[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 94 (Tuesday, May 17, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-11492]
[[Page Unknown]]
[Federal Register: May 17, 1994]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Department of Agriculture
_______________________________________________________________________
Agricultural Marketing Service
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7 CFR Part 201
Amendments to Regulations Under the Federal Seed Act; Proposed Rule
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Marketing Service
7 CFR Part 201
[No. LS-91-010 PR]
RIN 0581-AA52
Amendments to Regulations Under the Federal Seed Act
AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is proposing to
revise the Federal Seed Act by changing the common and botanical names
of several agricultural and vegetable seeds; adding several kinds to
the list of agricultural and vegetables seeds subject to the Federal
Seed Act; changing germination evaluation descriptions; changing the
method of fluorescence use in determining pure seed percentages in
ryegrasses; adding methods for testing coated seed; adding methods for
determining the presence of fungal endophyte in seeds; and updating the
standards for certified seed. These changes would result in the
adoption of scientific names currently recognized by the scientific
community and would provide for the use of common names most widely
acceptable in seed trade. They would also eliminate potential conflicts
between State and Federal regulations which could inhibit the
interstate movement of seeds.
DATES: Public Hearing June 8, 1994, 10 a.m.; comments must be received
on or before July 8, 1994.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments
concerning this proposed rule. Comments must be sent to James P.
Triplitt, Chief, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Livestock and Seed
Division, AMS, USDA, Building 506, BARC-E, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
Comments will be available for public inspection during regular
business hours in Building 506, BARC-E, Beltsville, Maryland. The
public hearing will be held on June 8, 1994, at 10 a.m. in room 3501,
South Building, United States Department of Agriculture, 14th and
Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James P. Triplitt, Chief, Seed
Regulatory and Testing Branch, 301-504-9430.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This rule has been determined to be not-
significant for purposes of Executive Order 12866 and therefore has not
been reviewed by OMB.
The proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12778,
Civil Justice Reform. It is not intended to have a retroactive effect.
The rule would not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or
policies unless they present an irreconcilable conflict with this rule.
There are no administrative procedures which must be exhausted prior to
judicial challenge to the provision of this rule. The Administrator,
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), has certified that this action
would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small
entities as defined in the Regulatory Flexibility Act. Many small
entities sell seed. However, small entities selling seed must test and
label the seed to comply with the requirements of state laws. Generally
the testing requirements of the state laws are similar to those of the
Federal Seed Act (FSA). These changes would further reconcile State and
Federal testing procedures. Using similar testing procedures would
reduce the burden on small entities shipping seed in interstate
commerce because the test used for intrastate commerce could also be
used in interstate commerce. Some additional burden might occur
concerning small entities shipping kinds which are added to those
subject to the FSA. However, many small entities are likely to benefit
because more small entities are purchasers of those kinds than sellers.
The small entity purchasers would benefit from the regulations in that
the interstate shipper would be required to test and label the kinds
before shipping them to the purchaser. There would be no effect on the
competitive position of small entities in relation to larger entities
since both would have to comply with the same regulations.
This document does not contain new collection of information
requirements. Sections which would be amended by the rule contain
collection of information requirements that were previously submitted
for review to the Director of Management and Budget (OMB) and assigned
OMB control number 0581-0026 under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980
(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
Background
Seed Testing and Labeling
This document would update the FSA regulations pertaining to seed
testing to eliminate differences between the FSA regulations and the
Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Testing Seed.
The Association is made up of State and Federal seed testing agencies.
Its function is to develop and standardize methods to be used in
testing seeds. These rules are widely recognized and are used by most
state and commercial seed laboratories to test seed in the United
States. In addition, common and scientific names are updated.
Agricultural and vegetable seeds shipped in interstate commerce
must comply with the FSA and the regulations issued thereunder. The FSA
requires seed to be labeled with certain information concerning its
quality when moving across state lines. Once in a state, seed must
comply with state laws and regulations. Labeling requirements in State
and Federal laws are generally very similar so as not to inhibit the
free movement of seed. Tests used prior to shipment to determine the
required labeling information, as well as tests used by state seed
regulatory agencies to check compliance, are generally performed using
AOSA rules. Tests to assure that seed is in compliance with the FSA are
performed using methods specified in the FSA regulations. Although the
testing methods under the FSA regulations and those of AOSA are
generally very similar, some changes have been made in the AOSA Rules
For Testing Seed without corresponding changes in the FSA regulations.
The changes to the AOSA rules were based on scientific research and
were made with input from AMS. This document would amend the FSA seed
testing regulations so that they are essentially the same as those
contained in the AOSA rules. This would eliminate the need to perform
separate tests to assure that seed labeling complies with both Federal
and State laws. It would also facilitate seed trade and reduce cost to
the seed industry and to seed buyers. These changes reflect
improvements in seed testing technology and the current standards of
usage within the industry. The specific changes to the testing rules
are discussed under ``Other Proposed Amendments.''
Additional Kinds
There are presently about a dozen kinds (mostly grasses) which are
being shipped interstate that are not subject to the FSA. Cooperating
state seed regulatory agencies have requested that the list of kinds
subject to the FSA be kept current so that interstate shipments of
those kinds can be regulated. Occasionally complaints are received on
these kinds. For that reason the proposal would add these kinds to the
regulations under the FSA and thereby make them subject to Federal law.
Bluejoint, galletagrass, bottlebrush-squirreltail, green needlegrass,
kenaf, forage kochia, mountain rye, intermediate ryegrass, northern
sweetvetch, and basin wildrye would be added to the list of
agricultural seeds subject to the FSA. Dill, sage, and summer savory
would be added to the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA.
Standardized test methods have been developed for the kinds to be added
and they are currently covered by AOSA rules and are being regulated by
the states. Therefore, this addition would result in little cost to the
seed industry. Currently they can be shipped in interstate commerce
without having to be labeled by the interstate shipper. If shipped
without the required labeling, the responsibility for testing and
labeling falls on the person receiving the seed rather than the
interstate shipper.
Scientific Names
Changes to Sec. 201.2 would update scientific names for the
agricultural seeds colonial bentgrass, sand bluestem, soft chess,
emmer, hard fescue, kudzu, Korean lespedeza, striate lespedeza,
Japanese millet, pearl millet, rescuegrass, sorghum-sudangrass,
sudangrass, turf timothy, velvetbean, beardless wheatgrass,
intermediate wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, Siberian wheatgrass,
slender wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, western
wheatgrass, and Russian wildrye. The scientific names for the vegetable
seeds tronchuda cabbage, leek, and rhubarb would also be updated. The
document would change the scientific names to those currently
recognized by the scientific community and to be in agreement with the
names used by the USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network.
At the request of growers, researchers, and breeders the document
would change the kind name ``muskmelon'' to ``melon,'' because
``melon'' is the more widely recognized name.
Seed Certification Standards
The rule would also update the FSA regulations pertaining to seed
certification to eliminate differences with the standards of the
Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA). This
Association is made up primarily of State seed certifying agencies. The
function of AOSCA is to establish minimum standards for genetic purity
and to standardize seed certification regulations and procedures. State
seed certifying agencies recognize and follow minimum standards for
genetic purity established by AOSCA.
Seed represented as a class of certified seed as defined in the FSA
regulations, must meet the minimum genetic certification standards for
certified classes as provided by the regulations. State seed certifying
agencies which certify seed pursuant to the standards contained in the
FSA regulations, are members of AOSCA and must also maintain minimum
AOSCA standards for certifying seed. This document would change the FSA
regulations pertaining to genetic certification standards in order to
bring them in conformity with the AOSCA Standards. The changes to the
standards have been reviewed and found to be consistent with the
requirements under the FSA.
Corrections and Clarifications
There are a number of technical nonsubstantive corrections and
clarifications which would also be made. Some of the more important
ones would change ``Consumer and Marketing Service'' to ``Agricultural
Marketing Service'' and omit the word ``hybrid'' from the name
``sorghum-sudangrass''. In Sec. 201.36b the word ``pole'' would be
enclosed in parentheses. In Sec. 201.36c the word ``garden'' would be
added to bean to show the correct kind name. Section 201.34(d) would be
changed to add a footnote to reflect the effective date which was
previously omitted. Paragraph (e) of this section would be removed to
delete partial lists of variety names.
Other Proposed Amendments.
Changes to Sec. 201.2 would redefine the Act to include 7 U.S.C
1551-1611, update scientific names, and add additional kinds as
discussed above. Changes would also add a definition of coated seed and
change the definition of certified seed to show the proper reference,
Sec. 201.70, rather than Sec. 201.79 which does not exist. Section
201.22(c) would be changed to update scientific names to be consistent
with changes in Sec. 201.2(h). Section 201.31 would be changed to
establish germination standards for dill, sage, and summer savory which
were added to the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA in
Sec. 201.2(i), and to reflect the change of the name ``muskmelon'' to
``melon''.
Section 201.36c would be changed to separate and alphabetize
agricultural seeds and vegetable seeds in the table, and to change
``bean'' in the vegetable list to ``garden bean,'' the name recognized
in Sec. 201.2(i). Section 201.43 would be changed to add metric
equivalents weights and to specify the minimum number of coated seeds
to be taken during sampling.
Section 201.46(b) would be changed to substitute the word
``comprise'' for the incorrect word ``compromise''. Table 1 would be
changed to reflect the changes proposed in Sec. 201.2. Scientific names
would be changed to correspond with Sec. 201.2 and working weights
added for those kinds added in that section. In addition, several
spelling errors would be corrected.
The document would change several sections to add provisions for
testing coated seed. Specific procedures have been developed to provide
for uniform methods to test seed coated with products such as those
designed to improve planting characteristics or to improve seedling
growth. Section 201.2 would add a definition of coated seed. Section
201.45 would add comments pertaining to dividing coated seed. Section
201.47 would cite added instructions for purity analysis of coated
seed. Section 201.51b would establish purity testing procedures for
coated seed. Section 201.52 would be changed to add a new paragraph (b)
to establish the amount of seed to be examined for a noxious-weed seed
test on coated seed. The existing Sec. 201.52 would become paragraph
(a).
Section 201.47a would also be changed to clarify that the ``entire
spikelet'' for rice, browntop millet, and Paspalum spp. is considered
to be a seed unit; to define a seed unit for galletagrass (a new kind
which was added in Sec. 201.2); to include side-oats grama and blue
grama, as kinds for which the Uniform Blowing Procedure is used to
determine the percentages of pure seed and inert matter; and to clarify
that ``seed balls'' of other Chenopodiaceae (fourwing saltbush and
forage kochia) are to be considered a seed unit.
Section 201.48 would be changed to update seed unit interpretations
to be consistent with Sec. 201.51, to make scientific names to be
consistent with Sec. 201.2, and to add procedures to determine pure
seed of forage kochia which was added to the kinds subject to the FSA.
Sections 201.48, 201.49, and 201.51a would be changed, in part, to
add tall wheatgrass and western wheatgrass to the list of kinds to be
tested using the Multiple Unit Procedure. These kinds contain multiple
florets. The Multiple Unit Procedure provides faster, more consistent
test results without a loss of accuracy when compared to the current,
more tedious, hand method.
Several sections, including some of the changes to Sec. 201.47,
Sec. 201.48, Sec. 201.49, and Sec. 201.51a would add blue grama and
side-oats grama to the kinds for which the purity percentages are
determined by using the Uniform Blowing Procedure. The Uniform Blowing
Procedure provides a method, for determining purity percentages for
these kinds, which has proven to be faster, more consistent, and just
as accurate as the hand method.
Section 201.50 would be changed to clarify that wild onion and wild
garlic bulblets devoid of husks are to be classified as weed seeds if
not damaged at the basal end and are a specified size. Research has
shown that these seeds would likely germinate.
Section 201.51 would update seed units that are considered to be
inert matter, to include classification of certain seed units of newly
added kinds, forage kochia and northern sweetvetch, as well as coating
material.
Sections 201.56 through 201.56-12 would be changed to establish new
procedures for describing abnormal seedlings of each seed group for use
in determining germination percentages and to eliminate references to
outdated photographs. Seedling descriptions which had been developed
over many years are being completely revised so that consistent,
current terminology is used to describe abnormal seedlings for all
kinds. The changes are designed to make the seedling descriptions more
easily interpreted so that more consistent, accurate test results will
be achieved. The changes will not result in significant differences in
the percentages of germination found when compared to tests made under
the current regulations.
Changes to Sec. 201.57 would add kenaf, a new kind, to the list of
kinds containing hard seed.
Section 201.57a would be changed to correct scientific names to be
consistent with Sec. 201.2 and to add new kinds, bottlebrush-
squirreltail, basin wildrye, galletagrass, mountain rye, johnsongrass,
and forage kochia to the kinds having dormant seed.
Section 201.58 would be changed to clarify the definition of
``prechill'' applicable to Table 2, to make editorial changes in
special procedures for alyceclover, bahiagrass, beet, and garden bean,
and to add special procedures for green needlegrass. Changes would
incorporate more specific information on the type of light to be used
for ryegrass fluorescence tests, add germination procedures for coated
seed, and correct common and scientific names in the section including
Table 2. Germination test procedures for those kinds added in
Secs. 201.2(h) and 201.2(i) would be added, and references to outdated
photographs of seedlings removed. The changes in testing procedures
incorporate into the regulations the latest research on testing these
kinds.
Section 201.58a would be changed to revise the use of the
fluorescence test for determining the percentages of pure seed and
other crop seed of annual ryegrass and perennial ryegrass. The changes
incorporate methods agreed on by AOSA, AASCO, the grass seed industry,
and AMS. The procedure for determining percentages of white sweetclover
and yellow sweetclover would be changed from a mottled seed test to
chemical test because the chemical test provides a more accurate,
consistent result. Procedures for the phenol test for wheat, previously
cited in AOSA Handbook Number 28, are being added and the reference to
AOSA Handbook Number 28 is being removed so that all information will
be contained in the regulations removing the need to have a copy of
Handbook Number 28. Procedures for conducting a peroxidase test for
varietal purity of soybean, and to add fluorescence test procedures for
determining varietal purity of oat are added. These procedures have
been in use for many years and have proven to be accurate, reliable,
and consistent. Tests are essential to check the accuracy of variety
representations.
Section 201.58d would add established testing procedures for
determining the percentage of fungal endophyte in seed and plant
material growing therefrom to the regulations. Some grass seed is being
labeled to indicate the presence or absence of fungal endophyte.
Uniform testing procedures have been developed for determining the
amount of fungal endophyte present.
Changes to Sec. 201.60 would update scientific names as previously
discussed, to add ryegrasses and galletagrass to the list of chaffy
kinds, and to make editorial changes.
Changes to Sec. 201.61 and Sec. 201.62 would correct typographical
errors in the tolerance table.
A change to Sec. 201.76 would provide for the certification agency
to grant a variance in the land cropping history in specific
circumstances where cultural practices have been proven adequate to
maintain genetic purity. Generally this change would allow for the
agency to modify the number of years the field must have been free of
potential contaminants before being planted to a crop under
certification. Section 201.76 would also be changed to update Table 5
and the footnotes to Table 5 to include metric equivalents, to update
names to be consistent with Sec. 201.2, and to make editorial changes
and corrections. Standards for chemically assisted hybrid barley,
buckwheat, and chemically assisted hybrid wheat would be added. Field
standards for classes of mung bean would be changed and a field
standard for hybrid corn added. In addition footnotes are added
corresponding to those changes in the table.
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 201
Advertising, Agricultural commodities, Imports, Labeling, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements, Seeds, Vegetables.
For reason set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR part 201 is amended as
follows:
PART 201--FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS
1. The authority citation for part 201 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1592.
2. In Sec. 201.2, paragraphs (a), (h), (i), and (ee) are revised
and (q) is added to read as follows:
Sec. 201.2 Terms defined.
* * * * *
(a) The Act. The Term ``Act'' means the Federal Seed Act approved
August 9, 1939 (53 Stat. 1275; 7 U.S.C. 1551-1611 as amended);
* * * * *
(h) Agricultural seeds. The term ``agricultural seeds'' means the
following kinds of grass, forage, and field crop seeds, that are used
for seeding purposes in the United States:
Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum Ciferri and Giacom.
Alfalfa--Medicago sativa L.
Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her.
Alyceclover--Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.
Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum Fluegge.
Barley--Hordeum vulgare L.
Barrelclover--Medicago truncatula Gaertn.
Bean, adzuki--Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi.
Bean, field--Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Bean, mung--Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.
Beet, field--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.
Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.
Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.
Bentgrass, colonial--Agrostis capillaris L.
Bentgrass, creeping--Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.)
Farw.
Bentgrass, velvet--Agrostis canina L.
Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon.
Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. aridus Harlan
and de Wet.
Bluegrass, annual--Poa annua L.
Bluegrass, bulbous--Poa bulbosa L.
Bluegrass, Canada--Poa compressa L.
Bluegrass, glaucantha--Poa glaucantha Gaud.
Bluegrass, Kentucky--Poa pratensis L.
Bluegrass, Nevada--Poa nevadensis Scribn.
Bluegrass, rough--Poa trivialis L.
Bluegrass, Texas--Poa arachnifera Torr.
Bluegrass, wood--Poa nemoralis L.
Bluejoint--Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt.
Bluestem, big--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. gerardii.
Bluestem, little--Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash.
Bluestem, sand--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. paucipilus (Nash)
Fern.
Bluestem, yellow--Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.
Bottlebrush-squirreltail--Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey.
Brome, field--Bromus arvensis L.
Brome, meadow--Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.
Brome, mountain--Bromus marginatus Steudel.
Brome, smooth--Bromus inermis Leyss.
Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.
Buffalograss--Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engl.
Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris L.
Burclover, California--Medicago polymorpha L.
Burclover, spotted--Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.
Burnet, little--Sanguisorba minor Scop.
Buttonclover--Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.
Canarygrass--Phalaris canariensis L.
Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris arundinacea L.
Carpetgrass--Axonopus affinis Chase.
Castorbean--Ricinus communis L.
Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus L.
Chickpea--Cicer arietinum L.
Clover, alsike--Trifolium hybridum L.
Clover, arrowleaf--Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.
Clover, berseem--Trifolium alexandrinum L.
Clover, cluster--Trifolium glomeratum L.
Clover, crimson--Trifolium incarnatum L.
Clover, Kenya--Trifolium semipilosum Fresen.
Clover, ladino--Trifolium repens L.
Clover, lappa--Trifolium lappaceum L.
Clover, large hop--Trifolium campestre Schreb.
Clover, Persian--Trifolium resupinatum L.
Clover, red or
Red clover, mammoth--Trifolium pratense L.
Red clover, medium--Trifolium pratense L.
Clover, rose--Trifolium hirtum All.
Clover, small hop or suckling--Trifolium dubium Sibth.
Clover, strawberry--Trifolium fragiferum L.
Clover, sub or subterranean--Trifolium subterraneum L.
Clover, white--Trifolium repens L. (also see Clover, ladino).
Clover--(also see Alyceclover, Burclover, Buttonclover, Sourclover,
Sweetclover).
Corn, field--Zea mays L.
Corn, pop--Zea mays L.
Cotton--Gossypium spp.
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata.
Crambe--Crambe abyssinica R.E. Fries.
Crested dogtail--Cynosurus cristatus L.
Crotalaria, lance--Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey.
Crotalaria, showy--Crotalaria spectabilis Roth.
Crotalaria, slenderleaf--Crotalaria brevidens Benth. var. intermedia
(Kotschy) Polh.
Crotalaria, striped or smooth--Crotalaria pallida Ait.
Crotalaria, sunn--Crotalaria juncea L.
Crownvetch--Coronilla varia L.
Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum Poir.
Dichondra--Dichondra repens Forst. and Forst. f.
Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray.
Emmer--Triticum dicoccon Schrank.
Fescue, chewings--Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.
Fescue, hair--Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.
Fescue, hard--Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina.
Fescue, meadow--Festuca pratensis Huds.
Fescue, red--Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra.
Fescue, sheep--Festuca ovina L. var. ovina.
Fescue, tall--Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
Flax--Linum usitatissimum L.
Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.
Grama, blue--Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Griffiths.
Grama, side-oats--Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.
Guineagrass--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum.
Hardinggrass--Phalaris stenoptera Hack.
Hemp--Cannabis sativa L.
