Administration of Donald J. Trump, 2020

March 31, 2020

The President. Thank you very much, everyone. Our country is in the midst of a great national trial, unlike any we have ever faced before. You all see it. You see it probably better than most.

We're at war with a deadly virus. Success in this fight will require the full, absolute measure of our collective strength, love, and devotion. Very important. Each of us has the power, through our own choices and actions, to save American lives and rescue the most vulnerable among us.

That's why we really have to do what we all know is right. Every citizen is being called upon to make sacrifices. Every business is being asked to fulfill its patriotic duty. Every community is making fundamental changes to how we live, work, and interact each and every day.

And I wouldn't be surprised to see this going on long into the future, when this virus is gone and defeated. Some of the things we're doing now will be very good practice for the future, including for not getting the flu, which is very devastating also. So some of what we're learning now will live on into the futureâI really believe that: shaking hands or not shaking hands, washing hands all the time, staying a little apart.

Fifteen days ago, we published our nationwide guidelines to slow the spread of the virus. On Sunday, I announced that this campaign will be extended until April 30. In a few moments, Dr.

Birx will explain the data that formed the basis for our decision to extend the guidelines, and Dr. Fauci will explain why it's absolutely critical for the American people to follow the guidelines for the next 30 days. It's a matter of life and death, frankly. It's a matter of life and death.

I know our citizens will rise to the occasion, and they already have. We've sacrificed a lot. We had the greatest economy in the history of our country. We had the greatest economy in the world. We had the best unemployment numbers and employment numbers that we've ever had, by far. And in one instant, we said we have no choice, but to close it up. Just as Americans have always done, they will do a job like few have seen before. And they're proud to do it, and I see that. There's a great pride going on right now.

Before we hear from our experts, we have a few other announcements. Today the Treasury Department and Small Business Administration announced further details on the Paycheck Protection Program, which was made possible by the $2 trillion relief bill I signed into law last week. Nearly $350 billion in loans will soon be available through lending partners to help small businesses meet payroll and other expenses for up to 2 months. These loans will be forgiven as long as businesses keep paying their workers. This includes sole proprietors and independent contractors. Applications will be accepted starting this Friday, April 3. So, on Friday, April 3, that's when it begins.

Earlier today I spoke with leading internet and phone providers who are doing a tremendous job of keeping our internet and lines of communication flowing under very strongly increased strain. The business is more than anybody has seen before, because everyone is inside. They're all making calls.

Among the leaders I spoke to were Hans Vestberg of Verizon Communications, Randall Stephenson of AT&T, Mike Sievert of T-Mobile, Thomas Rutledge of Charter Communications, Brian Roberts of Comcast, John Malone of Liberty Media, Dexter Goei of Altice, Michel Combes

of Sprint, and Aryeh Bourkoff of LionTree. Also, Pat Esser of Cox Communications and Jeffrey Storey of CenturyLink. They're doing an incredible job.

If you look at other continentsâif you look at Europe, they went a different route than we did, and much different route. We were talking about that just a little while ago. And they're having tremendous problems. Other countries are having problems. Other continents are having problems.

But with business at a level that nobody has seen it before on the internet, it's holding up incredibly well, and they expect that to continue no matter what happened and no matter how much more it gains, which, if it can gain more than it already is, I don't know, because they're setting records.

Let me also update you on the distribution of urgently needed resources and supplies. And we have a lot of numbers. I'm going to let Mike Pence speak to that in a little while. But we're giving massive amounts of medical equipment and supplies to the 50 States. We also are holding back quite a bit. We have almost 10,000 ventilators that we have ready to go. We have to hold them back because the surge is coming, and it's coming pretty strong. And we want to be able to immediately move it into place without going and taking it.

So we're ready to go, and we've also distributedâI just spoke with the Governor of Michigan. Had a great conversation. And we sent a large number of ventilators to Michigan. We're sending them to Louisiana. We sent additional ventilators to New York, additional ventilators to New Jersey. And, I will say, in New York, FEMA is supplying 250 ambulances and 500 EMTs to help respond to the increasing caseload. That's a lot of ambulances.

In California, the Army Corps of Engineers is developing eight facilities to expand hospital capacity up to 50,000 beds. Fifty thousand. And had a great conversation last night with Gavin Newsom. He's doingâhe's doing a really good job. We're in constant communications. The USNS *Mercy *hospital ship is operational. It's in Los Angeles and receiving patients.

And, in New York, as you know, the *Comfort*âeverybody watched thatâit's in place and will be, in a very short while, receiving large numbers of patients. Over a thousand rooms and 12 operating rooms. FEMA has also provided 100 travel trailers to assist with housing needs. And we're ordering hundreds more.

In Michigan, FEMA will soon deliver, in addition to the ventilators, 250-bed field hospital, and Army Corps of Engineers is evaluating locations to build alternate care facilities. So we're doing a field hospital, in Michigan, of 250 beds. And we may be doubling it up soon, depending on the need. They're doing a good job with beds in Michigan, but they may need more than the

250. So FEMA and the Army Corps of Engineers are prepared to go there quickly and get it done.

In Louisiana, we're delivering two field hospitals to provide 500 new hospital beds. I've been talking with the Governor, John Bel Edwards, and the Army Corps of Engineers has been really doing incredible work, establishing 3,000-bed alternate care site at the New Orleans Convention Center, which will be operational, believe it or not, this week. So we're doing a 3,000-bed alternate care site, and we're also doing a 500-bed new hospital. And that's in Louisiana, which really got hit. It started off very late, and it was looking good, and then all of a sudden, it just reared up; it came from nowhere.

In addition to the supplies we're delivering, we're also giving hospitals the flexibility to use new facilities, including surgical care centers, to care for hospital patients who are not infected. For example, I know that many expectant mothers are understandably concerned about exposing their newborn babies to the virus, and they should be. With our action yesterday, hospitals now

have the authority to create special areas for mothers to deliver their babies in a very safe and healthy environment. Totally separate.

Over the past 2 months, the U.S. State Department has organized one of the largest and most complex international evacuation operations in American history. Mike Pompeo has been working round the clock, along with Ambassador O'Brien. Since January 29, we have successfully repatriated over 25,000 Americans from more than 50 countries, where they were literally stuck, in some cases, locked in.

And I salute the incredible public servants at the Department of State, as well as their counterparts at DHS and HHS who have played such an important role in doing this. You probably read about the young people in Peru and young people in Brazil, and they were absolutely stuck, and we got them out. Got themâalmost everybody is out now and back home with their parents, their wives, their husbands.

I want every American to be prepared for the hard days that lie ahead. We're going to go through a very tough 2 weeks. And then, hopefully, as the experts are predicting, as I think a lot of us are predicting, after having studied it so hard, you're going to start seeing some real light at the end of the tunnel. But this is going to be a very painfulâa very, very painfulâ2 weeks.

When you look and see, at night, the kind of death that's been caused by this invisible enemy, it's incredible. I was watching, last night, Governor Murphy of New Jersey say "29 people died today," meaning yesterday, and others talking about numbers far greater. But you get to know a State. I know New Jersey so well, and you hear 29 people. And hundreds in other locations. Hundreds in other States. And this is going to be a rough 2-week period.

As a nation, we face a difficult few weeks as we approach that really important day when we're going to see things get better, all of a sudden. And it's going to be like a burst of light, I really think, and I hope. Our strength will be tested, and our endurance will be tried, but America will answer with love and courage and ironclad resolve. This is the time for all Americans to come together and do our part.

I appreciate a lot of the media. We've had a lot of really good things said. I think only good things can be said when you look at the job that's been done.

I just spoke with Franklin Graham who is an extraordinary person. And Samaritan's Purse has beenâlike so many othersâjust been amazing and so fast. They did it so fast. He's been doing that for a long time, but I think people are really seeing what they have done. Franklin Grahamâa very special family.

As we send planeloads of masks and gloves and supplies to the communities battling the plagueâand that's what it is; this a plagueâwe also send our prayers. We pray for the doctors and the nurses, for the paramedics and the truck drivers, and the police officers and the sanitation workers, and above all, the people fighting for their lives in New York and all across our land.

I watched as doctors and nurses went into a certain hospital in Elmhurst this morning. I know Elmhurst, Queens. That'sâI grew up right next to it. I know the hospital very well. And seeing it all my lifeâmy young life. And I will tell you that to see the scenes of trailers out there and what they're doing with those trailersâthey're freezersâand nobody can even believe it.

And I spoke to some of my friends; they can't believe what they're seeing. And I watched the doctors and the nurses walking into that hospital this morning. It's like military people going into battle, going into war. The bravery is incredible. And I just have to take my hatâI would take my hat, if I were wearing a hat, I'd rip that hat off so fast, and I would say you people are just incredible. They really are. They're very brave. They're going in, and they don't knowâyou

haveâyou have lots of things flying around in the air. You don't know what you're touching. Is it safe?

And you also see where you have friends that go into the hospital, and you say, "How is he doing?" 2 days later. And they say, "Sir, he is unconscious" or "He's in a coma." So things are happening that we've never seen before in this country.

And with all of that being said, the country has come together like I've never seen it before. And we will prevail. We will win. And hopefully, it will be in a relatively short period of time.

With that, I'd like to ask Dr. Birx to come up and show you some of the latestâjust the data that has been, I think, brilliantly put together. And right after that, I'm going to ask Dr. Fauci to speak. And Mike Pence is going to give you some of the recent events that have taken place and some of the statistics that we have that I think will be very interesting to you.

Thank you very much. Please, Doctor.

White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator Deborah L. Birx. Thank you, Mr.

President. If I can have the first slide, please.

[*At this point, a slideshow presentation was displayed, and Ambassador Birx continued her remarks, concluding as follows*.]

As we startedâand we will endâwith, it's communities that will do this. There's no magic bullet. There's no magic vaccine or therapy. It's just behaviors. Each of our behaviors translating into something that changes the course of this viral pandemic over the next 30 days.

Thank you.

The President. Thank you, Deborah.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Anthony S. Fauci. Thank you very much, Dr. Birx, Mr. President, Mr. Vice President.

So what Dr. Birx has really said very simply is that there are really two dynamic forces that are opposing each other here. As I've mentioned several times in our briefings, the virus, if left to its own devices, will do that dark curve that Dr. Birx showed you. The other dynamic force is what we are doing, what we're trying to do, and what we will do in the form of mitigation.

[*Director Fauci continued his remarks, concluding as follows*.]

And as I said the other day and on one of the interviews, we are a very strong and resilient nation. If you look at our history, we've been through some terrible ordeals. This is tough. People are suffering. People are dying. It's inconvenient from a societal standpoint, from an economic standpoint to go through this, but this is going to be the answer to our problems. So let's all pull together and make sure, as we look forward to the next 30 days, we do it with all the intensity and force that we can.

Thank you.

The President. Mike, please.

Vice President Michael R. Pence. Thank you, Mr. President. And to Dr. Birx and Dr. Fauci, I know I speak on behalf of the President and people all across this country when I express our great admiration and appreciation to both of you for helping to steer our Nation through this challenging time.

[*Vice President Pence continued his remarks, concluding as follows*.]

