[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 133 (Wednesday, July 13, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-16983]


[[Page Unknown]]

[Federal Register: July 13, 1994]


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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
 

[OPPTS-41041; FRL-4870-4]

Thirty-Fourth Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to 
the Administrator; Receipt of Report and Request for Comments

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The TSCA Interagency Testing Committee (ITC), established 
under section 4(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 
transmitted its Thirty-Fourth Report to the Administrator of EPA on May 
17, 1994. As noted in this Report, which is included with this notice, 
the ITC revised the Priority Testing List by: (1) changing a 
recommendation for one chemical, white phosphorus, to a designation, 
(2) recommending two chemicals, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl 
methyl ether, and (3) removing eight chemicals from the List. The eight 
chemicals being removed from the List are: methyl methacrylate, diethyl 
phthalate, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, acetophenone, phenol, N,N-
dimethylaniline, ethyl acetate, and 2,6-dimethylphenol. The Report 
states the reasons for the removal of these chemicals from the List. 
EPA invites interested persons to submit written comments on the 
Report.
    In addition, EPA is soliciting interested parties for participation 
in or monitoring of a TSCA section 4 testing consent agreement 
development process for white phosphorus that was designated for 
amphibian, reptile, wild mammal, and aquatic plant acute toxicity 
testing; and terrestrial plant uptake and translocation testing. EPA is 
also inviting manufacturers and/or processors of white phosphorus who 
wish to participate in testing negotiations for white phosphorus to 
develop and submit testing agreement proposals to EPA.
    EPA has already solicited interested parties in developing testing 
agreements for ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether (59 FR 
18399, April 18, 1994).
DATES: Written comments on the 34th ITC Report should be submitted by 
August 12, 1994. Written testing proposals must be received by 
September 12, 1994. Written notice of interest in being designated an 
``interested party'' to the development or monitoring of a consent 
agreement for white phosphorus must be received by September 12, 1994. 
Those submitting written testing proposals will be considered 
``interested parties'' and do not have to submit separate written 
notice. EPA will contact all ``interested parties'' and advise them of 
meeting dates.

ADDRESSES: Send six copies of written submissions to: TSCA Public 
Docket Office (7407), Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 
Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. B-607 NEM, 401 M St., SW., 
Washington, DC 20460. Submissions should bear the document control 
number (OPPTS-41041; FRL-4870-4).
    The public record supporting this action, including comments, is 
available for public inspection in Rm. B-607 NEM at the address noted 
above from 12 noon to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except legal 
holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan B. Hazen, Director, 
Environmental Assistance Division (7408), Office of Pollution 
Prevention and Toxics, Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW., 
Rm. E-543B, Washington, DC 20460, (202) 554-1404, TDD (202) 554-0551.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: EPA has received the TSCA Interagency 
Testing Committee's Thirty-Fourth Report to the Administrator.

I. Background

    TSCA (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 et seq; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) 
authorizes the Administrator of EPA to promulgate regulations under 
section 4(a) requiring testing of chemicals and chemical groups in 
order to develop data relevant to determining the risks that such 
chemicals and chemical groups may present to health or the environment. 
Section 4(e) of TSCA established the Interagency Testing Committee to 
recommend chemicals and chemical groups to the Administrator of EPA for 
priority testing consideration. Section 4(e) directs the ITC to revise 
the TSCA section 4(e) Priority Testing List at least every 6 months. 
The most recent revisions to this List are included in the ITC's 
Thirty-Fourth Report. The Report was received by the Administrator on 
May 17, 1994, and is included in this Notice. The Report changes a 
recommendation for one chemical, recommends two chemicals, and removes 
eight chemicals from the TSCA section 4(e) Priority Testing List.

II. Written and Oral Comments

    EPA invites interested persons to submit detailed comments on the 
ITC's Report. All submissions should bear the identifying docket number 
(OPPTS-41041).
    EPA invites interested persons to submit detailed comments on the 
ITC's new recommendations. The Agency is interested in receiving 
information concerning additional or ongoing health and safety studies 
on the subject chemicals as well as information relating to the human 
and environmental exposure to these chemicals.
    A notice will be published at a later date in the Federal Register 
adding the substances recommended in the ITC's ThirtyFourth Report to 
the TSCA section 8(d) Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule (40 CFR 
part 716), which requires the reporting of unpublished health and 
safety studies on the listed chemicals.

III. Status of List

    The ITC's Thirty-Fourth Report notes the change of a recommendation 
for one chemical to a designation, the recommendation of two chemicals, 
and the removal of eight chemicals from the Priority Testing List. The 
current TSCA section 4(e) Priority Testing List contains 12 chemicals 
and 12 chemical groups, with 2 chemical groups and 3 chemicals 
designated for testing.

IV. Testing Consent Agreements

    1. Solicitation of interested parties. EPA's procedures for 
requiring the testing of chemical substances under section 4 of TSCA 
include the adoption of enforceable consent agreements and the 
promulgation of test rules. These processes are found at 40 CFR 790.20. 
EPA has on numerous occasions been approached by chemical companies 
interested in negotiating consent agreements for testing ITC chemicals 
or chemical groups. As a result of these requests, EPA is now inviting 
persons interested in participating in or monitoring negotiations on 
the chemical designated in the Thirty-Fourth ITC Report to notify EPA 
in writing. Those who respond to this solicitation by the deadline 
established in this notice will have the status of ``interested 
parties'' and will be afforded opportunities to participate in the 
negotiation process. These ``interested parties'' will not incur any 
obligations by being designated ``interested parties.''
    2. Solicitation of testing proposals for consent agreement 
negotiations. EPA is also now soliciting testing proposals for a 
consent agreement to perform amphibian, reptile, wild mammal, and 
aquatic plant acute toxicity testing; and terrestrial plant uptake and 
translocation testing on white phosphorus. Following publication of 
this notice, manufacturers and/or processors have 60 days to develop 
and submit testing proposals that they wish EPA to consider as 
candidates for consent agreement negotiations for white phosphorus. 
Testing guidelines for the designated tests include: (1) Lemna Acute 
Toxicity Test at 40 CFR 797.1160, (2) Plant Uptake and Translocation 
Test at 40 CFR 797.2850, (3) Amphibian Acute Toxicity Test, (4) 
Reptilian Acute Toxicity Test, (5) Wild Mammal Acute Toxicity Test. 
These guidelines are available to the public through the TSCA Public 
Docket Office and the Environmental Assistance Division listed above. 
These guidelines should be reviewed before submitting any testing 
proposals in response to this notice.
    For additional technical information on these testing guidelines 
contact Dr. Barnett Rattner, Department of The Interior, (301) 497-
5671.
    All testing proposals submitted should describe the testing to be 
performed and explain any deviations from the test protocols.
    EPA will review the submissions and select the most promising 
submissions as candidates for negotiation. Submissions that fully 
address the ITC's concerns will have a higher chance of success than 
those that do not fully address all data needs.
    3. Negotiation of testing program and development of a testing 
consent agreement. EPA will follow the negotiation procedures under 40 
CFR 790.22, and to the extent feasible, the timetable outlined in 40 
CFR part 790, appendix A to subpart B.
    For additional information about process or negotiations contact 
Frank Kover, Chief, Chemical Testing and Information Branch, (202) 260-
8130.
    Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2603.