Indiangrass, yellow--Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash.
Indigo, hairy--Indigofera hirsuta L.
Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia japonica Steud.
Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus L.
Kochia, forage--Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.
Kudzu--Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.)
Maesen and S. Almeida.
Lentil--Lens culinaris Medik.
Lespedeza, Korean--Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino.
Lespedeza, sericea or Chinese--Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G.
Don.
Lespedeza, Siberian--Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers.
Lespedeza, striate--Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindler.
Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood.
Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees.
Lupine, blue--Lupinus angustifolius L.
Lupine, white--Lupinus albus L.
Lupine, yellow--Lupinus luteus L.
Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.
Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus pratensis L.
Medic, black--Medicago lupulina L.
Milkvetch or cicer milkvetch--Astragalus cicer L.
Millet, browntop--Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf.
Millet, foxtail--Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Millet, Japanese--Echinochloa frumentacea Link.
Millet, pearl--Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Millet, proso--Panicum miliaceum L.
Molassesgrass--Melinis minutiflora Beauv.
Mustard, black--Brassica nigra (L.) Koch.
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.
Mustard, white--Sinapis alba L.
Napiergrass--Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.
Needlegrass, green--Stipa viridula Trinus.
Oat--Avena byzantina C. Koch, A. sativa L., A. nuda L.
Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.S. Presl and K.B.
Presl.
Orchardgrass--Dactylis glomerata L.
Panicgrass, blue--Panicum antidotale Retz.
Panicgrass, green--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Robyns.
Pea, field--Pisum sativum L.
Peanut--Arachis hypogaea L.
Poa trivialis--(see Bluegrass, rough).
Rape, annual--Brassica napus L. var. annua Koch.
Rape, bird--Brassica rapa L.
Rape, turnip--Brassica rapa L.
Rape, winter--Brassica napus L. var. biennis (Schubl. and Mart.)
Reichb.
Redtop--Agrostis gigantea Roth.
Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus Vahl.
Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana Kunth.
Rice--Oryza sativa L.
Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.)
Ricker.
Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus L.
Rye--Secale cereale L.
Rye, mountain--Secale montanum Guss.
Ryegrass, annual or Italian--Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Ryegrass, intermediate--Lolium x hybridum Hausskn.
Ryegrass, perennial--Lolium perenne L.
Ryegrass, Wimmera--Lolium rigidum Gaud.
Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius L.
Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.
Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.
Sesame--Sesamum indicum L.
Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) A.W. Hill.
Smilo--Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Asch. and Schweinf.
Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum L. Parodi.
Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steudel) Millsp. and
Chase.
Sorgrass--Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross
or a johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.
Southernpea--(See Cowpea).
Sourclover--Melilotus indicus (L.) All.
Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Spelt--Triticum spelta L.
Sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steudel) Millsp. and Chase.
Sunflower--Helianthus annuus L.
Sweetclover, white--Melilotus albus Medik.
Sweetclover, yellow--Melilotus officinalis Lam.
Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum boreale Nutt.
Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum L.
Timothy--Phleum pratense L.
Timothy, turf--Phleum bertolonii DC.
Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum L.
Trefoil, big--Lotus uliginosus Schk.
Trefoil, birdsfoot--Lotus corniculatus L.
Triticale--x Triticosecale Wittm. (Secale x Triticum).
Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei Steud.
Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina J. E. Smith.
Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wight) Burck.
Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus L.
Vetch, common--Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa.
Vetch, hairy--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa.
Vetch, Hungarian--Vicia pannonica Crantz.
Vetch, monantha--Vicia articulata Hornem.
Vetch, narrowleaf or blackpod--Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.)
Ehrh.
Vetch, purple--Vicia benghalensis L.
Vetch, woollypod or winter--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host)
Corb.
Wheat, common--Triticum aestivum L.
Wheat, club--Triticum compactum Host.
Wheat, durum--Triticum durum Desf.
Wheat, Polish--Triticum polonicum L.
Wheat, poulard--Triticum turgidum L.
Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x Agrotriticum.
Wheatgrass, beardless--Elytrigia spicata (Pursh) Dewey.
Wheatgrass, crested or fairway crested--Agropyron cristatum (L.)
Gaertn.
Wheatgrass, crested or standard crested--Agropyron desertorum (Link)
Schult.
Wheatgrass, intermediate--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp.
intermedia.
Wheatgrass, pubescent--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp.
barbulata (Schur) A. Love.
Wheatgrass, Siberian--Agropyron fragile (Roth) Candargy subsp.
sibiricum (Willd.) Meld.
Wheatgrass, slender--Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn.
Wheatgrass, streambank--Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A. Love and D.
Love.
Wheatgrass, tall--Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski.
Wheatgrass, western--Elymus smithii (Rydb.) Gould.
Wildrye, basin--Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and Merr.) A. Love.
Wildrye, Canada--Elymus canadensis L.
Wildrye, Russian--Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski.
Zoysia japonica--(see Japanese lawngrass).
Zoysia matrella--(see Manilagrass).
(i) Vegetable seeds. The term ``vegetable seeds'' means the seeds
of the following kinds that are or may be grown in gardens or on truck
farms and are or may be generally known and sold under the name of
vegetable seeds:
Artichoke--Cynara scolymus L.
Asparagus--Asparagus officinalis L.
Asparagusbean or yard-long bean--Vigna unguiculata (L.)
Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Bean, garden--Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Bean, lima--Phaseolus lunatus L.
Bean, runner or scarlet runner--Phaseolus coccineus L.
Beet--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.
Broadbean--Vicia faba L.
Broccoli--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brussels sprouts--Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.
Burdock, great--Arctium lappa L.
Cabbage--Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.
Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.
Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.
Cantaloupe--(see Melon).
Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus L.
Carrot--Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Celeriac--Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud.
Celery--Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Koch.
Chicory--Cichorium intybus L.
Chives--Allium schoenoprasum L.
Citron--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. citroides
(Bailey) Mansf.
Collards--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.
Corn, sweet--Zea mays L.
Cornsalad--Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade.
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata.
Cress, garden--Lepidium sativum L.
Cress, upland--Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers.
Cress, water--Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Cucumber--Cucumis sativus L.
Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale Wigg.
Dill--Anethum graveolens L.
Eggplant--Solanum melongena L.
Endive--Cichorium endivia L.
Gherkin, West India--Cucumis anguria L.
Kale--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.
Kale, Chinese--Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (Bailey)
Musil.
Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus L. var. pabularia (DC.) Reichb.
Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Leek--Allium porrum L.
Lettuce--Lactuca sativa L.
Melon--Cucumis melo L.
Muskmelon (see Melon).
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.
Mustard, spinach--Brassica perviridis (Bailey) Bailey.
Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.
Onion--Allium cepa L.
Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum L.
Pak-choi--Brassica chinensis L.
Parsley--Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A. W. Hill.
Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa L.
Pea--Pisum sativum L.
Pepper--Capsicum spp.
Pe-tsai--(see Chinese cabbage).
Pumpkin--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C.
maxima Duchesne.
Radish--Raphanus sativus L.
Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum L.
Rutabaga--Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Reichb.
Sage--Salvia officinalis L.
Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius L.
Savory, summer--Satureja hortensis L.
Sorrel--Rumex acetosa L.
Southernpea--(see Cowpea).
Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Spinach--Spinacia oleracea L.
Spinach, New Zealand--Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Ktze.
Squash--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C.
maxima Duchesne.
Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Tomato, husk--Physalis pubescens L.
Turnip--Brassica rapa L.
Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var.
lanatus.
* * * * *
(q) Coated seed. The term ``coated seed'' means any seed unit
covered with any substance which changes the size, shape, or weight of
the original seed. Seeds coated with ingredients such as, but not
limited to, rhizobia, dyes, and pesticides are excluded.
* * * * *
(ee) Certified seed. Certified seed is a class of certified seed
which is the progeny of Breeder, Foundation, or Registered seed, except
as provided in Sec. 201.70 and is produced and handled under procedures
established by the certifying agency, in accordance with this part, for
producing the Certified class of seed, for the purpose of maintaining
genetic purity and identity.
* * * * *
Sec. 201.3 [Amended]
3. Section 201.3 is amended by removing ``shall'' and adding in its
place ``may''.
Sec. 201.10 [Amended]
4. Section 201.10(a) is amended by removing the word ``hybrid''.
Sec. 201.13 [Amended]
5. Section 201.13 is amended by removing ``in'' the first time it
appears and adding in its place ``on''.
Sec. 201.17 [Amended]
6. Section 201.17 is amended by removing ``bermuda grass'' and
adding its place ``bermudagrass'' everywhere it appears.
Sec. 201.20 [Amended]
7. Section 201.20 is amended by removing ``for each kind or kind
and variety or kind and type or kind and hybrid'' and adding in its
place ``each kind, or kind and variety, or kind and type, or kind and
hybrid''.
8. In Sec. 201.22, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.22 Date of test.
* * * * *
(c) The following kinds shall be tested within the indicated time
before interstate shipment:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Months from
Agricultural seeds and mixtures thereof test date to
shipment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bentgrass, Colonial: Agrostis capillaris, Bentgrass,
Creeping A. stolonifera var. palustris................. 15
Bluegrass, Kentucky: Poa pratensis...................... 15
Fescue, Chewings: Festuca rubra subsp. commutata........ 15
Fescue, Hard: Festuca trachyphylla...................... 15
Fescue, Red: Festuca rubra subsp. rubra................. 15
Fescue, Tall: Festuca arundinacea....................... 15
Ryegrass, Annual: Lolium multiflorum.................... 15
Ryegrass, Perennial: Lolium perenne..................... 15
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 201.26 [Amended]
9. Section 201.26 is amended by removing ``is'' following the word
``pollination'' and adding in its place ``in''.
10. Section 201.31 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.31 Germination standards for vegetable seeds in interstate
commerce.
The following germination standards for vegetable seeds in
interstate commerce, which shall be construed to include hard seed, are
determined and established under section 403(c) of the act:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artichoke.................................................... 60
Asparagus.................................................... 70
Asparagusbean................................................ 75
Bean, garden................................................. 70
Bean, lima................................................... 70
Bean, runner................................................. 75
Beet......................................................... 65
Broadbean.................................................... 75
Broccoli..................................................... 75
Brussels sprouts............................................. 70
Burdock, great............................................... 60
Cabbage...................................................... 75
Cabbage, tronchuda........................................... 70
Cardoon...................................................... 60
Carrot....................................................... 55
Cauliflower.................................................. 75
Celeriac..................................................... 55
Celery....................................................... 55
Chard, Swiss................................................. 65
Chicory...................................................... 65
Chinese cabbage.............................................. 75
Chives....................................................... 50
Citron....................................................... 65
Collards..................................................... 80
Corn, sweet.................................................. 75
Cornsalad.................................................... 70
Cowpea....................................................... 75
Cress, garden................................................ 75
Cress, upland................................................ 60
Cress, water................................................. 40
Cucumber..................................................... 80
Dandelion.................................................... 60
Dill......................................................... 60
Eggplant..................................................... 60
Endive....................................................... 70
Kale......................................................... 75
Kale, Chinese................................................ 75
Kale, Siberian............................................... 75
Kohlrabi..................................................... 75
Leek......................................................... 60
Lettuce...................................................... 80
Melon........................................................ 75
Mustard, India............................................... 75
Mustard, spinach............................................. 75
Okra......................................................... 50
Onion........................................................ 70
Onion, Welsh................................................. 70
Pak-choi..................................................... 75
Parsley...................................................... 60
Parsnip...................................................... 60
Pea.......................................................... 80
Pepper....................................................... 55
Pumpkin...................................................... 75
Radish....................................................... 75
Rhubarb...................................................... 60
Rutabaga..................................................... 75
Sage......................................................... 60
Salsify...................................................... 75
Savory, summer............................................... 55
Sorrel....................................................... 65
Soybean...................................................... 75
Spinach...................................................... 60
Spinach, New Zealand......................................... 40
Squash....................................................... 75
Tomato....................................................... 75
Tomato, husk................................................. 50
Turnip....................................................... 80
Watermelon................................................... 70
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Section 201.34 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(5) and
reserving paragraph (e) to read as follows: Sec. 201.34 Kind, variety,
and type; treatment substances; designation as hybrid.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(5) Names of varieties which through broad general usage prior to
July 28, 1956 were recognized variety names, except for hybrid seed
corn, shall be considered variety names without regard to the
principles stated in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
* * * * *
(e) [Reserved]
Sec. 201.366 [Amended]
12. Section 201.36b, paragraph (b) is amended by removing ``pole''
and adding in its place ``(pole) garden''.
13. Section 201.36c, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.36c Hermetically-sealed containers.
* * * * *
(c) The seed in the container does not exceed the percentage of
moisture, on a wet weight basis, as listed below:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agricultural seeds Percent
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beet, field.................................................. 7.5
Beet, sugar.................................................. 7.5
Bluegrass, Kentucky.......................................... 6.0
Kale......................................................... 5.0
Kohlrabi..................................................... 5.0
Leek......................................................... 6.5
Lettuce...................................................... 5.5
Melon........................................................ 6.0
Mustard, India............................................... 5.0
Onion........................................................ 6.5
Onion, Welsh................................................. 6.5
Parsley...................................................... 6.5
Parsnip...................................................... 6.0
Pea.......................................................... 7.0
Pepper....................................................... 4.5
Pumpkin...................................................... 6.0
Radish....................................................... 5.0
Rutabaga..................................................... 5.0
Spinach...................................................... 8.0
Squash....................................................... 6.0
Tomato....................................................... 5.5
Turnip....................................................... 5.0
Watermelon................................................... 6.5
All others................................................... 6.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 201.37 [Amended]
14. Section 201.37 is amended by removing ``Consumer and Marketing
Service'' and adding in its place ``Agricultural Marketing Service''.
15. In Sec. 201.43, paragraphs (a) through (e) are revised and a
new paragraph (g) is added to read as follows:
Sec. 201.43 Size of sample.
* * * * *
(a) Two ounces (57 grams) of grass seed not otherwise mentioned,
white or alsike clover, or seeds not larger than these.
(b) Five ounces (142 grams) of red or crimson clover, alfalfa,
lespedeza, ryegrass, bromegrass, millet, flax, rape, or seeds of
similar size.
(c) One pound (454 grams) of sudangrass, proso millet, hemp or
seeds of similar size.
(d) Two pounds (907 grams) of cereals, sorghum, vetch, or seeds of
similar or larger size.
(e) Two quarts (2.2 liters) of screenings.
* * * * *
(g) Coated seed for a purity analysis shall consist of at least
7,500 seed units. Coated seed for noxious-weed seed examination shall
consist of at least 30,000 seed units. Coated seed for germination test
only shall consist of at least 1,000 seed units.
16. Section 201.44 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.44 Forwarding samples.
Before being forwarded for analysis, test, or examination, the
containers of samples shall be properly sealed and identified in such
manner as may be prescribed by the Agricultural Marketing Service.
Samples of coated seed shall be forwarded in firmly packed crush-proof
and moisture-proof containers.
Sec. 201.45 [Amended]
17. Section 201.45(b) is amended by removing ``,'' after the words
``damaging large seeds'' and adding in its place P``and coated
seeds,''.
18. Section 201.46 is amended by adding a new paragraph (d) and
revising Table 1 to read as follows:
Sec. 201.46 Weight of working sample.
* * * * *
(d) Coated seed--(1) Unmixed coated seed. Due to variation in the
weight of coating materials, the size or weight of the working sample
shall be determined separately for each lot. The weight of the working
sample shall be determined by weighing 100 completely coated units and
calculating the weight of 2,500 coated units for the purity analysis
and 25,000 coated units for the noxious-weed seed examination.
(2) Mixtures of coated seed. The working weight shall be determined
in the following manner:
(i) Calculate the weight of the working sample to be used for the
mixture under consideration as though the sample were not coated by
following paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.
(ii) Determine the amount of coating material on 100 coated units
by weighing the coated units. Remove the coating material using the
methods described in Secs. 201.51b (c) and (d). Calculate the
percentage of coating material using the following formulas:
Weight of coating material=weight of 100 coated units--weight of 100
de-coated units;
The percentage of coating material=weight of the coating material
divided by the weight of 100 coated units x 100%.
(iii) The weight of the working sample shall be the product of the
weight calculated in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section multiplied by
100%, divided by 100% minus the percentage of coating material
calculated in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section.
Table 1.--Weight of Working Sample
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
Minimum weight for Approximate
weight for noxious-weed number of
Name of seed purity seed seeds per
analysis examination gram
(Grams) (Grams)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agricultural Seed
Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum..... 65 500 39
Alfalfa--Medicago sativa....... 5 50 500
Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium.. 5 50 440
Alyceclover--Alysicarpus
vaginalis..................... 5 50 665
Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum:
Var. Pensacola............. 5 50 600
All other vars............. 7 50 365
Barley--Hordeum vulgare........ 100 500 30
Barrelclover--Medicago
truncatula.................... 10 100 250
Bean:
Adzuki--Vigna angularis.... 200 500 11
Field--Phaseolus vulgaris.. 500 500 4
Mung--Vigna radiata........ 100 500 24
Beet, field--Beta vulgaris
subsp. vulgaris............... 50 500 55
Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris
subsp. vulgaris............... 50 500 55
Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium
tortuosum..................... 5 50 440
Bentgrass:
Colonial (incl. vars.
Astoria and Highland)--...
