[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 135 (Friday, July 15, 1994)] [Unknown Section] [Page 0] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 94-17289] [[Page Unknown]] [Federal Register: July 15, 1994] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration 21 CFR Part 102 [Docket No. 92P-0476] Crabmeat; Amendment of Common or Usual Name Regulation AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Proposed rule. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is proposing to amend the common or usual name regulation for crabmeat by adding the species Lithodes aequispina to those listed in this regulation and by providing that the common or usual name of crabmeat derived from this species is ``Brown King crabmeat.'' This proposal is in response to a citizen petition submitted by the Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute (ASMI). DATES: Written comments by September 13, 1994. The agency proposes that any final rule that may issue based on this proposal become effective 30 days after its publication in the Federal Register. ADDRESSES: Written comments may be sent to the Dockets Management Branch (HFA-05), Food and Drug Administration, rm. 1-3, 12420 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, MD 20857. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mary I. Snyder, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (HFS-16), Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St. SW., Washington, DC 20204, 202-254-3888. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background A. Crabmeat Labeling The Shellfish Promotion Committee of ASMI, 1011 Western Ave., suite 603, Seattle, WA 98104, filed a petition on December 17, 1992, to amend the common or usual name regulation for crabmeat (Sec. 102.50 (21 CFR 102.50)) to provide that the common or usual name of crabmeat derived from the species L. aequispina is ``Brown King crabmeat.'' Section 102.50 lists the following genera and species and the associated common or usual name of their crabmeat: Paralithodes camtschatica and P. platypus as King crabmeat; P. brevipes as King crabmeat or Hanasaki crabmeat; Erimacrus isenbeckii as Korean variety crabmeat or Kegani crabmeat; and Chionoecetes opilio, Chionoecetes tanneri, Chionoecetes bairdii, and Chionoecetes angulatus as Snow crabmeat. Thus, Sec. 102.50 provides that only the crabmeat from three species of the genus Paralithodes may be called ``King crabmeat.'' FDA has been dealing with common or usual name issues involving crabmeat since 1954. In the Federal Register of April 8, 1954 (19 FR 2013), FDA announced its policy for the appropriate labeling of imported canned crabmeat. FDA stated that the term ``King crabmeat'' is an acceptable common name for the product prepared from any one of the above three Paralithodes species, and that ``Hanasaki crabmeat'' was an acceptable alternative common name for a product prepared from P. brevipes. FDA later codified these and the other common or usual names for crabmeat in Sec. 102.7 when it promulgated 21 CFR part 102 in 1973 (38 FR 6964 at 6966, March 14, 1973). (Section 102.7 was later redesignated as Sec. 102.50 (42 FR 14322, March 15, 1977)). FDA's policy on the labeling of the crabmeat of species not listed in Sec. 102.50 is set forth in the agency's Compliance Policy Guide (CPG 7108.04). Under this policy, products derived from domestic sources that are labeled as ``crabmeat,'' without qualification, are generally accepted to have been derived from Callinectes sapidus (blue crab). In other cases, the agency encourages the use of a prefix that identifies the country where the crab was caught (e.g., ``Taiwan Crabmeat''). B. Common or Usual Name Provisions The common or usual name of a food is the prevalent and meaningful name by which consumers ordinarily identify a specific food. This vernacular name may lack the specificity of the scientific or technical name of a food, but an appropriate common or usual name permits the public to unambiguously distinguish between similar foods that are available in the marketplace. The common or usual name of a food may be established by a history of common usage or by regulation. Section 102.5 requires that the common or usual name of a food accurately identify, in simple and direct terms, the basic nature of the food and its characterizing properties. The name must be uniform among all identical or similar products. In fact, under Sec. 101.3(b)(1), a food with a common or usual name that has been established by regulation is misbranded if it is not identified by that name. Before establishing a common or usual name by regulation, FDA must conclude that the proposed name is not false or misleading within the meaning of section 403(a) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) (21 U.S.C. 343(a)) and that the name for the food