    Dated: June 30, 1994.
Charles M. Auer,
Director, Chemical Control Division, Office of Pollution Prevention and 
Toxics.

Thirty-Fourth Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the 
Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

SUMMARY: This is the 34th Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing 
Committee (ITC) to the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency (EPA). The ITC is revising its Priority Testing List 
by changing a recommendation for one chemical, white phosphorus, to a 
designation for action by the Administrator within 12 months, 
recommending two chemicals, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl 
ether and by removing eight chemicals. White phosphorus is being 
designated to meet the data needs of the Department of Interior (DOI); 
discussions are ongoing with the Agency for Toxic Substances and 
Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Department of Defense (DOD), and EPA to 
coordinate their data needs with those of DOI. Ethyl tert-butyl ether 
and tert-amyl methyl ether are being recommended for health effects 
testing because EPA needs these data for ongoing assessments. Methyl 
methacrylate and diethyl phthalate are being removed from the List 
because dermal absorption rate data are available that are likely to 
satisfy the data needs of the Occupational Health and Safety 
Administration (OSHA). N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine is being removed from 
the List because studies reviewed by the ITC did not increase concerns 
for cancer and the ITC's priorities do not include designating the 
chemical at this time. Acetophenone, phenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, ethyl 
acetate and 2,6-dimethylphenol are being removed from the List because 
EPA proposed the testing designated by the ITC in its 27th Report in a 
test rule that was published on November 22, 1993 (58 FR 61654).

I. Background

    The TSCA Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) was established by 
section 4(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA):
     ...to make recommendations to the Administrator respecting the 
chemical substances and mixtures to which the Administrator should 
give priority consideration for the promulgation of a rule for 
testing under section 4(a).... At least every six months..., the 
Committee shall make such revisions in the List as it determines to 
be necessary and to transmit them to the Administrator together with 
the Committee's reasons for the revisions...
    (Public Law 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 et seq., 15 U.S.C. 2601 et 
seq.).


Since its creation in 1976, the ITC has submitted 33 semi-annual 
Reports to the EPA Administrator transmitting the Priority Testing List 
and its revisions. These Reports have been published in the Federal 
Register (FR) and are available from the ITC. The ITC meets monthly and 
produces its revisions with the help of staff and technical contract 
support provided by EPA. ITC membership and support personnel are 
listed at the end of this Report.
    Following receipt of the ITC's Report and the addition of chemicals 
to the Priority Testing List, the EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention 
and Toxics adds these chemicals to TSCA section 8(a) and 8(d) rules 
that require manufacturers, processors, and/or distributors of these 
chemicals to submit production and exposure data (8a), and health and 
safety studies (8d), within 2 months of the rules' effective date. The 
submissions are indexed and maintained by EPA. The ITC reviews the 8(a) 
and 8(d) information and other available data on chemicals and chemical 
groups (e.g., TSCA section 8(e) ``substantial risk'' studies, ``For 
Your Information'' (FYI) submissions to EPA and published papers) to 
determine if revisions to the Priority Testing List are necessary. 
Revisions can include changing a recommendation to a designation for 
action by the Administrator within 12 months, modifying the recommended 
testing, or removing the chemical or chemical group from the List.

II. Revisions to the TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List

    The ITC's revisions to its TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List 
are summarized in the following Table 1. 

  Table 1. Chemicals Designated, Recommended and Removed From the TSCA  
                   Section 4(e) Priority Testing List                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CAS No.            Chemical/Group           Action           Date 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7723-14-0...........  White phosphorus....  Designate               5/94
                                             Previously                 
                                             Recommended                
                                             Chemical for               
                                             Amphibian,                 
                                             Reptile, Wild              
                                             Mammal, and                
                                             Aquatic Plant              
                                             Acute Toxicity             
                                             Testing; and               
                                             Terrestrial Plant          
                                             Uptake and                 
                                             Translocation              
                                             Testing.                   
                                                                        
637-92-3............  Ethyl tert-butyl      Recommend for           5/94
                       ether.                health effects             
                                             testing.                   
                                                                        
994-05-8............  Tert-amyl methyl      Recommend for           5/94
                       ether.                health effects             
                                             testing.                   
                                                                        
80-62-6.............  Methyl methacrylate.  Remove Previously       5/94
                                             Recommended                
                                             Chemical.                  
                                                                        
84-66-2.............  Diethyl phthalate...  Remove Previously       5/94
                                             Recommended                
                                             Chemical.                  
90-30-2.............  N-Phenyl-1-           Remove Previously       5/94
                       naphthylamine.        Recommended                
                                             Chemical.                  
98-86-2.............  Acetophenone........  Remove Previously       5/94
                                             Designated                 
                                             Chemical.                  
108-95-2............  Phenol..............  Remove Previously       5/94
                                             Designated                 
                                             Chemical.                  
121-69-7............  N,N-Dimethylaniline.  Remove Previously       5/94
                                             Designated                 
                                             Chemical.                  
141-78-6............  Ethyl acetate.......  Remove Previously       5/94
                                             Designated                 
                                             Chemical.                  
576-26-1............  2,6-Dimethylphenol..  Remove Previously      5/94 
                                             Designated                 
                                             Chemical.                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Rationale for the revisions

A. ITC's Activities During this Reporting Period

    During the 6 months covered by this Report, November 1993 through 
April 1994, the ITC reviewed the TSCA section 8(a) and section 8(d) 
submissions and other available data for white phosphorus and N-phenyl-
1-naphthylamine and dermal absorption data for diethyl phthalate and 
methyl methacrylate, and made decisions with respect to their 
dispositions on the Priority Testing List.

