[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 82 (Friday, April 29, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-10296]


[[Page Unknown]]

[Federal Register: April 29, 1994]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 

Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty 
Actions; Publication

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of publication.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of 
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty 
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, an index by 
subject matter, and case digests that contain identifying information 
about the final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator. 
Publication of these indexes and digests is intended to increase the 
public's awareness of the Administrator's decisions and orders and to 
assist litigants and practitioners in their research and review of 
decisions and orders that may have precedential value in a particular 
civil penalty action. Publication of the index by order number, as 
supplemented by the index by subject matter, ensures that the agency is 
in compliance with statutory indexing requirements.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Daniel J. Peterson, Special Counsel and Director of Civil Penalty 
Adjudications (AGC-700), Federal Aviation Administration, 701 
Pennsylvania Avenue NW., suite 925, Washington, DC 20004; telephone 
(202) 376-6441.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires 
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection 
and copying current indexes containing identifying information 
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5 
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in 
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced 
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide 
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and 
the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty 
actions. 14 CFR part 13, subpart G. The FAA maintains an index of the 
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty actions organized 
by order number and containing identifying information about each 
decision or order. The FAA also maintains a subject-matter index, and 
digests organized by order number.
    In a notice issued on October 26, 1990, the FAA published these 
indexes and digests for all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 FR 45984; October 31, 
1990. The FAA announced in that notice that it would publish 
supplements to these indexes and digests on a quarterly basis (i.e., in 
January, April, July, and October of each year). The FAA announced 
further in that notice that only the subject-matter index would be 
published cumulatively, and that both the order number index and the 
digests would be non-cumulative.
    Since that first index was issued on October 26, 1990 (55 FR 45984; 
October 31, 1990), the FAA has issued supplementary notices containing 
the quarterly indexes of the Administrator's civil penalty decisions as 
follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Dates of quarter               Federal Register publication 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/1/90-12/31/90........................  56 FR 44886; 2/6/91.          
1/1/91-3/31/91..........................  56 FR 20250; 5/2/91.          
4/1/91-6/30/91..........................  56 FR 31984; 7/12/91.         
7/1/91-9/30/91..........................  56 FR 51735; 10/15/91.        
10/1/91-12/31/91........................  57 FR 2299; 1/21/92.          
1/1/92-3/31/92..........................  57 FR 12359; 4/9/92.          
4/1/92-6/30/92..........................  57 FR 32825; 7/23/92.         
7/1/92-9/30/92..........................  57 FR 48255; 10/22/92.        
10/1/92-12/31/92........................  58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.          
1/1/93-3/31/93..........................  58 FR 21199; 4/19/93.         
4/1/93-6/30/93..........................  58 FR 42120; 8/6/93.          
7/1/93-9/30/93..........................  58 FR 58218; 10/29/93.        
10/1/93-12/31/93........................  59 FR 5466; 2/4/94.           
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the notice published on January 19, 1993, the Administrator 
announced that for the convenience of the users of these indexes, the 
order number index published at the end of the year would reflect all 
of the civil penalty decisions for that year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93. The 
order number indexes for the first, second, and third quarters would be 
non-cumulative.
    As noted at the beginning of the digests, the digests do not 
constitute legal authority, and should not be cited or relied upon as 
such. The digests are not intended to serve as a substitute for proper 
legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other interested persons should 
always consult the full text of the Administrator's decisions before 
citing them in any context.
    The Administrator's final decisions and orders, indexes, and 
digests are available for public inspection and copying at all FAA 
legal offices. (The addresses of the FAA legal offices are listed at 
the end of this notice.)
    In addition, the Administrator's decisions and orders have been 
published by commercial publishers and are available on computer 
databases. (Information about these commercial publications and 
computer databases is provided at the end of this notice.)

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Order Number Index

    (This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator from January 1, 1994 to March 31, 1994.)

