[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 24 (Friday, February 4, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-2521]


[[Page Unknown]]

[Federal Register: February 4, 1994]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 52 and 81

[OH48-1-6051; FRL-4816-1]

 

Approval of Maintenance Plan and Designation of Areas for Air 
Quality Planning Purposes; OH

AGENCY: United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: USEPA is approving a redesignation request and maintenance 
plan for Cuyahoga County, Ohio as a revision to Ohio's State 
Implementation Plan (SIP) for carbon monoxide.
    The revision is based on a request from the State of Ohio to 
redesignate this area, and approve its maintenance plan, and on the 
supporting data the State submitted. Under the Clean Air Act, 
designations can be changed if sufficient data are available to warrant 
such change.

EFFECTIVE DATE: This final rulemaking becomes effective on March 7, 
1994.

ADDRESSES: William Jones, Regulation Development Section, Air 
Enforcement Branch (AE-17J), United States Environmental Protection 
Agency, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Region 5, Chicago, Illinois 60604, 
(312) 886-6058.
    Copies of the redesignation request, public comments on the 
proposed rule, and other materials relating to this rulemaking are 
available for inspection at the following address: (It is recommended 
that you telephone William Jones at (312) 886-6058, before visiting the 
Region 5 Office.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 77 West Jackson 
Boulevard, Region 5, Chicago, Illinois 60604.
    A copy of this redesignation is available for inspection: Jerry 
Kurtzweg (ANR-443), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street 
SW., Washington, DC 20460.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: William Jones at (312) 886-6058.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under section 107(d) of the pre-amended 
Clean Air Act (CAA), the United States Environmental Protection Agency 
(USEPA) promulgated the carbon monoxide (CO) attainment status for each 
area of every State. For Ohio, Cuyahoga County was designated as a 
nonattainment area for CO, see 43 FR 8962 (March 3, 1978), and 43 FR 
45993 (October 5, 1978). On November 15, 1990, the Clean Air Act 
Amendments of 1990 were enacted. Public Law No. 101-549, 104 Stat. 
2399, codified at 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q. Pursuant to section 
107(d)(1)(C) of the CAA, Cuyahoga County retained its designation of 
nonattainment for CO by operation of law, see 56 FR 56694 (November 6, 
1991). At the same time the area was classified as a moderate CO 
nonattainment area based on a design value of 10.1 parts per million.
    The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency requested that Cuyahoga 
County be redesignated to attainment in a letter dated October 16, 
1992, and received by USEPA on October 21, 1992. On July 12, 1993 (58 
FR 37453) USEPA proposed to approve Ohio's requested redesignation. The 
CO nonattainment area at issue consists of Cuyahoga County. The State 
of Ohio has met all of the CAA requirements for redesignation pursuant 
to section 107(d)(3)(E).
    The State provided monitoring, modeling and emissions data to 
support its redesignation request. The 1992 CO attainment emissions 
inventory totals in tons per day are 98.55, 81.25, and 67.17, 
respectively, for the point, area, and mobile sources. The State relied 
on the existence of an approved Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) 
program as part of its maintenance demonstration.
    The State of Ohio also provided the following schedule for 
implementing the contingency plan and committed to retain the existing 
monitoring network for carbon monoxide in the Cleveland area. The last 
column in the schedule is the amount of time that a specific activity 
must start ahead of the oxygenated fuels program start date for 
scheduling purposes. The completion time is the amount of time required 
to finish a specific activity in the table.

                    Cleveland Oxygenated Fuels Contingency Program Implementation Schedule\1\                   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                      Lead time 
                                                                                                        needed  
                                  Activity                                       Completion time        before  
                                                                                                      start date
                                                                                                       (months) 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ohio EPA evaluates data from network monitors when a violation is detected,    1 month.............           13
 and announces that a violation has been found and the oxygenated fuels                                         
 program is needed.                                                                                             
Ohio EPA submits requests and obtains necessary program budget...............  Up to 12 months.....           12
Petroleum industry secures oxygenates and sets up tracking systems to comply   8 months............            8
 with the requirements.                                                                                         
Ohio EPA reviews the existing state rules requiring the program to determine   7 months............            7
 if changes are needed/desired, and completes rulemaking.                                                       
Ohio EPA hires additional staff needed to conduct the program and trains       7 months............            7
 staff.                                                                                                         
Ohio EPA purchases needed equipment..........................................  5 months............            5
Ohio EPA secures lab contracts...............................................  4 months............            4
Ohio EPA begins public awareness program.....................................  4 months............            4
Ohio EPA prepares for and requires Control Area Responsible parties (CARs) to  3 months............            3
 register.                                                                                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Based upon this schedule, the oxygenated fuels program could be implemented the next winter season following 
  the detection of a violation (depending upon budget lead time needed), or at maximum, would be implemented    
  within 12 months of a violation.                                                                              