B. Specific Rationales

    1. Designated chemical -- White phosphorus--a. Background. 
Thousands of ducks in wetlands at an artillery impact area have been 
poisoned by white phosphorus. The Department of Interior (DOI) is 
concerned about the persistence of white phosphorus in wetland 
sediments, the adverse effects of white phosphorus on wildlife, and the 
indirect effects of white phosphorus on endangered species that feed on 
carcasses of white phosphorus-poisoned wildlife.
    In November 1991, based on DOI's data needs, the ITC recommended 
testing to determine the persistence of white phosphorus in surface 
waters and sediments and the toxicity to migratory birds and other 
wildlife (see the ITC's 29th Report in 56 FR 67424, December 30, 1991). 
Since that recommendation, the DOI has considered these and other data 
needs. Discussions at ITC meetings, are ongoing with the Agency for 
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Department of 
Defense (DOD), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to 
coordinate their data needs with those of DOI. Several Federal 
Government organizations have past and ongoing activities that could 
result in the identification of additional data needs for white 
phosphorus and more ITC testing designations. Some of these activities 
are described below.
    ATSDR is drafting a toxicological profile on white phosphorus. DOD 
is supporting studies on white phosphorus because it is detected in 
wetlands on DOD munitions testing sites. In 1990, EPA published a 
Drinking Water Health Advisory for white phosphorus (Ref. 20). In 1992 
and 1993, EPA obtained 1991 and 1992 data under the Toxics Release 
Inventory (TRI), indicating that during each of these years about 
300,000 pounds of white phosphorus were released to land (Ref. 17). 
These releases are an order of magnitude lower than reported for 
previous years (56 FR 67424) and reflect, in part, more accurate record 
keeping by white phosphorus manufacturers. In 1993, EPA and DOD 
conducted 4 seminars on ``technologies for remediating sites 
contaminated with explosive and radioactive wastes'' (Ref. 21). In 
1993, EPA also prepared a handbook entitled ``Approaches for the 
Remediation of Federal Sites Contaminated with Explosive and 
Radioactive Wastes'' (Ref. 22). White phosphorus was extensively 
discussed in the seminars and the handbook. EPA is making a 
determination of whether there are health effects data needed for white 
phosphorus under Title III of the Clean Air Act. ITC will coordinate 
ATSDR, DOD and EPA data needs with those of DOI and determine if 
additional testing needs to be designated in a future ITC report.
    The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) has two Registry numbers for 
white phosphorus: 7723-14-0, as a general number for white, yellow, 
black and red phosphorus, and 12185-10-3 specifically for white 
phosphorus. The ITC used CAS No. 7723-14-0 in the 29th Report, because 
it is the most commonly used for white phosphorus. It is used to record 
production volume and environmental release data as well as most 
published and unpublished studies. In response to the ITC's 29th Report 
testing recommendations, EPA promulgated TSCA section 8(a) and 8(d) 
rules for CAS No. 7723-14-0 on March 12, 1993, and for CAS No. 12185-
10-3 on December 27, 1993. The manufacturers, processors and 
distributors of white phosphorus submitted section 8(a) reports and 
section 8(d) studies only for 7723-14-0. Therefore, the ITC is only 
designating white phosphorus as CAS No. 7723-14-0 and requesting that 
EPA remove CAS No. 12185-10-3 from the TSCA section 8(d) rule.
    b. Designated testing. To meet the data needs of DOI, the ITC is 
designating white phosphorus for amphibian, reptile, wild mammal and 
aquatic plant acute toxicity testing, and terrestrial plant uptake and 
translocation testing.
    c. Rationale for designation. DOI reviewed the submitted section 
8(a) and 8(d) data as well as TSCA section 8(e), FYI, and published 
papers for white phosphorus. It continues to be concerned about the 
persistence of white phosphorus in wetland sediments, adverse effects 
on wildlife that feed on white phosphorus-contaminated sediments, and 
the potential adverse effects on endangered species that feed on 
carcasses of wildlife that die from white phosphorus poisoning. 
Although DOI is working with DOD to conduct and coordinate testing and 
field investigations of white phosphorus, DOI has data needs that are 
not included in this coordinated, government-funded program. These 
additional data are needed by DOI to assess the ecological risks posed 
by white phosphorus.
    d. Supporting information. DOI nominated white phosphorus to the 
ITC in 1991 because persistence and ecotoxicity data were needed to 
assess the ecological risks posed by white phosphorus. The results of 
studies submitted under TSCA section 8(d) and section 8(e), other 
relevant data, and ongoing activities are presented below along with 
the specific rationales for the designated tests.
    (1) Exposure information--production/use/disposal/exposure/release. 
In 1990, approximately 700 million pounds of white phosphorus were 
produced (Ref. 2). Based on 1991 and 1992 TRI data, about 300,000 
pounds are released annually from production facilities (Ref. 17). The 
amounts of white phosphorus released during munitions testing, 
pesticides manufacturing and other uses is unknown to the ITC.
    Every year since 1980, up to 3,000 waterfowl (dabbling ducks), 50 
swans, and an undetermined number of shorebirds appear to have died 
from white phosphorus poisoning at an artillery impact area in the 
estuarine wetlands of Eagle River Flats, Cook Inlet, Alaska. This 
wildlife mortality continues despite the fact that on September 10, 
1991, the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Logistics, 
and Environment) suspended the Army's firing of white phosphorus 
munitions in wetland areas.
    White phosphorus has been detected in water samples (0.013-0.069 
g/L) from Eagle River Flats (Ref. 10). White phosphorus 
particles have been visually identified and chemically-confirmed at 
concentrations of 10 ppm in sediments (Refs. 11 and 23). White 
phosphorus has been isolated from the gizzards of dead mallard ducks, 
Anas platyrhynchos (Ref. 11). Exposure of at least a dozen avian 
species has been documented through chemical detection of white 
phosphorus in gizzard, liver, muscle, fat or skin (Refs. 11, 13, and 
23).
    White phosphorus contamination at artillery impact areas is 
currently being investigated by Simmers et al. (Ref. 14). Sampling 
results from 21 of the 23 DOD installations indicate that white 
phosphorus was detected (detection limit of 1 g/kg) at seven 
of the installations (Ref. 3).
    (2) Chemical fate information. Degradation rates of white 
phosphorus solutions have been characterized in an aqueous in vitro 
test system (Ref. 4), and appear to be dependent on dissolved oxygen, 
pH and temperature. Under aerobic conditions, solutions of white 
phosphorus are rapidly oxidized (or possibly hydrolyzed or volatilized; 
Ref. 15) and its concentration decreases monotonically with time (282 
to 1762 g/L yielded a half-life of 3 hours for the initial 24 
hour period). However, degradation rates are reduced at temperatures 
below 22  deg.C and in closed (non-aerated) test systems. Under such 
conditions, white phosphorus half-life increases from hours to weeks. 
When sediments were tested in a modified aqueous in vitro test system, 
degradation rates of white phosphorus were slower in sediment than in 
water (Ref. 5).
    White phosphorus in sediments at the estuarine wetlands of Eagle 
River Flats, Alaska is often found as particulates, ranging in diameter 
from 0.15 to 3.5 mm (corresponding to the size range of food items and 
gizzard material selected by many species of waterfowl), and at 
sediment depths of up to 30 cm (Ref. 10). White phosphorus particles 
appear to be quite persistent in the saturated saline sediments of 
Eagle River Flats, but volatilize as sediments dry below 20 percent 
moisture (Ref. 23). Factors that affect persistence of white phosphorus 
in sediments include sediment porosity, moisture content and 
temperature, all of which interact to determine the rate of 
sublimation. Oxygen may slow sublimation by the formation of oxidation 
products around the particles that impose a diffusion barrier to white 
phosphorus vapor. Using data on the dissolution rate of white 
phosphorus particles in water (Ref. 15), Walsh (Ref. 23) estimated the 
dissolution of a 1 mm diameter white phosphorus sphere to be 8 years. 
The extent of particulate white phosphorus contamination in the United 
States remains largely unknown.
    The rate of oxidation of white phosphorus particles in aerated-soil 
is highly variable depending on environmental conditions (Refs. 1, 12 
and 24). Using a model to estimate the fate of white phosphorus 
particles in soil, Spanggord et al. estimated that particles buried in 
soil could persist for several years, and if an ``oxidized coat'' were 
formed, particles could persist for thousands of years (Ref. 15).
    These data demonstrate the persistence of white phosphorus in 
sediments. Therefore, the ITC is not designating further chemical fate 
testing of white phosphorus at this time.
    (3) Health effects information. The ITC's 29th Report summarized 
available health effects data for white phosphorus. These data indicate 
that white phosphorus is highly toxic to humans and laboratory animals 
(56 FR 67424; December 30, 1991). As noted in the summary of this 34th 
Report, discussions are ongoing with ATSDR, DOD and EPA to coordinate 
their data needs with those of DOI. The ITC is not designating further 
health effects testing at this time because those discussions have not 
