[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I zq t) - / O. L/)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ---
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @-- ,-. ...... . I...I.-.1... .- --., I. .... I I . I....... .11 ..... .1 .. -. . .... ......... ... .I.... I .1 @. ..... - -.11, ...''..'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. ,. I I :: . ,''....' .... ..@..... ... @ - @ I .. I ... I 1. I . ...' . I..., '..'.......'.."....,'. . . . . I!I.: . I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ., _:........'... . . . '' ::@ @............ .....'.... .............' ...I. .................. I. I......... I .:.:.: ... ::.:: . @.@ @@ ,-..". I., @, I I. ...:::::::::::::.:::::::::::::: ::::, I ...'..'...--@. .,.'.'...'..'..'.. @..'.'..'.'@.... 1. I...... I'l-, ......... @...@.:@..qii@K@ 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1:1II -@ ::. .: ::: .. - 1. .,. . . ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .1. I 1- @ -.... . .I@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.,.@.@@.@@.@...@.@..".........@........ ... ..... .-- . ... ... @ .- ...,.:::. . I....I... 9 -... --.-...@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..:.:.:.:.: ........@.... @ ..' .... '. .@ .. ..... .. .. .. .. .. [email protected]. .. - -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,.::: :: !:@ @:@:.:i:::@: :.@:::*@@::::I:@?@. . . . .:.@,:...:::::::::::;::::::::::::..:;@...I...@.,@,@@'@..I,..I.I..@I........,@. . I- , ' . - . : : - : ''@ @':::1&:: :::r:@ 991....:.@@@.. I.....'..,I.I....,...,@.@,@@@@[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . ... I @ @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..r. . . .rr@rr@@99999999rrr.9..9. . ...9..@I.... . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:@.@.,,.,r :: ,r@&@@II,,@'9@@@@@@@@@,.,.9.9.r. . .,@:. . ......,.@,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,:.:. . . . . [email protected]@@[email protected].:..I...,@.9. . . . . .9. . . . . . . .r.r.@r-..@'@9..99.9.9.919.9.91.19.9&.%@.r@9r. . .@. . . . . . .@@ . . . . .@[email protected].........@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        III. . [email protected]. . . ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ;;.@j;@i@: @ @ i @ @ @ j @ @ @ @i@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@:@@@::@@@@@@@@:@@.....I...'... .'.&.r.....::::.:::::::...:.& .: ,:.:.9:9..::'.. . .:..:...@@.@@@,'&' I...I. . . ... @@@.....@.. ".... &&I..&I,.,.,I.,I..r.9.99,91r...9.9.......@rr@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @I@@@@@.:.,::[email protected]'Ir,,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .::r@..,.,.Ir..r@rr. . .@@.rr...9... . . .... ..& 9 . . .....'....,::,::,@... . . . .@......@.@&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :;::::r.:.@:.:.::::::. 4: ..::::::::::.:....@@. . . .r. . . . . . .911r.rr::;r@rr1,&19,r,I,9,19,[email protected]. 1.9111. . .r.. .r [email protected]. . .&@@.... . . .r::&:@::::@.-r::::'::.,..rr9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :.:..:[email protected]..:r..................,[email protected]. . .9..r@r_ @.9. . .9,9,r@&9.99,II,9,..,9.1.,9,.,.,.,r,@9r...:r::::::[email protected].,@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r-..r@ @. . . .. . . . . .&.IIIIIIIIIII.@& . . . . ...@I...,....... . . . .II.9r,.,,r.II. . . . . . ...r..r...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .r::,: . . .:rI....@9,..r. . . . . .r.r.r @. 9. . . . . . . . . ...r. . . . . . . .@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :9 r: . . .I. . .I..................... .&.. .. .'.@[email protected]@[email protected]. . . .. . . . . . ..II..99@ @.9.r..r.. . . . . . ...9. . .&@. . . [email protected]. . . . . . . .9. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :.::@@::@@@:@::@@@@@:@@:@@:i@i] :i: @@::@@@:@@@@@@@@@.::@. :@@@r. . . . . . . . ....9.9..&..... .'..@.'r@&.I&II.&&.II.. . .... . .&. ,9999:::r: :.:::-..:.:@:r::9:9:::9,:.:.:r:r,..:9,9:.:.::'.:''..:'@,.r.@'........r@r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..,r.....@.'.I.''..II..I,:&,9.: ": :.:.:[email protected]:.,.::'::I:':r:.:': F:.'r&.':..9,,..:.:::':....9.91.9@......@[email protected]... . . . . . ...@....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r.......I.....I...........&,,&-&,:. . .'.. . . . . .I... ....I.9r...9r@-@. . .... . . .r.............I..,@..I...I....,.91.&..@,rr. . . .. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ::...9,I. . . . . . ..9.9.r9911911...9::!.,,. _99_...:r:rr. . . .. . . .9.rr,.r...@. . . . . . . .I..I. . [email protected].&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@:@:@@::::::.@:::@:@@:::@@::@:@@::@@:@@@@@ @: @, --r@.@[email protected]..,[email protected]:9::::::,:':9,,99,I,991,9,,r,r,rI&9,9,@9 @'.r@. . . . . .@....,,.&.I...I.r.@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,.&..@,,r,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...,91:9,,r:..r@. . .r. . .r. . . .9@.:r.':r:..rr@r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9....9. . . .&.@. . .I...,........ . .99.,.,....,.....I.r.... ....II.. .1...19&. . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.,..,,.,.....9..&@r.. . .rr'..I....rI9..I..9@.&@. . . .r.r.rr..r.I
         I @ 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ..:::::'::::,@:.:: :::.:::::.:::.::::,.r. . . .. . .. ... . . . . . . .r..r.II....@. . .@[email protected].......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]@....r.....II.r.I. . . . . .r.999.::::::::::::::::::::.:@@&rrr.'.'.'.@.:.'.:@'9:9'..''...I.....9_..r. . . .,rr@.:.:.....:.:.:,:,[email protected],9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..r,r@:rr:rr.rr..r.r
                      -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ..........,..&. @. @.rr...'...... . . . .,[email protected]@919@99,.rr.r.r..r.r. . . . . . . .9.9.9...9...9.9.9..9.....9... . 9...I1 9 1 9 1 . ... @r..'rrr.....r.I.I. . . . .9@[email protected]. . . ..@[email protected]. . . [email protected]@...@r.@. . . . .9..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        !.:::!:.::::.:::: ::::@::r.:,.,.;r9..........9.I,.,.,....,.I,...,..-I [email protected]..@........,...........,............,.,.....,..,.,... @. . @' @9.@@. . . . . . . . .&. . .@.@. . .91,[email protected]........ . . .191.@@@@.@@.@rr@r@@r.'9,@9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9 . I - . .. . . . . . .. .@. . . .I . I . .r. . . .r. . . . . . .I &. .&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...........@.....................&I., .......... . . . . . . . . ..-:.:::.:.:. :.:9.,Irr. . . . . . . . . . . . ..@.:. . .:F:r:;,::99.r:.:.:.:.:.:9:@q:r:.:@::.:I@I@II1..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .@@.@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @...... . . . . . .. . .............................r. rrr,.................-. .. . . . ..:::,.......9.9.r@... . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I I I I I I II r Ir r I I
                        I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ..:::.,,::@::,&',,.I.,.I.I.I.I.I..I.II.I.1 . . .I. . .I.I...,....9."...' @'.::::::II:r:::::::::::::..:,::@:@:@:@ ... ......@....,...,[email protected]@@@@rrrr.rr..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r:;:::::r:.:I.@@&.@[email protected]...&.r.9r. . .9..'rr......I...&I.I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:.::*IIIr.,I.rr..9r,&r,rr,..I..,rIrrr..'.:.:..:,:.:.:,@'@.....:,9.9;&r@r@.:.I.r:r:.:9....,:9r.'@.@r@r@@@9I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I. . . . . .r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .&.@..@. . . . . .. . .@. . . .Irrrr. . . . . . ..r.@I. . . .r...,[email protected],I...I::.:.,.I.,9,:9'I.r@I@:@::@:III.I9I9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..I..I&r:.:-::-:......:... . . .. . . .. . . . ... . .*. . [email protected]:.. . . . . . . . . . . [email protected],