And I'm absolutely confident, seeing the way our Governors are responding and seeing this team the President has assembled in the White House Coronavirus Task Force, confident of the prayers of the American people that we'll get through this. But it will take all of us doing our part, and we'll get through it together.

The President. Okay?

Steve [Steve A. Holland, Reuters].

Coronavirus Statistics in the U.S.

Q. Just to be clear, what is the projected death toll should people be reasonably good at following these mitigation measures?

The President. Well, if they're reasonably good, I guess we could say thatâI'd like to have maybe Dr. Fauci or Deb come up and say. I mean, I have numbers, but I'd rather have them say the numbers, if you don't mind. It's a big question.

Ambassador Birx. So, of course, this is a projection, and it's a projection based on using very much what's happened in Italy and then looking at all the models.

And so, as you saw on that slide, that was our real numberâthat 100,000 to 200,000. And we think that that is the range. We really believe and hope every day that we can do a lot better than thatâbecause that's not assuming 100 percent of every American does everything that they're supposed to be doing. But I think that's possible.

[*Ambassador Birx and Director Fauci responded to several questions from reporters. The President continued with the briefing as follows*.]

Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S.

Q. You've got some cities that are not following these guidelines very closely.

Director Fauci. Right. And that's the reasonâmy plea at the end of my remarks, Jim [Jim Acosta, CNN], that now is the time to put your foot on the accelerator, because that's the only thing that's going to stop those peaks.

Q. And Dr. Fauciââ

The President. Some of the cities are doing very well as you see. Very well at this early stage. But the numberâthe doctor said 100,000ânumbers between 100- and 200,000, maybe even slightly more. But we would hope that we could keep it under that.

Ambassador Birx. Do we have the next slide or the slide after that?

Q. Mr. Presidentââ

Ambassador Birx. Just go up. Yes, one more slide. Perfect. Yes, thank you.

Q. Would you tell themâwould you tell cities that aren't doing what, you know, New York, New Jersey, Washingtonâyou know, the cities that have been taking charge in all of thisâwould you urge some of the cities that haven't been doing this, Mr. President, to get with the program?

The President. Well, I would. But if you see, New YorkâI believe the blue is New Yorkâ New York is having a much harder time than other of the cities. Certain cities are doing actually, if you look down here, an incredible job. They were early. And they were very, very firm, and they've done an incredible job. This is New Jersey and New York. This isââ

Ambassador Birx. I mean, remember, California and Washington State were down here, and they had some of the earliest cases.

Q. But we're seeing places in Florida not doing what New York and New Jersey have been doing, what Washington State has been doing.

The President. But they're doing very well by comparison.

Q. Mr. Presidentââ

Q. Mr. Presidentââ

The President. Yes, John [John Roberts, Fox News].

Coronavirus Testing Technology and Access

Q. If I could maybe direct a question to you and then to Dr. Fauci as well. Weâyou told us yesterday that you're accomplishingâor the U.S., at least, is accomplishing 100,000 tests per day. But we're still hearing difficult stories from the frontlines of the first responders, who you praised so appropriately a little while ago, that they can't test all of the people that they need to test. Do you have any kind of projection as to when everyone who needs a test will be able to receive one?

The President. Yes, I can only say that we're doing more than anybody in the world, by far. We are testing itâhighly accurate tests. These are tests that work. As you know, many tests are being sent to countries, and they're broken.

Q. Yet it's still not enough at this point.

The President. Well, we're doingâevery day, we getâand the word is exponential. We are getting more and more and more, and now we have the new test that you saw yesterday. That's going to be rolled out, I think, tomorrow or the next day. And that's going to take only a few minutesâliterally, a few minutesâto see the result. And it's a highly accurate result. I mean, tests were given out not by us, by other countries, where there was a 50/50 chance that it was wrong. What kind of a test is that? These are highly accurate tests.

But the new tests that are coming out are very quick, and they were just developed. Abbott Labs did the one yesterday. So we're doing more than anybody in the world, by far. And they're very accurate tests. And we're getting a lot of information from those tests.

Vice President Pence. I can speak to that.

The President. Yes, please. Mike, go ahead.

Vice President Pence. The test President unveiled yesterday, the Abbott Laboratories testâ which is a 15-minute testâour team is working very closely with Admiral Giroir and FEMA to make sure that those are distributed around the country.

[*Vice President Pence continued his remarks, concluding as follows*.]

But when we look at this chart for all the other States, including Washington State and California, it really does give evidence thatâat least, it begins to give evidence thatâthe "15 Days To Slow the Spread" is working and that, in fact, the American people are putting these things into practice in States across the country, including in New York and New Jersey, even though they've faced a greater magnitude of cases for certain circumstances that are related to international travel in those communities.

But I think theââ

Q. But do you need a national shelter in place?

The President. I knowââ

Q. Something across the country?

Vice President Pence. I think the American peopleâwhat I suggest to you, Jim, is that the American people can look at these numbers in the other 48 States, and they can see that in the last 15 days, the President's coronavirus guidelines were working. And that's precisely why President Trump is asking every American to continue to put these guidelines into practice for 30 more days.

Q. Mr. Vice President, I have a follow-up question on testingââ

Q. May ask for a question for Dr. Birx and Dr. Fauci? If I couldââ

The President. Please.

[*Ambassador Birx responded to several questions from reporters. The President then responded to questions as follows*.]

Coronavirus Testing Technology and Access

Q. Can I just follow up testing question, real quick, before we move on? So the testing numbersâI understand a million tests done; it's a big increase. But we were told there would be 27 million tests available by the end of the month.

So can you outline where in the supply chain, where in the logistics chain are those other 26?

The President. [Inaudible]âMike, please.

Q. Yes, where are the other 26 million tests right now?

Vice President Pence. I think this isâjust for purposes of clarifications, there's a difference between sending a test that can be administered to a test being done. And because a month ago, or more, the President brought together the top commercial labs in America and said we need you to partner with us to create a brandnew system that would rapidly process tests, we're now at 1.1 million tests, and we believe it's a fair estimate that we're testing about 100,000 Americans a day. That will continue to grow. It will continue to accelerate.

[*Vice President Pence continued his remarks, concluding as follows*.]

But this new partnership that we have with commercial laboratories allows the progress we're making. But the breakthrough with Abbott Laboratories now moves to point of care, which means you're going to have devices and tests that people will literally be able to take at their doctor's office, at a hospital, at a clinic, at a nursing home, and have the results in 15 minutes.

Q. So those 26 million tests we were talking about, were those tests under the old antiquated system?

Vice President Pence. Yes.

Q. And nowâso are we still even using those 27 million tests, or have we just completely moved on to the point-of-care tests?

Vice President Pence. The answer is yes, now through the new system.

Ambassador Birx. So, even todayâwhich is, I have to say, coming out of laboratories and developed tests and worked on vaccines and then gone to the field to actually combat epidemicsâit is disappointing to me right now that we have about 500,000 capacity of Abbott tests that are not being utilized. So they are out. They're in the states. They're not being run and not utilized.

[*Ambassador Birx continued her remarks, concluding as follows*.]

So right now there's over a half a million tests sittingâcapacityâthat are not being utilized.

So we're trying to figure out: How do we inform States about where these all are? How do we

work through every laboratory association so they're aware? And how do we raise awareness so people know that there's point of care, there's Thermo Fisher, there's Abbott testing, and there's Roche? And if you add those together, that's millions of tests a week.

The President. And they're not being reported.

Ambassador Birx. And they're notâand so those are theââ

The President. They're there. They're used, but they're not being reported.

Ambassador Birx. Or they're not even being used. So that's what's reallyâso that's what we're working on.

Q. So why aren't they being used?

Q. What's the reason they're being used?

Ambassador Birx. Because when people get used to a single platform, they keep sending it back to that lab. So it's getting in a queue to wait to get on a Roche machine, rather than being moved to this other lab that may have Abbott capacity. Because they're all in different laboratories. And soââ

Q. So how do you break that bottleneck?

Ambassador Birx. I thinkâwell, actually, Admiral Giroir is figuring it out, to really create some kind of visual so that every Governor and every health commissioner can see all of their capacity in their countriesâI mean, in their States, county by county, so that they know where the tests are.

So we pushed a lot of tests out, but they're not all being utilized. And soââ

The President. I mean, it's up to the people when they don't send them back. I mean, they use them, but they don't send them back.

And, Doctor, go ahead, please.

Director Fauci. No, I mean, IâDr. Birx explained it very, very well.

I just want to get back, John, to your question. It's a logical question. When you look at the number, you want to know what the demography is going to be.

This is a number that we need to anticipate, but we don't necessarily have to accept it as being inevitable. And that's getting back to what I'm saying about we can influence this to varying degrees. And if we influence it to the maximum, we don't have to accept that. That's something we need to anticipate, but I want to doânot I, all of us want to do much, much better than that.

Prediction Models for Fatalities Due to Coronavirus

Q. Well, I mean, on that front, what do the models suggest is on the low end if you have full mitigation?

The President. Well, it says. It says between 100- and 200,000.

Ambassador Birx. That was full mitigation.

Director Fauci. Yes, that wasâthat was full mitigation.

Q. Well, Mr. President, it says 200,000. It says 200,000.

The President. It says 100- to 200,000. Anythingâit's a lot of people, right? It's a lot of people.

Well, you didn't ask the other question. What would have happenedâbecause this is the question that I've been asking Dr. Fauci and Dr. Birx for a long time, and they've been working on this for a long time. The question is: What would have happened if we did nothing? Because there was a group that said: "Let's just ride it out. Let's ride it out." What would have happened? And that number comes in at 1.5 to 1.6 million people, up to 2.2 and even beyond. So that's 2.2 million people would have died if we did nothing, we just carried on our life.

Now, I don't think that would have been possible, because you would have had people dying all over the place. This would not have been a normal life. How many people have even seen anybody die? You would have seen people dying on airplanes. You would have been seeing people dying in hotel lobbies. You would've seen death all over.

So I think, from a practical standpoint, that couldn't have been carried out too far.

Q. But I guessââ

The President. But if you did nothing, on the higher side, the number would be 2.2 and maybe even more, and on the lower side, 1.6 million people.

[*Director Birx and Ambassador Fauci responded to several questions from reporters. The President then continued the briefing as follows*.]

Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S.

Q. Mr. President, I just wanted to get your thoughts on facemasks.

The President. Yes.

Q. We asked you about this yesterday, and you signaled you were thinking about it.

The President. Just to end the last topic thoughâI think I can say this because I spoke to Dr. Birx before and to Dr. Fauci. For whatever reason, New York got off to a very late start. And you see what happens when you get off to a late start. New Jersey got off toâand I think both Governors are doing an excellent job, but they got off to a very late start.

When you look at Washington State, if you remember, that all started in a very confined nursing home. And you had 20-some-odd people, I believe, dying in one home. That doesn't mean it escaped that home. And so they have a very different statistic than other States.

But, I mean, I remember it very vividly, the nursing home in Washington State where you had many people dying. Every day people were dying in the one exact location. So they were able to keep that, relatively speaking, into that location.

Coronavirus Statistics in the U.S./Economic Stimulus Legislation

Q. Were you surprised when you saw those numbers, sir?

Q. But on the facial coverage?

The President. One second. Steve.

