[Economic Report of the President (1999)]
[Administration of William J. Clinton]
[Online through the Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]



POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, WAGES, AND PRODUCTIVITY


[[Page 368]]


Table B-35.--Civilian population and labor force, 1929-98
[Monthly data seasonally adjusted, except as noted]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Civilian labor force                          Civil-             Unem-
-------------------------------------------------             ian     Civil-    ploy-
Civilian                     Employment                               labor    ian em-   ment
noninsti-           -----------------------------            Not in    force     ploy-    rate,
Year or month                        tutional                                            Un-      labor     par-     ment/   civil-
popula-     Total              Agri-     Non-     employ-    force    tici-   pop- ula-   ian
tion\1\               Total     cul-     agri-     ment               pation     tion    work-
tural   cultural                      rate\2\  ratio\3\  ers\4\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thousands of persons 14 years of age and over
Percent

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1929...................................................  .........    49,180    47,630   10,450    37,180     1,550  ........  .......  ........     3.2
1933...................................................  .........    51,590    38,760   10,090    28,670    12,830  ........  .......  ........    24.9
1939...................................................  .........    55,230    45,750    9,610    36,140     9,480  ........  .......  ........    17.2

1940...................................................     99,840    55,640    47,520    9,540    37,980     8,120   44,200      55.7     47.6     14.6
1941...................................................     99,900    55,910    50,350    9,100    41,250     5,560   43,990      56.0     50.4      9.9
1942...................................................     98,640    56,410    53,750    9,250    44,500     2,660   42,230      57.2     54.5      4.7
1943...................................................     94,640    55,540    54,470    9,080    45,390     1,070   39,100      58.7     57.6      1.9
1944...................................................     93,220    54,630    53,960    8,950    45,010       670   38,590      58.6     57.9      1.2

1945...................................................     94,090    53,860    52,820    8,580    44,240     1,040   40,230      57.2     56.1      1.9
1946...................................................    103,070    57,520    55,250    8,320    46,930     2,270   45,550      55.8     53.6      3.9
1947...................................................    106,018    60,168    57,812    8,256    49,557     2,356   45,850      56.8     54.5      3.9
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thousands of persons 16 years of age and over

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1947...................................................    101,827    59,350    57,038    7,890    49,148     2,311   42,477      58.3     56.0      3.9
1948...................................................    103,068    60,621    58,343    7,629    50,714     2,276   42,447      58.8     56.6      3.8
1949...................................................    103,994    61,286    57,651    7,658    49,993     3,637   42,708      58.9     55.4      5.9

1950...................................................    104,995    62,208    58,918    7,160    51,758     3,288   42,787      59.2     56.1      5.3
1951...................................................    104,621    62,017    59,961    6,726    53,235     2,055   42,604      59.2     57.3      3.3
1952...................................................    105,231    62,138    60,250    6,500    53,749     1,883   43,093      59.0     57.3      3.0
1953\5\................................................    107,056    63,015    61,179    6,260    54,919     1,834   44,041      58.9     57.1      2.9
1954...................................................    108,321    63,643    60,109    6,205    53,904     3,532   44,678      58.8     55.5      5.5
1955...................................................    109,683    65,023    62,170    6,450    55,722     2,852   44,660      59.3     56.7      4.4
1956...................................................    110,954    66,552    63,799    6,283    57,514     2,750   44,402      60.0     57.5      4.1
1957...................................................    112,265    66,929    64,071    5,947    58,123     2,859   45,336      59.6     57.1      4.3
1958...................................................    113,727    67,639    63,036    5,586    57,450     4,602   46,088      59.5     55.4      6.8
1959...................................................    115,329    68,369    64,630    5,565    59,065     3,740   46,960      59.3     56.0      5.5

