[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 24 (Friday, February 4, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-2555]


[[Page Unknown]]

[Federal Register: February 4, 1994]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 

Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty 
Actions; Publication

agency: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

action: Notice of publication.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

summary: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of 
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty 
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, a subject-matter 
index, and case digests that contain identifying information about the 
final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator. These indexes 
and digests will increase the public's awareness of the Administrator's 
decisions and orders and will assist litigants and practitioners in 
their research and review of decisions and orders that may have 
precedential value in a particular civil penalty action. Publication of 
the index by order number, as supplemented by the subject matter index, 
ensures that the agency is in compliance with statutory indexing 
requirements.

for further information contact: Daniel J. Peterson, Special Counsel 
and Director of Civil Penalty Adjudications (AGC-700), Federal Aviation 
Administration, 701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., suite 925, Washington, DC 
20004: telephone (202) 376-6441.

supplementary information: The Administrative Procedure Act requires 
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection 
and copying current indexes containing identifying information 
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5 
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in 
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced 
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide 
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and 
the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty 
actions. 14 CFR part 13, subpart G. The FAA maintains an index of the 
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty actions organized 
by order number and containing identifying information about each 
decision or order. The FAA also maintains a subject-matter index, and 
digests organized by order number.
    In a notice issued on October 26, 1990, the FAA published these 
indexes and digests for all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 FR 45984; October 31, 
1990. The FAA announced in that notice that it would publish 
supplements to these indexes and digests on a quarterly basis (i.e., in 
January, April, July, and October of each year). The FAA announced 
further in that notice that only the subject-matter index would be 
published cumulatively, and that both the order number index and the 
digests would be non-cumulative.
    Since that first index was issued on October 26, 1990 (55 FR 45984; 
October 31, 1990), the FAA has issued supplementary notices containing 
the quarterly indexes of the Administrator's civil penalty decisions as 
follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Dates of quarter                Federal Register publication   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/1/90-12/31/90...................  56 FR 44886; 2/6/91                
1/1/91-3/31/91.....................  56 FR 20250; 5/2/91                
4/1/91-6/30/91.....................  56 FR 31984; 7/12/91               
7/1/91-9/30/91.....................  56 FR 51735; 10/15/91              
10/1/91-12/31/91...................  57 FR 2299; 1/21/92                
1/1/92-3/31/92.....................  57 FR 12359; 4/9/92                
4/1/92-6/30/92.....................  57 FR 32825; 7/23/92               
7/1/92-9/30/92.....................  57 FR 48255; 10/22/92              
10/1/92-12/31/92...................  58 FR 5044; 1/19/93                
1/1/93-3/31/93.....................  58 FR 21199; 4/19/93               
4/1/93-6/30/93.....................  58 FR 42120; 8/6/93                
7/1/93-9/30/93.....................  58 FR 58218; 10/29/93              
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the notice published on January 19, 1993, the Administrator 
announced that for the convenience of the users of these indexes, the 
order number index published at the end of the year would reflect all 
of the civil penalty decisions for that year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93. The 
order number indexes for the first, second, and third quarters would be 
non-cumulative.
    As noted at the beginning of the digests, the digests do not 
constitute legal authority, and should not be cited or relied upon as 
such. The digests are not intended to serve as a substitute for proper 
legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other interested persons should 
always consult the full text of the Administrator's decisions before 
citing them in any context.
    The Administrator's final decisions and orders, indexes, and 
digests are available for public inspection and copying at all FAA 
legal offices. (The addresses of the FAA legal offices are listed at 
the end of this notice.)
    In addition, the Administrator's decisions and orders have been 
published by commercial publishers and are available on computer 
databases. (Information about these commercial publications and 
computer databases is provided at the end of this notice.)

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued By the Administrator 

                           Order Number Index                           
       [This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the      
        Administrator from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1993.]       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Order No. and (service date)              Name and docket No.        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
93-1 (1/11/93).....................  Powell & Co., 88-23(HM).           
93-2 (1/13/93......................  Michael Edward Wendt, CP92GL0418;  
                                      92EAJAGL0008.                     
93-3 (1/15/93).....................  Michael Edward Wendt, CP92GL0418;  
                                      92EAJAGL0008.                     
93-4 (2/10/93).....................  Diane R. Harrah, CP91S00476.       
93-5 (2/9/93)......................  Michael Edward Wendt, CP92GL0418;  
                                      92EAJAGL0008.                     
93-6 (3/16/93).....................  Westair Commuter Airlines,         
                                      CP92NM0042.                       
93-7 (3/19/93).....................  James Vincent Dunn, CP92SW0399.    
93-8 (3/24/93).....................  Raul Nunez, CP92S00028.            
93-9 (3/25/93).....................  Michael Edward Wendt, CP92GL0418;  
                                      92EAJAGL0008.                     
93-10 (3/25/93)....................  Michael John Costello, CP89WP0351. 
93-11 (3/25/93)....................  Thoral Merkley, CP92GL0254.        
93-12 (3/25/93)....................  Carl P. Langton, CP92AL0417.       
93-13 (3/25/93)....................  Vincent J. Medel, CP92SO0180.      
93-14 (3/29/93)....................  Dan R. Fenske, CP92WP0370.         
93-15 (4/22/93)....................  Mark Brown, CP92WP0036.            
93-16 (4/30/93)....................  Million Air, CP92SO0376.           
93-17 (6/10/93)....................  Burton D. Metcalf, CP91NM0066.     
93-18 (6/10/93)....................  Westair Commuter, CP92NM0042.      
93-19 (6/10/93)....................  Pacific Sky Supply, CP91NM0319.    
93-20 (6/16/93)....................  Douglas V. Smith, CP92CE0492.      
93-21 (6/24/93)....................  Delta Air Lines, CP92SO0523.       
93-22 (6/25/93)....................  Katherine M. Yannotone, CP91CE0201.
93-23 (7/22/93)....................  Shane Thomas Allen, CP92WP0301.    
93-24 (7/22/93)....................  Steel City Aviation, CP92EA0308.   
93-25 (7/22/93)....................  Michael John Costello, CP89WP0351. 
93-26 (8/5/93).....................  Delta Air Lines, CP92SO0507,       
                                      CP92SO0522.                       
93-27 (8/9/93).....................  William B. Simmons, CP92NM0360.    
93-28 (10/20/93)...................  Raymond B. Strohl, CP93GL0046.     
93-29 (10/20/93)...................  Mark L. Sweeney, CP91NM0430.       
93-30 (10/20/93)...................  William S. Post, CP93AL0007;       
                                      EAJA050022.                       
93-31 (10/20/93)...................  Shane Thomas Allen, CP92WP0301.    
93-32 (10/20/93)...................  Raul Nunez, CP92SO0028.            
93-33 (11/18/93)...................  HPH Aviation, CP92NM0470.          
93-34 (11/23/93)...................  Castle Aviation, CP93GL0016.       
93-35 (11/23/93)...................  Steel City Aviation, CP92EA0308.   
93-36 (12/21/93)...................  Valley Air Services, CP91NE0332.   
93-37 (12/21/93)...................  Airspect, CP93GL0266.              
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

