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1 7/1 audiovisual ais and publications avavailable from the VIMS Sea Grant Marine Education Center I 114 Z Sea Grant Marine Advisorv Services .P6 College of Wihiam and Mary A84P6 Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 A84 ' �i 198o * 19 i*~~~ ~AUDIOVISUAL AIDS AND PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FROM THE I -~~ ~VIMS/SEA GRANT MARINE EDUCATION CENTER compiled by Sue Gammisch A Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point, VA 23062 designed by Kym Young illustrated by Dick Cook cover illustration by Joe Gilley Property of ("c Library This work is the result of research sponsored in part by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Institutional Sea Grant Program, supported by the Office of Sea Grant, NOAA, under Grant No. NA80AA-D-00021. The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. -5,)~~~ ~~ ~U.S. DEPARTMENW Or COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERV'IC-K CENTER Q �2234 SOUTH HOB-ON AVENUE '-._0<~~~ GCHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413 I U U I U I I I I I I I I I Copies of this publication may be ordered for $1.00 each 1 from the Sea Grant Marine Education Center Virginia Institute of Marine Science I Gloucester Point, VA 23062 I I I E This inventory contains 16 mm films, Audio-visual aids are listed in this bro- filmstrips, film loops, slide programs, chure in the following categories: records, and publications available from I VIMS/Sea Grant Marine Education Center. To borrow the audio-visual aids or to CATEGORY PAGE NO. obtain copies of publications write to: 16 mm COLOR FILMS ..1....... I ~~~~~VIMS/SEA GRANT 16 mm SILENT FILMS......... 8 MARINE EDUCATION CENTER 8 mm COLOR FILM LOOPS. .......9 Virginia institute of Marine Science FILMSTRIPS WITH CASSETTES ......10 Gloucester Point, VA 23062 FILMSTRIPS WITH RECORDS .......19 (804)642-2111, Ext. III SLIDE PROGRAMS............21 FILMSTRIPS WITHOUT SOUND.......25 These teaching aids are booked heavily. OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES .......27 Please send your request in as early as RECORDS ...............28 possible, preferably about one month be- STUDY PRINTS.............29 fore the date you want to show the f ilm. PUBLICATIONS.............30 IGive an alternate date because -the film may be already booked for the first date. All audio-visual aids, except for 16 mm films, may be borrowed without charge. I After the last showing, THE FILM SHOULD 16 mm films may be borrowed for $7.50. BE REWOUND ONTO ITS OWN REEL. The f ilm should then be placed in its own shipping Titles in each category are listed alpha- case. Return shipments must be prepaid betically, followed by the running time, I and insured. an annotation and the grade level(s) for which the audio-visual aid is most suit- The attendance record report form is very able. I important. - This form will be shipped in the case with the film. Immediately af- GRADE LEVEL CODE: ter showing, FILL OUT THE FORM AND RETURN I IT IN THE SHIPPING CASE. P Preschool, Primary K-3 E Elementary 4-6 Give the exact address to which the film I Intermediate 7-9 is to be shipped. H High School 10-12 I ~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~A Adult Adult, College Film loans are limited to one week (ex- I clusive of mailing time). 16mm colo fils ALL ABOUT FISH: -MICKEY'S AQUARIUM U ~PROJECT (E,I) 1 Mickey discovers a beautiful Regal Angel- fish during a visit to an aquarium store. cordgrass Mickey work in the store to earn the fish and the aquarium. While working in the store, Mickey learns a lot about fresh- water and marine fish, and soon he has earned enough for the aquarium and his marsh must be preserved as is. This I ~fish. Now Mickey's real adventure be- film, shot in the wetlands of New Jersey, gins; but after setting up his aquarium Virginia and Georgia, explores the con- and caring for his fish for awhile, the flicting points of view. IRegal becomes sick and he is faced with a difficult decision. THE BOUNDLESS SEAS (u,A) 50 minutes (2 reels) THE BEACH - A RIVER OF SAND (Hi,A) 20 minutes The Boundless Seas, Parts I and II, pre- sent a panoramic as well as logical and Shows seasonal variations in the beach dramatic view of the formation of our I ~profile and effects of waves and currents Earth and seas, the history of our lands on the beach configuration. Time-lapse and waters and their interdependence with photography and model experiments demon- today's society. A kaleidoscope of pic- I ~strate how sand beaches are created and tures and concepts, the film ranges from how they can be destroyed; the influence the Earth and its underwater formations of manmade construction is also brought and phenomena to new knowledge gathered into focus. from space. The f ilm is not merely a study of oceanography. It is, as well, BILLION DOLLAR MARSH (H,A) an Overview of Earth's geology and geog- 45 minutes (long version) raphy and a review of one theory of our 26 minutes (short version) solar system's original formation. The life of our one great ocean, the riches Stretching over 2,500 miles fraom Maine to in its depths, its mineralology and Florida lies one of the greatest areas of ecology and the changes which man has marshland in the world. To developers, caused in the past and intends in the these marshes are so many thousands of future are the vast subjects of these two wasted acres that could be drained for films. They are presented in two func- housing and industry; to others, the tional, twenty-five minute packages. CHALLENGE OF THE OCEANS (r,H) COINThIRCIAL FISHING IN THE 29 minutes CHESAPEAKE BAY (1,H,A) 36 minutes Explanation of the physical aspects ofI the ocean, including the variety of Treats Virginia's tidal water and the eco- currents, the relationship of the dy- nomicallv important fish that are caught namics of the oceans to weather and there. 'The film documents the nettingI climate and the composition of ocean methods used to catch the various spe- waters. Reviews the main instruments and cies, from shad and herring in the spring techniques used in oceanography in the through menhaden, spot and croaker inth I 1960's. summer and fall, with each major type of operation fully depicted. DEEP BLUE WORLD (E,1,H4,A) 7 minutes Although we see the astonishing variety I blue crab that exists beneath the sea, the film is essentially an underwater fantasy that conveys the wonder, joy and excitement of I a SCUBA dive. After a long descent through deep blues, we begin to feel the mystery of the environment. We see the strangness of its creatures. Once we are I acclimated, the beauty of it all begins to grow--coral structures, flower-like anemones--pastels dominate. The tempo I CHESAPEAKE BLUES (1,H) quickens, colors brighten; then follows a 10 minutes purely psychedelic section of excitement , brightness, brilliant color flashes, The film contains scenes of the complete shapes. Finally we ascend back into the life cycle of the blue crab, including blues of the upper waters. larval stages, growth and migration to the upper Chesapeake Bay. Catching and DOLPHINS (E,I,H,A) eating blue crabs is also shown. 22 minutes CHESAPEAKE CHALLENGE (H,A) Presented in this film are the charac- 50 minutes teristics and habits of a most delightful water mammal, the dolphin. About 50 or This film depicts the sailboat race from 60 million years ago, according to many Baltimore to Norfolk during the summer of paleontologists, the dolphin's ancestor 1978. In addition to the exciting race, was a furry, four-legged~ animal who lived the varied aspects of Chesapeake Bay--the on land. Then in a sort of reverse evo- 3 rage of storms, fragility of marshes, lution, it returned to the sea and became bustle of shipping, tranquility of the adapted to a life in the water. The skipjacks and the beauty of the Bay--are adaptations, communication and habits of presented through photography as well as our friends of the sea are discussed in I ballads. An educational cruise aboard a this delightfully entertaining and infor- VIMS Research Vessel is included. mative film. Narrated by Lorne Greene. 23 THE DRIFTING OF THE CONTINENTS (H,A) 50 minutes I Rece'nt discoveries in paleomagnetism, oceanography and seismology are affecting ;.- every earth science from geochemistry to I earthquake engineering. Scientists now dolphin know where each continent was in relation Ito the poles at any given point in his- tory. This is a fact filled, informative study of the revolution in geology which IS turning the earth sciences upside down. ESTUARINE HERITAGE (1,H) I 28 minutes Stresses the role of estuaries for im- portant species such as shrimp, crabs,6 I oysters, clams and menhaden and other finfish; as the habitat of waterfowl and HOW LEVEL IS SEA LEVEL? (H,A) furbearing animals; and as a recreational 13 minutes and aesthetic resource. Depicts major threats to estuarine resources; pesti- Provides data that will enable viewers to cides, municipal pollution, industrial discuss and investigate the question: waste, dredging and filling. Recommends How level is sea level? Following the I methods of conservation. showing of this film, students should be able to define mean sea level and explain ESTUARY (1,H,A) how it is determined, describe factors I 28 minutes that influence sea level at various The ayslagons nd nds f te rierslocations on the Earth and demonstrate aethe eastlarin adens of the Unitedrtts comprehension of concepts presented in on which a large percentage of our food cethn ea fleve byanalyzing thentroblemo from the sea is dependent. Their uses by creatingasalvlcana.nCeta industry, recreationists and seafood har- Aeia vesters are depicted, stressing the great HURRICANE DECISION (1,H,A) value of the estuary and the need for 14 minutes planning. Sponsored by EPA. Ahurricane awareness and preparedness FISH (P) film containing lifesaving, information 10 minutes ~~~~~for persons living in, or those who may The harcterstis offis arereltedvisit, hurricane-prone areas. The popu- tohechaviotrsistichs movement, arin fread lation of the East and Gulf coasts of the the beavorsung and doefens.Atwr, mscarn o United States keep growing. Almost every teyugand vvduderwate. photwograph music year lives are lost in these areas