Q. Were you surprised when you saw these projections? The numbers are sobering.

The President. They're very sobering, yes. When you see 100,000 people, that's aâand that's at a minimum number.

Now, what we're looking atâand as many people as we're talking aboutâwhatever we can do under that number and substantially under that number, we've done that through really great mitigation. We've done that through a lot of very dedicated American people that, you know, 100,000 is, according to modeling, a very low number.

In fact, when I first saw the numberâand I asked this a while agoâthey said it's unlikely you'll be able to attain that. I think we're doing better than that. Now, I think. We have to see. But I think we're doing better than that. Because, as John said, that would be, you know, a lot of lives taking place over a relatively short period of time.

But think of what would have happened if we didn't do anything. I mean, I've had many friends, businesspeople, people with great, actually, common senseâthey said, "Why don't we ride it out?" A lot of people have said. A lot of people have thought about it. "Ride it out. Don't do anything, just ride it out and think of it as the flu." But it's not the flu. It's vicious.

When you send a friend to the hospital, and you call up to find out how is he doingâit happened to me, where he goes to the hospital, he says goodbye. He's sort of a tough guy. A little older, a little heavier than he'd like to be, frankly. And you call up the next day: "How's he doing?" And he's in a coma? This is not the flu.

So we would have seen things had we done nothing. But for a long while, a lot of people were asking that question, I think, right? I was asking it also. I mean, a lot of people were saying, "Well, let's just ride it out." This is not to be ridden out, because then you would have been looking at potentially 2.2 million people or moreâ2.2 million people in a relatively short period of time.

If you remember, they were looking at that concept. It's a concept, I guess. You know, it's concept if you don't mind death, a lot of death. But they were looking at that in the U.K. Remember? They were very much looking at it. And all of a sudden, they went hard the other way because they started seeing things that weren't good. So they wereâyou know, they put themselves in a little bit of a problem.

Now, Boris tested positive, and I hear he'sâI hope he's going to be fine. But in the U.K., they were looking at that. And they have a name for it, but we won't even callâwe won't even go by the name. But it would've beenâit would have been very catastrophic, I think, if that would have happened.

But that was something that everybody was talking about, Steve, like: "Just don't do anything." "Don't do anything. Forget about everything. Just ride it out." They used the expression, "Ride it out." We would have had, at a minimum, 1.5, 1.6, but you would have had perhaps more than 2.2 million people dying in a very short period of time. And that would have been a number thatâthe likes of which we've never seen.

So now when we look at our package that we just approved for $2 trillion, all of a sudden, it seems very reasonable. Right? When you're talking about 2 million lives, all of a sudden, it seems very reasonable. I must say, a lot of people that have been seeing the more advanced numbersâ because these are much more advanced numbers now. You know, when you first started, we didn't know, and this was a different kind of a virus. And nobody knew that much about it, even the experts. You don't really know where it's going. But then, they see what goes on in Italy, and they see what goes on in Spain, and you see France is having a very hard time. And other countries having a very, very hard time. But once they see what's going on, they start making projections.

So I hope they're going to be very high projections, but based on everything else, that would be the number. Let's see if we can do much better than that. I hope we can.

Yes, John.

Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S.

Q. What about masks? You didn't answer her question about masks.

The President. Ohââ

Q. Yes. Masks. Yes, what's your recommendation?

The President. Okay.

Q. I understand there's an issue with supplies, butââ

The President. That's right.

Q. ââif there wasn't enough for an emergency room?

The President. Well, it'sâthat's right. You know, you can use a scarf. A scarf isâ everybodyâa lot of people have scarves, and you can use a scarf. A scarf would be very good. And Iâmy feeling is, if people want to do it, there's certainly no harm to it. I would say do it, but use a scarf if you want, you know, rather than going out and getting a mask or whatever.

We're making millions and millions of masks, but we want them to go to the hospitals. I mean, one of the things that Dr. Fauci told me today is, we don't want them competing. We don't want everybody competing with the hospitals where you really need them.

So you can use scarves. You can use something else over your face. It doesn't have to be a mask. But it's not a bad idea, at least for a period of time. I mean, eventually, you're not going to want to do that. You're not going to have to do that. This is going to be gone. It will be gone.

Hopefully gone for a long time.

Please.

Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S./New York City

Q. Mr. President, the mitigation steps that are on your 30-day plan, is that enough? Or is more needed? Have you been discussing that behind the scenes?

The President. Well, we're going to find out. We hope it's enough. We hope it's enough. We hope we're at a level where we can say, "Let's go," because our country wants to get back to work. We really want to get back. Everybody wants to get back to work.

Now, I could ask the doctors to answer that question, but we discuss that all the time. What do you think?

Q. Have they been recommending harsher mitigation steps?

The President. Well, I think we're veryâI think we've been very harsh. I mean, if you look at the streetsâI looked at Fifth Avenue today on camera, and I didn't see anybody walking on the street. And I'm used to watching that streetâyou can't even seeâyou can't see the asphalt, you can't see the concrete. And you look, and there's nobody. There was one car. It looked like it might have been a taxicab. And it was in a time of the morning that normally there'd be a lot of people.

I mean, you know, I think the mitigation has been very strong. Please.

China-U.S. Trade/News Media

Q. Mr. President, will you confirm your plans to defer tariff payments for 90 days? And secondly, onââ

The President. I didn't do anything about tariff payments. I don't know who's talking about tariff payments. They keep talking about tariff payments. And we haven't done that. China is

paying usâwe made a deal with China. Under the deal, they're paying us 25 percent on $250 billion, and they pay it.

And I spoke with President Xi the other day, and he didn't mention that. We didn't mention that. We had a great conversation, by the way. A really productive conversation, having to do with many things. Most of it was on the virus. But you know, we're not talkingââ

Who you are you with? Who are you with?

Q. But if Iâif I could just clarifyââ

The President. Who are you with? Whoa, whoa, whoa. Who are you with?

Q. Wall Street Journal.

The President. Oh.

Q. There's reporting by the Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg that there's a plan in motion toââ

The President. Yes, I knowâthat's incorrect reporting. Well, that might be, but I'm going to have to approve the plan.

Q. ââabsent Chinaââ

The President. The one thing I will tell you: I approve everything. And they haven't presented it to me, so therefore, it's false reporting. So therefore, don't do the story.

If we're going to do something, we'dâI'd be glad to let you know. There's nothing wrong with doing it. But we'll let you know.

Yes, please. A couple in the back, then we'll get back to you, John.

Q. Thank you.

The President. Go ahead.

Florida/Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S.

Q. Thank you, sir. Philip Wegmann with RealClearPolitics. I wanted to ask you about individual States issuing stay-at-home orders.

The President. Good.

Q. What do you thinkâfor instance, in Florida, Ron DeSantis has resisted urges to issue one of those. But he said moments ago that if you and the rest of the Task Force recommended one, that would weigh on him heavily. What sort of circumstances need to be in place for you to make that call and say this is something you should consider?

The President. Different kind of a State. Also, great Governor. He knows exactly what he's doing. Has a very strong view on it. And we have spoken to Ron.

Mike, do you want to just tell them a little bit about that?

Vice President Pence. Well, let me echo our appreciation for Governor DeSantis's leadership in Florida. He's been taking decisive steps from early on and working closely with our team at the Federal level. But let me be very clear on this: The recommendation of our health experts was to take the "15 Days To Slow the Spread" and have the President extend that to 30 days for every American.

[*Vice President Pence continued his remarks, concluding as follows*.]

But for the next 30 days, this is what we believe every American in every State should be doing, at a minimum, to slow the spread.

The President. So unless we see something obviously wrong, we're going to let the Governors do it. Now, it's obviously wrong. I mean, people can make thingsâthey can make a decision that we think is so far out that it's wrong, we will stop that. But in the case of Governor DeSantis, you know, there's two thoughts to it and two very good thoughts to it. And he's been doing a great job in every respect, so we'll see what happens. But we only would exercise if we thought somebody was very obviously wrong.

Go ahead. Your turn.

Gasoline Prices/Russia/Saudi Arabia/Global Oil Markets

Q. Thanks. I had a question in a minute for the Vice President about theââ

The President. Go ahead.

Q. ââthe National Strategic Stockpile. But while you're at the podium, I wanted to ask about your call with President Putin a couple days ago.

The President. Good.

Q. I know a big economic concern for a lot of people has been the state of oil prices right now.

The President. Yes.

Q. So I'm wondering if you raised that with President Putin, if you were able toââ

The President. I did. We had a call.

Q. ââgain any new assurances.

The President. It was probably about that, the oil prices, because, as you know, Russia and Saudi Arabia are going at it. And they're really going at it. And by going at it to the extent that they are, the oil has dropped to a point where Iâlook, it's the greatest tax cut we've ever given, if you look at it that way, because people are going to be paying 99 cents for a gallon of gasoline. It's incredible, in a lot of ways. It's going to help the airlines. But at the same time, it's hurtful to one of our biggest industriesâthat's the oil industry. It's reallyâit's not even feasible, what's going on.

So I spoke to President Putin about that. I also spoke to the Crown Prince about thatâSaudi Arabia.

Q. Did they agree to do anything?

The President. No, I thinkâyes, they're going to get together, and we're all going to get together, and we're going to see what we can do, because you don't want to lose an industry. You're going to lose an industry over it. Thousands and thousands of jobs.

We haveâI don't know if you know, there's oil all over the oceans right now. The boats are all filled. The ships areâthey're renting shipsâships that were dying that weren't doing well and now, like, they'reâthat's where they're storing oil. And they're sent out to sea, and they sit there for long periods of time. There's so much oil. In some cases, it's probably less valuable than water. In some parts of the world, water is much more valuable. So we've never seen anything like it.

But the two countries are discussing it. And I am joining, at the appropriate time, if need be.

We had a great talk with President Putin. We had a great talk with the Crown Prince. We also

discussed more so with President Putin, in this case, the virus, because Russia is being hit pretty hard. And we discussed many thingsâtrade. We discussed a lot of things with both.

But in the case of both, we very much discussed the oil and the oil prices. I mean, if you look, it's $22, but it's really much cheaper than that if you want to negotiate. Nobody has seen that. That's like from the 1950s. It really is. You know, to think that it was $50, $60, $70, $80, and now it's $22. But you know, if you put a good bid in at $9, I think you could probably get what you wanted, right?

John, please. Then Jim.

National Infrastructure Improvement Efforts/Strength of the U.S. Dollar

Q. Mr. President, you tweeted earlier today that now would be a good time to start looking toward, if there is a light at the end of the tunnel, and work on an infrastructure bill.

The President. Yes.

Q. Again, you suggested it should be $2 trillion, which is twice what the last one wasâor the proposal, at least. Are you anticipating that, like after the economic crisis of 2008, 2009, America will need to have so-called "shovel-ready" jobs ready to go to get people back to work?

The President. Well, the problem with that one is, they had maybe shovel-ready jobs, maybe not, but they never used it for the purpose of infrastructure. So far, nobody has been able to find any money that was spent on infrastructure. I want to use it for infrastructure.