conforms with the provisions of Sec. 102.5. Moreover, to prevent confusion and deceptive economic practices, the agency must ensure that a proposed common or usual name is not inappropriately similar to one that has already been established by regulation. Therefore, suitable identifying terms in the proposed name are necessary to ensure that consumers can distinguish one product from another similar product (28 FR 10900, October 11, 1963). In the case of crabmeat, the common or usual name ``King crabmeat'' identifies a food with the common characterizing properties that consumers in the United States associate with the meat of the large spider crabs found in the waters of the North Pacific. These King crabs, also known as ``Alaskan King Crabs,'' are characterized by a spiny shell, six long spidery legs, a large and a small claw, and a typical weight of about 4\1/2\ Kilograms (kg) (10 pounds (lb)) (Refs. 1 and 2). Thus, the common name ``King crabmeat'' applies to the meat derived from any of three scientifically different crab species whose meats are sufficiently similar that consumers accept them as being interchangeable. This proposal, if finalized, will establish a new common or usual name that is similar to ``King crabmeat.'' FDA tentatively finds, however, that the similarity in names will not be deceptive because the ASMI petition includes data that show that the meat of L. aequispina and P. camtschatica (King crabmeat) are similar. Moreover, inclusion of the qualifying prefix ``brown'' in the proposed common or usual name for the meat of L. aequispina will help consumers to distinguish that crabmeat from that of the Paralithodes spp. Finally, data in the ASMI petition also show that ``Brown King crabmeat'' is the commonly accepted name for L. aequispina. C. Previous King Crabmeat Petitions FDA has previously denied petitions to amend Sec. 102.50 to permit the use either of the term ``King crabmeat'' or a qualified version of that name as the common or usual name of crabmeat from either L. aequispina or L. antarctica (Docket Nos. 76P-182, 81P 0327/CP, and 84P- 046). In each instance, the agency concluded that the petitioner had not presented sufficient evidence of the comparability of the meats of the Lithodes spp. with the King crabmeat of the Paralithodes spp. to support the requested amendment (Refs. 3, 4, 5, and 6). In these denials the agency held that a petitioner must demonstrate that each of the significant characteristics of King crabmeat that are valued by consumers is present in the new species before the agency will permit meat from that species to be identified in Sec. 102.50 as ``King crabmeat.'' The petition that FDA denied in 1978 (Docket No. 76P-182) requested that the common or usual name ``King crabmeat'' be established for L. aequispina. The agency denied the petition primarily because it found that, based on the limited numbers of L. aequispina marketed at that time, there was not a sufficient basis to find that there was a common or usual name for the species (Ref. 6). The available information on the name by which this species was commonly known within the industry showed that it was referred to by various names, including ``brown crab'' and ``golden crab,'' as well as ``King crab'' and ``golden King crab.'' II. Grounds for the Petition A. Introduction The ASMI petition requests that FDA amend Sec. 102.50 to include the species L. aequispina and provide for the use of ``Brown King crabmeat'' as the common or usual name of its crabmeat. In support of the amendment, the petition provides: (1) Data and results of tests that compare L. aequispina with P. camtschatica. The tests scored the preferences of a consumer panel for the taste, texture, appearance, and appropriateness of labeling each species as King crabmeat; (2) photographs that compare the size and color of the cooked legs and claws of these species; (3) literature bearing on crab fishery practices, marketing, and the nomenclature and comparative morphology of L. aequispina and other crab species; (4) a compilation of the average measurements of the shoulder, merus, carpus, and propodus for the crab legs used in the consumer panel visual display to determine preference for ``King crab'' labeling; and (5) ten letters from major processors of Alaska King crab and a letter from the National Fisheries Institute endorsing the petition and attesting that consumers and the industry accept L. aequispina (``Alaska golden or brown crab'') as King crab. B. Brown or Golden King Crab 1. Market Acceptance as King Crabmeat The ASMI states that L. aequispina has been commonly identified, marketed, and accepted as ``Gold,'' ``Golden,'' or ``Brown King crab'' since the early 1980's, when its fishery began to develop. The ASMI also states that no resistance or confusion has arisen from the general buying public