been completed.
    (4) Ecological effects information-- Acute and subchronic effects 
(short-term). The ITC's 29th Report summarized laboratory and field 
studies for white phosphorus. These studies indicated that white 
phosphorus is highly toxic to aquatic organisms (56 FR 67424, December 
30, 1991).
    Thirty-day bioassays are currently being conducted by the U.S. Army 
Environmental Hygiene Agency to measure the toxicity of white 
phosphorus contaminated sediments from Eagle River Flats to the 
crustacean, Hyallela azteca and the midge larve, Chironomus riparius 
(Ref. 10).
    The median lethal dose for adult male and juvenile mallard ducks 
gavaged with white phosphorus dissolved in corn oil vehicle was 6.5 mg/
kg (Ref. 10). Signs of toxicity include slow rhythmic lateral head 
shaking, and lethargy, followed by convulsions. Birds often succumb 
within 1 to 2 hours, but in other instances may linger for up to 55 
hours prior to death. Concentrations of white phosphorus in dosed 
mallards exceed 0.25 g/g in fat, skin and liver (Refs. 10 and 
11).
    The acute median lethal dose of white phosphorus in female mallards 
is being estimated by Sparling (Ref. 16). The females appear to be 
slightly more tolerant than male and juvenile birds (LD50>10 mg/kg) 
(Ref. 16). An estimation of the lowest observable effect level (LOEL) 
will be determined by Sparling (Ref. 16) using white phosphorus pellets 
without vehicle, because a corn oil vehicle may affect absorption and 
toxicity.
    Increasing evidence suggests the potential for widespread white 
phosphorus pollution in wetlands. While white phosphorus toxicity data 
have been or are being developed for aquatic and avian species that 
inhabit wetlands. There are no white phosphorus toxicity data for 
amphibians, reptiles, and wild mammals that frequent temperate zone 
wetland habitats. In addition, some mammals, including furbearers 
(e.g., mink), frequent wetlands and are known to be far more sensitive 
to certain environmental pollutants (e.g., PCBs) than laboratory 
rodents. For these reasons, DOI needs amphibian, reptile, and wild 
mammal acute toxicity test data for its white phosphorus risk 
assessment.
    Based on limited available data and DOI's data needs, the ITC is 
designating white phosphorus for amphibian, reptile, and wild mammal 
acute toxicity testing.
    Chronic (long-term) effects. The ITC's 29th Report described 
laboratory studies that demonstrated the chronic toxicity of white 
phosphorus to aquatic organisms (56 FR 67424, December 30, 1991).
    Based on these data and ongoing DOI studies, the ITC is not 
designating further chronic aquatic toxicity testing at this time.
    Metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Data for laboratory mammals were 
summarized in the ITC's 29th Report (56 FR 67424, December 30, 1991). 
Recent studies suggest that acute white phosphorus toxicity in warm-
blooded animals may be due to the nonenzymatic metabolism of white 
phosphorus to phosphine (Ref. 8).
    A recent publication described the uptake and loss of white 
phosphorus in American kestrels or sparrow hawks (Falco sparverius) 
(Ref. 9). This study indicated that although uptake of white phosphorus 
was rapid, bioaccumulation is limited in American kestrels because of 
chemical or enzymatic degradation.
    Uptake and depuration studies of white phosphorus administered to 
mallards below the LD50 will be studied by Sparling (Ref. 16). 
Pharmacokinetics will be studied by Sparling (Ref. 16) at various 
intervals for a 10-day period in breast muscle, gizzard, abdominal fat, 
skin, liver, pancreas and blood. Sparling (Ref. 16) will also study 
histopathological and biochemical biomarkers of exposure.
    Based on these data and ongoing DOI studies, the ITC is not 
designating further metabolism and pharmacokinetic testing at this 
time.
    Reproductive effects. In rats, 75 g/kg/day of white 
phosphorus reduced pregnancy rates (Ref. 6), increased death rates of 
females in late gestation (Ref. 7), increased parturition-related 
difficulties (Ref. 18), and increased the number of dead pups at birth 
(Ref. 19). The birth defects caused by white phosphorus, and the 
presence of white phosphorus in herring gull eggs collected in Eagle 
River Flats (Ref. 8), suggest the need for reproductive effects studies 
in birds. DOI is planning preliminary studies to investigate fertility 
rates of male and female mallards repeatedly gavaged (chronic exposure) 
with low doses of white phosphorus (Ref. 16).
    Based on the studies conducted by Monsanto and planned DOI studies, 
the ITC is not designating further reproductive effects testing at this 
time.
    Other ecological effects. Predation of ducks poisoned by white 
phosphorus was systematically monitored at Eagle River Flats in the 
spring and fall of 1991 (Ref. 13). Twenty-four instances of predation 
of sick or dead dabbling ducks by bald eagles (Haliaetus 
leucocephalus), herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and common ravens 
(Corvus corax) were observed. Other predators, including northern 
harrier (Circus cyaneus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) have been observed 
to hunt over the Flats. Many decaying bald eagle carcasses have been 
found at or near Eagle River Flats, and the single carcass tested was 
positive for white phosphorus in fatty tissues (Refs. 10 and 13). Based 
on these observations, and the risk assessment of Roebuck et al. (Ref. 
13), there is considerable potential for secondary poisoning of 
predators, including endangered species.
    DOI will investigate secondary poisoning of predators (raptors and 
other scavengers) using captive American kestrels fed northern bobwhite 
quail chicks (Colinus virginianus) that had been gavaged with 1 mg/kg 
pelletized white phosphorus for a 10-day period (Ref. 16). Mortality, 
biochemical and histopathological biomarkers of toxicity, and white 
phosphorus burdens in kestrels will be studied (Ref. 16).
    Based on data published by Racine (Ref. 10) and Roebuck (Ref. 13) 
and planned DOI studies, the ITC is not designating other ecological 
effects testing at this time.
    Bioconcentration and food chain transport. The 29th ITC Report 
noted that bioconcentration of white phosphorus was studied in three 
species of fish, six species of invertebrates and in two species of 
seaweed (56 FR 67424; December 30, 1991). Fish and invertebrates have 
been collected at Eagle River Flats by Racine for determination of 
white phosphorus uptake (Ref. 10).
    A recent study suggested that large predators such as bald eagles, 
that have the ability to ingest whole gizzards of prey birds, could 
bioaccumulate white phosphorus because the amount ingested could exceed 
the degradation capacity (Ref. 9).
    Few data are available on bioconcentration and food chain transport 
of white phosphorus by plants. This data need concerns DOI because 
white phosphorus has been detected in or on the roots of salt marsh 
plants at Eagle River Flats (Ref. 10), and because many herbivorous 
wildlife species could be exposed to, and be adversely affected by, 
white phosphorus as a result of uptake and bioconcentration by plants.
    Based on DOI's data needs, the ITC is designating white phosphorus 
for aquatic plant toxicity and terrestrial plant uptake and 
translocation testing.
    2. Recommended chemicals -- Ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl 
methyl ether-- a. Background. The ITC designated methyl tert-butyl 
ether (MTBE) for health effects testing in its 20th Report because of 
concerns for widespread human exposure to low level fugitive emissions 
of MTBE at gasoline pumps and the need for chronic health effects data 
(52 FR 19020; May 20, 1987). In response to the ITC's designation, EPA 
and MTBE manufacturers negotiated a TSCA section 4 enforceable consent 
agreement to develop pharmacokinetics, genotoxicity, subchronic 
toxicity, reproductive effects, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, 
and oncogenicity data (53 FR 10391, March 31, 1988). EPA is evaluating 
the data from the completed MTBE testing program.
    EPA needs health effects data for two other fuel oxygenates, ethyl 
tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and is 
soliciting interest in developing testing agreements for these 
chemicals (59 FR 18399, April 18, 1994).
    b. Recommended testing. Ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl 
ether are being recommended for health effects testing because EPA 
needs these data for ongoing assessments.
    c. Rationale for recommendation. The use of ETBE and TAME to 
augment or substitute for MTBE as fuel oxygenates and the health 
effects data needs of ETBE and TAME are of concern to EPA and the ITC. 
Therefore, the ITC is recommending testing to obtain TSCA section 8(d) 
health and safety data on ETBE and TAME to support EPA's ongoing 
assessments of the potential hazards/risks posed by these two chemical 
substances. The ITC will share the data with EPA and other interested 
U.S. Government organizations represented on the ITC and will review 
these data to determine whether ETBE and TAME should be designated for 
testing or removed from the Priority Testing List. The ITC is also 
requesting data on acute toxicity of gasoline mixtures containing ETBE 
and/or TAME. The ITC's process of recommending ETBE and TAME and then 
making decisions following data review is consistent with the process 
used for MTBE. MTBE was recommended in ITC's 19th Report (51 FR 41417, 
November 14, 1986) and designated in ITC's 20th Report, following ITC's 
review of voluntarily submitted and TSCA section 8(d) data.
    d. Supporting information. EPA's recent Federal Register notice 
provides supporting information (59 FR 18399, April 18, 1994).