be- adpaio and bhvivid underatr phtoyugrpymk cause of hurricanes. The film points out viewers. Words from primary reading fodangesostr caurgeid and hrinlands programs are captioned for reading. fodn asdb urcns 3 HURRICANE - YOUR CHANCE TO LIVE (1,H4,A) I 14 minutes seaqnemone Portrays NOAA-National Weather Service functions during the life-cycle of hur- ricanes. Shows tracking and warning methods, and emphasizes safety precau- tions for life and property. INCONSTANT AIR (H) 25 minutes MARINE INVERTEBRATES OF THE CHESAPEAKE (E,I) The history of meteorology is examined in this film. The movement of weather, weather forecasting and the equipment and tebr ates methodology of observing weather patterns in their natural habitat in and our atmosphere are discussed. Also Chesapeake Bay. Presents these animals included in the film is the relationship from the low order hydroid to the high between the sea and the topography of the order crab and stimulates further investi - land on our weather. gation of these and other marine animals. IT'S YOUR COAST (HA) .METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS OF 28 minutes OCEANOGRAPHY (H,A) 18 minutes Visit Naples, Florida; Portland, Maine; Chicago, Illinois; and Seattle, Wash- An adequate introduction of oceanographic ington to discuss such subjects as land methods and instruments. Some methods development, oil pollution and beach and instruments are explained and photo- erosion. Stresses the importance of the graphed clearly, and in some cases their coast and the fact that anyone can ex- operation is explained by animation. press a viewpoint during the planning for Useful only as a brief overview of oceano- coastal management. graphic instruments. MYSTERIES OF THE DEEP (E,I,H) LEARNING ABOUT LIQUIDS, SOLIDS 2 iue AND GASSES (E,I) 11 minutes This fascinating film explores the depths of the ocean to see some of the many Ice, water--it's all the same thing, as children learn when they explore the interesting creatures to be found there. properties of matter. While changing substances from one state of matter to another, children learn about shape, mass and weight. The concept of lighter-than- air gases introduces a simple explanation of molecular action. A LOOK AT VIRGINIA'S NATURAL RESOURCES (H,A) 27 minutes The variety, abundance and importance of the natural resources of Virginia are discussed. 4I PLANKTON (I,H) 12 minutes I The* ti~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ght! whale - '.?. The wondrous variety of plants and animals comprising the ocean's plankton community is the subject of this film. Look closely at "plankton soup" and dis- cover what some of these forms of marine life look like and how they function. Observe the incredible variety and pre- cise geometric symmetry of Radiolaria. Each is as unique as a snowflake and justly merits the radiolarian nickname, THE SALT MARSHES (E,I,H) "jewel of the sea." Learn how planktonic 28 minutes plants and animals figure in complex food webs. Minute planktonic plants are at The importance of the salt marsh and the the bottom of a food web that may end role it plays in the delicate ecosystem with planktonic animals as complex and is depicted in this film. How a marsh is large as a jellyfish. formed and the variety of plants and animals that inhabit the marsh are also THE RESTLESS SEA (E,I,H,A) described. 54 minutes (2 reels) SHELLFISHING IN THE CHESAPEAKE (I,H,A) Animated sequences illustrate work of 25 minutes oceanographers in searching out complex and interwoven relationships in nature A companion to "Commercial Fishing in the and in the sea. Filmed action from above Chesapeake," this film shows the methods and below surface shows various instru- and equipment used in catching Virginia's ments used in oceanography. oysters, crabs and clams. RESTLESS SEA (I,H,A) SHARK! DANGER IN THE SEA (I,H,A) 30 minutes 26 minutes A new, shortened version of a Disney Current experiments being conducted on science favorite, this film provides an the infamous "villian" of the sea are overview of the sciences of the sea. presented in this film. Included are Includes information on plate tectonics. studies of the shark's color vision, the force of his bite, his pre-attack be- THE RIGHT WHALE: AN ENDANGERED havior and methods of avoiding attack. SPECIES (I,'H,A) 23 minutes The right whale is perhaps the rarest of all the great whales. Join zoologist Roger Payne on the Peninsula Valdes in Argentina where, with the help of the National Geographic Society, he has been studying these mammoth creatures since 1970. THE STARFISH (E,I,R) THE STORY OF OIL AND GAS (I,H,A)1 8 minutes 27 minutes The Starfish is a study of how underwater The main theme of this film is explaining I creatures move, and how they get food and how to reach offshore oil and gas, from escape from enemies. The f ilm shows the the information of hydrocarbons in the starfish and the way it stalks its prey Earth's crust to the construction of I and uses its strong arms to grasp a drilling and production of platforms. shellfish and pull it open, so that the Vivid animation portrays the entrapment soft inner body can be consumed by the of hydrocarbons in the Earth's crust. I starfish. The starfish ejects its stom- Seismic offshore exploration is used to ach to surround the food, digests it and determine whether or not a site may be a then sucks its stomach back into its promising place to drill. The next step body. It pursues other prey, which use in' the retrieval of oil or gas is obtain- their locomotive methods to escape, and ing the purchase rights and conducting a the starfish continues to hunt. survey. The final segment of the film describes the design, fabrication and I installation of the platforms. A self- contained platform with an area for drilling operations, production and starfish I lving quarters is shown in the con- struction phase and while being towed to the drilling site. While most of the film is designed as an advertisement, the I information covered is knowledgeable and THE STORY OF MENHADEN (1,H,A) peise 20 minutes The story of the menhaden fishery, one of oil i the oldest and largest fisheries in the United States, showing the uses, methods______ of capture and processing of the fish. __ ,~~~~ ~~~ ~SWINMY (P) 6 minutes menhaden In a beautiful undersea world, a small fish outwits the hungry tuna. Animated I by Leo Lionni and Giulio Gianini. 6 WHALES: CAN THEY BE SAVED? (E,I,H,A) 24 minutes Depicts and describes a variety of spe- cies within the two major branches of the whale family. Traces the evolution of r whales from land animals to sea animals. Constrasts modern whaling techniques with those of the past. Shows how dolphins and other whales are trained to perform. Identifies species in danger of extinc- tion and emphasizes the importance of TAKE TWO FROM THE SEA (1,11) saving the endangered whales. 28 minutes Two young hopefuls are surprised to learn that their "big break" as Hollywood film makers is to make a documentary on oys- ters and clams - about which they know nothing. They travel to the West, Gulf and East Coasts' oyster-clam shellfishing sites, photographing the harvesting, aquaculture, processing, cooking and serving of shellfish. TWO HUNDRED MILES (A) 28 minutes A panel discussion on extended fisheries jurisdiction over the continental shelf of the United States. WATERBOUND (H,A) 20 minutes Set to lively banjo music, this short film presents the effects of erosion on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. WATERMEN OF THE CHESAPEAKE (I,H,A) 28 minutes Shows the impact of Chesapeake Bay and its resources on a large segment of America, from early days to the present. Activities of fishermen in the harvest of clams, oysters, crabs and flounder are portrayed. Highlights include America's only sailpowered oyster fleet, the crab derby at Crisfield, MD and the wild pony penning at Chincoteague, Va. 16mm silentfim OOPLASMIC SEGREGATION DURING ASCIDIAN DEVELOPMENT (H,A) 6 minutes Formation of the yellow cresent through cytoplasmic streaming and segregation of crescent materials during cleavage and development are shown in Boltenia villosa and Styela partita. ECHINODERM DEVELOPMENT 1: FERTILIZATION AND CLEAVAGE (H,A) 4 minutes Sperm entry, movement, fusion of the pronuclei and cleavage including micro- mere formation are shown. ECHINODERM DEVELOPMENT 2: GASTRULATION (H,A) 4 minutes The film deals with the cell movements and cell processes which appear to play a significant part in the changing of the blastula into a gastrula. A detailed time lapse sequence illustrates cell movements and formation of the gut tube. 8 * 8mm color film loos I PLANKTON: THE LIVING SEA (H) Loops include the following subjects: 6 film loops Sand Shore Environment, 3 min. 15 sec. I Every student is taught that plankton Rocky Shore Environment, 3 min. 25 sec. produce 90% of the Earth's oxygen and Grass Bottom Environment, 3 min. comprise the single most important link 40 sec. 3 in the vast and complex food web of the Rock Bottom Environment, 3 min. 45 sec. oceans. These films show the diversity, Sand Bottom Environment, 3 min. 35 sec. mobility and feeding relationships of the Under Rock Environment, 3 min. 25 sec. more common planktonic forms, using spec- tacular dark-ground microcinematology. STICKLEBACK (H) 2 film loops ILoops include the following subjects: Strictly patterned, highly specific court- Collecting plankton, 3 min. 40 sec. ship behavior is instinctive to many Plankton: Diversity, 3 min. 40 sec. animals, in such different groups as Plankton: Mobility, 3 min. 40 sec. insects, fish, birds and mammals. Since Plankton: Food Webs and Feeding all instincts are hereditary, the fact Relationships, 3 min. 40 sec. that so many animals have complex court- Plankton: Larval Forms, 3 min. 40 sec. ship patterns suggest that these patterns I ~Plankton: Adult Forms, 3 min. 40 sec. are 'an advantage to these animals in terms of species survival and natural I EXPLORING MARINE HABITATS (H) selection. 