[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 94 (Tuesday, May 17, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-11492]


[[Page Unknown]]

[Federal Register: May 17, 1994]


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Part II





Department of Agriculture





_______________________________________________________________________



Agricultural Marketing Service



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7 CFR Part 201




Amendments to Regulations Under the Federal Seed Act; Proposed Rule
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR Part 201

[No. LS-91-010 PR]
RIN 0581-AA52

 
Amendments to Regulations Under the Federal Seed Act

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is proposing to 
revise the Federal Seed Act by changing the common and botanical names 
of several agricultural and vegetable seeds; adding several kinds to 
the list of agricultural and vegetables seeds subject to the Federal 
Seed Act; changing germination evaluation descriptions; changing the 
method of fluorescence use in determining pure seed percentages in 
ryegrasses; adding methods for testing coated seed; adding methods for 
determining the presence of fungal endophyte in seeds; and updating the 
standards for certified seed. These changes would result in the 
adoption of scientific names currently recognized by the scientific 
community and would provide for the use of common names most widely 
acceptable in seed trade. They would also eliminate potential conflicts 
between State and Federal regulations which could inhibit the 
interstate movement of seeds.

DATES: Public Hearing June 8, 1994, 10 a.m.; comments must be received 
on or before July 8, 1994.

ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments 
concerning this proposed rule. Comments must be sent to James P. 
Triplitt, Chief, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Livestock and Seed 
Division, AMS, USDA, Building 506, BARC-E, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. 
Comments will be available for public inspection during regular 
business hours in Building 506, BARC-E, Beltsville, Maryland. The 
public hearing will be held on June 8, 1994, at 10 a.m. in room 3501, 
South Building, United States Department of Agriculture, 14th and 
Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James P. Triplitt, Chief, Seed 
Regulatory and Testing Branch, 301-504-9430.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This rule has been determined to be not-
significant for purposes of Executive Order 12866 and therefore has not 
been reviewed by OMB.
    The proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12778, 
Civil Justice Reform. It is not intended to have a retroactive effect. 
The rule would not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or 
policies unless they present an irreconcilable conflict with this rule. 
There are no administrative procedures which must be exhausted prior to 
judicial challenge to the provision of this rule. The Administrator, 
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), has certified that this action 
would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small 
entities as defined in the Regulatory Flexibility Act. Many small 
entities sell seed. However, small entities selling seed must test and 
label the seed to comply with the requirements of state laws. Generally 
the testing requirements of the state laws are similar to those of the 
Federal Seed Act (FSA). These changes would further reconcile State and 
Federal testing procedures. Using similar testing procedures would 
reduce the burden on small entities shipping seed in interstate 
commerce because the test used for intrastate commerce could also be 
used in interstate commerce. Some additional burden might occur 
concerning small entities shipping kinds which are added to those 
subject to the FSA. However, many small entities are likely to benefit 
because more small entities are purchasers of those kinds than sellers. 
The small entity purchasers would benefit from the regulations in that 
the interstate shipper would be required to test and label the kinds 
before shipping them to the purchaser. There would be no effect on the 
competitive position of small entities in relation to larger entities 
since both would have to comply with the same regulations.
    This document does not contain new collection of information 
requirements. Sections which would be amended by the rule contain 
collection of information requirements that were previously submitted 
for review to the Director of Management and Budget (OMB) and assigned 
OMB control number 0581-0026 under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 
(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).

Background

Seed Testing and Labeling

    This document would update the FSA regulations pertaining to seed 
testing to eliminate differences between the FSA regulations and the 
Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Testing Seed. 
The Association is made up of State and Federal seed testing agencies. 
Its function is to develop and standardize methods to be used in 
testing seeds. These rules are widely recognized and are used by most 
state and commercial seed laboratories to test seed in the United 
States. In addition, common and scientific names are updated.
    Agricultural and vegetable seeds shipped in interstate commerce 
must comply with the FSA and the regulations issued thereunder. The FSA 
requires seed to be labeled with certain information concerning its 
quality when moving across state lines. Once in a state, seed must 
comply with state laws and regulations. Labeling requirements in State 
and Federal laws are generally very similar so as not to inhibit the 
free movement of seed. Tests used prior to shipment to determine the 
required labeling information, as well as tests used by state seed 
regulatory agencies to check compliance, are generally performed using 
AOSA rules. Tests to assure that seed is in compliance with the FSA are 
performed using methods specified in the FSA regulations. Although the 
testing methods under the FSA regulations and those of AOSA are 
generally very similar, some changes have been made in the AOSA Rules 
For Testing Seed without corresponding changes in the FSA regulations. 
The changes to the AOSA rules were based on scientific research and 
were made with input from AMS. This document would amend the FSA seed 
testing regulations so that they are essentially the same as those 
contained in the AOSA rules. This would eliminate the need to perform 
separate tests to assure that seed labeling complies with both Federal 
and State laws. It would also facilitate seed trade and reduce cost to 
the seed industry and to seed buyers. These changes reflect 
improvements in seed testing technology and the current standards of 
usage within the industry. The specific changes to the testing rules 
are discussed under ``Other Proposed Amendments.''

Additional Kinds

    There are presently about a dozen kinds (mostly grasses) which are 
being shipped interstate that are not subject to the FSA. Cooperating 
state seed regulatory agencies have requested that the list of kinds 
subject to the FSA be kept current so that interstate shipments of 
those kinds can be regulated. Occasionally complaints are received on 
these kinds. For that reason the proposal would add these kinds to the 
regulations under the FSA and thereby make them subject to Federal law. 
Bluejoint, galletagrass, bottlebrush-squirreltail, green needlegrass, 
kenaf, forage kochia, mountain rye, intermediate ryegrass, northern 
sweetvetch, and basin wildrye would be added to the list of 
agricultural seeds subject to the FSA. Dill, sage, and summer savory 
would be added to the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA. 
Standardized test methods have been developed for the kinds to be added 
and they are currently covered by AOSA rules and are being regulated by 
the states. Therefore, this addition would result in little cost to the 
seed industry. Currently they can be shipped in interstate commerce 
without having to be labeled by the interstate shipper. If shipped 
without the required labeling, the responsibility for testing and 
labeling falls on the person receiving the seed rather than the 
interstate shipper.

Scientific Names

    Changes to Sec. 201.2 would update scientific names for the 
agricultural seeds colonial bentgrass, sand bluestem, soft chess, 
emmer, hard fescue, kudzu, Korean lespedeza, striate lespedeza, 
Japanese millet, pearl millet, rescuegrass, sorghum-sudangrass, 
sudangrass, turf timothy, velvetbean, beardless wheatgrass, 
intermediate wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, Siberian wheatgrass, 
slender wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, western 
wheatgrass, and Russian wildrye. The scientific names for the vegetable 
seeds tronchuda cabbage, leek, and rhubarb would also be updated. The 
document would change the scientific names to those currently 
recognized by the scientific community and to be in agreement with the 
names used by the USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network.
    At the request of growers, researchers, and breeders the document 
would change the kind name ``muskmelon'' to ``melon,'' because 
``melon'' is the more widely recognized name.

Seed Certification Standards

    The rule would also update the FSA regulations pertaining to seed 
certification to eliminate differences with the standards of the 
Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA). This 
Association is made up primarily of State seed certifying agencies. The 
function of AOSCA is to establish minimum standards for genetic purity 
and to standardize seed certification regulations and procedures. State 
seed certifying agencies recognize and follow minimum standards for 
genetic purity established by AOSCA.
    Seed represented as a class of certified seed as defined in the FSA 
regulations, must meet the minimum genetic certification standards for 
certified classes as provided by the regulations. State seed certifying 
agencies which certify seed pursuant to the standards contained in the 
FSA regulations, are members of AOSCA and must also maintain minimum 
AOSCA standards for certifying seed. This document would change the FSA 
regulations pertaining to genetic certification standards in order to 
bring them in conformity with the AOSCA Standards. The changes to the 
standards have been reviewed and found to be consistent with the 
requirements under the FSA.

Corrections and Clarifications

    There are a number of technical nonsubstantive corrections and 
clarifications which would also be made. Some of the more important 
ones would change ``Consumer and Marketing Service'' to ``Agricultural 
Marketing Service'' and omit the word ``hybrid'' from the name 
``sorghum-sudangrass''. In Sec. 201.36b the word ``pole'' would be 
enclosed in parentheses. In Sec. 201.36c the word ``garden'' would be 
added to bean to show the correct kind name. Section 201.34(d) would be 
changed to add a footnote to reflect the effective date which was 
previously omitted. Paragraph (e) of this section would be removed to 
delete partial lists of variety names.

Other Proposed Amendments.

    Changes to Sec. 201.2 would redefine the Act to include 7 U.S.C 
1551-1611, update scientific names, and add additional kinds as 
discussed above. Changes would also add a definition of coated seed and 
change the definition of certified seed to show the proper reference, 
Sec. 201.70, rather than Sec. 201.79 which does not exist. Section 
201.22(c) would be changed to update scientific names to be consistent 
with changes in Sec. 201.2(h). Section 201.31 would be changed to 
establish germination standards for dill, sage, and summer savory which 
were added to the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA in 
Sec. 201.2(i), and to reflect the change of the name ``muskmelon'' to 
``melon''.
    Section 201.36c would be changed to separate and alphabetize 
agricultural seeds and vegetable seeds in the table, and to change 
``bean'' in the vegetable list to ``garden bean,'' the name recognized 
in Sec. 201.2(i). Section 201.43 would be changed to add metric 
equivalents weights and to specify the minimum number of coated seeds 
to be taken during sampling.
    Section 201.46(b) would be changed to substitute the word 
``comprise'' for the incorrect word ``compromise''. Table 1 would be 
changed to reflect the changes proposed in Sec. 201.2. Scientific names 
would be changed to correspond with Sec. 201.2 and working weights 
added for those kinds added in that section. In addition, several 
spelling errors would be corrected.
    The document would change several sections to add provisions for 
testing coated seed. Specific procedures have been developed to provide 
for uniform methods to test seed coated with products such as those 
designed to improve planting characteristics or to improve seedling 
growth. Section 201.2 would add a definition of coated seed. Section 
201.45 would add comments pertaining to dividing coated seed. Section 
201.47 would cite added instructions for purity analysis of coated 
seed. Section 201.51b would establish purity testing procedures for 
coated seed. Section 201.52 would be changed to add a new paragraph (b) 
to establish the amount of seed to be examined for a noxious-weed seed 
test on coated seed. The existing Sec. 201.52 would become paragraph 
(a).
    Section 201.47a would also be changed to clarify that the ``entire 
spikelet'' for rice, browntop millet, and Paspalum spp. is considered 
to be a seed unit; to define a seed unit for galletagrass (a new kind 
which was added in Sec. 201.2); to include side-oats grama and blue 
grama, as kinds for which the Uniform Blowing Procedure is used to 
determine the percentages of pure seed and inert matter; and to clarify 
that ``seed balls'' of other Chenopodiaceae (fourwing saltbush and 
forage kochia) are to be considered a seed unit.
    Section 201.48 would be changed to update seed unit interpretations 
to be consistent with Sec. 201.51, to make scientific names to be 
consistent with Sec. 201.2, and to add procedures to determine pure 
seed of forage kochia which was added to the kinds subject to the FSA.
    Sections 201.48, 201.49, and 201.51a would be changed, in part, to 
add tall wheatgrass and western wheatgrass to the list of kinds to be 
tested using the Multiple Unit Procedure. These kinds contain multiple 
florets. The Multiple Unit Procedure provides faster, more consistent 
test results without a loss of accuracy when compared to the current, 
more tedious, hand method.
    Several sections, including some of the changes to Sec. 201.47, 
Sec. 201.48, Sec. 201.49, and Sec. 201.51a would add blue grama and 
side-oats grama to the kinds for which the purity percentages are 
determined by using the Uniform Blowing Procedure. The Uniform Blowing 
Procedure provides a method, for determining purity percentages for 
these kinds, which has proven to be faster, more consistent, and just 
as accurate as the hand method.
    Section 201.50 would be changed to clarify that wild onion and wild 
garlic bulblets devoid of husks are to be classified as weed seeds if 
not damaged at the basal end and are a specified size. Research has 
shown that these seeds would likely germinate.
    Section 201.51 would update seed units that are considered to be 
inert matter, to include classification of certain seed units of newly 
added kinds, forage kochia and northern sweetvetch, as well as coating 
material.
    Sections 201.56 through 201.56-12 would be changed to establish new 
procedures for describing abnormal seedlings of each seed group for use 
in determining germination percentages and to eliminate references to 
outdated photographs. Seedling descriptions which had been developed 
over many years are being completely revised so that consistent, 
current terminology is used to describe abnormal seedlings for all 
kinds. The changes are designed to make the seedling descriptions more 
easily interpreted so that more consistent, accurate test results will 
be achieved. The changes will not result in significant differences in 
the percentages of germination found when compared to tests made under 
the current regulations.
    Changes to Sec. 201.57 would add kenaf, a new kind, to the list of 
kinds containing hard seed.
    Section 201.57a would be changed to correct scientific names to be 
consistent with Sec. 201.2 and to add new kinds, bottlebrush-
squirreltail, basin wildrye, galletagrass, mountain rye, johnsongrass, 
and forage kochia to the kinds having dormant seed.
    Section 201.58 would be changed to clarify the definition of 
``prechill'' applicable to Table 2, to make editorial changes in 
special procedures for alyceclover, bahiagrass, beet, and garden bean, 
and to add special procedures for green needlegrass. Changes would 
incorporate more specific information on the type of light to be used 
for ryegrass fluorescence tests, add germination procedures for coated 
seed, and correct common and scientific names in the section including 
Table 2. Germination test procedures for those kinds added in 
Secs. 201.2(h) and 201.2(i) would be added, and references to outdated 
photographs of seedlings removed. The changes in testing procedures 
incorporate into the regulations the latest research on testing these 
kinds.
    Section 201.58a would be changed to revise the use of the 
fluorescence test for determining the percentages of pure seed and 
other crop seed of annual ryegrass and perennial ryegrass. The changes 
incorporate methods agreed on by AOSA, AASCO, the grass seed industry, 
and AMS. The procedure for determining percentages of white sweetclover 
and yellow sweetclover would be changed from a mottled seed test to 
chemical test because the chemical test provides a more accurate, 
consistent result. Procedures for the phenol test for wheat, previously 
cited in AOSA Handbook Number 28, are being added and the reference to 
AOSA Handbook Number 28 is being removed so that all information will 
be contained in the regulations removing the need to have a copy of 
Handbook Number 28. Procedures for conducting a peroxidase test for 
varietal purity of soybean, and to add fluorescence test procedures for 
determining varietal purity of oat are added. These procedures have 
been in use for many years and have proven to be accurate, reliable, 
and consistent. Tests are essential to check the accuracy of variety 
representations.
    Section 201.58d would add established testing procedures for 
determining the percentage of fungal endophyte in seed and plant 
material growing therefrom to the regulations. Some grass seed is being 
labeled to indicate the presence or absence of fungal endophyte. 
Uniform testing procedures have been developed for determining the 
amount of fungal endophyte present.
    Changes to Sec. 201.60 would update scientific names as previously 
discussed, to add ryegrasses and galletagrass to the list of chaffy 
kinds, and to make editorial changes.
    Changes to Sec. 201.61 and Sec. 201.62 would correct typographical 
errors in the tolerance table.
    A change to Sec. 201.76 would provide for the certification agency 
to grant a variance in the land cropping history in specific 
circumstances where cultural practices have been proven adequate to 
maintain genetic purity. Generally this change would allow for the 
agency to modify the number of years the field must have been free of 
potential contaminants before being planted to a crop under 
certification. Section 201.76 would also be changed to update Table 5 
and the footnotes to Table 5 to include metric equivalents, to update 
names to be consistent with Sec. 201.2, and to make editorial changes 
and corrections. Standards for chemically assisted hybrid barley, 
buckwheat, and chemically assisted hybrid wheat would be added. Field 
standards for classes of mung bean would be changed and a field 
standard for hybrid corn added. In addition footnotes are added 
corresponding to those changes in the table.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 201

    Advertising, Agricultural commodities, Imports, Labeling, Reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements, Seeds, Vegetables.

    For reason set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR part 201 is amended as 
follows:

PART 201--FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS

    1. The authority citation for part 201 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1592.

    2. In Sec. 201.2, paragraphs (a), (h), (i), and (ee) are revised 
and (q) is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.2  Terms defined.

* * * * *
    (a) The Act. The Term ``Act'' means the Federal Seed Act approved 
August 9, 1939 (53 Stat. 1275; 7 U.S.C. 1551-1611 as amended);
* * * * *
    (h) Agricultural seeds. The term ``agricultural seeds'' means the 
following kinds of grass, forage, and field crop seeds, that are used 
for seeding purposes in the United States:

Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum Ciferri and Giacom.
Alfalfa--Medicago sativa L.
Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her.
Alyceclover--Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.
Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum Fluegge.
Barley--Hordeum vulgare L.
Barrelclover--Medicago truncatula Gaertn.
Bean, adzuki--Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi.
Bean, field--Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Bean, mung--Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.
Beet, field--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.
Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.
Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.
Bentgrass, colonial--Agrostis capillaris L.
Bentgrass, creeping--Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) 
Farw.
Bentgrass, velvet--Agrostis canina L.
Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon.
Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. aridus Harlan 
and de Wet.
Bluegrass, annual--Poa annua L.
Bluegrass, bulbous--Poa bulbosa L.
Bluegrass, Canada--Poa compressa L.
Bluegrass, glaucantha--Poa glaucantha Gaud.
Bluegrass, Kentucky--Poa pratensis L.
Bluegrass, Nevada--Poa nevadensis Scribn.
Bluegrass, rough--Poa trivialis L.
Bluegrass, Texas--Poa arachnifera Torr.
Bluegrass, wood--Poa nemoralis L.
Bluejoint--Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt.
Bluestem, big--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. gerardii.
Bluestem, little--Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash.
Bluestem, sand--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. paucipilus (Nash) 
Fern.
Bluestem, yellow--Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.
Bottlebrush-squirreltail--Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey.
Brome, field--Bromus arvensis L.
Brome, meadow--Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.
Brome, mountain--Bromus marginatus Steudel.
Brome, smooth--Bromus inermis Leyss.
Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.
Buffalograss--Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engl.
Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris L.
Burclover, California--Medicago polymorpha L.
Burclover, spotted--Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.
Burnet, little--Sanguisorba minor Scop.
Buttonclover--Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.
Canarygrass--Phalaris canariensis L.
Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris arundinacea L.
Carpetgrass--Axonopus affinis Chase.
Castorbean--Ricinus communis L.
Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus L.
Chickpea--Cicer arietinum L.
Clover, alsike--Trifolium hybridum L.
Clover, arrowleaf--Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.
Clover, berseem--Trifolium alexandrinum L.
Clover, cluster--Trifolium glomeratum L.
Clover, crimson--Trifolium incarnatum L.
Clover, Kenya--Trifolium semipilosum Fresen.
Clover, ladino--Trifolium repens L.
Clover, lappa--Trifolium lappaceum L.
Clover, large hop--Trifolium campestre Schreb.
Clover, Persian--Trifolium resupinatum L.
Clover, red or
    Red clover, mammoth--Trifolium pratense L.
    Red clover, medium--Trifolium pratense L.
Clover, rose--Trifolium hirtum All.
Clover, small hop or suckling--Trifolium dubium Sibth.
Clover, strawberry--Trifolium fragiferum L.
Clover, sub or subterranean--Trifolium subterraneum L.
Clover, white--Trifolium repens L. (also see Clover, ladino).
Clover--(also see Alyceclover, Burclover, Buttonclover, Sourclover, 
Sweetclover).
Corn, field--Zea mays L.
Corn, pop--Zea mays L.
Cotton--Gossypium spp.
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata.
Crambe--Crambe abyssinica R.E. Fries.
Crested dogtail--Cynosurus cristatus L.
Crotalaria, lance--Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey.
Crotalaria, showy--Crotalaria spectabilis Roth.
Crotalaria, slenderleaf--Crotalaria brevidens Benth. var. intermedia 
(Kotschy) Polh.
Crotalaria, striped or smooth--Crotalaria pallida Ait.
Crotalaria, sunn--Crotalaria juncea L.
Crownvetch--Coronilla varia L.
Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum Poir.
Dichondra--Dichondra repens Forst. and Forst. f.
Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray.
Emmer--Triticum dicoccon Schrank.
Fescue, chewings--Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.
Fescue, hair--Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.
Fescue, hard--Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina.
Fescue, meadow--Festuca pratensis Huds.
Fescue, red--Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra.
Fescue, sheep--Festuca ovina L. var. ovina.
Fescue, tall--Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
Flax--Linum usitatissimum L.
Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.
Grama, blue--Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Griffiths.
Grama, side-oats--Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.
Guineagrass--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum.
Hardinggrass--Phalaris stenoptera Hack.
Hemp--Cannabis sativa L.
Indiangrass, yellow--Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash.
Indigo, hairy--Indigofera hirsuta L.
Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia japonica Steud.
Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus L.
Kochia, forage--Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.
Kudzu--Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.)
Maesen and S. Almeida.
Lentil--Lens culinaris Medik.
Lespedeza, Korean--Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino.
Lespedeza, sericea or Chinese--Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. 
Don.
Lespedeza, Siberian--Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers.
Lespedeza, striate--Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindler.
Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood.
Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees.
Lupine, blue--Lupinus angustifolius L.
Lupine, white--Lupinus albus L.
Lupine, yellow--Lupinus luteus L.
Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.
Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus pratensis L.
Medic, black--Medicago lupulina L.
Milkvetch or cicer milkvetch--Astragalus cicer L.
Millet, browntop--Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf.
Millet, foxtail--Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Millet, Japanese--Echinochloa frumentacea Link.
Millet, pearl--Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Millet, proso--Panicum miliaceum L.
Molassesgrass--Melinis minutiflora Beauv.
Mustard, black--Brassica nigra (L.) Koch.
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.
Mustard, white--Sinapis alba L.
Napiergrass--Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.
Needlegrass, green--Stipa viridula Trinus.
Oat--Avena byzantina C. Koch, A. sativa L., A. nuda L.
Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.S. Presl and K.B. 
Presl.
Orchardgrass--Dactylis glomerata L.
Panicgrass, blue--Panicum antidotale Retz.
Panicgrass, green--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Robyns.
Pea, field--Pisum sativum L.
Peanut--Arachis hypogaea L.
Poa trivialis--(see Bluegrass, rough).
Rape, annual--Brassica napus L. var. annua Koch.
Rape, bird--Brassica rapa L.
Rape, turnip--Brassica rapa L.
Rape, winter--Brassica napus L. var. biennis (Schubl. and Mart.) 
Reichb.
Redtop--Agrostis gigantea Roth.
Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus Vahl.
Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana Kunth.
Rice--Oryza sativa L.
Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.)
Ricker.
Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus L.
Rye--Secale cereale L.
Rye, mountain--Secale montanum Guss.
Ryegrass, annual or Italian--Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Ryegrass, intermediate--Lolium x hybridum Hausskn.
Ryegrass, perennial--Lolium perenne L.
Ryegrass, Wimmera--Lolium rigidum Gaud.
Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius L.
Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.
Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.
Sesame--Sesamum indicum L.
Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) A.W. Hill.
Smilo--Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Asch. and Schweinf.
Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum L. Parodi.
Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steudel) Millsp. and 
Chase.
Sorgrass--Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross 
or a johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.
Southernpea--(See Cowpea).
Sourclover--Melilotus indicus (L.) All.
Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Spelt--Triticum spelta L.
Sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steudel) Millsp. and Chase.
Sunflower--Helianthus annuus L.
Sweetclover, white--Melilotus albus Medik.
Sweetclover, yellow--Melilotus officinalis Lam.
Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum boreale Nutt.
Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum L.
Timothy--Phleum pratense L.
Timothy, turf--Phleum bertolonii DC.
Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum L.
Trefoil, big--Lotus uliginosus Schk.
Trefoil, birdsfoot--Lotus corniculatus L.
Triticale--x Triticosecale Wittm. (Secale x Triticum).
Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei Steud.
Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina J. E. Smith.
Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wight) Burck.
Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus L.
Vetch, common--Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa.
Vetch, hairy--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa.
Vetch, Hungarian--Vicia pannonica Crantz.
Vetch, monantha--Vicia articulata Hornem.
Vetch, narrowleaf or blackpod--Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) 
Ehrh.
Vetch, purple--Vicia benghalensis L.
Vetch, woollypod or winter--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) 
Corb.
Wheat, common--Triticum aestivum L.
Wheat, club--Triticum compactum Host.
Wheat, durum--Triticum durum Desf.
Wheat, Polish--Triticum polonicum L.
Wheat, poulard--Triticum turgidum L.
Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x Agrotriticum.
Wheatgrass, beardless--Elytrigia spicata (Pursh) Dewey.
Wheatgrass, crested or fairway crested--Agropyron cristatum (L.) 
Gaertn.
Wheatgrass, crested or standard crested--Agropyron desertorum (Link) 
Schult.
Wheatgrass, intermediate--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. 
intermedia.
Wheatgrass, pubescent--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. 
barbulata (Schur) A. Love.
Wheatgrass, Siberian--Agropyron fragile (Roth) Candargy subsp. 
sibiricum (Willd.) Meld.
Wheatgrass, slender--Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn.
Wheatgrass, streambank--Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A. Love and D. 
Love.
Wheatgrass, tall--Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski.
Wheatgrass, western--Elymus smithii (Rydb.) Gould.
Wildrye, basin--Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and Merr.) A. Love.
Wildrye, Canada--Elymus canadensis L.
Wildrye, Russian--Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski.
Zoysia japonica--(see Japanese lawngrass).
Zoysia matrella--(see Manilagrass).