And one of the reasons I'm suggesting it, John, is we're paying zero interest. The United States is paying almost zero interest rate. The Federal Reserve lowered the rateâthe Fed rate. And, that, and a combination of the fact that everybody wants to be in the United States.

You know, we have theâa dollar that's very strong. And I know that sounds good, but it does make it hard to manufacture and sell outside because other currencies are falling and our currency is very strong. It's very, very strong. Proportionately, it's through the roof.

So we have a strong dollar. People want to invest in the United States, especially nowadays where they're looking at safety. They have all of the problems, plus the virus at 151 countries.

They all want to come into the United States.

And so we have a zero interest rate, essentially. And I said, "Wouldn't this be a great time to borrow money at zero interest rate and really build our infrastructure like we can do it?"

So the plan wasâthe Republicans had a plan of about 750. I would say they were where?â were at seven-five, where you had the Democrats were a little less than a trillion dollars. The Republicans were a little bit less than that. And I'm suggesting $2 trillion. We redo our roads, our highways, our bridges. We fix up our tunnels which areâmany of them in bad shape, like coming into New York, as you know. Really bad shape. And we really do a job on our infrastructure.

And that doesn't mean we're going to do the Green New Deal, because I won't do it. I won't approve it. We're not going to do the Green New Deal and doâspend, you know, 40 percent of the money on things that people just have fun with.

Infrastructure Improvement Efforts

Q. But how would you pay for it, sir?

The President. We're going to borrow the money at zero-percent interest. So our interest payments would be almost zero, and we can borrow long term. People want to be in the United States. They want to be invested in the United States.

Go ahead, Jim.

Federal Coronavirus Response/Availability of Medical Supplies and Equipment/Federal- State Coordination

Q. I wanted to get back to the virus. You were saying at the beginning of the press conference that you're looking at holding back 10,000 ventilators. Is that because you need to pick and choose where these ventilators are going to have to go because of the nature of the pandemic now spreading?

The President. Right. It's a good question.

Q. And also, I just wanted to askââ

The President. Go ahead.

Q. ââDr. Fauci and Dr. Birx if it's possible, after you finishââ

The President. Yes.

Q. ââis that part of the reason why you're projecting 100,000 to 200,000 deaths? That there are going to be some people who aren't going to be able to get ventilators or be put on a ventilator?

The President. Actually, just the opposite, because we're holding backâwe have almost 10,000, and we're holding, because we're going to need them over the next couple of weeks as the surge goes on. You see the chart. We haven't hit the top yet. And we have to be able to move them immediately. And we can't take them, because it's going to be very hard to do that. We can't take them to places that aren't needing them. Plus, we have requests for ventilators in hospitals and in States and cities that don't need them, in our opinion. They don't need them. They won't need them at the top.

So we're holding it back for flexibility. We actually just took 600, and we sent them to different locations today. But we have close to 10,000. And we'll be able to get themâand we're all set to march. We have the National Guards, and we have FEMA. And we're all set to move them to the places.

So, as per your second question, what we're going to do is save lives because of it. Because otherwise, we would not be able to get to the ventilators. And we don't know what the hottest spotââ

Q. You don't think we have a ventilator shortage right now?

The President. In some areas, we might. But we've done a great job with ventilators, and we're having them madeâunbelievable. We have now 11 companies making ventilators. Now, they'll be starting to arrive in the next week. But we've also grabbed a lot of them. Some hospitals had more than they were saying, or at least more than we knew about, which is a good thing, not a bad thing.

But we want to be able to haveâI guess the word would be "flexibility" so that if the surge turns out to be much stronger in Louisiana, which it could, that we can immediately bring 1,000 or 2,000 to Louisiana.

Vice President Pence. That's right.

The President. Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to get them; we wouldn't be able to say, "Listen, Governor Cuomo in New York, we want to take ventilators away from New York," and they'll say, "Well, we can't do that." It would be a disaster. So we have great flexibility.

Now, when the surge occurs, if it occurs fairly evenly, we'll be able to distribute them very quickly before they need them. But we want to haveâwe have a reserve right now. It's like having oil reserves, except more valuable, frankly. But we have a reserve right now. And we'll be ableâand we also have a great team of people ready to deliver. They can move them fast. So when we see it going up in a certain Stateâand Louisiana could be one, and Michigan could be another with Detroit, because Detroit is having a lot of hard time right now. Detroit came out of nowhere. And that's what happens with this. It comes out of nowhere.

So we are ready, Jim, depending on what happens, and we have a stockpile. And that's why it's called a stockpile. Now, a lot of the ventilators and a lot of the other equipment, rather than sending it to the stockpile, we had it sent directly to a hospital, to a location, to a place. So we didn't have the cumbersome nature of having it come in, unboxed, put in, and then delivered. We have it broughtâwhich they've never done before. They don't do that. Generally speaking, they don't do that. But we've hadâI think, Mike, we've had tremendous success at doing that. That's for other items, including ventilators, where it's brought to the site that needs it.

But we have a good supply of ventilators, and we're ready to go. We're all ready. We'reâwe have trucks ready. We have everything ready. Because, as we're saying, John, this could be a hell of a bad 2 weeks. This is going to be a very bad 2 and maybe even 3 weeks. This is going to be 3 weeks like we haven't seen before.

Q. And should the hospitals be prepared for that? We're hearingââ

The President. Well, I think the hospitalsââ

Q. ââsome hospital workers are saying that they're facing what looks like a medical war zone in some of these places.

The President. Yes. They are going to be facing a war zone. That's what it is.

Q. What about theââ

The President. I've heard some of the paramedics and some of the doctors, they said they wereâthey've been in war zones, they've been inâthey've never seen anything like this.

You look at Elmhurst Hospital in QueensâI've never seenâI mean, I lookâI just think it's soâbecause that's a hospital that's near where I grew up. And it is a war zone, in a true sense.

Yes. Please.

Federal Coronavirus Response/Availability of Medical Supplies and Equipment/Federal- State Coordination

Q. Yes, on the ventilators. So we've been hearing from Governors who say they are fighting amongst themselves, essentially bidding amongst themselves to get these ventilators.

The President. They shouldn't be doing that. If that happens, they should be calling us. Look, we have ventilators, but we've distributed thousands of ventilators. But they shouldn't be doing that.

And if they need them that badly, we know. We have pretty good ideas of where they're going to need them. Some people, frankly, think they need them, and they don't need them. I don't want to mention names, but there are some people that want them, and it's really not the right thing. Then, you have some people that, I guess, automatically hoard a little bit. They want to have more than they think they need.

But you know, a ventilator is a very precious piece of equipment right now. It's hard to make. It takes a long time to make it. It's complex. Some of them are like the dashboard of an

airplane. I mean, they're very complicated and very expensive machines, and some are much simpler. But we're ready to go, depending on what happens.

But we have some hospitals and some States that think they need ventilators, and we don't think they do. Now, if they do need them, we will have them there before they need them. We'll be able to move very quickly.

Q. What about theââ

Q. So you're confident thenââ

Possible Coronavirus Treatment and Therapies

Q. What about the hydroxychloroquine? Is there any early data on these trials?

The President. Nothing that I've heard. I mean, that's the first question I make every morning. I'll tell you, I call upâyou know, we have 1,100â1,100 in New York right now. And we have other locations where they'reâwhere patients, people are taking them.

Now, the good news is, it's only 3 days. And you know, it's like a 7- or 8-day treatment. The good news is, we haven't heard anything bad. In other words, there have been no catastrophic events.

But we haven'tâit's a little bit too soon to talk about it. It would be a total game changer, John, if that happened. If that happened, it would be a game changer. And we include thatâin that, and, I think, in all cases, the Z-Pak. You know what the Z-Pak is. So we're going to see what happens with the hydroxychloroquine.

Q. Mr. Presidentââ

Q. Are there otherâare there otherââ

Q. Could I ask about the stockpile? The President. Yes, just one second. Steve, go ahead.

Possible Coronavirus Treatment and Therapies/Coronavirus Vaccine Development

Q. Are there other antiviral drugs that areâthat have some promise of working soon?

The President. We're looking at a lot of them. We're looking at a lot of them. Some show promise.

Q. I mean, how soonââ

The President. I think maybe the doctor might want to speak about the vaccines because a lot ofâJohnson & Johnson is advancedâvery advanced. We'll see what happens. The one thing with the vaccine is youâit doesn't help this group, because this group, it'sâyou know, you need to test the vaccine.

The one thing with the drug you just mentionedâright?âis that that's been out. It's a malaria drug and also an arthritis drug. So it's been out there for a long time. A very powerful drug. But it's been out there for a long time. So it's tested in the sense that you know it doesn't kill you.

But you may want to discuss the vaccines for a second, Doctor. Go ahead.

Director Fauci. Thank you, Mr. President. But just for a secondâbefore the vaccineâin answer to your question, Steve: There are a number of candidates. The drugs that are now being looked at in various waysâeither compassionate use, clinical trialsâare generally drugs that

already exist for other things. There's a whole menu of drugs and interventions that are now going into clinical trials that are not approved for anything yet.

I mean, for example, things like immune serum, convalescent plasma, or hyperimmune globulin or monoclonal antibodiesâa variety of other things. Right now there's a lot of activity going on behind the scenes in the design of the kinds of clinical trials that will give us an answer. Because you need an answerâbecause if it doesn't work, you want to get it off the table and go to the next one. So there are a lot of things. Vaccineââ

Q. How long does that normally take? Is that weeks? Months?

Director Fauci. Yesâno, it takes at least months. At least months. At least. So, I mean, that's the reason why you're seeing a lot of activity with drugs that already exist for other purposes, because they're already there. But the drugs that you want to show in a good randomized clinical trial, at very best, they're going to take months.

Just one word on the vaccine. You know, exactly like we said: We hope that as we get into the summer, if in fact there are cases out there, when you're in a phase two or phase three trialâ or 2/2B, as we call itâthat we might get an early efficacy signal. And an efficacy signal means that even though you haven't definitively proven that a vaccine works, you get enough information that if it were an emergency, you might be able to have an emergency use authorization for it.

Q. That sounds good.

The President. And I have to say this: Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycinâwhich is, you know, you take it with it, maybe, if you want, for the infectionâI think some medical workers are doing that, using it maybe or getting it prescribed perhaps asâfor another use. But the word is that some are, and some aren't.

I mean, I think it's not a bad idea to do it, but that's up to the doctors. But there is a theory going around that in our country and some other countries, people are taking thatâthat work in the hospitals, that work with the patientsâbecause there is some evidence. And, again, it's going to have to be proven. It's very early.

You know, we're rushing this stuff through. This was supposed to take a long time to be approved, and I prevailed upon the FDA to get it approved immediately on the basis that it was already on the market for a lot of years for another use: malaria, mostlyâand arthritisâbut mostly malaria.

So we'll see what happens. But there is a theory out there that for the medical worker, a doctor, it may work. It may work. And if you take it, it'sâyou know, it's been out there for a long time.

Please, go ahead.

Federal Coronavirus Response/Availability of Medical Supplies and Equipment/Federal- State Coordination

Q. Mr. President, I just wanted to go back to Jim's question about the National Stockpile. The Governor of Connecticut todayââ

The President. About which?