                          Subject Matter Index                          
                   [Current as of December 31, 1993]                    
Administrative Law Judges--Power                                        
 and Authority:                                                         
  Continuance of hearing...........  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29  
                                      Haggland.                         
  Credibility findings.............  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17    
                                      Metcalf.                          
  Default Judgment.................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47  
                                      Cornwall.                         
  Discovery........................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS  
                                      Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines;  
                                      92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10       
                                      Costello.                         
  Granting extensions of time......  90-27 Gabbert.                     
  Hearing location.................  92-50 Cullop.                      
  Hearing request..................  93-12 Langton.                     
  Initial Decision.................  92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.     
  Jurisdiction.....................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 
                                      Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.         
  Motion for Decision..............  92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76     
                                      Safety Equipment; 93-11 Merkley.  
  Notice of Hearing................  92-31 Eaddy.                       
  Sanction.........................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54    
                                      Alaska Airlines.                  
  Vacating initial decision........  90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill.  
Agency Attorney....................  93-13 Medel.                       
                                                                        
Air Carrier:                                                            
  Agent/independent contractor of..  92-70 USAir.                       
  Careless or Reckless.............  92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-18    
                                      Westair Commuter.                 
  Employee.........................  93-18 Westair Commuter.            
Aircraft Maintenance...............  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8
                                      Watts Agricultural Aviation; 93-36
                                      Valley Air.                       
  After certificate revocation.....  92-73 Wyatt.                       
                                                                        
Aircraft Records:                                                       
  Aircraft Operation...............  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.  
  Maintenance Records..............  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.  
  ``Yellow tags''..................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.  
                                                                        
Airmen:                                                                 
  Pilots...........................  9112 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8   
                                      Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp;
                                      93-17 Metcalf.                    
  Altitude deviation...............  92-49 Richardson & Shimp.          
  Careless or Reckless.............  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8  
                                      Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp;
                                      92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-
                                      29 Sweeney.                       
  Flight time limitations..........  93-11 Merkley.                     
  Follow ATC Instruction...........  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8  
                                      Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
  Low Flight.......................  92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.     
  See and Avoid....................  93-29 Sweeney.                     
                                                                        
Air Operations Area (AOA):                                              
  Air Carrier Responsibilities.....  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33  
                                      Delta Air Lines.                  
                                                                        
  Airport Operator Responsibilities  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4   
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport
                                      Operator]; 91-40 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-41 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-58 [Airport         
                                      Operator].                        
  Badge Display....................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33     
                                      Delta Air Lines.                  
  Definition of....................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4   
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport
                                      Operator].                        
  Exclusive Areas..................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4   
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport
                                      Operator].                        
                                                                        
Airport Security Program (ASP):      91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18     
 Compliance with.                     [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
                                      Operator]; 91-41 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-58 [Airport         
                                      Operator].                        
                                                                        
Airports: Airport Operator           90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4   
 Responsibilities.                    [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport
                                      Operator]; 91-40 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-41 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-58 [Airport         
                                      Operator].                        
                                                                        
Air Traffic Control (ATC):                                              
  Error as mitigating factor.......  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.       
  Error as exonerating factor......  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 
                                      Wendt.                            
  Ground Control...................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair 
                                      Commuter.                         
  Local Control....................  91-12 Terry & Menne.               
  Tapes & Transcripts..............  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49         
                                      Richardson & Shimp.               
                                                                        
Airworthiness......................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation;  
                                      92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48     
                                      USAir; 92-70 USAir.               
                                                                        
Amicus Curiae Briefs...............  90-25 Gabbert.                     
                                                                        
Answer: What constitutes...........  92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck.        
                                                                        
Appeals (See also Timeliness;                                           
 Mailing Rule):                                                         
  Briefs, Generally................  89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17       
                                      Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39  
                                      Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation;  
                                      93-28 Strohl.                     
  Additional Appeal Brief..........  92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair
                                      Commuter; 93-28 Strohl.           
  Appellate arguments..............  92-70 USAir.                       
                                                                        