    (i) Vegetable seeds. The term ``vegetable seeds'' means the seeds 
of the following kinds that are or may be grown in gardens or on truck 
farms and are or may be generally known and sold under the name of 
vegetable seeds:

Artichoke--Cynara scolymus L.
Asparagus--Asparagus officinalis L.
Asparagusbean or yard-long bean--Vigna unguiculata (L.)
Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Bean, garden--Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Bean, lima--Phaseolus lunatus L.
Bean, runner or scarlet runner--Phaseolus coccineus L.
Beet--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.
Broadbean--Vicia faba L.
Broccoli--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brussels sprouts--Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.
Burdock, great--Arctium lappa L.
Cabbage--Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.
Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.
Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.
Cantaloupe--(see Melon).
Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus L.
Carrot--Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Celeriac--Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud.
Celery--Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Koch.
Chicory--Cichorium intybus L.
Chives--Allium schoenoprasum L.
Citron--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. citroides 
(Bailey) Mansf.
Collards--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.
Corn, sweet--Zea mays L.
Cornsalad--Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade.
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata.
Cress, garden--Lepidium sativum L.
Cress, upland--Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers.
Cress, water--Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Cucumber--Cucumis sativus L.
Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale Wigg.
Dill--Anethum graveolens L.
Eggplant--Solanum melongena L.
Endive--Cichorium endivia L.
Gherkin, West India--Cucumis anguria L.
Kale--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.
Kale, Chinese--Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (Bailey)
Musil.
Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus L. var. pabularia (DC.) Reichb.
Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Leek--Allium porrum L.
Lettuce--Lactuca sativa L.
Melon--Cucumis melo L.
Muskmelon (see Melon).
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.
Mustard, spinach--Brassica perviridis (Bailey) Bailey.
Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.
Onion--Allium cepa L.
Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum L.
Pak-choi--Brassica chinensis L.
Parsley--Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A. W. Hill.
Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa L.
Pea--Pisum sativum L.
Pepper--Capsicum spp.
Pe-tsai--(see Chinese cabbage).
Pumpkin--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C. 
maxima Duchesne.
Radish--Raphanus sativus L.
Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum L.
Rutabaga--Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Reichb.
Sage--Salvia officinalis L.
Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius L.
Savory, summer--Satureja hortensis L.
Sorrel--Rumex acetosa L.
Southernpea--(see Cowpea).
Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Spinach--Spinacia oleracea L.
Spinach, New Zealand--Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Ktze.
Squash--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C. 
maxima Duchesne.
Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Tomato, husk--Physalis pubescens L.
Turnip--Brassica rapa L.
Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. 
lanatus.
* * * * *
    (q) Coated seed. The term ``coated seed'' means any seed unit 
covered with any substance which changes the size, shape, or weight of 
the original seed. Seeds coated with ingredients such as, but not 
limited to, rhizobia, dyes, and pesticides are excluded.
* * * * *
    (ee) Certified seed. Certified seed is a class of certified seed 
which is the progeny of Breeder, Foundation, or Registered seed, except 
as provided in Sec. 201.70 and is produced and handled under procedures 
established by the certifying agency, in accordance with this part, for 
producing the Certified class of seed, for the purpose of maintaining 
genetic purity and identity.
* * * * *


Sec. 201.3  [Amended]

    3. Section 201.3 is amended by removing ``shall'' and adding in its 
place ``may''.


Sec. 201.10  [Amended]

    4. Section 201.10(a) is amended by removing the word ``hybrid''.


Sec. 201.13  [Amended]

    5. Section 201.13 is amended by removing ``in'' the first time it 
appears and adding in its place ``on''.


Sec. 201.17  [Amended]

    6. Section 201.17 is amended by removing ``bermuda grass'' and 
adding its place ``bermudagrass'' everywhere it appears.


Sec. 201.20  [Amended]

    7. Section 201.20 is amended by removing ``for each kind or kind 
and variety or kind and type or kind and hybrid'' and adding in its 
place ``each kind, or kind and variety, or kind and type, or kind and 
hybrid''.
    8. In Sec. 201.22, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.22  Date of test.

* * * * *
    (c) The following kinds shall be tested within the indicated time 
before interstate shipment: 

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Months from 
        Agricultural seeds and mixtures thereof            test date to 
                                                             shipment   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bentgrass, Colonial: Agrostis capillaris, Bentgrass,                    
 Creeping A. stolonifera var. palustris.................              15
Bluegrass, Kentucky: Poa pratensis......................              15
Fescue, Chewings: Festuca rubra subsp. commutata........              15
Fescue, Hard: Festuca trachyphylla......................              15
Fescue, Red: Festuca rubra subsp. rubra.................              15
Fescue, Tall: Festuca arundinacea.......................              15
Ryegrass, Annual: Lolium multiflorum....................              15
Ryegrass, Perennial: Lolium perenne.....................              15
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 201.26  [Amended]

    9. Section 201.26 is amended by removing ``is'' following the word 
``pollination'' and adding in its place ``in''.
    10. Section 201.31 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.31  Germination standards for vegetable seeds in interstate 
commerce.

    The following germination standards for vegetable seeds in 
interstate commerce, which shall be construed to include hard seed, are 
determined and established under section 403(c) of the act: 

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Percent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artichoke....................................................         60
Asparagus....................................................         70
Asparagusbean................................................         75
Bean, garden.................................................         70
Bean, lima...................................................         70
Bean, runner.................................................         75
Beet.........................................................         65
Broadbean....................................................         75
Broccoli.....................................................         75
Brussels sprouts.............................................         70
Burdock, great...............................................         60
Cabbage......................................................         75
Cabbage, tronchuda...........................................         70
Cardoon......................................................         60
Carrot.......................................................         55
Cauliflower..................................................         75
Celeriac.....................................................         55
Celery.......................................................         55
Chard, Swiss.................................................         65
Chicory......................................................         65
Chinese cabbage..............................................         75
Chives.......................................................         50
Citron.......................................................         65
Collards.....................................................         80
Corn, sweet..................................................         75
Cornsalad....................................................         70
Cowpea.......................................................         75
Cress, garden................................................         75
Cress, upland................................................         60
Cress, water.................................................         40
Cucumber.....................................................         80
Dandelion....................................................         60
Dill.........................................................         60
Eggplant.....................................................         60
Endive.......................................................         70
Kale.........................................................         75
Kale, Chinese................................................         75
Kale, Siberian...............................................         75
Kohlrabi.....................................................         75
Leek.........................................................         60
Lettuce......................................................         80
Melon........................................................         75
Mustard, India...............................................         75
Mustard, spinach.............................................         75
Okra.........................................................         50
Onion........................................................         70
Onion, Welsh.................................................         70
Pak-choi.....................................................         75
Parsley......................................................         60
Parsnip......................................................         60
Pea..........................................................         80
Pepper.......................................................         55
Pumpkin......................................................         75
Radish.......................................................         75
Rhubarb......................................................         60
Rutabaga.....................................................         75
Sage.........................................................         60
Salsify......................................................         75
Savory, summer...............................................         55
Sorrel.......................................................         65
Soybean......................................................         75
Spinach......................................................         60
Spinach, New Zealand.........................................         40
Squash.......................................................         75
Tomato.......................................................         75
Tomato, husk.................................................         50
Turnip.......................................................         80
Watermelon...................................................        70 
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    11. Section 201.34 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(5) and 
reserving paragraph (e) to read as follows: Sec. 201.34 Kind, variety, 
and type; treatment substances; designation as hybrid.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (5) Names of varieties which through broad general usage prior to 
July 28, 1956 were recognized variety names, except for hybrid seed 
corn, shall be considered variety names without regard to the 
principles stated in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
* * * * *
    (e) [Reserved]


Sec. 201.366  [Amended]

    12. Section 201.36b, paragraph (b) is amended by removing ``pole'' 
and adding in its place ``(pole) garden''.
    13. Section 201.36c, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.36c  Hermetically-sealed containers.

* * * * *
    (c) The seed in the container does not exceed the percentage of 
moisture, on a wet weight basis, as listed below: 

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Agricultural seeds                        Percent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beet, field..................................................        7.5
Beet, sugar..................................................        7.5
Bluegrass, Kentucky..........................................        6.0
Kale.........................................................        5.0
Kohlrabi.....................................................        5.0
Leek.........................................................        6.5
Lettuce......................................................        5.5
Melon........................................................        6.0
Mustard, India...............................................        5.0
Onion........................................................        6.5
Onion, Welsh.................................................        6.5
Parsley......................................................        6.5
Parsnip......................................................        6.0
Pea..........................................................        7.0
Pepper.......................................................        4.5
Pumpkin......................................................        6.0
Radish.......................................................        5.0
Rutabaga.....................................................        5.0
Spinach......................................................        8.0
Squash.......................................................        6.0
Tomato.......................................................        5.5
Turnip.......................................................        5.0
Watermelon...................................................        6.5
All others...................................................        6.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 201.37  [Amended]

    14. Section 201.37 is amended by removing ``Consumer and Marketing 
Service'' and adding in its place ``Agricultural Marketing Service''.
    15. In Sec. 201.43, paragraphs (a) through (e) are revised and a 
new paragraph (g) is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.43  Size of sample.

* * * * *
    (a) Two ounces (57 grams) of grass seed not otherwise mentioned, 
white or alsike clover, or seeds not larger than these.
    (b) Five ounces (142 grams) of red or crimson clover, alfalfa, 
lespedeza, ryegrass, bromegrass, millet, flax, rape, or seeds of 
similar size.
    (c) One pound (454 grams) of sudangrass, proso millet, hemp or 
seeds of similar size.
    (d) Two pounds (907 grams) of cereals, sorghum, vetch, or seeds of 
similar or larger size.
    (e) Two quarts (2.2 liters) of screenings.
* * * * *
    (g) Coated seed for a purity analysis shall consist of at least 
7,500 seed units. Coated seed for noxious-weed seed examination shall 
consist of at least 30,000 seed units. Coated seed for germination test 
only shall consist of at least 1,000 seed units.
    16. Section 201.44 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.44  Forwarding samples.

    Before being forwarded for analysis, test, or examination, the 
containers of samples shall be properly sealed and identified in such 
manner as may be prescribed by the Agricultural Marketing Service. 
Samples of coated seed shall be forwarded in firmly packed crush-proof 
and moisture-proof containers.


Sec. 201.45  [Amended]

    17. Section 201.45(b) is amended by removing ``,'' after the words 
``damaging large seeds'' and adding in its place P``and coated 
seeds,''.
    18. Section 201.46 is amended by adding a new paragraph (d) and 
revising Table 1 to read as follows:


Sec. 201.46  Weight of working sample.

* * * * *
    (d) Coated seed--(1) Unmixed coated seed. Due to variation in the 
weight of coating materials, the size or weight of the working sample 
shall be determined separately for each lot. The weight of the working 
sample shall be determined by weighing 100 completely coated units and 
calculating the weight of 2,500 coated units for the purity analysis 
and 25,000 coated units for the noxious-weed seed examination.
    (2) Mixtures of coated seed. The working weight shall be determined 
in the following manner:
    (i) Calculate the weight of the working sample to be used for the 
mixture under consideration as though the sample were not coated by 
following paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.
    (ii) Determine the amount of coating material on 100 coated units 
by weighing the coated units. Remove the coating material using the 
methods described in Secs. 201.51b (c) and (d). Calculate the 
percentage of coating material using the following formulas:

Weight of coating material=weight of 100 coated units--weight of 100 
de-coated units;
The percentage of coating material=weight of the coating material 
divided by the weight of 100 coated units  x  100%.

    (iii) The weight of the working sample shall be the product of the 
weight calculated in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section multiplied by 
100%, divided by 100% minus the percentage of coating material 
calculated in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section.

                   Table 1.--Weight of Working Sample                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Minimum               
                                    Minimum     weight for   Approximate
                                  weight for   noxious-weed   number of 
         Name of seed               purity         seed       seeds per 
                                   analysis     examination      gram   
                                    (Grams)      (Grams)                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        
       Agricultural Seed                                                
                                                                        
Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum.....         65            500             39
Alfalfa--Medicago sativa.......          5             50            500
Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium..          5             50            440
Alyceclover--Alysicarpus                                                
 vaginalis.....................          5             50            665
Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum:                                           
    Var. Pensacola.............          5             50            600
    All other vars.............          7             50            365
Barley--Hordeum vulgare........        100            500             30
Barrelclover--Medicago                                                  
 truncatula....................         10            100            250
Bean:                                                                   
    Adzuki--Vigna angularis....        200            500             11
    Field--Phaseolus vulgaris..        500            500              4
    Mung--Vigna radiata........        100            500             24
Beet, field--Beta vulgaris                                              
 subsp. vulgaris...............         50            500             55
Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris                                              
 subsp. vulgaris...............         50            500             55
Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium                                          
 tortuosum.....................          5             50            440
Bentgrass:                                                              
    Colonial (incl. vars.                                               
     Astoria and Highland)--...                                         
    Agrostis capillaris........          0.25           2.5       13,000
    Creeping--Agrostis                                                  
     stolonifera var. palustris          0.25           2.5       13,515
    Velvet--Agrostis canina....          0.25           2.5       18,180
Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon                                          
 var. dactylon.................          1             10          3,930
Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon                                            
 dactylon var. aridus..........          1             10          2,950
Bluegrass:                                                              
    Annual--Poa annua..........          1             10          2,635
    Bulbous--Poa bulbosa.......          4             40            585
    Canada--Poa compressa......          0.5            5          5,050
    Glaucantha--Poa glaucantha.          1             10               
    Kentucky (all vars.)--Poa                                           
     pratensis.................          1             10          3,060
    Nevada--Poa nevadensis.....          1             10          2,305
    Rough--Poa trivialis.......          0.5            5          4,610
    Texas--Poa arachnifera.....          1             10          2,500
    Wood--Poa nemoralis........          0.5            5          4,330
Bluejoint--Calamagrostis                                                
 canadensis....................          0.5            5          8,461
Bluestem:                                                               
    Big--Andropogon gerardii                                            
     var. gerardii.............          7             70            320
    Little--Schizachyrium                                               
     scoparium.................          5             50            525
    Sand--Andropogon gerardii                                           
     var. paucipilus...........         10            100            215
    Yellow--Bothriochloa                                                
     ischaemum.................          1             10          1,945
Bottlebrush-squirreltail--                                              
 Elymus elymoides..............          9             90            300
Brome:                                                                  
    Field--Bromus arvensis.....          5             50            465
    Meadow--Bromus                                                      
     biebersteinii.............         13            130            190
    Mountain--Bromus marginatus         20            200            140
    Smooth--Bromus inermis.....          7             70            315
Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor.....         40            400             60
Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum         50            500             45
Buffalograss--Buchloe                                                   
 dactyloides:                                                           
    (Burs).....................         20            200            110
    (Caryopses)................          3             30            740
Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris:                                         
    (Fascicles)................          6             66            365
    (Caryopses)................          2             20          1,940
Burclover, California--Medicago                                         
 polymorpha:                                                            
    (in bur)...................         50            500               
    (out of bur)...............          7             70            375
Burclover, spotted--Medicago                                            
 arabica:                                                               
    (in bur)...................         50            500             50
    (out of bur)...............          5             50            550
Burnet, little--Sanguisorba                                             
 minor.........................         25            250            110
Buttonclover--Medicago                                                  
 orbicularis...................          7             70            365
Canarygrass--Phalaris                                                   
 canariensis...................         20            200            150
Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris                                             
 arundinacea...................          2             20          1,185
Carpetgrass--Axonopus affinis..          1             10          2,230
Castorbean--Ricinus communis...        500            500              5
Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus.          5             50            555
Chickpea--Cicer arietinum......        500            500              2
Clover:                                                                 
    Alsike--Trifolium hybridum.          2             20          1,500
    Arrowleaf--Trifolium                                                
     vesiculosum...............          4             40            705
    Berseem--Trifolium                                                  
     alexandrinum..............          5             50            455
    Cluster--Trifolium                                                  
     glomeratum................          1             10          2,925
    Crimson--Trifolium                                                  
     incarnatum................         10            100            330
    Kenya--Trifolium                                                    
     semipilosum...............          2             20               
    Ladino--Trifolium repens...          2             20          1,935
    Lappa--Trifolium lappaceum.          2             20          1,500
    Large hop--Trifolium                                                
     campestre.................          1             10          5,435
    Persian--Trifolium                                                  
     resupinatum...............          2             20          1,415
    Red--Trifolium pratense....          5             50            600
    Rose--Trifolium hirtum.....          7             70            360
    Small hop--Trifolium dubium          2             20          1,950
    Strawberry--Trifolium                                               
     fragiferum................          5             50            635
    Sub--Trifolium subterraneum         25            250            120
    White--Trifolium repens....          2             20          1,500
Corn:                                                                   
    Field--Zea mays............        500            500              3
    Pop--Zea mays..............        500            500              3
Cotton--Gossypium spp..........        300            500              8
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata                                               
 subsp. unguiculata............        300            500              8
Crambe--Crambe abyssinica......         25            250               
Crested dogtail--Cynosurus                                              
 cristatus.....................          2             20          1,900
Crotalaria:                                                             
    Lance--Crotalaria                                                   
     lanceolata................          7             70            375
    Showy--Crotalaria                                                   
     spectabilis...............         25            250             80
    Slenderleaf--Crotalaria                                             
     brevidens var. intermedia.         10            100            205
    Striped--Crotalaria pallida         10            100            215
    Sunn--Crotalaria juncea....         75            500             35
Crownvetch--Coronilla varia....         10            100            305
Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum          4             40            620
Dichondra--Dichondra repens....          5             50            470
Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus                                              
 cryptandrus...................          0.25           2.5       12,345
Emmer--Triticum dicoccon.......        100            500             25
Fescue:                                                                 
    Chewings--Festuca rubra                                             
     subsp. commutata..........          3             30            900
    Hair--Festuca tenuifolia...          1             10               
    Hard--Festuca trachyphylla.          2             20          1,305
    Meadow--Festuca pratensis..          5             50            495
    Red--Festuca rubra subsp.                                           
     rubra.....................          3             30            900
    Sheep--Festuca ovina var.                                           
     ovina.....................          2             20          1,165
    Tall--Festuca arundinacea..          5             50            455
Flax--Linum usitatissimum......         15            150            180
Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii:                                          
    (Other than caryopses).....         10            100            260
    (Caryopses)................          5             50            580
Grama:                                                                  
    Blue--Bouteloua gracilis...          2             20          1,595
Side-oats--Bouteloua                                                    
 curtipendula:                                                          
    (Other than caryopses).....          6             60            350
    (Caryopses)................          2             20          1,605
Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba..         75            500             35
Guineagrass--Panicum maximum                                            
 var. maximum..................          2             20          2,205
Hardinggrass--Phalaris                                                  
 stenoptera....................          3             30            750
Hemp--Cannabis sativa..........         50            500             45
Indiangrass, yellow--                                                   
 Sorghastrum nutans............          7             70            395
Indigo, hairy--Indigofera                                               
 hirsuta.......................          7             70            435
Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia                                              
 japonica......................          2             20          1,325
Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense         10            100            265
Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus.....         50            500               
Kochia, forage--Kochia                                                  
 prostrata.....................          2             20          1,070
Kudzu--Pueraria montana var.                                            
 lobata........................         25            250             80
Lentil--Lens culinaris.........        120            500          14-23
Lespedeza:                                                              
    Korean--Kummerowia                                                  
     stipulacea................          5             50            525
    Sericea--Lespedeza cuneata.          3             30            820
    Siberian--Lespedeza juncea.          3             30            820
    Striate--Kummerowia striata          5             50            750
Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis                                             
 trichodes.....................          1             10          3,585
Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis                                          
 curvula.......................          1             10          3,270
Lupine:                                                                 
    Blue--Lupinus angustifolius        500            500              7
    White--Lupinus albus.......        500            500              7
    Yellow--Lupinus luteus.....        300            500              9
Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella...          2             20               
Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus                                              
 pratensis.....................          3             30            893
Medic, black--Medicago lupulina          5             50            585
Milkvetch--Astragalus cicer....          9             90            270
Millet:                                                                 
    Browntop--Brachiaria ramosa          8             80            315
    Foxtail--Setaria italica...          5             50            480
    Japanese--Echinochloa                                               
     frumentacea...............          9             90            315
    Pearl--Pennisetum glaucum..         15            150            180
    Proso--Panicum miliaceum...         15            150            185
Molassesgrass--Melinis                                                  
 minutiflora...................          0.5            5          7,750
Mustard:                                                                
    Black--Brassica nigra......          2             20          1,255
    India--Brassica juncea.....          5             50            625
    White--Sinapis alba........         15            150            160
Napiergrass--Pennisetum                                                 
 purpureum.....................          5             50               
Needlegrass, green--Stipa                                               
 viridula......................          7             70            370
Oat--Avena spp.................         75            500          35-50
Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum                                           
 elatius.......................          6             60            417
Orchardgrass--Dactylis                                                  
 glomerata.....................          3             30            945
Panicgrass, blue--Panicum                                               
 antidotale....................          2             20          1,370
Panicgrass, green--Panicum                                              
 maximum var. trichoglume......          2             20          1,305
Pea, field--Pisum sativum......        500            500              4
Peanut--Arachis hypogaea.......        500            500            1-3
Rape:                                                                   
    Annual--Brassica napus var.                                         
     annua.....................          7             70            345
    Bird--Brassica rapa........          7             70            425
    Turnip--Brassica rapa......          5             50            535
    Winter--Brassica napus var.                                         
     biennis...................         10            100            230
Redtop--Agrostis gigantea......          0.25           2.5       10,695
Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus         20            200            115
Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana....          1             10          4,725
Rice--Oryza sativa.............         50            500             65
Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis                                            
 hymenoides....................          7             70            355
Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus....         75            500             40
Rye--Secale cereale............         75            500             40
Rye, mountain--Secale montanum.         28            280             90
Ryegrass:                                                               
    Annual--Lolium multiflorum.          5             50            420
    Intermediate--Lolium x                                              
     hybridum..................          8             80            338
    Perennial--Lolium perenne..          5             50            530
    Wimmera--Lolium rigidum....          5             50               
Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius        100            500             30
Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia                                          
 ludoviciana...................          0.5            5          8,900
Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia         50            500             50
Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex                                            
 canescens.....................         15            150            165
Sesame--Sesamum indicum........          7             70            360
Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata....         25            250            105
Smilo--Oryzopsis miliacea......          2             20          2,010
Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor.......         50            500             55
Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum.         15            150            150
Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x                                           
 drummondii....................         65            500             38
Sorgrass\1\....................         15            150            135
Sourclover--Melilotus indicus..          5             50            660
Soybean--Glycine max...........        500            500           6-13
Spelt--Triticum spelta.........        100            500             25
Sudangrass--Sorghum x                                                   
 drummondii....................         25            250            100
Sunflower (Cult.)--Helianthus                                           
 annuus........................        100            500               
Sweetclover:                                                            
    White--Melilotus albus.....          5             50            570
    Yellow--Melilotus                                                   
     officinalis...............          5             50            570
Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum                                         
 odoratum......................          2             20          1,600
Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum                                         
 boreale.......................         19            190            130
Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum..          4             40            570
Timothy--Phleum pratense.......          1             10          2,565
Timothy, turf--Phleum                                                   
 bertolonii....................          1             10          2,565
Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum.....          0.5            5         15,625
Trefoil:                                                                
    Big--Lotus uliginosus......          2             20          1,945
    Birdsfoot--Lotus                                                    
     corniculatus..............          3             30            815
Triticale--x Triticosecale.....        100            500               
Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei..          3             30            970
Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina..          4             40            655
Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens                                             
 var. utilis...................        500            500              2
Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus....          1             10          3,360
Vetch:                                                                  
    Common--Vicia sativa subsp.                                         
     sativa....................        150            500             19
    Hairy--Vicia villosa subsp.                                         
     villosa...................         75            500             35
    Hungarian--Vicia pannonica.        100            500             24
    Monantha--Vicia articulata.        100            500               
    Narrowleaf--Vicia sativa                                            
     subsp. nigra..............         50            500             60
    Purple--Vicia benghalensis.        100            500             22
    Woollypod--Vicia villosa                                            
     subsp. varia..............        100            500             25
Wheat:                                                                  
    Common--Triticum aestivum..        100            500             25
    Club--Triticum compactum...        100            500             25
    Durum--Triticum durum......        100            500             25
    Polish--Triticum polonicum.        100            500             25
    Poulard--Triticum turgidum.        100            500             25
Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x                                          
 Agrotriticum..................         65            500             38
Wheatgrass:                                                             
    Beardless--Elytrigia                                                
     spicata...................          8             80            275
    Fairway crested--Agropyron                                          
     cristatum.................          4             40            685
    Standard crested--Agropyron                                         
     desertorum................          5             50            425
    Intermediate--Elytrigia                                             
     intermedia subsp.                                                  
     intermedia................         15            150            175
    Pubescent--Elytrigia                                                
     intermedia subsp.                                                  
     barbulata.................         15            150            180
    Siberian--Agropyron fragile                                         
     subsp. sibiricum..........          5             50               
    Slender--Elymus                                                     
     trachycaulus..............          7             70            295
    Streambank--Elytrigia                                               
     dasystachya...............         10             50            370
    Tall--Elytrigia elongata...         15            150            165
    Western--Elymus smithii....         10            100            250
Wildrye:                                                                
    Basin--Leymus cinereus.....          8             80            317
    Canada--Elymus canadensis..         11            110            190
    Russian--Psathyrostachys                                            
     juncea....................          6             60            360
                                                                        
         Vegetable Seed                                                 
                                                                        
Artichoke--Cynara scolymus.....        100            500             24
Asparagus--Asparagus                                                    
 officinalis...................        100            500             25
Asparagusbean--Vigna                                                    
 unguiculata subsp.                                                     
 sesquipedalis.................        300            500              8
Bean:                                                                   
    Garden--Phaseolus vulgaris.        500            500              4
    Lima--Phaseolus lunatus....        500            500              2
    Runner--Phaseolus coccineus        500            500              1
Beet--Beta vulgaris subsp.                                              
 vulgaris......................         50            300             60
Broadbean--Vicia faba..........        500            500               
Broccoli--Brassica oleracea                                             
 var. botrytis.................         10             50            315
Brussels sprouts--Brassica                                              
 oleracea var. gemmifera.......         10             50            315
Burdock, great--Arctium lappa..         15            150               
Cabbage--Brassica oleracea var.                                         
 capitata......................         10             50            315
Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica                                              
 pekinensis....................          5             50            635
Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica                                            
 oleracea var. costata.........         10            100               
Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus....        100            500               
Carrot--Daucus carota subsp.                                            
 sativus.......................          3             50            825
Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea                                          
 var. botrytis.................         10             50            315
Celeriac--Apium graveolens var.                                         
 rapaceum......................          1             25          2,520
Celery--Apium graveolens var.                                           
 dulce.........................          1             25          2,520
Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris                                             
 subsp. cicla..................         50            300             60
Chicory--Cichorium intybus.....          3             50            940
Chives--Allium schoenoprasum...          5             50               
Citron--Citrullus lanatus var.                                          
 citroides.....................        200            500             11
Collards--Brassica oleracea                                             
 var. acephala.................         10             50            315
Corn, sweet--Zea mays..........        500            500               
Cornsalad--Valerianella                                                 
 locusta:                                                               
    Vars. Fullhearted and Dark                                          
     Green Fullhearted.........          5             50               
    All other vars.............         10             50            380
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata                                               
 subsp. unguiculata............        300            500              8
Cress:                                                                  
    Garden--Lepidium sativum...          5             50            425
    Upland--Barbarea verna.....          2             35          1,160
    Water--Nasturtium                                                   
     officinale................          1             25          5,170
Cucumber--Cucumis sativus......         75            500             40
Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale          2             35          1,240
Dill--Anethum graveolens.......          3             50            800
Eggplant--Solanum melongena....         10             50            230
Endive--Cichorium endivia......          3             50            940
Gherkin, West India--Cucumis                                            
 anguria.......................         16            160            153
Kale--Brassica oleracea var.                                            
 acephala......................         10             50            315
Kale, Chinese--Brassica                                                 
 oleracea var. alboglabra......         10             50               
Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus                                          
 var. pabularia................          8             80            325
Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea                                             
 var. gongylodes...............         10             50            315
Leek--Allium porrum............          7             50            395
Lettuce--Lactuca sativa........          3             50            890
Melon--Cucumis melo............         50            500             45
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea          5             50            625
Mustard, spinach--Brassica                                              
 perviridis....................          5             50            535
Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus...        100            500             19
Onion--Allium cepa.............          7             50            340
Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum         10             50               
Pak-choi--Brassica chinensis...          5             50            635
Parsley--Petroselinum crispum..          5             50            650
Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa......          5             50            430
Pea--Pisum sativum.............        500            500              3
Pepper--Capsicum spp...........         15            150            165
Pumpkin--Cucurbita maxima, C.                                           
 moschata, and C. pepo.........        500            500              5
Radish--Raphanus sativus.......         30            300             75
Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum.....         50            300             60
Rutabaga--Brassica napus var.                                           
 napobrassica..................          5             50            430
Sage--Salvia officinalis.......         25            150            120
Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius         50            300             65
Savory, summer--Satureja                                                
 hortensis.....................          2             35          1,750
Sorrel--Rumex acetosa..........          2             35          1,080
Soybean--Glycine max...........        500            500           6-13
Spinach--Spinacia oleracea.....         25            150            100
Spinach, New Zealand--                                                  
 Tetragonia tetragonioides.....        200            500             13
Squash--Cucurbita maxima, C.                                            
 moschata, and C. pepo.........        200            500             14
Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum          5             50            405
Tomato, husk--Physalis                                                  
 pubescens.....................          2             35          1,240
Turnip--Brassica rapa..........          5             50            535
Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus                                           
 var. lanatus..................        200            500            11 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a       
  johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.                                      

    19. Section 201.47 is amended by revising paragraph (e) and adding 
a new paragraph (f) to read as follows:


Sec. 201.47  Separation.

* * * * *
    (e) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a) 
shall be used for the separation of pure seed and inert matter in seeds 
of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Canada bluegrass (P. compressa), 
rough bluegrass (P. trivialis), Pensacola variety of bahiagrass 
(Paspalum notatum), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), side-oats grama 
(Bouteloua curtipendula), and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis).
    (f) Procedures for purity analysis for coated seed are given in 
Sec. 201.51b.
    20. Section 201.47a is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(3), 
(b)(4), and (g) to read as follows:


Sec. 201.47a  Seed unit.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Entire spikelets in bentgrasses and redtop (Agrostis spp.); 
browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa); rice (Oryza sativa); panicgrasses, 
guineagrass, proso millet, and switchgrass (Panicum spp.); dallisgrass, 
bahiagrass, and vaseygrass (Paspalum spp.); and foxtail millet (Setaria 
italica). Entire spikelets which may have attached rachis segments, 
pedicels, and sterile spikelets in bluestems (Andropogon spp.); yellow 
bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum); bottlebrush-squirreltail (Elymus 
elymoides); little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium); yellow 
indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans); and broomcorn, johnsongrass, sorghum, 
sorghum-sudangrass, sorghum almum, sorgrass, and sudangrass (Sorghum 
spp.);
    (4) Spikelet groups:
    (i) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as a unit in galletagrass 
(Hilaria jamesii);
    (ii) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as units with attached 
rachis and internodes in bluestems (Andropogon spp., Bothriochloa 
ischaemum, and Schizachyrium scoparium), side-oats grama (Bouteloua 
curtipendula), and yellow indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans);
* * * * *
    (g) ``Seed balls'' or portions thereof in multigerm beets (Beta 
vulgaris), and fruits with accessory structures such as occur in other 
Chenopodiaceae and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides). For 
forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) refer to Sec. 201.48(j) and 
Sec. 201.51(a)(7).
    21. In Sec. 201.48, paragraphs (g)(2), (g)(3), (h), and (i) are 
revised and a new paragraph (j) is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.48  Kind or variety considered pure seed.

* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (2) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a) 
shall be used to determine classification of florets into pure seed or 
inert matter for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Canada bluegrass 
(P. compressa), rough bluegrass (P. trivialis), Pensacola variety of 
bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), side-
oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula); and blue grama (Bouteloua 
gracilis).
    (3) Special purity procedures for Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra 
subsp. commutata), red fescue (F. rubra subsp. rubra), orchardgrass 
(Dactylis glomerata), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum or A. 
desertorum), pubescent wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia subsp. 
barbulata), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia subsp. 
intermedia), smooth brome (Bromus inermis), western wheatgrass (Elymus 
smithii), and tall wheatgrass (Elytrigia elongata) are listed in 
Sec. 201.51a(b).
* * * * *
    (h) Seed units with nematode galls, fungal bodies (i.e. ergot, 
other sclerotia, and smut) and spongy or corky caryopses that are 
entirely enclosed within the seed unit. Refer to Sec. 201.51(c)(1) for 
inert matter classification.
    (i) Seed units of beet (Beta vulgaris) and other Chenopodiaceae, 
and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides). Refer to 
Sec. 201.47a(g) and Sec. 201.51(a)(6) for definitions of seed units and 
inert matter, respectively.
    (j) Seed units of forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) that are 
retained in a 1 mm opening square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 
seconds. For inert matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(a)(7).
    22. Section 201.49 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.49  Other crop seed.

    (a) Seeds of plants grown as crops (other than the kind(s) and 
variety(ies) included in the pure seed) shall be considered other crop 
seeds, unless recognized as weed seeds by applicable laws, or 
regulations, or by general usage. All interpretations and definitions 
for ``pure seed'' in Sec. 201.48 shall also apply in determining 
whether seeds are ``other crop seed'' or ``inert matter'' with the 
following two exceptions which may be applied as acceptable 
alternatives:
    (1) Uniform Blowing Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(a) for kinds listed 
in Sec. 201.47(e) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all seed units 
(as defined in Sec. 201.47a) for these kinds found in the working 
sample shall be manually separated into pure seed and inert matter. 
Only units containing at least one caryopsis with some degree of 
endosperm development which can be detected either by slight pressure 
or by examination over light are considered other crop seed.
    (2) Multiple Unit Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(b) for kinds listed in 
Sec. 201.48(g)(3) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all multiple 
units and single units (as defined in Sec. 201.51a(b)) for these kinds 
found in the working sample shall be manually separated into single 
florets. Each floret containing a caryopsis with some degree of 
endosperm development, which can be detected either by slight pressure 
or examination over light, is considered other crop seed. Empty florets 
and glumes, if present, are considered inert matter. Refer to 
Sec. 201.51(a)(4).
    (b) [Reserved]
    23. Section 201.50 paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.50  Weed seed.

* * * * *
    (c) Wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets that have any 
part of the husk remaining and are not damaged at the basal end are 
considered weed seeds regardless of size. Bulblets that are completely 
devoid of husk, and are not damaged at the basal end, and are retained 
by a 1/13th-inch (1.9 mm) round-hole sieve are considered weed seeds. 
For wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets classed as inert 
matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(b)(5).
    24. Section 201.51 paragraphs (a)(5), (a)(6), and (c)(2) are 
revised and new paragraphs (a)(7), (a)(8), and (c)(3) are added to read 
as follows:


Sec. 201.51  Inert matter.

    (a) * * *
    (5) Seed units with nematode galls or fungal bodies (smut, ergot, 
and other sclerotia) that are not entirely enclosed within the seed 
unit. Refer to Sec. 201.48(h) for pure seed classification.
    (6) Broken seed units of Chenopodiaceae and fruit portions or 
fragments of monogerm beets (Beta vulgaris), New Zealand spinach 
(Tetragonia tetragonioides), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), and 
families in which the seed unit is a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit 
that visibly do not contain a seed. Refer to Sec. 201.48(f), (g)(1), 
(i), and (j) for pure seed classification.
    (7) Seed units of forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) that pass 
through a 1 mm opening, square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds.
    (8) The thin pericarp (fruit wall), if present on seeds of northern 
sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale).
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Soil particles, sand, stone, chaff, stems, leaves, flowers, 
loose coating material, and any other foreign material.
    (3) Coating material removed from coated seed by washing. Refer to 
Sec. 201.51b(c).
    25. Section 201.51a is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.51a  Special procedures for purity analysis.

    (a) The Uniform Blowing Procedure shall be used for the separation 
of pure seed and inert matter in the following: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa 
pratensis); Canada bluegrass (P. compressa); rough bluegrass (P. 
trivialis); Pensacola variety of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum); 
orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata); blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis); and 
side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula). When kinds listed in this 
section appear in mixtures they shall be separated from other kinds 
before using the Uniform Blowing Procedure. To determine the blowing 
point for these procedures, individual calibration samples for Kentucky 
bluegrass, orchardgrass, and Pensacola variety of bahiagrass shall be 
used. The calibration sample for Kentucky bluegrass shall be used for 
Canada bluegrass and rough bluegrass. The blowing point for Canada 
bluegrass shall be the same as the blowing point determined for 
Kentucky bluegrass. The blowing point for rough bluegrass shall be a 
factor of 0.82 (82 percent) of the blowing point determined for 
Kentucky bluegrass. The 0.82 factor is restricted to the General-type 
seed blower. The blowing point for blue grama shall be a factor of 
1.157 of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before 
blowing, extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing 
process shall be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into 
four approximately equal parts and each blown separately. The 1.157 
factor is restricted to the General-type seed blower. The blowing point 
for side-oats grama shall be a factor of 1.480 of the blowing point 
determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before blowing, extraneous material 
that will interfere with the blowing process shall be removed. The 
sample to be blown shall be divided into four approximately equal parts 
and each part blown separately. The 1.480 factor is restricted to the 
General-type seed blower. Calibration samples and instructions are 
available through the Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, LS, AMS, 
Building 306, room 213, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. The calibration 
samples shall be used to establish a blowing point prior to proceeding 
with the separation of pure seed and inert matter for these kinds. 
After completing the blowing procedure, remove all weed and other crop 
seeds from the light portion and add these to the weed or other crop 
separation, as appropriate. The remainder of the light portion shall be 
considered inert matter. Remove all weed and other crop seeds and other 
inert matter (stems, leaves, dirt) from the heavy portion and add these 
to the weed seed, other crop seed, or inert matter separations, as 
appropriate. The remainder of the heavy portion shall be considered 
pure seed. With orchardgrass, after the blowing, proceed with the 
multiple unit procedure.
    (b) The Multiple Unit Procedure of determining the pure seed 
fraction shall be used only for the kinds included in the following 
table when multiple units are present in a sample. These methods are 
applicable to the kinds listed when they occur in mixtures or singly. 
Any single unit without attached structures, as described below, shall 
be considered a single unit. Multiple units and single units for the 
kinds listed shall remain intact. The attached glumes and fertile or 
sterile florets shall not be removed from the fertile floret.
    (1) A multiple unit is a seed unit that includes one or more 
structures as follows (the length of the awn shall be disregarded when 
determining the length of a fertile floret or an attached structure):
    (i) An attached sterile or fertile floret that extends to or beyond 
the tip of a fertile floret;
    (ii) A fertile floret with basally attached glume, glumes, or 
basally attached sterile floret of any length;
    (iii) A fertile floret with two or more attached sterile and/or 
fertile florets of any length.
    (2) Procedure for determination of multiple units:
    (i) For the single kind: determine the percentage of single units 
present, based on the total weight of single units and multiple units. 
Apply the appropriate factor, as determined from the following table, 
to the weight of the multiple units and add that portion of the 
multiple unit weight to the weight of the single units. The remaining 
multiple unit weight shall be added to the weight of the inert matter.
    (ii) For mixtures that include one or more of the kinds in the 
following table, determine the percentage of single units, based on the 
total weight of single units and multiple units, for each kind. Apply 
the appropriate factor as determined from the following table, to the 
weight of multiple units of each kind. 