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .9r.rr.@Ir. . . . . . . . [email protected]@..,.r9.I&II@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . . . . ...I. . . . . . . . .91. . .... . . . .9.,@@.r..r...r..r.I....99@.&,,&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .I..... . .I1911111111rI&'&. . .. . .r. . . . . . ..@.@@. . . . . .@@@@. . .I&@@[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @..:.::.:..:.::.:::::, ::.::::::,:::,9,,@,,,,'..'.9,",,,,,-,r,.,,.,.,r.,.,.,.@.....,[email protected].'[email protected]@..9...."@.......I.II.1@.@[email protected]....@...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .@@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.Ir. . .r'..,&.@r. . . [email protected]&&@[email protected]..,..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @. . . ... . . . . . .@I@@. . . . .,&&.................I........I.@ 1, -9rrrrrrrrrr.rr....,........&.@@I,IIIII@@@@@.,,@r.r............,II@rr999..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .. . .I.I.&I@. . . . . . . [email protected]@.........9....,I.....I.I@@.@[email protected]@r....@III.&.@[email protected],.rr.I...9999.r.@.......,[email protected]......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r9... . . .@,[email protected]..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @:@@@@@@@@@@@@@,:@r:@@@; ::@@@@ @@ @@@:d:r@@@:@@@@:@@j::@@..99....,&@@@@.@[email protected][email protected]. . . .99@. . . . ....I..@@9@,r@.,&..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9.III.&@. . .@I@.@@@... . . .9....r. . ...I@@rr..@@II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .&&&.&&. . . . .@. . ...9r.I.,@. . . . . .@...@r@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rr9.@II&.I&...&@@. .@.@@ . . [email protected]..,...99999..........-,.@@@.@.@.,I,91r99.,rII.I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I. . . .9@.,@. . .9.@9r. . . . . .@. . ..IIr@,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.III.I,I..@..,.... ...,.9@r..@..........,.@@..........,,I.:rr.@9...'[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..:*::.:,@I.... . .. . .. . .@&.@. . .III&r..@@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:::::::.,9.,'[email protected][email protected]. . ..r. . . .@. . . .&@... . . .rr9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . r r . r .19@ . . I. . .. .. . ..r. . & @ @. . .I I , & ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r,I,.,r....,9999rr.r.99. . . . . . . . [email protected]..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]@.......II....I.1..1.I,I,I&@@@@:,rr:[email protected].
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Irrr. . .II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :9:::d:::9.r::::::::. . .,,rIIIII19rrrrIIIII'I. . . .@&@&..,@r:r:@:@:I@r... . . . .'.I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .....,...r,..r.9.I.r@I,."'.I9.91.r.. . . . . .I.:::r::::9.'',:'..'9...:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :::,:.@::::....I,&@@@@[email protected]...... [email protected]. . . . ..@[email protected]@rr9.rr....I.....II...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. . . .. . . .. .I . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . ..:::. ::::.:::::::::.:'::@.::::I.9.9.r.. . .''II..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @:::''*,r&'-.-::::::: ::::: @::.:::::::::::&r.@@. . .....I . I.r:rr9'''r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r r. . 9 . 9 . r r. . . .@ I I I I r @ I .. . I .. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:::9 :._r.:.:_@::::':::::..9::9:.@:r..r. . .9,..@@.rrrr.r.r.r.r.r...999. . .r....:.,I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I I r I I I 1 9 1 9 1 1 r I r I I I I@. . . . . .I @r ::. . .: . : : . ,:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . .. . . . .9 9r. . . . .. . . . . . ., r r . . r . 9 r .. . .I II I I. . .I. . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :::::::.::.:::::::::::::::::::::..,.....I.@@r@..@..@. .. @[email protected]...@.'99.............,....9,.99.99....r@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . @ . I . I@ @ @,. . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . .I . @ . .. r. . .I .I I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected][email protected]. . . . . . . .9,r....... . ..,-@@.I.,9rrr:..r..::...:::... . . .:@r@:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r. . . . . . .... . ...9..9r I..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I...... . . . ... &.1.... ................&. . . . . . .. . .@ .::-::.:;::9@@rr@I:I:''.'. . . .&.','.'''I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ... . . . . .,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ::..-..,:.:@ r:..;:.:.:.:9:9:9:9::::F::::::::...99....,9 :.:...9@:...r:'r..9...9.9....9.......,.,I..rI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .. r. . I @ @. . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:.:.:.:.::.:.,.:,@.:,rI:::I.:.::::::::::...,................,......'..I,. &9.9.rr.@'::9,::.,r:::.9r::.:.:::.@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rIIIIII19..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @...............;:.:.r:r.:.:.:..999.r.9rr.r....9...... .. &.III@. . .I.19.@ .9rrr.r..............I..9Ir..r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . r r . r . .. . .. . . .. . r 9. .. . .I I . 1 9 9 9 .. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.. . . . . .. . . . .@.@. . . .r. . . . ....19r.r. . . . . .@''@.... . .99999.. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        &. @[email protected],.@.,.@..,.&I.......,...,.9r,r.r.....I.'.'.'.9.I,@.@[email protected]...........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .::@@::::::@.:;:@@:@:@@@i@:*:. @@:@@@:!@@@@:@@@@:: @@;@@I@.,[email protected]. . . . . [email protected][email protected]. . .9... . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.....1992 ..'rr.....I... . . . .I@. . . . [email protected]........,....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9 r. @ @. . .@ 9 .9 .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        , r r . . 9. . . .r ,. . . . ., 9 . . 9 . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . @ .@9. . .9 . I. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @:,...@.@@......;... . .@rr. . ..9...@r99r9.............
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,:..:,@':@:.:::::::::[email protected].&.,@@@@..I..I9. . ..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :*:::::*..j@.::::::j,:::@I::. .:.:::::r:::j9:99@: *-.r.........I&&@@@.,I@,I,I.9. . .. . ... . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :r:ii@i ::::@@i::@i:i:;:@:@:@:j:@ :::rr@ :@:@::F:::@;@ :@:j::r...I..@::.:::,:.:.:.::,...,:::..:@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:::..:.:.':'@:::::':9.:..::::.:r::,:,:.:::::
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . r9. . & . @@ I I I . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        IIIIIr9rIrIIIIIII19.9rr.,.9.9.r...&. . . .,,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9. . .r. . . .IIIr,,r. . . . . . . .,,.. . .r9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,Ir.&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :IIIrI:::::@:rrr:.:I:.. . ..:9:[email protected].
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1::9 .: r99r:::::::::d:::::::d:::::::: ::::::::.'..:: Michigan Coastal Management [email protected]@.I. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :9;::r::.::@:r. . . . . . .9rr_r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...9@@@@.r. . ...99...I.I@&9..r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. . .&..@@,...9..@. . . .. . .,[email protected].
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . I. @ . @ . I ..9. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:.::,*:.:::::r. . .*'*. '.*.'.I'@.' ...9,I,.@@..99.......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . I. . .. . @. . .. . . @ . @ . . I I . . I,. 9 9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9.9@.. . . . . . ...9. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I. . . . . . .@ @. . . .. 9 .. .. . .@ . ..9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . 9 . @ &. . . . . .@. . . .@ . . @9 9 . 9 @ @ .. . .. . 1 9&.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . & . I & @ . . I . I . 9 1 . I I . @ .9 9 9 .. ..,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .&.@&. . . . . . . .III. [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :,@[email protected]....... . . . .91,.II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . @. .. . . .9 . I . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9..::@:: :@@:.]:::::j:,:'@::: 9 . ., I I@.@..@@...II.I.III199.99..9. . ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        , ,. . . . . . . . ... 9. . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :::: @*@ r@I@I@I@@I@'@:@:j*:I:.@r:.r:.:d..9r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9:::.:::::::*@ @@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@i@@i@: Final Report:&.I.I.I@9999. . .9. . . ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . : : : : : : : : : : . : . . . .I . . .. . 9 . . , . . . . . . . .. . . r . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9::::::: X.::::!:::::::::::::::.,&:.I....................