Court of Appeals, appeal to (See                                        
 Federal Courts):                                                       
  ``Good Cause'' for Late-Filed      90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39    
   Brief or Notice of Appeal.         Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-24 Esau; 91-
                                      48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello;  
                                      92-3 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 
                                      Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre         
                                      Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57     
                                      Detroit Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 
                                      92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27  
                                      Simmons; 93-31 Allen.             
  Appeal dismissed as moot after     92-9 Griffin.                      
   complaint withdrawn.                                                 
  Motion to Vacate construed as a    91-11 Continental Airlines.        
   brief.                                                               
  Perfecting an Appeal.............  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-
                                      39 Beck.                          
    Extension of Time for (good      89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26
     cause for).                      Britt Airways; 91-32 Bargen; 91-26
                                      Britt Airways; 91-50 Costello; 93-
                                      2 Wendt; 93-3 Wendt; 93-24 Steel  
                                      City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez.       
    Failure to.....................  89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 
                                      Thunderbird Accessories; 90-35 P. 
                                      Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 91-
                                      10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43    
                                      Delta Air Lines; 91-44 Delta Air  
                                      Lines; 91-46 Delta Air Lines; 91- 
                                      47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 
                                      92-15 Dillman; 92-18 Bargen; 92-34
                                      Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 
                                      92-36 Southwest Airlines Co.; 92- 
                                      45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk         
                                      Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-
                                      68 Weintraub; 92-78 TWA; 93-7     
                                      Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-
                                      23 Allen; 93-31 Allen; 93-34      
                                      Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City 
                                      Aviation.                         
What Constitutes...................  89-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45    
                                      Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 Giuffrida; 
                                      92-39 Beck; 93-7 Dunn.            
  Service of brief-- Failure to      92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.   
   serve other party.                                                   
  Timeliness of Notice of Appeal...  90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50       
                                      Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69 McCabe;
                                      93-27 Simmons.                    
  Withdrawal of....................  89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko;  
                                      90-4 Nordrum; 90-5 Sussman; 90-6  
                                      Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8      
                                      Jenkins; 90-9 Van Zandt; 90-13    
                                      O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo;
                                      90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger;
                                      90-34 D. Adams; 90-40 & 90-41,    
                                      Westair Commuter Airlines; 90-1   
                                      Nestor; 91-5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery;  
                                      91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton; 91- 
                                      15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19      
                                      Bayer; 91-21 Britt Airways; 91-22 
                                      Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23         
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-25       
                                      Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-
                                      28 Continental Airlines; 91-29    
                                      Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35 M.     
                                      Graham; 91-36 Howard; 91-37       
                                      Vereen; 91-39 America West; 91-42 
                                      Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56
                                      Mayhan; 91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59
                                      Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-2      
                                      Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6
                                      Rothgeb; 92-12 Bertetto; 92-20    
                                      Delta Air Lines; 92-21 Cronberg;  
                                      92-22 Delta Air Lines; 92-23 Delta
                                      Air Lines; 92-24 Delta Air Lines; 
                                      92-25 Delta Air Lines; 92-26 Delta
                                      Air Lines; 92-28 Delta Air Lines; 
                                      92-33 Port of Authority of NY &   
                                      NJ; 92-42 Jayson; 92-43 Delta; 92-
                                      44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92-54     
                                      Northwest Airlines; 92-55         
                                      Northwest Airlines; 92-60         
                                      Costello; 92-61 Romerdahl; 92-62  
                                      USAir; 92-63 Schaefer; 92-64 Delta
                                      Air Lines; 92-65 Delta Air Lines; 
                                      92-66 Sabre Associates & Moore; 92-
                                      79 Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & 
                                      Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 93-14 Fenske; 93-
                                      15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines;  
                                      93-22 Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air  
                                      Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation.        
                                                                        
``Attempt''........................  89-5 Schultz.                      
                                                                        
Attorney Fees (See EAJA)                                                
                                                                        
Aviation Safety Reporting System...  90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-
                                      49 Richardson & Shimp.            
Bankruptcy.........................  91-2 Continental Airlines.         
                                                                        
Certificates and Authorizations:     92-73 Wyatt.                       
 Surrender when revoked.                                                
Civil Air Security National Airport  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18     
 Inspection Program (CASNAIP).        [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
                                      Operator]; 91-41 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-58 [Airport         
                                      Operator].                        
                                                                        
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction)                                     
                                                                        
Closing Argument (See Final Oral                                        
 Argument)                                                              
                                                                        
Collateral Estoppel................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.  
                                                                        
Complaint:                                                              
  Complainant Bound By.............  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.          
  Failure to File Timely Answer to.  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32    
                                      Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75   
                                      Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment.     
  Timeliness of....................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel.        
Compliance & Enforcement Program     89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American        
 (FAA Order No. 2150.3A).             Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5 Delta  
                                      Air Lines.                        
  Sanction Guidance Table..........  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 
                                      Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-
                                      3 Lewis; 95-5 Delta Air Lines.    
Concealment of Weapons.............  89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;
                                      92-51 Koblick.                    
Consolidation of Cases.............  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines.             
Continuance of Hearing.............  90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.     
                                                                        
Corrective Action (See Sanction)                                        
                                                                        
Credibility of Witnesses:                                               
  Deference to ALJ.................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17    
                                      Metcalf.                          
  Expert witnesses.................  90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf.      
De facto answer....................  92-32 Barnhill.                    
Deliberative Process Privilege.....  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12      
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-18       
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines.             
Deterrence.........................  89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight         
                                      Unlimited.                        
                                                                        
Discovery:                                                              
  Deliberative Process Privilege...  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12      
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-18       
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines.             
  Depositions......................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.             
  Notice of........................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.             
  Failure to Produce...............  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines, 91-17 KDS   
                                      Aviation; 93-10 Costello.         
  Sanctions for....................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska   
                                      Airlines.                         
  Of Investigative File in           92-46 Sutton-Sautter.              
   Unrelated Case.                                                      
Due Process:                                                            
  Before finding a violation.......  90-27 Gabbert.                     
  Violation of.....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12      
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-37       
                                      Northwest Airlines.               
                                                                        