                                                      Table of Factors to Apply to Multiple Unitsa                                                      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                      Crested   Pubescent                   Tall     Western            
       Percent of single units of each kind          Chewings     Red      Orchard-    wheat-     wheat-   Intermediate    wheat-     wheat-     Smooth 
                                                      fescue     fescue     grass      grassb     grass     wheat-grass    grassc     grassc     brome  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50 or below.......................................         91         80         80         70         66           72   .........  .........         72
50.01-55.00.......................................         91         81         81         72         67           74   .........  .........         74
55.01-60.00.......................................         91         82         81         73         67           75   .........  .........         75
60.01-65.00.......................................         91         83         82         74         67           76   .........  .........         76
65.01-70.00.......................................         91         84         82         75         68           77   .........         60         78
70.01-75.00.......................................         91         86         82         76         68           78   .........         66         79
75.01-80.00.......................................         91         87         83         77         69           79          50         67         81
80.01-85.00.......................................         91         88         83         78         69           80          55         68         82
85.01-90.00.......................................         91         89         83         79         69           81          65         70         83
90.01-100.00......................................         91         90         84         79         70           82          70         74        85 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aThe factors represent the percentages of the multiple unit weights which are considered pure seed. The remaining percentage is regarded as inert matter
                                                                                                                                                        
bIncludes both Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum.                                                                                                   
cDashes in table indicate that no factors are available at the levels shown.                                                                            

    26. New Sec. 201.51b is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.51b  Purity procedures for coated seed.

    (a) The working sample for coated seed is obtained as described in 
Sec. 201.46(d) (1) and (2), and weighed in grams to four significant 
figures.
    (b) Any loose coating material shall be sieved, weighed, and 
included with the inert matter component.
    (c) Coating material is removed from the seed by washing with water 
or other solvents such as, but not limited to, diluted sodium hydroxide 
(NaOH). Use of fine mesh sieves is recommended for this procedure, and 
stirring or shaking the coated units may be necessary to obtain de-
coated seed.
    (d) Spread de-coated seed on blotters or filter paper in a shallow 
container. Air dry overnight at room temperature.
    (e) Separation of component parts:
    (1) Kind or variety considered pure seed.
    (2) Other crop seed.
    (3) Inert matter.
    (4) Weed seed.
    (f) The de-coated seed shall be separated into four components in 
accordance with Secs. 201.48 through 201.51. Sections 201.51a (a) and 
(b) shall not be followed. The weight of the coating material is 
determined by subtracting the sum of the weights of the other four 
components from the original weight of the working sample. The 
percentage of coating material shall be included with the inert matter 
percentage. Calculate percentages of all components based on the 
original weight of the working sample (see paragraph (a) of this 
section).
    27. Section 201.52 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.52  Noxious-weed seeds.

    (a) The determination of the number of seeds, bulblets, or tubers 
of individual noxious weeds present per unit weight should be made on 
at least the minimum quantities listed in Sec. 201.46 Table 1: 
Provided, That if the following indicated numbers of a single kind of 
seed, bulblet, or tuber are found in the pure seed analysis (or 
noxious-weed seed examination of a like amount) the occurrence of that 
kind in the remainder of the bulk examined for noxious-weed seeds need 
not be noted: \1/2\-gram purity working sample, 16 or more seeds; 1-
gram purity working sample, 23 or more seeds; 2-gram purity working 
sample or larger, 30 or more seeds. The seeds per unit weight shall be 
based on the number of single seeds. The number of individual seeds 
shall be determined in burs of sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) and cocklebur 
(Xanthium spp.); in capsules of dodder (Cuscuta spp.); in berries of 
groundcherry, horsenettle, and nightshade (Solanaceae); and in the 
fruits of other noxious weeds that contain more than one seed. Refer to 
Secs. 201.50 and 201.51(b)(4) for the classification of weed seeds and 
inert matter, respectively.
    (b) A noxious-weed seed examination of coated seed samples shall be 
made by examining approximately 25,000 units obtained in accordance 
with Sec. 201.46(d) and which have been de-coated by the method 
described in Sec. 201.51b(c).
    28. Section 201.54 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.54  Number of seeds for germination.

    At least 400 seeds shall be tested for germination except that in 
mixtures 200 seeds of each of those kinds present to the extent of 15 
percent or less may be used in lieu of 400, in which case an additional 
2 percent is to be added to the regular germination tolerances. The 
seeds shall be tested in replicate tests of 100 seeds or less.
    29. In Sec. 201.56, paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (e) are revised 
to read as follows:


Sec. 201.56  Interpretation.

    (a) A seed shall be considered to have germinated when it has 
developed those essential structures which, for the kind of seed under 
consideration, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant 
under favorable conditions. In general, the following are considered to 
be essential structures necessary for the continued development of the 
seedling (although some structures may not be visible in all kinds at 
the time of seedling evaluation). Seedlings possessing these essential 
structures are referred to as normal seedlings:
    (1) Root system, consisting of primary, secondary, seminal, or 
adventitious roots.
    (2) Hypocotyl.
    (3) Epicotyl.
    (4) Cotyledon(s).
    (5) Terminal bud.
    (6) Primary leaves.
    (7) Coleoptile and mesocotyl (in the grass family).
    (b) Abnormal seedlings consist of those with defects to these 
structures, as described in the abnormal seedling descriptions, and are 
judged to be incapable of continued growth.
    (c) The seedling descriptions assume that test conditions were 
adequate to allow proper assessment of the essential seedling 
structures.
* * * * *
    (e) Standard guides for seedling interpretation shall include the 
following descriptions for specific kinds and groups. The ``General 
Description'' for each group of crop kinds describes a seedling without 
defects. While such a seedling is clearly normal, seedlings with some 
defects may also be classified as normal, provided the defects do not 
impair the functioning of the structure. The ``Abnormal seedling 
description'' is to be followed when judging the severity of defects.
    30. Sections 201.56-1 through 201.56-12 are revised to read as 
follows:


Sec. 201.56-1  Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae, and Carpetweed family, 
Aizoaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Beet, Swiss chard, fourwing saltbush, spinach, New 
Zealand spinach, and forage kochia.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Leaf-like cotyledons and perisperm.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may develop within 
the test period.
    (5) Seedling: Frequent counts should be made on multigerm beet 
since the growing seedlings will separate from the cluster making it 
difficult to identify the source. Any cluster which produces at least 
one normal seedling is classified as normal; only one normal seedling 
per cluster is to be counted (see Sec. 201.56(d)). Toxic substances 
from the clusters of beet and Swiss chard may cause discoloring of the 
hypocotyl and/or root. Seedlings which are slightly discolored are to 
be classified as normal; however, if there is excessive discoloration, 
retest by the method in Sec. 201.58(b)(3).
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (iii) For discolored roots of beet and Swiss chard, see 
Sec. 201.58(b)(3).
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (For discolored seedlings of beet and Swiss 
chard, see Sec. 201.58(b)(3).)
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-2  Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae).

    Kinds of seed: Artichoke, cardoon, chicory, dandelion, endive, 
great burdock, lettuce, safflower, salsify, Louisiana sagewort, and 
sunflower.
    (a) Lettuce.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like, and photosynthetic. The cotyledons of some varieties develop 
elongated petioles.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root.
    (v) Seedling: The interpretations of lettuce seedlings are made 
only at the end of the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove attached seed coat for evaluation of 
cotyledons. Physiological necrosis is manifested by discolored areas on 
the cotyledons and should not be confused with natural pigmentation of 
some lettuce varieties.)
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (B) Any degree of necrosis or decay.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Severely twisted or grainy.
    (C) Watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will 
not compensate for a defective root.)
    (B) Primary root tip blunt, swollen, or discolored. (Toxic 
materials in the substratum may cause short, blunt roots; see 
Sec. 201.58(a)(9).)
    (C) Primary root with splits or lesions.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) Swollen cotyledons associated with extremely short or vestigial 
hypocotyl and root.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (b) Other kinds in the sunflower family: Artichoke, cardoon, 
chicory, dandelion, endive, great burdock, safflower, salsify, 
Louisiana sagewort, and sunflower.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like, and photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the 
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (C) Watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (Seedlings with roots bound within tough seed coats 
should be left in the test until the final count to allow for 
development.)
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-3  Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

    Kinds of seed: Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese 
cabbage, cauliflower, collards, garden cress, upland cress, water 
cress, kale, Chinese kale, Siberian kale, kohlrabi, mustard, pak-choi, 
radish, rape, rutabaga, and turnip.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like and photosynthetic. In Brassica, Sinapis, and Raphanus, the 
cotyledons are bi-lobed and folded, with the outer cotyledon being 
larger than the inner.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface; the epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A long primary root.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Decayed at point of attachment.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (iii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will 
not compensate for a defective root.)
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-4  Cucurbit family, Cucurbitaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Citron, cucumber, West India gherkin, melon, 
pumpkin, squash, and watermelon.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy; they 
expand, become photosynthetic, and usually persist beyond the seedling 
stage.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and the cotyledons are 
pulled free of the seed coat, which often adheres to a peg-like 
appendage at the base of the hypocotyl. The epicotyl usually does not 
show any development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A long primary root with numerous secondary roots.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the 
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root, with less than two 
strong secondary or adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-5  Grass family, Poaceae (Gramineae).

    Kinds of seed: Bentgrasses, bluegrasses, bluestems, bromes, 
cereals, fescues, millets, orchardgrass, redtop, ryegrasses, sorghums, 
timothy, turf timothy, wheatgrasses, and all other grasses listed in 
Sec. 201.2(h).
    (a) Cereals: Agrotricum, barley, oat, rye, mountain rye, wheat, 
wheat x agrotricum, and triticale.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During 
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients 
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl may elongate 
depending on the variety and light intensity, but may not be 
discernible. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result 
of growth and emergence of the leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A primary root and seminal roots. The primary 
root is not readily distinguishable from the seminal roots; therefore, 
all roots arising from the seed are referred to as seminal roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) No leaf.
    (C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (E) Spindly or watery.
    (F) Grainy, spirally twisted, shredded, and weak.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) Less than one strong seminal root.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (D) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g. 
kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).
    (E) Thickened and shortened roots and/or shoots.
    (b) Rice.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During 
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients 
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil or water surface; the mesocotyl may 
elongate depending on the variety and environmental conditions. 
Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and 
emergence of the leaves.
    (iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots. 
Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or 
coleoptilar node within the test period. If the mesocotyl elongates, 
the adventitious roots will be carried above the grain.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) No leaf.
    (C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (E) Spindly or watery.
    (F) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak primary root with insufficient seminal or adventitious 
roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (c) Corn.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During 
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients 
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through
the soil surface. The mesocotyl usually elongates. Splitting of the 
coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the 
leaves. A twisted and curled shoot bound by a tough seed coat may be 
considered normal, provided the shoot is not decayed.
    (iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots. 
Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or 
coleoptilar node within the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Thickened and shortened.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak seminal roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (d) Johnsongrass, sorghum, sorgrass, sorghum almum, sudangrass, and 
sorghum-sudangrass.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with endosperm. During germination 
the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the 
endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl usually elongates. 
Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the mesocotyl and 
coleoptile. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of 
growth and emergence of the leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root, usually with secondary roots 
developing within the test period. Adventitious roots may start to 
develop from the mesocotyl or coleoptilar node within the test period. 
Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the root.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Thickened and shortened.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Damaged or weak primary root with less than two strong 
secondary roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (e) Grasses and millets.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified 
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During 
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients 
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl may or may not 
elongate significantly, depending on the kind. Splitting of the 
coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the 
leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root. Secondary or adventitious 
roots may develop within the test period. In certain kinds (e.g. 
bermudagrass) the primary root may not be readily visible because it is 
coiled inside the tightly fitting lemma and palea. At the time of 
evaluation, the glumes should be removed and the root observed. Such 
seedlings are classified as normal if the primary root has developed. 
For Kentucky bluegrass, a primary root \1/16\ inch (1.6 mm) or more in 
length is classified as normal.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Short, thick, and grainy.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) Missing or defective primary root even if other roots are 
present.
    (B) Spindly, stubby, or watery primary root.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (D) Yellow (when grown in light).
    (E) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g. 
kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).


Sec. 201.56-6  Legume or pea family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae).

    Kinds of seed: Alfalfa, alyceclover, asparagusbean, beans 
(Phaseolus spp.), Florida beggarweed, black medic, broadbean, 
burclovers, buttonclover, chickpea, clovers (Trifolium spp.), cowpea, 
crotalarias, crownvetch, guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lentil, lespedezas, 
lupines, northern sweetvetch, peas, peanut, roughpea, sainfoin, 
sesbania, sourclover, soybean, sweetclovers, trefoils, velvetbean, and 
vetches.
    (a) Field bean, garden bean, lima bean, mung bean, asparagusbean, 
and cowpea.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl elongates, causing the 
terminal bud to emerge from between the cotyledons; the primary leaves 
expand rapidly.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) For garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris in part), remove any 
attached seed coats at the end of the test period for evaluation of 
cotyledons:
    (1) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (2) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (B) All other kinds:
    (1) Both missing and the seedling generally weak.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Deep open cracks.
    (C) Malformed, such as markedly curled or thickened.
    (D) Less than one primary leaf.
    (E) Primary leaves too small in proportion to the rest of the 
seedling, usually associated with visible defects of, or damage to, the 
main stem of the epicotyl.
    (F) Terminal bud missing or damaged. (If a few seedlings with total 
or partial decay to the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as 
normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on 
such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry 
environment and exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or sand, 
will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. (A 
healed break, sometimes referred to as a ``knee,'' is considered 
normal.)
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling orientation or 
constriction on or in the substratum.) (Hypocotyl collar rot is the 
breakdown of hypocotyl tissue initially characterized by a watery 
appearance and collapse of the hypocotyl below the cotyledonary node. 
The area later becomes discolored, shrivelled, and necrotic. The 
condition is caused by insufficient calcium available to the seedling. 
If hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings of garden bean, the 
sample involved shall be retested in accordance with 
Sec. 201.58(b)(12).)
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (A root bound within a tough seed coat is 
considered normal.)
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as the result of 
decay from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel 
and blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and 
Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings 
some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary 
infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may 
be advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (b) Adzuki bean, broadbean, chickpea, field pea, lentil, pea, 
roughpea, runner bean, velvetbean, and vetches.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy, and 
remain enclosed within the seed coat beneath the soil surface. They are 
usually not photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal 
bud and primary leaves above the soil surface. The stem bears one or 
more scale leaves and, prior to emergence, is arched near the apex, 
causing the terminal bud to be pulled through the soil; after 
emergence, the stem straightens. For practical purposes, the hypocotyl 
is not discernible and is not an evaluation factor. Buds in the axils 
of each cotyledon and scale leaf usually remain dormant unless the 
terminal bud is seriously damaged. In this case, one or more axillary 
buds may start to develop into a shoot. If the axillary shoot is well-
developed, it may be considered normal.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original tissue remaining attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original tissue free of necrosis or 
decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Malformed such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (D) Severely damaged (e.g. terminal bud missing or damaged) with 
only a weak shoot developing from the axil of a cotyledon or scale 
leaf.
    (E) Two weak and spindly shoots.
    (F) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (iii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary 
roots.
    (iv) Seedlings:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and 
blotter tests. Some pathogens can spread through the substratum and 
infect seedlings some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings 
with secondary infection are classified as normal. A retest in sand or 
soil may be advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (c) Soybean and lupine.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy; they 
expand and become photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The primary leaves usually increase 
in size and the epicotyl may elongate within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons.
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl.
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed. (If a few seedlings 
with partial decay of the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as 
normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on 
such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry 
environment and is exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or 
sand, will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. 
(Adventitious roots may occur at the site of injury, particularly on 
the hypocotyl and near the base of the cotyledons. The seedling is 
classified as normal if the injury is healed over and other essential 
structures are normal.)
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Hypocotyl development is slow until the roots start functioning. 
Caution should be exercised to ensure slow seedlings are not classified 
as abnormal. Hypocotyl stunting or curling also may be caused by 
seedling orientation or constriction on or in the substratum.)
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (Roots of seedlings on ``Kimpak'' with insufficient 
moisture may not become established and hypocotyl elongation may appear 
to be abnormal. There may be curling of the root and hypocotyl. When a 
number of seedlings are observed with this condition, the sample should 
be retested.)
    (v) Seedlings:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and 
blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and 
Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings 
some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary 
infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may 
be advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (d) Peanut.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy.
    (iii) Shoot system: The cotyledons are carried to the soil surface 
by the hypocotyl which is very thick, narrowing abruptly at the root. 
Elongation of the hypocotyl stops when the epicotyl is exposed to light 
at the soil surface. The primary leaves are compound and usually expand 
during the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots. 
Adventitious roots develop from the base of the hypocotyl if the 
primary root is damaged.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened or curled. (Hypocotyls 
remain somewhat thickened and may appear to be stunted. Light, depth of 
planting, and substratum moisture all contribute to the length of the 
hypocotyl. Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling 
orientation or constriction in the substratum. Seedlings planted in a 
soil test with the radicle too close to the surface may send roots 
above the soil and appear to exhibit negative geotropism and a 
distorted, U-shaped hypocotyl.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of 
primary infection.
    (B) Albino.
    (e) Alfalfa, alyceclover, Florida beggarweed, black medic, 
burclovers, buttonclover, milkvetch, clovers, crotalarias, crownvetch, 
guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lespedezas, northern sweetvetch, sainfoin, 
sesbania, sourclover, sweetclovers, and trefoils.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are small and fleshy; they 
expand and become photosynthetic. The cotyledons of sub clover develop 
elongated petioles.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long, tapering primary root, usually with root 
hairs. Secondary roots may or may not develop within the test period, 
depending on the kind.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached. (Breaks at the point of attachment of the cotyledons to the 
hypocotyl are common in seeds which have been mechanically damaged. It 
is important that seedlings not be removed during preliminary counts 
unless development is sufficient to allow the conditions of the 
cotyledons to be determined. If the point of attachment of the 
cotyledons cannot be seen at the end of the test, the seed coat should 
be peeled back to determine whether a break has occurred.)
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Seedlings of sainfoin which have been constricted by growing through 
the netting of the pod, but which are otherwise normal, are classified 
as normal.)
    (C) Weak and watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Primary root stubby. (The roots of sweetclovers may be stubby 
when grown on artificial substrata due to the presence of coumarin in 
the seed; since this condition usually does not occur in soil, such 
seedlings are classified as normal. Roots may appear stubby as a result 
of being bound by the seed coat; such seedlings are classified as 
normal. Crownvetch produces phytotoxic effects similar to 
sweetclovers.)
    (C) Split extending into the hypocotyl.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-7  Lily family, Liliaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Asparagus, chives, leek, onion, and Welsh onion.
    (a) Asparagus.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and 
non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon. The endosperm surrounds 
the entire embryo.
    (iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon; following 
germination, all but the basal end remains embedded in the endosperm to 
absorb nutrients.
    (iv) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal 
bud above the soil surface. The epicotyl may bear several small scale 
leaves. A short hypocotyl is barely distinguishable, joining the root 
to the basal end of the cotyledon. More than one shoot may arise 
simultaneously, and the seedling may be considered normal if at least 
one shoot is well-developed and has a terminal growing point, provided 
other essential structures are normal.
    (v) Root system: A long slender primary root.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledon:
    (A) Detached from seedling.
    (B) Deep open cracks at basal end.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Terminal bud missing or damaged.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (E) Spindly.
    (F) Watery.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) No primary root.
    (B) Stubby primary root with weak secondary roots.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.
    (b) Chives, leek, onion, Welsh onion.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and 
non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon.
    (iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon. The cotyledon 
emerges with the seed coat and endosperm attached to the tip. A sharp 
bend known as the ``knee'' forms; continued elongation of the cotyledon 
on each side of this knee pushes it above the soil surface. The 
cotyledon tip is pulled from the soil and straightens except for a 
slight kink which remains at the site of the knee.
    (iv) Shoot system: The first foliage leaf emerges through a slit 
near the base of the cotyledon, but this does not usually occur during 
the test period. The hypocotyl is a very short transitional zone 
between the primary root and the cotyledon, and is not distinguishable 
for purposes of seedling evaluation.
    (v) Root system: A long slender primary root with adventitious 
roots developing from the hypocotyl. The primary root does not develop 
secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledon:
    (A) Short and thick.
    (B) Without a definite bend or ``knee''.
    (C) Spindly or watery.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Not observed during the test period.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Not evaluated.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) No primary root.
    (B) Short, weak, or stubby primary root.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-8  Flax family, Linaceae.

    Kind of seed: Flax.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot. (Due to the mucilaginous 
nature of the seed coat, seedlings germinated on blotters may adhere to 
the blotter and appear to be negatively geotropic.)
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become 
photosynthetic.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-9  Mallow family, Malvaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Cotton, kenaf, and okra.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are convoluted in the seed; 
they expand and become thin, leaf-like, and photosynthetic.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may 
develop on the hypocotyl in cotton.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may 
develop on the root in cotton.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the 
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the 
conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (A cotton seedling with yellowish areas on the 
root or hypocotyl is classified as normal, provided the cotyledons are 
free of infection.)
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-10  Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

    Kind of seed: Castorbean.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are thin and leaf-like; 
endosperm (fleshy food-storage organs) usually persisting in the 
laboratory test.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl lengthens, carrying the cotyledons, 
endosperm, and epicotyl above the soil surface.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Endosperm:
    (i) Missing.
    (3) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing.
    (ii) Damaged or missing terminal bud.
    (4) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (5) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (6) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-11  Knotweed family, Polygonaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Buckwheat, rhubarb, and sorrel.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, starchy endosperm.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots developing 
within the test period for some kinds.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the 
conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.


Sec. 201.56-12  Miscellaneous plant families.

    Kinds of seed by family:

Carrot family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)--carrot, celery, celeriac, 
dill, parsley, parsnip;
Hemp family, Cannabaceae--hemp;
Dichondra family, Dichondraceae--dichondra;
Geranium family, Geraniaceae--alfilaria;
Mint family, Lamiaceae (Labiatae)--sage, summer savory;
Benne family, Pedaliaceae--sesame;
Rose family, Rosaceae--little burnet;
Nightshade family, Solanaceae--eggplant, tomato, husk tomato, 
pepper, tobacco; and
Valerian family, Valerianaceae--cornsalad.