    The requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA), 42 U.S.C. 7401-
7671q, along with reports of adverse human health effects associated 
with the use of MTBE in winter-blend gasoline, have contributed to 
the need for health effects testing of ETBE and TAME.
    MTBE, ETBE, and TAME are fuel oxygenates which may be used to 
satisfy the following requirements under the CAA. Under section 
211(m) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. 7545, States which have certain 
attainment areas for carbon monoxide (CO) must require that any 
gasoline sold or dispensed to ultimate customers in a specified 
portion of the nonattainment area be blended, during wintertime, to 
contain not less than 2.7 percent oxygen by weight (or applicable 
percentage to meet the national primary air quality standard for CO 
by the established attainment date). Under section 211(k), 
reformulated gasoline must be used in nonattainment areas in nine 
major metropolitan areas that are designated as ozone nonattainment 
areas as well as various nonattainment ``opt-in'' areas by 1995 and 
the oxygen content of this gasoline must be equal to or exceed 2 
percent by weight. See Final Rule, Regulation of Fuels and Fuel 
Additives: Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, 
February 16, 1994 (59 FR 7716). In addition, a proposed regulation 
[by EPA's Office of Air and Radiation] would require that at least 
30 percent of the oxygen content of reformulated gasoline come from 
renewable oxygenates, which would include ETBE. See OAR/EPA Notice 
of Proposed Rulemaking, regulation of Fuels and Additives: Renewable 
Oxygenate Requirement for Reformulated Gasoline, December 27, 1993 
(58 FR 68343).
    Recently, there have been reports from the State of Alaska and 
several areas in the lower 48 states of adverse human health effects 
[(e.g., headache, nausea, general malaise)] associated with the use 
of MTBE in winter-blend gasoline. (See Assessment of Potential 
Health Risks of Gasoline Oxygenated with MTBE, Office of Research 
and Development, U.S. EPA, November 1993.)
    EPA believes that additional health effects test data on fuel 
oxygenates are needed to allow government agencies and industry to 
compare the health risks associated with the use of these substances 
to augment or substitute for MTBE as a fuel oxygenate....