Agrostis capillaris........ 0.25 2.5 13,000
Creeping--Agrostis
stolonifera var. palustris 0.25 2.5 13,515
Velvet--Agrostis canina.... 0.25 2.5 18,180
Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon
var. dactylon................. 1 10 3,930
Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon
dactylon var. aridus.......... 1 10 2,950
Bluegrass:
Annual--Poa annua.......... 1 10 2,635
Bulbous--Poa bulbosa....... 4 40 585
Canada--Poa compressa...... 0.5 5 5,050
Glaucantha--Poa glaucantha. 1 10
Kentucky (all vars.)--Poa
pratensis................. 1 10 3,060
Nevada--Poa nevadensis..... 1 10 2,305
Rough--Poa trivialis....... 0.5 5 4,610
Texas--Poa arachnifera..... 1 10 2,500
Wood--Poa nemoralis........ 0.5 5 4,330
Bluejoint--Calamagrostis
canadensis.................... 0.5 5 8,461
Bluestem:
Big--Andropogon gerardii
var. gerardii............. 7 70 320
Little--Schizachyrium
scoparium................. 5 50 525
Sand--Andropogon gerardii
var. paucipilus........... 10 100 215
Yellow--Bothriochloa
ischaemum................. 1 10 1,945
Bottlebrush-squirreltail--
Elymus elymoides.............. 9 90 300
Brome:
Field--Bromus arvensis..... 5 50 465
Meadow--Bromus
biebersteinii............. 13 130 190
Mountain--Bromus marginatus 20 200 140
Smooth--Bromus inermis..... 7 70 315
Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor..... 40 400 60
Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum 50 500 45
Buffalograss--Buchloe
dactyloides:
(Burs)..................... 20 200 110
(Caryopses)................ 3 30 740
Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris:
(Fascicles)................ 6 66 365
(Caryopses)................ 2 20 1,940
Burclover, California--Medicago
polymorpha:
(in bur)................... 50 500
(out of bur)............... 7 70 375
Burclover, spotted--Medicago
arabica:
(in bur)................... 50 500 50
(out of bur)............... 5 50 550
Burnet, little--Sanguisorba
minor......................... 25 250 110
Buttonclover--Medicago
orbicularis................... 7 70 365
Canarygrass--Phalaris
canariensis................... 20 200 150
Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris
arundinacea................... 2 20 1,185
Carpetgrass--Axonopus affinis.. 1 10 2,230
Castorbean--Ricinus communis... 500 500 5
Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus. 5 50 555
Chickpea--Cicer arietinum...... 500 500 2
Clover:
Alsike--Trifolium hybridum. 2 20 1,500
Arrowleaf--Trifolium
vesiculosum............... 4 40 705
Berseem--Trifolium
alexandrinum.............. 5 50 455
Cluster--Trifolium
glomeratum................ 1 10 2,925
Crimson--Trifolium
incarnatum................ 10 100 330
Kenya--Trifolium
semipilosum............... 2 20
Ladino--Trifolium repens... 2 20 1,935
Lappa--Trifolium lappaceum. 2 20 1,500
Large hop--Trifolium
campestre................. 1 10 5,435
Persian--Trifolium
resupinatum............... 2 20 1,415
Red--Trifolium pratense.... 5 50 600
Rose--Trifolium hirtum..... 7 70 360
Small hop--Trifolium dubium 2 20 1,950
Strawberry--Trifolium
fragiferum................ 5 50 635
Sub--Trifolium subterraneum 25 250 120
White--Trifolium repens.... 2 20 1,500
Corn:
Field--Zea mays............ 500 500 3
Pop--Zea mays.............. 500 500 3
Cotton--Gossypium spp.......... 300 500 8
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata
subsp. unguiculata............ 300 500 8
Crambe--Crambe abyssinica...... 25 250
Crested dogtail--Cynosurus
cristatus..................... 2 20 1,900
Crotalaria:
Lance--Crotalaria
lanceolata................ 7 70 375
Showy--Crotalaria
spectabilis............... 25 250 80
Slenderleaf--Crotalaria
brevidens var. intermedia. 10 100 205
Striped--Crotalaria pallida 10 100 215
Sunn--Crotalaria juncea.... 75 500 35
Crownvetch--Coronilla varia.... 10 100 305
Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum 4 40 620
Dichondra--Dichondra repens.... 5 50 470
Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus
cryptandrus................... 0.25 2.5 12,345
Emmer--Triticum dicoccon....... 100 500 25
Fescue:
Chewings--Festuca rubra
subsp. commutata.......... 3 30 900
Hair--Festuca tenuifolia... 1 10
Hard--Festuca trachyphylla. 2 20 1,305
Meadow--Festuca pratensis.. 5 50 495
Red--Festuca rubra subsp.
rubra..................... 3 30 900
Sheep--Festuca ovina var.
ovina..................... 2 20 1,165
Tall--Festuca arundinacea.. 5 50 455
Flax--Linum usitatissimum...... 15 150 180
Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii:
(Other than caryopses)..... 10 100 260
(Caryopses)................ 5 50 580
Grama:
Blue--Bouteloua gracilis... 2 20 1,595
Side-oats--Bouteloua
curtipendula:
(Other than caryopses)..... 6 60 350
(Caryopses)................ 2 20 1,605
Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba.. 75 500 35
Guineagrass--Panicum maximum
var. maximum.................. 2 20 2,205
Hardinggrass--Phalaris
stenoptera.................... 3 30 750
Hemp--Cannabis sativa.......... 50 500 45
Indiangrass, yellow--
Sorghastrum nutans............ 7 70 395
Indigo, hairy--Indigofera
hirsuta....................... 7 70 435
Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia
japonica...................... 2 20 1,325
Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense 10 100 265
Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus..... 50 500
Kochia, forage--Kochia
prostrata..................... 2 20 1,070
Kudzu--Pueraria montana var.
lobata........................ 25 250 80
Lentil--Lens culinaris......... 120 500 14-23
Lespedeza:
Korean--Kummerowia
stipulacea................ 5 50 525
Sericea--Lespedeza cuneata. 3 30 820
Siberian--Lespedeza juncea. 3 30 820
Striate--Kummerowia striata 5 50 750
Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis
trichodes..................... 1 10 3,585
Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis
curvula....................... 1 10 3,270
Lupine:
Blue--Lupinus angustifolius 500 500 7
White--Lupinus albus....... 500 500 7
Yellow--Lupinus luteus..... 300 500 9
Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella... 2 20
Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus
pratensis..................... 3 30 893
Medic, black--Medicago lupulina 5 50 585
Milkvetch--Astragalus cicer.... 9 90 270
Millet:
Browntop--Brachiaria ramosa 8 80 315
Foxtail--Setaria italica... 5 50 480
Japanese--Echinochloa
frumentacea............... 9 90 315
Pearl--Pennisetum glaucum.. 15 150 180
Proso--Panicum miliaceum... 15 150 185
Molassesgrass--Melinis
minutiflora................... 0.5 5 7,750
Mustard:
Black--Brassica nigra...... 2 20 1,255
India--Brassica juncea..... 5 50 625
White--Sinapis alba........ 15 150 160
Napiergrass--Pennisetum
purpureum..................... 5 50
Needlegrass, green--Stipa
viridula...................... 7 70 370
Oat--Avena spp................. 75 500 35-50
Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum
elatius....................... 6 60 417
Orchardgrass--Dactylis
glomerata..................... 3 30 945
Panicgrass, blue--Panicum
antidotale.................... 2 20 1,370
Panicgrass, green--Panicum
maximum var. trichoglume...... 2 20 1,305
Pea, field--Pisum sativum...... 500 500 4
Peanut--Arachis hypogaea....... 500 500 1-3
Rape:
Annual--Brassica napus var.
annua..................... 7 70 345
Bird--Brassica rapa........ 7 70 425
Turnip--Brassica rapa...... 5 50 535
Winter--Brassica napus var.
biennis................... 10 100 230
Redtop--Agrostis gigantea...... 0.25 2.5 10,695
Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus 20 200 115
Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana.... 1 10 4,725
Rice--Oryza sativa............. 50 500 65
Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis
hymenoides.................... 7 70 355
Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus.... 75 500 40
Rye--Secale cereale............ 75 500 40
Rye, mountain--Secale montanum. 28 280 90
Ryegrass:
Annual--Lolium multiflorum. 5 50 420
Intermediate--Lolium x
hybridum.................. 8 80 338
Perennial--Lolium perenne.. 5 50 530
Wimmera--Lolium rigidum.... 5 50
Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius 100 500 30
Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia
ludoviciana................... 0.5 5 8,900
Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia 50 500 50
Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex
canescens..................... 15 150 165
Sesame--Sesamum indicum........ 7 70 360
Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata.... 25 250 105
Smilo--Oryzopsis miliacea...... 2 20 2,010
Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor....... 50 500 55
Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum. 15 150 150
Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x
drummondii.................... 65 500 38
Sorgrass\1\.................... 15 150 135
Sourclover--Melilotus indicus.. 5 50 660
Soybean--Glycine max........... 500 500 6-13
Spelt--Triticum spelta......... 100 500 25
Sudangrass--Sorghum x
drummondii.................... 25 250 100
Sunflower (Cult.)--Helianthus
annuus........................ 100 500
Sweetclover:
White--Melilotus albus..... 5 50 570
Yellow--Melilotus
officinalis............... 5 50 570
Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum
odoratum...................... 2 20 1,600
Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum
boreale....................... 19 190 130
Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum.. 4 40 570
Timothy--Phleum pratense....... 1 10 2,565
Timothy, turf--Phleum
bertolonii.................... 1 10 2,565
Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum..... 0.5 5 15,625
Trefoil:
Big--Lotus uliginosus...... 2 20 1,945
Birdsfoot--Lotus
corniculatus.............. 3 30 815
Triticale--x Triticosecale..... 100 500
Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei.. 3 30 970
Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina.. 4 40 655
Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens
var. utilis................... 500 500 2
Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus.... 1 10 3,360
Vetch:
Common--Vicia sativa subsp.
sativa.................... 150 500 19
Hairy--Vicia villosa subsp.
villosa................... 75 500 35
Hungarian--Vicia pannonica. 100 500 24
Monantha--Vicia articulata. 100 500
Narrowleaf--Vicia sativa
subsp. nigra.............. 50 500 60
Purple--Vicia benghalensis. 100 500 22
Woollypod--Vicia villosa
subsp. varia.............. 100 500 25
Wheat:
Common--Triticum aestivum.. 100 500 25
Club--Triticum compactum... 100 500 25
Durum--Triticum durum...... 100 500 25
Polish--Triticum polonicum. 100 500 25
Poulard--Triticum turgidum. 100 500 25
Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x
Agrotriticum.................. 65 500 38
Wheatgrass:
Beardless--Elytrigia
spicata................... 8 80 275
Fairway crested--Agropyron
cristatum................. 4 40 685
Standard crested--Agropyron
desertorum................ 5 50 425
Intermediate--Elytrigia
intermedia subsp.
intermedia................ 15 150 175
Pubescent--Elytrigia
intermedia subsp.
barbulata................. 15 150 180
Siberian--Agropyron fragile
subsp. sibiricum.......... 5 50
Slender--Elymus
trachycaulus.............. 7 70 295
Streambank--Elytrigia
dasystachya............... 10 50 370
Tall--Elytrigia elongata... 15 150 165
Western--Elymus smithii.... 10 100 250
Wildrye:
Basin--Leymus cinereus..... 8 80 317
Canada--Elymus canadensis.. 11 110 190
Russian--Psathyrostachys
juncea.................... 6 60 360
Vegetable Seed
Artichoke--Cynara scolymus..... 100 500 24
Asparagus--Asparagus
officinalis................... 100 500 25
Asparagusbean--Vigna
unguiculata subsp.
sesquipedalis................. 300 500 8
Bean:
Garden--Phaseolus vulgaris. 500 500 4
Lima--Phaseolus lunatus.... 500 500 2
Runner--Phaseolus coccineus 500 500 1
Beet--Beta vulgaris subsp.
vulgaris...................... 50 300 60
Broadbean--Vicia faba.......... 500 500
Broccoli--Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis................. 10 50 315
Brussels sprouts--Brassica
oleracea var. gemmifera....... 10 50 315
Burdock, great--Arctium lappa.. 15 150
Cabbage--Brassica oleracea var.
capitata...................... 10 50 315
Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica
pekinensis.................... 5 50 635
Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica
oleracea var. costata......... 10 100
Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus.... 100 500
Carrot--Daucus carota subsp.
sativus....................... 3 50 825
Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis................. 10 50 315
Celeriac--Apium graveolens var.
rapaceum...................... 1 25 2,520
Celery--Apium graveolens var.
dulce......................... 1 25 2,520
Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris
subsp. cicla.................. 50 300 60
Chicory--Cichorium intybus..... 3 50 940
Chives--Allium schoenoprasum... 5 50
Citron--Citrullus lanatus var.
citroides..................... 200 500 11
Collards--Brassica oleracea
var. acephala................. 10 50 315
Corn, sweet--Zea mays.......... 500 500
Cornsalad--Valerianella
locusta:
Vars. Fullhearted and Dark
Green Fullhearted......... 5 50
All other vars............. 10 50 380
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata
subsp. unguiculata............ 300 500 8
Cress:
Garden--Lepidium sativum... 5 50 425
Upland--Barbarea verna..... 2 35 1,160
Water--Nasturtium
officinale................ 1 25 5,170
Cucumber--Cucumis sativus...... 75 500 40
Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale 2 35 1,240
Dill--Anethum graveolens....... 3 50 800
Eggplant--Solanum melongena.... 10 50 230
Endive--Cichorium endivia...... 3 50 940
Gherkin, West India--Cucumis
anguria....................... 16 160 153
Kale--Brassica oleracea var.
acephala...................... 10 50 315
Kale, Chinese--Brassica
oleracea var. alboglabra...... 10 50
Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus
var. pabularia................ 8 80 325
Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea
var. gongylodes............... 10 50 315
Leek--Allium porrum............ 7 50 395
Lettuce--Lactuca sativa........ 3 50 890
Melon--Cucumis melo............ 50 500 45
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea 5 50 625
Mustard, spinach--Brassica
perviridis.................... 5 50 535
Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus... 100 500 19
Onion--Allium cepa............. 7 50 340
Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum 10 50
Pak-choi--Brassica chinensis... 5 50 635
Parsley--Petroselinum crispum.. 5 50 650
Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa...... 5 50 430
Pea--Pisum sativum............. 500 500 3
Pepper--Capsicum spp........... 15 150 165
Pumpkin--Cucurbita maxima, C.
moschata, and C. pepo......... 500 500 5
Radish--Raphanus sativus....... 30 300 75
Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum..... 50 300 60
Rutabaga--Brassica napus var.
napobrassica.................. 5 50 430
Sage--Salvia officinalis....... 25 150 120
Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius 50 300 65
Savory, summer--Satureja
hortensis..................... 2 35 1,750
Sorrel--Rumex acetosa.......... 2 35 1,080
Soybean--Glycine max........... 500 500 6-13
Spinach--Spinacia oleracea..... 25 150 100
Spinach, New Zealand--
Tetragonia tetragonioides..... 200 500 13
Squash--Cucurbita maxima, C.
moschata, and C. pepo......... 200 500 14
Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum 5 50 405
Tomato, husk--Physalis
pubescens..................... 2 35 1,240
Turnip--Brassica rapa.......... 5 50 535
Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus
var. lanatus.................. 200 500 11
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a
johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.
19. Section 201.47 is amended by revising paragraph (e) and adding
a new paragraph (f) to read as follows:
Sec. 201.47 Separation.
* * * * *
(e) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a)
shall be used for the separation of pure seed and inert matter in seeds
of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Canada bluegrass (P. compressa),
rough bluegrass (P. trivialis), Pensacola variety of bahiagrass
(Paspalum notatum), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), side-oats grama
(Bouteloua curtipendula), and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis).
(f) Procedures for purity analysis for coated seed are given in
Sec. 201.51b.
20. Section 201.47a is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(3),
(b)(4), and (g) to read as follows:
Sec. 201.47a Seed unit.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(3) Entire spikelets in bentgrasses and redtop (Agrostis spp.);
browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa); rice (Oryza sativa); panicgrasses,
guineagrass, proso millet, and switchgrass (Panicum spp.); dallisgrass,
bahiagrass, and vaseygrass (Paspalum spp.); and foxtail millet (Setaria
italica). Entire spikelets which may have attached rachis segments,
pedicels, and sterile spikelets in bluestems (Andropogon spp.); yellow
bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum); bottlebrush-squirreltail (Elymus
elymoides); little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium); yellow
indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans); and broomcorn, johnsongrass, sorghum,
sorghum-sudangrass, sorghum almum, sorgrass, and sudangrass (Sorghum
spp.);
(4) Spikelet groups:
(i) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as a unit in galletagrass
(Hilaria jamesii);
(ii) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as units with attached
rachis and internodes in bluestems (Andropogon spp., Bothriochloa
ischaemum, and Schizachyrium scoparium), side-oats grama (Bouteloua
curtipendula), and yellow indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans);
* * * * *
(g) ``Seed balls'' or portions thereof in multigerm beets (Beta
vulgaris), and fruits with accessory structures such as occur in other
Chenopodiaceae and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides). For
forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) refer to Sec. 201.48(j) and
Sec. 201.51(a)(7).
21. In Sec. 201.48, paragraphs (g)(2), (g)(3), (h), and (i) are
revised and a new paragraph (j) is added to read as follows:
Sec. 201.48 Kind or variety considered pure seed.
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(2) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a)
shall be used to determine classification of florets into pure seed or
inert matter for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Canada bluegrass
(P. compressa), rough bluegrass (P. trivialis), Pensacola variety of
bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), side-
oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula); and blue grama (Bouteloua
gracilis).
(3) Special purity procedures for Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra
subsp. commutata), red fescue (F. rubra subsp. rubra), orchardgrass
(Dactylis glomerata), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum or A.
desertorum), pubescent wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia subsp.
barbulata), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia subsp.
intermedia), smooth brome (Bromus inermis), western wheatgrass (Elymus
smithii), and tall wheatgrass (Elytrigia elongata) are listed in
Sec. 201.51a(b).
* * * * *
(h) Seed units with nematode galls, fungal bodies (i.e. ergot,
other sclerotia, and smut) and spongy or corky caryopses that are
entirely enclosed within the seed unit. Refer to Sec. 201.51(c)(1) for
inert matter classification.
(i) Seed units of beet (Beta vulgaris) and other Chenopodiaceae,
and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides). Refer to
Sec. 201.47a(g) and Sec. 201.51(a)(6) for definitions of seed units and
inert matter, respectively.
(j) Seed units of forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) that are
retained in a 1 mm opening square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30
seconds. For inert matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(a)(7).
22. Section 201.49 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.49 Other crop seed.
(a) Seeds of plants grown as crops (other than the kind(s) and
variety(ies) included in the pure seed) shall be considered other crop
seeds, unless recognized as weed seeds by applicable laws, or
regulations, or by general usage. All interpretations and definitions
for ``pure seed'' in Sec. 201.48 shall also apply in determining
whether seeds are ``other crop seed'' or ``inert matter'' with the
following two exceptions which may be applied as acceptable
alternatives:
(1) Uniform Blowing Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(a) for kinds listed
in Sec. 201.47(e) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all seed units
(as defined in Sec. 201.47a) for these kinds found in the working
sample shall be manually separated into pure seed and inert matter.
Only units containing at least one caryopsis with some degree of
endosperm development which can be detected either by slight pressure
or by examination over light are considered other crop seed.
(2) Multiple Unit Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(b) for kinds listed in
Sec. 201.48(g)(3) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all multiple
units and single units (as defined in Sec. 201.51a(b)) for these kinds
found in the working sample shall be manually separated into single
florets. Each floret containing a caryopsis with some degree of
endosperm development, which can be detected either by slight pressure
or examination over light, is considered other crop seed. Empty florets
and glumes, if present, are considered inert matter. Refer to
Sec. 201.51(a)(4).
(b) [Reserved]
23. Section 201.50 paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.50 Weed seed.
* * * * *
(c) Wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets that have any
part of the husk remaining and are not damaged at the basal end are
considered weed seeds regardless of size. Bulblets that are completely
devoid of husk, and are not damaged at the basal end, and are retained
by a 1/13th-inch (1.9 mm) round-hole sieve are considered weed seeds.
For wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets classed as inert
matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(b)(5).
24. Section 201.51 paragraphs (a)(5), (a)(6), and (c)(2) are
revised and new paragraphs (a)(7), (a)(8), and (c)(3) are added to read
as follows:
Sec. 201.51 Inert matter.
(a) * * *
(5) Seed units with nematode galls or fungal bodies (smut, ergot,
and other sclerotia) that are not entirely enclosed within the seed
unit. Refer to Sec. 201.48(h) for pure seed classification.
(6) Broken seed units of Chenopodiaceae and fruit portions or
fragments of monogerm beets (Beta vulgaris), New Zealand spinach
(Tetragonia tetragonioides), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), and
families in which the seed unit is a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit
that visibly do not contain a seed. Refer to Sec. 201.48(f), (g)(1),
(i), and (j) for pure seed classification.
(7) Seed units of forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) that pass
through a 1 mm opening, square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds.
(8) The thin pericarp (fruit wall), if present on seeds of northern
sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale).
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(2) Soil particles, sand, stone, chaff, stems, leaves, flowers,
loose coating material, and any other foreign material.
(3) Coating material removed from coated seed by washing. Refer to
Sec. 201.51b(c).
25. Section 201.51a is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.51a Special procedures for purity analysis.
(a) The Uniform Blowing Procedure shall be used for the separation
of pure seed and inert matter in the following: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa
pratensis); Canada bluegrass (P. compressa); rough bluegrass (P.
trivialis); Pensacola variety of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum);
orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata); blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis); and
side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula). When kinds listed in this
section appear in mixtures they shall be separated from other kinds
before using the Uniform Blowing Procedure. To determine the blowing
point for these procedures, individual calibration samples for Kentucky
bluegrass, orchardgrass, and Pensacola variety of bahiagrass shall be
used. The calibration sample for Kentucky bluegrass shall be used for
Canada bluegrass and rough bluegrass. The blowing point for Canada
bluegrass shall be the same as the blowing point determined for
Kentucky bluegrass. The blowing point for rough bluegrass shall be a
factor of 0.82 (82 percent) of the blowing point determined for
Kentucky bluegrass. The 0.82 factor is restricted to the General-type
seed blower. The blowing point for blue grama shall be a factor of
1.157 of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before
blowing, extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing
process shall be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into
four approximately equal parts and each blown separately. The 1.157
factor is restricted to the General-type seed blower. The blowing point
for side-oats grama shall be a factor of 1.480 of the blowing point
determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before blowing, extraneous material
that will interfere with the blowing process shall be removed. The
sample to be blown shall be divided into four approximately equal parts
and each part blown separately. The 1.480 factor is restricted to the
General-type seed blower. Calibration samples and instructions are
available through the Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, LS, AMS,
Building 306, room 213, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. The calibration
samples shall be used to establish a blowing point prior to proceeding
with the separation of pure seed and inert matter for these kinds.