    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons; endosperm may or may not be present, 
depending on the kind.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates, carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may or may not 
develop within the test period, depending on the kind.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (ii) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Missing or stubby primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.
    31. In Sec. 201.57a, paragraph (b) is revised and a new paragraph 
(c) is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.57a  Dormant Seeds.

* * * * *
    (b) The percentage of dormant seed, if present, shall be determined 
in addition to the percentage of germination for the following kinds: 
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus), 
bluestems (Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii, Androdogon gerardii var. 
paucipilus, Bothriochloa ischaemum, and Schizachyrium scoparium), 
bottlebrush-squirreltail (Elymus elymoides), buffalograss (Buchloe 
dactyloides), buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), galletagrass (Hilaria 
jamesii), forage kochia (Kochia prostrata), gramas (Bouteloua spp.), 
Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides), johnsongrass (Sorghum 
halepense), lovegrasses (Eragrostis spp.), mountain rye (Secale 
montanum), sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), smilo (Oryzopsis 
miliacea), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), veldtgrass (Ehrharta 
calycina), western wheatgrass (Elymus smithii), and yellow indiangrass 
(Sorghastrum nutans).
    (c) For green needlegrass (Stipa viridula), if the test result of 
method 2 is less than the result of method 1, subtract the result of 
method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as the percentage of 
dormant seed. Refer to Sec. 201.58(b)(7).
    32. Section 201.58 is amended by revising the introductory text, 
paragraphs (a)(5), (b)(1) through (b)(4), adding a new paragraph 
(b)(7); revising paragraphs (b)(10), (b)(12), Table 2, and adding a new 
paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec. 201.58  Substrata, temperature, duration of test, and certain 
other specific directions for testing for germination and hard seed.

    Specific germination requirements are set forth in table 2 to which 
the following paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) are applicable.
* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (5) Prechill. The term ``prechill'' means a cold, moist treatment 
applied to seeds to overcome dormancy prior to the germination test. 
The prechill method varies among kinds, but is usually performed by 
holding imbibed seeds at a low temperature for a specified period of 
time. The prechill period is not included in the duration of tests 
given in table 2, unless otherwise specified.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Alyce clover. (Alysicarpus vaginalis); swollen seeds. At the 
conclusion of the 21-day test period, carefully pierce the seed coat 
with a sharp instrument and continue the test for 5 additional days. 
Alternate method: The swollen seeds may be placed at 20 deg. C for 48 
hours and then at 35 deg. C for 3 additional days.
    (2) Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum); removal of glumes. On all 
varieties except ``Pensacola,'' remove the enclosing structures 
(glumes, lemma, and palea) from the caryopsis with the aid of a sharp 
scalpel. If the seed is fresh or dormant, lightly scratch the surface 
of the caryopsis.
    (3) Beet, Swiss chard (Beta); preparation of seed for test. Before 
the seeds are placed on the germination substratum, they shall be 
soaked in water for 2 hours, using at least 250 mL of water per 100 
seeds, then washed in running water and the excess water blotted off. 
The temperature of the soaking and washing water should be no lower 
than 20 deg. C. Samples producing excessive discoloration of the 
hypocotyl or root should be retested in soil or by washing in running 
water for 3 hours and testing on ``Kimpak,'' keeping the seed covered 
with slightly moist blotters. Sugar beets may require 16 hours soaking 
in water at 25 deg. C, followed by rinsing and then drying for 2 hours 
at room temperature.
    (4) Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris); alternate method for dormant 
seed. The caryopses shall be removed from the fascicles and placed on 
blotters moistened with a 0.2 percent solution of KNO3, in petri 
dishes. The seeds from a fascicle should be arranged so they will not 
be confused with seeds from other fascicles during the test. The seeds 
are then prechilled at 5 deg. C for 7 days and tested at 30 deg. C in 
light for 21 additional days. Firm ungerminated seeds remaining at the 
conclusion of the test should be scratched lightly and left in test for 
7 additional days.
* * * * *
    (7) Green needlegrass (Stipa viridula); two test methods as 
prescribed in table 2 shall be used on each sample:
    (i) For method 1, acid scarify 400 seeds for 10 minutes in 
concentrated sulfuric acid (95 to 98 percent H2SO4). Rinse 
seeds and dry on blotters for 16 hours, then place seeds on blotters 
moistened with a solution of 0.055 percent (500 ppm gibberellic acid 
GA3) and 0.46 percent (3,000 ppm) thiram and germinate 14 days.
    (ii) For method 2, plant 400 seeds on blotters moistened with a 0.2 
percent solution of KNO3 and germinate 14 days. Refer to 
Sec. 201.57a(c).
    (iii) Report the results of method 2 as the percentage germination. 
If the number in method 2 is less than method 1, subtract the results 
of method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as dormant seed.
* * * * *
    (10) Ryegrass (Lolium); fluorescence test. The germination test for 
fluorescence of ryegrass shall be conducted in light [not to exceed 100 
foot candles (1,076 lux)] with white filter paper as the substratum. 
The white filter paper should be nontoxic to the roots of ryegrass and 
of a texture that will resist penetration of ryegrass roots. Distilled 
or deionized water shall be used to moisten the filter paper. The test 
shall be conducted in a manner that will prevent the contact of roots 
of different seedlings. Roots of some seedlings produce fluorescent 
lines on white filter paper when viewed under ultraviolet light. First 
counts shall not be made before the eighth day; at that time remove 
only normal fluorescent seedlings. Evaluation of fluorescence shall be 
made under F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tubes in an area where 
light from other sources is excluded. If there are over 75 percent 
normal fluorescent seedlings present at the time of the first count, 
break the contact of the roots of the nonfluorescent seedlings from the 
substratum and reread the fluorescence at the time of the final count. 
At the final count, lift each remaining seedling, observing the path of 
each root since sometimes faint fluorescence will show on the 
substratum as the root is lifted. Abnormal seedlings and dead seeds are 
not evaluated for fluorescence. See Sec. 201.58a(a).
* * * * *
    (12) Garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); use of calcium nitrate. If 
hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings, the sample involved 
shall be retested using a 0.3 to 0.6 percent solution of calcium 
nitrate (CaNO3) to moisten the substratum.
* * * * *
    (c) Procedures for coated seed:
    (1) Germination tests on coated seed shall be conducted in 
accordance with methods in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. 
However, kinds for which soaking or washing is specified in paragraph 
(b) shall not be soaked or washed in the case of coated seed.
    (i) Coated seed units shall be placed on the substratum in the 
condition in which they are received without rinsing, soaking, or any 
other pretreatment.
    (ii) Coated seed units in mixtures which are color coded or can 
otherwise be separated by kinds shall be germinated as separate kinds 
without removing the coating material.
    (iii) Coated seed units in mixtures which cannot be separated by 
kinds without removing the coating material shall be de-coated and 
germinated as separate kinds. The coating material shall be removed in 
a manner that will not affect the germination capacity of the seeds.
    (2) The moisture level of the substratum is important. It may 
depend on the water-absorbing capacity of the coating material. A 
retest may be necessary before satisfactory germination of the sample 
is achieved.
    (3) Phytotoxic symptoms may be evident when germinating coated 
seeds in paper substrata. In such cases a retest in sand or soil may be 
necessary.