Q. The National Strategic Stockpile. The Governor of Connecticut, today, said that he was disturbed to learn that the stockpile is now empty. That's his words. And he saidââ

The President. Well, it's not empty. Let me explain something. What we're doingâand I thought I said it accurately; I certainly meant to. Rather than having it brought into the stockpile, where appropriateâother than certain things, like we have quite a few of the ventilators, which is not a lot when you look at the whole country actually. It sounds like a lot, almost 10,000.

But we're trying to have supply sent directly to the States, because we save a big Stateâwe save a bigâwe don't want medical supplies coming into warehouses all over the place, and then we take them from there and bring them to another warehouse. So we're having it brought from theâideally, from the manufacturer directly to the hospital or the State where it's going.

So we're trying to keep it that way as much as possible. Now, in some cases, we are having it brought. Remember this: We also took over a virtually emptyâand I say it again, just like we had no ammunition in the military, and we had virtually no ammunition. Well, we had very little in medical supplies, too, in our stockpile. So, for the most part, we're trying very hard to have it delivered to the site where they need it.

Yes. Please. Go ahead.

Safety of U.S. Servicemembers/Federal Coronavirus Response/Military Readiness

Q. Thank you, Mr. President. Here, in the United States, domestically, we can practice social distancing. But some of our sailors, specifically on the USS Theodore Rooseveltââ

The President. Yes.

Q. ââthey're not able to. They're in confined spaces. What are your thoughts on that? Should they be offloaded? And then, sir, are you concernedââ

The President. I'm going to let the military make that decision.

Q. Yes, sir. But are you concerned about U.S. military readiness during this pandemic? For instance, what would happen if, as reported, China was to increase patrols in the South China Sea? What would your response be?

The President. Well, we're going to see all about that. Don't worry about our military. You know, you saw the military put up a hospital in 3Â½ days with 2,900 bedsâwith a lot of beds.

Nobody has ever seen anything like it. And by the way, that wasn't the only one. It wasn't just at Javits Center; it was at other locations. And now it's Louisiana, and now it's New Jersey, and now it's other places.

One thing that I think is indisputable is, when I watched the Army Corps of Engineers and FEMAâworking with themâbut when I watched the Army Corps of Engineers throw up these hospitalsâand they're complex. I mean, these are incredible buildings, essentiallyâtents and various things. But they did it in such a quickâsuch a short period of time.

And our military is ready like you haven't seen. And you know who the best guests on the different shows are? We watch shows at night. And I think the best guests that I've seen in a long time are the military people, and they've never done it before. I've watched General Semonite, who I deal with a lot. I say, "General, you've got to give us two new hospitals in Louisiana." "Yes, sir." And the next morning, they're building them at 6 o'clock in the morning, and they're up in 3 days.

I think they're the best guests you have. I guess, I'm tired of the other guests, in all fairness.

Q. What kind of message do you have for the sailors?

The President. Okay, Jim, go ahead.

Coronavirus Outbreak in China/Restrictions on Travel From China to the U.S./Coronavirus Statistics in the U.S./Containment Efforts

Q. Yes, sir. This may be an uncomfortable question, but what would the models have looked like, that Dr. Birx and Dr. Fauci showed us, if we had started the social distancing guidelines sooner, in February or January, when China and South Korea were doing those sorts of things?

The President. Well, I'm going to let themââ

Q. I know China is not reliableââ

The President. I'm going to let them answer that.

Q. ââin terms of whatââ

The President. Yes.

Q. ââinformation we're getting from them. But if we had started these practices sooner, could these models be different right now?

The President. Yes, I'm going to let them answer the question. But remember thisâand again, I say it, and everybody says it. You know who it says it better than anybody, is Dr. Fauci.

I had a decision to make. Maybe it was my biggest decision. China was heavily infected, and thousands and thousands of people were coming from China to the United States. And against the wishesânot even wishes, but they disagreed with the decisionâI made a decision to stop China from coming in.

I took a lot of heat, even from China. They weren't exactly happy. I just made a trade dealâ a big one: $250 billion trade dealâand I'm shortly thereafter saying you can't come into our country. That was a big decision. That was earlier than the dates you're talking about. So that was a big decision. That was probablyâand by the way, not because I did it; that was probably the biggest decision we made so far.

But if you look at the one graph, the problem New York has is, New York started late, but the other ones didn't start so late. Now, New York is also more complicated, because, you know, for obvious reasons, but it got a late start. But do you want to maybe answer those questions?

Ambassador Birx. I thinkâI don't know if you can go back to slide two because I wanted to explain two things that I think is really important because we had a lot of questions about mortality and what it meant.

[*Ambassador Birx continued her remarks, concluding as follows.*]

And I think that's what Dr. Fauci and I are very, very focused on, is getting serology testing out there to really figure out when it came and really have those samples to be able to do that.

Q. Because you understand the painful part of my question, and please, I don't mean to put you on the spot. Butââ

Ambassador Birx. No, we understand, but we can't answer it untilââ

Q. But there may be Americans at homeââ

Ambassador Birx. Yes. Until we see that.

Q. ââsaying, "If we had started this sooner, we might not have 100,000 to 200,000 Americans dying."

Ambassador Birx. Well, that makes an assumption that it was hereâa lotâthere was a lot back here that we didn't see. And until we have the antibody test, I can't really answer that.

Director Fauci. Just to underscore what Dr. Birx was saying: If there was no virus in the background, there was nothing to mitigate. If there was virus there that we didn't know about, then the answer to your question is probably yes.

Now, the only trouble with that is that whenever you come out and say something like that, it always becomes almost a soundbite that gets taken out of context.

But I think that it's very important what Dr. Birx has saidâis that if there was covert infections here that we didn't know about and we didn't mitigate them, then they would have made a difference. If there was virtually nothing there, then there's nothing to mitigate. And I don't know the answer to your question.

The President. But they were early. They started early.

Q. But we were watching NorthâSouth Korea, excuse me, and China and Italy, and we weren't taking action when those countries were spiking.

Director Fauci. Right, sure. In a perfect world, it would have been nice to know what was going on there. We didn't. But I believe, Jim, that we acted very, very early on that.

Federal Coronavirus Response/Restrictions on Foreign Travel to the U.S.

Q. But if we had adequate testing, would we have known?

The President. Yes. We would have known the same thing. We inherited obsolete tests.

Vice President Pence. Can I speak to that too, as well? The President made reference to the fact, January 31, he suspended all travel from China. Shortly thereafter, we issued strong travel advisories for the sections of Italy implicated and sections of South Korea, and we reached agreements with those countries to screen all passengers from all airports coming into the United States of America.

[*Vice President Pence continued his remarks, concluding as follows.*]

And so make no mistake about it: While we're going to work our hearts out, leave no stone unturned to find the resources, the masks, the ventilators that we needâand we are going to meet that moment with the full energy of the American economy and the whole of the American Governmentâthe American people have a role to play in preserving that medical capacity in a way that will ensure that people that are caught up in the coronavirus, particularly those that are vulnerable to the most serious outcomes, which are seniors with serious underlying health conditions or anyone with an immunodeficiency, have the resources, the support, and the health care that every American family would want their loved one to have.

Q. A question for Dr. Fauci, Mr. President?

The President. But I do think we were very early, but I also think that we were very smart because we stopped China. We had never done that before. You know, we had never closed our borders before, as I readâI read. I don't know, maybe that's not right.

And Dr. Fauci had also said that was aâthat wasâI think it was maybe the biggest moment because we were stopping the source. We were stopping the infection. But we also stopped Europe very shortly thereafter. That was a big decision. That was not an easy decision, either. I stopped them a long time before people started stopping anyone. So we stopped China. We stopped Europe. We stopped all of Europe. And then ultimately, we stopped U.K., Ireland.

Yes. In the back. The very back.

Q. Well, sirââ

The President. Please.

Possible Coronavirus Treatment and Therapies

Q. Mr. President and the team, going back to hydroxychloroquine, how many clinical trial tests, numerically, would you like to see before you put a stamp of approval on it? Because it'sâ there are clinical trials beingâtaking place around the world right now.

The President. You could answer that, please. Sure, please.

Q. Is there a number? How many cases would you like to see?

Director Fauci. Yes. That is an FDA decision and it really depends on a variety of factors. What I would like to see: a clinical trial that has a comparison to something that is comparable to what it means without the drug.

I mean, I keep saying it. I say it all the time, and I'll say it again: It's a controlled trial that compares it to something meaningful. When thatââ

Q. Are there particular trials that you're watching taking place around the world right now?

Director Fauci. Well, there are a number of trials going on, not only in the United States, but also in other parts of the world.

And you know, right now it's too early to make any determination, but I just want to get back to what I say all the time: The definitive way that you get an answer is by doing a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

Q. Dr. Fauci, on social distancing. Or Mr. Presidentââ

Q. Mr. Presidentââ

The President. Yes, please. Go ahead.

Q. [Inaudible]

The President. You're talking about the chloroquine? Is that what you're talking about? Inâ specifically, per the last question?

Q. Yes. Hydroxychloroquine.

The President. Yes. No, there are trials going on. But there are also trials going onâwe're trying them on people that are now sick. That's a very importantâthat's a very important trial, to me.

Q. But we know that there are cocktails being experimented with around the world. So my question was really, like: Are there specificââ

The President. We're watching whatever happens around the world. We're watching those trials very closely. Yes.

Impeachment/Senate Trial and Vote

Q. Mitch McConnell had a line today. He was onââ

The President. Mitch?

Q. Mitch McConnell. Yes. He said that impeachment diverted the attention of the Government. Do you think that, in any way? This was happening and building at the same time. Did it divert your attention or your team's attention or the Vice President's attention?

The President. Well, I don't like to think I did. I think I handled it very well, but I guess it probably did. I mean, I got impeached. I think, you know, I certainly devoted a little time to thinking about it, right?

Q. [Inaudible]âdivert attention from the pandemic?

The President. So, but think of it: It was a hoax. It was a total hoax. And when you think that I got impeached only, because they had a majority in the House. They didn't get oneâthey didn't get one Republican voteâ196 to nothing. Not one Republican. It'sâI don't think it's ever happened. The Republicans stuck together and they stuck together in the Senateâ52 to a half. A half.

So you know, when you say thatâyes, I think it took a lot ofâI see them going and saying about speed. Well, they probably illegally impeached me in the sense that, if you look at the FBI todayâwith what happened, the horrible thingsânobody cares about that now because all they're thinking about is the virus, and that's okay with me.

But you look at the report that came out from IG Horowitz; it's disgraceful what went on. It's disgraceful. It's a total disgrace. They got caught in the act. But you know what? We won't talk about that now. Did it divert my attention? I think I'm getting A-pluses for the way I handled myself during a phony impeachment. Okay? It was a hoax.

But certainly, I guess, I thought of it. And I think I probably actedâI don't think I would have done any better had I not been impeached. Okay? And I think that's a great tribute to something; maybe it's a tribute to me. But I don't think I would have acted any differently, or I don't think I would have acted any faster.