6 film loops Title of the loops are: This series takes your students on an exciting tour of six different coastal Courtship Behavior of the Stickle- habitats and shows them the great variety back, 4 min. of marine life to be found in the clear Stickleback: Experiments with waters of the Caribbean. For obvious Models, 4 min. I reasons, these habitats are inaccessible to the great majority of children, yet these films bring the Caribbean and its I abundance of coastal marine life within easy reach of any science teacher and/or student. Captions are used to identify each creature and each prominent aspect of its environment. 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9 filmstrips with cassettes ALGAE (I,H) chain, offers the teacher and the student 10 minutes a' look at the role of man and his environ- ment. These simple plants (or plant-like protists) are extremely important product map of Chesapeake Bay organisms in both fresh water and marine ... ecosystems. The life cycle and struc- tures of certain algae suggest an evolutionary relationship between algae and the higher multicellular plant forms. AQUACULTUPE (H,A) 26 minutes WASHINGTON V controlled e The production of marine resources in controlled environments are described in this program. Methods of farming fish Y!/ and shellfish and new research methods 4 , such as artificial upwelling are ex- i ) �.. : plained. CHESAPEAKE AT BAY - FORMATION (I,H) 14 minutes ~~~CNM0~ ~~ ~~.'., CHESAPEAKE AT BAY - 20th CENTURY (I,H) 14 minutes I -3Qi Water, the birthplace of life on Earth . and the basic ingredient of all living " things, provides the focus for this in- quiry on Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Bay has two histories, both of great interest EARTH IS A WATER PLANET (IH) and concern to students today. Both the 13 minutes story of a man's role in settling and This filmstrip addresses the following using the Bay and the story of life with- questions: how water influences us and in her waters depicted. This filmstrip our lives, how that influence is changing is an exploration of the Bay. The photo- and how we (man) influence the marine graphy, whether it be a picture of a man environment. at work on the Bay or a highly unusual photo of the participant in the food 10 THE ECOLOGY OF CORAL REEFS (I1,H) dollars prowl the protected areas, while 10 minutes further up the beach, beach hoppers scav- enge along the, drift rows. Toward land, Coral reefs are studies in animal diver- a remarkable community of specially sity. Not only are there many different adapted plant species stabilizes the sand kinds of corals, but each major animal dunes. Iphyla is represented in the typical reef community. This filmstrip examines the FISHERY PRODUCTS INSPECTION (H most obvious reef inhabitants - the 3 filmstrips, 3 cassettes Icorals, anemones, snails, clams, crabs, 10 minutes each nudibranchs, annelids, shrimps, urchins, basket stars, crinoids, reef dwelling This kit deals with inspection services *starfish and the many splendid fishes now being offered by the National Marine found in these enchanting sea environ- Fisheries Service, an agency of the ments. United States Department of Commerce. Fishery products are an increasingly ITHE ECOLOGY OF MUD FLATS (1,H) important part of the American diet. The 9 minutes materials in this kit are intended to help your students - future consumers - Mud flats often rival the rocky coast in learn what to look for when purchasing 1 biomass. isTheir importance in marine packaged fishery products. They will ecoogyisthat they serve as nurseries learn how the Federal Government, in for many of the sea's larger fish and cooperation with the fisheries industry, shellfish. We find many different life is working to assure quality and whole- styles on the mud flat: burrowing filter someness in fishery products along the feeders, such as clams, detritus eaters route from sea to marketplace. See what I(including shrimp of various kinds), role federal inspectors play, learn what predators (certain worms and snails), the levels of inspection are and find out scavengers and commensal organisms, what the federal marks and certificates * making the mud flat a highly diversified mean. marine community. GREAT EXPLORERS (I,H) U THE ECOLOGY OF ROCKY COASTS (1,H) 4 filmstrips, 4 cassettes 11 minutes 11-14 minutes each The rocky coast environment might be Voyages of adventure and discovery. Four described as "hazardous to life", yet famous explorers of uncharted waters find here life abounds. We discover how shore new lands and meet new peoples--and dwellers combat wave shock, drying and expand the unknown world. Columbus 3 temperature extremes; how life on rocky ventures west in search of gold and shores is distributed in zones and how species of the East--finds the New World. intertidal invertebrates live and repro- Magellan joins the first European expe- duce in this harsh environment. dition to sail around the world. Drake I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~voyages aboard the Golden Hind--attacks THE ECOLOGY OF SANDY BEACHES (1,H) Spanish ships--sails to California. Cook 9 minutes charts and explores Pacific Islands, Although they may appear sterile, sandy AutaianAls. beaches often support beautifully adapted communities of living things. Sand crabs filter the waves for plankton and are in turn pre yed on by f ishes and birds. Sand 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 THE HIISTORY OF WATER TRANSPORTATION THE JELLYFISH: A COELENTERATE (E,I) IN VIRGINIA (1) 8 minutes 2 filmst-rips, 2 cassettesI The purpose of this filmstrip is to Part One, 10 minutes present to the student information concerning animal activities. Repro- The early history of water transportation duction, growth, feeding and speciali- in Virginia is discussed. When our an- zations are covered, using the jellyfish cestors first crossed the Atlantic and as a commonly known representative came to Jamestown in the 1600's, they coelenterate. The economic impact of theI depended on our bays and tidewaters for organism is also brought to the attention growth' of the area. A variety of types of the student. of vessels were necessary, therebyI initiating the first industry of our LIFE IN THE SEA (EI) country. The canal system of Virginia, 2 filmstrips, 2 cassettes extending from Richmond to Lexington and 14 minutes each Buchannan, provided, the access from the coast westward in the 1800's. Nearly three-quarters of the Earth's surface is covered by water, and an Part Two, 8 minutes incredible number and variety of life I forms make their homes in this vast This history of transportation in underwater realm. They flourish in every Virginia unfolds as steam power is part of the sea, from the sunlit surfaceI introduced in the 1800's. Shipbuilding waters to the cold, dark abyss. Although and repair become more prominent, and scientists have discovered much about sea freighters and aircraft carriers are life, the ocean remains largely an unex- developed to bring our American maritime plored wilderness. The two filmstrips in heritage up to date. this series picture and describe some of the living things that inhabit sandy beaches, rocky coasts, salt marshes, kelp I beds, coral reefs and the open sea. The microscopic plants to giant whales, is jfU~~~~~ ~emphasized. The filmstrips may be used to introduce a study of sea life or to stinging nettl summarize such a study. They encourage children to explore a variety of sea environment and to learn more about the plants and animals that can be found Titles include: Life Near the Shore Life in the Open Sea 123 THE LIFE OF FISHES (H) I 6 filmstrips, 6 cassettes 14-15 minutes each Join Captain Cousteau in an indepth view ~*' of life in the sea . Titles in this series include: 1. THE SHAPING OF LIFE I From primitive nameless creatures that oiia n iar ytm fcmu wriggled in shallow waters hundreds of frgnlage, bizrotecsystemso corationan millions of years ago, fishes have slowly weapor.Te, draaofthcie cooation, battl evolved into sleek and efficient aquatic wepny Thdrmofteaiybtl animls. heis ha ben a ong conin- to- survive is augmented by a l'ong-term uous. Thirs has bevenalopmng, contikemn-h struggle to maintain the species. In uou lieoft thevelpmete, undlthe maphn, whoc many ways, the problems of procreation lettewtr*n tedlhn hc illustrate the mortal game of hide and - returned. Through this gradual adap- se htpretslf newtr tation to life underwater, fishes have se htpretslf newtr * become masters of their medium. 5. THE ROOTS OF INTELLIGENCE 5 2. THE RANGE OF LIFE Compared with man, the fish seems like a The sea is made up of varied provinces creature of pure instinct. Yet certain determined by the underwater landscape species are capable of extraordinary I and conditions. Each environment has accomplishments guided by smell, the given rise to unique spheres of life chemistry of water, unerring instinct or where fishes have developed distinctive strange intelligence. Some fishes have bodies and habits. Virtually every shown unusual curiosity, some an ability stream, lake and sea on the planet has to learn. Conditioned byteraquatic been invaded by fishes, and the adap- environment, fishes have evolved their I tat ions they have accomplished illustrate own kind of water intelligence--a tough, their perseverance and flexibility. durable sense of what is necessary. 