                                                 Table 2.--Germination Requirements for Indicated Kinds                                                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    First    Final                          Additional directions                       
       Name of seed             Substrata     Temperature( deg.C)   count    count  --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     days     days     Specific requirements             Fresh and dormant seed         
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Agricultural Seed                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                        
    Agrotricum--x           B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     Agrotriticum.                                                                                               days.                                  
    Alfalfa--Medicago       B,T,S                              20        4     \1\7  See (b)(11)               ........................................
     sativa.                                                                                                                                            
    Alfilaria--Erodium      B,T                             20-30        3       14  Clip seeds...............  ........................................
     cicutarium.                                                                                                                                        
    Alyceclover--Alysicarp  B,T                                35        4    \1\21  See (b)(1) for swollen    ........................................
     us vaginalis.                                                                    seeds.                                                            
    Bahiagrass--paspalum    P,S                             20-35        7       28  Light; see (b)(2).......  See Sec. 201.57a.                       
     notatum: Var.                                                                                                                                      
     Pensacola.                                                                                                                                         
        All other vars....  P                               30-35        3       21  Light; remove glumes; see  Scratch caryopses; KNO3; see Sec.       
                                                                                      (b)(2).                   201.57a.                               
Barley--Hordeum vulgare...  B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill 5 days at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C  
                                                                                                                 or predry.                             
Barrelclover--Medicago      B,T                                20        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from bur;     ........................................
 truncatula.                                                                          see (b)(11).                                                     
Bean:                                                                                                                                                   
    Adzuki--Vigna           B,T,S                           20-30        4    \1\10                             ........................................
     angularis.                                                                                                                                         
    Field--Phaseolus        B,T,S,TC                    20-30; 25        5     \1\8                             ........................................
     vulgaris.                                                                                                                                          
    Mung--Vigna radiata...  B,T,S                           20-30        3     \1\7                             ........................................
Beet, field--Beta vulgaris  B,T,S                           20-30        3       14  See (b)(3)                ........................................
 subsp., vulgaris.                                                                                                                                      
Beet, sugar--Beta vularis   B,T,S                       20-30; 20        3       10  See (b)(3)                ........................................
 subsp., vulgaris.                                                                                                                                      
Beggarweed, Florida--       B,T                                30        5    \1\28                             ........................................
 Desmodium tortuosum.                                                                                                                                   
Bentgrass:                                                                                                                                              
    Colonial (incl. vars.   P                 15-30; 10-30; 15-25        7       28  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7   
     Astoria and                                                                                                 days.                                  
     Highland)--Agrostis                                                                                                                                
     capillaris.                                                                                                                                        
    Creeping--Agrostis      P                 15-30; 10-30; 15-25        7       28  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7   
     stolonifera var.                                                                                            days.                                  
     palustris.                                                                                                                                         
    Velvet--Agrostis        P                        15-25; 20-30        7       21  Light; KNO3                ........................................
     canina.                                                                                                                                            
    Bermudagrass--Cynodon   P                               20-35        7       21  Light; KNO3; see (a)(9).  ........................................
     dactylon var.                                                                                                                                      
     dactylon.                                                                                                                                          
    Bermudagrass, giant--   P                               20-35        7       21  Light; KNO3; see(a)(9)..  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 7 days and    
     Cynodon dactylon var.                                                                                       then test at 20-35 deg. C; continue    
     aridus.                                                                                                     tests of hulled seed for 14 days and of
                                                                                                                 unhulled seed for 21 days.             
Bluegrass:                                                                                                                                              
    Annual--Poa annua.....  P                               20-30        7       21  Light....................  ........................................
    Bulbous--Poa bulbosa..  P,S                                10       10       35  KNO3 or soil.............  Prechill all samples at 5 deg. C for 7  
                                                                                                                 days.                                  
    Canada--Poa compressa.  P                        15-25; 15-30       10       28  Light; KNO3..............  10-30 deg. C.                           
    Glaucantha--Poa         P                        15-25; 15-30       10       28  Light; KNO3                ........................................
     glaucantha.                                                                                                                                        
    Kentucky--Poa           P                        15-25; 15-30       10       28  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days.       
     pratensis All vars..                                                                                                                               
    Nevada--Poa nevadensis  P                               20-30        7       21  Light; KNO3                ........................................
    Rough--Poa trivialis..  P                               20-30        7       21  Light                      ........................................
    Texas--Poa arachnifera  P                               20-30        7       28  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks.       
    Wood--Poa nemoralis...  P                               20-30        7       28  Light                      ........................................
Bluejoint--Calamagrostis    TB,P                            15-25       10       21  Light and KNO3 optional..  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 5 days.        
 canadensis.                                                                                                                                            
Bluestem:                                                                                                                                               
    Big--Andropogon         P,TS                            20-30        7       14  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see   
     gerardii var.                                                                                               Sec. 201.57a.                          
     gerardii.                                                                                                                                          
    Little--Schizachyrium   P,TS                            20-30        7       14  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see   
     scoparium.                                                                                                  Sec. 201.57a.                          
    Sand--Andropogon        P,TS                            20-30        7       14  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see   
     gerardii var.                                                                                               Sec. 201.57a.                          
     paucipilus.                                                                                                                                        
    Yellow--Bothriochloa    P,TS                            20-30        5       14  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see   
     ischaemum.                                                                                                  Sec. 201.57a.                          
    Bottlebrush-            P,B                            20; 15       10       14  .........................  See Sec. 201.57a.                       
     squirreltail--Elymus                                                                                                                               
     elymoides.                                                                                                                                         
Brome:                                                                                                                                                  
    Field--Bromus arvensis  P,TB                     15-25; 20-30        6       14  Light....................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days.       
    Meadow--Bromus          B,T,TB                          20-30        6       14  Light optional             ........................................
     biebersteinii.                                                                                                                                     
    Mountain--Bromus        P                               20-30        6       14  Light                      ........................................
     marginatus.                                                                                                                                        
    Smooth--Bromus inermis  P,B,TB                          20-30        6       14  Light optional...........  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
                                                                                                                 days, then test at 30 deg. C for 9     
                                                                                                                 additional days.                       
Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor  B,T,S                           20-30        3       10                             ........................................
Buckwheat--Fagopyrum        B,T                             20-30        3        6                             ........................................
 esculentum.                                                                                                                                            
Buffalograss--Buchloe       P,TB,TS                         20-35        7       28  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 6 weeks; test  
 dactyloides: (Burs).                                                                                            14 additional days; see Sec. 201.57a.  
    (Caryopses)...........  P                               20-35        5       14  Light; KNO3..............  See Sec. 201.57a.                       
Buffelgrass--Cenchrus       S                                  30        7       28  Light; press fascicles     See  (b)(4); see Sec. 201.57a.         
 ciliaris.                                                                            into well-packed soil                                             
                                                                                      and prechill at 5 deg. C                                          
                                                                                      for 7 days.                                                       
Burclover, California-      B,T                                20        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from bur;     ........................................
 Medicago polymorpha.                                                                 see  (b)(11).                                                    
Burclover, spotted--        B,T                                20        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from bur;     ........................................
 Medicago arabica.                                                                    see  (b)(11).                                                    
Burnet, Little--            B,T                                15        5       14                             ........................................
 Sanguisorba minor.                                                                                                                                     
Buttonclover--Medicago      B,T                                20        4    \1\10  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
 orbicularis.                                                                                                                                           
Canarygrass--Phalaris       B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
 canariensis.                                                                                                                                           
Canarygrass, reed--         P                               20-30        5       21  Light; KNO3                ........................................
 Phalaris arundinacea.                                                                                                                                  
Carpetgrass--Axonopus       P                               20-35       10       21  Light....................  KNO3.                                   
 affinis.                                                                                                                                               
Castorbean--Ricinus         T,S                             20-30        7       14  Remove caruncle if mold    ........................................
 communis.                                                                            interferes with test.                                             
Chess, soft--Bromus         P                               20-30        7       14  Light....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7   
 hordeaceus.                                                                                                     days.                                  
Chickpea--Cicer arietinum.  T,S                             20-30        3     \1\7                             ........................................
Clover:                                                                                                                                                 
    Alsike--Trifolium       B,T,S                              20        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     hybridum.                                                                                                                                          
    Arrowleaf--Trifolium    B,T                            20; 15        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)              ........................................
     vesiculosum.                                                                                                                                       
    Berseem--Trifolium      B,T,S                              20        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     alexandrinum.                                                                                                                                      
    Cluster--Trifolium      B,T                                20        4    \1\10  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     glomeratum.                                                                                                                                        
    Crimson--Trifolium      B,T,S                              20        4     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     incarnatum.                                                                                                                                        
    Kenya--Trifolium        B,T,S                              20        3     \1\7                             ........................................
     semipilosum.                                                                                                                                       
    Ladino--Trifolium       B,T,S                              20        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     repens.                                                                                                                                            
    Lappa--Trifolium        B,T                                20        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     lappaceum.                                                                                                                                         
    Large hop--Trifolium    B,T                                20        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     campestre.                                                                                                                                         
    Persian--Trifolium      B,T                                20        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     resupinatum.                                                                                                                                       
    Red--Trifolium          B,T,S                              20        4     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     pratense.                                                                                                                                          
    Rose--Trifolium hirtum  B,T                                20        4    \1\10  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
    Small hop--Trifolium    B,T                                20        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     dubium.                                                                                                                                            
    Strawberry--Trifolium   B,T                                20        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     fragiferum.                                                                                                                                        
    Sub--Trifolium          B,T                                20        4    \1\14  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     subterraneum.                                                                                                                                      
    White--Trifolium        B,T,S                              20        3     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  15 deg. C.                              
     repens.                                                                                                                                            
Corn:                                                                                                                                                   
    Field--Zea mays.......  B,T,S,TC                    20-30; 25        4        7                             ........................................
    Pop--Zea mays.........  B,T,S,TC                    20-30; 25        4        7                             ........................................
Cotton--Gossypium spp.....  B,T,S                       20-30; 30        4    \1\12  .........................  Test by alternate method; see  (b)(5). 
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata   B,T,S                           20-30        5     \1\8                             ........................................
 subsp. unguiculata.                                                                                                                                    
Crambe--Crambe abyssinica.  T                                  25        3        7                             ........................................
Crested dogtail--Cynosurus  P                               20-30       10       21  Light....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 cristatus.                                                                                                      days.                                  
Crotalaria:                                                                                                                                             
    Lance--Crotalaria       B,T,S                           20-30        4    \1\10                                                                     
     lanceolata.                                                                                                                                        
    Showy--Crotalaria       B,T,S                           20-30        4    \1\10                                                                     
     spectabilis.                                                                                                                                       
    Slenderleaf--Crotalari  B,T,S                           20-30        4    \1\10                                                                     
     a brevidens var.                                                                                                                                   
     intermedia.                                                                                                                                        
    Striped--Crotalaria     B,T,S                           20-30        4    \1\10                                                                     
     pallida.                                                                                                                                           
    Sunn--Crotalaria        B,T,S                           20-30        4    \1\10                                                                     
     juncea.                                                                                                                                            
Crownvetch--Coronilla       B,T,S                              20        7    \1\14                                                                     
 varia.                                                                                                                                                 
Dallisgrass--Paspalum       P                               20-35        7       21  Light; KNO3..............                                          
 dilatatum.                                                                                                                                             
Dichondra--Dichondra        B,T                             20-30        7    \1\28                                                                     
 repens.                                                                                                                                                
Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus  P                         5-35; 15-35        5       14  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 4 weeks; see   
 cryptandrus.                                                                                                    Sec. 201.57a.                          
Emmer--Triticum dicoccon..  B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
                                                                                                                 days or predry.                        
Fescue:                                                                                                                                                 
    Chewings--Festuca       P                               15-25        7       21  Light and KNO3 optional..  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     rubra subsp.                                                                                                days.                                  
     commutata.                                                                                                                                         
    Hair-Festuca            P                               10-25       10       28  KNO3.....................                                          
     tenuifolia.                                                                                                                                        
    Hard--Festuca           P                               15-25        7       21  Light and KNO3 optional..                                          
     trachyphylla.                                                                                                                                      
    Meadow--Festuca         P                        15-25; 20-30        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional..                                          
     pratensis.                                                                                                                                         
    Red--Festuca rubra      P                               15-25        7       21  Light and KNO3 optional..                                          
     subsp. rubra.                                                                                                                                      
    Sheep--Festuca ovina    P                               15-25        7       21  Light and KNO3 optional..                                          
     var. ovina.                                                                                                                                        
    Tall--Festuca           P                        15-25; 20-30        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional..  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     arundinacea.                                                                                                days and test for 21 days.             
Flax--Linum usitatissimum.  B,T,S                           20-30        3        7                                                                     
Galletagrass--Hilaria       P,B                     20; 25; 20-30        4       10  .........................  See Sec. 201.57a.                       
 jamesii.                                                                                                                                               
Grama:                                                                                                                                                  
    Blue--Bouteloua         P,TB                            20-30        7       14  Light....................  KNO3; see Sec. 201.57a.                 
     gracilis.                                                                                                                                          
    Side-oats--Bouteloua    P                               15-30        7       14  Light; KNO3..............  See Sec. 201.57a.                       
     curtipendula.                                                                                                                                      
Guar--Cyamopsis             B,T,S                       30; 20-30        5    \1\14                                                                     
 tetragonoloba.                                                                                                                                         
Guineagrass--Panicum        P                               15-35       10       28  Light; KNO3 optional.....                                          
 maximum var. maximum.                                                                                                                                  
Hardinggrass--Phalaris      P                               10-30        7       28  Light....................  KNO3.                                   
 stenoptera.                                                                                                                                            
    Alternate method......  P                               15-25        7       14  Light; presoak at 15 deg.  ........................................
                                                                                      C for 24 hrs.                                                     
Hemp--Cannabis sativa.....  B,T                             20-30        3        7                                                                     
Indiangrass, yellow--       P,TS                            20-30        7       14  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see   
 Sorghastrum nutans.                                                                                             Sec. 201.57a.                          
Indigo, hairy--Indigofera   B,T                             20-30        5    \1\14                                                                     
 hirsuta.                                                                                                                                               
Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia  P                               35-20       10       28  Light; KNO3                ........................................
 japonica.                                                                                                                                              
Johnsongrass--Sorghum       P                               20-35        7       35  Light....................  KNO3; See Sec. 201.57a.                 
 halepense.                                                                                                                                             
Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus  T,B                             20-30        4     \1\8                                                                     
Kochia, forage--Kochia      P                                  20        4       14  .........................  See Sec. 201.57a.                       
 prostrata.                                                                                                                                             
Kudzu--Pueraria montana     B,T                             20-30        5    \1\14                                                                     
 var. lobata.                                                                                                                                           
Lentil--Lens culinaris....  B,T                                20        5    \1\10                                                                     
Lespedeza:                                                                                                                                              
    Korean--Kummerowia      B,T,S                           20-35        5    \1\14                                                                     
     stipulacea.                                                                                                                                        
    Sericea--Lespedeza      B,T,S                           20-35        7    \1\21                                                                     
     cuneata.                                                                                                                                           
    Siberian--Lespedeza     B,T,S                           20-35        7    \1\21                                                                     
     juncea.                                                                                                                                            
    Striate--Kummerowia     B,T,S                           20-35        7    \1\14                                                                     
     striata.                                                                                                                                           
Lovegrass, sand--           P                               20-30        5       14  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 6   
 Eragrostis trichodes.                                                                                           weeks; see Sec. 201.57a.               
Lovegrass, weeping--        P                               20-35        5       14  Light....................  KNO3; see Sec. 201.57a.                 
 Eragrostis curvula.                                                                                                                                    
Lupine:                                                                                                                                                 
    Blue--Lupinus           B,T,S                              20        4    \1\10                             ........................................
     angustifolius.                                                                                                                                     
    White--Lupinus albus..  B,T                                20        3    \1\10                             ........................................
    Yellow--Lupinus luteus  B,T                                20        7    \1\10                             ........................................
Manilagrass--Zoysia         P                               35-20       10       28  Light; KNO3                ........................................
 matrella.                                                                                                                                              
Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus  P                               20-30        7       14  Light                      ........................................
 pratensis.                                                                                                                                             
Medic, black--Medicago      B,T, S                             20        4     \1\7  See  (b)(11)              ........................................
 lupulina.                                                                                                                                              
Milkvetch--Astragalus       B,T                                20        6    \1\14                             ........................................
 cicer.                                                                                                                                                 
    Alternate method......  B,TB,T                          15-25       10    \1\21                             ........................................
Millet:                                                                                                                                                 
    Browntop--Brachiaria    B,P,T                       20-30; 30        4       14  Light and KNO3 optional..  Predry at 35 deg. or 40 deg. C for 7    
     ramosa.                                                                                                     days and test at 30 deg. C.            
        Alternate method..  B,P,T                            5-35        4       14  Light; KNO3                ........................................
    Foxtail--Setaria        B,T                      15-30; 20-30        4       10                             ........................................
     italica.                                                                                                                                           
    Japanese--Echinochloa   B,T                             20-30        4       10                             ........................................
     frumentacea.                                                                                                                                       
    Pearl--Pennisetum       B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
     glaucum.                                                                                                                                           
    Proso--Panicum          B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
     miliaceum.                                                                                                                                         
Molassesgrass--Melinis      P                               20-30        7       21  Light                      ........................................
 minutiflora.                                                                                                                                           
Mustard:                                                                                                                                                
    Black--Brassica nigra.  P                               20-30        3        7  Light....................  KNO3 and prechill at 10 deg. C for 3    
                                                                                                                 days.                                  
    India--Brassica juncea  P                               20-30        3        7  Light....................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 7 days and    
                                                                                                                 test for 5 days; KNO3.                 
    White-Sinapis alba....  P                               20-30        3        5  Light                      ........................................
Napiergrass--Pennisetum     B,T                             20-30        3       10                             ........................................
 purpureum.                                                                                                                                             
Needlegrass, green--stipa                                                                                                                               
 viridula:                                                                                                                                              
    Method 1..............  P                               15-30        7       14  H2SO4, GA3 and thiram;     ........................................
                                                                                      dark; see  (b)(7).                                               
    Method 2..............  P                               15-30        7       14  KNO3; dark; see  (b)(7).  ........................................
Oat--Avena spp............  B,T,S                          20; 15        5       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
                                                                                                                 days and test for 7 days or predry and 
                                                                                                                 test for 10 days.                      
Oatgrass, tall--            P                               20-30        6       14  Light                      ........................................
 Arrhenatherum elatius.                                                                                                                                 
Orchardgrass--Dactylis      P.TS                            15-25        7       21  Light; germination more    Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7   
 glomerata.                                                                           rapid on soil.             days.                                  
Panicgrass, blue--Panicum   P,TS                            20-30        7       28  Light                      ........................................
 antidotale.                                                                                                                                            
Panicgrass, green--Panicum  P                               15-35       10       28  Light; KNO3 optional.....  ........................................
 maximum var. trichoglume.                                                                                                                              
Pea, field--Pisum sativum.  B,T,S                              20        3     \1\8                             ........................................
Peanut--Arachis hypogaea..  B,T,S                       20-30; 25        5    \1\10  Remove shells............  Ethephon or ethylene; see  (a)(10) and 
                                                                                                                 (11).                                  
Rape:                                                                                                                                                   
    Annual--Brassica napus  B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
     var. annua.                                                                                                                                        
    Bird--Brassica rapa...  P                               20-30        3       10  Light....................  KNO3.                                   
    Turnip--Brassica rapa.  B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
    Winter--Brassica napus  B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
     var. biennis.                                                                                                                                      
Redtop--Agrostis gigantea.  P,TB                            20-30        5       10  Light....................  KNO3.                                   
Rescuegrass--Bromus         P,S                             10-30        7       28  Light; see  (b)(8) for    In soil at 15 deg. C.                   
 catharticus.                                                                         alternate method.                                                 
Rhodesgrass--Chloris        P                               20-30        6       14  Light; KNO3                ........................................
 gayana.                                                                                                                                                
Rice--Oryza sativa........  T,S                         20-30; 30        5       14  See  (b)(9) for           Presoak; see  (b)(9).                  
                                                                                      alternate method.                                                 
Ricegrass, Indian--         P                                  15        7       42  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 4 weeks and    
 Oryzopsis hymenoides.                                                                                           test for 21 additional days; see Sec.  
                                                                                                                 201.57a.                               
    Alternate method......  S                     5-15; 15; 15-25        7       28  .........................  Dark; prechill in soil at 5 deg. C for 4
                                                                                                                 weeks; see Sec. 201.57a.               
Roughpea--Lathyrus          B,T                                20        7    \1\14                             ........................................
 hirsutus.                                                                                                                                              
Rye--Secale cerale........  B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
                                                                                                                 days or predry.                        
Rye, mountain--Secale       B,T                            20; 15        4        7  .........................  See Sec. 201.57a.                       
 montanum.                                                                                                                                              
Ryegrass:                                                                                                                                               
    Annual--Lolium          P,TB                            15-25        5       14  Light optional; see       Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg. or 10   
     multiflorum.                                                                     (b)(10) for fluorscence    deg. C for 5 days and test at 15-25    
                                                                                      test.                      deg. C; if still dormant prechill for 3
                                                                                                                 days and continue test at 15-25 deg. C 
                                                                                                                 an additional 4 days.                  
    Intermediate--Lolium x  P,TB                            15-25        7       14  Light....................  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
     hybridum.                                                                                                   for 5 days and test at 15-25 deg. C; if
                                                                                                                 still dormant rechill for 3 days and   
                                                                                                                 continue test at 15-25 deg. C an       
                                                                                                                 additional 4 days.                     
    Perennial--Lolium       P,TB                            15-25        5       14  Light optional; see       Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg. or 10   
     perenne.                                                                         (b)(1) for fluorescence    deg. C for 5 days and test at 15-25    
                                                                                      test.                      deg. C; if still dormant rechill for 3 
                                                                                                                 days and continue test at 15-25 deg. C 
                                                                                                                 an additional 4 days.                  
    Wimmera--Lolium         P,TB                     15-25; 20-30        5       14  Light optional...........  Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg. or 10   
     rigidum.                                                                                                    deg. C for 5 days and test at 15-25    
                                                                                                                 deg. C; if still dormant rechill for 3 
                                                                                                                 days and continue test at 15-25 deg. C 
                                                                                                                 an additional 4 days.                  
Safflower--Carthamus        P,B,T,S                        15; 20        4       14  Light at 15 deg. C         ........................................
 tinctorius.                                                                                                                                            
Sagewort, Louisiana--       P                               15-25        7       14  Light                      ........................................
 Artemisia ludoviciana.                                                                                                                                 
Sainfoin--Onobrychis        B,T                             20-30        4    \1\14                             ........................................
 viciifolia.                                                                                                                                            
Saltbush, fourwing--        B                                  20        5       14  See  (b)(13)............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 7 days.        
 Atriplex canescens.                                                                                                                                    
    Alternate method......  B                                  15  .......       21                             ........................................
Sesame--Sesamum indicum...  B,T,TB                          20-30        3        6                             ........................................
Sesbania--Sesbania          B,T                             20-30        5     \1\7                             ........................................
 exaltata.                                                                                                                                              
Smilo--Oryzopsis miliacea.  P                               20-30        7       42  Light....................  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see   
                                                                                                                 Sec. 201.57a.                          
Sorghum:                                                                                                                                                
    Grain and Sweet--       B,T,S                           20-30        4       10  .........................  Prechill grain vars. at 5 deg. or 10    
     Sorghum bicolor.                                                                                            deg. C for 5 days; test sweet vars. at 
                                                                                                                 30-45 deg. C, maintaining 45 deg. C for
                                                                                                                 2-4 hours per day.                     
Sorghum almum--Sorghum x    T,S                      20-30; 15-35        5       21  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 5 days; on the 
 almum.                                                                                                          10th day of test, clip or pierce the   
                                                                                                                 distal end of ungerminated seeds.      
Sorghum-sudangrass--        B,T,S                       20-30; 25        4       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
 Sorghum x drummondii.                                                                                           days.                                  
Sorgrass\2\...............  B,T,S                    15-35; 20-35        5       21  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7   
                                                                                                                 days.                                  
Sourclover--Melilotus       B,T                                20        3    \1\14  See  (b)(11)              ........................................
 indicus.                                                                                                                                               
Soybean--glycine max......  B,T,S,TC                    20-30; 25        5     \1\8                             ........................................
Spelt--Triticum spelta....  B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
                                                                                                                 days, or predry.                       
Sudangrass--Sorghum x       B,T,S                    20-30; 15-30        4       10  .........................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days.       
 drummondii.                                                                                                                                            
Sunflower (Cult.)--         T,B,                            20-30        3        7                             ........................................
 Helianthus annuus.                                                                                                                                     
Sweetclover:                                                                                                                                            
    White--Melilotus albus  B,T,S                              20        4     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  ........................................
    Yellow--Melilotus       B,T,S                              20        4     \1\7  See  (b)(11)............  ........................................
     officinalis.                                                                                                                                       
Sweet vernalgrass--         P                               20-30        6       14  Light....................  ........................................
 Anthoxanthum odoratum.                                                                                                                                 
Sweetvetchm northern--      B,TB,T                      15-25; 20       14    \1\28                             ........................................
 Hedysarum boreale.                                                                                                                                     
Switchgrass--Panicum        P,TS                            15-30        7       14  Light; KNO3..............  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see   
 virgatum.                                                                                                       Sec. 201.57a.                          
Timothy--Phleum pratense..  P,TB                     15-25; 20-30        5       10  Light; see  (a)(9)......  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
                                                                                                                 for 5 days.                            
Timothy, turf--Phleum       P,TB                     15-25; 20-30        5       10  Light....................  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
 bertolonii.                                                                                                     for 5 days.                            
Tabacco--Nicotiana tabacum  P,TB                            20-30        7       14  Light....................  ........................................
Trefoil:                                                                                                                                                
    Big--Lotus ulginosus..  B,T                                20        5    \1\12                             ........................................
    Birdsfoot--Lotus        B,P,T                              20        5    \1\12                             ........................................
     corniculatus.                                                                                                                                      
Triticale--x Triticosecale  B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
                                                                                                                 days, or predry.                       
Vaseygrass--Paspalum        P                               20-35        7       21  Light....................  KNO3.                                   
 urvillei.                                                                                                                                              
Veldtgrass--Ehrharta        P                               10-30        7       28  Light....................  See Sec. 201.571.                       
 calycina.                                                                                                                                              
Velvetbean--Mucuna          B,T,S,C                         20-30        3      114                                                                     
 pruriens var. utilis.                                                                                                                                  
Veltvetgrass--Holcus        P                               20-30        6       14  Light....................                                          
 lanatus.                                                                                                                                               
Vetch:                                                                                                                                                  
    Common--Vicia sativa    B,T                                20        5      110                                                                     
     subsp. sativa.                                                                                                                                     
    Hairy--Vicia villosa    B,T                                20        5      114                                                                     
     subsp. villosa.                                                                                                                                    
    Hungarian--Vicia        B,T                                20        5      110                                                                     
     pannonica.                                                                                                                                         
    Monantha--Vicia         B,T                                20        5      110                                                                     
     articulata.                                                                                                                                        
    Narrowleaf--Vicia       B,T                                20        5      114                                                                     
     sativa subsp. nigra.                                                                                                                               
    Purple--Vicia           B,T                                20        5      110                                                                     
     benghalensis.                                                                                                                                      
    Wollypod--Vicia         B,T                                20        5      114  .........................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days, test  
     villosa subsp. varia.                                                                                       at 15 deg. C.                          
Wheat:                                                                                                                                                  
    Common--Triticum        B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     aestivum.                                                                                                   days, or predry.                       
    Club--Triticum          B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     compactum.                                                                                                  days, or predry.                       
    Durum--Triticum durum.  B,T,S                          20; 15        4       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
                                                                                                                 days, or predry.                       
    Polish--Triticum        B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     polonicum.                                                                                                  days, or predry.                       
    Poulard--Triticum       B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     turgidum.                                                                                                   days, or predry.                       
Wheat x Agrotricum--        B,T,S                          20; 15        4        7  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
 Triticum x Agrotriticum.                                                                                        days, or predry.                       
Wheatgrass:                                                                                                                                             
    Beardless--Elytrigia    P,TB                            15-25        7       14  Light and KNO3 optional..  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
     spicata.                                                                                                    for 7 days.                            
    Fairway crested--       P,TB                     15-25; 20-30        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional..  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
     Agropyron cristatum.                                                                                        for 7 days.                            
    Standard crested--      P,TB                     15-25; 20-30        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional..  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
     Agropyron desertorum.                                                                                       for 7 days.                            
    Intermediate--Elytrigi  P                               15-25        5       28  Light and KNO3 optional..  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
     a intermedia subsp.                                                                                         for 7 days.                            
     intermedia.                                                                                                                                        
        Alternate method..  P                               20-30        5       28  Light                                                              
    Pubescent--Elytrigia    P                               15-25        5       28  Light and KNO3 optional..  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
     intermedia subsp.                                                                                           for 7 days.                            
     barbulata.                                                                                                                                         
        Alternate method..  P                               20-30        5       28  Light....................                                          
    Siberian--Agropyron     P,TB                           15-25;        7       14  Light and KNO3 optional..  KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
     fragile subsp.                                                                                              for 7 days.                            
     sibiricum.                                                                                                                                         
    Slender--Elymus         P,TB                     15-25; 10-30        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional..  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     trachycaulus.                                                                                               days; if still dormant on the 10th day,
                                                                                                                 rechill 2 days, then place at 20-30    
                                                                                                                 deg. C for 4 days.                     
    Streambank--Elytrigia   P                               15-25        5       14  Light and KNO3 optional..  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     dasystachya.                                                                                                days.                                  
    Tall Elytrigia          P                               15-25        5       21  Light and KNO3 optional..  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     dasystachya.                                                                                                days.                                  
        Alternate method..  P                               20-30        5       21  Light....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
                                                                                                                 days.                                  
    Western--Elymus         B,P,T                           15-30        7       28  Dark.....................  KNO3 or soil; see Sec. 201.57a.         
     smithii.                                                                                                                                           
Wildrye:                                                                                                                                                
    Basin--Leymus cinereus  P                               15-25       10       21  .........................  See Sec. 201.57a.                       
    Canada--Elymus          P                               15-30        7       21  Light....................  Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks.       
     canadensis.                                                                                                                                        
    Russian--Psathrostachy  P                               20-30        5       14  Light....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5   
     s juncea.                                                                                                   days.                                  
                                                                                                                                                        
      Vegetable Seed                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                        
Artichoke--Cynara scolymus  B,T                             20-30        7       21                                                                     
Asparagus--Asparagus        B,T,S                           20-30        7       21                                                                     
 officinalis.                                                                                                                                           
Asparagusbean--Vigna        B,T,S                           20-30        5       18                                                                     
 unguiculata subsp.                                                                                                                                     
 sesquipedalis.                                                                                                                                         
Bean:                                                                                                                                                   
    Garden--Phaseolus       B,T,S,TC                    20-30; 25     None       18  .........................  See (b)(12).                           
     vulgaris.                                                                                                                                          
    Lima--Phaseolus         B,T,C,S                         20-30        5        1                                                                     
     lunatus.                                                                                                                                           
    Runner--Phaseolus       B,T,S                           20-30        5     \1\9                             ........................................
     coccineus.                                                                                                                                         
Beet--Beta vulgaris subsp.  B,T,S                           20-30        3       14  See (b)(3)..............  ........................................
 vulgaris.                                                                                                                                              
Broadbean--Vicia faba.....  S,C                                20        4    \1\14  See (b)(11).............  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 3 days.       
Broccoli--Brassica          B,P,T                           20-30        3       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 oleracea var. botrytis.                                                                                         days; KNO3 and light.                  
Brussels sprouts--Brassica  B,P,T                           20-30        3       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 oleracea var. gemmifera.                                                                                        days; KNO3 and light.                  
Burdock, great--Arctium     B,T                             20-30        7       14                             ........................................
 lappa.                                                                                                                                                 
Cabbage--Brassica oleracea  B,P,T                           20-30        3       10  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10                                           
 var. capitata.                                                                       deg. C for 3 days; KNO3                                           
                                                                                      and light..                                                       
Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica  B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
 pekinensis.                                                                                                                                            
Cabbage, tronchuda--        B,P                             20-30        3       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 Brassica oleracea var.                                                                                          days; KNO3 and light.                  
 costata.                                                                                                                                               
Cardoon--Cynara             B,T                             20-30        7       21                             ........................................
 cardunculus.                                                                                                                                           
Carrot--Daucus carota var.  B,T                             20-30        6       14                             ........................................
 sativus.                                                                                                                                               
Cauliflower--Brassica       B,P,T                           20-30        3       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 oleracea var. botrytis.                                                                                         days; KNO3 and light.                  
Celeriac--Apium graveolens  P                           15-25; 20       10       21  Light; see (a)(9).......  ........................................
 var. rapaceum.                                                                                                                                         
Celery--Apium graveolens    P                           15-25; 20       10       21  Light; see (a)(9).......  ........................................
 var. dulce.                                                                                                                                            
Chard, Swiss--Beta          B,T,S                           20-30        3       14  See (b)(3)..............  ........................................
 vulgaris subsp. cicla.                                                                                                                                 
Chicory--Cichorium intybus  P,TS                            20-30        5       14  Light; KNO3 or soil; see   ........................................
                                                                                      (a)(9).                                                          
Chives--Allium              B,T                                20        6       14                             ........................................
 schoenoprasum.                                                                                                                                         
Citron--Citrullus lanatus   B,T                             20-30        7       14  Soak seeds 6 hrs.........  Test at 30 deg. C.                      
 var. citroides.                                                                                                                                        
Collards--Brassica olercea  B,P,T                           20-30        3       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 var. acephala.                                                                                                  days; KNO3 and light.                  
Corn, sweet--Zea mays.....  B,T,S,TC                    20-30; 25        4        7                             ........................................
Cornsalad--Valerianella     B,T                                15        7       28  .........................  Test at 10 deg. C.                      
 locusta.                                                                                                                                               
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata   B,T,S                           20-30        5     \1\8                             ........................................
 subsp. unguiculata.                                                                                                                                    
Cress:                                                                                                                                                  
    Garden--Lepidium        B,P,T                              15        4       10  .........................  Light.                                  
     sativum.                                                                                                                                           
    Upland--Barbarea verna  P,TB                            20-35        4        7  Light; KNO3                ........................................
    Water--Nasturtium       P                               20-30        4       14  .........................  Light.                                  
     officinale.                                                                                                                                        
Cucumber--Cucumis sativus.  B,T,S                           20-30        3        7  Keep substratum on dry     ........................................
                                                                                      side; see (a)(3).                                                
Dandelion--Taraxacum        P,TB                            20-30        7       21  Light; see (a)(9)         ........................................
 officinale.                                                                                                                                            
Dill--Anethum graveolens..  B,T                             20-30        7       21                             ........................................
Eggplant--Solanum           P,TB,RB,T                       20-30        7       14  .........................  Light; KNO3.                            
 melongena.                                                                                                                                             
Endive--Cichorium endivia.  P,TS                            20-30        5       14  Light; KNO3 or soil......  See (b)(6).                            
Gherkin, West India--       B,T,S                           20-30        3        7  .........................  Test at 30 deg. C.                      
 Cucumis anguria.                                                                                                                                       
Kale--Brassica oleracea     B,P,T                           20-30        3       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 var. acephala.                                                                                                  days; KNO3 and light.                  
Kale, Chinese--Brassica     B,P,T                           20-30        3       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 oleracea var. alboglabra.                                                                                       days; KNO3 and light.                  
Kale, Siberian--Brassica    B,P,T                       20-30; 20        3        7                             ........................................
 napus var. pabularia.                                                                                                                                  
Kohlrabi--Brassica          B,P,T                           20-30        3       10  .........................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3   
 oleracea var. gongylodes.                                                                                       days; KNO3 and light.                  
Leek--Allium porrum.......  B,T                                20        6       14                             ........................................
Lettuce--Lactuca sativa...  P                                  20     None        7  Light....................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 3 days or test
                                                                                                                 at 15 deg. C.                          
Melon--Cucumis melo.......  B,T,S                           20-30        4       10  Keep substratum on dry     ........................................
                                                                                      side; see (a)(3).                                                
Mustard, India--Brassica    P                               20-30        3        7  Light....................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 7 days and    
 juncea.                                                                                                         test for 5 additional days; KNO3.      
Mustard, spinach--Brassica  B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
 pervirdis.                                                                                                                                             
Okra--Abelmoschus           B,T                             20-30        4    \1\14                             ........................................
 esulentus.                                                                                                                                             
Onion--Allium cepa........  B,T                                20        6       10                             ........................................
    Alternate method......  S                                  20        6       12                             ........................................
Onion, Welsh--Allium        B,T                                20        6       10                             ........................................
 fistulosum.                                                                                                                                            
Pak-choi--Brassica          B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
 chinensis.                                                                                                                                             
Parsley--Petroselinum       B,T,TS                          20-30       11       28                             ........................................
 crispum.                                                                                                                                               
Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa.  B,T,TS                          20-30        6       28                             ........................................
Pea--Pisum sativum........  B,T,S                              20        5     \1\8                             ........................................
Pepper--Capsicum spp......  TB,RB,T                         20-30        6       14  .........................  Light and KNO3.                         
Pumpkin--Cucurbita maxima,  B,T,S                           20-30        4        7  Keep substratum on dry     ........................................
 C. moschata, and C. pepo.                                                            side; see (a)(3).                                                
Radish--Raphanus sativus..  B,T                                20        4        6                             ........................................
Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum  TB,TS                           20-30        7       21  Light....................  ........................................
Rutabaga--Brassica napus    B,T                             20-30        3       14                             ........................................
 var. napobrassica.                                                                                                                                     
Sage--Salvia officnalis...  B,T,S                           20-30        5       14                             ........................................
Salsify--Tragopogon         B,T                                15        5       10  .........................  Prechill at 10 deg. C for 3 days.       
 porrifolius.                                                                                                                                           
Savory, summer--Satureja    B,T                             20-30        5       21                             ........................................
 hortensis.                                                                                                                                             
Sorel--Rumex acetosa......  P,TB,TS                         20-30        3       14  Light....................  Test at 15 deg. C.                      
Soybean--Glycine max......  B,T,S,TC                    20-30; 25        5     \1\8                             ........................................
Spinach--Spinacia oleracea  TB,T                           15; 10        7       21  Keep substratum on dry     ........................................
                                                                                      side; see (a)(3).                                                
Spinach, New Zealand--      T                              15; 20        5       21  Soak fruits overnight (16  On 21st day scrape fruits and test for 7
 Tetragonia tetragoniodes.                                                            hrs), air dry 7 hrs;       additional days.                       
                                                                                      plant in very wet                                                 
                                                                                      towels; do not rewater                                            
                                                                                      unless later counts                                               
                                                                                      exhibit drying out.                                               
    Alternate method......  B,T                                15        5       21  Remove pulp from basal     ........................................
                                                                                      end of fruit.                                                     
Squash--Cucurbita           B,T,S                           20-30        4        7  Keep substratum on dry     ........................................
 moschata, C. maxima, and                                                             side; see (a)(3).                                                
 C. pepo.                                                                                                                                               
Tomato--Lycopersicon        B,P,RB,T                        20-30        5       14  .........................  Light; KNO3.                            
 esculentum.                                                                                                                                            
Tomato, husk--Physalis      P,TB                            20-30        7       28  Light; KNO3..............  ........................................
 pubsecens.                                                                                                                                             
Turnip--Brassica rapa.....  B,T                             20-30        3        7                             ........................................
Watermelon--Citrullus       B,T,S                       20-30; 25        4       14  Keep substratum on dry     Test at 30 deg. C.                      
 lanatus var. lanatus.                                                                side; see (a)(3).                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Hard seeds may be present. (See Sec. 201.57)                                                                                                         
\2\Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.                                                      