EAJA:                                                                   
  Adversary Adjudication...........  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS    
                                      Aviation.                         
  Further proceedings..............  91-52 KDS Aviation.                
  Jurisdiction over appeal.........  92-74 Wendt.                       
  Other expenses...................  93-29 Sweeney.                     
  Prevailing party.................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                
  Substantial Justification........  91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9   
                                      Wendt.                            
Ex Parte Communications............  93-10 Costello.                    
                                                                        
Extension of time:                                                      
  By agreement of Parties..........  89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore
                                      & Sabre Associates.               
  Dismissal by Decision-maker......  89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.          
  Good Cause for...................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.      
  Objection to.....................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 
                                      Wendt.                            
  Who may grant....................  90-27 Gabbert.                     
                                                                        
Federal Courts.....................  92-7 West.                         
                                                                        
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure...  91-17 KDS Aviation.                
Final Oral Argument................  92-3 Park.                         
                                                                        
Firearms (See Weapons)                                                  
                                                                        
Freedom of Information Act.........  93-10 Costello.                    
                                                                        
Guns (See Weapons)                                                      
                                                                        
Hazardous Materials Transp. Act....  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76    
                                      Safety Equipment; 92-77 TCI.      
  Civil Penalty....................  92-77 TCI.                         
  Corrective Action................  92-77 TCI.                         
  Culpability......................  92-77 TCI.                         
  First-time violation.............  92-77 TCI.                         
  Gravity of the violation.........  92-77 TCI.                         
  Criminal Penalty.................  92-77 TCI.                         
  Knowingly........................  92-77 TCI.                         
                                                                        
Initial Decision: What constitutes.  92-32 Barnhill.                    
                                                                        
Interference with crewmembers......  92-3 Park.                         
                                                                        
Interlocutory Appeal...............  89-6 American Airlines; 91-54      
                                      Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect.  
                                                                        
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12      
                                      Continental Airlines; 92-73 Wyatt.
                                                                        
Jurisdiction:                                                           
  After initial decision...........  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32
                                      Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl.           
  $50,000 Limit....................  90-12 Continental Airlines.        
  EAJA cases.......................  92-74 Wendt.                       
  HazMat cases.....................  92-76 Safety Equipment.            
  NTSB.............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.     
                                                                        
Knowledge (See also Weapons          89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.    
 Violations): Of concealed weapon.                                      
                                                                        
Laches (See Unreasonable Delay)                                         
                                                                        
Mailing Rule.......................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11     
                                      Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39    
                                      Hart.                             
  Overnight express delivery.......  89-6 American Airlines.            
                                                                        
Maintenance (See Aircraft                                               
 Maintenance)                                                           
                                                                        
Maintenance Instruction............  93-36 Valley Air.                  
                                                                        
Maintenance Manual.................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.     
                                                                        
Mootness: Appeal dismissed as moot   92-9 Griffin.                      
 after Complaint Withdrawn.                                             
                                                                        
National Aviation Safety Inspection  90-16 Rocky Mountain.              
 Program (NASIP).                                                       
                                                                        
National Transportation Safety                                          
 Board:                                                                 
  Administrator not bound by NTSB    91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49         
   case law.                          Richardson & Shimp; 93-18 Westair 
                                      Commuter.                         
  Lack of Jurisdiction.............  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90- 
                                      17 Wilson; 92-74 Wendt.           
                                                                        
Notice of Hearing: Receipt.........  92-31 Eaddy.                       
                                                                        
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:                                       
  Initiates Action.................  91-9 Continental Airlines.         
  Signature of agency attorney.....  93-12 Langton.                     
  Withdrawal of....................  90-17 Wilson.                      
                                                                        
Operate............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 
                                      Westair Commuter.                 
                                                                        
Oral Argument:                                                          
  Decision to hold.................  92-16 Wendt.                       
  Instructions for.................  92-27 Wendt.                       
                                                                        
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:                                          
  Appeal from......................  92-1 Costello.                     
  Withdrawal of....................  89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-
                                      22 USAir.                         
                                                                        
Parts Manufacturer Approval:         93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.          
 Failure to obtain.                                                     
                                                                        
Passenger Misconduct...............  92-3 Park.                         
  Smoking..........................  92-37 Giuffrida.                   
                                                                        
Penalty (See Sanction)                                                  
Person.............................  93-18 Westair Commuter.            
                                                                        
Proof & Evidence:                                                       
  Affirmative Defense..............  92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72       
                                      Giuffrida.                        
  Burden of Proof..................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 
                                      91-30 Trujillo; 92-13 Delta Air   
                                      Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29     
                                      Sweeney.                          
  Circumstantial Evidence..........  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-9        
                                      Continental Airlines; 93-29       
                                      Sweeney.                          
  Credibility (See Administrative                                       
   Law Judges; Credibility of                                           
   Witnesses)                                                           
  Criminal standard rejected.......  91-12 Terry & Menne.               
  Hearsay..........................  92-72 Giuffrida.                   
  Preponderance of evidence........  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90- 
                                      12 Continental Airlines; 91-12 &  
                                      91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72        
                                      Giuffrida.                        
  Presumption that message on ATC    91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49         
   tape is received as transmitted.   Richardson & Shimp.               
  Presumption that a gun is deadly   90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.     
   or dangerous.                                                        
  Substantial evidence.............  92-72 Giuffrida.                   
                                                                        
Pro Se Parties: Special              90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3
 Considerations.                      Metz.                             
                                                                        
Prosecutorial Discretion...........  89-6 American Airlines; 90-23      
                                      Broyles; 90-38 Continental        
                                      Airlines; 91-41 [Airport          
                                      Operator]; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;  
                                      92-73 Wyatt.                      
                                                                        
Reconsideration:                                                        
  Denied by ALJ....................  89-4 & 90-3 Metz.                  
  Granted by ALJ...................  92-32 Barnhill.                    
  Stay of Order Pending............  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental   
                                      Airlines.                         
                                                                        