After completing the blowing procedure, remove all weed and other crop
seeds from the light portion and add these to the weed or other crop
separation, as appropriate. The remainder of the light portion shall be
considered inert matter. Remove all weed and other crop seeds and other
inert matter (stems, leaves, dirt) from the heavy portion and add these
to the weed seed, other crop seed, or inert matter separations, as
appropriate. The remainder of the heavy portion shall be considered
pure seed. With orchardgrass, after the blowing, proceed with the
multiple unit procedure.
(b) The Multiple Unit Procedure of determining the pure seed
fraction shall be used only for the kinds included in the following
table when multiple units are present in a sample. These methods are
applicable to the kinds listed when they occur in mixtures or singly.
Any single unit without attached structures, as described below, shall
be considered a single unit. Multiple units and single units for the
kinds listed shall remain intact. The attached glumes and fertile or
sterile florets shall not be removed from the fertile floret.
(1) A multiple unit is a seed unit that includes one or more
structures as follows (the length of the awn shall be disregarded when
determining the length of a fertile floret or an attached structure):
(i) An attached sterile or fertile floret that extends to or beyond
the tip of a fertile floret;
(ii) A fertile floret with basally attached glume, glumes, or
basally attached sterile floret of any length;
(iii) A fertile floret with two or more attached sterile and/or
fertile florets of any length.
(2) Procedure for determination of multiple units:
(i) For the single kind: determine the percentage of single units
present, based on the total weight of single units and multiple units.
Apply the appropriate factor, as determined from the following table,
to the weight of the multiple units and add that portion of the
multiple unit weight to the weight of the single units. The remaining
multiple unit weight shall be added to the weight of the inert matter.
(ii) For mixtures that include one or more of the kinds in the
following table, determine the percentage of single units, based on the
total weight of single units and multiple units, for each kind. Apply
the appropriate factor as determined from the following table, to the
weight of multiple units of each kind.
Table of Factors to Apply to Multiple Unitsa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crested Pubescent Tall Western
Percent of single units of each kind Chewings Red Orchard- wheat- wheat- Intermediate wheat- wheat- Smooth
fescue fescue grass grassb grass wheat-grass grassc grassc brome
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50 or below....................................... 91 80 80 70 66 72 ......... ......... 72
50.01-55.00....................................... 91 81 81 72 67 74 ......... ......... 74
55.01-60.00....................................... 91 82 81 73 67 75 ......... ......... 75
60.01-65.00....................................... 91 83 82 74 67 76 ......... ......... 76
65.01-70.00....................................... 91 84 82 75 68 77 ......... 60 78
70.01-75.00....................................... 91 86 82 76 68 78 ......... 66 79
75.01-80.00....................................... 91 87 83 77 69 79 50 67 81
80.01-85.00....................................... 91 88 83 78 69 80 55 68 82
85.01-90.00....................................... 91 89 83 79 69 81 65 70 83
90.01-100.00...................................... 91 90 84 79 70 82 70 74 85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aThe factors represent the percentages of the multiple unit weights which are considered pure seed. The remaining percentage is regarded as inert matter
bIncludes both Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum.
cDashes in table indicate that no factors are available at the levels shown.
26. New Sec. 201.51b is added to read as follows:
Sec. 201.51b Purity procedures for coated seed.
(a) The working sample for coated seed is obtained as described in
Sec. 201.46(d) (1) and (2), and weighed in grams to four significant
figures.
(b) Any loose coating material shall be sieved, weighed, and
included with the inert matter component.
(c) Coating material is removed from the seed by washing with water
or other solvents such as, but not limited to, diluted sodium hydroxide
(NaOH). Use of fine mesh sieves is recommended for this procedure, and
stirring or shaking the coated units may be necessary to obtain de-
coated seed.
(d) Spread de-coated seed on blotters or filter paper in a shallow
container. Air dry overnight at room temperature.
(e) Separation of component parts:
(1) Kind or variety considered pure seed.
(2) Other crop seed.
(3) Inert matter.
(4) Weed seed.
(f) The de-coated seed shall be separated into four components in
accordance with Secs. 201.48 through 201.51. Sections 201.51a (a) and
(b) shall not be followed. The weight of the coating material is
determined by subtracting the sum of the weights of the other four
components from the original weight of the working sample. The
percentage of coating material shall be included with the inert matter
percentage. Calculate percentages of all components based on the
original weight of the working sample (see paragraph (a) of this
section).
27. Section 201.52 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.52 Noxious-weed seeds.
(a) The determination of the number of seeds, bulblets, or tubers
of individual noxious weeds present per unit weight should be made on
at least the minimum quantities listed in Sec. 201.46 Table 1:
Provided, That if the following indicated numbers of a single kind of
seed, bulblet, or tuber are found in the pure seed analysis (or
noxious-weed seed examination of a like amount) the occurrence of that
kind in the remainder of the bulk examined for noxious-weed seeds need
not be noted: \1/2\-gram purity working sample, 16 or more seeds; 1-
gram purity working sample, 23 or more seeds; 2-gram purity working
sample or larger, 30 or more seeds. The seeds per unit weight shall be
based on the number of single seeds. The number of individual seeds
shall be determined in burs of sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) and cocklebur
(Xanthium spp.); in capsules of dodder (Cuscuta spp.); in berries of
groundcherry, horsenettle, and nightshade (Solanaceae); and in the
fruits of other noxious weeds that contain more than one seed. Refer to
Secs. 201.50 and 201.51(b)(4) for the classification of weed seeds and
inert matter, respectively.
(b) A noxious-weed seed examination of coated seed samples shall be
made by examining approximately 25,000 units obtained in accordance
with Sec. 201.46(d) and which have been de-coated by the method
described in Sec. 201.51b(c).
28. Section 201.54 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.54 Number of seeds for germination.
At least 400 seeds shall be tested for germination except that in
mixtures 200 seeds of each of those kinds present to the extent of 15
percent or less may be used in lieu of 400, in which case an additional
2 percent is to be added to the regular germination tolerances. The
seeds shall be tested in replicate tests of 100 seeds or less.
29. In Sec. 201.56, paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (e) are revised
to read as follows:
Sec. 201.56 Interpretation.
(a) A seed shall be considered to have germinated when it has
developed those essential structures which, for the kind of seed under
consideration, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant
under favorable conditions. In general, the following are considered to
be essential structures necessary for the continued development of the
seedling (although some structures may not be visible in all kinds at
the time of seedling evaluation). Seedlings possessing these essential
structures are referred to as normal seedlings:
(1) Root system, consisting of primary, secondary, seminal, or
adventitious roots.
(2) Hypocotyl.
(3) Epicotyl.
(4) Cotyledon(s).
(5) Terminal bud.
(6) Primary leaves.
(7) Coleoptile and mesocotyl (in the grass family).
(b) Abnormal seedlings consist of those with defects to these
structures, as described in the abnormal seedling descriptions, and are
judged to be incapable of continued growth.
(c) The seedling descriptions assume that test conditions were
adequate to allow proper assessment of the essential seedling
structures.
* * * * *
(e) Standard guides for seedling interpretation shall include the
following descriptions for specific kinds and groups. The ``General
Description'' for each group of crop kinds describes a seedling without
defects. While such a seedling is clearly normal, seedlings with some
defects may also be classified as normal, provided the defects do not
impair the functioning of the structure. The ``Abnormal seedling
description'' is to be followed when judging the severity of defects.
30. Sections 201.56-1 through 201.56-12 are revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 201.56-1 Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae, and Carpetweed family,
Aizoaceae.
Kinds of seed: Beet, Swiss chard, fourwing saltbush, spinach, New
Zealand spinach, and forage kochia.
(a) General description.
(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(2) Food reserves: Leaf-like cotyledons and perisperm.
(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any
development within the test period.
(4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may develop within
the test period.
(5) Seedling: Frequent counts should be made on multigerm beet
since the growing seedlings will separate from the cluster making it
difficult to identify the source. Any cluster which produces at least
one normal seedling is classified as normal; only one normal seedling
per cluster is to be counted (see Sec. 201.56(d)). Toxic substances
from the clusters of beet and Swiss chard may cause discoloring of the
hypocotyl and/or root. Seedlings which are slightly discolored are to
be classified as normal; however, if there is excessive discoloration,
retest by the method in Sec. 201.58(b)(3).
(b) Abnormal seedling description.
(1) Cotyledons:
(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(2) Epicotyl:
(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are
intact.)
(3) Hypocotyl:
(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(iii) Watery.
(4) Root:
(i) None.
(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots.
(iii) For discolored roots of beet and Swiss chard, see
Sec. 201.58(b)(3).
(5) Seedling:
(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection. (For discolored seedlings of beet and Swiss
chard, see Sec. 201.58(b)(3).)
(ii) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-2 Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae).
Kinds of seed: Artichoke, cardoon, chicory, dandelion, endive,
great burdock, lettuce, safflower, salsify, Louisiana sagewort, and
sunflower.
(a) Lettuce.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like, and photosynthetic. The cotyledons of some varieties develop
elongated petioles.
(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show
any development within the test period.
(iv) Root system: A long primary root.
(v) Seedling: The interpretations of lettuce seedlings are made
only at the end of the test period.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledons:
(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay. (Remove attached seed coat for evaluation of
cotyledons. Physiological necrosis is manifested by discolored areas on
the cotyledons and should not be confused with natural pigmentation of
some lettuce varieties.)
(ii) Epicotyl:
(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are
intact.)
(B) Any degree of necrosis or decay.
(iii) Hypocotyl:
(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(B) Severely twisted or grainy.
(C) Watery.
(iv) Root:
(A) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will
not compensate for a defective root.)
(B) Primary root tip blunt, swollen, or discolored. (Toxic
materials in the substratum may cause short, blunt roots; see
Sec. 201.58(a)(9).)
(C) Primary root with splits or lesions.
(v) Seedling:
(A) Swollen cotyledons associated with extremely short or vestigial
hypocotyl and root.
(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(C) Albino.
(b) Other kinds in the sunflower family: Artichoke, cardoon,
chicory, dandelion, endive, great burdock, safflower, salsify,
Louisiana sagewort, and sunflower.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like, and photosynthetic.
(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show
any development within the test period.
(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots usually
developing within the test period.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledons:
(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
(ii) Epicotyl:
(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are
intact.)
(iii) Hypocotyl:
(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(C) Watery.
(iv) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots. (Seedlings with roots bound within tough seed coats
should be left in the test until the final count to allow for
development.)
(v) Seedling:
(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(B) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-3 Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).
Kinds of seed: Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese
cabbage, cauliflower, collards, garden cress, upland cress, water
cress, kale, Chinese kale, Siberian kale, kohlrabi, mustard, pak-choi,
radish, rape, rutabaga, and turnip.
(a) General description.
(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like and photosynthetic. In Brassica, Sinapis, and Raphanus, the
cotyledons are bi-lobed and folded, with the outer cotyledon being
larger than the inner.
(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the
cotyledons above the soil surface; the epicotyl usually does not show
any development within the test period.
(4) Root system: A long primary root.
(b) Abnormal seedling description.
(1) Cotyledons:
(i) Decayed at point of attachment.
(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(iii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(2) Epicotyl:
(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are
intact.)
(3) Hypocotyl:
(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(iii) Watery.
(4) Root:
(i) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will
not compensate for a defective root.)
(5) Seedling:
(i) One or more essential structures impaired as result of decay
from primary infection.
(ii) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-4 Cucurbit family, Cucurbitaceae.
Kinds of seed: Citron, cucumber, West India gherkin, melon,
pumpkin, squash, and watermelon.
(a) General description.
(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy; they
expand, become photosynthetic, and usually persist beyond the seedling
stage.
(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and the cotyledons are
pulled free of the seed coat, which often adheres to a peg-like
appendage at the base of the hypocotyl. The epicotyl usually does not
show any development within the test period.
(4) Root system: A long primary root with numerous secondary roots.
(b) Abnormal seedling description.
(1) Cotyledons:
(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
(2) Epicotyl:
(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are
intact.)
(3) Hypocotyl:
(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(4) Root:
(i) None.
(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root, with less than two
strong secondary or adventitious roots.
(5) Seedling:
(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(ii) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-5 Grass family, Poaceae (Gramineae).
Kinds of seed: Bentgrasses, bluegrasses, bluestems, bromes,
cereals, fescues, millets, orchardgrass, redtop, ryegrasses, sorghums,
timothy, turf timothy, wheatgrasses, and all other grasses listed in
Sec. 201.2(h).
(a) Cereals: Agrotricum, barley, oat, rye, mountain rye, wheat,
wheat x agrotricum, and triticale.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates
and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl may elongate
depending on the variety and light intensity, but may not be
discernible. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result
of growth and emergence of the leaves.
(iv) Root system: A primary root and seminal roots. The primary
root is not readily distinguishable from the seminal roots; therefore,
all roots arising from the seed are referred to as seminal roots.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Shoot:
(A) Missing.
(B) No leaf.
(C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
(D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
(E) Spindly or watery.
(F) Grainy, spirally twisted, shredded, and weak.
(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
(ii) Root:
(A) Less than one strong seminal root.
(iii) Seedling:
(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(C) Albino.
(D) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g.
kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).
(E) Thickened and shortened roots and/or shoots.
(b) Rice.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates
and pushes through the soil or water surface; the mesocotyl may
elongate depending on the variety and environmental conditions.
Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and
emergence of the leaves.
(iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots.
Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or
coleoptilar node within the test period. If the mesocotyl elongates,
the adventitious roots will be carried above the grain.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Shoot:
(A) Missing.
(B) No leaf.
(C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
(D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
(E) Spindly or watery.
(F) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
(ii) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Weak primary root with insufficient seminal or adventitious
roots.
(iii) Seedling:
(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(C) Albino.
(c) Corn.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates
and pushes through
the soil surface. The mesocotyl usually elongates. Splitting of the
coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the
leaves. A twisted and curled shoot bound by a tough seed coat may be
considered normal, provided the shoot is not decayed.
(iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots.
Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or
coleoptilar node within the test period.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Shoot:
(A) Missing.
(B) Thickened and shortened.
(C) No leaf.
(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
(F) Spindly or watery.
(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
(ii) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak seminal roots.
(iii) Seedling:
(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(C) Albino.
(d) Johnsongrass, sorghum, sorgrass, sorghum almum, sudangrass, and
sorghum-sudangrass.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified
cotyledon which is in direct contact with endosperm. During germination
the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the
endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates
and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl usually elongates.
Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the mesocotyl and
coleoptile. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of
growth and emergence of the leaves.
(iv) Root system: A long primary root, usually with secondary roots
developing within the test period. Adventitious roots may start to
develop from the mesocotyl or coleoptilar node within the test period.
Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the root.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Shoot:
(A) Missing.
(B) Thickened and shortened.
(C) No leaf.
(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
(F) Spindly or watery.
(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
(ii) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Damaged or weak primary root with less than two strong
secondary roots.
(iii) Seedling:
(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(C) Albino.
(e) Grasses and millets.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified
cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During
germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients
from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.
(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates
and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl may or may not
elongate significantly, depending on the kind. Splitting of the
coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the
leaves.
(iv) Root system: A long primary root. Secondary or adventitious
roots may develop within the test period. In certain kinds (e.g.
bermudagrass) the primary root may not be readily visible because it is
coiled inside the tightly fitting lemma and palea. At the time of
evaluation, the glumes should be removed and the root observed. Such
seedlings are classified as normal if the primary root has developed.
For Kentucky bluegrass, a primary root \1/16\ inch (1.6 mm) or more in
length is classified as normal.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Shoot:
(A) Missing.
(B) Short, thick, and grainy.
(C) No leaf.
(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
(F) Spindly or watery.
(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
(ii) Root:
(A) Missing or defective primary root even if other roots are
present.
(B) Spindly, stubby, or watery primary root.
(iii) Seedling:
(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(C) Albino.
(D) Yellow (when grown in light).
(E) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g.
kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).
Sec. 201.56-6 Legume or pea family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae).
Kinds of seed: Alfalfa, alyceclover, asparagusbean, beans
(Phaseolus spp.), Florida beggarweed, black medic, broadbean,
burclovers, buttonclover, chickpea, clovers (Trifolium spp.), cowpea,
crotalarias, crownvetch, guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lentil, lespedezas,
lupines, northern sweetvetch, peas, peanut, roughpea, sainfoin,
sesbania, sourclover, soybean, sweetclovers, trefoils, velvetbean, and
vetches.
(a) Field bean, garden bean, lima bean, mung bean, asparagusbean,
and cowpea.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy.
(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl elongates, causing the
terminal bud to emerge from between the cotyledons; the primary leaves
expand rapidly.
(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledons:
(A) For garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris in part), remove any
attached seed coats at the end of the test period for evaluation of
cotyledons:
(1) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(2) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(B) All other kinds:
(1) Both missing and the seedling generally weak.
(ii) Epicotyl:
(A) Missing.
(B) Deep open cracks.
(C) Malformed, such as markedly curled or thickened.
(D) Less than one primary leaf.
(E) Primary leaves too small in proportion to the rest of the
seedling, usually associated with visible defects of, or damage to, the
main stem of the epicotyl.
(F) Terminal bud missing or damaged. (If a few seedlings with total
or partial decay to the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as
normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on
such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry
environment and exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or sand,
will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)
(iii) Hypocotyl:
(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. (A
healed break, sometimes referred to as a ``knee,'' is considered
normal.)
(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling orientation or
constriction on or in the substratum.) (Hypocotyl collar rot is the
breakdown of hypocotyl tissue initially characterized by a watery
appearance and collapse of the hypocotyl below the cotyledonary node.
The area later becomes discolored, shrivelled, and necrotic. The
condition is caused by insufficient calcium available to the seedling.
If hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings of garden bean, the
sample involved shall be retested in accordance with
Sec. 201.58(b)(12).)
(iv) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots. (A root bound within a tough seed coat is
considered normal.)
(v) Seedling:
(A) One or more essential structures impaired as the result of
decay from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel
and blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and
Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings
some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary
infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may
be advisable.)
(B) Albino.
(b) Adzuki bean, broadbean, chickpea, field pea, lentil, pea,
roughpea, runner bean, velvetbean, and vetches.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal dicot.
(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy, and
remain enclosed within the seed coat beneath the soil surface. They are
usually not photosynthetic.
(iii) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal
bud and primary leaves above the soil surface. The stem bears one or
more scale leaves and, prior to emergence, is arched near the apex,
causing the terminal bud to be pulled through the soil; after
emergence, the stem straightens. For practical purposes, the hypocotyl
is not discernible and is not an evaluation factor. Buds in the axils
of each cotyledon and scale leaf usually remain dormant unless the
terminal bud is seriously damaged. In this case, one or more axillary
buds may start to develop into a shoot. If the axillary shoot is well-
developed, it may be considered normal.
(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledons:
(A) Less than half of the original tissue remaining attached.
(B) Less than half of the original tissue free of necrosis or
decay.
(ii) Epicotyl:
(A) Missing.
(B) Less than one primary leaf.
(C) Malformed such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(D) Severely damaged (e.g. terminal bud missing or damaged) with
only a weak shoot developing from the axil of a cotyledon or scale
leaf.
(E) Two weak and spindly shoots.
(F) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(iii) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary
roots.
(iv) Seedlings:
(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and
blotter tests. Some pathogens can spread through the substratum and
infect seedlings some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings
with secondary infection are classified as normal. A retest in sand or
soil may be advisable.)
(B) Albino.
(c) Soybean and lupine.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy; they
expand and become photosynthetic.
(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the
cotyledons above the soil surface. The primary leaves usually increase
in size and the epicotyl may elongate within the test period.
(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledons.
(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(ii) Epicotyl.
(A) Missing.
(B) Less than one primary leaf.
(C) Deep open cracks.
(D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed. (If a few seedlings
with partial decay of the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as
normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on
such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry
environment and is exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or
sand, will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)
(iii) Hypocotyl:
(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(Adventitious roots may occur at the site of injury, particularly on
the hypocotyl and near the base of the cotyledons. The seedling is
classified as normal if the injury is healed over and other essential
structures are normal.)
(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(Hypocotyl development is slow until the roots start functioning.