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Order No and service date                Name and docket No.            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
94-1 (2/18/94)............  Delta Airlines CP90**0022.                  
94-2 (3/10/94)............  Mary Woodhouse CP92WP0059.                  
94-3 (3/10/94)............  Valley Air Services CP91NE0236.             
94-4 (3/10/94)............  Northwest Aircraft Rental CP93NM0031.       
94-5 (3/10/94)............  Meritt A. Grant CP92SO0471.                 
94-6 (3/10/94)............  Raymond B. Strohl CP93GL0046.               
94-7 (3/10/94)............  Eric W. Hereth CP92WP0444.                  
94-8 (3/10/94)............  Raul Nunez CP92SO0028.                      
94-9 (3/29/94)............  B & G Instruments CP93SO0028.               
94-10 (3/29/94)...........  John G. Boyle CP93SO0060.                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                              Subject Matter Index                                              
                                         [Current as of March 31, 1994]                                         
Administrative Law Judges--Power and Authority:                                                                 
    Continuance of hearing.............................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.            
    Credibility findings...............................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley   
                                                          Air; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                  
    Default Judgment...................................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez.
    Discovery..........................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54      
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
    Granting extensions of time........................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
    Hearing location...................................  92-50 Cullop.                                          
    Hearing request....................................  93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl.                            
    Initial Decision...................................  92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.                         
    Jurisdiction.......................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32     
                                                          Barnhill.                                             
    Motion for Decision................................  92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11 
                                                          Merkley.                                              
    Notice of Hearing..................................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
    Sanction...........................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.       
    Vacating initial decision..........................  90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill.                      
Agency Attorney........................................  93-13 Medel.                                           
Air Carrier:                                                                                                    
    Agent/independent contractor of....................  92-70 USAir.                                           
    Careless or Reckless...............................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.           
        Employee.......................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
Aircraft Maintenance...................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural 
                                                          Aviation; 93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air.                    
    After certificate revocation.......................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
Aircraft Records:                                                                                               
    Aircraft Operation.................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
    Maintenance Records................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.      
    ``Yellow tags''....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
Airmen:                                                                                                         
    Pilots.............................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.                    
    Altitude deviation.................................  92-49 Richardson & Shimp.                              
    Careless or Reckless...............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-
                                                          29 Sweeney.                                           
    Flight time limitations............................  93-11 Merkley.                                         
    Follow ATC Instruction.............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp.                                   
    Low Flight.........................................  92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.                         
    See and Avoid......................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
Air Operations Area (AOA):                                                                                      
    Air Carrier:                                                                                                
        Responsibilities...............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
    Airport Operator:                                                                                           
        Responsibilities...............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
    Badge Display......................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines.        
    Definition of......................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
    Exclusive Areas....................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
Airport Security Program (ASP):                                                                                 
    Compliance with....................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.             
Airports:                                                                                                       
    Airport Operator:                                                                                           
        Responsibilities...............................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
Air Traffic Control (ATC):                                                                                      
    Error as mitigating factor.........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.                           
    Error as exonerating factor........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.              
    Ground Control.....................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.           
    Local Control......................................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                   
    Tapes & Transcripts................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.         
Airworthiness..........................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight         
                                                          Unlimited; 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse.       
Amicus Curiae Briefs...................................  90-25 Gabbert.                                         
Answer:                                                                                                         
    What constitutes...................................  92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck.                            
Appeals (See also Timeliness; Mailing Rule):                                                                    
    Briefs, Generally..................................  89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall;
                                                          92-39 Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl.  
    Additional Appeal Brief............................  92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28    
                                                          Strohl; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft.                      
    Appellate arguments................................  92-70 USAir.                                           
    Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal Courts)     90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-
     ``Good Cause'' for Late-Filed Brief or Notice of     24 Esau; 91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3     
     Appeal:                                              Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 92-41; Moore &     
                                                          Sabre Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57 Detroit Metro     
                                                          Wayne Co. Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27   
                                                          Simmons; 93-31 Allen.                                 
    Appeal dismissed as moot after complaint withdrawn.  92-9 Griffin.                                          
    Motion to Vacate construed as a brief..............  91-11 Continental Airlines.                            
    Perfecting an Appeal...............................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck.           
    Extension of Time for (good cause for).............  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91- 
                                                          32 Bargen; 91-50 Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24   
                                                          Steel City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez.                     
    Failure to.........................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird         
                                                          Accessories; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 
                                                          91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91- 
                                                          47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-18
                                                          Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36 
                                                          Southwest Airlines Co.; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk  
                                                          Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78
                                                          TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 93-31
                                                          Allen; 93-34 Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City        
                                                          Aviation.                                             
    What Constitutes...................................  90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 93-7 Dunn.                     
    Service of brief:                                                                                           
        Failure to serve other party...................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.                       
    Timeliness of Notice of Appeal.....................  90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69
