches above the floor or the grade below shall be provided 
with guards at least 42 inches high to prevent falls over the open 
side.

    Exception: Existing handrails meeting the requirements of 
section j.12 below shall be permitted to serve as guards.

    (b) Guards shall have a pattern such that a sphere 4 inches in 
diameter cannot pass through the opening.

    Exception: Guards in existing ATCTs may have an approved 
intermediate rail.

12. Handrails

    (a) Handrails shall continue for the full length of each flight 
of stairs. At turns of stairs, inside handrails shall be continuous 
between flights and landings.

    Exception: On existing stairs, the handrails are not required to 
be continuous between flights of stairs at landings provided the 
ATCT meets the other criteria established in this standard (e.g., 
fire resistance rated protectives, fire detection and alarm 
systems).

    (b) Handrails on stairs shall not be less than 34 inches nor 
more than 38 inches above the surface of the tread.

    Exception No. 1: Handrails that form part of a guard shall be 
permitted to have a maximum height of 42 inches above the surface of 
the tread provided the ATCT meets the other criteria established in 
this standard (e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire 
detection and alarm systems).

    Exception No. 2: Handrails in existing ATCTs shall not be less 
than 30 inches above the surface of the tread.

    Exception No. 3: Additional handrails, beyond those required in 
this standard, are permitted at heights other than those stipulated 
provided the ATCT meets the other criteria established in this 
standard (e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire detection 
and alarm systems).

    (c) Handrails shall not project more than 3\1/2\ inches into the 
required passageway, aisle, corridor, stair, or ramp width.
    (d) The clear space between the handrail and the adjacent wall 
or surface shall not be less than 1\1/2\ inches.

13. Smokeproof Enclosures

    (a) A smokeproof enclosure shall consist of a continuous 
stairway enclosed by walls of fire resistive construction. The top 
of the enclosure shall be located within 50 feet travel distance 
from the most remote point of the cab for existing ATCTs and 20 feet 
travel distance from the most remote point of the cab for new ATCTs.
    (b) The smokeproof enclosure shall be designed for natural or 
mechanical ventilation in compliance with NFPA 101--Life Safety 
Code.
    (c) Every ATCT shall have at least one exit which shall be a 
smokeproof enclosure. The enclosure construction meet the 
requirements of section f.5.(c) of this standard.

    Exception: A pressurized stairway system may be used where the 
ATCT is protected by an automatic sprinkler system or is provided 
with equivalent levels of protection established in this standard 
(e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire detection and alarm 
systems).

    (d) Pressurized Stairway Requirements. Smokeproof enclosures by 
stairway pressurization shall comply with the following:
    (1) the ATCT meets the other criteria established in this 
standard (e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire detection 
and alarm systems); and
    (2) the exist stairways are pressurized to a minimum of 0.15 
inch of water column and a maximum of 0.35 inch of water column in 
the shaft relative to the building measured with all stairway doors 
closed under maximum anticipated stack pressures.

14. Exit Signs

    (a) Exists shall be marked by a readily visible sign. Access to 
exists shall be marked by readily visible signs in all cases where 
the exit or pathway to an exit is not immediately visible to the 
occupants.
    (b) Any door, passage, or stairway which is neither an exit nor 
a way of exit access, and which is so located or arranged as to be 
likely to be mistaken for an exit, shall be identified by a sign 
reading ``Not an Exit'' or similar designation, or shall be 
identified by a sign indicating its actual character, such as ``To 
Basement,'' ``Storeroom,'' ``Linen Closet,'' or the like.
    (c) Every required sign designating an exit or way of exit 
access shall be so located and of such size, color, and design as to 
be readily visible. No decorations, furnishings, or equipment which 
impair visibility of an exit sign shall be permitted, nor shall 
there be any brightly illuminated sign (for other than exit 
purposes), display, or object in or near the line of vision to the 
required exit sign of such a character as to so detract attention 
from the exit sign that it may not be noticed.
    (d) Lettering of exit signs shall be at least 6 inches high with 
the principal strokes of letters not less than three-fourths of an 
inch wide.
    (e) A sign reading ``Exit,'' or similar designation, with an 
arrow indicating the directions, shall be placed in every location 
where the direction(s) of travel to reach the nearest exit is not 
immediately apparent.
    (f) Every exit sign shall be suitably illuminated by a reliable 
light source of not less than 5 foot-candles, either internally or 
externally, on the illuminated surface.