1960\5\................................................    117,245    69,628    65,778    5,458    60,318     3,852   47,617      59.4     56.1      5.5
1961...................................................    118,771    70,459    65,746    5,200    60,546     4,714   48,312      59.3     55.4      6.7
1962\5\................................................    120,153    70,614    66,702    4,944    61,759     3,911   49,539      58.8     55.5      5.5
1963...................................................    122,416    71,833    67,762    4,687    63,076     4,070   50,583      58.7     55.4      5.7
1964...................................................    124,485    73,091    69,305    4,523    64,782     3,786   51,394      58.7     55.7      5.2
1965...................................................    126,513    74,455    71,088    4,361    66,726     3,366   52,058      58.9     56.2      4.5
1966...................................................    128,058    75,770    72,895    3,979    68,915     2,875   52,288      59.2     56.9      3.8
1967...................................................    129,874    77,347    74,372    3,844    70,527     2,975   52,527      59.6     57.3      3.8
1968...................................................    132,028    78,737    75,920    3,817    72,103     2,817   53,291      59.6     57.5      3.6
1969...................................................    134,335    80,734    77,902    3,606    74,296     2,832   53,602      60.1     58.0      3.5

1970...................................................    137,085    82,771    78,678    3,463    75,215     4,093   54,315      60.4     57.4      4.9
1971...................................................    140,216    84,382    79,367    3,394    75,972     5,016   55,834      60.2     56.6      5.9
1972\5\................................................    144,126    87,034    82,153    3,484    78,669     4,882   57,091      60.4     57.0      5.6
1973\5\................................................    147,096    89,429    85,064    3,470    81,594     4,365   57,667      60.8     57.8      4.9
1974...................................................    150,120    91,949    86,794    3,515    83,279     5,156   58,171      61.3     57.8      5.6
1975...................................................    153,153    93,775    85,846    3,408    82,438     7,929   59,377      61.2     56.1      8.5
1976...................................................    156,150    96,158    88,752    3,331    85,421     7,406   59,991      61.6     56.8      7.7
1977...................................................    159,033    99,009    92,017    3,283    88,734     6,991   60,025      62.3     57.9      7.1
1978\5\................................................    161,910   102,251    96,048    3,387    92,661     6,202   59,659      63.2     59.3      6.1
1979...................................................    164,863   104,962    98,824    3,347    95,477     6,137   59,900      63.7     59.9      5.8

1980...................................................    167,745   106,940    99,303    3,364    95,938     7,637   60,806      63.8     59.2      7.1
1981...................................................    170,130   108,670   100,397    3,368    97,030     8,273   61,460      63.9     59.0      7.6
1982...................................................    172,271   110,204    99,526    3,401    96,125    10,678   62,067      64.0     57.8      9.7
1983...................................................    174,215   111,550   100,834    3,383    97,450    10,717   62,665      64.0     57.9      9.6
1984...................................................    176,383   113,544   105,005    3,321   101,685     8,539   62,839      64.4     59.5      7.5
1985...................................................    178,206   115,461   107,150    3,179   103,971     8,312   62,744      64.8     60.1      7.2
1986\5\................................................    180,587   117,834   109,597    3,163   106,434     8,237   62,752      65.3     60.7      7.0
1987...................................................    182,753   119,865   112,440    3,208   109,232     7,425   62,888      65.6     61.5      6.2
1988...................................................    184,613   121,669   114,968    3,169   111,800     6,701   62,944      65.9     62.3      5.5
1989...................................................    186,393   123,869   117,342    3,199   114,142     6,528   62,523      66.5     63.0      5.3

1990\5\................................................    189,164   125,840   118,793    3,223   115,570     7,047   63,324      66.5     62.8      5.6
1991...................................................    190,925   126,346   117,718    3,269   114,449     8,628   64,578      66.2     61.7      6.8
1992...................................................    192,805   128,105   118,492    3,247   115,245     9,613   64,700      66.4     61.5      7.5
1993...................................................    194,838   129,200   120,259    3,115   117,144     8,940   65,638      66.3     61.7      6.9
1994\5\................................................    196,814   131,056   123,060    3,409   119,651     7,996   65,758      66.6     62.5      6.1
1995...................................................    198,584   132,304   124,900    3,440   121,460     7,404   66,280      66.6     62.9      5.6
1996...................................................    200,591   133,943   126,708    3,443   123,264     7,236   66,647      66.8     63.2      5.4
1997\5\................................................    203,133   136,297   129,558    3,399   126,159     6,739   66,837      67.1     63.8      4.9
1998\5\................................................    205,220   137,673   131,463    3,378   128,085     6,210   67,547      67.1     64.1      4.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Not seasonally adjusted.
\2\Civilian labor force as percent of civilian noninstitutional population.
\3\Civilian employment as percent of civilian noninstitutional population.
\4\Unemployed as percent of civilian labor force.