@..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I . . . r I . .. . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]@II. . . .& I@@r. . . . .r. . . ....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . . .r @ .. . @ @ @ @ . . 9 9 . . . .. . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . . .:::::::::.. 9 . I .I,@.@.......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @@@@@@@i@@@@@@@:j@:@@ :@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@i:[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . 9 r. . . . . . .I r. . r .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .@ @ . . , ' @ r . r . . . @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . .:..@r1: ':':':':':':':' -:-:-: ':':':':'::'.'.':'@I,rrr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @@:@@@:@@@@@:@@@::@ :@ @@:@@:@@@@@@@@@@:..rr.r.,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        -. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . .r . . @. . . . . . . . . ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9 r . r . r. . . . . .. . @ . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .9. . .@ 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..:.::::.,9r. :.:IIr&I..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r. . .I...i@:@@@@@@@@@@@:a/ D'r:r:@r:.:r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @@i@@@@:@@@@...":' r- 1193 r r 9 . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r .i@@ ...@.. 9/1 r.,:::.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:::::.::::]I:..,.: . . . ..:.:9..:@r..I..I@@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..9..9r@@@@,,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..9 . r . .. . .9 @ r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9r. . . . . . . . .9. . . .....,.9.9. . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ::::::.:::::::::. . ....III..9..,.,.....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...9....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        : : : : :::: : : : : : : : : : : : :& & & . @ @ ,@.9 . 9 1 ,9..@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @ @ .. . I I I I. r r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . .I . I. . .r . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . @ r .. . . .. . . .. . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . . .. r. . . . . .9 9 .. . . . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .. . . .. . . .@. .. . . . . .. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :..:::::.:-:.@@.....r.9. . .. . . .r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .9 1. . .. . r . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9.9..r..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . .. . . . . . . .. . I@ . . .. . . .@ . @ @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ....9.rr..@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r:.:@:I:@:::::::,:,::,:::' . . . ....@@@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...I.rr..r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @&,,,19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.r... . .9.....@r9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rr:r:r:rrr:.;rr;9::9:&9.@.@...,,.,9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ::: .::@:::@:@:0*.@.@@.9,I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @&.I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @::rr@&919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :- ..... 9... Maritime Museum Facility Development Stud ..r.- 1.1-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        -. .. .... ,. I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ....... .1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . r. . ... 9 . & I I I II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @I. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        II.1.r............y9,r.IIII
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        &IIII
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I ..,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..r. . . . . . .@ .@@19r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:. . . .. . .91111,99.I....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        & @@. . .I . 1 9 9 .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . & . @ @. . . .9 ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r .@.@@. . . . .19 9 .9 9 9. ... . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ....@@@@I@[email protected],I.9199@........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @@@.@@.,...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . r. . . . . . .. . I & I ,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .. . . . .I I I . I. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @. . . . . . . . .. , , I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@@. . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        '.'............... Empire, MI ... 11-9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        && -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I . I. . . .,19 . r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .. . . .. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r ' r. . . . .19, . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r...@,.. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . @I . I .. 9 . r. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ....9...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ... . . .9@I..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..r. . . .r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . .rr .. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . ..@ @I I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.I,.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . .@ . I. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @. . . . . . .@ . I I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. . ..@@.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @II&@. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I..&.&9.r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rr@I.@@99.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ... . .@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r. . [email protected]@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @[email protected]...'[email protected]@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .&.&-..r.9Ir@,,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . .& 1 9 9 . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @ @ & @ @ @. I@ @ I .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .rI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . r I .9 @ @ @ I. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .rr.r@II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . [email protected]. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . .91..I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .9 9 , ,. r I. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9 . . 9 . @@ . @& I I I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .9, 9. . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . 9 9 . . . 9 . .@I-/@@. . . . . . .. . . I . r .. @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9 . . @ .. . . . .. r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .......... .. ..1.1 ... . ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .. . . . . . . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .9. . . . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .9. . .@ . r @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .. . . . . . .@ &
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . ..r r. . .r . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .Ir..&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..rr..r,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rrr.I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,r.I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .r.r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..r@r@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r. . .@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rrrrr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .....@...@'@.@,@@@,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected].@&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @&,,I:r::