    Exception: Approved internally illuminated signs which evenly 
illuminate letters shall have a minimum luminance of 0.06 foot 
lambert.

15. Illumination of Means of Egress

    (a) An emergency lighting system for means of egress shall be 
provided for every ATCT facility.
    (b) In the absence of an emergency lighting system consisting of 
a prime mover-operated electric generator, electric battery-operated 
emergency lights shall be used which comply fully with the National 
Electrical Code, NFPA 70.
    (c) Illumination of means of egress shall be continuous during 
the time the ATCT is occupied.
    (d) The floors throughout the means of egress shall have an 
illumination of not less than 1 footcandle.
    (e) Any required illumination shall be arranged so that failure 
of any single lighting unit will not leave any area in total 
darkness.

16. Emergency Power Requirements

    (a) ATCTs more than 75 feet high shall have stand-by power in 
accordance with NFPA 70--National Electrical Code and NFPA 110--
Emergency Standby Power Systems, Class I, Type 60 for the emergency 
lighting, automatic fire alarm system, electrical fire pump, central 
control station, mechanical equipment for smokeproof enclosures, and 
at least one elevator serving all floors except the cab which is 
transferable to any elevator.
    (b) ATCTs less than 75 feet shall have emergency power for 
emergency lighting, automatic fire alarm systems, and mechanical 
equipment for smokeproof enclosures.

    Exception: In existing ATCTs, emergency power to elevators is 
not required provided the ATCT meets the other criteria established 
in this standard (e.g., fire resistance rated protectives, fire 
detection and alarm systems).

17. Fire Escape Ladders and Exterior Stairs

    (a) Fire escape ladders and exterior stairs shall not constitute 
any of the required means of egress in ATCTs.
    (b) Although this standard contains provisions for fire escape 
ladders and exterior stairs on ATCTs, it does not recommend their 
use for several primary reasons:
    (1) possible icing in cold conditions;
    (2) fear of height by users;
    (3) poor condition due to low maintenance;
    (4) lack of protection from smoke and fire;
    (5) lack of appropriate fall protection; and
    (6) slow descent rate of users.
    (c) Fire Escape Ladders.
    (1) Fire escape ladders shall be permitted to be used only under 
the following conditions:
    A. the ladders comply with OSHA requirement 29 CFR 1910.27, 
Fixed Ladders;
    B. to provide access to unoccupied roof or maintenance areas; 
and
    C. To provide a second means of escape from ATCTs only if fire 
conditions prevent the use of the primary means of egress or prevent 
other less dangerous means of escape or rescue.
    (d) Fire Escape Exterior Stairs.
    (1) Fire escape stairs shall be permitted in existing ATCTs but 
shall not constitute more than 50 percent of the required exit 
capacity.
    (2) Fire escape stairs shall provide a continuous, unobstructed, 
safe path of travel to the exit discharge or a safe area of refuge.
    (3) Fire escape stairs shall also comply with the other 
provisions of 1991 edition of NFPA 101--Life Safety Code, Chapter 5-
2.8 for fire escape stairs.

    Exception: Existing noncomplying fire escape stairs may be 
continued to be used subject to the authority having jurisdiction.

    18. Openings in exit enclosures shall be confined to those 
necessary for access to the enclosure from normally occupied spaces 
and for egress from the enclosure.