Remand.............................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky
                                      Mountain; 90-24 Bayer; 91-51      
                                      Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-
                                      1 Costello; 92-76 Safety          
                                      Equipment.                        
                                                                        
Repair Station.....................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92- 
                                      10 Flight Unlimited.              
                                                                        
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13,                                      
 Subpart G):                                                            
  Applicability of.................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS   
                                      Aviation.                         
  Challenges to....................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-21       
                                      Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
  Effect of Changes in.............  90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38  
                                      Continental Airlines.             
  Initiation of Action.............  91-9 Continental Airlines.         
                                                                        
Runway incursions..................  92--40 Wendt, 93-18 Westair        
                                      Commuter.                         
                                                                        
Sanctions:                                                              
  Ability to Pay...................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3     
                                      Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10 Flight   
                                      Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 &
                                      92-72 Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg;  
                                      92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51       
                                      Koblick; 93-10 Costello.          
  Agency policy:                                                        
    ALJ Bound by...................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46    
                                      Sutton-Sautter.                   
    Statements of (e.g., FAA Order   90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23  
     2150.3A, Sanction Guidance       Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37        
     Table, memoranda pertaining      Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton- 
     to).                             Sautter.                          
  Corrective Action................  91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40    
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport
                                      Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines;  
                                      93-18 Westair Commuter.           
  Discovery (See Discovery)                                             
  Factors to consider..............  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 
                                      Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-
                                      18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40      
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport
                                      Operator]; 92-10 Flight Unlimited;
                                      92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51       
                                      Koblick.                          
  First-Time Offenders.............  89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines;
                                      92-51 Koblick.                    
  HazMat (See Hazardous Materials                                       
   Transp. Act)                                                         
  Inexperience.....................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.            
  Maximum..........................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.          
  Modified.........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird    
                                      Accessories; 91-38 Esau; 92-10    
                                      Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air 
                                      Lines; 92-32 Barnhill.            
  Pilot Deviation..................  92-8 Watkins.                      
  Test object detection............  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines.             
  Unauthorized access..............  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37  
                                      Northwest Airlines.               
  Weapons violations...............  90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3    
                                      Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-32 Barnhill;
                                      92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51       
                                      Koblick.                          
                                                                        
Screening of Persons Entering        90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.          
 Sterile Areas.                                                         
                                                                        
Separation of Functions............  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-21       
                                      Carroll; 90-38 Continental        
                                      Airlines; 93-13 Medel.            
                                                                        
Service (See also Mailing Rule):                                        
  Of NPCP..........................  90-22 USAir.                       
  Of FNPCP.........................  93-13 Medel.                       
  Valid Service....................  92-18 Bargen.                      
Settlement.........................  91-50 & 92-1 Costello.             
                                                                        
Smoking............................  92-37 Giuffrida.                   
                                                                        
Standard Security Program (SSP)      90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
 Compliance with.                     Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta 
                                      Air Lines; 91-55 Continental      
                                      Airlines; 92-13 Delta Air Lines.  
                                                                        
Stay of Orders.....................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental   
                                      Airlines.                         
                                                                        
Strict Liability...................  89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 
                                      [Airport Operators]; 91-40        
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport
                                      Operator].                        
                                                                        
Test Object Detection..............  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-9        
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-55       
                                      Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta 
                                      Air Lines.                        
  Proof of violation...............  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-9        
                                      Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta 
                                      Air Lines.                        
  Sanction.........................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines.             
                                                                        
Timeliness (See also: Complaint;                                        
 Mailing rule; and Appeals):                                            
  Of response to NPCP..............  90-22 USAir.                       
  Of complaint.....................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel.        
  Of NPCP..........................  92-72 Wyatt.                       
  Of request for hearing...........  93-12 Langton.                     
                                                                        
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts     93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.          
 Manufacturer Approval.                                                 
                                                                        
Unauthorized Access:                                                    
  To Aircraft......................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines.             
  To Air Operations Area (AOA).....  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18    
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
                                      Operator]; 91-58 [Airport         
                                      Operator].                        
                                                                        
Unreasonable Delay: In Initiating    90-21 Carroll.                     
 Action.                                                                
                                                                        
Visual Cues Indicating Runway,       92-40 Wendt.                       
 Adequacy of.                                                           
                                                                        
Weapons Violations.................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20    
                                      Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33  
                                      Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 
                                      Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau;
                                      91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92- 
                                      46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 
                                      92-59 Petek-Jackson.              
  Concealment (See Concealment)                                         
  Deadly or Dangerous..............  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30       
                                      Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.             
  First-time Offenders.............  89-5 Schultz                       
  Intent to commit violation.......  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-
                                      23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3   
                                      Lewis; 91-53 Koller.              
  Knowledge Of Weapon Concealment    89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.    
   (See also Knowledge).                                                
  Sanction (See ``Sanction'')                                           
                                                                        