    33. Section 201.58a is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.58a  Indistinguishable seeds.

    When the identification of the kind, variety, or type of seed or 
determination that seed is hybrid is not possible by seed 
characteristics, identification may be based upon the seedling, growing 
plant or mature plant characteristics according to such authentic 
information as is available.
    (a) Ryegrass. In determining the pure seed percentage of perennial 
ryegrass and annual ryegrass, 400 seeds shall be grown on white filter 
paper and the number of fluorescent seedlings determined under 
ultraviolet light at the end of the germination period (see 
Sec. 201.58(b)(10)).
    (1) Fluorescence results are to be determined as test fluorescence 
level (TFL) to two decimal places as follows:

Number of normal fluorescent seedlings  x  100 = % TFL
Total number of normal seedlings

    (2) The percentage of perennial ryegrass is calculated as follows:

TP17MY94.000

where VFL = Variety fluorescence level.

    (3) Using the above formula, the percentage of annual ryegrass is 
calculated as follows:

% Annual Ryegrass = % Pure Ryegrass - % Perennial Ryegrass

    (4) If the test fluorescence level (TFL) of a perennial ryegrass is 
equal to or less than the variety fluorescence level (VFL) described 
for the variety, all pure ryegrass is considered to be perennial 
ryegrass and the formula is not applied.
    (5) If the test fluorescence level (TFL) of an annual ryegrass is 
equal to or greater than the variety fluorescence level (VFL) described 
for the variety, all pure ryegrass is considered to be annual ryegrass 
and the formula is not applied.
    (6) A list of variety fluorescence level (VFL) descriptions for 
perennial ryegrass varieties which are more than 0 percent fluorescent 
and annual ryegrass varieties which are less than 100 percent 
fluorescent is maintained and published by the National Grass Variety 
Review Board of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies 
(AOSCA). If the variety being tested is not stated or the fluorescence 
level has not been described, the fluorescence level shall be 
considered to be 0 percent for perennial ryegrass and 100 percent for 
annual ryegrass. Both VFL (annual) and VFL (perennial) values must 
always be entered in the formula. If a perennial ryegrass variety is 
being tested, the VFL (annual) value is 100 percent. If an annual 
ryegrass variety is being tested, the VFL (perennial) value is 0 
percent. For blends the fluorescence level shall be interpolated 
according to the portion of each variety claimed to be present.
    (b) Sweetclover. In determining admixtures of yellow sweetclover 
and white sweetclover, at least 400 seeds shall be subjected to the 
chemical test as follows:
    (1) Preparation of test solution: Add 3 grams of cupric sulfate 
(CuSO4) to 30 mL of household ammonia (NH4OH, approximately 
4.8 percent) in a stoppered bottle to form tetraamminecopper sulfate 
([Cu(NH3)4]SO4) solution used for this test. After 
mixing, a light blue precipitate of cupric hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) 
should form. If no precipitate forms, add additional CuSO4 until a 
precipitate appears. Since the strength of household ammonia can vary, 
formation of a precipitate indicates that a complete reaction has taken 
place between CuSO4 and NH4OH; otherwise fumes from excess 
ammonium hydroxide may cause eye irritation.
    (2) Preparation of seeds: To insure imbibition, scratch, prick, or 
otherwise scarify the seed coats of the sweetclover seeds being tested. 
Soak seeds in water for 2 to 5 hours in a glass container.
    (3) Chemical reaction: When seeds have imbibed, remove excess water 
and add enough test solution to cover the seeds. Seed coats of yellow 
sweetclover will begin to stain dark brown to black; seed coats of 
white sweetclover will be olive or yellow-green. Make the separation 
within 20 minutes, since the seed coats of white sweetclover will 
eventually turn black also.
    (4) Calculation of results: Count the number of seeds which stain 
dark brown or black and divide by the total number of seeds tested; 
multiply by the pure seed percentage for Melilotus spp.; the result is 
the percentage of yellow sweetclover in the sample. The percentage of 
white sweetclover is found by subtracting the percentage of yellow 
sweetclover from the percentage of Melilotus spp. pure seed.
    (c) Wheat. From the pure seed sample count four replicates of 100 
seeds each. Soak the seed in distilled water for 16 hours; then flush 
with tap water and remove the excess water from the surface of the 
seeds. Place two layers of filter paper in a container and moisten with 
a 1 percent phenol (C6H5OH) solution. Place the seed, palea 
side down, on the two layers of filter paper and cover the container. A 
preliminary observation may be made at 2 hours. At 4 hours, record the 
number of seeds in each of the following color categories:
    (1) Ivory.
    (2) Fawn.
    (3) Light Brown.
    (4) Brown.
    (5) Brown Black.
    (d) Soybean. In determining the varietal purity, the peroxidase 
test may be used. Remove and place the dry seed coat from seeds into 
individual test tubes or suitable containers. Add 10 drops (0.5-1.0 mL) 
of 0.5 percent guaiacol (C7H8O2) to each test tube. 
After waiting 10 minutes add one drop (about 0.1 mL) of 0.1 percent 
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). One minute after adding hydrogen 
peroxide, record the seed coat as peroxidase positive (high peroxidase 
activity) indicated by a reddish-brown solution or peroxidase negative 
(low peroxidase activity) indicated by a colorless solution in the test 
tube. Various sample sizes may be used for this test. Test results 
shall include the sample size tested.
    (e) Oat. In determining the varietal purity, the fluorescence test 
may be used. Place at least 400 seeds on a black background under a 
F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tube(s) in an area where light from 
other sources is excluded. Seeds are considered fluorescent if the 
lemma or palea fluoresce or appear light in color. ``Partially 
fluorescent'' seeds shall be considered fluorescent. Seeds are 
considered nonfluorescent if the lemma and palea do not fluoresce and 
appear dark in color under the ultraviolet light.
    34. A new Sec. 201.58d is added to read as follows:


Sec. 201.58d  Fungal endophyte test.

    A fungal endophyte test may be used to determine the amount of 
fungal endophyte (Acremonium spp.) in certain grasses.
    (a) Method of preparation of aniline blue stain for use in testing 
grass seed and plant material for the presence of fungal endophyte:
    (1) Prepare a 1 percent aqueous aniline blue solution by dissolving 
1 gram aniline blue in 100 mL distilled water.
    (2) Prepare the endophyte staining solution of one part of 1 
percent aniline blue solution with 2 parts of 85 percent lactic acid 
(C3H6O3).
    (3) Use stain as-is or dilute with water if staining is too dark.
    (b) Procedure for determining levels of fungal endophyte in grass 
seed:
    (1) Take a sub-sample of seed (1 gram is sufficient) from the pure 
seed portion of the kind under consideration.
    (2) Digest seed at room temperature for 12-16 hours in a 5 percent 
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or other temperature/time combination 
resulting in adequate seed softening.
    (3) Rinse thoroughly in running tap water.
    (4) De-glume seeds and place on a microscope slide in a drop of 
endophyte staining solution. Slightly crush the seeds. Use caution to 
prevent carryover hyphae of fungal endophyte from one seed to another.
    (5) Place coverglass on seed and apply gentle pressure.
    (6) Examine with compound microscope at 100-400 x  magnification, 
scoring a seed as positive if any identifiable hyphae are present.
    (7) Various sample sizes may be used for this test. Precision 
changes with sample size; therefore, the test results must include the 
sample size tested.
    (c) Procedure for determining levels of fungal endophyte in 
seedlings from seed samples suspected to contain fungal endophyte:
    (1) Select seeds at random and germinate.
    (2) Examine seedlings from the sample germinated after growing for 
a minimum of 48 days.
    (3) Remove the outermost sheath from the seedling. Tissue should 
have no obvious discoloration from saprophytes and should have as 
little chlorophyll as possible.
    (4) Isolate a longitudinal section of leaf sheath approximately 3-5 
mm in width.
    (5) Place the section on a microscope slide with the epidermis side 
down.
    (6) Stain immediately with the endophyte staining solution as 
prepared in paragraph (a)(2) and (3) of this section. Allow dye to 
remain at least 15 seconds but no more than one minute.
    (7) Blot off the excess dye with tissue paper. Sections should 
remain on the slide, but may adhere to the tissue paper; if so, remove 
and place in proper position on the slide.
    (8) Place a coverglass on the sections and flood with water.
    (9) Proceed with evaluation as described in paragraph (b) (6) and 
(7) of this section.
    35. In Sec. 201.60, paragraphs (a)(1) and (c) are revised to read 
as follows:


Sec. 201.60  Purity percentages.

    (a)(1) The tolerance for a given percentage of the purity 
components is the same whether for pure seed, other crop seed, weed 
seed, or inert matter. Wider tolerances are provided when 33 percent or 
more of the sample is composed of seed plus empty florets and/or empty 
spikelets of the following chaffy kinds: Wheatgrasses (Agropyron spp.); 
bentgrasses and redtop (Agrostis spp.); meadow foxtail (Alopecurus 
pratensis); bluestems (Andropogon spp.); sweet vernalgrass 
(Anthoxanthum odoratum); tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius); 
carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis); yellow bluestem (Bothriochloa 
ischaemum); gramas (Bouteloua spp.); bromes, rescuegrass, and soft 
chess (Bromus spp.); buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides); buffelgrass 
(Cenchrus ciliaris); rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana); bermudagrass and 
giant bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.); orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata); 
veldtgrass (Ehrharta calycina); bottlebrush-squirreltail, Canada 
wildrye, and wheatgrasses (Elymus spp.); wheatgrasses (Elytrigia spp.); 
fescues (Festuca spp.); galletagrass (Hilaria jamesii); basin wildrye 
(Leymus cinereus); ryegrasses (Lolium spp.); molassesgrass (Melinis 
minutiflora); Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides); guineagrass 
(Panicum maximum var. maximum); dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum); 
vaseygrass (Paspalum urvillei); bluegrasses (Poa spp.); Russian wildrye 
(Psathyrostachys juncea); little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium); 
and yellow indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans). The wider tolerances do 
not apply to seed devoid of hulls.
* * * * *
    (c) Tolerances calculated by the following formula shall be used 
for either chaffy or nonchaffy mixtures when the average particle-
weight ratio is 1.5:1 to 20:1 and beyond:

T=A-100R[(100A/R)/(B+A/R)-
T1]/[(100B)/(B+A/R)+T1]+R[(100A/R)/(B+A/R)-T1]

    The symbols used in the formula are as follows:

T = tolerance being calculated.
A = percent which the weight of the component with the heavier average 
particle-weight is of the weight of both components.
B = percent which the weight of the component with the lighter average 
particle-weight is of the weight of both components.
H = average particle-weight for the component with the heavier average 
particle-weight.
L = average particle-weight for the component with the lighter average 
particle-weight.
R = ratio of the average particle-weight for the component with the 
heavier average particle-weight to the average particle-weight for the 
component with the lighter average particle-weight. R=H/L.
T1 = regular tolerance for the kind of seed (chaffy or nonchaffy) 
and for (100B)/(B+A/R).

    In determining the values for A and B in the formula, the sample 
shall be regarded as composed of two parts:
    (1) The kind, type, or variety under consideration, and
    (2) All other components. Values for H and L shall be obtained from 
the last column of Table 1, Sec. 201.46, or by laboratory tests for 
inert matter, weed seeds, or crop seeds where such values are not 
obtainable from Table 1. In computing tolerances for nonchaffy kinds 
the values for T1 are taken from column C of Table 3, and for 
chaffy kinds the values for T1 are taken from column D of Table 3.


Sec. 201.61  [Amended]

    36. Section 201.61 is amended by removing ``2.4'' following the 
number ``3'' in the first table and adding ``2.8'' in its place and 
removing ``2.8'' following the number ``2'' and adding ``2.4'' in its 
place.


Sec. 201.62  [Amended]

    37. In Sec. 201.62, Table 4 is amended by removing in the ``100'' 
column ``4.0'' and adding ``4.6'' in its place.
    38. Section 201.76 and Table 5 are revised to read as follows:


Sec. 201.76  Minimum land, isolation, field, and seed standards.

    In the following Table 5 the figures in the ``Land'' column 
indicate the number of years that must elapse between the destruction 
of a stand of a kind and establishment of a stand of a specified class 
of a variety of the same kind. A certification agency may grant a 
variance in the land cropping history in specific circumstances where 
cultural practices have been proven adequate to maintain genetic 
purity. The figures in ``Isolation'' column indicate the distance in 
feet from any contamination source. The figures in the ``Field'' column 
indicate the minimum number of plants or heads in which one plant or 
head of another variety is permitted. The figure in the ``Seed'' column 
indicate the maximum percentage of seed of other varieties of off-types 
permitted in the cleaned seed.
      