concerning the use of the term ``King crab'' to describe the product. The petitioner further states that increased demand and recent developments in deep water harvesting technology have resulted in a significant commercial fishery for L. aequispina, and that, over the last decade, as the availability of P. camtschatica and P. platypus has decreased, the demand for and supply of L. aequispina has grown. The petition states that as a result of these factors, L. aequispina has become a major source of King crabmeat in the United States, whereas the supply of crabmeat from P. camtschatica and P. platypus has been greatly reduced and is often limited to a few market areas. As discussed above, FDA concluded in 1978 that the use of the term ``golden'' or ``brown crab'' for L. aequispina was not sufficiently common in U.S. markets to be established as the common or usual name for this food. However, the available evidence shows that, beginning in the 1980's, the size of the commercial catch of L. aequispina has increased to a large fraction of what the industry has called the ``total King crab harvest.'' For example, from 1981 to 1982, L. aequispina represented 1.4 percent of the total Alaskan King crab catch (Paralithodes spp. plus L. aequispina) in the western region. From 1983 to 1984, it represented 21.7 percent of the total catch (see Docket No. 84P-0046). In addition to the information in the petition, FDA has sought to corroborate the general acceptance of L. aequispina as a King crab, and that it is commonly known as ``brown'' King crab, by consulting authoritative references on nomenclature for aquatic species, as well as the scientific and trade literature. All of these sources commonly refer to L. aequispina as either ``golden King crab'' or ``brown King crab'' (Refs. 2 and 7 through 12). FDA relied in part on publications of the American Fisheries Society (``List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada'') in preparing a guide to acceptable common and market names for the species of food fish sold in U.S. interstate commerce that do not have common or usual names established by regulation (54 FR 12284, March 24, 1989). The American Fisheries Society Special Publication 17, ``Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Decapod Crustaceans,'' addresses adherence to uniform scientific and common nomenclature of aquatic invertebrates (Ref. 9). L. aequispina is among the species recognized in this compilation under the family heading ``Lithodidae-stone and King crabs.'' This compilation also identifies this species with the common name ``golden King crab.'' Similarly, a compilation that focuses on the fishery region of interest, ``Alaska's Saltwater Fishes and Other Sea Life, A Field Guide'', prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, identifies L. aequispina as ``Golden King Crab, Brown King Crab, or Deep Water Crab'' (Ref. 7). This source also presents illustrations and the dimensions of the species listed. A nomenclature reference with an international perspective, ``Fish: Five-Language Dictionary of Fish, Crustaceans and Molluscs,'' lists L. aequispina as ``golden King crab'' (Ref. 10). Literature unrelated to species identification or nomenclature also distinguishes L. aequispina as a King crab. For example, a treatise dealing with the diseases of aquatic species, ``Principal Diseases of Marine Fish and Shellfish,'' refers to this species as ``golden king crabs'' (Ref. 11). Similarly, an article reporting a joint government/ industry ocean survey to gather information on the size of L. aequispina at maturity is entitled ``Brown King Crab'' (Ref. 8), and regulations of the Alaska Board of Fisheries for Commercial Fishing in Alaska identify the species as ``brown king crab'' (Ref. 15). Correspondingly, trade periodicals dealing with the market price and availability of King crab consistently classify or refer to L. aequispina as a King crab (prefaced by either ``golden'' or ``brown'') and commonly regard it as an Alaskan King crab (Refs. 2, 12, and 13). Thus, the agency tentatively finds that these names for L. aequispina have been commonly used in the United States for about a decade, and that this usage, in contrast with the situation in 1978, supports the requested amendment of Sec. 102.50. In addressing the similarities between L. aequispina and P. camtschatica, the petition does not address the value that the marketplace ascribes to each species, as reflected by the market prices they command. Nor does the petition address whether establishing the proposed common or usual name for L. aequispina will affect the price of its meat. FDA believes that in the case of unprocessed raw products such as crabs, consumers and crabmeat processors will normally pay a comparable price for similar products that are equally desirable. For example, from