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .-...@@9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@...@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @...,".@@@19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        *,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]..@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .. . . .r.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9@9....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .9.r@I,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .@,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,..9..@@I,I.,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.I.&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        999
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9.I.,@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9.I'.-99.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..r,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .r..I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rrr.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,.r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        99..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @..I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9..9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r.:dIr9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .@I&..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .II..9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .
             10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .....-..@@r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I.r..9r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,@..r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .@;I..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .@[email protected]@- - --- @- . @' &@@'.@@.."
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .....I..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r.II--.,9@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. r-- H 0 -R-E N'S -.-.- .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r. ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I9..9-@I-II.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I.II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected].'@ H 0 fkQC I AUTO UV6W(I;: - ..,,&r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...I.I.I'.... . .9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9. . . . .-----_- -,-..9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9.I. . .Ir@-- __: , @99...9....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .-.. . . .... . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...........--- - @-..9. . .r,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..'..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,@. . . .---9....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .I.....I...r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .11@&@- - , K. - @--. . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I. . . . .-... . . . . .I@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,...........9 - -. . . . . ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected] -.9-I...r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...r@..,@[email protected]'ll - --... . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .- -- - --..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .... 1,@...I---- --..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r,.. @... - --911r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        **::- '.-.999...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        --- ...9....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        &...-.-Z- 7- .. ---...@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,..@I,..&..r.-.----.Ir
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        II......- ...--,...19.r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I.I.,I&-.E..:.r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..99.- @@@----.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..,.@.. . .r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        --II@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I. . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..I..II-9r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .9.,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.III..I-GE --..,,.9....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r. . ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9..........9......,...,@I .'.....,I.,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ................,.r9@: @'..-'.I..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. . . .I'.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r..r......9........ @@..:'..,@...91I.I..r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@.@. . . . . .@&@... 1 .99 .,...,.9....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ......r.,@.,.@@ ,I'. -Z @..,:-II1;11@9,9,.9..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I.9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r . ... . .I I . . I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r.r....,.,9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rr.. ... .I... ... I ,:.1.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .9. . ..*
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.rr.I..I-@- @@--'19..@. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .rI,,r,9,.-7-;' -,I.........I....@@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r.r.....4.@;-' -;@.I,...r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .. . .9119.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r..I,,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .. . . [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . ...,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . . .@ r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .......9....I:t iI, P -`::.. . ..9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ....99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rr,.9,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r..,@,.I.I. .-.--@ @@'@-- - @' ..r.9..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r-r....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @...I..9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.....I-... ....r..,.....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ... . .,I"..I=15 r '-- -_- ' -,...,.9......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..:r,r;! @ , .--.......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @-----...I..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @-. 'i---@@-- [email protected]....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I..... . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .--rrrrr....9......9.@@,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @@. . .. . ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,...@,''W-.....II. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .::,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@@.. . . . .II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @[email protected].:i
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        -. . .. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @:.:::r@::@@r:@.::,.:d@--@._':--@; -- --";[email protected],..@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :....@II. . . . .,II.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :::@: .:.:::::;::..-@ , @@-I,I ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .::....,..-'- ' '..1!@i@I I11II@2.@--, . . . . . . . ...r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r..-----,@@......... . .I....9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .::@-... @@ .1..1,@[email protected]...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r'--.9. . . . .9....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r:,, :::::r:r:r:[email protected].@..@@,@&,',r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ':.I,.::::"-- -3--:9:,9:':9.9'99:'@':rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r.rr.-. .t@ .-@r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .::--.@........,9..9.9..99......,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . ..I--.-_-r . . . . . . . . . . .. .. , .I. .. . .r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        &..II. . .-.--r... . ..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r@9@-----@@@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:...@. . .@@ - @@[email protected]@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .@,.rI:':':':@..@[email protected]..,......@&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,.,@9. . . . .@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . I . . . @ @.. . .r9 . 9 . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9@.. . .,,r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9...r...9&:@[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9.....@r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .....@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .&@,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:r9@....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,...I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .19@....@9..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :I.'I,:::r:.,'::j:@. . .@@ ':.I@@....r@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..9@rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ....@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r:@:::@:]:@:::.......I&r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r:r::.:@@:@@I@:@:@::@.......,II.rrr.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .@.@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :::.:::::,r.:::;:d::9::@::,r9...9,.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .I@...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @::::r:.:::::.::...;::@:. . .II....,.99.,[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:::.:.:@:@@:@@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,@r,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @ . . . Ir. . ..: .9rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . ... @ -.r.... Submitted by . . .I .. 9 1 @. . . . . .r . r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ::@:r:..9;.99.:. . .II@rr..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :,::,,9,r,II,r9,r....r:'. . .@rrr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.. . .I.II....@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I....@. . ...I...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9...::.::9.:*:.::::::.:.:Ir9.rr...,..I@rII@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...9@@@...:.::,','r.rr.@.@,9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9r..... . .r.:rr:..:.:I:.::...r.@.:I:'.'[email protected]...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...,,,....................r..... The Village of Empire --.r ...@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.I.III@.@.........:,.,..:,:@@:::.:.,@&@I&&::@rr999999:r:@:@:@@9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I . .. @. . .I. .. . . .Ir .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        , 99 r . . ,. . .@ . @ . @ . . I . I . . & . .. . .@ . .I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r. . . . . .9 . . @ r. . .. 9 r. . .I & @ . @ @ I . 9 .9 .9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,@@@..,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . .9.9. . .. . . . [email protected]@....@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .. . . .I .9 .. @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9...r. . . .r,....:@:.:[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:@,,.:9..:::@r@:r@r,.9r:::rr:.::. .. . . .I@rrrr.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @ r r r. . .. I . & I Ir rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]@.r. . . . .@,,.,@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . ..& r r . .. . .. . .@ . . 9 . I.. .. 9 . . @. . .I @. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @..... . .. . .....9...@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...@. . [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . 9 .. .9 9dr.r.. .. &-@........... I 1 91 r r .,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...... 9... ....'....' -...,..... -.-@ an ......'."'@ .-9 - r- r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . ..@.:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,..&r19::r..,I.&. . .@....,.I,.9@@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r . . . I . . @ . ,r r@ 9 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,........1I.1&@@..r.I....,.,,[email protected]......,[email protected]@:@r::
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .........I,I.@[email protected]..,[email protected]..........:.@..@::99:.@@II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .rr. . .......@....@@@.@&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ............,91...I....,...&..,...,[email protected]. . . .r.:::::::r::'99@9rr'.r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:,::,@::::::99r.@. . . . . .I..,I:,:,rF:.9:rr.@.@:r.:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        99rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :.:: : : : : , , : : . @ . . . : : : : : ::. . . :
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . ., r@ . .. .@ @ @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.:::.::.9r,@'@:.':''::.':..99.The Northwest Michigan Maritime Mu se:@@..9.999............,@I...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . .9... . . . . ...r.,r......@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . .r:::..::::@:.:.:::.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . .9.9r::::.::,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . .9rIrIr. . . . . . ......I..Ir............,...,.,.r.......@I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . ..,9..:.:.:.:..:.:.:..r:,:..9r:.:.:..:.:.:'..I.9.9r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r. . .. . .. .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..:99:9:9:.,:r:::d:r::.:: r.9,@.:9:r,::::::::::.,r..99.r@@..I:'::,9r.r.r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r-', .. . . .I..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..I@. . . [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .............99r....................1.rrr.....:.Ir::[email protected].&@,...rr.. .. .. . ..,&r....@..@&I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9...............I.I@......... . ..r..@.@@......9:@..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . ..I. .. . . . [email protected].@..........:.9......@@9@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . . ...9,rIr....:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:::::!:::.:.:.:::9::9.::.:,. . . . . . . . . . .I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r:I....:':9.:I:.:.:9.:[email protected]...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,[email protected],.::.I,199
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .I... . . . . .,@.@,,,.9@9..:@:,:.@@r:.,@..@@@r.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r. . . . .. . .I..9...r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :.:r:.:.:.::r.....:99.@.::..@.::::@r:r:::::.:::::.::@:.:.:r...::.:..rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. .r. . . .9 . 9. . .@. .. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :r.9r-::::::.:.r:'::9r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9@@:..9rrr................r....::@:r..I,r,@r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...,..::::.:.r.:.:::::::::[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :::!::.::.::..:@@:.@:...':.'rI.rrr.r. . [email protected].@@..91.r@..@,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r.I@:.:@..,..,,,I..I:1.Irrr...&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .r.r::@.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        &:.:.:@:r999.@9.'@.''.'''&I@:@::::.9,9,9,@,9:rr:.:::[email protected]. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .rr... . .9..r............:@:..:::....r.. .1@rr. . . . .I@r,9rrrrrr. . . .I'r,&r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [email protected]@. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .....II@[email protected]@r.......,,I,@@..:::::[email protected].
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..::..9.9.:9.r.9I.:.:.:.:Ir....@,@@@@@.@r199rr. . .@@. . .,,,999991.....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.rr.I:r.::::.I9r.@rrr. . .I..99r. . . . . . . .Ir@.@r:..::.:9999.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :::::,--r. . . ...I.::.99.@r. ....9..9.9.9.9r.r. . ...I.'rrrrr..&..:::::..,,.:..I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @@.@[email protected].. . .I...9.rr.&..r.......9.r,.....9..III,[email protected]..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. . . . . . . ....I,[email protected]@.9...9.@rr.,r.........,..@I@@@@.....I.rrrr....99r.:'..':. . .r....... . .r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9.....@&@.@[email protected]@.@[email protected]@@@[email protected],r,r.rr.r...@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..II&.@@@:::::I@r@r,9:.. . ..r...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @.@... . .,@.....9.99.@.,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        71