                                                                         Table 5                                                                        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Foundation                                     Registered                                   Certified         
            Crop             ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Land     Isolation       Field      Seed    Land   Isolation     Field     Seed      Land      Isolation     Field Seed  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alfalfa:                                                                                                                                                
  Nonhybrid.................   \1\4     \44\\48\600                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\182.88m)       1,000      0.1   \1\3  \3\\44\\48\                                                            
                                                                                         300                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\91.44m                                                            
                                                                                           )        400   0.25      \1\\2\1  \44\\49\165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29m                
                                                                                                                                       )          1001.0
  Hybrid....................   \1\4       \43\1,320                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\402.34m)   \42\1,000      0.1  .....  ...........  .........  .....      \1\\2\1  \3\\43\\44\                
                                                                                                                                     165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29m                
                                                                                                                                       )      \42\1001.0
Barley:                                                                                                                                                 
  Nonhybrid.................   \7\1           \23\0       3,000     0.05   \7\1        \23\0      2,000    0.1         \7\1        \23\0        1,0000.2
  Hybrid....................  \30\1     \21\\32\660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)       3,000     0.05  \30\1  \21\\32\660                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\201.17                                                            
                                                                                          m)      2,000    0.1        \30\1  \21\\32\330                
                                                                                                                             (\59\100.59                
                                                                                                                                      m)    1,000\55\0.2
  Hybrid (chemically                                                                                                                                    
   assisted)................  .....  ..............  ..........  .......  .....  ...........  .........  .....        \57\0    \52\ \53\                
                                                                                                                                     330                
                                                                                                                                   (\59\                
                                                                                                                                100.59m)    \54\1,0000.2
Bean:                                                                                                                                                   
  Field and garden..........   \7\1           \23\0       2,000     0.05   \7\1        \23\0      1,000    0.1         \7\1        \23\0         5,000.2
  Mung......................   \7\1           \23\0       1,000      0.1   \7\1        \23\0        500    0.2         \7\1        \23\0         2,000.5
Broadbean...................   \7\1           \23\0       2,000     0.05   \7\1        \23\0      1,000    0.1         \7\1        \23\0         5,000.2
Buckwheat...................   \7\1             660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)       3,000     0.05   \7\1          660                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\201.17                                                            
                                                                                          m)      2,000    0.1         \7\1          660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)        1,0000.2
Clover all kinds............  \1\\9                                                                                                                     
                                 \5  \5\\18\\44\600                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\182.88m)       1,000      0.1  \1\\9                                                                         
                                                                             \3  \5\\18\\44\                                                            
                                                                                         300                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\91.44m                                                            
                                                                                           )        400   0.25      \1\\9\2  \18\\44\165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29)          1001.0
Corn:                                                                                                                                                   
  Backcross.................      0     \10\\11\660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)   \13\ \46\                                                                                         
                                                          1,000  \15\0.1                                                                                
  Inbred....................      0     \10\\11\660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)   \13\ \46\                                                                                         
                                                          1,000  \15\0.1                                                                                
  Foundation single cross...      0     \10\\11\660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)   \13\ \46\                                                                                         
                                                          1,000  \15\0.1                                                                                
  Hybrid....................  .....  ..............  ..........  .......  .....  ...........  .........  .....            0  \11\\12\660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)        1,0000.5
  Open-pollinated...........  .....  ..............  ..........  .......  .....  ...........  .........  .....            0    \11\ \12\                
                                                                                                                                     660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)          2000.5
  Sweet.....................  .....  ..............  ..........  .......  .....  ...........  .........  .....            0    \11\ \14\                
                                                                                                                                     660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)             0.5
Cotton......................      0           \19\0      10,000     0.03      0        \19\0      5,000   0.05            0        \19\0        1,0000.1
Cowpea......................   \7\1           \23\0       2,000      0.1   \7\1        \23\0      1,000    0.2         \7\1        \23\0          5000.5
Crambe......................   \7\1             660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)       2,000     0.05   \7\1      \24\660                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\201.17                                                            
                                                                                          m)      1,000    0.1         \7\1      \24\660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)         5000.25
CrownPvetch.................   \1\5      \5\\44\600                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\182.88m)       1,000      0.1   \1\3   \5\\44\300                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\91.44m                                                            
                                                                                           )        400   0.25         \1\2   \6\\44\165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29)          1001.0
Flatpea.....................   \1\4      \5\\44\600                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\182.88m)       1,000      0.1   \1\3  \3\\5\\44\3                                                            
                                                                                          00                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\91.44m                                                            
                                                                                           )        400   0.25      \1\\2\1   \3\\44\165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29m                
                                                                                                                                       )          1001.0
Flax........................   \7\1           \23\0       5,000     0.05   \7\1        \23\0      2,000    0.1         \7\1        \23\0        1,0000.2
Grasses:                                                                                                                                                
  Cross-pollinated..........  \57\5  \4\\18\\20\900                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\274.32m)       1,000      0.1  \8\\5                                                                         
                                                                            7\1  \4\\18\\20\                                                            
                                                                                         300                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\91.44m                                                            
                                                                                           )        100    1.0     \8\\57\1  \4\\18\\20\                
                                                                                                                                 \58\165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29m                
                                                                                                                                       )   50\47\\50\2.0
  Strains at least 80                                                                                                                                   
   percent apomictic and                                                                                                                                
   highly self-fertile                                                                                                                                  
   species..................  \57\5   \4\\18\\20\60                                                                                                     
                                       (\59\18.29m)       1,000      0.1  \8\\5                                                                         
                                                                            7\1  \4\\18\\20\                                                            
                                                                                          30                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\9.14m)        100    1.0     \8\\57\1  \4\\18\\20\                
                                                                                                                                  \58\15                
                                                                                                                             (\59\4.57m)       50\16\2.0
Lespedeza...................   \1\5           \4\10                                                                                                     
                                        (\59\3.05m)       1,000      0.1   \1\3        \4\10                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\3.05m)        400   0.25         \1\2        \4\10                
                                                                                                                             (\59\3.05m)          1001.0
Millet:                                                                                                                                                 
  Cross-pollinated..........   \8\1       \40\1,320                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\402.34m)  \27\20,000    0.005   \8\1    \40\1,320                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\402.34                                                            
                                                                                          m)  \27\10,00                                                 
                                                                                                      0   0.01         \8\1      \40\660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.71                
                                                                                                                                      m)   \27\5,0000.02
  Self-pollinated...........   \8\1           \23\0       3,000     0.05   \8\1        \23\0      2,000    0.1         \8\1        \23\0        1,0000.2
Mustard.....................      4           1,320                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\402.34m)       2,000     0.05  .....  ...........  .........  .....            2      \24\660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)         5000.25
Oat.........................   \7\1           \23\0       3,000      0.2   \7\1        \23\0      2,000    0.3         \7\1        \23\0        1,0000.5
Okra........................   \7\1           1,320                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\251.46m)       \27\0      0.0   \7\1        1,320                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\402.34                                                            
                                                                                          m)  \27\2,500    0.5         \7\1          825                
                                                                                                                             (\59\402.34                
                                                                                                                                      m)    \27\1,2501.0
Onion.......................   \7\1           5,280                                                                                                     
                                     (\59\1,609.36m                                                                                                     
                                                  )     \22\200      0.0   \7\1        2,640                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\804.66                                                            
                                                                                          m)    \22\200  \22\0                                          
                                                                                                            .5         \7\1        1,320                
                                                                                                                             (\59\402.34                
                                                                                                                                      m)  \22\200\22\1.0
Pea, field..................   \7\1           \23\0       2,000     0.05   \7\1        \23\0      1,000    0.1         \7\1        \23\0          5000.2
Peanut......................   \7\1           \23\0       1,000      0.1   \7\1        \23\0        500    0.2         \7\1        \23\0          2000.5
Pepper......................   \7\1         \25\200                                                                                                     
                                       (\59\60.96m)           0      0.0   \7\1      \25\100                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\30.48m                                                            
                                                                                           )        300    0.5         \7\1       \25\30                
                                                                                                                             (\59\9.14m)          1501.0
Rape:                                                                                                                                                   
  Cross-pollinated..........      4       \24\1,320                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\402.34m)       2,000     0.05  .....  ...........  .........  .....            2      \24\330                
                                                                                                                             (\59\100.59                
                                                                                                                                      m)         5000.25
  Self-pollinated...........      4         \24\660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)       2,000     0.05  .....  ...........  .........  .....            2      \24\330                
                                                                                                                             (\59\100.59                
                                                                                                                                      m)         5000.25
Rice........................   \7\1          \39\10                                                                                                     
                                        (\59\3.05m)      10,000     0.05   \7\1       \39\10                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\3.05m)      5,000    0.1         \7\1       \39\10                
                                                                                                                             (\59\3.05m)        1,0000.2
Rye.........................   \7\1         \18\660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)       3,000     0.05   \7\1      \18\660                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\201.17                                                            
                                                                                          m)      2,000    0.1         \7\1      \18\660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)        1,0000.2
Safflower...................   \7\2           1,320                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\402.34m)      10,000     0.01   \7\2        1,320                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\402.34                                                            
                                                                                          m)      2,000   0.05         \7\2        1,320                
                                                                                                                             (\59\402.34                
                                                                                                                                      m)        1,0000.1
Sainfoin....................   \1\5      \5\\44\600                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\182.88m)       1,000      0.1   \1\3   \5\\44\300                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\91.44m                                                            
                                                                                           )        400   0.25         \1\2   \6\\44\165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29m                
                                                                                                                                       )          1001.0
Sorghum:                                                                                                                                                
  Non- hybrid...............   \7\1             990                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.76m)  \27\50,000    0.005   \7\1          990                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\301.76                                                            
                                                                                          m)  \27\35,00                                                 
                                                                                                      0   0.01         \7\1      \29\660                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)  \27\20,0000.05
  Hybrid seedstock..........   \7\1             990                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\301.76m)  \27\50,000    0.005  .....  ...........  .........  .....  ...........  ...........  ..............
  Commercial hybrid.........  .....  ..............  ..........  .......  .....  ...........  .........   \7\1  \21\\29\\31                             
                                                                                                                       \660  \27\20,0000                
                                                                                                                                      .1                
                                                                                                                             (\59\201.17                
                                                                                                                                      m)                
Soybean.....................  \33\1           \23\0       1,000      0.1  \33\1        \23\0        500    0.2        \33\1        \23\0          2000.5
Sunflower:                                                                                                                                              
  Nonhybrid.................      1   \41\\45\2,640                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\804.66m)         200     0.02      1  \41\\45\2,6                                                            
                                                                                          40                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\804.66                                                            
                                                                                          m)        200   0.02            1  \41\\45\2,6                
                                                                                                                                      40      200\34\0.1
  Hybrid....................      1   \41\\45\2,640                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\804.66m)     \35\250  \56\0.0                                                                                
                                                                       2  .....  ...........  .........  .....            1  \41\\45\2,6                
                                                                                                                                      40                
                                                                                                                             (\59\804.66                
                                                                                                                                      m)    \35\250 \34\
                                                                                                                                                \56\ 0.1
Tomato......................   \7\1         \25\200                                                                                                     
                                       (\59\60.96m)           0        0   \7\1      \25\100                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\30.48m                                                            
                                                                                           )        300    0.5         \7\1       \25\30                
                                                                                                                             (\59\9.14m)          1501.0
Tobacco:                                                                                                                                                
  Nonhybrid.................  \36\0         \37\150                                                                                                     
                                       (\59\45.72m)           0     0.01  \36\0      \37\150                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\45.72m                                                            
                                                                                           )          0   0.01        \36\0      \37\150                
                                                                                                                             (\59\45.72m                
                                                                                                                                       )           00.01
  Hybrid....................  .....  ..............  ..........  .......  .....  ...........  .........  .....        \36\0      \38\150                
                                                                                                                             (\59\45.72m                
                                                                                                                                       )           00.01
Trefoil, birdsPfoot.........   \1\5     \5\,\44\600                                                                                                     
                                       \59\182.88m)       1,000      0.1   \1\3  \5\,\44\300                                                            
                                                                                 \59\91.44m)        400   0.25         \1\2  \6\,\44\165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29m                
                                                                                                                                       )          1001.0
Triticale...................   \7\1           \23\0       3,000     0.05   \7\1        \23\0      2,000    0.1         \7\1        \23\0        10,000.2
Vetch.......................  \1\,\                                                                                                                     
                                7\5     \17\,\44\10                                                                                                     
                                        (\59\3.05m)       1,000      0.1  \1\,\                                                                         
                                                                            7\3  \17\,\44\10                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\3.05m)        400   0.25     \1\,\7\2  \17\,\44\10                
                                                                                                                             (\59\3.05m)          1001.0
Vetch, milk.................   \1\5     \5\,\44\600                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\182.88m)       2,000     0.05   \1\3  \5\,\44\300                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\91.44m                                                            
                                                                                           )      1,000    0.1         \1\2      \44\165                
                                                                                                                             (\59\50.29m                
                                                                                                                                       )          2000.5
Watermelon..................   \7\1       \26\2,640                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\804.66m)       \28\0        0   \7\1    \26\2,640                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\402.34                                                            
                                                                                          m)      \28\0    0.5         \7\1    \26\1,320      \28\5001.0
Wheat:                                                                                                                                                  
  Nonhybrid.................   \7\1           \23\0       3,000     0.05   \7\1        \23\0      2,000    0.1         \7\1        \23\0        10,000.2
  Hybrid....................  \30\1    \21\,\32\660                                                                                                     
                                      (\59\201.17m)       3,000     0.05  \30\1  \21\,\32\66                                                            
                                                                                           0                                                            
                                                                                 (\59\201.17                                                            
                                                                                          m)      2,000    0.1        \30\1  \21\,\32\33                
                                                                                                                                       0                
                                                                                                                             (\59\100.59                
                                                                                                                                      m)        10,000.2
  Hybrid (Chemically                                                                                                                                    
   assisted)................  .....  ..............  ..........  .......  .....  ...........  .........  .....        \51\0  \52\,\53\33                
                                                                                                                                       0                
                                                                                                                             (\59\100.58                
                                                                                                                                      m)      \54\ 1,000
                                                                                                                                                \55\ 0.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\The land must be free of volunteer plants of the crop kind during the year immediately prior to establishment and no manure or other contaminating   
  material shall be applied the year previous to seeding or during the establishment and productive life of the stand.                                  
\2\At least 2 years must elapse between destruction of indistinguishable varieties or varieties of dissimilar adaptation and establishment of the stand 
  for the production of the Certified class of seed.                                                                                                    
\3\Isolation distance for certified seed production shall be at least 500 feet (152.07m) from varieties of dissimilar adaptation.                       
\4\Isolation between classes of the same variety may be reduced to 25 percent of the distance otherwise required.                                       
\5\This distance applies when fields are 5 acres (2ha) or larger in area. For smaller fields, the distances are 900 feet (274.32m) and 450 feet         
  (137.16m) for the Foundation and Registered classes, respectively.                                                                                    
\6\Fields of less than 5 acres (2ha) require 330 feet (100.59m).                                                                                        
\7\Requirement is waived if the previous crop was grown from certified seed of the same variety.                                                        
\8\Requirement is waived if the previous crop was of the same variety and of a certified class equal or superior to that of the crop seeded.            
\9\Reseeding varieties of crimson clover may be allowed to volunteer back year after year on the same ground. If a new variety is being planted where   
  another variety once grew, the field history requirements apply.                                                                                      
\10\No isolation is required for the production of hand-pollinated seed.                                                                                
\11\When the contaminant is the same color and texture, the isolation distance may be modified by (1) adequate natural barriers or (2) differential     
  maturity dates, provided there are no receptive silks in the seed parent at the time the contaminant is shedding pollen. In addition, dent sterile    
  popcorn requires no isolation from dent corn.                                                                                                         
\12\Where the contaminating source is corn of the same color and texture as that of the field inspected or white endosperm-corn optically sorted, the   
  isolation distance is 410 feet (124.97m) and may be modified by the planting of pollen parent border rows according to the following table:           


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Minimum No. of border rows required      
 Minimum distance from -------------------------------------------------
      contaminant       Field size, up to 20 acres  Field size, 20 acres
                                   (8ha)                or more (8ha)   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
410 (124.97m).........  0.........................  0                   
370 (112.78m).........  2 (0.8ha).................  1 (0.4ha)           
330 (100.59m).........  4 (1.6ha).................  2 (0.8ha)           
290 (88.39m)..........  6 (2.4ha).................  3 (1.2ha)           
245 (74.68m)..........  8 (3.2ha).................  4 (1.6ha)           
205 (62.48m)..........  10 (4.0ha)................  5 (2.0ha)           
165 (50.29m)..........  12 (4.8ha)................  6 (2.4ha)           
125 (38.10m)..........  14 (5.6ha)................  7 (2.8ha)           
85 (25.91m)...........  16 (6.4ha)................  8 (3.2ha)           
0.....................  Not Permitted.............  10 (4.0ha)          
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\Refers to off-type plants in the pollen parent that have shed pollen
  or to the off-type plants in the seed parent at the time of the last  
  inspection.                                                           
\14\The required minimum isolation distance for sweet corn is 660 feet  
  (201.17m) from the contaminating source, plus four border rows when   
  the field to be inspected is 10 acres (4.0ha) or less in size. This   
  distance may be decreased by 15 feet (4.57m) for each increment of 4  
  acres (1.6ha) in the size of the field to a maximum of 40 acres (16ha)
  and further decreased 40 feet (12.19m) for each additional border row 
  to a maximum of 16 rows. These border rows are for pollen-shedding    
  purposes only.                                                        
\15\Refers to off-type ears. Ears with off-colored or different textured
  kernels are limited to 0.5 percent, or a total of 25 off-colored or   
  different textured kernels per 1,000 ears.                            
\16\The Merion variety of Kentucky bluegrass is allowed 3 percent.      
\17\All cross-pollinating varieties must be 400 feet (121.92m) from any 
  contaminating source.                                                 
\18\Isolation between diploids and tetraploids shall be at least 15 feet
  (4.57m).                                                              
\19\Minimum isolation shall be at least 100 feet (30.48m) if the cotton 
  plants in the contaminating source differ by easily observable        
  morphological characteristics from the field to be inspected.         
  Isolation distance between upland and Egyptian types shall be at least
  1,320 feet (402.34m), 1,320 feet (402.34m), and 660 feet (182.88m) for
  Foundation, Registered, and Certified classes, respectively.          
\20\These distances apply when there is no border removal. Border       
  removal applies only to fields of 5 acres (2ha) or more. Removal of a 
  9-foot (2.74m) border (after flowering) decreases the required        
  distance for Foundation, Registered, and Certified seed classes to 600
  feet (182.88m), 225 feet (68.58m), and 100 feet (30.48m),             
  respectively, for cross-pollinated species, and to 30 feet (9.14m), 15
  feet (4.57m), and 15 feet (4.57m), respectively, for apomictic and    
  self-pollinated species. Removal of a 15 foot (4.57m) border (after   
  flowering) allows a further decrease to 450 feet (136.16m), 150 feet  
  (45.72m), and 75 feet (22.86m), respectively, for cross-pollinated    
  species.                                                              
\21\Isolation distances between 2 fields of the same kind may be reduced
  to a distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture, if the sum of   
  percentages of plants in bloom in both fields does not exceed 5       
  percent at a time when more than 1 percent of the plants in either    
  field are in bloom.                                                   
\22\Refers to bulbs.                                                    
\23\Distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture is necessary.       
\24\Required isolation between classes of the same variety is 10 feet   
  (3.05m).                                                              
\25\The minimum distance may be reduced by 50 percent if different      
  classes of the same variety are involved.                             
\26\The minimum distance may be reduced by 50 percent if the field is   
  adequately protected by natural or artificial barriers.               
\27\These ratios are for definite other varieties. The ratios for       
  doubtful other varieties are:                                         


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Foundation            Registered            Certified   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Millet.............................................  1:10,000........  1:5,000................  1:2,500         
Sorghum:                                                                                                        
    Nonhybrid......................................  1:20,000........  1:10,000...............  1:1,000         
    Hybrid.........................................  1:20,000........  Not Applicable.........  1:1,000         
Okra...............................................  None............  1:750..................  1:500           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\Whiteheart fruits may not exceed 1 per 100, 40, and 20 for Foundation, Registered, and Certified classes,   
  respectively. Citron or hard rind is not permitted in Foundation or Registered classes and may not exceed 1   
  per 1,000 fruits in the Certified class.                                                                      
\29\This distance applies if the contaminating source does not genetically differ in height from the pollinator 
  parent or has a different chromosome number. If the contaminating source does (genetically) differ and has the
  same chromosome number the distance shall be 990 feet (301.76m). The minimum isolation from grass sorghum or  
  broomcorn with the same chromosome number shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m).                                      
\30\Requirement is waived for the production of pollinator lines if the previous crop was grown from a certified
  class of seed of the same variety. Sterile lines and crossing blocks must be on land free of contaminating    
  plants.                                                                                                       
\31\If the contaminating source is similar to the hybrid in all important characteristics, the isolation may be 
  reduced by 66 feet (20.12m) for each pair of border rows of the pollinator parent down to a minimum of 330    
  feet (100.59m). These rows must be located directly opposite or diagonally to the contaminating source. The   
  pollinator border rows must be shedding pollen during the entire time 5 percent or more of the seed parent    
  flowers are receptive.                                                                                        
\32\An unplanted strip at least 2 feet (0.61m) in width shall separate male sterile plants and pollinator plants
  in inter-planted blocks.                                                                                      
\33\Unless the preceding crop was another kind or unless the preceding soybean crop was planted with a class of 
  certified seed of the same variety, or unless the preceding soybean crop and the variety being planted have an
  identifiable character difference, in which case, no time need elapse.                                        
\34\May include not more than 0.04 percent purple or white seeds.                                               
\35\Standards apply equally to seed parents and pollen parents which may include up to 1:1,000 plants each of   
  the wild-type branching, purple, or white-seeded plants.                                                      
\36\A new plant bed must be used each year unless the bed is properly treated with a soil sterilant prior to    
  seeding.                                                                                                      
\37\This distance is applied between varieties of the same type and may be waived if four border rows of each   
  variety are allowed to bloom and set seed between the two varieties but are not harvested for seed. Isolation 
  between varieties of different types shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m) except if protected by bagging or by       
  topping all plants in the contaminating source before bloom.                                                  
\38\When male sterile and male fertile plants of the same type are planted adjacent in a field, this requirement
  may be waived; provided, four border rows of male sterile plants are allowed to bloom and set seeds. The seed 
  from these border rows shall not be harvested as part of the certified lot of seed produced by the male       
  sterile plants. When plants are of different types, the distance shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m) except if      
  protected by bagging or by topping all plants in the contaminating source before bloom.                       
\39\Isolation between varieties or non-certified fields of the same variety shall be 100 feet (30.48m) if aerial
  seeded and 50 feet (15.24m) if ground broadcast, and 10 feet (3.05m) if ground drilled.                       
\40\Isolation between millets of different genera shall be 6 feet (1.83m).                                      
\41\Does not apply to Helianthus similes, H.ludens, or H.agrestis.                                              
\42\The ratio of male sterile (A) strains and pollen (B or C) strains shall not exceed 2:1.                     
\43\Parent lines (A and B) in a crossing block, or seed and pollen lines in a hybrid seed production field,     
  shall be separated by at least 6 feet (1.83m) and shall be managed and harvested in a manner to prevent       
  mixing.                                                                                                       
\44\Distance between fields of certified classes of the same variety may be reduced to 10 feet (3.05m)          
  regardless of the class or size of the fields.                                                                
\45\An isolation distance of 5,280 feet (1609.36m) is required between oil and non-oil sunflower types and      
  between either type and other volunteers or wild types.                                                       
\46\Detasseling, cutting, or pulling of the cytoplasmic male-sterile seed parent is permitted.                  
\47\All varieties of perennial ryegrass seed are allowed 3.0 percent.                                           
\48\This distance applies for fields over 5 acres (2ha). For alfalfa fields of 5 acres (2ha) or less that       
  produce the Foundation and Registered seek classes, the minimum distance from a different variety or a field  
  of the same variety that does not meet the varietal purity requirements for certification shall be 900 feet   
  (274.32m) and 450 feet (137.16m), respectively.                                                               
\49\There must be at least 10 feet (3.05m) or a distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture between a field 
  of another variety (or noncertified area within the same field) and the area being certified. The 165 feet    
  (50.29m) isolation requirement is waived if the area of the ``isolation zone'' is less than 10 percent of the 
  field eligible for the Certified class. The ``isolation zone'' is that area calculated by multiplying the     
  length of the common border(s) with other varieties of alfalfa by the average width of the field (being       
  certified) falling within the 165 feet (50.29m) isolation. Areas within the isolation zone nearest the        
  contamination source shall not be certified.                                                                  
\50\Seed of Critana thickspike wheatgrass (Elytrigia dasystachya) may contain up to 30 percent slender          
  wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus) types.                                                                       
\51\Crossing blocks must be planted on land free of volunteer contaminating plants.                             
\52\This distance applies to the seed parent when the contaminating source is wheat of another market class. If 
  the contaminating source is the same market class as the seed rent, the distance may be modified by the       
  planting of pollen parent border according to the following table:                                            


------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Minimum distance from contaminant          Pollen(parent border) 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Feet                   Meters        Feet        Meters  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
330..............................       100.59            0            0
275..............................        83.82           15         4.57
215..............................        65.53           25         7.62
160..............................        48.77           35        10.67
100..............................        30.48           50        15.25
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\Interplanted blocks of seed parent and pollinator shall be separated
  by an unplanted strip a minimum of one foot (0.31m) in width and be   
  clearly identifiable.                                                 
\54\If Foundation or Registered the ratio shall be 1:3000 (Foundation)  
  and 1:2000 (Registered).                                              
\55\Does not include seed of the female parent.                         
\56\Pre-Control Test Standards.                                         
If field inspection shows one or more of the following, the applicant   
  may request that seed certification be based on the results of a pre- 
  certification grow-test approved by the certification agency;         
a. inadequate insolation;                                               
b. too few male parent plants shedding pollen when female plants are    
  receptive;                                                            
c. excess off-types not to include wild types.                          
In such case, at lest 2,000 plants must be observed and meet the        
  following standards before seed can be certified from fields with     
  problems listed above.                                                


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Maximum permitted       
                Factor                 ---------------------------------
                                        Hybrid(percent)  Inbred(percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sterile Plants........................            5.0    ...............
Sterile or Fertile Plants.............  ...............            5.0  
Morphological Variants................            0.5              0.5  
Wild types............................            0.2              0.2  
      Total (including above types)...            5.0              5.0  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For non-oil types, seed which contains not more than 15 percent sterile 
  plants may be certified. If it contains 85 percent-95 percent hybrid  
  plants, the percentage of hybrid shall be shown on the certification  
  label.                                                                
\57\Application to establish the pedigree must be made within one year  
  of seeding. The crop will remain under supervision of the certifying  
  agency as long as the field is eligible for certification.            
\58\These distances apply when there is no border removal. Varieties    
  that are 95 percent or more apomictic, as defined by the originating  
  breeder, shall have the isolation distance reduced to a mechanical    
  separation only. Varieties less than 95 percent apomictic and all     
  other cross pollinating species that have an ``isolation zone'' of    
  less than 10 percent of the entire field, no isolation is required.   
  (Isolation zone is calculated by multiplying the length of the common 
  border with other varieties of grass by the average width of the      
  certified field falling within the isolation distance required.)      
\59\Indicates metric equivalent in meters.                              

    Dated: May 6, 1994.
Lon Hatamiya,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 94-11492 Filed 5-16-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-10-D