January 1990 to January 1992, prices for ``King'' crab legs and claws (12/14 count) were reported to have varied from $2.10 to $3.85 more per pound than those of ``Brown King'' (21/24 count) (Ref. 12). In 1988, graded sections of P. camtschatica were $1.75 to $2.00 more per pound than those of Brown King crab (Ref. 13). Thus, although L. aequispina is classified and sold as a King crab, the substantial price difference between these species means that they are not typically regarded as interchangeable foods by the marketplace. A certain amount of the price differential between these species may be attributable to the current scarcity of the Paralithodes spp. However, FDA believes that most of the difference in price is a result of the disparity in size. The agency recognizes that one of the primary distinguishing and valued features of Paralithodes spp. is their large size relative to other crabs. Therefore, fair dealing and the interest of the consumer require that, among other considerations, any crabmeat that is labeled either as ``King crabmeat'' or as a variety of King crabmeat (e.g., Brown King crabmeat) should be derived from a species of crab that has dimensions that are similar to those which consumers associate with King crab (Paralithodes spp.). Literature in the petition (Ref. 7) shows that the length of L. aequispina (listed as ``Golden King Crab,'' ``Brown King Crab,'' or ``Deep Water Crab''), measured across the body shell (carapace), is 23 centimeters (cm) (9 inches (in)), and that its width is up to 23 cm (9 in). The respective carapace dimensions for P. camtschatica and P. platypus are given as: 23 cm (9 in) and up to 28 cm (11 in) across the carapace; 20 cm (8 in) and up to 25 cm (10 in) in width. These dimensions show that while L. aequispina is not as large as the two Paralithodes spp., selected examples of the three species can be comparable in overall body size. The actual sizes of the crabs generally available to the consumer or crabmeat processor, however, are governed by the size of the crabs customarily found in the commercial catch. This size, in turn, may be determined more by the minimum harvestable size imposed for a specific harvesting area or fishery, than by the larger sizes that are known to exist but are not caught in significant numbers. The larger sizes of L. aequispina apparently are not caught in significant numbers (Ref. 8). As a consequence, the minimum legal size limit for harvest in some fishery areas might be reduced to crabs as small as 13.75 cm (5\1/2\ in) in carapace width, to make the fishery commercially viable for L. aequispina (Ref. 8). The agency believes that these factors may result in crab parts and crabmeat chunks that typically are somewhat smaller than those of the Paralithodes spp. The petition states that because each of the species is harvested from widespread areas in Alaskan waters, the size of the crabs has always varied. To compensate for this variation, the legs and claws are repacked to provide uniform counts per 4\1/2\-kg (10-lb) unit. Thus, the petitioner contends that the retailer and the consumer will get a uniform range of sizing regardless of which species of Lithodes or Paralithodes is purchased as ``King crab.'' However, as described above, the generally lower market price of L. aequispina indicates that providing uniform counts per unit weight does not cause processors and consumers to accept its meat as interchangeable with that of the Paralithodes spp. 2. Comparative Sensory Testing The petitioner states that in establishing an appropriate common or usual name, consumers must be protected from deceptive practices, but that the proposed name is justified because there are more similarities than differences between L. aequispina crabmeat and that of the three species of Paralithodes listed in Sec. 102.50. The petition states that the crabmeat from all four species is nearly identical in flavor, texture, and color. The petition describes a slight variation in the reddish hue of the carotenoid layer surrounding the white meat of each leg segment of L. aequispina but states that there is a range of the reddish hue in the meat between samples of any one species. Photographs comparing the cooked legs and claws of L. aequispina and P. camtschatica demonstrate that these pieces share a similar color and morphology. Consumer acceptance studies were conducted with a total of 158 individuals tested in three geographic areas (Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City). The tests compared L. aequispina with P. camtschatica by rating consumer preference, in terms of degree of ``liking,'' based on the appearance of previously frozen crab legs and the taste and texture of their crabmeat, presented as precooked split merus (the section of the leg of a king crab which is closest to the shoulder (Ref. 16)) portions