3. TWO UNDERSEA ECOSYSTEMS 6. THE FRAGILE BALANCE Along the Continental Shelf, where most What seems like a vast and unassailable of the fishes in the sea live, com- bounty of life is in reality a precarious munities have developed which rival linkage. The destruction of one element mankind's cities in their diversity and in the sea's food chains could upset the social interaction. One form of the etr ytm a a lasc-xse community, the coral reef, covers 25 with this fragile balance. But today he times as much of the planet's surface as seeks to understand bow his own progress 1 the United States. Another, the murky threatens fish and other marine crea- kelp bed, resembles a forest. These tures ... and even the water cycle which watery ecosystems illustrate both webs of makes life on Earth possible. balance in nature and the importance ofLIEOTHTDAMJFAS-EKOR such systems to man's own future. S LIEONUTHE TIA DLT -ELHR I 4. SURVIVAL 13 minutes Like other animals, fishes spend most of Tefoaadfuao lhr luho their time eating and avoiding being Tefoaadfuao lhr luho eaten. Some are voracious carnivores, Monterey Bay, California, is described in N but most are not. In order to defend this filmstrip. themselves, fishes have developed highly * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~13 MARINE FISHERIES OF MAINE MOBY DICK (I) This series of six filmstrips and audio 1 iue cassettes has been produced for use in The classic story of the infamous white marine classrooms. The content level was whale unfolds in this filmstrip. The selected for students in grades three young reader can also read a shortened I through six but the materials may be illustrated version of Herman Melville's adapted for use with other age groups. masterpiece. The materials are designed to broaden student awareness of how some fishermen make their living and also to acquaint students with major fisheries.whln These presentations can also serve as a starting point for social studies, economics, science, nutrition, career ~~---- awareness, or other projects. Inte- grating them with the existing curriculum is encouraged. THE RESTLESS SEA (E) 5 filmstrips, 5 cassettes MARINE RESOURCES (I,H) 6-8 minutes each 16 minutes ~~~~~The ocean's mysteries--its storehouse of I Each use of the marine environment (food, food and resources, and its tremendous energy, transportation, recreation, min- dangers--all take shape before your stu- erals, medicines, sites for housing and dents in this colorful filmstrip journey. industry) satisfies someone's need or desire. This filmstrip discusses the Youngsters will discover: uses and alterations of the 'sea that - how ocean tides and winds create waves jeopardize the marine resources' and must that travel for thousands of miles; be controlled to insure the benefits of - blind fish that dwell in the black these resources for future generations. depths; -the chemical composition of -seawater, MARINE SCIENCES CAREER KIT (I) i.e. an "Earth soup" with all of the 18 minutes ingredients needed to produce life; - the beautiful sea anemone, a I The filmstrip shows the work of several flower-animal on the ocean floor; types of marine scientists. Some of the - the warm and cold ocean currents that highlights include marine biologists affect sea life worldwide. collecting' and examining specimens with special equipment, marine geologists Titles in the series include: taking core samples from the ocean floor Oceanography - An Overview, 6:15 and marine engineers developing new Tides, Winds and Waves 6:30I equipment for sea exploration. At the Mr. C. Waters 7:00 end of the filmstrip, several whimsical Surface and Deep Ocean Currents 7:45 pictures rendered by an artist suggest Life in the Sea - An Unfolding 7:30 ry future developments in oceanography. 73 Though intended to be light and entertaining, these ideas are founded in fact. 143 I THE SEA (E,I,H) 2 filmstrips, 2 cassettesocpu 15 minutes eachocpu The Sea has been designed to provide the student in every grade level with a total multi-sensory experience. Exciting beautiful photographs of the sea and life around and in it, accompanied by sounds 5. THE OCTOPUS and music that capture the essence of A variety of offensive and defensive what the student is viewing, stimulate weapons helps the octopus find food and the imagination. Pictures and sounds guard its den. together provide a teaching tool directed I toward creativity in many curriculum SETTING UP A SMALL AQUARIUM areas. There is no narration to intrude 15 minutes or distract. Students can become totally I absorbed in what they are viewing before Every year, across the country hundreds they are given the opportunity to com- of aquaria are set up in classrooms and municate in a wide variety of media and laboratories for the first time. inevi- techniques. tably, because of the amount of misin- formation circulating about aquarium SEA LIFE (E,I) management, some of these trials end in E s filmstrips, 5 cassettes failure. This filmstrip details the 12-14 minutes each exact procedure to be followed in setting up either a marine or freshwater aquarium Varied adaptations of marine life, from successfully. The methods employed are microscopic plankton to Earth's largest scientifically sound and well documented. animals, the whales. The beauty and The technology presented is modern and usefullness of shells, and how. mollusks up-to--date. The system works! it is a form them. Plans for preserving the scaled-down version of the methods used saltwater environment. in many large public aquaria. Titles in this series include: Includes 90 frame filmstrip and 17 page I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~Teachers Guide. 1. THE SALTWATER WORLD I Study plankton, coral and fish life, and SHARKS Learning Shelf Kit (P) explore their delicate relationships. 20 minutes 2. THE SHELL BUILDERS After using this kit with your class, the I Examine the soft-bodied shell builders student should be able to: and their intricate lime-walled homes. 1. Gain an understanding of gills and how sharks breathe underwater. 3. CURIOSITIES OF THE SEA 2. Recognize the concept of predator as I See some of the ocean's bizarre oddities: descriptive of roost -sharks--an animal the seahorse, the olive sea snake, the that preys on other animals. viperfish. 3. Identify three types of special 4. SURACE BRATHERS T H E MMMALSequipment that people use to study Meet the ocean's mammals, once landshr:SCBgecarsae. I dwellers, now readapted to life in the water. * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~15 2. CONQUEST OF THE DEPTHS shark At its deepest, the ocean has been measured at more than seven miles. What kind of world is this sunless abyss? Scientific dredges bring up bits and pieces of it, but until men could travel ~~SHARKS (EI) ~there, most of our knowledge was pure 14 minutes theory. In the 1930's and 40's, two explorers, Beebe and Piccard, built vehicles to carry them into the most Sharks : st reaml ined , strong and curious:.. w ith powerful bite andongremote regions of Earth. What they found uio..n winthpod uct bt an vetyou was an eerie world of absolute darkness hide. An introduction to a variety of these remarkable creatures, from small and fearsome-looking creatures. sharks to some of the world's largest 3. FREEDOM UNDER WATER fishes. Fascinating facts... mysteries fishes. Fascinating facts... mysteries Standing vertically under water, helmeted remaining to be solved. Aspects of divers are an unnatural ocean phenomenon. anatomy... the way sharks live. How In the moving fluid of the sea, animals scientists learn about t eeIn the moving fluid of the sea, animalis isenss learn about these great range horizontally, like birds. With the ~~~~~~fishes. ~invention of the aqualung in 1943, a new era of underwater experience began for 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA (I) 20,00 LEAGinutes UD TEmankind. Unencumbered by heavy diving 15 minutes- gear and air hoses to the surface, men The story of Captain Nemo and the now roam the oceans in the free, smooth The story of Captain Nemo and the fashion of sea creatures. adventures on his giant submarine, the fashion of sea creatures. Nautilus, is depicted in this filmstrip. 4. LIVING UNDER THE SEA The young reader can also read a short- Along the coasts of each continent are cned, illustrated version of Jl Along the coasts of each continent are ened, illustrated version of Jules shelf-like ocean areas rich in marine Verne's classic. life and minerals. As a whole, these UNDERSEA EXPLORATION (H) relatively shallow areas represent an 4 filmstrips, 4 cassettes unexplored wilderness the size of Africa. 1415 fmstrips, c tes eIn the same decade man first landed on 14-15 minutes eachI the moon, he began to build undersea settlements on these Continental Shelves. Join Captain Cousteau in the adventurous n o n h s ntena lve series entitled "Undersea Exploration." In ocean habitats men and women can live se entitled "indersea Exploration." cfor weeks at a time, studying life forms Titles in this series include: of the sea first hand, and learning how 1. MAN ENTERS THE SEA to preserve and protect the Earth's water i. MAN ENTERS THE SEA environments. For centuries man has explored the environments. ocean's depths. Ancient divers made extraordinary descents without breathing aids seeking food and riches. When galleons laden with gold and jewels plunged to the sea floor, men invented equipment that would allow them to go deeper and search for these treasures. By the Twentieth Century, natural curiosity inspired devices which took man for the first time into the unseen regions'of the sea. 16 WHALES Learning Shelf Kit (P) 20 minutes U bird in marsh ~~~~~After using this kit with your class, the student should be able to: I ~~~~~~~~~~~~1. Identify the major features of wh al1es. 2. Explain how whales breathe and I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~communicate. 3. Distinguish humpback, killer and right whales. I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~WHAT IS A FISH? Learning Shelf Kit (P) 20 minutes I ~~~~~~~~~~~~After using this kit with your class, the student should be able to: 1. Deter-mine what fish have in common. I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~2. Name two ways fish defend or __ ~~~~~protect themselves. 3. Understand why fish have gills, VIRGINIA'S MARSHES -A WORLD BETWEEN that they may live in either salt I (I1,H,A) water or fresh water and that many 10 minutes have streamlined shapes. I The salt marshes of Virginia are the WHO OWNS THE OCEANS? (1,H,A) predominant wetland in the Commonwealth. 