See next page for continuation of table.


[[Page 369]]


Table B-35.--Civilian population and labor force, 1929-98--Continued
[Monthly data seasonally adjusted, except as noted]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Civilian labor force                          Civil-             Unem-
-------------------------------------------------             ian     Civil-    ploy-
Civilian                     Employment                               labor    ian em-   ment
noninsti-           -----------------------------            Not in    force     ploy-    rate,
Year or month                        tutional                                            Un-      labor     par-     ment/   civil-
popula-     Total              Agri-     Non-     employ-    force    tici-   pop- ula-   ian
tion\1\               Total     cul-     agri-     ment               pation     tion    work-
tural   cultural                      rate\2\  ratio\3\  ers\4\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thousands of persons 16 years of age and over
Percent

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1995:Jan...............................................    197,753   132,034   124,696    3,520   121,176     7,338   65,719      66.8     63.1      5.6
Feb................................................    197,886   132,111   124,922    3,609   121,313     7,189   65,775      66.8     63.1      5.4
Mar................................................    198,007   132,099   124,957    3,634   121,323     7,142   65,908      66.7     63.1      5.4
Apr................................................    198,148   132,591   124,955    3,575   121,380     7,636   65,557      66.9     63.1      5.8
May................................................    198,286   131,881   124,445    3,350   121,095     7,436   66,405      66.5     62.8      5.6
June...............................................    198,453   131,956   124,525    3,466   121,059     7,431   66,497      66.5     62.7      5.6

July...............................................    198,615   132,336   124,800    3,378   121,422     7,536   66,279      66.6     62.8      5.7
Aug................................................    198,801   132,329   124,833    3,374   121,459     7,496   66,472      66.6     62.8      5.7
Sept...............................................    199,005   132,608   125,111    3,282   121,829     7,497   66,397      66.6     62.9      5.7
Oct................................................    199,192   132,698   125,358    3,430   121,928     7,340   66,494      66.6     62.9      5.5
Nov................................................    199,355   132,611   125,184    3,339   121,845     7,427   66,744      66.5     62.8      5.6
Dec................................................    199,508   132,510   125,081    3,350   121,731     7,429   66,998      66.4     62.7      5.6

1996:Jan...............................................    199,634   132,665   125,201    3,489   121,712     7,464   66,969      66.5     62.7      5.6
Feb................................................    199,773   133,022   125,687    3,541   122,146     7,335   66,751      66.6     62.9      5.5
Mar................................................    199,921   133,188   125,890    3,491   122,399     7,298   66,733      66.6     63.0      5.5
Apr................................................    200,101   133,407   126,017    3,414   122,603     7,390   66,694      66.7     63.0      5.5
May................................................    200,278   133,718   126,264    3,479   122,785     7,454   66,560      66.8     63.0      5.6
June...............................................    200,459   133,711   126,608    3,427   123,181     7,103   66,748      66.7     63.2      5.3

July...............................................    200,641   134,247   126,908    3,437   123,471     7,339   66,394      66.9     63.3      5.5
Aug................................................    200,847   134,021   127,130    3,400   123,730     6,891   66,826      66.7     63.3      5.1
Sept...............................................    201,061   134,464   127,470    3,437   124,033     6,994   66,597      66.9     63.4      5.2
Oct................................................    201,273   134,847   127,813    3,448   124,365     7,034   66,426      67.0     63.5      5.2
Nov................................................    201,463   134,944   127,717    3,355   124,362     7,227   66,519      67.0     63.4      5.4
Dec................................................    201,636   135,063   127,819    3,426   124,393     7,244   66,573      67.0     63.4      5.4

1997:Jan\5\............................................    202,285   135,598   128,472    3,462   125,010     7,126   66,687      67.0     63.5      5.3
Feb................................................    202,389   135,563   128,409    3,346   125,063     7,154   66,826      67.0     63.4      5.3
Mar................................................    202,513   135,950   128,954    3,418   125,536     6,996   66,563      67.1     63.7      5.1
Apr................................................    202,674   136,052   129,210    3,496   125,714     6,842   66,622      67.1     63.8      5.0
May................................................    202,832   136,103   129,425    3,437   125,988     6,678   66,729      67.1     63.8      4.9
June...............................................    203,000   136,254   129,430    3,409   126,021     6,824   66,746      67.1     63.8      5.0