k. Fire Protection

    1. General. Fire detection, alarm, and suppression equipment 
including detectors, manual and automatic alarms, and portable 
extinguishers shall be provided at ATCT facilities.
    2. Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Systems. In every ATCT, 
automatic fire detection and alarm systems shall be provided to warn 
occupants of the existence of fire.
    (a) Fire detection and alarm systems. Fire detection and alarm 
systems shall be maintained and tested in accordance with the 
requirements of 29 CFR 1910.164(c) and NFPA 72.
    (b) The fire alarm control panel which indicates the existence 
and location of a fire shall be installed in a constantly attended 
area in a location acceptable to the responding fire department, 
typically at the ATCT front entrance.
    (c) The system shall be fully supervised at all times in 
accordance with the following styles of wiring per NFPA 72:
    A. Initiating device circuits shall be Style D.
    B. Indicating appliance circuits shall be Style Z.
    C. If a multiplex system, signaling line circuits shall be Style 
6 or 7.
    Exception: Any style of wiring that complies with NFPA 72 shall 
be permitted if the ATCT is fully sprinklered.
    (d) The fire detection and alarm system shall automatically 
notify the fire department providing service to the ATCT, or an 
effective plan for notifying the fire department shall be 
established.
    (e) Alarms shall sound in all occupied spaces at a sound level 
of 15 dBA above the ambient sound pressure level to assure 
notification of all personnel in accordance with NFPA 72.

    Exception: Alarm horns or bells are not required in ATCT cab or 
TRACON. An annunciator complying with k.2. (g), below, shall be 
provided.

    (f) Manual fire alarm stations shall be provided in the path of 
escape. The stations shall be plainly marked, and lighted for ease 
of use in an emergency.
    (g) When automatic sprinkler systems are employed, the systems 
shall be supervised by the alarm system.
    (h) An annunciator panel to indicate the location of an actuated 
manual station, automatic detector, or waterflow switch shall be 
provided in the ATCT cab and TRACON which incorporates a silencing 
feature in accordance with NFPA 72 and Underwriters Laboratory. 
Additionally, annunciators shall resound an alarm indication at the 
annunciator after a period of 90 seconds if the system has not been 
reset or cleared.
    (i) All detection and alarm equipment shall be listed by a 
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL).
    (j) Products of combustion (smoke) detectors shall be provided 
in all areas throughout an ATCT. Spacing of detectors shall not 
exceed the maximum distance indicated by tests performed by the 
approving laboratory for the particular device used.
    (k) A secondary power source shall be provided for every fire 
detection and alarm system and shall operate automatically in the 
event of failure of the primary power source. Secondary power may be 
supplied by either an engine driven generator or by storage 
batteries of sufficient capacity.
    (l) Detectors need not be provided in spaces above suspended 
ceilings where no combustibles are present.
    (m) Detectors shall be installed below raised floors in 
accordance with the applicable provisions of NFPA 72.
    (n) Detectors shall be installed in air handling systems 
downstream of air handlers with a capacity of greater than 2,000 
cubic feet per minute. Upon activation of a detector, the associated 
air handling unit will be shut down.
    3. Standpipe Systems. Standpipe systems, where required by local 
building code, shall conform to those local building codes.
    4. Automatic Sprinkler, Halon 1301, Other Extinguishing Systems, 
and Portable Fire Extinguishers.
    (a) Sprinkler Systems.
    (1) Where automatic sprinklers are installed in an ATCT, 
sprinklers shall be provided in all areas or rooms.
    (2) Sprinkler systems shall generally be of the wet type unless 
subject to freezing conditions. Waterflow and valve tamper 
supervision shall be annunciated with a listed alarm check valve or 
other listed waterflow detecting alarm device with the necessary 
attachments required to give an alarm. Installation shall comply 
with NFPA 13.
    (3) All automatic sprinkler systems shall be continuously 
maintained in reliable operating condition at all times, and such 
periodic inspections and tests shall be made as are necessary to 
assure proper maintenance.
    (b) Halon or Other Extinguishing Systems (see note in section 
k.3.(c)(4)).
    (1) Halon 1301 extinguishing systems or other alternative 
extinguishing systems may be used in lieu of automatic sprinklers 
for existing ATCT computer or electronic equipment areas. Such areas 
include but are not limited to ATCT cabs, TRACON rooms, 
communications equipment rooms, and radar equipment rooms. However, 
a Halon 1301 or other alternative extinguishing system shall not be 
considered to be equivalent to an automatic sprinkler system for 
purposes of omitting the requirement for fire resistive construction 
as required in this standard unless it has automatic standby 
capacity.
    (2) Halon 1301 or other alternative extinguishing systems shall 
be designed as an automatic sensing and actuating type with 
sufficient standby capacity.
    (3) Halon 1301 systems shall be installed and maintained in 
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation and NFPA No. 12A, 
1973, Halogenated Fire Extinguishing Agent Systems--Halon 1301, 
National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts.
    (4) Other alternative extinguishing systems shall be maintained 
in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and the 
appropriate NFPA standard.
    (c) Portable Fire Extinguishers.
    (1) General.
    A. Portable extinguishers shall be maintained in a fully charged 
and operable condition, and kept in their designated places at all 
times when they are not being used.
    B. Extinguishers shall be conspicuously mounted where they will 
be readily accessible and immediately available in the event of 
fire. They shall be mounted along normal paths of travel.
    C. Extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. 
In large rooms and in certain locations where visual obstruction 
cannot be completely avoided, signs shall be provided to 
conspicuously indicate the location and intended use of 
extinguishers.
    D. All extinguishers shall be marked conspicuously as to their 
intended use upon different classes of fire to ensure choice of the 
proper extinguisher.
    (2) Inspection and Maintenance.
    A. Extinguishers shall be inspected monthly, or at more frequent 
intervals when circumstances require, to ensure they are in their 
designated places, to ensure they have not been actuated or tampered 
with, and to detect any obvious physical damage, corrosion, or other 
impairments. Any extinguisher showing defects shall be given a 
complete maintenance check and repaired or replaced, as necessary.
    B. At regular intervals, not more than 1 years apart, or when 
specifically indicated by an inspection, extinguishers shall be 
thoroughly examined and/or recharged or repaired to ensure 
operability and safety; or replaced as needed.
    C. Extinguishers removed from the premises to be recharged or 
repaired shall be replaced by spare extinguishers during the period 
they are gone.
    D. Each extinguisher shall have a durable tag securely attached 
to show the maintenance or recharge date and the initials or 
signature of the person who performs this service.
    E. If, at any time, an extinguisher shows evidence of corrosion 
or damage, it shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test, or 
replaced.
    (3) Selection and Location. A fire extinguisher of proper size 
and type shall be available within 75 feet from any point in a room. 
This requirement may increase the number of extinguishers over the 
quantity required in the table on Minimum Quantity and Type of Fire 
Extinguishers.