Caution should be exercised to ensure slow seedlings are not classified
as abnormal. Hypocotyl stunting or curling also may be caused by
seedling orientation or constriction on or in the substratum.)
(iv) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots. (Roots of seedlings on ``Kimpak'' with insufficient
moisture may not become established and hypocotyl elongation may appear
to be abnormal. There may be curling of the root and hypocotyl. When a
number of seedlings are observed with this condition, the sample should
be retested.)
(v) Seedlings:
(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and
blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and
Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings
some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary
infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may
be advisable.)
(B) Albino.
(d) Peanut.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy.
(iii) Shoot system: The cotyledons are carried to the soil surface
by the hypocotyl which is very thick, narrowing abruptly at the root.
Elongation of the hypocotyl stops when the epicotyl is exposed to light
at the soil surface. The primary leaves are compound and usually expand
during the test period.
(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
Adventitious roots develop from the base of the hypocotyl if the
primary root is damaged.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledons:
(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(ii) Epicotyl:
(A) Missing.
(B) Less than one primary leaf.
(C) Deep open cracks.
(D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed.
(iii) Hypocotyl:
(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened or curled. (Hypocotyls
remain somewhat thickened and may appear to be stunted. Light, depth of
planting, and substratum moisture all contribute to the length of the
hypocotyl. Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling
orientation or constriction in the substratum. Seedlings planted in a
soil test with the radicle too close to the surface may send roots
above the soil and appear to exhibit negative geotropism and a
distorted, U-shaped hypocotyl.
(iv) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots.
(v) Seedling:
(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of
primary infection.
(B) Albino.
(e) Alfalfa, alyceclover, Florida beggarweed, black medic,
burclovers, buttonclover, milkvetch, clovers, crotalarias, crownvetch,
guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lespedezas, northern sweetvetch, sainfoin,
sesbania, sourclover, sweetclovers, and trefoils.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(ii) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are small and fleshy; they
expand and become photosynthetic. The cotyledons of sub clover develop
elongated petioles.
(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show
any development within the test period.
(iv) Root system: A long, tapering primary root, usually with root
hairs. Secondary roots may or may not develop within the test period,
depending on the kind.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledons:
(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached. (Breaks at the point of attachment of the cotyledons to the
hypocotyl are common in seeds which have been mechanically damaged. It
is important that seedlings not be removed during preliminary counts
unless development is sufficient to allow the conditions of the
cotyledons to be determined. If the point of attachment of the
cotyledons cannot be seen at the end of the test, the seed coat should
be peeled back to determine whether a break has occurred.)
(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(ii) Epicotyl:
(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are
intact.)
(iii) Hypocotyl:
(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(Seedlings of sainfoin which have been constricted by growing through
the netting of the pod, but which are otherwise normal, are classified
as normal.)
(C) Weak and watery.
(iv) Root:
(A) None.
(B) Primary root stubby. (The roots of sweetclovers may be stubby
when grown on artificial substrata due to the presence of coumarin in
the seed; since this condition usually does not occur in soil, such
seedlings are classified as normal. Roots may appear stubby as a result
of being bound by the seed coat; such seedlings are classified as
normal. Crownvetch produces phytotoxic effects similar to
sweetclovers.)
(C) Split extending into the hypocotyl.
(v) Seedling:
(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(B) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-7 Lily family, Liliaceae.
Kinds of seed: Asparagus, chives, leek, onion, and Welsh onion.
(a) Asparagus.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and
non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon. The endosperm surrounds
the entire embryo.
(iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon; following
germination, all but the basal end remains embedded in the endosperm to
absorb nutrients.
(iv) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal
bud above the soil surface. The epicotyl may bear several small scale
leaves. A short hypocotyl is barely distinguishable, joining the root
to the basal end of the cotyledon. More than one shoot may arise
simultaneously, and the seedling may be considered normal if at least
one shoot is well-developed and has a terminal growing point, provided
other essential structures are normal.
(v) Root system: A long slender primary root.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledon:
(A) Detached from seedling.
(B) Deep open cracks at basal end.
(ii) Epicotyl:
(A) Missing.
(B) Terminal bud missing or damaged.
(C) Deep open cracks.
(D) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(E) Spindly.
(F) Watery.
(iii) Hypocotyl:
(A) Deep open cracks.
(iv) Root:
(A) No primary root.
(B) Stubby primary root with weak secondary roots.
(v) Seedling:
(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(B) Albino.
(b) Chives, leek, onion, Welsh onion.
(1) General description.
(i) Germination habit: Epigeal monocot.
(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and
non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon.
(iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon. The cotyledon
emerges with the seed coat and endosperm attached to the tip. A sharp
bend known as the ``knee'' forms; continued elongation of the cotyledon
on each side of this knee pushes it above the soil surface. The
cotyledon tip is pulled from the soil and straightens except for a
slight kink which remains at the site of the knee.
(iv) Shoot system: The first foliage leaf emerges through a slit
near the base of the cotyledon, but this does not usually occur during
the test period. The hypocotyl is a very short transitional zone
between the primary root and the cotyledon, and is not distinguishable
for purposes of seedling evaluation.
(v) Root system: A long slender primary root with adventitious
roots developing from the hypocotyl. The primary root does not develop
secondary roots.
(2) Abnormal seedling description.
(i) Cotyledon:
(A) Short and thick.
(B) Without a definite bend or ``knee''.
(C) Spindly or watery.
(ii) Epicotyl:
(A) Not observed during the test period.
(iii) Hypocotyl:
(A) Not evaluated.
(iv) Root:
(A) No primary root.
(B) Short, weak, or stubby primary root.
(v) Seedling:
(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(B) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-8 Flax family, Linaceae.
Kind of seed: Flax.
(a) General description.
(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot. (Due to the mucilaginous
nature of the seed coat, seedlings germinated on blotters may adhere to
the blotter and appear to be negatively geotropic.)
(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become
photosynthetic.
(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any
development within the test period.
(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually
developing within the test period.
(b) Abnormal seedling description.
(1) Cotyledons:
(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(2) Epicotyl:
(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are
intact.)
(3) Hypocotyl:
(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(4) Root:
(i) None.
(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots.
(5) Seedling:
(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(ii) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-9 Mallow family, Malvaceae.
Kinds of seed: Cotton, kenaf, and okra.
(a) General description.
(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(2) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are convoluted in the seed;
they expand and become thin, leaf-like, and photosynthetic.
(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any
development within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may
develop on the hypocotyl in cotton.
(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually
developing within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may
develop on the root in cotton.
(b) Abnormal seedling description.
(1) Cotyledons:
(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
(2) Epicotyl:
(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are
intact.)
(3) Hypocotyl:
(i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the
conducting tissue.
(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(4) Root:
(i) None.
(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots.
(5) Seedling:
(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection. (A cotton seedling with yellowish areas on the
root or hypocotyl is classified as normal, provided the cotyledons are
free of infection.)
(ii) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-10 Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.
Kind of seed: Castorbean.
(a) General description.
(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are thin and leaf-like;
endosperm (fleshy food-storage organs) usually persisting in the
laboratory test.
(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl lengthens, carrying the cotyledons,
endosperm, and epicotyl above the soil surface.
(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually
developing within the test period.
(b) Abnormal seedling description.
(1) Cotyledons:
(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(2) Endosperm:
(i) Missing.
(3) Epicotyl:
(i) Missing.
(ii) Damaged or missing terminal bud.
(4) Hypocotyl:
(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(5) Root:
(i) None.
(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots.
(6) Seedling:
(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(ii) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-11 Knotweed family, Polygonaceae.
Kinds of seed: Buckwheat, rhubarb, and sorrel.
(a) General description.
(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, starchy endosperm.
(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any
development within the test period.
(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots developing
within the test period for some kinds.
(b) Abnormal seedling description.
(1) Cotyledons:
(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(2) Epicotyl:
(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are
intact.)
(3) Hypocotyl:
(i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the
conducting tissue.
(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(iii) Watery.
(4) Root:
(i) None.
(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots.
(5) Seedling:
(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(ii) Albino.
Sec. 201.56-12 Miscellaneous plant families.
Kinds of seed by family:
Carrot family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)--carrot, celery, celeriac,
dill, parsley, parsnip;
Hemp family, Cannabaceae--hemp;
Dichondra family, Dichondraceae--dichondra;
Geranium family, Geraniaceae--alfilaria;
Mint family, Lamiaceae (Labiatae)--sage, summer savory;
Benne family, Pedaliaceae--sesame;
Rose family, Rosaceae--little burnet;
Nightshade family, Solanaceae--eggplant, tomato, husk tomato,
pepper, tobacco; and
Valerian family, Valerianaceae--cornsalad.
(a) General description.
(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons; endosperm may or may not be present,
depending on the kind.
(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates, carrying the cotyledons
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any
development within the test period.
(4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may or may not
develop within the test period, depending on the kind.
(b) Abnormal seedling description.
(1) Cotyledons:
(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining
attached.
(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of
necrosis or decay.
(2) Epicotyl:
(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are
intact.)
(3) Hypocotyl:
(i) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
(ii) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
(iii) Watery.
(4) Root:
(i) None.
(ii) Missing or stubby primary root with weak secondary or
adventitious roots.
(5) Seedling:
(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay
from primary infection.
(ii) Albino.
31. In Sec. 201.57a, paragraph (b) is revised and a new paragraph
(c) is added to read as follows:
Sec. 201.57a Dormant Seeds.
* * * * *
(b) The percentage of dormant seed, if present, shall be determined
in addition to the percentage of germination for the following kinds:
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus),
bluestems (Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii, Androdogon gerardii var.
paucipilus, Bothriochloa ischaemum, and Schizachyrium scoparium),
bottlebrush-squirreltail (Elymus elymoides), buffalograss (Buchloe
dactyloides), buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), galletagrass (Hilaria
jamesii), forage kochia (Kochia prostrata), gramas (Bouteloua spp.),
Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides), johnsongrass (Sorghum
halepense), lovegrasses (Eragrostis spp.), mountain rye (Secale
montanum), sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), smilo (Oryzopsis
miliacea), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), veldtgrass (Ehrharta
calycina), western wheatgrass (Elymus smithii), and yellow indiangrass
(Sorghastrum nutans).
(c) For green needlegrass (Stipa viridula), if the test result of
method 2 is less than the result of method 1, subtract the result of
method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as the percentage of
dormant seed. Refer to Sec. 201.58(b)(7).
32. Section 201.58 is amended by revising the introductory text,
paragraphs (a)(5), (b)(1) through (b)(4), adding a new paragraph
(b)(7); revising paragraphs (b)(10), (b)(12), Table 2, and adding a new
paragraph (c) to read as follows:
Sec. 201.58 Substrata, temperature, duration of test, and certain
other specific directions for testing for germination and hard seed.
Specific germination requirements are set forth in table 2 to which
the following paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) are applicable.
* * * * *
(a) * * *
(5) Prechill. The term ``prechill'' means a cold, moist treatment
applied to seeds to overcome dormancy prior to the germination test.
The prechill method varies among kinds, but is usually performed by
holding imbibed seeds at a low temperature for a specified period of
time. The prechill period is not included in the duration of tests
given in table 2, unless otherwise specified.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) Alyce clover. (Alysicarpus vaginalis); swollen seeds. At the
conclusion of the 21-day test period, carefully pierce the seed coat
with a sharp instrument and continue the test for 5 additional days.
Alternate method: The swollen seeds may be placed at 20 deg. C for 48
hours and then at 35 deg. C for 3 additional days.
(2) Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum); removal of glumes. On all
varieties except ``Pensacola,'' remove the enclosing structures
(glumes, lemma, and palea) from the caryopsis with the aid of a sharp
scalpel. If the seed is fresh or dormant, lightly scratch the surface
of the caryopsis.
(3) Beet, Swiss chard (Beta); preparation of seed for test. Before
the seeds are placed on the germination substratum, they shall be
soaked in water for 2 hours, using at least 250 mL of water per 100
seeds, then washed in running water and the excess water blotted off.
The temperature of the soaking and washing water should be no lower
than 20 deg. C. Samples producing excessive discoloration of the
hypocotyl or root should be retested in soil or by washing in running
water for 3 hours and testing on ``Kimpak,'' keeping the seed covered
with slightly moist blotters. Sugar beets may require 16 hours soaking
in water at 25 deg. C, followed by rinsing and then drying for 2 hours
at room temperature.
(4) Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris); alternate method for dormant
seed. The caryopses shall be removed from the fascicles and placed on
blotters moistened with a 0.2 percent solution of KNO3, in petri
dishes. The seeds from a fascicle should be arranged so they will not
be confused with seeds from other fascicles during the test. The seeds
are then prechilled at 5 deg. C for 7 days and tested at 30 deg. C in
light for 21 additional days. Firm ungerminated seeds remaining at the
conclusion of the test should be scratched lightly and left in test for
7 additional days.
* * * * *
(7) Green needlegrass (Stipa viridula); two test methods as
prescribed in table 2 shall be used on each sample:
(i) For method 1, acid scarify 400 seeds for 10 minutes in
concentrated sulfuric acid (95 to 98 percent H2SO4). Rinse
seeds and dry on blotters for 16 hours, then place seeds on blotters
moistened with a solution of 0.055 percent (500 ppm gibberellic acid
GA3) and 0.46 percent (3,000 ppm) thiram and germinate 14 days.
(ii) For method 2, plant 400 seeds on blotters moistened with a 0.2
percent solution of KNO3 and germinate 14 days. Refer to
Sec. 201.57a(c).
(iii) Report the results of method 2 as the percentage germination.
If the number in method 2 is less than method 1, subtract the results
of method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as dormant seed.
* * * * *
(10) Ryegrass (Lolium); fluorescence test. The germination test for
fluorescence of ryegrass shall be conducted in light [not to exceed 100
foot candles (1,076 lux)] with white filter paper as the substratum.
The white filter paper should be nontoxic to the roots of ryegrass and
of a texture that will resist penetration of ryegrass roots. Distilled
or deionized water shall be used to moisten the filter paper. The test
shall be conducted in a manner that will prevent the contact of roots
of different seedlings. Roots of some seedlings produce fluorescent
lines on white filter paper when viewed under ultraviolet light. First
counts shall not be made before the eighth day; at that time remove
only normal fluorescent seedlings. Evaluation of fluorescence shall be
made under F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tubes in an area where
light from other sources is excluded. If there are over 75 percent
normal fluorescent seedlings present at the time of the first count,
break the contact of the roots of the nonfluorescent seedlings from the
substratum and reread the fluorescence at the time of the final count.
At the final count, lift each remaining seedling, observing the path of
each root since sometimes faint fluorescence will show on the
substratum as the root is lifted. Abnormal seedlings and dead seeds are
not evaluated for fluorescence. See Sec. 201.58a(a).
* * * * *
(12) Garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); use of calcium nitrate. If
hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings, the sample involved
shall be retested using a 0.3 to 0.6 percent solution of calcium
nitrate (CaNO3) to moisten the substratum.
* * * * *
(c) Procedures for coated seed:
(1) Germination tests on coated seed shall be conducted in
accordance with methods in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
However, kinds for which soaking or washing is specified in paragraph
(b) shall not be soaked or washed in the case of coated seed.
(i) Coated seed units shall be placed on the substratum in the
condition in which they are received without rinsing, soaking, or any
other pretreatment.
(ii) Coated seed units in mixtures which are color coded or can
otherwise be separated by kinds shall be germinated as separate kinds
without removing the coating material.
(iii) Coated seed units in mixtures which cannot be separated by
kinds without removing the coating material shall be de-coated and
germinated as separate kinds. The coating material shall be removed in
a manner that will not affect the germination capacity of the seeds.
(2) The moisture level of the substratum is important. It may
depend on the water-absorbing capacity of the coating material. A
retest may be necessary before satisfactory germination of the sample
is achieved.
(3) Phytotoxic symptoms may be evident when germinating coated
seeds in paper substrata. In such cases a retest in sand or soil may be
necessary.
Table 2.--Germination Requirements for Indicated Kinds
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First Final Additional directions
Name of seed Substrata Temperature( deg.C) count count --------------------------------------------------------------------
days days Specific requirements Fresh and dormant seed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agricultural Seed
Agrotricum--x B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
Agrotriticum. days.
Alfalfa--Medicago B,T,S 20 4 \1\7 See (b)(11) ........................................
sativa.
Alfilaria--Erodium B,T 20-30 3 14 Clip seeds............... ........................................
cicutarium.
Alyceclover--Alysicarp B,T 35 4 \1\21 See (b)(1) for swollen ........................................
us vaginalis. seeds.
Bahiagrass--paspalum P,S 20-35 7 28 Light; see (b)(2)....... See Sec. 201.57a.
notatum: Var.
Pensacola.
All other vars.... P 30-35 3 21 Light; remove glumes; see Scratch caryopses; KNO3; see Sec.
(b)(2). 201.57a.
Barley--Hordeum vulgare... B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill 5 days at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
or predry.
Barrelclover--Medicago B,T 20 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; ........................................
truncatula. see (b)(11).
Bean:
Adzuki--Vigna B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10 ........................................
angularis.
Field--Phaseolus B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 5 \1\8 ........................................
vulgaris.
Mung--Vigna radiata... B,T,S 20-30 3 \1\7 ........................................
Beet, field--Beta vulgaris B,T,S 20-30 3 14 See (b)(3) ........................................
subsp., vulgaris.
Beet, sugar--Beta vularis B,T,S 20-30; 20 3 10 See (b)(3) ........................................
subsp., vulgaris.
Beggarweed, Florida-- B,T 30 5 \1\28 ........................................
Desmodium tortuosum.
Bentgrass:
Colonial (incl. vars. P 15-30; 10-30; 15-25 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7
Astoria and days.
Highland)--Agrostis
capillaris.
Creeping--Agrostis P 15-30; 10-30; 15-25 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7
stolonifera var. days.
palustris.
Velvet--Agrostis P 15-25; 20-30 7 21 Light; KNO3 ........................................
canina.
Bermudagrass--Cynodon P 20-35 7 21 Light; KNO3; see (a)(9). ........................................
dactylon var.
dactylon.
Bermudagrass, giant-- P 20-35 7 21 Light; KNO3; see(a)(9).. Prechill at 10 deg. C for 7 days and
Cynodon dactylon var. then test at 20-35 deg. C; continue
aridus. tests of hulled seed for 14 days and of
unhulled seed for 21 days.
Bluegrass:
Annual--Poa annua..... P 20-30 7 21 Light.................... ........................................
Bulbous--Poa bulbosa.. P,S 10 10 35 KNO3 or soil............. Prechill all samples at 5 deg. C for 7
days.
Canada--Poa compressa. P 15-25; 15-30 10 28 Light; KNO3.............. 10-30 deg. C.
Glaucantha--Poa P 15-25; 15-30 10 28 Light; KNO3 ........................................
glaucantha.
Kentucky--Poa P 15-25; 15-30 10 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days.
pratensis All vars..
Nevada--Poa nevadensis P 20-30 7 21 Light; KNO3 ........................................
Rough--Poa trivialis.. P 20-30 7 21 Light ........................................
Texas--Poa arachnifera P 20-30 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks.
Wood--Poa nemoralis... P 20-30 7 28 Light ........................................
Bluejoint--Calamagrostis TB,P 15-25 10 21 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 5 days.
canadensis.
Bluestem:
Big--Andropogon P,TS 20-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see
gerardii var. Sec. 201.57a.
gerardii.
Little--Schizachyrium P,TS 20-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see
scoparium. Sec. 201.57a.
Sand--Andropogon P,TS 20-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see
gerardii var. Sec. 201.57a.
paucipilus.
Yellow--Bothriochloa P,TS 20-30 5 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see
ischaemum. Sec. 201.57a.
Bottlebrush- P,B 20; 15 10 14 ......................... See Sec. 201.57a.
squirreltail--Elymus
elymoides.
Brome:
Field--Bromus arvensis P,TB 15-25; 20-30 6 14 Light.................... Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days.
Meadow--Bromus B,T,TB 20-30 6 14 Light optional ........................................
biebersteinii.
Mountain--Bromus P 20-30 6 14 Light ........................................
marginatus.