    (1) Exposure information--production/use/disposal/exposure/release. 
Estimates published in 1991 indicate that by 1995, annual production 
volumes of ETBE and TAME are expected to exceed 26 million pounds 
(Refs. 29 and 30) and 6 billion pounds (Ref. 35), respectively. 
Estimates published in 1994 indicate that by 1995, about 335,000 
barrels per day (32 billion pounds per year) of oxygenates will be 
needed to meet oxygenated-and reformulated-fuel mandates (Ref. 28). 
Consumer, occupational or environmental exposures to ETBE or TAME could 
be substantial based on their use as fuel oxygenates.
    (2) Physical and chemical information. ETBE has a molecular weight 
of 102.18, a melting point of -97  deg.C (Ref. 26), a boiling point of 
72 to 73  deg.C (Ref. 26), a log octanol/water partition coefficient of 
1.58 (Ref. 31), a water solubility of 12,000 mg/L at 20  deg.C (Ref. 
32), a vapor pressure of 130 mm Hg at 25  deg.C (Ref. 32), and a 
Henry's Law constant of 1.45  x  10-3 atm-m3/mole at 25 
deg.C (Ref. 34).
    TAME has a molecular weight of 102.18, a boiling point of 85 to 86 
deg.C (Ref. 25), a log octanol/water partition coefficient of 1.58 
(Ref. 31), a water solubility of 11,500 mg/L at 20  deg.C (Ref. 32), a 
vapor pressure of 75 mm Hg at 25  deg.C (Ref. 32), and a Henry's Law 
Constant of 9.15  x  10-1 atm-m3/mole at 25  deg.C (Ref. 10).
    (3) Chemical fate information. The estimated atmospheric half-life 
of ETBE is 1.9 /days based on a hydroxyl radical concentration of 5  x  
105 OH/cm3 and a rate constant of 8.5  x  10-12 atm-
m3/molecule-sec developed by Japar et al. (Ref. 29). The estimated 
atmospheric half-life of TAME is 2.3 days based on a hydroxyl radical 
concentration of 5  x  105 OH/cm3 and a rate constant of 7.91 
 x  10-12 atm-m3/molecule-sec estimated by Atkinson (Ref. 
27).
    The ITC is not recommending chemical fate testing, because it is 
not a high priority data need at this time.
    (4) Health effects information. The ITC is recommending health 
effects testing to meet EPA's data needs.
    (5) Ecological effects information. The ITC is not recommending 
ecological effects testing, because it is not a high priority data need 
at this time.
    3. Removal of chemicals from the Priority Testing List-- a.Methyl 
methacrylate and diethyl phthalate. In its 32nd Report, the ITC 
designated methyl methacrylate (CAS No. 80-62-6) and diethyl phthalate 
(CAS No. 84-66-2) for dermal absorption testing to meet the data needs 
of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (58 FR 
38490, July 16, 1993). These chemicals were added to the Priority 
Testing List as members of a 34-chemical group that had inadequate 
dermal absorption rate data. OSHA nominated these chemicals to the ITC 
to obtain data for OSHA to determine whether skin notations should be 
assigned to these chemicals.
    The ITC obtained dermal absorption rate data for methyl 
methacrylate (Ref. 37) and diethyl phthalate (Ref. 36) that are likely 
to meet OSHA's data needs. As a result, the ITC is removing methyl 
methacrylate and diethyl phthalate from the Priority Testing List and 
making the data publicly available by including the references in the 
EPA docket for this 34th Report and transmitting the data to OSHA and 
other interested U.S. Government organizations. As a result of finding 
that these data are likely to meet OSHA's data needs, the ITC requested 
EPA to remove these chemicals from its TSCA section 8(a) and/or section 
8(d) rules before the May 10, 1994 reporting deadline. EPA removed 
methyl methacrylate and diethyl phthalate from these TSCA section 8 
rules on May 2, 1994 (59 FR 22519, May 2, 1994).
    b. N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine. In its 27th Report, the ITC 
recommended N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (CAS No. 90-30-2) for 
carcinogenicity testing to meet the data needs of OSHA and for chemical 
fate and ecological effects testing, because of ITC concerns for 
environmental persistence and aquatic toxicity (56 FR 9534, March 6, 
1991).
    OSHA was concerned about potential occupational exposures to N-
phenyl-1-naphthylamine in hydraulic fluids and other mixtures, and the 
potential carcinogenicity of this N-substituted aromatic amine. As 
noted in ITC's 27th Report, OSHA's exposure concerns were based on 
1981-1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey estimates that 96,478 
workers were potentially exposed to N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine almost 
exclusively through trade name products. After reviewing the TSCA 
section 8(a) production and exposure data, ITC Members met with the 
U.S. manufacturer of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. At the meeting and 
during subsequent discussions, the ITC Members were provided with 
estimates that 800 to 900 workers were exposed to technical grade N-
phenyl-1-naphthylamine during manufacturing and processing, and 
specifications showing that concentrations of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine 
in formulated lubricants were generally less than four percent (Ref. 
39).
    ITC Members also reviewed the TSCA section 8(d) health and safety 
studies and other toxicity data on N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine that were 
obtained after the 27th Report was published. Most of these studies 
were conducted on formulated products that did not specify the amount 
of technical grade N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine in the product. The aquatic 
toxicity studies indicated that formulated products containing N-
phenyl-1-naphthylamine were several orders of magnitude less toxic than 
pure N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, which, as reported in ITC's 27th Report, 
was highly toxic to aquatic organisms and teratogenic to frogs (56 FR 
9534, March 6, 1991). The biodegradation studies on formulated products 
containing N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine confirmed its potential 
environmental persistence. The health effects studies on formulated 
products containing N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine did not suggest concerns 
for carcinogenicity. The results from testing a structurally-related 
chemical, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (CAS No. 135-88-6) by the National 
Toxicology Program (NTP) showed it to be noncarcinogenic in rats and 
mice (Ref. 40). Based on the available health effects data and 
structure-activity considerations, there is no reason to believe that 
N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine would have a greater carcinogenic potential 
than N- phenyl-2-naphthylamine.
    The ITC is removing N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine from the Priority 
Testing List because the available data did not increase concern for 
carcinogenicity, and the changing priorities of the ITC do not warrant 
designating the chemical for testing at this time. This decision is 
consistent with the April 1993 decision by the German Advisory 
Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA) to not 
conduct priority carcinogenicity investigations of N-phenyl-1-
naphthylamine (Ref. 38).
    The ITC has completed its review of TSCA section 8(d) information 
for N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, and requests that EPA remove it from the 
TSCA section 8(d) rule.
    c. Acetophenone, phenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, ethyl acetate and 
2,6-dimethylphenol. In its 27th Report, the ITC designated 
acetophenone, phenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, ethyl acetate and 2,6-
dimethylphenol to meet EPA's data needs (56 FR 9534, March 6, 1991). 
The ITC is removing these chemicals from the Priority Testing List 
because EPA proposed a test rule on November 22, 1993 to implement the 
testing (58 FR 61654, November 22, 1993).