                             Minimum Quantity and Type of Fire Extinguisher (Note 1)                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Water, antifreeze and                                                         
       Room or area type              loaded stream           Carbon Dioxide (CO2)            Halon 1301        
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ATCT, All Occupied and Support  Note 2, 4................  .........................  Note 4                    
 Areas.                                                                                                         
Electronic Equipment Room.....  Note 2, 4................  Note 3, 4................  Note 4                    
Mechanical Equipment Room.....  Note 2, 4................  Note 3, 4................  Note 4                    
Telco Equipment Room..........  Note 2, 4................  Two 15 lb. Extinguishers   Note 4                    
                                                            Note 3, 4.                                          
Engine Generator Room.........  Note 2, 4................  One 15 lb. Extinguisher    Note 4                    
                                                            Note 3, 4.                                          
Electric Storage Area.........  Note 2, 4................  Note 3, 4................  Note 3                    
General Storage Area..........  Note 2, 4................  One 15 lb. Extinguisher    ..........................
                                                            Note 3, 4.                                          
Maintenance Shop..............  Note 2, 4................  One 15 lb. Extinguisher    ..........................
                                                            Note 3, 4.                                          
Kitchen.......................  Note 2, 4 Multipurpose...  .........................  One 2A, 10B:C Halon       
                                                                                       Extinguisher             
Office Space..................  .........................  .........................  ..........................
ATCT Cab......................  Note 2, 4................  Note 3, 4................  Note 4                    
TRACON Room...................  Note 2, 4................  Note 3, 4................  Note 4                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:                                                                                                           
1. An extinguisher shall be available within 75 feet from any point in a room. This may increase the number of  
  extinguishers over the quantity required in the above table. Multiple extinguishers of a lesser rating may not
  be substituted for one larger extinguisher.                                                                   
2. One 2\1/2\ gallon extinguisher shall be provided per 300 square feet of floor area or portion thereof.       
3. One 15 lb. CO2 extinguisher shall be required for each 1600 square feet of floor area or portion thereof.    
4. Halon 1301 or 1211 extinguishers may be used instead of CO2 or water, antifreeze and loaded stream           
  extinguishers in existing ATCTs. A Halon extinguisher rated 10 B:C may be substituted for a 15 lb. CO2        
  extinguisher. A Halon extinguisher with 2A rating may be substituted for a water, antifreeze and loaded stream
  extinguisher with a 2\1/2\ gallon capacity.                                                                   
5. Multipurpose dry chemical extinguishers are preferred for use on all types of fires. Multipurpose dry        
  chemical extinguishers may be used instead of CO2, or water, antifreeze and loaded stream extinguishers in    
  ATCTs. A multipurpose dry chemical extinguisher rated 10 B:C may be substituted for a 15 lb. CO2 extinguisher.
  A multipurpose dry chemical extinguisher with 2A rating may be substituted for a water, antifreeze and loaded 
  stream extinguisher with a 2\1/2\ gallon capacity.                                                            