15 minutes In addition to providing important marine resources, marshes prevent erosion and The question of who owns the oceans, our anT rglt*o h niomn s ms infcn usin en eae provide shoreline protection. The beauty planet's last frontier, is one of the I captured in the beautiful photography of in the world today. To show students this filmstrip. Man has been known to just how significant, and to stimulate destroy the bounty and beauty of this their thinking on possible answers and valuable land. However, through research what those answers might mean to the and legislation our marshes are now pro- future of our world, are the aims of this tected against misuse under the Virginia filmstrip program. I Wetlands Act. This filmstrip is also available for sale at $2.50. * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~17 WORLD OF THE SEA (1) 5. MARINE VERTEBRATES - FISHES: the 14-15 minutes each structural and behavioral adaptations Of fish to life in the sea are examined. I The vast resources of the sea are only Our relationship with and dependence upon just beginning to be recognized and these organisms is discussed. developed. Long shrouded in mystery, the lifegiving ocean, her fascinating crea- 6. MARINE VERTEBRATES - MAMMALS: the tures and their unique habits define for biology of major groups of marine mammals intermediate level students the signif- is discussed. California sea otters and icance of our past and future relation- elephant seals are examined as examples I ship with the World of the Sea. of marine mammals. Group One: 3 filmstrips, 3 cassettes Concepts covered in this series include: 1. REALM OF THE SEA: the ocean isI introduced as a habitat for a variety of organisms. Simple geology, the prop- erties of seawater, and our relationshipI with the sea are defined. 2. PLANTS OF THE SEA AND SHORE: the3 importance of plants as the source of life introduces a basic presentation of photosynthesis. Several varieties of marine vegetation are surveyed, includingI both plankton and larger plants. The interdependence of species is illustrated by the study of a short food chain. 3. BALANCE OF NATURE: the concepts of community and ecosystem are explored asI they relate to the marine environment. Survival mechanisms are surveyed in terms of offensive and defensive weapons. Food chains and food webs lead into a discus-I sion of balanced marine ecosystems and the ways in which people can upset them.3 WORLD OF THE SEA (I) 14-15 minutes each Group Two: 3 filmstrips, 3 cassettesI 4. MARINE INVERTEBRATES: the major marine phyla are surveyed. Sea urchins and starfish are studied as represent- atives of the wholly marine phylum Echinodermata.I ' filmstrips wihrecords I THE ARCTIC OCEAN (E,I) itself. 12 minutes In MAKING A GEOLOGICAL MAP, we parti- Life and research in the arctic region cipate in the mapping of deformed E are explored in this program. sedimentary rocks adtu er o their composition and structure are GEOLOGIC MEASUREMENTS AND MAPS (1,H) plotted on a contour map. The resulting 3 6 filmstrips, 6 records geologic map allows us to "see" what is * 16-18 minutes each underground. * This filmstrip series examines six dif- The last two filmstrips in the series 3 ferent kinds of geologic measurements. concern the measurement of invisible I In MEASURING THE SHAPE OF THE LAND, aqunies group of children using simple equipment MEASURING UNDERGROUND TEMPERATURES make a contour map of a sand dune. By explores rock temperatures near the following the steps involved, the viewers Earth's surface, in a deep mine and in an are introduced to some of the funda- oil well, and then investigates one * mentals of topographic mapping--an possible explanation for the observed activity they may want to try for differences. themselves. ~~~~~~MEASURING DIFFERENCES IN GRAVITY DETERMINING SEA LEVEL explores further illustrates the fundamental factors that the problem of measuring elevations. affect the strength of gravitational After first learning why sea level is attraction. Using an actual example in used as a reference, we find out how to Texas, the filmstrip shows how these determine the level of the restless sea factors can be used to detect differences surface and how to measure elevations on in rocks deep underground. I land in rel ation to sea level. IMEASURING MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST is an investigation of (1) how the Earth's crust moves during an earthquake and (2) whether or not it moves between E earthquakes. Careful study of a triang- ulation net that was distorted by an earthquake in 1940 shows how the land moved at that time and how it has moved I since. The measurements also suggest a partial explanation for the earthquake * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~19 OCEANOGRAPHY - UNDERSTANDING SIREN SONG FOR SEAFOODS (1,i{) OUR DEEP FRONTIER (I) 17 minutes 9 filmstrips, 9 recordsI 15 minutes each This colorful animated filmstrip intro- duces future homemakers to the wide This series provides introductory infor- variety of seafoods. Tips on purchasing I mation on the many aspects of marine and storing fish, both fresh and frozen, science. Included in the series are the are discussed, including the market forms following titles: of seafood. A variety of methods for preparing seafood are discussed, in I An Introduction to Oceanography - a addition to some nutritional information. general view of oceanography and the After viewing this filmstrip your class scientific disciplines related to it. will be anxious to taste-test the wide I range of flavor and textures of seafood. 1. Physical Oceanography - a study of the physical aspects of the sea. UNDERWATER~ ACOUSTICS (E,I) 2. Chemical Oceanography - the chemistry 9 minutes of seawater is discussed. 3. Geological Oceanography - geological Explores the topic of natural and features of the ocean basin are artificial sound in the ocean.I presented. 4. Biological Oceanography - the diver- sity of marine life is examined.I 5. Ocean Engineering - oceanographic knowledge and engineering are combined in order to use the oceans, their contents and boundaries for the achievement of human objectives. 6. Marine Resources - the variety of resources is presented from an economicI and ecological viewpoint. 7. Air - Sea Interaction - the relation- ship of the oceans and the atmosphere is discussed. B. A Career in Oceanography - the varieties of employment in the marine field are depicted in this program. SEALAB II (E,I) 19 minutes Man's research, especially aquanauts, and life in the sea are shown in this filmstrip. 20 I ANIMAL LIFE DIVERS GUIDE TO MARINE LIFE I Set of 20-35 min slides with descriptions. Presents many of the plants and animals Content includes oceans life zones, eco- divers see when they penetrate the marine logical divisions by life zones, variety world. Gives both divers and non-divers in sea life, classifications of sea life, a brief glimpse of the vast array of life underwater views of sea animal varieties-- in the ocean, from giant kelp beds to the I copepods, larvae, benthic animals, coral marine mammals. An informative booklet forms and sponges, cockles, annelids, describing each picture accompanies this univalves, echinoderms, sharks, tuna and series. I abyssal fish life. EROSIONAL FEATURES I DANGEROUS MARINE ORGANISMS (I) 20 slides Set of 20-35 mm slides with descriptions, including the following types of land- Most people are only aware of sharks as forms shaped by erosional processes of the dangerous creature of the sea. This nature: wind, waves, currents--dune I short program identifies some species of ridges, sand hill, bar, beach ridge, fish, mollusks, echinoderms, coelent- spit, and others. Running water-- erates and reptiles to beware in the abandoned channel, alluvial fan, braided marine environment. stream, meanders, and others. _______ EVOLUTION OF THE OCEAN Set of 20-35 mm color slides with de- scriptions. Content includes overview of water mass, rock samples, precipitation I ~ ~~~~~~~~mati-o-war and ocean development, birth of the oceans, land mass development, sea floor spreading, theories of ocean salinity, prehistoric ocean life, development of marine life forms, enormity of the I ~~~~~~~~~~~~THE FOOD CHAIN CONCEPT (I) 20 slides The order of organisms from producer to herbivore to carnivore is explained in this program. 21 GLACIAL EROSION AND DEPOSITION LIFE DEPENDS ON WATER 20 slides 20 slides Concentrates on clearly presenting the A series of photographs portraying the variety of landforms produced by glacial population's dependence on water for erosion and deposition. In most cases energy, irrigation, food, transportation, the careful selection of the view also industry and recreation. gives evidence of the process that pro- duced the feature. MARINE MOLLUSCS 20 slides GLACIATION This set features four classes of the Set of 20-35 mm slides with descriptions. phylum Mollusca: Gastropoda, Pelycepoda, Includes the folowing glaciated land- Cephalopoda and Amphineura. Included are forms: Alpine Glaciation - arete, cirque, detailed descriptions of each group, cols, hanging valleys, lateral moraines. development and adaptation, predator-prey Contiental Glaciation - abraded bedrock relationships, distribution, and other hills, esker, glacial linear ridges, important, little-known facts. Animals glacial trough. represented include living helmet shells, cowries, cone shells, olive shells, THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE nudibranchs, bivalves, octopuses and many others. Many never before photographed. Twenty illustrations showing the movement of water from the ocean into the air, OCEANS AND THE WEATHER producing clouds and precipitation, and run off back into the ocean. Set of 20-35 mm color slides with descriptions. Content includes: ocean INTRODUCTION TO INTERTIDAL influence on weather, sea squalls, calm PLANTS AND ANIMALS (I,H,A) wave action, warm and cold air circu- 70 slides with cassette tape lation, air movement, wind belts, storm belts, hurricane catastrophies, satellite This slide set illustrates and discusses weather forecasting, gyrals, tradewinds, many of the common plants and animals ocean currents, gulf stream effects, sea found in rocky tidepools along the fog, advection fog, water cycles, squall Pacific coast. lines. INTRODUCTION TO SEASHELLS OF THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE FISHES NORTH AMERICA 20 slides Set of 20-35 mm slides with descriptions. Illustrations include living fish, fossil A survey of common and rare univalve and fish, ancestral jawed fish, sharks, bivalve mollusk shells which may be found skates and rays, bony fish and others. along the salt water coasts of North America. The living animals, their range, habitats, morphology and behavior are described. Emphasized is the for- mation and growth of the shells, various ways man has employed them throughout the ages--as money, in ornamentation, as food containers--and the disappearance of many of the shell-bearing mollusks due to habitat destruction and predation by man. 22 PLANT LIFE SEA LIFE 20 slides Set of 20-35 mm full color slides with descriptions. Subjects