Witnesses: Absence of, Failure to    92-3 Park.                         
 subpoena.                                                              
REGULATIONS (Title 14 CFR, unless                                       
 otherwise noted:                                                       
  1.1 (operate.....................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 
                                      Westair Commuter.                 
  1.1 (person).....................  93-18 Westair Commuter.            
  13.16............................  90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 
                                      90-37 Northwest Airlines; 90-38   
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-9        
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-18       
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood;
                                      92-1 Costello; ; 92-46 Sutton-    
                                      Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28       
                                      Strohl.                           
  13.201...........................  90-12 Continental Airlines.        
  13.202...........................  90-6 American Airlines; 92-76      
                                      Safety Equipment.                 
  13.203...........................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21  
                                      Carroll; 90-38 Continental        
                                      Airlines.                         
  13.204...........................                                     
  13.205...........................  90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS        
                                      Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines;  
                                      92-32 Barnhill.                   
  13.206...........................                                     
  13.207...........................                                     
  13.208...........................  90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73
                                      Wyatt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-
                                      13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl.           
  13.209...........................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18    
                                      [Airport Operator]; 92-32         
                                      Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75   
                                      Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment.     
  13.210...........................  92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76  
                                      Safety Equipment; 93-7 Dunn; 93-28
                                      Strohl.                           
  13.211...........................  89-6 American Airlines; 89-7       
                                      Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11         
                                      Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39    
                                      Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1 Costello;  
                                      92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 
                                      Cornwall; 92-57 Detroit Metro.    
                                      Wayne Co. Airport; 92-74 Wendt; 92-
                                      76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt.  
  13.212...........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2
                                      Continental Airlines.             
  13.213...........................  ...................................
  13.214...........................  91-3 Lewis.                        
  13.215...........................  93-28 Strohl.                      
  13.216...........................  ...................................
  13.217...........................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                
  13.218...........................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-11      
                                      Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39    
                                      Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt;  
                                      93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.         
  13.219...........................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-2       
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-54 Alaska
                                      Airlines; 93-37 Airspect.         
  13.220...........................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-20      
                                      Carroll; 91-8 Watts Agricultural  
                                      Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91- 
                                      54 Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton- 
                                      Sautter.                          
  13.221...........................  92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 
                                      Cullop;                           
  13.222...........................  92-72 Giuffrida.                   
  13.223...........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 
                                      Giuffrida.                        
  13.224...........................  90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport       
                                      Operator]; 92-72 Giuffrida.       
  13.225...........................  ...................................
  13.226...........................  ...................................
  13.227...........................  90-21 Carroll.                     
  13.228...........................  92-3 Park.                         
  13.229...........................  ...................................
  13.230...........................  92-19 Cornwall.                    
  13.231...........................  92-3 Park.                         
  13.232...........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-
                                      1 Costello; 92-18 Bargen; 92-32   
                                      Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl.           
  13.233...........................  89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5     
                                      Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner; 89-8       
                                      Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3     
                                      Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird           
                                      Accessories; 90-19 Continental    
                                      Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25 
                                      & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P. Adams;  
                                      90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-39 
                                      Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines;  
                                      91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-8     
                                      Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10
                                      Graham; 91-11 Continental         
                                      Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24     
                                      Esau; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-31  
                                      Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91-43
                                      Delta; 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-
                                      46 Delta; 91-47 Delta; 91-48      
                                      Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53  
                                      Koller; 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 
                                      92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15    
                                      Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18       
                                      Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-27     
                                      Wendt; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-34      
                                      Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 
                                      92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-39   
                                      Beck; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck;  
                                      92-56 Montauk Caribbean Airways;  
                                      92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co.    
                                      Airport; 92-67 USAir, Inc.; 92-69 
                                      McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74    
                                      Wendt; 92-78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6
                                      Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 
                                      Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply;  
                                      93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-28 
                                      Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez. 
  13.234...........................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31  
                                      Carroll; 90-32 Continental        
                                      Airlines; 90-38 Continental       
                                      Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator].
  13.235...........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90- 
                                      12 Continental Airlines; 90-15    
                                      Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West. 
  Part 14..........................  92-74 Wendt; 93-2 Wendt.           
  14.01............................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 92-71 KDS      
                                      Aviation.                         
  14.04............................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-52 KDS      
                                      Aviation; 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93- 
                                      10 Costello.                      
  14.05............................  90-17 Wilson.                      
  14.20............................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                
  14.22............................  93-29 Sweeney.                     
  14.26............................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                
  21.303...........................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.          
  25.855...........................  92-37 Giuffrida.                   
  39.3.............................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.            
  43.3.............................  92-73 Wyatt.                       
  43.9.............................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.  
  43.13............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.     
  43.15............................  90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts  
                                      Agricultural Aviation.            
  65.15............................  92-73 Wyatt.                       
  65.92............................  92-73 Wyatt.                       
  91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90).......  92-3 Park.                         
  91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90).......  90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry 
                                      & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40      
                                      Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49         
                                      Richardson & Shimp; 92-47         
                                      Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt;
                                      93-17 Metcalf; 93-18 Westair      
                                      Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney.          
  91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90).......  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation;  
                                      92-10 Flight Unlimited.           
  91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90).....  91-29 Sweeney.                     
  91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90).....  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8  
                                      Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-49       
                                      Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.   
  91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90).....  90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93- 
                                      17 Metcalf.                       
  91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90).....  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8  
                                      Watkins.                          
  91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)....  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.  
  107.1............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20  
                                      Degenhardt; 91-4 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-58 [Airport         
                                      Operator].                        
  107.13...........................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-4        
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport
                                      Operator]; 91-40 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-41 [Airport         
                                      Operator]; 91-58 [Airport         
                                      Operator].                        
  107.20...........................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.          
  107.21...........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22    
                                      Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 &
                                      90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39  
                                      Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-
                                      30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53    
                                      Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38     
                                      Cronberg; 92-46 Suttoon-Sautter;  
                                      92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-       
                                      Jackson.                          
  108.5............................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-2        
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-9        
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta 
                                      Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines;  
                                      91-55 Continental Airlines; 91-13 
                                      Delta Air Lines.                  
  108.7............................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines.             
  108.11...........................  90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 
                                      Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.      
  108.13...........................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-37       
                                      Northwest Airlines.               
  121.133..........................  90-18 Continental Airlines.        
  121.153..........................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir.               
  121.317..........................  92-37 Giuffrida.                   
  121.318..........................  92-37 Giuffrida.                   
  121.367..........................  90-12 Continental Airlines.        
  121.571..........................  92-37 Giuffrida.                   
  135.25...........................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.            
  135.87...........................  90-21 Carroll.                     
  135.421..........................  93-36 Valley Air.                  
  145.53...........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.     
  145.61...........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.     
  191..............................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-37       
                                      Northwest Airlines.               
  298.1............................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.            
  302.8............................  90-22 USAir.                       
                                                                        