in the shell. The test panel also rated the appropriateness of labeling each species' crabmeat as ``King crab,'' based on a display of cooked, whole crab legs. All products were from crab legs sized 16/20 pieces per 4\1/2\ kg (10 lb). The sensory characteristics of the samples were evaluated on a hedonic scale, ranging from 9 for ``like extremely'' to 1 for ``dislike extremely.'' The reported average scores in each of the four rated categories of ``liking'' (overall degree of liking, appearance, flavor, and texture) for each species were not statistically different at the 90 percent confidence level, and these average scores were approximately 7 on the hedonic scale (like moderately) for each category. The averaged results thus indicate that the panel members found no significant differences between the crabmeats of the two species. However, a slightly greater number of responses in the top degrees of liking (extremely and very much) indicated a consistent margin of preference for P. camtschatica across these four categories. Analysis of the data by FDA confirmed the reported results but found that the results for all of the categories evaluated were dependent on the order in which the species were presented (Ref. 14). The ratings for ``appearance'' showed that the respondents that were given the P. camtschatica crabmeat first rated it significantly higher (p <0.01) than they rated L. aequispina. When the species were presented to other respondents in the reverse order, L. aequispina was rated significantly higher (p < 0.01). Similarly, when rated for ``flavor,'' P. camtschatica meat scored significantly higher (p < 0.01) if presented first, while the reverse order of presentation resulted in flavor ratings that were about the same on average (p <0.15). In the case of the rating for ``overall'' acceptance, respondents that were given P. camtschatica crabmeat first rated it significantly higher (p <0.001) than L. aequispina, while those presented with the products in the reverse order rated the two products about the same on average (p <0.15). A similar pattern was found for the ``texture'' ratings. The ratings for the appropriateness of labeling either crab as ``King crab,'' based on the appearance of the whole crab legs, resulted in a statistically significant higher mean score for L. aequispina. However, the petition does not state to what degree the display represented the most commonly available leg sizes of each species. Again, however, FDA analysis of the data indicated that the order of presentation appeared to affect the results. Respondents observing P. camtschatica legs first rated L. aequispina significantly higher (p <0.001) than P. camtschatica. When given in the reverse order, the two products were rated about the same on average (p >0.25). The apparent dependence of the preferences expressed by the panel on the order of species presentation raises questions about the adequacy of the statistical design of the study. However, FDA does not believe that the effects observed from the order of species presentation are of a type or an extent that invalidates the overall test panel results, which show that the crabmeats are similar. For example, in four of the five categories evaluated, reversing the order in which the crabmeat was presented (e.g., L. aequispina before P. camtschatica) did not result in L. aequispina being favored over P. camtschatica, as might be expected if there was a meaningful correlation between preference and order of presentation. Instead, those served L. aequispina first rated the two crabmeats about the same on average, suggesting that any bias introduced by the order of crabmeat presentation was not a determining factor in the overall panel ratings. Therefore, FDA tentatively concludes that the approximately equivalent average scores for each species in each of the four sensory categories compared are valid findings, and that they are sufficient to demonstrate that the test panels found that the two crabmeats are similar foods when compared for flavor, texture, appearance, and overall degree of liking. Thus, with respect to these sensory attributes, the results are consistent with the conclusion that the use of the terms ``King crabmeat'' in the common or usual name of L. aequispina is not misleading. Inasmuch as the proposed amendment will establish a common name for a similar but separate type of ``King crabmeat,'' FDA tentatively finds that tests showing that consumers accept the meat of L. aequispina as identical to, or interchangeable with, that of the three Paralithodes species are not necessary. III. The Proposed Regulation While the petition seeks to demonstrate the similarity between the important characteristics of L. aequispina meat and that of the largest of the Paralithodes crabs, the petitioner's proposed amendment requests