                                                          McCabe; 93-27 Simmons.                                
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5   
                                                          Sussman; 90-6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-
                                                          9 Van Zandt; 90-13 O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo; 
                                                          90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-
                                                          40 & 90-41, Westair Commuter Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-
                                                          5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton; 91-
                                                          15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21 Britt       
                                                          Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental  
                                                          Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28 
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35
                                                          M. Graham; 91-36 Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America  
                                                          West; 91-42 Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan;
                                                          91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-
                                                          2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12   
                                                          Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21 Cronberg; 92-  
                                                          22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air      
                                                          Lines; 92-33 Port of Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42      
                                                          Jayson; 92-43 Delta Air Lines; 92-44 Owens; 92-53     
                                                          Humble; 92-54 & 92-55 Northwest Airlines; 92-60       
                                                          Costello; 92-61 Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63         
                                                          Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 Delta Air Lines; 92-66 Sabre  
                                                          Associates & Moore; 92-79 Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell
                                                          & Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 93-14 Fenske; 93-15 Brown; 93-21  
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 93-22 Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air     
                                                          Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation.                            
``Attempt''............................................  89-5 Schultz.                                          
Attorney Fees (See EAJA)                                                                                        
Aviation Safety Reporting System.......................  90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson &    
                                                          Shimp.                                                
Balloon (Hot Air)......................................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                        
Bankruptcy.............................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                             
Certificates and Authorizations:                                                                                
    Surrender when revoked.............................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
Civil Air Security National Airport:                                                                            
    Inspection Program (CASNAIP).......................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction)                                                                             
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument)                                                                      
Collateral Estoppel....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
Complaint:                                                                                                      
    Complainant Bound By...............................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.                              
    Failure to File Timely:                                                                                     
        Answer to......................................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47        
                                                          Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5    
                                                          Grant.                                                
    Timeliness of......................................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.   
Compliance & Enforcement Program:                                                                               
    (FAA Order No. 2150.3A)............................  89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5 
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
    Sanction Guidance Table............................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37         
                                                          Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines. 
Concealment of Weapons.................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.     
Consolidation of Cases.................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.             
Continuance of Hearing.................................  90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.                         
Corrective Action (See Sanction)                                                                                
Credibility of Witnesses:                                                                                       
    Deference to ALJ...................................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf.               
    Expert witnesses:                                                                                           
        (See also Witnesses)...........................  90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf.                          
    Impeachment........................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                        
De facto answer........................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
Deliberative Process Privilege.........................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18, & 90-19          
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
Deterrence.............................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited.                  
Discovery:                                                                                                      
    Deliberative Process:                                                                                       
        Privilege......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19           
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
    Depositions........................................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                 
        Notice of......................................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                 
    Failure to Produce.................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation;
                                                          93-10 Costello.                                       
    Of Investigative File in:                                                                                   
        Unrelated Case.................................  92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                                  
    Sanctions for......................................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.             
Due Process:                                                                                                    
    Before finding a violation.........................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
    Violation of.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                          37 Northwest Airlines.                                
EAJA:                                                                                                           
    Adversary Adjudication.............................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation.              
    Further proceedings................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
    Jurisdiction over appeal...........................  92-74 Wendt.                                           
    Other expenses.....................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
    Prevailing party...................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
    Substantial justification..........................  91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt.                
Ex Parte Communications................................  93-10 Costello.                                        
Expert Witnesses (see Witness)                                                                                  
Extension of Time:                                                                                              
    By Agreement of Parties............................  89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
    Dismissal by Decisionmaker.........................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.                              
    Good Cause for.....................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.                          
    Objection to.......................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.              
    Who may grant......................................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
Federal Courts.........................................  92-7 West.                                             
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.......................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                    
Final Oral Argument....................................  92-3 Park.                                             
Firearms (See Weapons)                                                                                          
Freedom of Information Act.............................  93-10 Costello.                                        
Guns (See Weapons)                                                                                              
Hazardous Materials Transp. Act........................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77
                                                          TCI.                                                  
    Civil Penalty......................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    Corrective Action..................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    Culpability........................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    First-time violation...............................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    Gravity of the violation...........................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    Criminal Penalty...................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    Knowingly..........................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