July...............................................    203,166   136,378   129,745    3,428   126,317     6,633   66,788      67.1     63.9      4.9
Aug................................................    203,364   136,540   129,910    3,354   126,556     6,630   66,824      67.1     63.9      4.9
Sept...............................................    203,570   136,565   129,911    3,382   126,529     6,654   67,005      67.1     63.8      4.9
Oct................................................    203,767   136,500   130,055    3,289   126,766     6,445   67,267      67.0     63.8      4.7
Nov................................................    203,941   136,835   130,546    3,377   127,169     6,289   67,106      67.1     64.0      4.6
Dec................................................    204,098   137,086   130,638    3,383   127,255     6,448   67,012      67.2     64.0      4.7

1998:Jan\5\............................................    204,238   137,288   130,943    3,337   127,606     6,345   66,950      67.2     64.1      4.6
Feb................................................    204,400   137,384   131,021    3,345   127,676     6,363   67,016      67.2     64.1      4.6
Mar................................................    204,547   137,340   130,908    3,173   127,735     6,432   67,207      67.1     64.0      4.7
Apr................................................    204,731   137,232   131,280    3,381   127,899     5,952   67,499      67.0     64.1      4.3
May................................................    204,899   137,369   131,330    3,351   127,979     6,039   67,530      67.0     64.1      4.4
June...............................................    205,085   137,498   131,253    3,363   127,890     6,245   67,587      67.0     64.0      4.5

July...............................................    205,270   137,407   131,176    3,423   127,753     6,231   67,863      66.9     63.9      4.5
Aug................................................    205,479   137,481   131,264    3,492   127,772     6,217   67,998      66.9     63.9      4.5
Sept...............................................    205,699   138,081   131,818    3,470   128,348     6,263   67,618      67.1     64.1      4.5
Oct................................................    205,919   138,116   131,858    3,558   128,300     6,258   67,803      67.1     64.0      4.5
Nov................................................    206,104   138,193   132,113    3,348   128,765     6,080   67,911      67.1     64.1      4.4
Dec................................................    206,270   138,547   132,526    3,222   129,304     6,021   67,723      67.2     64.2      4.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\Not strictly comparable with earlier data due to population adjustments as follows: Beginning 1953, introduction of 1950 census data added about
600,000 to population and 350,000 to labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment. Beginning 1960, inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii added
about 500,000 to population, 300,000 to labor force, and 240,000 to nonagricultural employment. Beginning 1962, introduction of 1960 census data
reduced population by about 50,000 and labor force and employment by 200,000. Beginning 1972, introduction of 1970 census data added about 800,000 to
civilian noninstitutional population and 333,000 to labor force and employment. A subsequent adjustment based on 1970 census in March 1973 added
60,000 to labor force and to employment. Beginning 1978, changes in sampling and estimation procedures introduced into the household survey added
about 250,000 to labor force and to employment. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected. Beginning 1986, the introduction of
revised population controls added about 400,000 to the civilian population and labor force and 350,000 to civilian employment. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
Beginning 1990, the introduction of 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, added about 1.1 million to the
civilian population and labor force, 880,000 to civilian employment, and 175,000 to unemployment. The overall unemployment rate rose by about 0.1
percentage point.
Beginning 1994, data are not strictly comparable with earlier data because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey and
collection methodology.
Beginning 1997, data are not strictly comparable with earlier data due to the introduction of revised population controls which added about 470,000 to
the civilian population, 320,000 to the labor force, and 290,000 to employment. Unemployment rates and other percentages of labor market participation
were not affected.
Beginning 1998, data are not strictly comparable with earlier data due to the introduction of a new composite estimation procedure for the Current
Population Survey and revised population controls. If reestimated using the revised population controls, 1997 civilian population and employment would
change slightly and most unemployment rates and other ratios and proportions would be unaffected.

Note.--Labor force data in Tables B-35 through B-44 are based on household interviews and relate to the calendar week including the 12th of the month.
For definitions of terms, area samples used, historical comparability of the data, comparability with other series, etc., see ``Employment and
Earnings.''

Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.