the use of a common or usual name other than ``King crabmeat.'' FDA believes that the data and information submitted in the petition, as well as other information available to the agency, support a tentative conclusion that L. aequispina is now widely accepted in the United States as a bonafide King crab. This tentative conclusion is based primarily on the use of the term ``King crab'' in the names commonly used to identify it in the scientific and trade literature (i.e., golden, gold, brown, and deep water King crab), as well as its relative size and a decade of substantial sales and acceptance in the United States as a type of King crab. However, the agency also recognizes that L. aequispina is a different genus than the species commonly known as ``King crab'' in the United States, and that its somewhat smaller size and lower market value clearly differentiate it from traditional King crab of the genus Paralithodes. Consequently, FDA agrees with the petitioner, and one of the processors that endorsed the petition by letter, that the crabmeat of L. aequispina should be identified by a qualifying prefix that will make consumers aware that it is not identical to the King crabmeat of the three Paralithodes species listed in Sec. 102.50. Therefore, because the requested name is a modified form of an established common name for a similar food, FDA tentatively concludes that the proposed name will not confuse or mislead consumers. FDA has tentatively concluded the modified name ``Brown King crabmeat'' appropriately sets this product apart from ``King crabmeat,'' and that ``Brown'' suitably serves to identify and distinguish this similar but specific type of crabmeat. Moreover, the name ``Brown King crabmeat'' has the benefit of a history of common use that should augment the recognition among consumers of the differences between these two foods. The agency is aware that L. aequispina also has been commonly referred to as ``Golden King crab.'' Nonetheless, FDA discourages the use of the name ``Golden King crabmeat,'' because its use as a statement of identity on food labels could mislead consumers. FDA believes that the use of the prefix ``golden'' connotes a superior quality or premium grade of crabmeat and thereby could unfairly affect the price that consumers are willing to pay for the product. Conversely, the agency tentatively concludes that the common or usual name ``Brown King crabmeat'' does not convey similar ambiguous implications about the nature or value of the crabmeat. FDA tentatively finds that this name is consistent with fair dealing and the interest of the consumer and should not unfairly affect the price of L. aequispina crabmeat. As provided by Sec. 101.3(b)(1), adoption by FDA of the proposed amendment will require that the meat of L. aequispina be labeled as ``Brown King crabmeat.'' The agency tentatively finds that the consistent use of this term will benefit consumers by providing a consistent statement of identity, thereby precluding the use of various potentially misleading names in or on labels and labeling pertaining to this food. The common or usual name ``Brown King crabmeat'' will provide consumers with a common or usual name for L. aequispina crabmeat that not only accurately identifies the basic nature of the food in simple and direct terms as a meat derived from a King crab, but also provides consumers with added characterizing information that will enable them to distinguish it from traditional ``King crabmeat.'' Therefore, after a careful review of the petition and consideration of all of the available information, FDA is proposing to amend Sec. 102.50, by adding the crabmeat of the species L. aequispina, identified by the common or usual name ``Brown King crabmeat.'' This proposal is based in part on the acceptance of L. aequispina as a ``Brown King crab'' by the fishery industry and in the marketplace and in part on the similarity of its meat in taste, texture, and appearance with King crabmeat, as demonstrated by consumer acceptance studies. IV. Analysis of Impacts FDA has examined the impacts of the proposed rule under Executive Order 12866 and the Regulatory Flexibility Act (Pub. L. 96-354). Executive Order 12866 directs agencies to assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, when regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety, and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity). The agency believes that this proposed rule is consistent with the regulatory philosophy and principles identified in the Executive Order. In addition, the proposed rule is not a significant regulatory action as defined by the Executive Order and so is not subject to review under the Executive Order. The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires agencies to analyze regulatory options that would minimize any significant