    (4) Halogenated extinguishing agents are no longer in 
production. Existing supplies of Halon extinguishers may remain in 
use until they are either discharged or require repair.
    (5) ATCTs constructed and occupied after the date this standard 
is promulgated shall not be equipped with halogenated fire 
extinguishers.

1. Fire Prevention and Evacuation Plan

    1. Fire Prevention Plan.
    (a) Each ATCT shall develop a written fire prevention plan which 
shall include at a minimum the following:
    (1) a list of all of the major workplace fire hazards and their 
proper handling and storage procedures, potential ignition sources 
(e.g., welding, smoking) and their control procedures, and the type 
of fire protection equipment or systems which can control a fire 
involving those hazards;
    (2) names or job titles of personnel responsible for maintaining 
equipment and systems installed to prevent or control fire;
    (3) names or job titles of personnel responsible for controlling 
fuel source hazards; and
    (4) a list of extinguishers installed at the facility and their 
locations.
    (b) Housekeeping. The employer shall control accumulations of 
flammable and combustible materials so that they do not contribute 
to a fire emergency. Housekeeping procedures shall be included in 
the written fire prevention plan.
    (c) Training.
    (1) The employer shall inform employees of the fire hazards of 
the materials and processes to which they are exposed.
    (2) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial 
assignment and annually thereafter those parts of the fire 
prevention plan which the employee must know in the event of an 
emergency. The written fire prevention plan shall be kept in the 
workplace and be available for employee review.
    (3) Employers shall train employees on the use of the various 
type of fire extinguishers used in their facility.
    (4) Supervisors shall document employee fire prevention training 
in employee records.
    2. Emergency Evacuation Plan.
    (a) An emergency egress plan shall be developed and posted at 
each ATCT facility where it is available for employee review.
    (b) This plan shall include actions employers and employees must 
take to ensure safety from fire and other emergencies. The plan 
shall include, at a minimum the following:
    (1) emergency escape procedures and emergency escape route 
assignments;
    (2) procedures to be followed by employees who remain to perform 
critical ATCT operations before they evacuate;
    (3) procedures to account for all employees after emergency 
evacuation has been completed;
    (4) rescue and medical duties for those employees who are to 
perform them; and
    (5) names or job titles of persons or departments who can be 
contacted for further information or explanation of duties under the 
plan.
    (6) This plan shall be posted in a place readily available to 
employees. A diagram of designated emergency egress routes shall be 
posted along the path of egress.
    (c) Training.
    (1) Before implementing the emergency action plan, the employer 
shall designate and train a sufficient number of persons to assist 
in the safe and orderly emergency evacuation of employees.
    (2) The employer shall review the plan with each employee 
covered by the plan at the following times:
    A. initially when the plan is developed;
    B. whenever the employee's responsibilities or designated 
actions under the plan change; and
    C. whenever the plan is changed.
    D. The employer shall review with each employee upon initial 
assignment and annually thereafter those parts of the evacuation 
plan which the employee must know to protect the employee in the 
event of an emergency.
    (d) Fire drills shall be held periodically. Fire drills shall be 
held often enough to ensure that each employee participates in at 
least one drill annually.
    (e) Since all personnel may not be able to leave their positions 
during a fire drill, employees who were not able to participate 
shall be briefed on the emergency evacuation route and instructed to 
use this route the next time they leave the facility in order to 
familiarize themselves with the exit route. Supervisors shall 
document employee briefings in employee records.
    (f) Ladders shall not be used during evacuation drills as their 
use during drills poses unnecessary risk.