include: angel- Set of 20-35 mm color slides with descrip- fish, sponge, shrimp, clam, octopus, tions. Content includes: sunlight and great baracuda, stingray, nurse shark, the Euphotic Zone, photosynthesis in piranha, squid, killer whale, dolphin, plant life, interdependence of sea animal others. and plant life, phytoplankton, diatoms, dinoflagellates, marine food chain, SEASHORE INHABITANTS sargassum weeds, single cell algae and giant kelp, turtle grass community, Set of 20-35 mm color slides with descrip- animal variety among turtle grass, rooted tions. Subjects include mussels and marine plants. barnacles, gooseneck barnacle, limpets, sea palm, kelp, tide pool community, sea THE SALT MARSH BIOME anemone, sea urchins, starfish feeding, 20 slides sunflower star, sea lions and others. A detailed study of this most fertile of SPONGE SET all biomes. Details important inter- relationships of the aquatic food chain Fourteen frames present sponge types and with special emphasis on the role of anatomy in photographs and photomicro- Spartina grasses, surveys the plant and graphs. Includes printed guide. animal resources of the salt marsh and the importance of these areas to con- tinuing bountiful life in the sea. seastar Coverage includes tidal cycles, Spartinas, glasswort, insects, rabbit, snail, three crab species, terrapin, STARFISH DEVELOPMENT SET - PART I clams, fish, four species of birds, and pollution and other threats to the marsh environment. Twenty-four frames portray all stages of SAVANNAH VOCABULARY (E) starfish embryology from the ovary I 55 slides through metamorphosis. Includes printed guide. A collection of slides emphasizing the SURVIVAL IN COLD WATER (HA) vocabulary on ecosystems. 19 slides (short version) 47 slides (long version) SEABEACHES - THEIR FORMATION AND EROSION 20 slides The purpose of this program is to in- crease awareness of the problem of Details the natural processes by which hypothermia (freezing to death). sandy beaches are built, shaped and eroded. Special emphasis is given to the THE TIDES (I) role of vegetation in beach formation, to 20 slides the effects of man's presence and inter- ference on the beach system, and to the The alternate rising and falling of the wisdom of man's attempts at beach ocean surfaces and the relationship to restoration, the sun and moon is the subject of this slide program. 23 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE OCEAN FLOOR WATER EROSION AND DEPOSITION Set of 20-35 mim slides with descriptions. 20 slides Content includes: underwater terrain,I sonar and submersible surveys, conti- Clearly portrays the many ways water nental margin, continental shelf, erodes, transports and deposits earth continental rise, continental slope and materials. The pictures are arranged in I canyons, valleys and alluvial fans, a natural sequence from fast moving shelf, slope and deep sea floor, marine mountain stream, through the meanders of mantle, crust, and levels of sediment, a mature river across its flood plain to U volcano, glacier and red clay, abyssal sea cliff being eroded by the pounding plains, underwater trenches, mid-ocean surf. ridges, seamounts, guyots, "Ring of Fire," panorama of the ocean floor. USING MARINE RESOURCES Set of 20-35 mm color slides with descriptions. Content includes: oceans as a storehouse, vastness of the oceanU reservoir , minerals in the sea, Gulfstream mineral resources, marine geology, mineral extraction, fuel and energy resources, marine biomedicine,I marine lab specimens, aquaculture, giant kelp harvesting, ocean storehouse for solar energy. THE WATER CYCLE 23 slides (cassette narration available) Provides a comprehensive overview of the hydrologic cycle . Details the relative amounts of water available from variousI sources, special properties of water, energy flow as water evaporates, con- denses and precipitates, cloud and dewI formation, infiltraton, underground water and cave formation, causes of flooding and flood control. 24 * filmstrips wihut sound ICONFLICTS ALONG OUR SEACOAST -down and made harmless. This filmstrip COASTAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES OF THE will show that industrial chemicals, oil, NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES (H) pesticides and other pollutants do not simply disappear into the vast waters of I This kit includes 5 filmstrips and text. the ocean but can cause considerable harm Titles in the series include: to the marine environment. Il. LAND IJSE - 110 frames 5. ENERGY AND PROGRESS -89 frames Many people will agree that careful During the past 200 years, American management of the coastal zone is a progress has been characterized by more desirable goal. However, few people and more mechanization and an ever realize how complex this task is. Many increasing need for energy. A large conflicts have arisen over the coastal proportion of this energy is produced or zone area. This filmstrip focuses on two distributed in the coastal zone. This Iareas of concern--land use and growth. filmstrip will describe how electrical generation and oil transport has affected 2. NATURAL RESOURCES - 109 frames the marine environment. It will also I The coastal waters of the Northeastern consider the meaning of progress as it United States are a rich source of marine relates to alternative energy sources and finfish and shellfish. This filmstrip to the future quality of our lives. will describe how seafood is caught and processed. The filmstrip will also THE CORAL REEF (I) examine some of the problems and 72 frames conflicts that presently confront the Ifishing industry such as overfishing, The nature and beauty of coral and coral environmental degradation and juris- reefs and the types of life which inhabit I dictional disputes. the reef are depicted. 3. WATER POLLUTION - HUMAN SEWAGE CREATURES OF THE SEA (I) 80 frames82fae This filmstrip explores the effects of 82fae human sewage on water quality and Tevreyo iei h e n h descibessevral ltenatie mthod ofprovinces in which the different types of I sewage treatment. life flourish are presented. 4. WATER POLLUTION - INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER WASTES - 86 frames Many of our wastes and by-products end up I in the ocean where, until recently, we believed that they were diluted, broken * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~25 LANDSCAPES OF THE SEA (I) 58 frames The structures of the ocean basin in the Arctic, Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are explored in this filmstrip. MIGHTY CURRENTS OF THE SEA (I) 64 frames SHARKS (I) Study of the currents of the world and SHARKS () 65 frames factors. affecting them such as the sun's 65 frames heat, rotation of the Earth and the wind are discussed in this filmstrip. The Ice The anatomy of sharks is compared to that are discussed in this filmstrip. The Ice o refs;rpoutotpso of true fish; reproduction, types of Age is also studied in the second half of sharks, accounts of shark attacks sharks, accounts of shark attacks, the program. feeding habits and their remarkable THE MIRACLE OF THE SEA (I) senses are also depicted in this 82 frames filmstrip. This filmstrip provides information on WATER IN MY ENVIRONMENT: ITS USE WATER IN MY ENVIRONMENT: ITS MISUSE the formation of our water planet and the WATER IN MY ENVIRONMENT: ITS MISUSE 70 frames structure of the ocean basins. Character- 70 frames istics of the Atlantic Coast are compared These two filmstrips focus on the uses, These two filmstrips focus on the uses, to those of the Pacific Coast. The effects of the currents, trade winds, sources, and abuses of water. Emphasis efecsfhcrrnttrais placed on the wide diversity of uses. tides, waves, temperature, salinity and ispae te i i sitofu At the same time it is important for students to realize that the use of water ROCKY SHORES (I) as a resource is going to result in a ~~~~39 frames ~certain amount of abuse. The trick is to 39 frames reduce that abuse as much as possible. Along many thousands of miles of Potential sources of pollution and some Along many thousands of miles of of the results of that pollution are shoreline is a tidal zone called rocky of the results of that pollution are shores. The variety of life that shown to focus on some of the trade-offs shores. The variety of life that inhabits this environment is shown and the precautions to be taken against inhabits this environment is shown. an inordinate amount of abuse. THE SEA OTTER WHALES WHALE S 45 frames 76 frames 76 frames An interesting filmstrip telling of the Adaptation of the vanishing giants, and Adaptation of the vanishing giants, and early history of man's hunt for the sea the history of whaling techniques are otter, continuing into the natural otter, continuing into the natural topics presented in this filmstrip. Also history of the otter's habits, range, and included are photographs of whalebone morphology. Tis filmstrip combines color art called scrimshaw. photographs and full color paintings into a 45-frame series on a unique marine mammal returning from near extinction. 26 overhead transparencies OCEANOGRAPHY STARFISH DEVELOPMENT 1 - CLEAVAGE 22 transparencies The one-cell stage is shown in hemi- Oceanographic features are colorfully section just before extrusion of the illustrated in cross-section so that the second polar body. Blastomere sizes and submarine forms can be studied and the cleavage planes are shown in the suc- terms understood. Ocean currents, ceeding three stages. trenches, ridges, basins, and volcanic regions are a few of the other features STARFISH DEVELOPMENT 2 - BLASTULA illustrated. Study of these is helpful in understanding today's developments in Four stages, morula to late blastula. the field of oceanography. Includes detailed study guide. STARFISH DEVELOPMENT 3 - GASTRULA SPONGE ANATOMY A young gastrula shows the archenteron in an early stage. A later gastrula demon- The structure of the sycon sponge strates the archenteric vesicle and (Scypha) is fully presented. Detailed mesenchyme cells. Tissues shown in three drawings of a flagellated chamber and a colors. single choanocyte are given. WATER CYCLE SPONGE LIFE CYCLEWAECYL Shows the pathways taken by water within The general cycle of a salt water sponge the biosphere. The relationship between is presented. animals and plants and the several water sources is given. SPONGE TYPES Presents each of three structural forms found in the Porifera. The path of water flow and the location of the flagellated choanocytes are shown. 