impact of a rule on small entities. Because L. aequispina has been marketed for 10 years as golden or brown King crab, FDA estimates that there are no costs of the proposed rule from labeling changes or for any other reason, the agency certifies that the proposed rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Therefore, under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, no further analysis is required. V. Environmental Impact The agency has determined under 21 CFR 25.24(b)(1) that this action is of a type that does not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment. Therefore, neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is required. VI. References The following references have been placed on display in the Dockets Management Branch (address above) and may be seen by interested persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. 1. ``The Seafood Handbook, Seafood Standards, Establishing Guidelines for Quality,'' published by Seafood Business Magazine, Rockland, ME, Journal Publications, 1991. 2. Miller, R.J., ``North American Crab Fisheries: Regulations and Their Rationales,'' Fisheries Bulletin, 74 (3):623, 1976. 3. Letter to Arne L. Abrams, Wendt International, Inc., from Joseph P. Hile, FDA, April 12, 1982. 4. Letter to Patrick J. Ricci, Seven Seas, Inc., from Joseph P. Hile, FDA, April 30, 1984. 5. Letter to Raquel B. Flisfisch, Embassy of Chile, ProChile Chilean Government Trade Bureau, from Joseph P. Hile, FDA, September 28, 1984. 6. Letter to Charles O. Perkins, Technical Services, New England Fish Company, from Joseph P. Hile, FDA, September 11, 1978. 7. Kessler, Doyne W., ``Alaska's Saltwater Fishes and Other Sea Life, A Field Guide,'' The National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Northwest Publishing Co., Anchorage, AK, p. 27, 1985. 8. Benveniste, K., ``Brown King Crab,'' Pacific Fishing, p. 44, October 1983. 9. Williams, Austin B., Lawrence G. Abele, et al., ``Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Decapod Crustaceans,'' American Fisheries Society Special Publication 17, p. 33, 1989. 10. Krane, W., ``Fish: Five-Language Dictionary of Fish, Crustaceans and Molluscs,'' Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 96, 1986. 11. Sindermann, C. J., ``Principal Diseases of Marine Fish and Shellfish,'' vol. 2, 2d ed., Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, p. 193, 1990. 12. ``North Pacific Crab,'' Seafood Leader, 12(2):213, 1992. 13. ``Buyer's Guide,'' Seafood Leader, 8:275, 1988. 14. Memorandum from Foster D. McClure, Statistical Analysis Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA, to Spring C. Randolph, Office of Seafood, FDA, November 1, 1993. 15. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Regulations of the Alaska Board of Fisheries and Commercial Fishing in Alaska, p. 128, 1990. 16. Dore, Ian, ``Fresh Seafood,'' The Commercial Buyers Guide, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 210, 1984. VII. Comments Interested persons may, on or before September 13, 1994, submit to the Dockets Management Branch (address above) written comments regarding this proposal. Two copies of any comments are to be submitted, except that individuals may submit one copy. Comments are to be identified with the docket number found in brackets in the heading of this document. Received comments may be seen in the office above between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 102 Beverages, Food grades and standards, Food labeling, Frozen foods, Oils and fats, Onions, Potatoes, Seafood. Therefore, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under authority delegated to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs , it is proposed that 21 CFR part 102 be amended as follows: PART 102--COMMON OR USUAL NAME FOR NONSTANDARDIZED FOODS 1. The authority citation for 21 CFR part 102 continues to read as follows: Authority: Secs. 201, 403, 701 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321, 343, 371). 2. Section 102.50 is amended by revising the table to read as follows: Sec. 102.50 Crabmeat. * * * * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific name of crab Common or usual name of crabmeat ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Chionoecetes opilio, Chionoecetes Snow crabmeat. tanneri, Chionoecetes bairdii, and Chionoecetes angulatus. Erimacrus isenbeckii............... Korean variety crabmeat or Kegani crabmeat. Lithodes aequispina................ Brown King crabmeat. Paralithodes brevipes.............. King crabmeat or Hanasaki crabmeat. Paralithodes camtschatica and King crabmeat. Paralithodes platypus. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dated: June 30, 1994. Michael R. Taylor, Deputy Commissioner for Policy. [FR Doc. 94-17289 Filed 7-14-94; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4160-01-P