49 CFR:                                                                 
  1.47.............................  92-76 Safety Equipment.            
  171.2............................  92-77 TCI.                         
  171.8............................  92-77 TCI.                         
  172.101..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  172.200..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  172.202..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  172.204..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  172.304..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  172.400..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  172.406..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  173.1............................  92-77 TCI.                         
  173.27...........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  173.115..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  173.240..........................  92-77 TCI.                         
  821.30...........................  92-73 Wyatt.                       
  821.33...........................  90-21 Carroll.                     
                                                                        
STATUTES                                                                
                                                                        
5 U.S.C.:                                                               
  504..............................  90-17; Wilson; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 
                                      92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74 Wendt;  
                                      93-2 Wendt; 93-9 Wendt; 93-29     
                                      Sweeney.                          
  552..............................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18  
                                      Continental Airlines; 90-19       
                                      Continental Airlines; 93-10       
                                      Costello.                         
  554..............................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21  
                                      Carroll.                          
  556..............................  90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska        
                                      Airlines.                         
  557..............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-
                                      37 Northwest Airlines.            
                                                                        
11 U.S.C.:.........................                                     
  362..............................  91-2 Continental Airlines.         
                                                                        
28 U.S.C.:                                                              
  2412.............................  93-10 Costello.                    
  2462.............................  90-21 Carroll.                     
                                                                        
49 U.S.C. App.:                                                         
  1301(31) (operate)...............  93-18 Westair Commuter.            
      (32) (person)................  93-18 Westair Commuter.            
  1356.............................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90,19  
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-2        
                                      Continental Airlines.             
  1357.............................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19  
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-2        
                                      Continental Airlines; 91-41       
                                      [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport
                                      Operator].                        
  1421.............................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48      
                                      USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt.   
  1429.............................  92-73 Wyatt.                       
  1471.............................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20    
                                      Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental     
                                      Airlines; 90-18 Continental       
                                      Airlines; 90-19 Continental       
                                      Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 and
                                      90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-37  
                                      Northwest Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-
                                      2 Continental Airlines; 91-3      
                                      Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator];  
                                      91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta Air      
                                      Lines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-
                                      46 Sutton-Satter; 92-51 Koblick;  
                                      92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety         
                                      Equipment.                        
  1475.............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental
                                      Airlines; 90-18 Continental       
                                      Airlines; 90-19 Continental       
                                      Airlines; 91-2 Continental        
                                      Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18       
                                      [Airport Operator].               
  1486.............................  90-21 Carroll.                     
  1809.............................  92-77 TCI.                         

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Digests

(Current as of December 31, 1993)

    The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are 
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the 
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final 
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from October 1, 1993, 
to December 31, 1993. The FAA will publish noncumulative supplements to 
this compilation on a quarterly basis (e.g. April, July, October, and 
January of each year).
    These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be 
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as 
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other 
interested persons should always consult the full text of the 
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.

In the Matter of Raymond B. Strohl

Order No. 93-28 (10/20/93)
    Further Briefing Ordered. The parties are directed to provide a 
full procedural history of the case and to brief the following issues: 
(1) Whether the Administrator has jurisdiction; (2) whether the law 
judge has jurisdiction; (3) whether the order assessing civil penalty 
issued by Complainant is valid given that Respondent filed a timely 
request for hearing; and (4) whether the terms of any settlement 
agreement entered into by the parties eliminate the need for further 
proceedings. The parties have 30 days to file their additional briefs.

In the Matter of Mark Sweeney

Order No. 93-29 (10/20/93)
    Failure to See and Avoid. The Administrator affirmed the law 
judge's decision finding that Respondent, the pilot of a float-equipped 
Cessna 206, failed to maintain vigilance so as to see and avoid another 
aircraft when he struck the other aircraft from the rear. Both 
aircrafts were on sightseeing tours for the same operator. Respondent 
knew that the other aircraft was directly ahead of his and that both 
aircraft were heading for the same destination. No weather or 
mechanical problems existed. Respondent should have changed his 
position in his seat or maneuvered his aircraft to see around any 
obstruction blocking his line of vision. Respondent created a collision 
hazard by operating so close to the other aircraft. He operated his 
aircraft in a careless or reckless manner.
    Circumstantial Evidence. Complainant could use circumstantial 
evidence to sustain its burden of proof.

In the Matter of William S. Post

Order No. 93-90 (10/20/93)
    Applicant's Personal Expenses Under the EAJA. The Administrator 
held that the applicant's own expenses incurred to attend the hearing 
in his case were not recoverable under the Equal Access to Justice Act 
(EAJA). Nothing in Sec. 14.05 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, 
which discusses allowable attorney fees and expenses, would lead one to 
conclude that an applicant's personal expenses may be recovered. The 
expenses recoverable under the EAJA are those incurred by an 
``attorney, agent, or expert witness representing or appearing on 
behalf of the party.''

In the Matter of Shane Thomas Allen

Order No. 93-31 (10/20/93)
    Reconsideration Denied. The Administrator denied Respondent's 
petition for reconsideration of FAA Order No. 93-23 (July 22, 1993). 
Respondent failed to show that good cause existed to excuse his 
untimely appeal brief. The Administrator affirmed his prior dismissal 
of Respondent's appeal.

In the Matter of Raul Nunez

Order No. 93-32 (10/20/93)
    Reconsideration Granted. The Administrator granted Respondent's 
petition for reconsideration of FAA Order No. 93-92 (March 24, 1993). 
The Administrator had dismissed Respondent's appeal for failure to file 
an appeal brief. Upon reexamination, the Administrator found that 
Respondent's notice of appeal contained sufficient information to 
comply with the requirements for an appeal brief. Respondent's notice 
of appeal was construed as an appeal brief. Respondent's notice of 
appeal was construed as an appeal brief. Respondent's appeal was 
reinstated. Complainant was given 35 days to file a reply brief.