But the Democrats, their whole life, their whole being, their whole existence was to try and get me out of office any way they can, even if it was a phony deal. And it was a phony deal. And it turned outâand all you have to do is look today at the FBI reports. Take a look at what the FBI did. Take a look at the people. Take a look at Comey's reportâ78 pages of total kill. Take a look at that. Take a look at the report on McCabe. Just read it, and you'll see how horrible it was. And you know what? I don't think this country is going to take it, if you want to know the truth.

Q. Was there some call you would have had time to make? Is thereâhow did it take you out of the game?

Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S.

Q. What guidance are you offering to Florida when it comes to the two Holland America cruise ships that are seeking to dock here? Many are sick andââ

The President. Yes. Well, I'll be speakingâI'm going to beâin fact, he has a call in to me and we'll be speaking toâwe'll be speaking to the Governor, and we'll be speaking to him soon.

But there's a caseâwe have two ships. There are people that are sick on the ship. And we don't want to beâlike, they're going to be ghost ships. You know, people turn those ships away.

There was a ship, as you know, in a certain part of Asia, and, from port to port, nobody would take it. But in the meantime, you have people that are dying on the ship or at least very sick, but they're dying on the ship.

Q. So what is theââ

The President. So I'm going toâyou know, I'm going to do what's right, not only for us, but for humanity. I mean, these are two big ships, and they have a lot of very sick people. And I'll be speaking toâI'll be speaking to the Governor.

Q. Mr. Presidentââ

The President. Let's do just a couple of more back here. Yes, go ahead please. We'll getâ we'll getâgo ahead please.

Q. Thank you very much. I was hoping you couldââ

The President. Do you ever run out of questions, you people? [Laughter] It's the most unbelievable thing. You go through the roomââ

Q. Soââ

The President. But I have nothing else to do. So if you want usâI mean, if you want. Should we keep it going, John? I think so. Let's go.

Federal Coronavirus Response/Availability of Medical Supplies and Equipment/New York

Q. Would you clarify something for me, please? Andrew Cuomo, today, said that the system that you have, where Governors are trying to get ventilators, "It's like being on eBay with 50 other States bidding on a ventilator," plus FEMA. And then, you just said tonight, "They shouldn't be doing that."

The President. You mean he wasâhe was complaining?

Q. Well, he saidââ

The President. Say it. Say it. What did he say exactly? What did say? Go ahead.

Q. He said that when you have States competing for ventilators and medical care, "It's like being on eBay with 50 other States bidding on a ventilator," plus FEMA.

The President. Well, he shouldn't be complaining because we gave him a lot of ventilators.

And if you take a look at the chartâit's downâbut I wish he got going a little bit sooner.

But we gave him a lot of ventilators. And you know what? He has a lot of ventilators. The problem is: With some people, no matter what you give, it's never enough. It's never enough. Like, they'll say, "How's Trump doing?" And you're a Democrat. Some of them said, "Really good." I'll tell you, Gavin Newsom, from Californiaâwho is doing a good job, by the wayâand others said, "Really good."

But you know, generally, your natural reflexâ"How's Trump doing?" You ask that question to a Democrat. "Uh, well, uh, we don't like it." "Oh, really? You don't like it?" We're getting very high marks. But I'm not doing this for marks; I'm doing this to save lives.

When John actedââ

Q. [Inaudible]

The President. Wait. When John saw the numbers and when Jim saw those numbers, they're shocking numbers. You know, you're talking about deaths. Even at the low end, you were shocked when you see 100- and 120,000 and 200,000 people over, potentially, a very short period of time. I want to save lives. I'm not doing this for any other reason. I want to save lives.

But the Governor of New York has gotten, I think, maybeâprobably has gotten more than anybody. He's gotten four hospitals. He's gotten four medical tents. He's gotten a ship, the likes of which nobody has ever seen beforeâother than Los Angeles, which has the twin.

I mean, we've done a lot. But many ventilators were sent to New York. And Mayor de BlasioâI'm getting along with Mayor de Blasio great, and I think he's very happy with the job we're doing too. And we're sending a lot ofâactually, Mayor de Blasio had an interesting request. He wanted people. And we're sending medical people.

You know, a lot of peopleâa lot of the States aren't having a problem with ventilators; they're having a problem getting medical people. And we're sending a lot of people inâmilitary, very talented people.

Who didn't go?

Q. Excuse me.

The President. Go ahead, and then I'll do you second.

Q. Sir, your response to that question wasââ

Q. Thank you. You mentioned Gavin Newsomââ

Q. Your response to that question earlier was that they shouldn't be doing that. They need something, we'llâif they need them that badlyââ

The President. They shouldn't be doing what?

Q. Competing against each other.

Q. They shouldn't beâthe Governors shouldn't be competing with each for ventilators.

The President. No, they shouldn't be competing. And they should call us.

Q. So are you sayingââ

The President. Wait. No, I don't want them to compete, because all they're going to do is drive up the price. I don't want them to compete. They should be calling us. And we can work it so they get the ventilators, and they get shipped directly.

If they're competing, if they're callingâeven if there's only two of them calling, they're going to just drive up the price. Because as nice as some of the people that do ventilators, they do want to make money. Okay?

Q. So you're saying that you're going to takeâ[inaudible]âoverall?

The President. Now, you know, New York had a chance to buy 16,000 ventilators. I guess they didn't take that option. That was in 2016. And that's a hard option to take, because it's a lot of money and who would ever think you need 16,000 ventilators? Who would ever think it?

But this is a very unique time in life. And I think, you know, I'm dealing with New York, and we're having a very good relationship. And you see what just happened in Central Park with the tents. I mean, we're having a really good relationship.

Go ahead. You didn't get one. And then, we'll go to you.

California/Louisiana

Q. Thank you. Gavin Newsomâyou mentioned Gavin Newsom and the job that he's doing.

The President. Yes.

Q. I'm interested in what you think California has done to contribute to the suppression of the curveââ

The President. Well, they've done a good job, California. Now, let's see what happens because we could have a spike. DoctorsâI mean, you don't know. They could have a spike where, all the sudden, it spikes upward.

We had a coupleâlike Louisiana. I think they're doing a really good job, but they had nothing. Now, they had Mardi Gras, and then, all of a sudden, after Mardi Grasâwhich tells you

about distancing, I guess. I mean, it's aâit's an example of what could happen. But they were like flawless.

I was always surprised. I was looking at Louisiana. And I understand that State. I love that State. And I'm saying, "They're in great shape." Then, they have Mardi Gras. It was a big success, tremendous success. And then, all of a sudden, it went like a rocket ship. So that tells you about distancing.

Please.

Q. Are you concerned, though, about the homeless population in California, because I know California officials think that it could spread like wildfire. And obviously, there's a homelessââ

The President. Say it again. Louder.

Q. There's a homelessness crisis in California.

The President. Yes, there is.

Q. They're obviously concerned that it could spread like wildfire in that community. So is there anything the administration is doing?

The President. Well, they're looking at that very strongly. And I know that it'sâit bothers Gavin. I don't know if it bothers Nancy Pelosi, but she's got it in her district at a very high level.

They have to be very careful. They have a very big homeless population in an area which, just a few years ago, didn't have anybody in those areas. And they're living in the streets.

And they'reâI know that some people in California are working on that very hard.

Global Coronavirus Outbreak/France-U.S. Relations

Q. Mr. President, you spoke several times with Prime Minister Trudeau, President Macron. And at the end of last week, President Macron talked about an important initiative that you and him would launch. Any news on that?

The President. No, we're talking about something that will be very positive for the world if we do it. We'll see if we do it or not.

Q. What form would it take?

The President. Well, I don't want to talkâit'sâit's a private thing, but it will become public if we decide to do it, but positive. Our relationship with the President, our relationship with France is, you know, I think extraordinary, very good, probably as good as it's ever been.

Jim.

Global Coronavirus Outbreak/The President's Sense of Optimism/Restrictions on Foreign Travel to the U.S./Federal Coronavirus Response

Q. Back to your comments about what could have happened and the actions that you took. Is there any fairness to the criticism that you may have lulled Americans into a false sense of securityââ

The President. No.

Q. ââwhen you were saying things like, "It's going to go away"ââ

The President. Well, it is.

Q. ââand that sort of thing. Butââ

The President. Jim, it's going away.

Q. But when you were saying it was going to go awayââ

The President. It's going to go away, hopefully, at the end of the month. And, if not, hopefully it will be soon after that.

Q. But hasn't your thinking on this evolved?

The President. Oh, it is goingâJim, it is going away.

Q. Hasn't your thinking on this evolved? You're taking it more seriously now.

The President. I think, from the beginning, my attitude was that we have to give this countryâI know how bad it was. All you have to do is look at what was going on in China. It was devastation. And all you haveâlook at the numbers from China, those initial numbers coming out from China.

But you know, I read an article today, which was very interesting. They say: "We wish President Trump would give more bad news. Give bad news." I'm not about bad news. I want to give people hope. I want to give people a feeling that we all have a chance. I meanââ

Q. But myââ

The President. ââwhen you sawâwhen you saw the numbers and when John and all of you saw those numbersâand you're saying, "120,000 people? You mean, that's good?" A hundred thousand dead people within a short period of time. I want to give people a feeling of hope. I could be very negative. I could say: "Wait a minute, those numbers are terrible. This is going to be horrible." This is a horrible thing.

Q. Is it possible that people heard what you were sayingââ

The President. Hey, Jim, thisââ

Q. ââlast month and said, "Okay, let's go to the beach, let's go to the airport, let's go down to Mardi Gras."

The President. Well, there were a lot of peopleââ

Q. "Let's go do those things."

The President. There were a lot of people that could have said that. We didn't say that.

Fortunately, I didn't say that. And that was an alternative. We talked about it. That was always an alternative. That's what I said. "Let it rip, let it ride. Do nothing." And we could have had 2.2 million dead people, more than that, because I didn't do that.

And we did catch it early. And we stopped China really early, and we stopped Europe really early, because I saw what was happening. What happened is, I stopped Italy, because Italy was really heavily infected. We started off with certain parts of Italy, then all of Italy, then we saw Spain. Then, I said: "Stop Europe. Let's stop Europe. We have to stop them from coming here." Europe. I love Europe, but they were having problems.

I don't think anybody did a better job than that, especially when you see the 2.2 million number. And I hope we're going to be substantially under the numbers that you're looking at on the minimum side. Then, I think we will haveâhey, look, it's still tremendous death.

Q. You weren't just hoping that it would dissipate, that this would disappear.

The President. I want to be positive. I don't want to be negative. I have toâI'm a positive person. Somebody said, "Oh, I wish he'd be more negative." They literally have that; it's in one of the wonderful newspapers today. "I wish he'd be more negative." Well, this is really easy to be

negative about. But I want to give people hope too. You know, I'm a cheerleader for the country. We're going through the worst thing that the country has probably ever seen.

Look, we hadâthe Civil War, we lost 600,000 people, right? Here's the thing: Had we not done anything, we would have lost many times that. But we did something, and so it's going to be, hopefully, way under that. But you know, we lose more here potentially than you lose in World Wars as a country. So there's nothing positive, there's nothing great about it, but I want to give people in this country hope. I think it's very important.