Informal Conference....................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                        
Initial Decision:                                                                                               
    What constitutes...................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
Interference with crewmembers..........................  92-3 Park.                                             
Interlocutory Appeal...................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37   
                                                          Airspect.                                             
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-
                                                          73 Wyatt.                                             
Jurisdiction:                                                                                                   
    After initial decision.............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28    
                                                          Strohl.                                               
    $50,000 Limit......................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
    EAJA cases.........................................  92-74 Wendt.                                           
    HazMat cases.......................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                
    NTSB...............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
Knowledge (See also Weapons Violations):                                                                        
    Of concealed weapon................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                        
Laches (See Unreasonable Delay)                                                                                 
Mailing Rule...........................................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories;
                                                          90-39 Hart.                                           
    Overnight express delivery.........................  89-6 American Airlines.                                
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance)                                                                          
Maintenance Instruction................................  93-36 Valley Air.                                      
Maintenance Manual.....................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
Mootness:                                                                                                       
    Appeal dismissed as:                                                                                        
        Moot after Complaint 'Withdrawn                  92-9 Griffin.                                          
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program (NASIP)....  90-16 Rocky Mountain.                                  
National Transportation Safety Board:                                                                           
    Administrator not bound by NTSB case law...........  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18   
                                                          Westair Commuter.                                     
    Lack of Jurisdiction...............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74     
                                                          Wendt.                                                
Notice of Hearing:                                                                                              
    Receipt............................................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:                                                                               
    Initiates Action...................................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                             
    Signature of agency attorney.......................  93-12 Langton.                                         
    Withdrawal of......................................  90-17 Wilson.                                          
Operate................................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.   
Oral Argument:                                                                                                  
    Decision to hold...................................  92-16 Wendt.                                           
    Instructions for...................................  92-27 Wendt.                                           
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:                                                                                  
    Appeal from........................................  82-1 Costello.                                         
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir.          
Parts Manufacturer Approval:                                                                                    
    Failure to obtain..................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
Passenger Misconduct...................................  92-3 Park.                                             
    Smoking............................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
Penalty (See Sanction)                                                                                          
Person.................................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
Proof & Evidence                                                                                                
    Affirmative Defense................................  92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida.                
    Burden of Proof....................................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92- 
                                                          13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney.   
    Circumstantial Evidence............................  90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29        
                                                          Sweeney.                                              
    Credibility (See Administrative Law Judges;                                                                 
     Credibility of Witnesses)                                                                                  
    Criminal standard rejected.........................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                   
    Hearsay............................................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
    Preponderance of evidence..........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental       
                                                          Airlines; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72          
                                                          Giuffrida.                                            
    Presumption that message on ATC tape is received as  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.         
     transmitted.                                                                                               
    Presumption that a gun is deadly or dangerous......  90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.                         
    Substantial evidence...............................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
Pro Se Parties:                                                                                                 
    Special Considerations.............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz.              
Prosecutorial Discretion...............................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38           
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91 41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46 
                                                          Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 Wyatt.                          
Reconsideration:                                                                                                
    Denied by ALJ......................................  89-4 & 90-3 Metz.                                      
    Granted by AL......................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
    Stay of Order Pending..............................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.             
Remand.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24    
                                                          Bayer; 91-51 Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1     
                                                          Costello; 92-76 Safety Equipment.                     
Repair Station.........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 
                                                          94-2 Woodhouse.                                       
Rules of Practice (14 CFR part 13, subpart G):                                                                  
    Applicability of...................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS   
                                                          Aviation.                                             
    Challenges to......................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21       
                                                          Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.                    
    Effect of Changes in...............................  90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
    Initiation of Action...............................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                             
Runway incursions......................................  92-40 Wendt, 93-18 Westair Commuter.                   
Sanction:                                                                                                       
    Ability to Pay.....................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10
                                                          Flight Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72       
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51
                                                          Koblick; 93-10 Costello; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft      
                                                          Rental.                                               
    Agency Policy:                                                                                              
        ALJ Bound by...................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.        
        Statements of (e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A,          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 93-33 Cato; 
         Sanction Guidance Table, memoranda pertaining    90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.       
         to).                                                                                                   
    Corrective Action..................................  91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          41 [Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18    
                                                          Westair Commuter.                                     
    Discovery (See Discovery)                                                                                   
    Factors to consider................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines, 
                                                          91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport  