27 recod CHESAPEAKE BORN clipper ships that once sailed the seven seas. 14 stereo selections. All of the pieces are songs performed individually by the composers either SONGS OF THE HUMPBACK WHALE acapella or with vocal, banjo and guitar accompaniment as the mood dictated at the Whale songs have probably' been heard, I time of recording. The selections are though seldom recognized as such, ever pleasantly balanced in mood and lyrical since man began to make voyages by sea. and rhythmic quality as well as in the In the literature of whaling, alone, I way each song is performed. there are many accounts of strange, ethereal sounds reverberating faintly The album includes a five page fold-out through a quiet ship at night, mystifying I brochure containing background and words sailors in their bunks. Long after such to the songs, pencil sketches of the Bay experiences were first mentioned, scien- area and bibliographical sketches on the tists were able to explain what caused artists. them. HEART OF OAK Listen to these "'songs"' which have been recorded by Dr. Roger S. Payne.I Traditional songs of our seafaring heri- tage sung by the X Seamens Institute, THE X SEAMENS INSTITUTE SINGS with historical notes on the songs and AT THE SOUTH STREET SEAPORTI lyrics inside. A rollicking quartet, the X Seamen's Institute thoroughly enjoy A hundred years ago seamen sang at their themselves, and that joy spreads whenever work, and on the forecastle head in the they sing their jaunty songs of the sea. dog watches, and in sailors pubs ashore. I Concert hall, pub and folk festival Chanties were sung and ships serenaded audiences have all applauded wildly and each other as late as 1907. It was a joined in on the choruses. The music of good tradition. It died slowly as the X has an infectious quality that sailing ships vanished from the scene. compels singing along! it is here revived by the X Seamens Institute, people with jobs in New York SONGS AND SOUNDS OF THE SEA City, who sing songs of the sea as a living and lively part of the South Hear gulls cry out and waves wash by as Street Restoration. Singing with them we the chanteyman and his bold shipmates honor a vanished breed, and maybe get a round Cape Horn, singing rousing work little joy and learning for the voyages songs and ballads. Share a twilight of our own lives. moment from the past that tells of theI hard and lonely life aboard the great 28 Stud prns I OCEAN METEOROLOGY THE SEA Six color pictures, backed by text and Six color prints, backed by text and illustrations, explaining sea breezes, illustrations, depict the following: I sea fog, tropical marine atmosphere, hurricanes, winds over the sea and 1. islands in the Sea - formation, fronts. identification, and influence on the sea. * ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~2. Sea Temperatures -the effects of OCEANOGRAPHY: VIEW FROM SPACE water temperature are discussed. 3. Shores of the Sea - the dynamics of I Series of 8 study prints from original the visible boundaries between the sea NASA space photographs reveal a range of and land and its value are explained. oceanography subjects. Whole-earth views 4. Salinity of the Sea - this very I from Applications Technology Satellite, importrant property of the sea is photographs from the Gemini, Apollo, and discussed. Skylab missions and from the LANDSAR 5. Currents in the Sea - the importance satellite provide a unique view of world of currents and their effects are I oceans, coastlines, sea-floor structures explained. and spreading, long-term movements of the 6. Waves in the Sea - types of waves and continents, the origin of coral reefs and terminology of waves are defined. I atolls. Photographs are backed by text and illustration. Includes a study Guide SED1IMENTS OF THE SEA FLOOR Print. Six color photographs, backed by text and I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~illustrations, describe sediment distri- bution, sediment sampling, terrigenous sediments, hydrogenous sediments, biogenous sediments, and pelagic clay. TOOLS OF OCEANOGRAPHY I ~~~~~~~~~~~~The scientific study of all aspects of the oceans, their boundaries and their contents is conducted through various I ~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~methods. This series of six color prints, backed by text and illustrations, portray surface research vessels, submersibles, FLIP - an oceanographic buoy, SCUBA, oceanographic instruments and computer. 29 publcations THE ADVENTURES OF LITTLE OYSTER Virginia. Part One: June, 1958. 12 pp. 3 Part Two: September, 1962. 10 pp. Part Robert S . Bailey and Fred C. Biggs. One discusses general information about 1968. Virginia Institute of Marine this crustacean, its mating habits, Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia. For spawning, early development, growth, younger children up to grade 6, the story migration and diet. Also includes of Little oyster's life unfolds. definitions of blue crab terms. Part Two Illustrated. 23 pp. $0.40. deals specifically with the fishery of 3 the crab, including crab pots, trotlines U AQUACULTURE THESAURUS. and dredges. $0.10 each. James A. Lanier, Frances L. Lawrence, COASTAL OCEANIC AWARENESS Elaine V. Collins and Mary B. Hollinger. STUDIES (COAST) INVENTORY 1977. Scientific Report 79. The National Aquaculture information System Delaware Sea Grant Program, University of is a computerized bibliographic system Delaware, Newark. A multidisciplinary - covering recent aquaculture research and collection of learning experiences technological progress. This publication designed to increase the knowledge of the presents the cross-referenced alphabet- general student about the marine coastal ized list c~f descriptor terms available environments. $0.20. for information retrieval. Instructions for using the system are included. 145 COMMON SEA SHELLS OF DELAWARE pp. $3.00. Glenn H. Aprill. Marine AdvisoryI BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Services Publication, University of f Delaware, Newark. This informative pam- Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. phlet on mollusks, bivalves and gastro- April, 1975. Sea Grant Marine Advisory pods is illustrated and has photographs Publication, University of California, of the various shells found in both 3 Berkeley. The diversity of plant and Delaware and Virginia. Leaflet. $0.10. animal life in the ocean is discussed in this booklet. Food chains, food pyramids and plankton (both plant and animal) areI described. 5 pp. $0.10. THE BLUE CRAB AND ITS FISHERY IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY W. A,'. Van Engel. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, 30 DEVELOPING CRAB CREEK: FIFTEEN EURASIAN WATER MILFOIL I POINTS OF VIEW ON ECONOMY AND ECOLOGY IN AN ESTUARY Dexter Haven. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Frances L. Lawrence. 1980. VIMS-Sea Virginia. The pest plant Myriophyllum I Grant Educational Series Number 27. spicatum is a serious problem in' many Important legislative decisions being areas. The biology of the plant , the made and implemented now will affect the destruction that it causes and the use of I Commonwealth's marine resources for many herbicides as a control measure are years to come. This high school level discussed. 3 pp. $0.05. simulation game is designed for classroom Muse, and provides students with insight FISH: THE MOST-ASKED QUESTIONS into some of the scientific, economic, political, and personal interactions NOAA.- April 1973. A bouillabaise of involved in the coastal resource fascinating facts about shellfish, other I management process in Virginia. The invertebrates and finfish in the marine publication includes simulation game environment. 8 pp. SO.15. directions, a bibliography of related I teaching materials and audio-visual aids, A GUIDE TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF addresses of state and federal agencies MARINE PLANTS AND INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS involved, and a reference package. OF TIDEWATER VIRGINIA 32 pp. $2.00. Virginia Berry Niemeyer and Dorothy M. ECOLOGY OF THE INTERTIDAL ZONE Martin. 1967. Virginia institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, I Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. Virginia. This is a guide to the f lora 1975. Sea Grant Marine Advisory and fauna of Tidewater Virginia collected Publication, University of California, during the summer of 1963. It is not Berkeley. This booklet defines the intended to be complete, but rather repre- I intertidal zone and describes the sentative of the more abundant species of adaptations of life the organisms of this 1963. Collecting and preservation tips, I zone must exhibit in order to survive, classification and description of plants 4 pp. $0.10. and -animals, a glossary and references are included. Illustrated. 82 pp. ESTUARY ECOLOGY $2 .00. I Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. 1975. Sea Grant Marine Advisory I Publication, University of California, Berkeley. 'The importance of the estuary is discussed as breeding and nursery I area, feeding ground and resting spot for marine animals. Man's effect on the estuary and future of the estuary is mentioned. A glossary is included. 4 pp. $0.10. * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~31 GUIDE TO THE MARINE EDUCATION MATERIALS SYSTEM (MEMS) Susan C. Gammisch and James A. Lanier. 1979. VIMS-Sea Grant Educational Series Number 22. This resource guide contains gull directions on how to retrieve information from the Marine Education Materials System (MEMS), a comprehensive collection of educational documents with a marine emphasis. Included in the Guidebook is a listing of all the publications entered into the system through December 1978, a thesaurus of descriptors, and an index of descriptors and accession numbers. Users can retrieve information by subject content and/or grade level. Author and grade level indexes are included on Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. microfiche inside the back cover. 