                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1























                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @

































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.r. . . . . . .::::....9.@@@@..@::,::I@19&@I@. . . ....r..r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..99..-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r..9.@9&@@@I.,r.. . .@. . .I. . . ..9.@@r.r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...r. . . . .@.,9I999,.,...rI...I.III.,"r.r. . . . .I,,&9.9..I,.@::.:@::.::::rr.:r:.::.:@r........9.I@@91.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I...9.@. ... . . . .@,....r..@,.@.............@..@...@. . . .. . .&@@9.r.....I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @@.. . . . .@&.@@[email protected]. . . ..I&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9@. . .:::.::.. .. . . [email protected]. . . .I,@@@,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r.. . . . . . ....9r. . . .@ . ., & I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..'[email protected]'. ...........r........@[email protected]......,91::..:[email protected]. . ..@'@.r.':-:r::..:.:..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..r. . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...I.@. . . . . . ..@..,. . . . . .9.rr.I..r.I...9. . . . . .I&..@.@@.r. . . . . ..@[email protected]. . . . . .@@.r..r....r.,199..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I.1I.@. . .@...,...........,.,91@,.I.I.I.r..I.I.IIIII@@''IIr''. . ........I,..I19.rr. . .9.....9@..,..,.,I,I....9.'9................19999...@,..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r@.. . .&,.,9.r.r..9.@[email protected]
           0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ,:9&r::@@91.I&.,,.@@.I.I..II&@r.&rr@....,.,r&I.r.@,r,r.r..,I&Ir@:::.:':'rr@.@'.@'I@@9. . . .91@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@. . . . .....99.@@. . ...&..@@[email protected]...::@.::I.r..&@,.:::,,,9,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..,....@,r;:.:@ ,r.;.@F.':.:&:@:@.:::r::.9;:9::.:: :::r.;.....9..rr:rrrr.-9...r.9.999.r.r. . . [email protected]..@[email protected]....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9:.:. . .9@ .r.Ir9.rI''I.99. . . . . .9'99.9.rrr1: :1:.:r.:- .rrrrr . .. . [email protected]@[email protected]... . . .I.II..1919. . . . . ..@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rrr......I.9.. . . . ..r999r.. . .I..I..@@....@rr..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .,[email protected]. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @:.:@@. . . . . .,.. . .19. . . .9:r:_.. . ..r... . . . ..9.9...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :.::r.:.:*:&.r:.@'@.'*..I.I.........,I".::.:. :&: .:,:,[email protected]@.r@@.. . . .III.::@@@::rr:r.:r:.:.:1.:.:.:.':.'':.r.rr.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :r. . . .91.r:...............rr99.....r.rr.r@.@@.&II..III.&@rr:.r:.:.::::::r:9 ::,r.:..:::.9I:[email protected].
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . @ . I . I I I Irr r .I I@ @ r 9 9@ r .. . .I I '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .@ rr 9 .9@r. r . .r, , 9 ,,r r .. . .9 . 9 .I @ @ ,r r. . . . .,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9,..&..,,I..@. . [email protected]@..&@..@@.r::.:@@::@r.,991,r@999:::9r::::....::::.:::;rrr::..:.:.:,-::r.I. . .:,,9,9,9,r-rrrrr:.:r....:.:.:.:.:.:r''r.r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. . .. . . .9. . . . . . . .I.. . . .....@r@999919.@9..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ::: ::.:::*:::::. . . . ..,.......@[email protected]..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        II..@@@I.::.,,-@::::@:@@, @, [email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @... . .. . .Ir. . .. . . ........ . ..@.@.@:rI::9999r.....Irr. . [email protected],@.,[email protected],.IIrr911..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :::.:[email protected]... . . .@ II&&IIII. . . [email protected]@rr. . .9..9...,I@@@[email protected].,II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:::r.'..'..'..9'...II,r,I....'[email protected]. . @[email protected]@999r. . . . . . . . . . . ..,..9.191911.r.........,.. . .9@&..r9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .:I...rI.1.r.........I..I..@@[email protected].,9.9.....II.I. . . . . . .rr,,[email protected]::r.::::::. . .:::@r::@r...&@@.@II. . . . . ..9,I . I.I.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ...... . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        . . .9::::IrIIIrrIIIIIIIrI..I.I.I.I@@I..I@'@@@..@&.rrr99r.9 .9.99.99..II@@..r. . .9..'[email protected]@@r.9.rr.r..,@rr9..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r:: :,.::::@I@II19-rIII,,I9I9I_99_,IIIIr19_*99*rrIrIrrrr''.&. ,,9. r. @ 9I9.9....@@@@119:::r,r:rr,rr. . . . ... ...9.19-@@.@[email protected].@@r. . . ..@@@..::,.r.II1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9.......99&.r..@r....... . . [email protected].@[email protected]@.@@::r.@..,::...@:':rr@rrr**III,9,r. . . [email protected]@,@@.rr@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .9.. . .. . . . .. . .@r... . . . . . . . . . . ..rr.r...r.r,.9@.@@......9.....9:9,'.' .''@'.'','9.9......r.1..........:::': :'@@:r.r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        *-.:..@:..:I::::4:@''. . . .. . . .'.I..I'.,.,'I@&@'@r..:::::I @r:. '::. .:q:'::.:.:.:_:.I.I.I.I.r.1 11 F9.,IIII.@.@@r.@.@. . . . . . [email protected][email protected]&: r, r.:rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .&. . . ..9. . . .@@r9999..r911111r.r. . [email protected]@rr.@@':::::@:::::r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .&......r.@rr9@ 99.r.III@.@@,&,9r@rrr99@ 9@. . . . .,@@..9rIIrrIrII
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ..@ .. . .. . .....&@......,[email protected] r....r.r.r. .. ..rrr.,..1 1,I....... .. ...I.@,,.rrr@ 991r @, [email protected].@@r.,,::,. . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. @ 99. . . . . ..I..........r . . . . . .9 . . , ...,r,. . . .9. .@. . . . . . .. .@.@I@. . . .I.rrr.r .r,9. . .9..I@@r:r.r:.:I,@. ...:...r..,I@rr@rr:::9: r, .. :,::..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I....r...@@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .r.. . . . [email protected].&. . . . .. . . . .@@@..@@..I. . [email protected].. .99. . . . .,. . 9 ........'...@.@... @.@..@@@.....1::r..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :.rr:.::91 I 9 II91 _1.... . .... .99. @r.rrrrr. . .r.r.rr.I.I.::::. . .&I19.r..9.99.rrr...9 , 19,1.9:'r.rrr..99 9 . 9..99rr.rr...99rr@@@9.rrr,[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        91.@@99r.@,r@;.r@r,.. . . . . .rrrr1,[email protected]..,r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,[email protected].@Irrrr,I@9... . .I& I@9r. . . ..r. . .. . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        11... . . .. .@. . ......rIr. . . . .I. . .9@,r .r. . .. . ..... . ..I19@.....& r,.r..r19r.,.... . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,rIIII'',9,,,I9919911, r Irrr.r':':..:.,:....r.919...., .. . . . . ...& .. I,. [email protected]@r.91r@[email protected]........ ...I.I., . I @. @[email protected].. . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        rI@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ,___-