Smooth--Bromus inermis P,B,TB 20-30 6 14 Light optional........... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
days, then test at 30 deg. C for 9
additional days.
Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor B,T,S 20-30 3 10 ........................................
Buckwheat--Fagopyrum B,T 20-30 3 6 ........................................
esculentum.
Buffalograss--Buchloe P,TB,TS 20-35 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 6 weeks; test
dactyloides: (Burs). 14 additional days; see Sec. 201.57a.
(Caryopses)........... P 20-35 5 14 Light; KNO3.............. See Sec. 201.57a.
Buffelgrass--Cenchrus S 30 7 28 Light; press fascicles See (b)(4); see Sec. 201.57a.
ciliaris. into well-packed soil
and prechill at 5 deg. C
for 7 days.
Burclover, California- B,T 20 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; ........................................
Medicago polymorpha. see (b)(11).
Burclover, spotted-- B,T 20 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; ........................................
Medicago arabica. see (b)(11).
Burnet, Little-- B,T 15 5 14 ........................................
Sanguisorba minor.
Buttonclover--Medicago B,T 20 4 \1\10 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
orbicularis.
Canarygrass--Phalaris B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
canariensis.
Canarygrass, reed-- P 20-30 5 21 Light; KNO3 ........................................
Phalaris arundinacea.
Carpetgrass--Axonopus P 20-35 10 21 Light.................... KNO3.
affinis.
Castorbean--Ricinus T,S 20-30 7 14 Remove caruncle if mold ........................................
communis. interferes with test.
Chess, soft--Bromus P 20-30 7 14 Light.................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7
hordeaceus. days.
Chickpea--Cicer arietinum. T,S 20-30 3 \1\7 ........................................
Clover:
Alsike--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
hybridum.
Arrowleaf--Trifolium B,T 20; 15 4 \1\14 See (b)(11) ........................................
vesiculosum.
Berseem--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
alexandrinum.
Cluster--Trifolium B,T 20 4 \1\10 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
glomeratum.
Crimson--Trifolium B,T,S 20 4 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
incarnatum.
Kenya--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 ........................................
semipilosum.
Ladino--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
repens.
Lappa--Trifolium B,T 20 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
lappaceum.
Large hop--Trifolium B,T 20 4 \1\14 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
campestre.
Persian--Trifolium B,T 20 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
resupinatum.
Red--Trifolium B,T,S 20 4 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
pratense.
Rose--Trifolium hirtum B,T 20 4 \1\10 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
Small hop--Trifolium B,T 20 4 \1\14 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
dubium.
Strawberry--Trifolium B,T 20 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
fragiferum.
Sub--Trifolium B,T 20 4 \1\14 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
subterraneum.
White--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.
repens.
Corn:
Field--Zea mays....... B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 4 7 ........................................
Pop--Zea mays......... B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 4 7 ........................................
Cotton--Gossypium spp..... B,T,S 20-30; 30 4 \1\12 ......................... Test by alternate method; see (b)(5).
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata B,T,S 20-30 5 \1\8 ........................................
subsp. unguiculata.
Crambe--Crambe abyssinica. T 25 3 7 ........................................
Crested dogtail--Cynosurus P 20-30 10 21 Light.................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
cristatus. days.
Crotalaria:
Lance--Crotalaria B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10
lanceolata.
Showy--Crotalaria B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10
spectabilis.
Slenderleaf--Crotalari B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10
a brevidens var.
intermedia.
Striped--Crotalaria B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10
pallida.
Sunn--Crotalaria B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10
juncea.
Crownvetch--Coronilla B,T,S 20 7 \1\14
varia.
Dallisgrass--Paspalum P 20-35 7 21 Light; KNO3..............
dilatatum.
Dichondra--Dichondra B,T 20-30 7 \1\28
repens.
Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus P 5-35; 15-35 5 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 4 weeks; see
cryptandrus. Sec. 201.57a.
Emmer--Triticum dicoccon.. B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
days or predry.
Fescue:
Chewings--Festuca P 15-25 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
rubra subsp. days.
commutata.
Hair-Festuca P 10-25 10 28 KNO3.....................
tenuifolia.
Hard--Festuca P 15-25 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional..
trachyphylla.
Meadow--Festuca P 15-25; 20-30 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional..
pratensis.
Red--Festuca rubra P 15-25 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional..
subsp. rubra.
Sheep--Festuca ovina P 15-25 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional..
var. ovina.
Tall--Festuca P 15-25; 20-30 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
arundinacea. days and test for 21 days.
Flax--Linum usitatissimum. B,T,S 20-30 3 7
Galletagrass--Hilaria P,B 20; 25; 20-30 4 10 ......................... See Sec. 201.57a.
jamesii.
Grama:
Blue--Bouteloua P,TB 20-30 7 14 Light.................... KNO3; see Sec. 201.57a.
gracilis.
Side-oats--Bouteloua P 15-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. See Sec. 201.57a.
curtipendula.
Guar--Cyamopsis B,T,S 30; 20-30 5 \1\14
tetragonoloba.
Guineagrass--Panicum P 15-35 10 28 Light; KNO3 optional.....
maximum var. maximum.
Hardinggrass--Phalaris P 10-30 7 28 Light.................... KNO3.
stenoptera.
Alternate method...... P 15-25 7 14 Light; presoak at 15 deg. ........................................
C for 24 hrs.
Hemp--Cannabis sativa..... B,T 20-30 3 7
Indiangrass, yellow-- P,TS 20-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see
Sorghastrum nutans. Sec. 201.57a.
Indigo, hairy--Indigofera B,T 20-30 5 \1\14
hirsuta.
Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia P 35-20 10 28 Light; KNO3 ........................................
japonica.
Johnsongrass--Sorghum P 20-35 7 35 Light.................... KNO3; See Sec. 201.57a.
halepense.
Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus T,B 20-30 4 \1\8
Kochia, forage--Kochia P 20 4 14 ......................... See Sec. 201.57a.
prostrata.
Kudzu--Pueraria montana B,T 20-30 5 \1\14
var. lobata.
Lentil--Lens culinaris.... B,T 20 5 \1\10
Lespedeza:
Korean--Kummerowia B,T,S 20-35 5 \1\14
stipulacea.
Sericea--Lespedeza B,T,S 20-35 7 \1\21
cuneata.
Siberian--Lespedeza B,T,S 20-35 7 \1\21
juncea.
Striate--Kummerowia B,T,S 20-35 7 \1\14
striata.
Lovegrass, sand-- P 20-30 5 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 6
Eragrostis trichodes. weeks; see Sec. 201.57a.
Lovegrass, weeping-- P 20-35 5 14 Light.................... KNO3; see Sec. 201.57a.
Eragrostis curvula.
Lupine:
Blue--Lupinus B,T,S 20 4 \1\10 ........................................
angustifolius.
White--Lupinus albus.. B,T 20 3 \1\10 ........................................
Yellow--Lupinus luteus B,T 20 7 \1\10 ........................................
Manilagrass--Zoysia P 35-20 10 28 Light; KNO3 ........................................
matrella.
Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus P 20-30 7 14 Light ........................................
pratensis.
Medic, black--Medicago B,T, S 20 4 \1\7 See (b)(11) ........................................
lupulina.
Milkvetch--Astragalus B,T 20 6 \1\14 ........................................
cicer.
Alternate method...... B,TB,T 15-25 10 \1\21 ........................................
Millet:
Browntop--Brachiaria B,P,T 20-30; 30 4 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. Predry at 35 deg. or 40 deg. C for 7
ramosa. days and test at 30 deg. C.
Alternate method.. B,P,T 5-35 4 14 Light; KNO3 ........................................
Foxtail--Setaria B,T 15-30; 20-30 4 10 ........................................
italica.
Japanese--Echinochloa B,T 20-30 4 10 ........................................
frumentacea.
Pearl--Pennisetum B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
glaucum.
Proso--Panicum B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
miliaceum.
Molassesgrass--Melinis P 20-30 7 21 Light ........................................
minutiflora.
Mustard:
Black--Brassica nigra. P 20-30 3 7 Light.................... KNO3 and prechill at 10 deg. C for 3
days.
India--Brassica juncea P 20-30 3 7 Light.................... Prechill at 10 deg. C for 7 days and
test for 5 days; KNO3.
White-Sinapis alba.... P 20-30 3 5 Light ........................................
Napiergrass--Pennisetum B,T 20-30 3 10 ........................................
purpureum.
Needlegrass, green--stipa
viridula:
Method 1.............. P 15-30 7 14 H2SO4, GA3 and thiram; ........................................
dark; see (b)(7).
Method 2.............. P 15-30 7 14 KNO3; dark; see (b)(7). ........................................
Oat--Avena spp............ B,T,S 20; 15 5 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
days and test for 7 days or predry and
test for 10 days.
Oatgrass, tall-- P 20-30 6 14 Light ........................................
Arrhenatherum elatius.
Orchardgrass--Dactylis P.TS 15-25 7 21 Light; germination more Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7
glomerata. rapid on soil. days.
Panicgrass, blue--Panicum P,TS 20-30 7 28 Light ........................................
antidotale.
Panicgrass, green--Panicum P 15-35 10 28 Light; KNO3 optional..... ........................................
maximum var. trichoglume.
Pea, field--Pisum sativum. B,T,S 20 3 \1\8 ........................................
Peanut--Arachis hypogaea.. B,T,S 20-30; 25 5 \1\10 Remove shells............ Ethephon or ethylene; see (a)(10) and
(11).
Rape:
Annual--Brassica napus B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
var. annua.
Bird--Brassica rapa... P 20-30 3 10 Light.................... KNO3.
Turnip--Brassica rapa. B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
Winter--Brassica napus B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
var. biennis.
Redtop--Agrostis gigantea. P,TB 20-30 5 10 Light.................... KNO3.
Rescuegrass--Bromus P,S 10-30 7 28 Light; see (b)(8) for In soil at 15 deg. C.
catharticus. alternate method.
Rhodesgrass--Chloris P 20-30 6 14 Light; KNO3 ........................................
gayana.
Rice--Oryza sativa........ T,S 20-30; 30 5 14 See (b)(9) for Presoak; see (b)(9).
alternate method.
Ricegrass, Indian-- P 15 7 42 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. C for 4 weeks and
Oryzopsis hymenoides. test for 21 additional days; see Sec.
201.57a.
Alternate method...... S 5-15; 15; 15-25 7 28 ......................... Dark; prechill in soil at 5 deg. C for 4
weeks; see Sec. 201.57a.
Roughpea--Lathyrus B,T 20 7 \1\14 ........................................
hirsutus.
Rye--Secale cerale........ B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
days or predry.
Rye, mountain--Secale B,T 20; 15 4 7 ......................... See Sec. 201.57a.
montanum.
Ryegrass:
Annual--Lolium P,TB 15-25 5 14 Light optional; see Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg. or 10
multiflorum. (b)(10) for fluorscence deg. C for 5 days and test at 15-25
test. deg. C; if still dormant prechill for 3
days and continue test at 15-25 deg. C
an additional 4 days.
Intermediate--Lolium x P,TB 15-25 7 14 Light.................... KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
hybridum. for 5 days and test at 15-25 deg. C; if
still dormant rechill for 3 days and
continue test at 15-25 deg. C an
additional 4 days.
Perennial--Lolium P,TB 15-25 5 14 Light optional; see Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg. or 10
perenne. (b)(1) for fluorescence deg. C for 5 days and test at 15-25
test. deg. C; if still dormant rechill for 3
days and continue test at 15-25 deg. C
an additional 4 days.
Wimmera--Lolium P,TB 15-25; 20-30 5 14 Light optional........... Light; KNO3; prechill at 5 deg. or 10
rigidum. deg. C for 5 days and test at 15-25
deg. C; if still dormant rechill for 3
days and continue test at 15-25 deg. C
an additional 4 days.
Safflower--Carthamus P,B,T,S 15; 20 4 14 Light at 15 deg. C ........................................
tinctorius.
Sagewort, Louisiana-- P 15-25 7 14 Light ........................................
Artemisia ludoviciana.
Sainfoin--Onobrychis B,T 20-30 4 \1\14 ........................................
viciifolia.
Saltbush, fourwing-- B 20 5 14 See (b)(13)............ Prechill at 5 deg. C for 7 days.
Atriplex canescens.
Alternate method...... B 15 ....... 21 ........................................
Sesame--Sesamum indicum... B,T,TB 20-30 3 6 ........................................
Sesbania--Sesbania B,T 20-30 5 \1\7 ........................................
exaltata.
Smilo--Oryzopsis miliacea. P 20-30 7 42 Light.................... Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see
Sec. 201.57a.
Sorghum:
Grain and Sweet-- B,T,S 20-30 4 10 ......................... Prechill grain vars. at 5 deg. or 10
Sorghum bicolor. deg. C for 5 days; test sweet vars. at
30-45 deg. C, maintaining 45 deg. C for
2-4 hours per day.
Sorghum almum--Sorghum x T,S 20-30; 15-35 5 21 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. C for 5 days; on the
almum. 10th day of test, clip or pierce the
distal end of ungerminated seeds.
Sorghum-sudangrass-- B,T,S 20-30; 25 4 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
Sorghum x drummondii. days.
Sorgrass\2\............... B,T,S 15-35; 20-35 5 21 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7
days.
Sourclover--Melilotus B,T 20 3 \1\14 See (b)(11) ........................................
indicus.
Soybean--glycine max...... B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 5 \1\8 ........................................
Spelt--Triticum spelta.... B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
days, or predry.
Sudangrass--Sorghum x B,T,S 20-30; 15-30 4 10 ......................... Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days.
drummondii.
Sunflower (Cult.)-- T,B, 20-30 3 7 ........................................
Helianthus annuus.
Sweetclover:
White--Melilotus albus B,T,S 20 4 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ ........................................
Yellow--Melilotus B,T,S 20 4 \1\7 See (b)(11)............ ........................................
officinalis.
Sweet vernalgrass-- P 20-30 6 14 Light.................... ........................................
Anthoxanthum odoratum.
Sweetvetchm northern-- B,TB,T 15-25; 20 14 \1\28 ........................................
Hedysarum boreale.
Switchgrass--Panicum P,TS 15-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see
virgatum. Sec. 201.57a.
Timothy--Phleum pratense.. P,TB 15-25; 20-30 5 10 Light; see (a)(9)...... KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
for 5 days.
Timothy, turf--Phleum P,TB 15-25; 20-30 5 10 Light.................... KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
bertolonii. for 5 days.
Tabacco--Nicotiana tabacum P,TB 20-30 7 14 Light.................... ........................................
Trefoil:
Big--Lotus ulginosus.. B,T 20 5 \1\12 ........................................
Birdsfoot--Lotus B,P,T 20 5 \1\12 ........................................
corniculatus.
Triticale--x Triticosecale B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
days, or predry.
Vaseygrass--Paspalum P 20-35 7 21 Light.................... KNO3.
urvillei.
Veldtgrass--Ehrharta P 10-30 7 28 Light.................... See Sec. 201.571.
calycina.
Velvetbean--Mucuna B,T,S,C 20-30 3 114
pruriens var. utilis.
Veltvetgrass--Holcus P 20-30 6 14 Light....................
lanatus.
Vetch:
Common--Vicia sativa B,T 20 5 110
subsp. sativa.
Hairy--Vicia villosa B,T 20 5 114
subsp. villosa.
Hungarian--Vicia B,T 20 5 110
pannonica.
Monantha--Vicia B,T 20 5 110
articulata.
Narrowleaf--Vicia B,T 20 5 114
sativa subsp. nigra.
Purple--Vicia B,T 20 5 110
benghalensis.
Wollypod--Vicia B,T 20 5 114 ......................... Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days, test
villosa subsp. varia. at 15 deg. C.
Wheat:
Common--Triticum B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
aestivum. days, or predry.
Club--Triticum B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
compactum. days, or predry.
Durum--Triticum durum. B,T,S 20; 15 4 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
days, or predry.
Polish--Triticum B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
polonicum. days, or predry.
Poulard--Triticum B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
turgidum. days, or predry.
Wheat x Agrotricum-- B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
Triticum x Agrotriticum. days, or predry.
Wheatgrass:
Beardless--Elytrigia P,TB 15-25 7 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
spicata. for 7 days.
Fairway crested-- P,TB 15-25; 20-30 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
Agropyron cristatum. for 7 days.
Standard crested-- P,TB 15-25; 20-30 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
Agropyron desertorum. for 7 days.
Intermediate--Elytrigi P 15-25 5 28 Light and KNO3 optional.. KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
a intermedia subsp. for 7 days.
intermedia.
Alternate method.. P 20-30 5 28 Light
Pubescent--Elytrigia P 15-25 5 28 Light and KNO3 optional.. KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
intermedia subsp. for 7 days.
barbulata.
Alternate method.. P 20-30 5 28 Light....................
Siberian--Agropyron P,TB 15-25; 7 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. KNO3 and prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C
fragile subsp. for 7 days.
sibiricum.
Slender--Elymus P,TB 15-25; 10-30 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
trachycaulus. days; if still dormant on the 10th day,
rechill 2 days, then place at 20-30
deg. C for 4 days.
Streambank--Elytrigia P 15-25 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
dasystachya. days.
Tall Elytrigia P 15-25 5 21 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
dasystachya. days.
Alternate method.. P 20-30 5 21 Light.................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
days.
Western--Elymus B,P,T 15-30 7 28 Dark..................... KNO3 or soil; see Sec. 201.57a.
smithii.
Wildrye:
Basin--Leymus cinereus P 15-25 10 21 ......................... See Sec. 201.57a.
Canada--Elymus P 15-30 7 21 Light.................... Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks.
canadensis.
Russian--Psathrostachy P 20-30 5 14 Light.................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5
s juncea. days.
Vegetable Seed
Artichoke--Cynara scolymus B,T 20-30 7 21
Asparagus--Asparagus B,T,S 20-30 7 21
officinalis.
Asparagusbean--Vigna B,T,S 20-30 5 18
unguiculata subsp.
sesquipedalis.
Bean:
Garden--Phaseolus B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 None 18 ......................... See (b)(12).
vulgaris.
Lima--Phaseolus B,T,C,S 20-30 5 1
lunatus.
Runner--Phaseolus B,T,S 20-30 5 \1\9 ........................................
coccineus.
Beet--Beta vulgaris subsp. B,T,S 20-30 3 14 See (b)(3).............. ........................................
vulgaris.
Broadbean--Vicia faba..... S,C 20 4 \1\14 See (b)(11)............. Prechill at 10 deg. C for 3 days.
Broccoli--Brassica B,P,T 20-30 3 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
oleracea var. botrytis. days; KNO3 and light.
Brussels sprouts--Brassica B,P,T 20-30 3 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
oleracea var. gemmifera. days; KNO3 and light.
Burdock, great--Arctium B,T 20-30 7 14 ........................................
lappa.
Cabbage--Brassica oleracea B,P,T 20-30 3 10 Prechill at 5 deg. or 10
var. capitata. deg. C for 3 days; KNO3
and light..
Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
pekinensis.
Cabbage, tronchuda-- B,P 20-30 3 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
Brassica oleracea var. days; KNO3 and light.
costata.
Cardoon--Cynara B,T 20-30 7 21 ........................................
cardunculus.
Carrot--Daucus carota var. B,T 20-30 6 14 ........................................
sativus.
Cauliflower--Brassica B,P,T 20-30 3 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
oleracea var. botrytis. days; KNO3 and light.
Celeriac--Apium graveolens P 15-25; 20 10 21 Light; see (a)(9)....... ........................................
var. rapaceum.
Celery--Apium graveolens P 15-25; 20 10 21 Light; see (a)(9)....... ........................................
var. dulce.
Chard, Swiss--Beta B,T,S 20-30 3 14 See (b)(3).............. ........................................
vulgaris subsp. cicla.
Chicory--Cichorium intybus P,TS 20-30 5 14 Light; KNO3 or soil; see ........................................
(a)(9).
Chives--Allium B,T 20 6 14 ........................................
schoenoprasum.
Citron--Citrullus lanatus B,T 20-30 7 14 Soak seeds 6 hrs......... Test at 30 deg. C.
var. citroides.
Collards--Brassica olercea B,P,T 20-30 3 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
var. acephala. days; KNO3 and light.