References

    (1) Bohn, H.I., Johnson, G.V. and Cliff, J.H. ``Detoxification 
of white phosphorus in soil.'' Journal of Agricultural and Food 
Chemistry. 18:1172-1173 (1970).
    (2) CMR (Chemical Marketing Reporter). Chemical Profile: 
Phosphorus. February 18, 1991.
    (3) Daniels, J. D. Letter from James D. Daniels, Project 
Engineer, U.S. Army Environmental Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, 
MD to Barnett A. Rattner, Deputy Chief, Branch of Environmental 
Contaminants Research, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National 
Biological Survey, Department of the Interior. Preliminary report of 
results from the survey of range impact areas of 23 installations. 
Dated February 28, 1994.
    (4) Lai, M.G. ``Characterization of white phosphorus in water. 
II. Degradation of white phosphorus in aqueous system.'' Naval 
Surface Weapons Center, Silver Spring, MD. NSWC TR 79-5 (1979).
    (5) Lai, M.G. ``Characterization of white phosphorus in water. 
II. Behavior of white phosphorus in the water-sediment interface.'' 
Naval Surface Weapons Center, Silver Spring, MD. NSWC TR 81-87 
(1981).
    (6) Monsanto Company. ``Letter from Monsanto Company to the U.S. 
EPA submitting information on elemental phosphorus with 
attachments.'' TSCA 8e submission 88-890000065, microfiche number 
OTS-051825, Washington, DC: OPPT, U.S. EPA (1989).
    (7) Monsanto Company. ``A one-generation reproduction study in 
rats with elemental phosphorus conducted by gavage in rats 
(pathology report) with cover letter dated 020591.'' TSCA 8e 
submission 87-910000168, microfiche number OTS-0518525-3, 
Washington, DC: OPPT, U.S. EPA (1991).
    (8) Nam, S.I., Roebuck, B.D., Walsh, M.E. and Racine, C. 
``Biotransfer and accumulation of white phosphorus.'' Thirteenth 
Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and 
Chemistry. Abstract 256 (1992).
    (9) Nam, S.I., Roebuck, B.D. and Walsh, M.E. ``Uptake and loss 
of white phosphorus in American kestrels.'' Environmental Toxicology 
and Chemistry. 13:637-641 (1994).
    (10) Racine, C.H. ``Eagle River Flats Progress Report.'' 
Department of the Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering 
Laboratory, Corps of Engineers, Hanover, New Hampshire. 18 pp., 
November 12, 1993.
    (11) Racine, C.H., Walsh, M.E., Roebuck, B.D., Collins, C.M., 
Calkins, D., Reitsma, L., Buchli, P., and Goldfarb, G. ``White 
phosphorus poisoning of waterfowl in an Alaskan salt marsh.'' 
Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 28:669-673 (1992).
    (12) Rodrigues, A., Bohn, H.L. and Johnson, G.V. ``White 
phosphorus as a phosphatic fertilizer.'' Soil Science Proceedings. 
36:364-366 (1972).
    (13) Roebuck, B.D., Walsh, M.E., Racine, C.H., Reitsma, L., 
Steele, B., and Nam, S. ``Predation of ducks poisoned by white 
phosphorus: Exposure and risk to predators.'' Environmental 
Toxicology and Chemistry. In Press.
    (14) Simmers, J.W., Price, R.A., and Bird, S.T. ``Assessment of 
white phosphorus contamination of artillery impact areas.'' 
Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology 
and Chemistry. Abstract P509 (1993).
    (15) Spanggord, R.J., Rewick, R., Chou, T.-W., Wilson, R. 
Podoll, R.T., Mill, T. Parnas, T., Platz, R. and Roberts, D.L. 
``Environmental fate of white phosphorus/felt and red phosphorus/
butyl rubber military screening smokes: Final report.'' SRI 
International, Menlo Park, CA. ADA176922 (1985).
    (16) Sparling, D.W. ``Occurrence of white phosphorus in food 
chains within Eagle River Flats and its toxicity to waterfowl.'' 
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey, 
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD. Study Plan and 
Modification 30030.23 (1994).
    (17) TRI (Toxics Release Inventory). Database retrieval 3/21/94. 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1994).
    (18) U.S. EPA. ``U.S. EPA Status Report: elemental phosphorus 
with cover letter dated 112989.'' TSCA FYI submission FYI-OTS-0785-
0423, microfiche number OTS-0000423-1, Washington, DC: OPPT, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (1989a).
    (19) U.S. EPA. ``U.S. EPA Status Report: elemental phosphorus 
with cover letter dated 112989.'' TSCA 8e submission 8EHQ-0889-0820, 
microfiche number OTS-0518525-1, Washington, DC: OPPT, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (1989b).
    (20) U.S. EPA. ``White Phosphorus Health Advisory.'' U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Drinking Water. NTIS PB 
91-161025 (1990).
    (21) U.S. EPA. ``Seminar on technologies for remediating sites 
contaminated with explosive and radioactive wastes.'' U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development 
and Department of Defense. EPA/625/K-93/001 (1993).
    (22) U.S. EPA. ``Handbook: approaches for the remediation of 
Federal facility sites contaminated with explosive or radioactive 
wastes.'' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research 
and Development. EPA/625/R-93/013 (1993).
    (23) Walsh, M.E. ``White phosphorus: An environmental 
contaminant.'' Master of Science Thesis. Thayer School of 
Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. 119 pp. 
(1993).
    (24) Warnock, R.E. ``Escape of elemental phosphorus from soil 
applied as white phosphorus or the phosphorus-sulfur eutectic 
solution.'' Journal of Environmental Quality 1:311-314 (1972).
    (25) Aldrich. Catalog of Fine Chemicals 1990-1991 Milwaukee, WI: 
Aldrich Chem CO. p. 98 (1990).
    (26) Aldrich. Catalog of Fine Chemicals 1990-1991 Milwaukee, WI: 
Aldrich Chem CO. p. 239 (1990).
    (27) Atkinson, R. ``Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Gas-Phase 
Reactions of the Hydroxyl Radical with Organic Compounds.'' Journal 
of Physical Chemical Reference Data. D.R. Lide, Jr., Ed. American 
Chemical Society. p. 142 (1989).
    (28) Chemical Engineering. ``The drive for cleaner-burning 
fuel.'' Chemical Engineering. p. 61, January 1994.
    (29) Chemicalweek. ``ETBE gains presence in reformulated fuel.'' 
Chemicalweek. p. 9, July 31, 1991.
    (30) Chemicalweek. ``Clean air drives the MTBE race.'' 
Chemicalweek. p. 22, July 31, 1991.
    (31) CLOGP. CLOGP-PCGEMS-Graphic Exposure Modeling System. 
CLOGP, U.S.EPA (1986).
    (32) Evans, T.W. Edlund, K.R. ``Tertiary Alkyl Ethers 
Preparation and Properties.'' 1ndustrial and Engineering Chemistry. 
28:1186 (1936).
    (33) Japar, S.M., Wallington, T.J., Rudy, S.J., Chang, T.Y. 
``Ozone-Forming Potential of a Series of Oxygenated Organic 
Compounds. Environmental Science Technology. 25:415-420 (1991).
    (34) Lyman, W.J., Reehl, W.F., and Rosenblatt, D.H. Handbook of 
Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Environmental Behavior of 
Organic Compounds. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. pp. 4-
9, 5-4, 5-10, 7-4, 7-5, 15-15 to 15-32 (1990).
    (35) NFR. ``Over half-million B/D of oxygenate may be needed to 
supply demand due to CAA.'' New Fuels Report. p. 12, February 25, 
1991.
    (36) Scott, R.C., Dugard, P.H., Ramsey, J.D. and Rhodes, C. ``1n 
vitro absorption of some o-phthalate diesters through human and rat 
skin.'' Environmental Health Perspectives. 74:223-227 (1987).
    (37) Zeneca. ``Methyl methacrylate: 1n vitro absorption through 
human epidermis.'' Zeneca Central Toxicology Laboratory Report No. 
CTL/P/4025 provided by the Methacrylate Producers Association, 
Washington, D.C. (1993).
    (38) BUA. ``N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, BUA-Stoffbericht 113, 
Stand: April 1993 (In German).'' BUA, Stuttgart (1993).
    (39) Carlton, B.D. September 7, 1993 letter from Dr. Betsy D. 
Carlton, Rhone-Poulenc to Dr. John D. Walker, TSCA Interagency 
Testing Committee. Rhone-Poulenc, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 
(1993).
    (40) NTP (National Toxicology Program). ``Toxicology and 
carcinogenesis studies of N- phenyl-2-napthylamine (CAS No. 135-88-
6) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies).'' NTP TR 333. 
Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human 
Services, National Institutes of Health (January 1988).