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight     
                                                          Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter, 92-51 Koblick.       
    First-Time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.     
    HazMat (See Hazardous Materials Transp. Act)                                                                
    Inexperience.......................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                
    Maximum............................................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.                              
    Modified...........................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-38     
                                                          Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines;  
                                                          92-32 Barnhill.                                       
    Pilot Deviation....................................  92-8 Watkins.                                          
    Test object detection..............................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                    
    Unauthorized access................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;  
                                                          94-1 Delta Air Lines.                                 
    Weapons violations.................................  90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92- 
                                                          32 Barnhill; 94-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5
                                                          Grant.                                                
Screening of Persons Entering Sterile Areas............  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.                              
Separation of Functions................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
                                                          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38      
                                                          Continental Airlines; 93-13 Medel.                    
Service (See also Mailing Rule):                                                                                
    Of NPCP............................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
    Of FNPCP...........................................  93-13 Medel.                                           
    Valid Service......................................  92-18 Bargen.                                          
Settlement.............................................  91-50 & 92-1 Costello.                                 
Smoking................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
Standard Security Program (SSP):                                                                                
    Compliance with....................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta 
                                                          Air Lines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1   
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
Stay of Orders.........................................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.             
Strict Liability.......................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 
                                                          91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].   
Test Object Detection..................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines;
                                                          92-13 Delta Air Lines.                                
    Proof of violation.................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta  
                                                          Air Lines.                                            
    Sanction...........................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                    
Timeliness (See also: Complaint; Mailing rule; and                                                              
 Appeals)                                                                                                       
    Of response to NPCP................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
    Of complaint.......................................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.               
    Of NPCP............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    Of request for hearing.............................  93-12 Langton.                                         
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer Approval)  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
Unauthorized Access:                                                                                            
    To Aircraft........................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air     
                                                          Lines.                                                
    To Air Operations Area (AOA).......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
Unreasonable Delay:                                                                                             
    In Initiating Action...............................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, Adequacy of.............  92-40 Wendt.                                           
Weapons Violations.....................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23      
                                                          Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3      
                                                          Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32
                                                          Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59  
                                                          Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant.                            
    Concealment (See Concealment)                                                                               
    Deadly or Dangerous................................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.     
    First-time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz.                                          
    Intent to commit violation.........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26   
                                                          Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.                    
    Knowledge:                                                                                                  
        Of Weapon Concealment (See also Knowledge)       89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                        
    Sanction (See ``Sanction'')                                                                                 
Witnesses:                                                                                                      
    Absense of,                                                                                                 
        Failure to subpoena............................  92-3 Park.                                             
    Expert testimony (see also Credibility):                                                                    
        Evaluation of..................................  93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air.                        
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Regulations (Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted)                               
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 (operate)..........................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.   
1.1 (person)...........................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
13.16..................................................  90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest     
                                                          Airlines; 90-38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18    
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92- 
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl.         
13.201.................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
13.202.................................................  90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.        
13.203.................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38       
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
13.204.................................................  .......................................................
13.205.................................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska     
                                                          Airlines; 92-32 Barnhill.                             
13.206.................................................  .......................................................
13.207.................................................  .......................................................
13.208.................................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety
                                                          Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 H.         
13.209.................................................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety 
                                                          Equipment; 94-8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant.                    
13.210.................................................  92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-
                                                          7 Dunn; 93-28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant.                     
13.211.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1 
                                                          Costello; 92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 
                                                          92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 92-74 Wendt;  
                                                          92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt; 94-5 Grant.       
13.212.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental        
                                                          Airlines.                                             
13.213.................................................  .......................................................
13.214.................................................  91-3 Lewis.                                            
13.215.................................................  93-28 Strohl.                                          
13.216.................................................  .......................................................
13.217.................................................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                    
13.218.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 
                                                          90-39 Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific  
                                                          Sky Supply; 94-6 Strohl.                              
13.219.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91- 
                                                          54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect.                   
13.220.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts      
                                                          Agricultural Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54      
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                