Corn, sweet--Zea mays..... B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 4 7 ........................................
Cornsalad--Valerianella B,T 15 7 28 ......................... Test at 10 deg. C.
locusta.
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata B,T,S 20-30 5 \1\8 ........................................
subsp. unguiculata.
Cress:
Garden--Lepidium B,P,T 15 4 10 ......................... Light.
sativum.
Upland--Barbarea verna P,TB 20-35 4 7 Light; KNO3 ........................................
Water--Nasturtium P 20-30 4 14 ......................... Light.
officinale.
Cucumber--Cucumis sativus. B,T,S 20-30 3 7 Keep substratum on dry ........................................
side; see (a)(3).
Dandelion--Taraxacum P,TB 20-30 7 21 Light; see (a)(9) ........................................
officinale.
Dill--Anethum graveolens.. B,T 20-30 7 21 ........................................
Eggplant--Solanum P,TB,RB,T 20-30 7 14 ......................... Light; KNO3.
melongena.
Endive--Cichorium endivia. P,TS 20-30 5 14 Light; KNO3 or soil...... See (b)(6).
Gherkin, West India-- B,T,S 20-30 3 7 ......................... Test at 30 deg. C.
Cucumis anguria.
Kale--Brassica oleracea B,P,T 20-30 3 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
var. acephala. days; KNO3 and light.
Kale, Chinese--Brassica B,P,T 20-30 3 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
oleracea var. alboglabra. days; KNO3 and light.
Kale, Siberian--Brassica B,P,T 20-30; 20 3 7 ........................................
napus var. pabularia.
Kohlrabi--Brassica B,P,T 20-30 3 10 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3
oleracea var. gongylodes. days; KNO3 and light.
Leek--Allium porrum....... B,T 20 6 14 ........................................
Lettuce--Lactuca sativa... P 20 None 7 Light.................... Prechill at 10 deg. C for 3 days or test
at 15 deg. C.
Melon--Cucumis melo....... B,T,S 20-30 4 10 Keep substratum on dry ........................................
side; see (a)(3).
Mustard, India--Brassica P 20-30 3 7 Light.................... Prechill at 10 deg. C for 7 days and
juncea. test for 5 additional days; KNO3.
Mustard, spinach--Brassica B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
pervirdis.
Okra--Abelmoschus B,T 20-30 4 \1\14 ........................................
esulentus.
Onion--Allium cepa........ B,T 20 6 10 ........................................
Alternate method...... S 20 6 12 ........................................
Onion, Welsh--Allium B,T 20 6 10 ........................................
fistulosum.
Pak-choi--Brassica B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
chinensis.
Parsley--Petroselinum B,T,TS 20-30 11 28 ........................................
crispum.
Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa. B,T,TS 20-30 6 28 ........................................
Pea--Pisum sativum........ B,T,S 20 5 \1\8 ........................................
Pepper--Capsicum spp...... TB,RB,T 20-30 6 14 ......................... Light and KNO3.
Pumpkin--Cucurbita maxima, B,T,S 20-30 4 7 Keep substratum on dry ........................................
C. moschata, and C. pepo. side; see (a)(3).
Radish--Raphanus sativus.. B,T 20 4 6 ........................................
Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum TB,TS 20-30 7 21 Light.................... ........................................
Rutabaga--Brassica napus B,T 20-30 3 14 ........................................
var. napobrassica.
Sage--Salvia officnalis... B,T,S 20-30 5 14 ........................................
Salsify--Tragopogon B,T 15 5 10 ......................... Prechill at 10 deg. C for 3 days.
porrifolius.
Savory, summer--Satureja B,T 20-30 5 21 ........................................
hortensis.
Sorel--Rumex acetosa...... P,TB,TS 20-30 3 14 Light.................... Test at 15 deg. C.
Soybean--Glycine max...... B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 5 \1\8 ........................................
Spinach--Spinacia oleracea TB,T 15; 10 7 21 Keep substratum on dry ........................................
side; see (a)(3).
Spinach, New Zealand-- T 15; 20 5 21 Soak fruits overnight (16 On 21st day scrape fruits and test for 7
Tetragonia tetragoniodes. hrs), air dry 7 hrs; additional days.
plant in very wet
towels; do not rewater
unless later counts
exhibit drying out.
Alternate method...... B,T 15 5 21 Remove pulp from basal ........................................
end of fruit.
Squash--Cucurbita B,T,S 20-30 4 7 Keep substratum on dry ........................................
moschata, C. maxima, and side; see (a)(3).
C. pepo.
Tomato--Lycopersicon B,P,RB,T 20-30 5 14 ......................... Light; KNO3.
esculentum.
Tomato, husk--Physalis P,TB 20-30 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. ........................................
pubsecens.
Turnip--Brassica rapa..... B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................
Watermelon--Citrullus B,T,S 20-30; 25 4 14 Keep substratum on dry Test at 30 deg. C.
lanatus var. lanatus. side; see (a)(3).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Hard seeds may be present. (See Sec. 201.57)
\2\Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.
33. Section 201.58a is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.58a Indistinguishable seeds.
When the identification of the kind, variety, or type of seed or
determination that seed is hybrid is not possible by seed
characteristics, identification may be based upon the seedling, growing
plant or mature plant characteristics according to such authentic
information as is available.
(a) Ryegrass. In determining the pure seed percentage of perennial
ryegrass and annual ryegrass, 400 seeds shall be grown on white filter
paper and the number of fluorescent seedlings determined under
ultraviolet light at the end of the germination period (see
Sec. 201.58(b)(10)).
(1) Fluorescence results are to be determined as test fluorescence
level (TFL) to two decimal places as follows:
Number of normal fluorescent seedlings x 100 = % TFL
Total number of normal seedlings
(2) The percentage of perennial ryegrass is calculated as follows:
TP17MY94.000
where VFL = Variety fluorescence level.
(3) Using the above formula, the percentage of annual ryegrass is
calculated as follows:
% Annual Ryegrass = % Pure Ryegrass - % Perennial Ryegrass
(4) If the test fluorescence level (TFL) of a perennial ryegrass is
equal to or less than the variety fluorescence level (VFL) described
for the variety, all pure ryegrass is considered to be perennial
ryegrass and the formula is not applied.
(5) If the test fluorescence level (TFL) of an annual ryegrass is
equal to or greater than the variety fluorescence level (VFL) described
for the variety, all pure ryegrass is considered to be annual ryegrass
and the formula is not applied.
(6) A list of variety fluorescence level (VFL) descriptions for
perennial ryegrass varieties which are more than 0 percent fluorescent
and annual ryegrass varieties which are less than 100 percent
fluorescent is maintained and published by the National Grass Variety
Review Board of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies
(AOSCA). If the variety being tested is not stated or the fluorescence
level has not been described, the fluorescence level shall be
considered to be 0 percent for perennial ryegrass and 100 percent for
annual ryegrass. Both VFL (annual) and VFL (perennial) values must
always be entered in the formula. If a perennial ryegrass variety is
being tested, the VFL (annual) value is 100 percent. If an annual
ryegrass variety is being tested, the VFL (perennial) value is 0
percent. For blends the fluorescence level shall be interpolated
according to the portion of each variety claimed to be present.
(b) Sweetclover. In determining admixtures of yellow sweetclover
and white sweetclover, at least 400 seeds shall be subjected to the
chemical test as follows:
(1) Preparation of test solution: Add 3 grams of cupric sulfate
(CuSO4) to 30 mL of household ammonia (NH4OH, approximately
4.8 percent) in a stoppered bottle to form tetraamminecopper sulfate
([Cu(NH3)4]SO4) solution used for this test. After
mixing, a light blue precipitate of cupric hydroxide (Cu(OH)2)
should form. If no precipitate forms, add additional CuSO4 until a
precipitate appears. Since the strength of household ammonia can vary,
formation of a precipitate indicates that a complete reaction has taken
place between CuSO4 and NH4OH; otherwise fumes from excess
ammonium hydroxide may cause eye irritation.
(2) Preparation of seeds: To insure imbibition, scratch, prick, or
otherwise scarify the seed coats of the sweetclover seeds being tested.
Soak seeds in water for 2 to 5 hours in a glass container.
(3) Chemical reaction: When seeds have imbibed, remove excess water
and add enough test solution to cover the seeds. Seed coats of yellow
sweetclover will begin to stain dark brown to black; seed coats of
white sweetclover will be olive or yellow-green. Make the separation
within 20 minutes, since the seed coats of white sweetclover will
eventually turn black also.
(4) Calculation of results: Count the number of seeds which stain
dark brown or black and divide by the total number of seeds tested;
multiply by the pure seed percentage for Melilotus spp.; the result is
the percentage of yellow sweetclover in the sample. The percentage of
white sweetclover is found by subtracting the percentage of yellow
sweetclover from the percentage of Melilotus spp. pure seed.
(c) Wheat. From the pure seed sample count four replicates of 100
seeds each. Soak the seed in distilled water for 16 hours; then flush
with tap water and remove the excess water from the surface of the
seeds. Place two layers of filter paper in a container and moisten with
a 1 percent phenol (C6H5OH) solution. Place the seed, palea
side down, on the two layers of filter paper and cover the container. A
preliminary observation may be made at 2 hours. At 4 hours, record the
number of seeds in each of the following color categories:
(1) Ivory.
(2) Fawn.
(3) Light Brown.
(4) Brown.
(5) Brown Black.
(d) Soybean. In determining the varietal purity, the peroxidase
test may be used. Remove and place the dry seed coat from seeds into
individual test tubes or suitable containers. Add 10 drops (0.5-1.0 mL)
of 0.5 percent guaiacol (C7H8O2) to each test tube.
After waiting 10 minutes add one drop (about 0.1 mL) of 0.1 percent
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). One minute after adding hydrogen
peroxide, record the seed coat as peroxidase positive (high peroxidase
activity) indicated by a reddish-brown solution or peroxidase negative
(low peroxidase activity) indicated by a colorless solution in the test
tube. Various sample sizes may be used for this test. Test results
shall include the sample size tested.
(e) Oat. In determining the varietal purity, the fluorescence test
may be used. Place at least 400 seeds on a black background under a
F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tube(s) in an area where light from
other sources is excluded. Seeds are considered fluorescent if the
lemma or palea fluoresce or appear light in color. ``Partially
fluorescent'' seeds shall be considered fluorescent. Seeds are
considered nonfluorescent if the lemma and palea do not fluoresce and
appear dark in color under the ultraviolet light.
34. A new Sec. 201.58d is added to read as follows:
Sec. 201.58d Fungal endophyte test.
A fungal endophyte test may be used to determine the amount of
fungal endophyte (Acremonium spp.) in certain grasses.
(a) Method of preparation of aniline blue stain for use in testing
grass seed and plant material for the presence of fungal endophyte:
(1) Prepare a 1 percent aqueous aniline blue solution by dissolving
1 gram aniline blue in 100 mL distilled water.
(2) Prepare the endophyte staining solution of one part of 1
percent aniline blue solution with 2 parts of 85 percent lactic acid
(C3H6O3).
(3) Use stain as-is or dilute with water if staining is too dark.
(b) Procedure for determining levels of fungal endophyte in grass
seed:
(1) Take a sub-sample of seed (1 gram is sufficient) from the pure
seed portion of the kind under consideration.
(2) Digest seed at room temperature for 12-16 hours in a 5 percent
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or other temperature/time combination
resulting in adequate seed softening.
(3) Rinse thoroughly in running tap water.
(4) De-glume seeds and place on a microscope slide in a drop of
endophyte staining solution. Slightly crush the seeds. Use caution to
prevent carryover hyphae of fungal endophyte from one seed to another.
(5) Place coverglass on seed and apply gentle pressure.
(6) Examine with compound microscope at 100-400 x magnification,
scoring a seed as positive if any identifiable hyphae are present.
(7) Various sample sizes may be used for this test. Precision
changes with sample size; therefore, the test results must include the
sample size tested.
(c) Procedure for determining levels of fungal endophyte in
seedlings from seed samples suspected to contain fungal endophyte:
(1) Select seeds at random and germinate.
(2) Examine seedlings from the sample germinated after growing for
a minimum of 48 days.
(3) Remove the outermost sheath from the seedling. Tissue should
have no obvious discoloration from saprophytes and should have as
little chlorophyll as possible.
(4) Isolate a longitudinal section of leaf sheath approximately 3-5
mm in width.
(5) Place the section on a microscope slide with the epidermis side
down.
(6) Stain immediately with the endophyte staining solution as
prepared in paragraph (a)(2) and (3) of this section. Allow dye to
remain at least 15 seconds but no more than one minute.
(7) Blot off the excess dye with tissue paper. Sections should
remain on the slide, but may adhere to the tissue paper; if so, remove
and place in proper position on the slide.
(8) Place a coverglass on the sections and flood with water.
(9) Proceed with evaluation as described in paragraph (b) (6) and
(7) of this section.
35. In Sec. 201.60, paragraphs (a)(1) and (c) are revised to read
as follows:
Sec. 201.60 Purity percentages.
(a)(1) The tolerance for a given percentage of the purity
components is the same whether for pure seed, other crop seed, weed
seed, or inert matter. Wider tolerances are provided when 33 percent or
more of the sample is composed of seed plus empty florets and/or empty
spikelets of the following chaffy kinds: Wheatgrasses (Agropyron spp.);
bentgrasses and redtop (Agrostis spp.); meadow foxtail (Alopecurus
pratensis); bluestems (Andropogon spp.); sweet vernalgrass
(Anthoxanthum odoratum); tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius);
carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis); yellow bluestem (Bothriochloa
ischaemum); gramas (Bouteloua spp.); bromes, rescuegrass, and soft
chess (Bromus spp.); buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides); buffelgrass
(Cenchrus ciliaris); rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana); bermudagrass and
giant bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.); orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata);
veldtgrass (Ehrharta calycina); bottlebrush-squirreltail, Canada
wildrye, and wheatgrasses (Elymus spp.); wheatgrasses (Elytrigia spp.);
fescues (Festuca spp.); galletagrass (Hilaria jamesii); basin wildrye
(Leymus cinereus); ryegrasses (Lolium spp.); molassesgrass (Melinis
minutiflora); Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides); guineagrass
(Panicum maximum var. maximum); dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum);
vaseygrass (Paspalum urvillei); bluegrasses (Poa spp.); Russian wildrye
(Psathyrostachys juncea); little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium);
and yellow indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans). The wider tolerances do
not apply to seed devoid of hulls.
* * * * *
(c) Tolerances calculated by the following formula shall be used
for either chaffy or nonchaffy mixtures when the average particle-
weight ratio is 1.5:1 to 20:1 and beyond:
T=A-100R[(100A/R)/(B+A/R)-
T1]/[(100B)/(B+A/R)+T1]+R[(100A/R)/(B+A/R)-T1]
The symbols used in the formula are as follows:
T = tolerance being calculated.
A = percent which the weight of the component with the heavier average
particle-weight is of the weight of both components.
B = percent which the weight of the component with the lighter average
particle-weight is of the weight of both components.
H = average particle-weight for the component with the heavier average
particle-weight.
L = average particle-weight for the component with the lighter average
particle-weight.
R = ratio of the average particle-weight for the component with the
heavier average particle-weight to the average particle-weight for the
component with the lighter average particle-weight. R=H/L.
T1 = regular tolerance for the kind of seed (chaffy or nonchaffy)
and for (100B)/(B+A/R).
In determining the values for A and B in the formula, the sample
shall be regarded as composed of two parts:
(1) The kind, type, or variety under consideration, and
(2) All other components. Values for H and L shall be obtained from
the last column of Table 1, Sec. 201.46, or by laboratory tests for
inert matter, weed seeds, or crop seeds where such values are not
obtainable from Table 1. In computing tolerances for nonchaffy kinds
the values for T1 are taken from column C of Table 3, and for
chaffy kinds the values for T1 are taken from column D of Table 3.
Sec. 201.61 [Amended]
36. Section 201.61 is amended by removing ``2.4'' following the
number ``3'' in the first table and adding ``2.8'' in its place and
removing ``2.8'' following the number ``2'' and adding ``2.4'' in its
place.
Sec. 201.62 [Amended]
37. In Sec. 201.62, Table 4 is amended by removing in the ``100''
column ``4.0'' and adding ``4.6'' in its place.
38. Section 201.76 and Table 5 are revised to read as follows:
Sec. 201.76 Minimum land, isolation, field, and seed standards.
In the following Table 5 the figures in the ``Land'' column
indicate the number of years that must elapse between the destruction
of a stand of a kind and establishment of a stand of a specified class
of a variety of the same kind. A certification agency may grant a
variance in the land cropping history in specific circumstances where
cultural practices have been proven adequate to maintain genetic
purity. The figures in ``Isolation'' column indicate the distance in
feet from any contamination source. The figures in the ``Field'' column
indicate the minimum number of plants or heads in which one plant or
head of another variety is permitted. The figure in the ``Seed'' column
indicate the maximum percentage of seed of other varieties of off-types
permitted in the cleaned seed.