Q. So you knew it was going to be this severe when you were saying, "This is under control" andââ

The President. I thought it could be. I knew everything. I knew it could be horrible, and I knew it could be maybe good. Don't forget, at that time, people didn't know that much about it, even the experts. We were talking about it. We didn't know where it was going. We saw China, but that was it. Maybe it would have stopped at China. We wish we could have killed it in China, but it didn't happen. It started spreading to Europe. It started spreading here. It started spreading all over.

Butâand I'm not blaming anybody. I'm just saying that we have an incredible thing. I think the peopleâour professionals, our military, our Governors, our politiciansâI think they've done an incredible job. I mean, with few exceptions, I think they've done an incredible job. But I don't want to be a negative person. It'd be so much easier for me to come up and say, "We have bad news. We're going to lose 220,000 people and it's going to happen over the next few weeks."

And with that, I did start off by saying today, long before this question, I said: "This is going to be a rough 2 or 3 weeks. This is going to be one of the roughest 2 or 3 weeks we've ever had in our country. We're going to lose thousands of people."

When I see 28, 29 people from the Governor of New Jerseyâ29 people. When you see 173 people died in New York yesterdayâor whatever the number was; I think it was more than that. When you see the kind of numbers that we're witnessing, we've never seen numbers like that. So it's easy to be negative. And then, everybody can be negative, but I'm a cheerleader for our country, and I want it to do a great job so the number can be keptâand I've always said it: I want as few a number of people to die as possible. And that's all we're working on.

Q. I know you don't like the question, but are you now taking responsibilityââ

The President. I don't mind the question.

Q. Do youâdo you mindââ

The President. I don't mind the question. I think it's actuallyââ

Q. Are you now taking responsibility for how things go from this point forward?

The President. I think it's not meant to be. Look, I know you well enough, so it's not meant to be a fair question, but it is a fair question. I think we've done a fantastic job.

Q. Actually, it's meant to be a fair question. Iââ

The President. Okay, fine, I'll accept your word. Look, Jim, I think we've done a great job. We're going to see how it comes out. But when you look at minimal numbers of 120,000 people, when you look at it could have been 2.2 million people died and more if we did nothingâif we just did nothing, it would have gone up, and it would have come down. As per your statement, it would have been confined. It would have been a similar time, maybe even less time. It would have been violence like we've never seen in this country before.

We had great professionals, great military, really great Governors and politicians. I cannot say enough about what's going on. And as per what you said, I think we're way ahead of schedule, in terms of numbers. I think. I hope. But if we can keep it under the minimum numbers, the country is doingânot meâthe country has done a great job. But I think I've done a really good job of mobilizing. I think Mike Pence has been fantastic. I put him in charge of the Task Force.

We have wonderful people on the Task Force, Jim. Wonderful people.

They'reâthis man was working, literallyâhe had days where he didn't go to bed. He didn't go to sleep. He calledâhe went 24 hours and then started the next day. People don't know the job he did. I didn't even know he was that good of a manager, to be honest with youâMike, okay?

And you know, you never know that about somebody until they're tested under fire. But he saw it very early also. We both did.

They saw it very early. They knew pretty soonâthey probably knew sooner than anybody because that's what they study, that's what they do. Must be a depressing business, right? Must be a little bit depressing, but they've seen it all.

Go ahead, John.

Q. Can I ask Dr. Fauci a question about a headline that's been running all day to get his perspective on it?

The President. Go ahead.

Q. There is a professor from MIT, Dr. Fauci, who suggests that coronavirus can be carried on droplets a distance of 27 feet. Do you buy into that? And if that might be the case, does that suggest that current social distancing guidelines may need to be extended?

Director Fauci. This could really be terribly misleading, John. What it was, was looking at the distance that droplets by speaking, by coughing, or sneezing. So if you go way back and go, "Achoo!" And go like that, you might get 27 feet. [Laughter] Butâso when you see somebody do that, get out of the way. But that's not practical.

The President. There are some people that can do that. I know people that can do that.

Director Fauci. That is not practical, John. I'm sorry, but I was disturbed by that report because that's misleading. That means that, all of a sudden, the 6-foot thing doesn't work. That is a very, very robust vigorous "Achoo" sneeze. That's what that is. And that's not what we're talking about.

The President. Do you want to keep going? Should we keep going? I don't mind.

Q. One more. I have one more, sir.

The President. All right, go ahead. How about over here?

Billy Graham Evangelistic Association President and Chief Executive Officer W. Franklin Graham III

Q. I've got a follow-up on the masks, sir. But, first, you had mentioned Franklin Graham earlierââ

The President. Yes.

Q. ââtalking to him. As you know, his father, Billy Graham, was a trusted spiritual advisor and friend to many Presidents. A lot of your predecessors, in times of national emergency, reached out to pastors and other spiritual counselors. Have you done that during this national emergency?

The President. Well, I never say that, but Franklin Graham is somebody that's very special. I have many very special people. And very many specialâin the evangelical Christian community. You can talk rabbis, you can talk a lot ofâyou know, I have tremendous support from religious leaders. And Franklin Graham, I just spoke to him today for an extended period of time. I told him what a fantastic job you're doing. And he does this; he loves doing it. He loves helping people. And he loves Jesusâthat, I can tell you. He loves Jesus. He's a great gentleman.

Go ahead.

Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S.

Q. Can I ask, on the masks, sirâon the masks, maybe for the doctors?

The President. The what?

Q. On the masks: Is the reason why there's no CDC recommendation for the public to wear masks because they're meant to save and preserve the masks for the medical workers, or is it because the virus is not primarily transmitted through the air?

Ambassador Birx. So there was aâthe CDC does have recommendations on their website about masks that came to the Task Force several weeks ago, about if you're infected wearing a mask, to protect others. And if you can't, you're working with someone who's sick, and you have to be that worker in the householdâbecause remember we want people in the household being taken care ofâthat they should wear a mask.

I know your question is broader than that, and it's just being considered by the Task Force now about whether that recommendation that already exists, relevant to wearing masks, should be altered in any way. So it's still under discussion.

The President. And just about masks, you can get a mask, but you could also doâI mean, most people have scarves, and scarves are very good. And they can use a scarf. And we're only talking about a limited period of time.

Butâand it says in the recommendations, you can useâyou can substitute a scarf for a mask. So if people feel thatâand I think, you know, some people disagree with the mask for various reasons, and some people don't. But you could wear a scarf. You can do the masks if it makes you feel better. We have no objection to it, and some people recommend it.

Let's go backâin the back.

Q. Thank you, Mr. President.

The President. You people never get tired. [Laughter] Look at you.

Q. Never.

The President. And they're still good questions, actually.

Restrictions on Foreign Travel to the U.S./Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S.

Q. Mr. President, again, I'm looking at the cases around the world in Latin America, in the Middle East. And still, you don't want to impose a travel ban for these areas. In Brazil, for instance, the President Bolsonaro, he keeps on being very active with groups. Aren't you afraid that what we're doing here can be threatened by whatââ

The President. You mean you people? You mean you people?

Q. Not here, but I mean the United Statesââ

The President. I mean, you're pretty spread out already. I don't have any moreââ

Q. But you understand what Iââ

The President. I don't think we'll have press conferences anymore. Butâ

Q. I understand whatââ

The President. Look, we're very careful, I'm very careful, personally. Andââ

Q. But the travel banâI mean, aren't you afraid? Aren't youââ

The President. We are looking at numerous countries as they get in a position. Brazil, as an exampleâyou mentioned the President. Brazil had no problem until just a short time ago, and now they're starting to get inflamed. And yes, we are absolutely looking at a ban.

There are two other countries you mentioned. Iran already has a ban. They had, sort of, an automatic ban. In addition to that, they have a ban. So we're looking at certain countries as they become hot.

The President's Schedule

Q. So, Mr. President, you're starting a new 30 days now. What are your plans? Are you going to stay in the White House?

The President. I'll be in the White House.

Q. Are you going to travel at all, or are you shelter in place?

The President. I doubt I'll leave. I wanted to go to the opening of the hospital in New York. And my people couldn't even believe it, that I said it. But I did. I wanted to go. They didn't want me to do it. The Secret Service didn't want me to do it forâyou know, for reasons. I wanted to go to the boat sailing into New York Harbor, but the Governor did a good job of that, and the mayor of New York.

So you know, I'd love to go out. But no, I'll be in the White House. And it's sort of like nerve center, control center. And I think it's importantâyou know, look, you see what happened with Boris Johnson; you see what happened with others. I think it's important that I remain healthy. I really do. So, for the most part, we're staying here. I've canceled many different events, and we'll be staying here, for the most part.

Federal Coronavirus Response

Q. Mr. President, of Tom Frieden, the former Director of the CDC, wrote an article the other day in which he said, what's really needed hereâand he understands the work that the Task Force is doingâis an incident commander to really take command of where everything is going and how things are being coordinated.

The President. We have it. Go ahead. We have it.

Q. Is that something that could be useful in this particular instance?

The President. [Inaudible]âwe have it.

Vice President Pence. His name is Pete Gaynor. He's the Administrator of FEMA. And when the President signed the national emergency declaration, he stood up the National Response Center at FEMA. And now, I can tell you, that when the White House Coronavirus Task Force meets, I'm at one end of the table, and Pete Gaynor and the whole FEMA team are by video conference at the other end of the table.

[*Vice President Pence continued his remarks, concluding as follows.*]

But all the implementation, as we tell Governors literally every day, is happening through FEMA. It's going down to the States through FEMA, and State requests are coming up through Regional Administrators for FEMA and back to the White House forâ[*inaudible*].

Availability of Medical Supplies and Equipment/Coronavirus Testing Technology/State- Level Response From Governors

Q. Mr. Vice President, at the same time, we have 4,000 ventilators that are parked in a warehouse in New Jersey.

The President. No, no. You're wrong.

Q. No, no, but that the case. We also haveâweââ

The President. Excuse me. We moved them out.

Q. I understand.

The President. They could have had them a long time ago, but they didn't need it.

Q. But the question isâthis happened. We also have people not knowing about the new Abbott testing facility or testing system. If there were an incident commander who was in charge of all of that and getting the word out, would that be useful?

The President. John, nobody knew about the new Abbott. It was just brought to life 2 weeks ago. They just came up with it.

Vice President Pence. That's right.

The President. It was an invention that we justâso nobody knew about it. Nobody knew you could even do it. They did an incredible job. Their scientists came up with the idea a week and a half ago. I showed it to you yesterday in a box. I don't think you could do much better than that.

Vice President Pence. If I may, Mr. President, I think your point is well taken. The Abbott Laboratories point-of-contact test was approved Friday. The President announced it in the Rose Garden on Sunday.

The President. We should have done it on Friday..

Vice President Pence. We're socializing that all across the country to every Governor, to laboratories elsewhere. And I have to tell you that this team that the President has assembled, the advisors on the White House Coronavirus Task Force, and then this team at FEMAâwhether it be HHS Deputy Secretary Bob Kadlec, who's coordinating all supplies; whether it be Admiral Giroir, who is literally working with every State on a county-by-county basis to deploy testingâ is impressive.