13.221.................................................  92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.             
13.222.................................................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
13.223.................................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida.          
13.224.................................................  90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72          
                                                          Giuffrida.                                            
13.225.................................................  .......................................................
13.226.................................................  .......................................................
13.227.................................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
13.228.................................................  92-3 Park.                                             
13.229.................................................  .......................................................
13.230.................................................  92-19 Cornwall.                                        
13.23..................................................  92-3 Park.                                             
13.232.................................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello 92-18    
                                                          Bargen; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl.                 
13.233.................................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner;  
                                                          89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 90-11        
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines;  
                                                          90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P.     
                                                          Adams; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2   
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-8   
                                                          Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11      
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26 
                                                          Britt Airways; 91-31 Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91- 
                                                          43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-46 Delta; 91-47      
                                                          Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53 Koller; 
                                                          92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-
                                                          15 Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall;
                                                          92-27 Wendt; 92-23 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay 
                                                          Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck;  
                                                          92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean    
                                                          Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 92-67
                                                          USAir, Inc.; 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74     
                                                          Wendt; 92-78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter;  
                                                          93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23
                                                          Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32
                                                          Nunez; 94-9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle.           
13.234.................................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90- 
                                                          38 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator].     
13.235.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental       
                                                          Airlines; 90-15 Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.     
Part 14................................................  92-74 & 93-2 Wendt.                                    
14.01..................................................  91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.                            
14.04..................................................  91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello.     
14.05..................................................  90-17 Wilson.                                          
14.20..................................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
14.22..................................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
14.26..................................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
21.303.................................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
25.855.................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
39.3...................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
43.3...................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
43.13..................................................  94-3 Valley Air.                                       
43.15..................................................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                        
43.9...................................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
43.13..................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
43.15..................................................  90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural         
                                                          Aviation.                                             
65.15..................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
65.92..................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90).............................  92-3 Park.                                             
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90).............................  90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8       
                                                          Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson & 
                                                          Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17 
                                                          Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney.       
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90).............................  91-8 Watts Agriculture Aviation; 92-10 Flight          
                                                          Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.            
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-29 Sweeney.                                         
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-29 Sweeney.                                         
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt;
                                                          92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.                 
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90)...........................  90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.          
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.             
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)..........................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
107.1..................................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4     
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
107.13.................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport      
                                                          Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport   
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport   
                                                          Operator].                                            
107.20.................................................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.                              
107.21.................................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23      
                                                          Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39     
                                                          Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 
                                                          Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson;
                                                          94-5 Grant.                                           
108.5..................................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 
                                                          91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55   
                                                          Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines.   
108.7..................................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                    
108.11.................................................  90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-
                                                          Sautter.                                              
108.13.................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest    
                                                          Airlines.                                             
121.133................................................  90-18 Continental Airlines.                            
121.153................................................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir.                                   
121.317................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
121.318................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
121.367................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
121.571................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
135.5..................................................  94-3 Valley Air.                                       
135.25.................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air.               
135.87.................................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
135.413................................................  94-3 Valley Air.                                       
135.421................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air.                      
135.437(b).............................................  94-3 Valley Air.                                       
145.53.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accesories.                          
145.57.................................................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                        
145.61.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
191....................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest    
                                                          Airlines.                                             
298.1..................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                
302.8..................................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
                                                                                                                