In the Matter of HPH Aviation

Order No. 93-33 (11/18/93)
    Withdrawal of Appeal. Respondent withdrew its notice of appeal. 
Respondent's appeal is dismissed.

In the Matter of Castle Aviation

Order No. 93-34 (11/23/93)
    Dismissal of Appeal. Respondent failed to perfect its appeal by 
filing an appeal brief as required by 14 CFR 13.233(c). Respondent's 
appeal is dismissed.

In the Matter of Steel City Aviation

Order No. 93-35 (11/23/93)
    Dismissal of Appeal. Respondent failed to perfect its appeal by 
filing an appeal brief as required by 14 CFR 13.233(c). Respondent's 
appeal is dismissed.

In the Matter of Valley Air Services, Inc.

Order No. 93-36 (12/21/93)
    Allegation of Operating Without Timely Overhaul of Governors. The 
complaint alleged that Valley Air operated its aircraft when the 
propeller governors had not been overhauled as required. Respondent's 
defense was that it had obtained a letter from the manufacturer 
extending the time between overhaul, and that this letter was a valid 
``maintenance instruction'' within the meaning of 14 CFR 135.421(b).
    ``Maintenance Instruction'' Defined. Maintenance instructions are 
general instructions that manufacturers are required to furnish to all 
operators, and that operators in turn are required to obey. Maintenance 
instructions do not include either ``instructions'' issued to 
particular operators, or optional ``instructions.''
    Manfuacturer's Letter of Extension Was Not A Maintenance 
Instruction. Contrary to the law judge's holding, the manufacturer's 
extension of time for overhaul of the propeller governors was not a 
``maintenance instruction'' within the meaning of Section 135.421. 
Woodward's extension of the time between overhaul was issued to 
Respondent alone--not to all operators. Also, the effect of the letter 
was to relieve Respondent of the requirement to overhaul the governors 
at 1,800 hours.
    Extension Was Not Retroactive. Even if the extension letter were 
found to be a maintenance instruction, Respondent had already flown the 
aircraft 103.5 hours past the 1,800-hour limit when the inspector 
discovered the problem. Thus, the rules had already been violated when 
Respondent sought and obtained the extension letter from Woodward. 
Although Woodward may have intended its purported extension to be 
retroactive, it simply did not have the power to exonerate Respondent 
from a pre-existing violation of the rules.
    Sanction. In light of all the circumstances of this case, including 
the uncontroverted evidence in the record that Respondent had already 
flown its aircraft 103.5 hours past the 1,800-hour limit before the 
manufacturer was even contacted, a sanction of $4,000 is appropriate.

In the Matter of Airspect, Inc.

Order No. 93-37 (12/21/93)
    Interlocutory Appeal of Right Dismissed. Complainant's 
interlocutory appeal of the law judge's decision to accept Respondent's 
late-filed answer did not meet the requirements for an interlocutory 
appeal of right pursuant to 14 CFR 13.219(c). The law judge's decision 
did not violate 14 CFR 13.205(b) which provides a basis for an 
interlocutory appeals of right when a law judge exceeds his powers. The 
Administrator dismissed Complainant's interlocutory appeal of right, 
and remanded the case of the law judge for further proceedings.

Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty 
Decisions and Orders

    In June, 1991, as a public service, the FAA began releasing to 
commercial publishers the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil 
penalty cases. The goal was to make these decisions and orders more 
accessible to the public. The Administrator's decisions and orders in 
civil penalty cases are now available in the following commercial 
publications.
    Avlex, published by Aviation Daily, 1156 15th Street, NW., 
Washington, DC 20005, (202) 822-4669; and
    Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing 
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, (301) 798-1098.
    Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, 50 Broad 
Street East, Rochester, NY 14694, (716) 546-1490.
    The Decisions and orders may be obtained on disk from Aviation 
Records, Inc., P.O. Box 172, Battle Ground, WA 98604, (206) 896-0376. 
Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main Street, Gruver, TX 
79040 (806) 733-2483, is placing the decisions on CD-ROM. Finally, the 
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases are 
available on the following computer databases: Compuserve; Fedix; and 
Genie.
    The FAA has stated previously that publication of the subject-
matter index and the digests may be discontinued once a commercial 
reporting service publishes similar information in a timely and 
accurate manner. No decision has been made yet on this matter, and for 
the time being, the FAA will continue to prepare and publish the 
subject-matter index and digests.

FAA Offices

    The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are 
available for public inspection and copying at the following location 
in FAA headquarters:
    FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 
Independence Avenue, SW., Room 924A, Washington, DC 20591; (202) 267-
3641.
    These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center 
legal offices at the following locations:

Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center 
(AMC-7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur, 
Oklahoma City, OK 73125; (405) 680-3296.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-
7), Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 
99513; (907) 271-5269.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-
7), Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal 
Building, Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-
7), Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, 
Fitzgerald Federal Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-1035.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region 
(AGL-7), Great Lakes Region Headquarters, O'Hare Lake Office Center, 
2300 East Devon Avenue, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (708) 294-7108.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region 
(ANE-7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive 
Park, Burlington, MA 01803; (617) 273-7050.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain 
Region (ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 18000 
Pacific Highway South, Seattle, WA 98188; (206) 227-2007.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-
7), Southern Region Headquarters, 3400 Norman Berry Drive, East 
Point, GA 30344; (404) 305-5200.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-
7), Southwest Region Headquarters, 4400 Blue Mound Road, Fort Worth, 
TX 76193; (817) 624-5707.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-
7), Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City 
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; (609) 485-7087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region 
(AWP-7), Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation 
Boulevard, Hawthorne, CA 90261; (310) 297-1270.

    Issued in Washington, DC, on January 26, 1994.
Daniel J. Peterson,
Special Counsel and Director of Civil Penalty Adjudications.
[FR Doc. 94-2555 Filed 2-3-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M