[*Vice President Pence continued his remarks, concluding as follows.*]

Again, the President's vision here is FEMA's vision, which is in response to a health crisis. It's locally executed, State managed, federally supported. And I have to tell you, we'reâwe're seeing that whole process spinning up every day. And I hope Americans looking on are encouraged by that system. And I know they're hearing from Governors around the country about the flow of resources and testing and supplies. And we'll continue to keep thatâwhat you call an incident command, what we call the Federal Emergency Management Agencyâworking 24/7.

The President. And I have to say this: I've had, in the last less than a week, three Governors call up that truly have disliked me over the yearsâeven before I decided to run for Presidentâ and they said: "I have to tell you, you've done a great job. You and your team have done a great job." These are three Governorsârespectedâvery respected in two cases. And they said, "Like

or not like, you and your team have done an incredible job." And I think they have. I think they've done an incredible job.

Go ahead, please.

Coronavirus Containment Efforts in the U.S.

Q. Mr. President, thanks so much. My first question is on modeling. Was there any kind of White House modeling based on whether or not there would be a national lockdown or some sort of guidance to every single State that they needed to have lockdowns?

The President. Sure.

[*Ambassador Birx responded to a question from a reporter. The President then resumed taking questions as follows.*]

Q. And then, Mr. President, a question on ventilators.

The President. I just want to add, I think the one thing nobody really knew about this virus was how contagious it was. It's so incredibly contagious. And nobody knew that. This is likeâI don't know that anybody has ever seen anything like this. Normally, you'd have to get close and touch and thisâa lot of things have to happen. This is just likeâit's truly invisible and so contagious. And I don't think any doctor knew it at the time. I don't think anybody could have known it. People have not seen anything like this.

Yes, so go ahead.

Federal Coronavirus Response/Availability of Medical Supplies and Equipment/Federal- State Coordination

Q. A question about ventilators. You've talked about the fact that you don't want to see States bidding against each other. The Governor of New York, Andrew Cuomo, said that there should be a Federal system where the Federal Government sets the price, the Federal Government distributes the ventilators. Why not have that kind of system? Why have thisâ[inaudible]âwith States?

The President. Well, essentially, we do. We've distributed thousands of ventilators. And we have now thousands of ventilators, and we're buying them at a good price.

Q. [Inaudible]

The President. And we're actually making them by the thousands. We're making themâyou saw yesterday where Ford is going to have a tremendous number. They're looking to make 100,000 ventilators.

Ford has been great. General Electric Healthcare has been great. General Motors has come a long way. I have to be honest, they were working very hard. We're making thousands and thousands of ventilators.

You know, at the end of thisâand there will beâdon't say I'm optimistic, because I don't want to, you knowâI wouldn't want to do that. But I am optimistic. I'm a very optimistic person.

Q. Is Cuomo mistaken?

The President. Let me tell you, we will have thousands of ventilators. And what I want to do is make sure that we always have plenty for the future. But then, we want to help Italy and France, and other countries that you don't even know about yet, with all of the problems they have, because ventilators are very tough to come by. They're very hard to make. They're very complicated. They're very expensive.

Yes, please.

Q. Thank you, sirââ

New York

Q. Is Governor Cuomo mistaken then?

The President. You canâyou can go ahead. Go ahead.

Q. Is Governor Cuomo mistaken when he's saying that he wants to see this Federal system?

The President. Well, I don't know. You know, I can't take your interpretation of what he said. I don't know what he said. I think he's been reasonably generous, considering he's a Democrat, and I think he'd like to run for President. So I think he's been pretty generous under those circumstances. But he's been very generous to me.

Look, I got him ships, I got hospitals, I got him a lot of things that he never thoughtâhe hit paydirt. Okay? And I've been very generous on ventilators.

If you look, they had 2,000 and 4,000. They had thousands of ventilators in his warehouse, in their warehouse, waiting to be picked up. They never picked them up.

So I'd have to hear it from him, face to face.

Q. So is your message to Governorsââ

The President. Do you want to addâhow about one more, and we'll see you tomorrow? Is that okay? Don't say that I cut it short. You'll say heââ

Q. If you stay long enough, it will be tomorrow. [Laughter]

The President. That's right. It could be almost tomorrow. But you know what? In the meantime, I'm sureâI'm sure people are enjoying it.

No, it'sâI will say this: It's an incredibly dark topic, an incredibly horrible topic, and it's incredibly interesting. That's why everybody isâit'sâthey're going crazy. They can't get enough of it, and they want to be careful. And I guess they're studying it for themselves. They're studying if they get it. A lot of people have it. A lot of people are positive, and they hope for the best.

Because when this gets the wrong person, meaning a person that qualifies, generally speaking, onto the list, it is ravaging. It is horrible.

Go ahead. Well, how about you? In the back.

Potential Further Outbreaks of the Coronavirus/Possible Coronavirus Treatment and Therapies

Q. Thank you. Is there any data to suggest that you're going to see a second wave at the point at which these stay-at-home orders, these lockdownsââ

The President. Well, if we do see a second waveâbecause I've heard Dr. Fauci answer this questionâif we do, we're going to be, I think, very well prepared. And the second wave won't be like the first wave.

And with that, I better let him give you a little bit more to that answer, because I don't want to have him upset with me and say, "I wish you would have answered that question."

Come on, Doctor.

Director Fauci. So when you talk about second wave, I think you really are talking about to two different things that are a little bit different.

[*Director Fauci continued his remarks, concluding as follows.*]

That's that second wave that really is more seasonal than an exacerbation of something that you pull back on.

Q. Dr. Fauciââ

Q. Can I ask youââ

The President. And a lot of very positive things are happening with the therapeutics and drugs of different kinds and the vaccines. I think a lot of very positive things are happening.

Okay. One more.

Q. Mr. Presidentââ

The President. Please, go ahead.

Federal Coronavirus Response/Availability of Medical Supplies and Equipment/Federal- State Coordination

Q. So, under some of the worst-case scenarios, there is a real scarcity problem if you've given out, say, 7,000 ventilators and we've got 10,000 around. So I'm just curious, who isâwho signs off on those life and death decisions before GM and Ford ramp up?

The President. Well, I would sayââ

Q. Who's going to sign off on that?

The President. ââMike Pence, myself, the head of FEMA, some of our generals that are working, that are doing an unbelievableâyou know, we have generals that are working that are unbelievable talents, unbelievable leaders. And it will go through one of three or four people, if it comes down to that. And I hope it doesn't come down to that because I think we're very well equipped.

And it's an honor to be here tonight. I appreciate it. I appreciate your interest. I think there is a great interest in it. And we'll see you tomorrow. We'll see you tomorrow.

Q. Thank you, Mr. President.

Q. Thank you, sir.

The President. Thank you. Thank you very much.

NOTE: The President spoke at 5:30 p.m. in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room at the White House. In his remarks, he referred to Gov. Gretchen E. Whitmer of Michigan; National Security Advisor Robert C. O'Brien; Mr. Graham, in his capacity as president and chief executive officer of Samaritan's Purse; Stanley Chera, founder, Crown Acquisitions; Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom; Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia; Army Corps of Engineers Chief of Engineers and Commanding General Lt. Gen. Todd T. Semonite, USA; Senate Majority Leader A. Mitchell McConnell; Michael E. Horowitz, Inspector General, Department of Justice; James B. Comey, Jr., former Director, and Andrew G. McCabe, former Deputy Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation; and Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi. Vice President Pence referred to Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Health Brett P. Giroir; and Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Preparedness and Response Robert Kadlec. Reporters referred to Gov. Edward M. Lamont, Jr., of Connecticut; Prime Minister Justin P.J. Trudeau of Canada; and Lydia Bourouiba, associate professor of civil and environmental engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The transcript was released by the Office of the Press Secretary on April 1.

Categories: Interviews With the News Media : White House Coronavirus Task Force press briefings.

Locations: Washington, DC.

Names: Birx, Deborah L.; Bolsonaro, Jair Messias; Bourkoff, Aryeh B.; Chera, Stanely; Combes, Michael; Comey, James B., Jr.; Cuomo, Andrew M.; de Blasio, Bill; DeSantis, Ronald D.; Edwards, John Bel; Esser, Patrick J.; Fauci, Anthony S.; Gaynor, Peter T.; Goei, Dexter; Graham,

W. Franklin, III; Horowitz, Michael E.; Johnson, Boris; Macron, Emmanuel; Malone, John; McCabe, Andrew G,; McConnell, A. Mitchell; Muhammad bin Salman bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud, Crown Prince; Murphy, Philip D.; Newsom, Gavin C.; O'Brien, Robert C.; Pelosi, Nancy; Pence, Michael R.; Pompeo, Michael R.; Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich; Roberts, Brian L.; Rutledge, Thomas M.; Semonite, Todd T.; Sievert, Mike; Stephenson, Randall L.; Storey, Jeffrey K.; Vestberg, Hans; Whitmer, Gretchen E.; Xi Jinping*.*

Subjects: Armed Forces, U.S. : Funding; Army, Department of the : U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Brazil : Coronavirus outbreak; Brazil : President; Business and industry : Domestic investment, promotion efforts; Business and industry : Manufacturing industry :: Government and private sector, coordination efforts; Business and industry : Small businesses, promotion efforts; California : Governor; China : Coronavirus outbreak; China : President; China : Trade agreement with U.S.; China : U.S. tariff structure, strengthening efforts; Communications : Broadband and wireless technologies; Communications : News media :: Accuracy and fairness; Communications

: News media :: Presidential interviews; Congress : House of Representatives :: Articles of Impeachment; Congress : House of Representatives :: Speaker; Congress : Senate :: Impeachment vote; Congress : Senate :: Majority leader; Defense and national security : Border security; Diseases : Coronavirus, domestic prevention efforts; Economy, national : Economic concerns; Economy, national : Strengthening efforts; Employment and unemployment : Unemployment rate; Energy : Gasoline, oil, and natural gas costs; Florida : Governor; France : Coronavirus outbreak; France : President; France : Relations with U.S.; Health and Human Services, Department of : National Institutes of Health; Health and Human Services, Department of: Food and Drug Administration; Health and medical care : Experimental drugs and therapies; Health and medical care : Human experimentation and medical ethics; Health and medical care : Medical equipment and supplies; Health and medical care : Research and development; Homeland Security, Department of : Emergency Management Agency, Federal; Housing : Homelessness; Immigration and naturalization : Foreign nationals and refugees, U.S. admission policy; Infrastructure : National improvement efforts; Iran : Coronavirus outbreak; Ireland : Coronavirus outbreak; Italy : Coronavirus outbreak; Justice, Department of : Bureau of Investigation, Federal; Justice, Department of : Inspector General; Louisiana : Governor; Michigan : Governor; Navy, Department of the : Naval hospital ships, deployment; New Jersey : Governor; New York : Governor; Reserve System, Federal; Russia : Coronavirus outbreak; Russia : President; Samaritan's Purse; Saudi Arabia : Crown Prince; Spain : Coronavirus outbreak; State, Department of : Secretary; United Kingdom : Coronavirus outbreak; United Kingdom : Prime Minister; White House Coronavirus Task Force; White House Office : Assistants to the President :: National Security Adviser; White House Office : Coronavirus Response Coordinator; White House Office

: Vice President.

DCPD Number: DCPD202000215.