Public Comment/USEPA Response

    The following comments were received on the July 12, 1993, notice 
of proposed rulemaking. USEPA's response follows each comment.
    Comment: The air quality in the Cleveland area is unhealthy and the 
area should remain nonattainment and the requirements not be relaxed. 
If nothing is done now, the problem will get worse.
    Response: The State of Ohio submitted air quality modeling and 
monitoring data as a part of their redesignation request. These data 
show that the area is currently in attainment of the primary National 
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide (CO) and is 
expected to remain in attainment for at least the next 10 years. The 
primary NAAQS are established to protect public health. Since, the 
State has met the redesignation requirement to demonstrate that the air 
quality meets the NAAQS, USEPA believes the air quality is sufficient 
to protect the public health. USEPA cannot reject the redesignation 
request on this basis.
    Comment: If the redesignation is approved, it would discourage the 
public transportation system in the area from making improvements to 
its fleet.
    Response: The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 
(ISTEA) has provisions for Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality 
Improvement Programs. Under these provisions, funding has been made 
available for ozone and CO nonattainment areas for certain actions that 
can improve air quality. Since the air quality in Cuyahoga County 
remains nonattainment for ozone, they can apply for these funds.
    Comment: Oxygenated gasoline creates less pollution and should be 
mandated in the area.
    Response: While oxygenated fuel lowers CO levels, the State has 
shown that the CO levels are below the standard and are expected to 
remain below the standard for at least the next 10 years in the County, 
without using oxygenated fuels. Since the State has demonstrated 
maintenance without the measure and an oxygenated fuels program is not 
an applicable requirement for purposes of redesignation, EPA cannot 
mandate the program in this area. However, if a violation were to occur 
the State has committed to implement oxygenated fuels in the area.
    Comment: The area should not be redesignated because it would then 
be required to use reformulated gasoline during the winter.
    Response: Reformulated fuels are required in certain ozone 
nonattainment areas, and oxygenated fuels are required in certain CO 
nonattainment areas. These are two distinct requirements. The 
redesignation of the area to attainment for CO will not result in the 
county having a reformulated fuels requirement for controlling CO. 
Furthermore, under the CAA none of the areas in Ohio are currently 
subject to the reformulated fuels requirement.
    The remaining public comments received (over 120) were all in 
support of the redesignation and, therefore, will not be addressed 
here.

Rulemaking Action

    The amended Clean Air Act established new submittal requirements 
with respect to various programs. Therefore, USEPA reviewed the State's 
submittal, to determine whether the State met the applicable 
requirements of the amended Act.
    Section 187(a)(4) of the Act establishes the I/M requirements 
applicable to moderate CO nonattainment areas. Section 187(a)(4) 
requires the State to have submitted an I/M program immediately upon 
enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. USEPA has 
interpreted this provision to require submittal of a commitment to 
USEPA by November 15, 1992, see 57 FR 52950 (Nov. 5, 1992). This 
commitment would commit to the submittal of an actual program by 
November 15, 1993. Therefore, November 15, 1992, is the date on which 
the I/M requirement became applicable. Although Ohio is not required to 
submit an approvable I/M program in order for USEPA to determine that 
the State has met the applicable requirements of part D, the State must 
have an approved I/M program prior to redesignation because it has 
relied on such a program to demonstrate maintenance of the NAAQS.
    The redesignation request can now be approved as meeting conditions 
of the CAA in section 107(d)(3)(E) for redesignation, since: (1) The I/
M regulations have recently been fully approved as a part of the CO 
SIP; (2) the State has submitted a schedule for implementing the 
contingency plan; and (3) the State has committed to maintain an 
acceptable CO monitoring network in the maintenance area. The State has 
also met the terms of the May 26, 1988, SIP call for the Cleveland 
area.
    The applicable New Source Review (NSR) requirements for moderate CO 
areas are in section 172(c)(5) of the Act. Section 172(b) establishes a 
date no later than November 15, 1993, for submittal of the section 
172(c) requirements. Since USEPA has not established an earlier date 
for submittal, the NSR requirement does not become an applicable 
requirement until November 15, 1993. Since Ohio submitted the 
redesignation request for Cuyahoga County prior to November 15, 1993, 
and the area is now designated attainment, there is no longer a 
requirement for nonattainment area CO NSR.
    The amended Act also specifies new requirements--i.e., requirements 
not established under the pre-amended Act--for CO nonattainment areas. 
These include an oxygenated fuels program and an emissions inventory. 
These requirements were due on November 15, 1992. Since Ohio submitted 
the redesignation request prior to November 15, 1992, the State was not 
required to submit these plan elements for purposes of redesignation. 
Further, since the area is now designated attainment for CO, the CO 
emissions inventory and oxygenated fuels SIPs are no longer required. 
However, a CO emissions inventory was submitted as the attainment 
emissions inventory and is being approved as part of this redesignation 
action.
    Nothing in this action should be construed as permitting or 
allowing or establishing a precedent for any future request for 
revision to any SIP. Each request for revision to the SIP shall be 
considered separately in light of specific technical, economic, and 
environmental factors and in relation to relevant statutory and 
regulatory requirements.
    Today's action makes final the action proposed on July 12, 1993 (58 
FR 37453) to approve Ohio's requested redesignation of Cuyahoga County 
to attainment for CO. This action has been reclassified from a Table 1 
to a Table 2 action by the Regional Administrator under the processing 
procedures published in the Federal Register on January 19, 1989 (54 FR 
2214-2225), as revised by an October 4, 1993, memorandum from Michael 
H. Shapiro, Acting Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation. On 
January 6, 1989, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) waived 
Tables 2 and 3 SIP revisions (54 FR 222) from the requirements of 
section 3 of Executive Order 12291 for a period of 2 years. USEPA has 
submitted a request for a permanent waiver for Table 2 and Table 3 SIP 
revisions. The OMB has agreed to continue the waiver until such time as 
it rules on USEPA's request. This request continues in effect under 
Executive Order 12866 which superseded Executive Order 12291 on 
September 30, 1993.
    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 600 et seq., USEPA 
must prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis assessing the impact of 
any proposed or final rule on small entities. (5 U.S.C. 603 and 604.) 
Alternatively, USEPA may certify that the rule will not have a 
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small 
entities include small businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, 
and government entities with jurisdiction over populations of less than 
50,000.
    SIP approvals under section 110 and subchapter I, part D of the CAA 
do not create any new requirements, but simply approve requirements 
that the State is already imposing. Therefore, because the federal SIP-
approval does not impose any new requirements, I certify that it does 
not have a significant impact on any small entities affected. Moreover, 
due to the nature of the Federal-State relationship under the CAA, 
preparation of a regulatory flexibility analysis would constitute 
federal inquiry into the economic reasonableness of state action. The 
CAA forbids USEPA to base its actions concerning SIPs on such grounds. 
Union Electric Co. v. U.S. E.P.A., 427 U.S. 246, 256-66 (1976); 42 
U.S.C. 7410(a)(2).
    Redesignation of an area to attainment under section 107(d)(3)(E) 
of the CAA does not impose any new requirements on small entities. 
Redesignation is an action that affects the status of a geographical 
area and does not impose any regulatory requirements on sources. I 
certify that the approval of the redesignation request will not affect 
a substantial number of small entities.
    Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for 
judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court 
of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by April 5, 1994. Filing a 
petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule 
does not affect the finality of this rule for the purposes of judicial 
review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such 
rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings 
to enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Carbon monoxide, 
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations.