IV. The TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List, as Revised (May 
1994) 

         The TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List (May 1994)         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Report          Date             Chemical/Group            Action       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        
23....  November 1988.......  Butyraldehyde.......  Recommended         
23....  November 1988.......  Tetrakis(2-           Recommended with    
                               chloroethyl)ethylen   intent-to-designate
                               e diphosphate.                           
                              Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-                      
                               propyl) phosphate.                       
                              Tris(1-chloro-2-                          
                               propyl) phosphate.                       
                              Tris(2-chloro-1-                          
                               propyl) phosphate.                       
                              Tris(2-chloroethyl)-                      
                               phosphate.                               
26....  May 1990............  Isocyanates.........  Recommended with    
                                                     intent-to-designate
27....  November 1990.......  Aldehydes...........  Recommended with    
                                                     intent-to-designate
27....  November 1990.......  Sulfones............  Recommended         
27....  November 1990.......  Substantially         Recommended         
                               produced chemicals                       
                               in need of                               
                               subchronic toxicity                      
                               testing.                                 
28....  May 1991............  Acetone.............  Designated          
28....  May 1991............  Thiophenol..........  Designated          
28....  May 1991............  m-Dinitrobenzene....  Recommended         
28....  May 1991............  Cyanoacrylates......  Recommended         
29....  November 1991.......  Alkyl-, bromo-,       Recommended         
                               chloro-,                                 
                               hydroxymethyl                            
                               diaryl ethers.                           
30....  May 1992............  Siloxanes...........  Recommended         
30....  May 1992............  Chloroalkyl           Recommended         
                               phosphates.                              
31....  January 1993........  OSHA chemicals with   Designated          
                               no dermal toxicity                       
                               data.                                    
31....  January 1993........  Propylene glycol      Recommended         
                               ethers and esters                        
                               (revised).                               
31....  January 1993........  Methyl ethylene       Recommended         
                               glycol ethers and                        
                               esters (revised).                        
32....  May 1993............  OSHA chemicals with   Designated          
                               insufficient dermal                      
                               absorption data.                         
34....  May 1994............  White phosphorus....  Designated          
34....  May 1994............  Ethyl tert-butyl      Recommended         
                               ether.                                   
34....  May 1994............  Tert-amyl methyl      Recommended         
                               ether.                                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------



    The following table list the members of the TSCA Interagency 
Testing Committee.
    Statutory Organizations and Their Representatives

    Council on Environmental Quality
        Elisabeth Blaug, Member

     Department of Commerce
        Edward White, Member
        Willie E. May, Alternate

     Environmental Protection Agency
        David R. Williams, Member
        Lois Dicker, Alternate

    National Cancer Institute
        Thomas P. Cameron, Member
        Richard Adamson, Alternate

    National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
        Errol Zeiger, Member

    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
        Robert W. Mason, Member
        Henryka Nagy, Alternate

    National Science Foundation
        Linda Duguay, Member

    Occupational Safety and Health Administration
        Christine Whittaker, Member, Chair

    Liaison Organizations and Their Representatives
    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
        William Cibulas, Member

    Consumer Product Safety Commission
        Val Schaeffer, Member
        Lakshmi C. Mishra, Alternate

    Department of Agriculture
        Donald Derr, Member
        Clifford Rice, Alternate

    Department of Defense
        David A. Macys, Member
        James N. McDougal, Alternate

    Department of the Interior
        Barnett A. Rattner, Member

    Food and Drug Administration
        Edwin J. Matthews, Member
        Raju Kammula, Alternate

    National Library of Medicine
        Vera Hudson, Member

    National Toxicology Program
        Victor A. Fung, Member

    Counsel
        Mary Ellen Levine, Office of General Counsel, EPA

    Technical Support Contractor
        Syracuse Research Corporation

    Committee Staff
        John D. Walker, Executive Director
        Norma S.L. Williams, Executive Assistant, TSCA Interagency 
Testing Committee U.S. EPA/OPPT (MC/7401) 401 M St., SW., 
Washington, DC 20460, (202) 260-1825, Fax (202) 260-1764

[FR Doc. 94-16983 Filed 7-12-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-F