                         49 CFR                                                                                 
                                                                                                                
1.47...................................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                
171.2..................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
171.8..................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
172.101................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
172.200................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
172.202................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
172.204................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
172.304................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
172.400................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
172.406................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
173.1..................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
173.27.................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
173.115................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
173.240................................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
821.30.................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
821.33.................................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
                                                                                                                
                        Statutes                                                                                
                                                                                                                
5 U.S.C.:                                                                                                       
    504................................................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 &
                                                          93-9 Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney.                            
    552................................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10       
                                                          Costello.                                             
    554................................................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll.             
    556................................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.                  
    557................................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest       
                                                          Airlines.                                             
11 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    362................................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                             
28 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    2412...............................................  93-10 Costello.                                        
    2462...............................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
49 U.S.C. App.:                                                                                                 
    1301(31) (operate).................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
        (32)(person)...................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
    1356...............................................  90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.              
    1357...............................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41        
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
    1421...............................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir, 93-9 
                                                          Wendt.                                                
    1429...............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    1471...............................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90- 
                                                          18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 
                                                          & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
                                                          90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta       
                                                          Airlines; 9210 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;
                                                          92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment.   
    1475...............................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-
                                                          19 & 91-1 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis, 91-18     
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
    1486...............................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
    1809...............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
                                                                                                                

Digests

(Current as of March 31, 1994)

    The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are 
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the 
decision. The following compilation includes all final decisions and 
orders issued by the Administrator from January 1, 1994, to March 31, 
1994. The FAA will publish noncumulative supplements to these digests 
on a quarterly basis (i.e., January, April, July, and October of each 
year).
    These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be 
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as 
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other 
interested persons should always consult the full text of the 
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.

    In the Matter of Delta Air Lines, Inc., Order No. 94-1 (2/18/
94).

    Unauthorized Access. The law judge's finding that Respondent did 
not violate Section V.A.2 of the Air Carrier Standard Security Program 
is reversed.

    In the Matter of Mary Woodhouse, Order No. 94-2 (3/10/94).

    Duty of Hot Air Balloon Repairman. The law judge's finding that 
Respondent violated the Federal Aviation Regulations when she certified 
a hot air balloon as airworthy with unauthorized fuel manifolds is 
affirmed. Respondent should have questioned the owner, the 
manufacturer, or the FAA concerning the origin of the fuel manifolds 
when the aircraft manual, maintenance log, and type certificate data 
sheet contained no information on fuel manifolds. However, the law 
judge's finding that Respondent violated the regulations by certifying 
the balloon as airworthy with unauthorized fuel tanks is reversed 
because Complainant failed to establish the number of fuel tanks 
authorized by the balloon's type design.

    In the Matter of Valley Air Services, Inc., Order No. 94-3 (3/
10/94).

    Expert Testimony. The law judge erred to the extent he used a 
simple credibility test to evaluate the expert testimony in this case. 
Expert testimony is not evaluated on the basis of its credibility but 
on its logic, depth, and persuasiveness.
    Failure of Proof. Complainant failed to bear its burden of proving 
that Respondent violated the regulations when it welded the cracked 
spinners on its Piper Chieftain aircraft.

    In the Matter of Northwest Aircraft Rental Inc., Order No. 94-4 
(3/10/94).

    Impeachment of Witnesses. A written summary of the informal 
conference was admissible for the limited purpose of impeachment.
    Financial Hardship. Where Respondent did not raise the issue of 
financial hardship at the hearing, it failed to preserve the matter for 
consideration on appeal. Respondent did not show that the evidence of 
financial hardship that he sought to introduce on appeal was not 
available during the hearing.

    In the Matter of Merritt A. Grant, Order No. 94-5 (3/10/94).

    Failure to File Timely Answer. The law judge did not err in 
dismissing Respondent's request for hearing on the ground that 
Respondent failed to file a timely answer.
    Sanction. A $1,000 civil penalty is deemed appropriate under the 
new sanction policy where Respondent attempted to bring an unloaded 
firearm with accessible ammunition and two hunting knives on an 
aircraft.

    In the Matter of Raymond B. Strohl, Order No. 94-6 (3/10/94).