Table 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foundation Registered Certified
Crop ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land Isolation Field Seed Land Isolation Field Seed Land Isolation Field Seed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alfalfa:
Nonhybrid................. \1\4 \44\\48\600
(\59\182.88m) 1,000 0.1 \1\3 \3\\44\\48\
300
(\59\91.44m
) 400 0.25 \1\\2\1 \44\\49\165
(\59\50.29m
) 1001.0
Hybrid.................... \1\4 \43\1,320
(\59\402.34m) \42\1,000 0.1 ..... ........... ......... ..... \1\\2\1 \3\\43\\44\
165
(\59\50.29m
) \42\1001.0
Barley:
Nonhybrid................. \7\1 \23\0 3,000 0.05 \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 1,0000.2
Hybrid.................... \30\1 \21\\32\660
(\59\201.17m) 3,000 0.05 \30\1 \21\\32\660
(\59\201.17
m) 2,000 0.1 \30\1 \21\\32\330
(\59\100.59
m) 1,000\55\0.2
Hybrid (chemically
assisted)................ ..... .............. .......... ....... ..... ........... ......... ..... \57\0 \52\ \53\
330
(\59\
100.59m) \54\1,0000.2
Bean:
Field and garden.......... \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.05 \7\1 \23\0 1,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 5,000.2
Mung...................... \7\1 \23\0 1,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 500 0.2 \7\1 \23\0 2,000.5
Broadbean................... \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.05 \7\1 \23\0 1,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 5,000.2
Buckwheat................... \7\1 660
(\59\201.17m) 3,000 0.05 \7\1 660
(\59\201.17
m) 2,000 0.1 \7\1 660
(\59\201.17
m) 1,0000.2
Clover all kinds............ \1\\9
\5 \5\\18\\44\600
(\59\182.88m) 1,000 0.1 \1\\9
\3 \5\\18\\44\
300
(\59\91.44m
) 400 0.25 \1\\9\2 \18\\44\165
(\59\50.29) 1001.0
Corn:
Backcross................. 0 \10\\11\660
(\59\201.17m) \13\ \46\
1,000 \15\0.1
Inbred.................... 0 \10\\11\660
(\59\201.17m) \13\ \46\
1,000 \15\0.1
Foundation single cross... 0 \10\\11\660
(\59\201.17m) \13\ \46\
1,000 \15\0.1
Hybrid.................... ..... .............. .......... ....... ..... ........... ......... ..... 0 \11\\12\660
(\59\201.17
m) 1,0000.5
Open-pollinated........... ..... .............. .......... ....... ..... ........... ......... ..... 0 \11\ \12\
660
(\59\201.17
m) 2000.5
Sweet..................... ..... .............. .......... ....... ..... ........... ......... ..... 0 \11\ \14\
660
(\59\201.17
m) 0.5
Cotton...................... 0 \19\0 10,000 0.03 0 \19\0 5,000 0.05 0 \19\0 1,0000.1
Cowpea...................... \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 1,000 0.2 \7\1 \23\0 5000.5
Crambe...................... \7\1 660
(\59\201.17m) 2,000 0.05 \7\1 \24\660
(\59\201.17
m) 1,000 0.1 \7\1 \24\660
(\59\201.17
m) 5000.25
CrownPvetch................. \1\5 \5\\44\600
(\59\182.88m) 1,000 0.1 \1\3 \5\\44\300
(\59\91.44m
) 400 0.25 \1\2 \6\\44\165
(\59\50.29) 1001.0
Flatpea..................... \1\4 \5\\44\600
(\59\182.88m) 1,000 0.1 \1\3 \3\\5\\44\3
00
(\59\91.44m
) 400 0.25 \1\\2\1 \3\\44\165
(\59\50.29m
) 1001.0
Flax........................ \7\1 \23\0 5,000 0.05 \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 1,0000.2
Grasses:
Cross-pollinated.......... \57\5 \4\\18\\20\900
(\59\274.32m) 1,000 0.1 \8\\5
7\1 \4\\18\\20\
300
(\59\91.44m
) 100 1.0 \8\\57\1 \4\\18\\20\
\58\165
(\59\50.29m
) 50\47\\50\2.0
Strains at least 80
percent apomictic and
highly self-fertile
species.................. \57\5 \4\\18\\20\60
(\59\18.29m) 1,000 0.1 \8\\5
7\1 \4\\18\\20\
30
(\59\9.14m) 100 1.0 \8\\57\1 \4\\18\\20\
\58\15
(\59\4.57m) 50\16\2.0
Lespedeza................... \1\5 \4\10
(\59\3.05m) 1,000 0.1 \1\3 \4\10
(\59\3.05m) 400 0.25 \1\2 \4\10
(\59\3.05m) 1001.0
Millet:
Cross-pollinated.......... \8\1 \40\1,320
(\59\402.34m) \27\20,000 0.005 \8\1 \40\1,320
(\59\402.34
m) \27\10,00
0 0.01 \8\1 \40\660
(\59\201.71
m) \27\5,0000.02
Self-pollinated........... \8\1 \23\0 3,000 0.05 \8\1 \23\0 2,000 0.1 \8\1 \23\0 1,0000.2
Mustard..................... 4 1,320
(\59\402.34m) 2,000 0.05 ..... ........... ......... ..... 2 \24\660
(\59\201.17
m) 5000.25
Oat......................... \7\1 \23\0 3,000 0.2 \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.3 \7\1 \23\0 1,0000.5
Okra........................ \7\1 1,320
(\59\251.46m) \27\0 0.0 \7\1 1,320
(\59\402.34
m) \27\2,500 0.5 \7\1 825
(\59\402.34
m) \27\1,2501.0
Onion....................... \7\1 5,280
(\59\1,609.36m
) \22\200 0.0 \7\1 2,640
(\59\804.66
m) \22\200 \22\0
.5 \7\1 1,320
(\59\402.34
m) \22\200\22\1.0
Pea, field.................. \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.05 \7\1 \23\0 1,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 5000.2
Peanut...................... \7\1 \23\0 1,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 500 0.2 \7\1 \23\0 2000.5
Pepper...................... \7\1 \25\200
(\59\60.96m) 0 0.0 \7\1 \25\100
(\59\30.48m
) 300 0.5 \7\1 \25\30
(\59\9.14m) 1501.0
Rape:
Cross-pollinated.......... 4 \24\1,320
(\59\402.34m) 2,000 0.05 ..... ........... ......... ..... 2 \24\330
(\59\100.59
m) 5000.25
Self-pollinated........... 4 \24\660
(\59\201.17m) 2,000 0.05 ..... ........... ......... ..... 2 \24\330
(\59\100.59
m) 5000.25
Rice........................ \7\1 \39\10
(\59\3.05m) 10,000 0.05 \7\1 \39\10
(\59\3.05m) 5,000 0.1 \7\1 \39\10
(\59\3.05m) 1,0000.2
Rye......................... \7\1 \18\660
(\59\201.17m) 3,000 0.05 \7\1 \18\660
(\59\201.17
m) 2,000 0.1 \7\1 \18\660
(\59\201.17
m) 1,0000.2
Safflower................... \7\2 1,320
(\59\402.34m) 10,000 0.01 \7\2 1,320
(\59\402.34
m) 2,000 0.05 \7\2 1,320
(\59\402.34
m) 1,0000.1
Sainfoin.................... \1\5 \5\\44\600
(\59\182.88m) 1,000 0.1 \1\3 \5\\44\300
(\59\91.44m
) 400 0.25 \1\2 \6\\44\165
(\59\50.29m
) 1001.0
Sorghum:
Non- hybrid............... \7\1 990
(\59\201.76m) \27\50,000 0.005 \7\1 990
(\59\301.76
m) \27\35,00
0 0.01 \7\1 \29\660
(\59\201.17
m) \27\20,0000.05
Hybrid seedstock.......... \7\1 990
(\59\301.76m) \27\50,000 0.005 ..... ........... ......... ..... ........... ........... ..............
Commercial hybrid......... ..... .............. .......... ....... ..... ........... ......... \7\1 \21\\29\\31
\660 \27\20,0000
.1
(\59\201.17
m)
Soybean..................... \33\1 \23\0 1,000 0.1 \33\1 \23\0 500 0.2 \33\1 \23\0 2000.5
Sunflower:
Nonhybrid................. 1 \41\\45\2,640
(\59\804.66m) 200 0.02 1 \41\\45\2,6
40
(\59\804.66
m) 200 0.02 1 \41\\45\2,6
40 200\34\0.1
Hybrid.................... 1 \41\\45\2,640
(\59\804.66m) \35\250 \56\0.0
2 ..... ........... ......... ..... 1 \41\\45\2,6
40
(\59\804.66
m) \35\250 \34\
\56\ 0.1
Tomato...................... \7\1 \25\200
(\59\60.96m) 0 0 \7\1 \25\100
(\59\30.48m
) 300 0.5 \7\1 \25\30
(\59\9.14m) 1501.0
Tobacco:
Nonhybrid................. \36\0 \37\150
(\59\45.72m) 0 0.01 \36\0 \37\150
(\59\45.72m
) 0 0.01 \36\0 \37\150
(\59\45.72m
) 00.01
Hybrid.................... ..... .............. .......... ....... ..... ........... ......... ..... \36\0 \38\150
(\59\45.72m
) 00.01
Trefoil, birdsPfoot......... \1\5 \5\,\44\600
\59\182.88m) 1,000 0.1 \1\3 \5\,\44\300
\59\91.44m) 400 0.25 \1\2 \6\,\44\165
(\59\50.29m
) 1001.0
Triticale................... \7\1 \23\0 3,000 0.05 \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 10,000.2
Vetch....................... \1\,\
7\5 \17\,\44\10
(\59\3.05m) 1,000 0.1 \1\,\
7\3 \17\,\44\10
(\59\3.05m) 400 0.25 \1\,\7\2 \17\,\44\10
(\59\3.05m) 1001.0
Vetch, milk................. \1\5 \5\,\44\600
(\59\182.88m) 2,000 0.05 \1\3 \5\,\44\300
(\59\91.44m
) 1,000 0.1 \1\2 \44\165
(\59\50.29m
) 2000.5
Watermelon.................. \7\1 \26\2,640
(\59\804.66m) \28\0 0 \7\1 \26\2,640
(\59\402.34
m) \28\0 0.5 \7\1 \26\1,320 \28\5001.0
Wheat:
Nonhybrid................. \7\1 \23\0 3,000 0.05 \7\1 \23\0 2,000 0.1 \7\1 \23\0 10,000.2
Hybrid.................... \30\1 \21\,\32\660
(\59\201.17m) 3,000 0.05 \30\1 \21\,\32\66
0
(\59\201.17
m) 2,000 0.1 \30\1 \21\,\32\33
0
(\59\100.59
m) 10,000.2
Hybrid (Chemically
assisted)................ ..... .............. .......... ....... ..... ........... ......... ..... \51\0 \52\,\53\33
0
(\59\100.58
m) \54\ 1,000
\55\ 0.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\The land must be free of volunteer plants of the crop kind during the year immediately prior to establishment and no manure or other contaminating
material shall be applied the year previous to seeding or during the establishment and productive life of the stand.
\2\At least 2 years must elapse between destruction of indistinguishable varieties or varieties of dissimilar adaptation and establishment of the stand
for the production of the Certified class of seed.
\3\Isolation distance for certified seed production shall be at least 500 feet (152.07m) from varieties of dissimilar adaptation.
\4\Isolation between classes of the same variety may be reduced to 25 percent of the distance otherwise required.
\5\This distance applies when fields are 5 acres (2ha) or larger in area. For smaller fields, the distances are 900 feet (274.32m) and 450 feet
(137.16m) for the Foundation and Registered classes, respectively.
\6\Fields of less than 5 acres (2ha) require 330 feet (100.59m).
\7\Requirement is waived if the previous crop was grown from certified seed of the same variety.
\8\Requirement is waived if the previous crop was of the same variety and of a certified class equal or superior to that of the crop seeded.
\9\Reseeding varieties of crimson clover may be allowed to volunteer back year after year on the same ground. If a new variety is being planted where
another variety once grew, the field history requirements apply.
\10\No isolation is required for the production of hand-pollinated seed.
\11\When the contaminant is the same color and texture, the isolation distance may be modified by (1) adequate natural barriers or (2) differential
maturity dates, provided there are no receptive silks in the seed parent at the time the contaminant is shedding pollen. In addition, dent sterile
popcorn requires no isolation from dent corn.
\12\Where the contaminating source is corn of the same color and texture as that of the field inspected or white endosperm-corn optically sorted, the
isolation distance is 410 feet (124.97m) and may be modified by the planting of pollen parent border rows according to the following table:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum No. of border rows required
Minimum distance from -------------------------------------------------
contaminant Field size, up to 20 acres Field size, 20 acres
(8ha) or more (8ha)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
410 (124.97m)......... 0......................... 0
370 (112.78m)......... 2 (0.8ha)................. 1 (0.4ha)
330 (100.59m)......... 4 (1.6ha)................. 2 (0.8ha)
290 (88.39m).......... 6 (2.4ha)................. 3 (1.2ha)
245 (74.68m).......... 8 (3.2ha)................. 4 (1.6ha)
205 (62.48m).......... 10 (4.0ha)................ 5 (2.0ha)
165 (50.29m).......... 12 (4.8ha)................ 6 (2.4ha)
125 (38.10m).......... 14 (5.6ha)................ 7 (2.8ha)
85 (25.91m)........... 16 (6.4ha)................ 8 (3.2ha)
0..................... Not Permitted............. 10 (4.0ha)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\Refers to off-type plants in the pollen parent that have shed pollen
or to the off-type plants in the seed parent at the time of the last
inspection.
\14\The required minimum isolation distance for sweet corn is 660 feet
(201.17m) from the contaminating source, plus four border rows when
the field to be inspected is 10 acres (4.0ha) or less in size. This
distance may be decreased by 15 feet (4.57m) for each increment of 4
acres (1.6ha) in the size of the field to a maximum of 40 acres (16ha)
and further decreased 40 feet (12.19m) for each additional border row
to a maximum of 16 rows. These border rows are for pollen-shedding
purposes only.
\15\Refers to off-type ears. Ears with off-colored or different textured
kernels are limited to 0.5 percent, or a total of 25 off-colored or
different textured kernels per 1,000 ears.
\16\The Merion variety of Kentucky bluegrass is allowed 3 percent.
\17\All cross-pollinating varieties must be 400 feet (121.92m) from any
contaminating source.
\18\Isolation between diploids and tetraploids shall be at least 15 feet
(4.57m).
\19\Minimum isolation shall be at least 100 feet (30.48m) if the cotton
plants in the contaminating source differ by easily observable
morphological characteristics from the field to be inspected.
Isolation distance between upland and Egyptian types shall be at least
1,320 feet (402.34m), 1,320 feet (402.34m), and 660 feet (182.88m) for
Foundation, Registered, and Certified classes, respectively.
\20\These distances apply when there is no border removal. Border
removal applies only to fields of 5 acres (2ha) or more. Removal of a
9-foot (2.74m) border (after flowering) decreases the required
distance for Foundation, Registered, and Certified seed classes to 600
feet (182.88m), 225 feet (68.58m), and 100 feet (30.48m),
respectively, for cross-pollinated species, and to 30 feet (9.14m), 15
feet (4.57m), and 15 feet (4.57m), respectively, for apomictic and
self-pollinated species. Removal of a 15 foot (4.57m) border (after
flowering) allows a further decrease to 450 feet (136.16m), 150 feet
(45.72m), and 75 feet (22.86m), respectively, for cross-pollinated
species.
\21\Isolation distances between 2 fields of the same kind may be reduced
to a distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture, if the sum of
percentages of plants in bloom in both fields does not exceed 5
percent at a time when more than 1 percent of the plants in either
field are in bloom.
\22\Refers to bulbs.
\23\Distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture is necessary.
\24\Required isolation between classes of the same variety is 10 feet
(3.05m).
\25\The minimum distance may be reduced by 50 percent if different
classes of the same variety are involved.
\26\The minimum distance may be reduced by 50 percent if the field is
adequately protected by natural or artificial barriers.
\27\These ratios are for definite other varieties. The ratios for
doubtful other varieties are:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foundation Registered Certified
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Millet............................................. 1:10,000........ 1:5,000................ 1:2,500
Sorghum:
Nonhybrid...................................... 1:20,000........ 1:10,000............... 1:1,000
Hybrid......................................... 1:20,000........ Not Applicable......... 1:1,000
Okra............................................... None............ 1:750.................. 1:500
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\Whiteheart fruits may not exceed 1 per 100, 40, and 20 for Foundation, Registered, and Certified classes,
respectively. Citron or hard rind is not permitted in Foundation or Registered classes and may not exceed 1
per 1,000 fruits in the Certified class.
\29\This distance applies if the contaminating source does not genetically differ in height from the pollinator
parent or has a different chromosome number. If the contaminating source does (genetically) differ and has the
same chromosome number the distance shall be 990 feet (301.76m). The minimum isolation from grass sorghum or
broomcorn with the same chromosome number shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m).
\30\Requirement is waived for the production of pollinator lines if the previous crop was grown from a certified
class of seed of the same variety. Sterile lines and crossing blocks must be on land free of contaminating
plants.
\31\If the contaminating source is similar to the hybrid in all important characteristics, the isolation may be
reduced by 66 feet (20.12m) for each pair of border rows of the pollinator parent down to a minimum of 330
feet (100.59m). These rows must be located directly opposite or diagonally to the contaminating source. The
pollinator border rows must be shedding pollen during the entire time 5 percent or more of the seed parent
flowers are receptive.
\32\An unplanted strip at least 2 feet (0.61m) in width shall separate male sterile plants and pollinator plants
in inter-planted blocks.
\33\Unless the preceding crop was another kind or unless the preceding soybean crop was planted with a class of
certified seed of the same variety, or unless the preceding soybean crop and the variety being planted have an
identifiable character difference, in which case, no time need elapse.
\34\May include not more than 0.04 percent purple or white seeds.
\35\Standards apply equally to seed parents and pollen parents which may include up to 1:1,000 plants each of
the wild-type branching, purple, or white-seeded plants.
\36\A new plant bed must be used each year unless the bed is properly treated with a soil sterilant prior to
seeding.
\37\This distance is applied between varieties of the same type and may be waived if four border rows of each
variety are allowed to bloom and set seed between the two varieties but are not harvested for seed. Isolation
between varieties of different types shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m) except if protected by bagging or by
topping all plants in the contaminating source before bloom.
\38\When male sterile and male fertile plants of the same type are planted adjacent in a field, this requirement
may be waived; provided, four border rows of male sterile plants are allowed to bloom and set seeds. The seed
from these border rows shall not be harvested as part of the certified lot of seed produced by the male
sterile plants. When plants are of different types, the distance shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m) except if
protected by bagging or by topping all plants in the contaminating source before bloom.
\39\Isolation between varieties or non-certified fields of the same variety shall be 100 feet (30.48m) if aerial
seeded and 50 feet (15.24m) if ground broadcast, and 10 feet (3.05m) if ground drilled.
\40\Isolation between millets of different genera shall be 6 feet (1.83m).
\41\Does not apply to Helianthus similes, H.ludens, or H.agrestis.
\42\The ratio of male sterile (A) strains and pollen (B or C) strains shall not exceed 2:1.
\43\Parent lines (A and B) in a crossing block, or seed and pollen lines in a hybrid seed production field,
shall be separated by at least 6 feet (1.83m) and shall be managed and harvested in a manner to prevent
mixing.
\44\Distance between fields of certified classes of the same variety may be reduced to 10 feet (3.05m)
regardless of the class or size of the fields.
\45\An isolation distance of 5,280 feet (1609.36m) is required between oil and non-oil sunflower types and
between either type and other volunteers or wild types.
\46\Detasseling, cutting, or pulling of the cytoplasmic male-sterile seed parent is permitted.
\47\All varieties of perennial ryegrass seed are allowed 3.0 percent.
\48\This distance applies for fields over 5 acres (2ha). For alfalfa fields of 5 acres (2ha) or less that
produce the Foundation and Registered seek classes, the minimum distance from a different variety or a field
of the same variety that does not meet the varietal purity requirements for certification shall be 900 feet
(274.32m) and 450 feet (137.16m), respectively.
\49\There must be at least 10 feet (3.05m) or a distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture between a field
of another variety (or noncertified area within the same field) and the area being certified. The 165 feet
(50.29m) isolation requirement is waived if the area of the ``isolation zone'' is less than 10 percent of the
field eligible for the Certified class. The ``isolation zone'' is that area calculated by multiplying the
length of the common border(s) with other varieties of alfalfa by the average width of the field (being
certified) falling within the 165 feet (50.29m) isolation. Areas within the isolation zone nearest the
contamination source shall not be certified.
\50\Seed of Critana thickspike wheatgrass (Elytrigia dasystachya) may contain up to 30 percent slender
wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus) types.
\51\Crossing blocks must be planted on land free of volunteer contaminating plants.
\52\This distance applies to the seed parent when the contaminating source is wheat of another market class. If
the contaminating source is the same market class as the seed rent, the distance may be modified by the
planting of pollen parent border according to the following table:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum distance from contaminant Pollen(parent border)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Feet Meters Feet Meters
------------------------------------------------------------------------
330.............................. 100.59 0 0
275.............................. 83.82 15 4.57
215.............................. 65.53 25 7.62
160.............................. 48.77 35 10.67
100.............................. 30.48 50 15.25
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\Interplanted blocks of seed parent and pollinator shall be separated
by an unplanted strip a minimum of one foot (0.31m) in width and be
clearly identifiable.
\54\If Foundation or Registered the ratio shall be 1:3000 (Foundation)
and 1:2000 (Registered).
\55\Does not include seed of the female parent.
\56\Pre-Control Test Standards.
If field inspection shows one or more of the following, the applicant
may request that seed certification be based on the results of a pre-
certification grow-test approved by the certification agency;
a. inadequate insolation;
b. too few male parent plants shedding pollen when female plants are
receptive;
c. excess off-types not to include wild types.
In such case, at lest 2,000 plants must be observed and meet the
following standards before seed can be certified from fields with
problems listed above.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum permitted
Factor ---------------------------------
Hybrid(percent) Inbred(percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sterile Plants........................ 5.0 ...............
Sterile or Fertile Plants............. ............... 5.0
Morphological Variants................ 0.5 0.5
Wild types............................ 0.2 0.2
Total (including above types)... 5.0 5.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For non-oil types, seed which contains not more than 15 percent sterile
plants may be certified. If it contains 85 percent-95 percent hybrid
plants, the percentage of hybrid shall be shown on the certification
label.
\57\Application to establish the pedigree must be made within one year
of seeding. The crop will remain under supervision of the certifying
agency as long as the field is eligible for certification.
\58\These distances apply when there is no border removal. Varieties
that are 95 percent or more apomictic, as defined by the originating
breeder, shall have the isolation distance reduced to a mechanical
separation only. Varieties less than 95 percent apomictic and all
other cross pollinating species that have an ``isolation zone'' of
less than 10 percent of the entire field, no isolation is required.
(Isolation zone is calculated by multiplying the length of the common
border with other varieties of grass by the average width of the
certified field falling within the isolation distance required.)
\59\Indicates metric equivalent in meters.
Dated: May 6, 1994.
Lon Hatamiya,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 94-11492 Filed 5-16-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-10-D