                                                                                                                COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

                                                                                                                  Project Location Map
                                                                                Project Name:
                                                                                Applicant Name:





                                                                                           W
                           ONIONADON
                                                      NARAOA
                                                      VM
                                    OOM                          VAROUETTE
                                                                 OXK*#$ON                  ALM                         OWK               CHrF9WA
                                                                                           DELTA
                                                                                                                            ra0                 0 r%
                                                                        HE"OH&n                   0                    D8                    1
                                                                                                                                               CHEP)YOAN     RES" ISLE


                                                              EMPI-RE                                                                         OTWOO                   ALPENA
                                                                                                                        OR"
                                                                                                            aw M       TRAVem    KALKASKA "awom --2sw-A
                                                                                                                                                          2!L            cam




                                                                                                          "AM" EE      WEXFORD   HISSAUKEE               OOEHAW      WSCO

                                                                                                                                                                 AMEW
                                                                                                       "AsON      LAKE    I OIMEGLA      aw        OLADVIN

                                                                                                                                                                  MY
                                                                                                      OCIANA                  "ECOTA    MAMMMLA    I 0ML


                                                                                                                  NEWAYOO
                                                                                                             E                                                        OENNE TUKOLA
          Return with grant application to:                                                                                       HONTCAL"    ONATIOT SAOINAW                                   CLAIR

          Coastal Management Program                                                                                                                                             LAMM
                                                                                                            OTTAWA      KENT
          Land and Water Management Division                                                                                        WNIA       (XO#TCH       ASSEE
          Department of Natural Resources
          P.O. Box 30028                                                                                                                                                      OAKLM40
          Lansing, MI--                   48909                                                               ALLEOAN         BAI MY I EATON I MONAM            LOV"MTOM

                                                                                                                                                                  WASH         WAYNE
                                                                                                          VAN DUREN KALAMAZOO       CALH"            4KKSON


                 :7-                                                                                         CA" I m imp" smosem 'NLUOMLZ                    LDWOOMU     MONFVX


                                                                                           M I C H I G A N

               COV












                                                        COINTENTS


                Project Location Map

                Page

                1. Project title.
                    Project goals.
                    Project description.

                2. Project rational.

                4. Description of work accomplished during project period.
                       4.   Documentation of existing structure.
                       4.   Review of building program, regulations and guidlines.
                       5.   Conceptual design.
                       5.   Exterior design.
                       6.   Structural upgrade concept.
                       6.   Mechanical systems.
                       7.   Museum assessment/strategic planning.
                       7.   Professional exhibit planning and design.
                       7.   Stakeholder planning seminar.
                       7.   National Register nomination.
                       8.   Staff, volunteer and contractor services.

                9. Project budget.

                Appendix A      - Measured drawings documenting existing structure.