1977. Sea Grant Marine Advisory 138 pp. S5.0O. Publication, University of California, Berkeley. If you have visited the seashore, you have probably seen gulls C. and Jon K. Hooper. and many other birds. But how many of Augustopher74. SeawGrantMarineeAdvisoy these birds can you identify? With a August 1974. Sea Grant Marine Advisory ltl rcieadtehl fago Publication, University of California, lirdlidenticathe help of a good Berkley Th tehniue f Jpanse ish bird identification book, you can easily Berkeley.nTheteingisuexofJapained.seafle 0learn to recognize many seashore birds by printing is explained. Leaflet. $0.20. thi sze sap, clr an ohr their size, shape, color, and other IDENTIF'YING BLUEFIN TUNA distinctive features. 7 pp. $0.20. JAMES RIVER HYDRAULIC MODEL Frederick H. Berry. Reprinted from Underwater Naturalist Volume 10, No. 2. Lawrence W. Mason and Fred C. Biggs. A guide to aid the public in the identi- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, fication of all the bluefin tuna. Gloucester Point, Virginia. A descrip- Leaflet. 4 pp. Free. tion of how the model of the River was built, its purposes and its uses are IDENTIFYING INTERTIDAL PLANTS AND ANIMALS summarized in this pamphlet. 7 pp. $0.25. Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. 1976. Sea Grant Marine Advisory CONSUMER'S GUIDE TO KEPONE AND SEAFOOD Publication, University of California, Berkeley. This guide is designed to help Governor's Kepone Task Force. 1977. you start learning the common intertidal Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, organisms of California. Use the refer- Virginia. The discovery of Kepone in ences to help identify the organisms and Virginia's environment and the lack of to learn more about their biology. information about its long-term effect on 10 pp. $0.20. human health has shaken consumer confidence in the safety of seafoods and is only being restored. This booklet will help you make more informed choices about eating seafood. 8 pp. Free. 32 KEY TO SOME OF THE MARINE MARINE RESOURCES OF ATLANTIC COAST DIATOM GENERA IN VIRGINIA WATERS (LEAFLETS) R. A. Mulford and M. N. Roberts, Jr. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries 1965. Virginia Institute of Marine Commission, 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia. NW, Washington, DC 20036. Preliminary generic identifications of diatoms with descriptions and drawings to 1. Out of print. supplement the key. Glossary and 2. Atlantic Menhaden... A most Abundant bibliography included. 23 pp. $0.25. Fish. December, 1975. 4 pp. $0.12. MARINE EDUCATION BIBLIOGRAPHY 3. The Soft-shell Clam. October, 1965. 4 pp. $0.12. Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. 4. Southern Shrimp. October, 1965. October, 1975. Sea Grant Marine Advisory 6 pp. $0.17. Publication, University of California, 5. The American Lobster. October, Berkeley. A selected bibliography of 1966. 6 pp. $0.17. marine resource topics including algae, 6. Summer Flounder. October, 1966. marine birds, environment and biology, 4 pp. $0.12. fish and fisheries, invertebrates and 7. American Shad. October, 1966. seashore life, marine mammals, oceanog- 4 pp. $0.12. raphy and SCUBA diving. Not annotated. 8. Striped Bass. October, 1966. 4 pp. 16 pp. $0.25. $0.12. 9. Haddock. October 1968. 4 pp. MARINE MAMMALS $0.12. 10. Out of print. Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. 11. Oyster. October, 1968. 8 pp. May 1975. Sea Grant Marine Advisory $0.20. Publication, University of California, 12. Marine Bait Worms. June, 1970. Berkeley. Whales, dolphins, seals, sea 4 pp. $0.12. lions, walruses and sea otters are warm- 13. Spotted Sea Trout. June, 1970. blooded, air breathing marine mammals 4 pp. $0.12. that nourish their young on mother's 14. Hard Clam. December, 1975. 8 pp. milk, just like land animals. This $0.20. booklet offers information on each of the 15. Silver Hake. October, 1973. 4 pp. marine mammals and also includes a $0.12. glossary and references. Illustrated. 16. Spiny Dogfish. October, 1973. 7 pp. $0.20. 4 pp. $0.12. 17. Edible Blue Crab. October, 1973. MARINE MANPOWER: AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT 8 pp. $0.20. 18. Weakfish. September, 1976. 4 pp. Edward F. Mackin and Roger D. Anderson. $0.12. May, 1976. MTS Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4. Employment settings of marine careers are Characteristics, distribution, harvest- defined. Includes tables of 1975 marine ing, biology, spawning, uses and research employment by industry and by occupa- of each of the species is discussed in tional family, also projected 1980 each publication put out by the Atlantic figures. 12 pp. $0.20. States Maine Fisheries Commission in their series entitled Marine Resources of the Atlantic Coast. 33 OCEAN CURRENTS PREPARATORY STUDIES Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, January, 1976. Sea Grant Marine Advisory Gloucester Point, Virginia. Lists Publication, University of California, entrance requirements for the graduate Berkeley. Types of current and experi- program of the School of Marine Science ments for the study of currents are of the College of William and Mary. illustrated. One sheet. $0.05. Free. THE OCEANS AND YOU PRESSING ALGAE Marine Technology Society. 1739 M Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. Street, NW, Suite 412, Washington, D.C. December, 1975. Sea Grant Marine The Oceans and You, prepared by the Advisory Publication, University of Marine Technology Society, answers many California, Berkeley. Instructions for questions about the oceanography field, the mounting of algae are listed. such as employment outlook, education in Includes a list of materials needed, a the field, existing publications, glossary and a reference list. One existing organizations, etc. Designed sheet. $0.05. for students of all ages and anyone interested in finding out what the SAMPLING PLANKTON oceanography field is like. Order form free (publication costs $3.00 from MTS, Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. Washington, D.C.). May, 1976. Sea Grant Marine Advisory Publication, University of California, PHYLA Berkeley. Describes a method of col- lecting plankton with a nylon stocking. Oceanographer of the Navy, Washington, Illustrated. One sheet. $0.05. D.C. The various phyla, classes and others are defined and illustrated; from SENSING THE SEA (Kindergarten - Grade the microscopic one-celled animals up to One) the largest chordates. 12 pp. $0.35. Ellen Odell-Fisher and Ronald N. Giese. PHYS ICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 1979. VIMS-Sea Grant Educational Series Number 23. A curriculum guide in marine Christopher M. Dewees and Jon K. Hooper. education for grades kindergarten and February, 1976. Sea Grant Marine one. The major project involves the set Advisory Publication, University of up and maintenance of a saltwater California, Berkeley. The ocean floor, aquarium by students. Inclusion of tides, waves, nature of seawater and various animals and plants provide ample upwelling are described. Includes marine biology lessons to spur the references and illustrations. 9 pp. interest of young minds. 44 pp. $2.00. $0.20. PLANKTON Dr. Paul A. Sandifer. The International Marine Angler, March-April, 1974. The importance and role in the food chain of both phytoplantkon and zooplankton are discussed. 4 pp. $0.10. 34 SENSING THE SEA (Grades Two-Three) TIPS ON KEEPING SALTWATER AQUARIA I Ellen Odell-Fisher and Ronald N. Geise. James A. Lanier III and Fred C. Biggs. 1978. VIMS-Sea Grant Educational Virginia institute of Marine Science, Publication. The overall purpose of this Gloucester Point, Virginia. Four very unit is to arouse curiosity and interest important points - new water, over- I in the aquatic environment through crowding, overfeeding and toxic materials involvement. The teacher's role is one - are discussed to assist you with your I of asking divergent questions for which saltwater aquarium. Don't -let the "noot" the student proposes possible solutions ruin your aquarium! Leaflet. Free. rather than deciding specific "correct" answers. Throughout these lessons, the VIRGINIA'S ANADROMOUS FISHES AND I process of investigation is most im- THE SHAD IN VIRGINIA WATERS portant. Facts about specific content are vehicles for developing interest in William H. Massman and Robert S. Bailey. I the marine environment and for teaching Reprinted from Virginia Wildlife, April, inquiry skills. 53 pp. $2.00. 1956. Sent as 'one publication. The long and hazardous spawning migration of SHIPWORMS AND OTHER MARINE BORERS Virginia's anadromous fishes - marine * ~~~~~~~~~~~~fishes that migrate to fresh water for Michael Castagna. 1961. Virginia spawning (river herring, rockfish, white Institute of Marine Science, Eastern perch, sturgeon and sea lamprey) are I Shore Laboratory, Wachapreague, Virginia. discussed in this publication. Also The classification, description, distri- included are a brief history of the shad bution and damage caused by mollusks run, angling for shad and a description * (shipworms), crustaceans (gribbles) and of American shad, hickory shad, glut other groups are discussed. Control and herring and alewife. Illustrated. 4 pp. prevention are also mentioned. 6 pp. $0.10. $0.10. VIRGINIA'S MARSHES AND TIDAL SMALL OCEANS WETLANDS OF VIRGINIA I Barbara Waters. 1977. Bulletin Distri- Virginia Wildlife. January, 1972. What bution Center, Cottage A, Thatcher Way, a marsh is and its contribution to the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. ecosystem are briefly discussed. A plea I The 4-H Leader's Guide to the art of to save this valuable environment and a setting up, maintaining and observing pictoral description of the definitional sealife in a marine aquarium encourages wetlands are also included. Two sheets. young people to understand and appreciate Free. these strange creatures and eventually to I realize how human lives and life of these WHO PAYS FOR A CLEAN STREAM? unique animals are intertwined and balanced. 29 pp. $2.00. League of Women Voters. April, 1966. Funding is the main problem in water pollution, not lack of knowledge. This paper published by the League of Women I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Voters answers the title question. 4 pp. $0.25. 35