40 CFR Part 81

    Air pollution control.

    Note--Incorporation by reference of the State Implementation 
Plan for the State of Ohio was approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register on July 1, 1982.

    Dated: December 2, 1993.
Valdas V. Adamkus,
Regional Administrator.

    Chapter I, title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended 
as follows:

PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

    1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart KK--Ohio

    2. Section 52.1870 is amended by adding a new paragraph (c) (93) to 
read as follows:


Sec. 52.1870  Identification of plan.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (93) In a letter dated October 16, 1992, the OEPA submitted a 
revision to the Carbon Monoxide State Implementation Plan for Cuyahoga 
County. This revision contains a maintenance plan that the area will 
use to maintain the CO NAAQS. The maintenance plan contains an 
oxygenated fuels program as a contingency measure to be implemented if 
the area violates the CO NAAQS.
    (i) Incorporation by reference. (A) Letter dated October 16, 1992, 
from Donald R. Schregardus, Director, Ohio Environmental Protection 
Agency to Valdas Adamkus, Regional Administrator, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, Region 5 and its enclosures entitled ``Table 1 
Cuyahoga County Carbon Monoxide Emission Inventory'', Enclosure B 
``Cuyahoga County carbon monoxide SIP submittal'', and section 6.0 of 
Enclosure C ``Cuyahoga County Carbon Monoxide Modeling Study Final 
Report.''
    (ii) Additional information.
    (A) Letter dated January 14, 1993, from Donald R. Schregardus, 
Director, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to Valdas Adamkus, 
Regional Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5.
    (B) Letter dated February 10, 1993, from Robert F. Hodanbosi, 
Chief, Division of Air Pollution Control, Ohio Environmental Protection 
Agency to David Kee, Director, Air and Radiation Division, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5.
    (C) Letter dated July 29, 1993, from Robert F. Hodanbosi, Chief, 
Division of Air Pollution Control, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 
to David Kee, Director, Air and Radiation Division, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, Region 5.

PART 81--DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING PURPOSES

    1. The authority citation of part 81 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart KK--Ohio

    2. In Sec. 81.336 the carbon monoxide table is amended by revising 
the entry of ``Cuyahoga County'' to read as follows:


Sec. 81.336  Ohio.

* * * * * 

                         Ohio--Carbon Monoxide                          
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    Designation           Classification
     Designated area      ----------------------------------------------
                              Date\1\         Type       Date\1\   Type 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        
                                  *****                                 
Cuyahoga County..........  March 7.....  Attainment....  .......  ......
                                                                        
                                  *****                                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\This date is November 15, 1990, unless otherwise noted.              

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[FR Doc. 94-2521 Filed 2-3-94; 8:45 am]
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