Material Provided in Support of the Proposed Alternate Standard to 29 
CFR 1910.36(b)(8)

    A statement of why the agency cannot comply with the OSHA standard 
or wants to adopt an alternate standard.
    The existing alternate standard was proposed by the Department of 
Transportation (DOT) and accepted by the Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration (OSHA) for Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) in 
1982 in recognition of the characteristic structure of ATCTs and the 
unique FAA mission to control aircraft from these buildings. 
Contributing factors in the DOT pursuit of an alternate standard 
included the feasibility of using alternate life safety measures which 
provided an equivalent level of protection for ATCT occupants, the 
enormous expense and impracticality of adding a second exit to existing 
ATCTs or constructing ATCTs with two remote exits, and the need to 
minimize disruption of the commercial and private aviation activities.
    DOT requests modification to the existing alternate standard for 
ATCTs for the reasons stated below.
     A number of specifications established in the existing 
alternate standard for ATCTs require types of construction beyond those 
mandated in OSHA regulations or in life safety and building codes.
     A licensed fire protection engineer has provided several 
alternative protection measures for ATCTs which were not included in 
the existing alternate standard.
     The existing alternate standard does not address important 
operational ATCT requirements (e.g., 360 deg. field of vision at the 
cab level) or their relationship with protective structural or 
procedural features.
    A description of the alternate standard.
    The revision to the existing alternate standard provides types of 
ATCT construction and methods of operation which enhance the fire 
detection and notification, fire resistance, smoke control, and 
emergency response features for ATCTs. These features provide early 
warning of the presence of fire or smoke, flame and smoke spread 
control, and automatic notification of emergency response units such 
that a level of fire safety equivalent to two means of egress are 
afforded ATCT occupants.
    An explanation of how the alternate standard provides equivalent or 
greater protection for the affected employees.
    Enhancements to the alternate standard include:
     an ATCT stairway smoke control system;
     fire resistant rated materials for stairway enclosures and 
openings;
     self-closing or automatic fire doors;
     ATCT fire alarm system wiring in accordance with NFPA 72 
reliability standards;
     automatic smoke detection;
     automatic fire detection, alarm, and signalling systems 
with automatic fire department and ATCT notification and ATCT cab 
annunciator panels with battery backup;
     prohibition of storage of high hazard materials or use of 
more than minimal amounts of high hazard materials for specific duties;
     occupancy above the level of exit discharge only by able-
bodied persons;
     prescribed quality and type of interior finish materials;
     specified levels of fire resistant rated opening 
protectives to base buildings.
    These and other measures in the proposed revision to the alternate 
standard will provide equivalent or greater protection for ATCTs.
    A description of interim protective measures afforded employees.

    Pending approval of the proposed alternate standard, DOT has 
completed standard design ATCT structural fire safety enhancements 
proposed by the Rolf Jensen Associates licensed fire protection 
engineer. These enhancements comply with the proposed alternate 
standard. Other ATCTs are currently under going review by the licensed 
fire protection engineer contractor and up-grades are scheduled for 
completion by December 1994. In the interim, DOT has initiated a 
program in which ATCT employees are trained in emergency response 
techniques (evacuation plan, fire response techniques, and fire 
extinguisher use), agreements are made with local fire and rescue 
response units to ensure prompt fire control and medical service 
response, smoke detectors and fire alarms are installed, and 
housekeeping material and storage practices are improved.


[FR Doc. 94-20473 Filed 8-24-94; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4510-26-M