    Request for Hearing Construed to Cover Instant Case. Respondent's 
request for hearing, which technically covered only a separate civil 
penalty action, is construed as a timely request for hearing in the 
instant case as well. Respondent did not apparently understand that 
there were two civil penalty actions brought against him. His confusion 
was understandable, given that the notices and proposed notices of 
proposed civil penalty in the two cases were so strikingly similar. 
Complainant is granted 30 days from the date of service of this order 
to file a complaint.

    In the Matter of Eric Hereth, Order No. 94-7 (3/10/94).

    Untimely Complaint. Where the request for hearing and the final 
notice of proposed civil penalty were withdrawn, and a complaint was 
subsequently filed without the withdrawn documents being reissued, the 
complaint was not untimely filed. The withdrawn request for hearing and 
the final notice of proposed civil penalty were necessarily reactivated 
and refiled with the complaint, or the complaint would have been null.
    Jurisdictional Bar. An untimely complaint is not a jurisdictional 
bar to a civil penalty action. An untimely complaint may be excused 
upon a finding of good cause.

    In the Matter of Raul Nunez, Order No. 94-8 (3/10/94).

    Failure to File Answer. Respondent did not show good cause for his 
failure to file an answer to the complaint. The law judge's dismissal 
of Respondent's request for hearing is affirmed.

    In the Matter of B&G Instruments, Order No. 94-9 (3/29/94).

    Withdrawal of Appeal. Complainant withdrew its notice of appeal fom 
the initial decision. Complainant's appeal is dismissed.

    In the Matter of John G. Boyle, Order No. 94-10 (3/29/94).

    Withdrawal of Appeal. Complainant withdrew its notice of appeal fom 
the initial decision. Complainant's appeal is dismissed.

Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty 
Decisions and Orders

    In June 1991, as a public service, the FAA began releasing to 
commercial publishers the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil 
penalty cases. The goal was to make these decisions and orders more 
accessible to the public. The Administrator's decisions and orders in 
civil penalty cases are now available in the following commercial 
publications:

Avlex, published by Aviation Daily, 1156 15th Street, NW., Washington, 
DC 20005, (202) 822-4669; and
Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing 
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD 21106, (410) 798-1677, and
Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, 50 Broad Street 
East, Rochester, NY 14694, (716) 546-1490.

    The decisions and orders may be obtained on disk from Aviation 
Records, Inc., P.O. Box 172, Battle Ground, WA 98604, (206) 896-0376. 
Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main Street, Gruver, TX 
79040, (806) 733-2483, is placing the decisions of CD-ROM. Finally, the 
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases are 
available on the following computer databases: Compuserve; Fedix; and 
Genie.
    The FAA has stated previously that publication of the subject-
matter index and the digests may be discontinued once a commercial 
reporting service publishes similar information in a timely and 
accurate manner. No decision has been made yet on this matter, and for 
the time being, the FAA will continue to prepare and publish the 
subject-matter index and digests.

FAA Offices

    The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are 
available for public inspection and copying at the following location 
in FAA headquarters: FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation 
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., room 924A, Washington, DC 
20591; (202) 267-3641.
    These materials are also a available at all FAA regional and center 
legal offices at the following locations:

Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-
7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur, Oklahoma 
City, OK 73125; (405) 680-3296.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7), 
Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 99513; 
(907) 271-5269.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7), 
Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building, 
Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7), 
Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, Fitzgerald 
Federal Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-1035.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-
7), Great Lakes Region Headquarters, O'Hare Lake Office Center, 2300 
East Devon Avenue, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (708) 294-7108.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-
7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park, 
Burlington, MA 01803; (617) 273-7050.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region 
(ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 18000 Pacific Highway 
South, Seattle, WA 98188; (206) 227-2007.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7), 
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA 
30337; (404) 305-5200.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7), 
Southwest Region Headquarters, 4400 Blue Mound Road, Fort Worth, TX 
76193; (817) 624-5707.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7), 
Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City 
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08403; (609) 485-7087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region 
(AWP-7), Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation Boulevard, 
Hawthorne, CA 90261; (310) 297-1270.

    Issued in Washington, DC on April 18, 1994.
Daniel J. Peterson,
Special Counsel and Director of Civil Penalty Adjudications.
[FR Doc. 94-10296 Filed 4-28-94; 8:45 am]
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