                Appendix B      - Conceptual site plan.

                Appendix     C  -  Measured drawings illustrating conceptual use plan.

                Appendix     D  -  Museum assesment report

                Appendix     E  -  Artifact arrangement, conceptual shipwreck exhibit.

                Appendix     F  -  National Register nomination.



                                   This document was prepared in part through financial
                                   assistance r,5.,,qued by the Office of Ocean and
                                   Coastal Rl:'L  ;e Management, National Oceanic
                                   and Atmospneric Administration authorized by
                                   the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.














            PROJECT TITLE

            Maritime Museum Facility Development Study and Initialization,
            Empire Mi.

            PROJECT GOALS

            1.    Determine how the Livery building can best be used as a
                  facility for the Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum. This
                  includes preliminary architectural drawings and site plans
                  for the restoration, code compliance and adaptive use of the
                  building.

            2.    Determine how the museum can improve its overall operations
                  to better facilitate its growth and facility development at
                  the Horen Livery.

            3.    Determine how the museum and Horen Livery facility can best
                  integrate with the Village of Empire, it's Master Plan and
                  waterfront recreation areas.

            3.    Initialize preliminary work on site to preserve structure
                  and enhance external appearance. Also, to establish a
                  project or "point of presence" office within the building.



            PROJECT DESCRIPTION

            Work  performed under this project includes:

                  Field verification/documentation of existing structure.

                  Nomination of building to State and/or National Register of
                  Historic Places.

                  Basic design of any revision to the structural systems to
                  meet loading anticipated for Museum use.

                  Documentation of the activities required for "restoration"
                  of the building's exterior to a condition representative of
                  the original construction.

                  Documentation of repairs necessary to provide a "working
                  point of presence" office within the one story addition.

                  Conceptual design for; building site and vicinity 'layout,
                  building layout, exterior design, building envelope,
                  mechanical systems, structural systems, and presentation
                  drawings.











                                                                            2


                Professional consultation to provide planning expertise to
                the Empire Planning Commission, Storm Hill Developers and
                Museum staff.

                Museum exhibit planning and design consultation to assist in
                development of conceptual exhibit plan at the livery.

                Professional assessment of Museum facility development
                plans and current operations.

                Professional photographic documentation of structure.

                Professional building contractor, carpentry, plumbing,
                electrical, and physical systems consulting and work.

            Additionally, Museum Staff, Members and volunteers from the area
            will assist in the cleaning, stabilization, construction and
            landscaping of the site.


            PROJECT RATIONAL

                The Village of Empire desires that the building be
                preserved. The plan provides for adaptive use of a historic
                structure as opposed to demolition and new construction.

                The Livery structure will be nominated to the State and/or
                National Register of Historic Places. Proposed plans will
                attempt to renovate the structure so that it will continue
                to authentically represent and interpret the livery stables
                that have long vanished from the area's cultural landscape.

                Professionals in the field of architecture, engineering and
                historic preservation have indicated that the adaptation of
                the livery structure for museum use would be highly
                appropriate.

                The Village of Empire and Sleeping Bear Dunes National
                Lakeshore have indicated support for the relocation of the
                Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum within the Village.

                Proposed plans would create a desirable link between
                Empire's downtown retail district and public water front
                access/recreation areas. Planning efforts will be focused
                on Empire's important environmental, cultural and
                economically significant Coastal Management areas.

                Development of the Museum facility will contribute to the
                economic vitalization of Empire and surrounding communities.

                The Village of Empire has an authentic and contemporarily












                                                                            3

                 expressed maritime image, proposed plans would greatly
                 enhance this image.

                 Proposed plans would compliment the efforts of the Village
                 of Empire and other nearby communities, the Empire Heritage
                 Museum and the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, to
                 preserve and interpret the uniqueness of the area for local
                 and visiting populations. Additionally, joint efforts and
                 alliances can be developed for individual and mutual
                 benefit.

                 The Livery is centrally located along the boundaries of the
                 Manitou Underwater Preserve. This location will allow for
                 the development of a Preserve interpretive and visitor
                 center, a highly desired opportunity in the development of
                 Michigan's Preserve system.

                 While the Livery property is close to both Lake Michigan and
                 South Bar Lake, it does not abut the water. This provides a
                 substantial purchase savings. Additionally, the present
                 owner of the building desires Museum adaptive use and
                 nomination of the structure to State and Federal Historic
                 Registers.

                 Proposed plans will allow for the re-establishment of a
                 permanent facility for the Northwest Michigan Maritime
                 Museum. This will fulfill a critical need and insure that
                 the museum's present historical artifact collections receive
                 proper care. Additionally, programs and activities
                 negatively impacted or discontinued as a result of the loss
                 of an adequate museum facility can be resumed.

                 Northwest Michigan is under a great deal of development
                 pressure. Leelanau County is the third fastest growing
                 County in the Great Lakes. As such, maritime resources and
                 preservation issues need to be identified and managed. The
                 Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum is the only organization
                 who's mission is designed to attempt to meet all of needs
                 surrounding maritime preservation in Northwest Michigan.

                 Coastal management funds will provide "seed money"in the
                 true sense of the word. Requested funds will initialize the
                 project with strong momentum and professional planning.
                 These attributes will provide for greater growth potential,
                 professional involvement and development of enhanced
                 public/private sector alliances.












                                                                               4


            DESCRIPTION OF WORK ACCOMPLISHED DURING PROJECT PERIOD

            Documentation of existing structure

            Work in this area commenced with the removal of material and
            debris not associated with the structure. With this accomplished
            all areas of the livery were available for inspection. Material
            that may be linked with the original livery operation or
            subsequent adaptive uses was left with the structure for further
            analysis.

            The process of photo documentation was then undertaken. 35mm
            color and black & white and 411x511 black and white were utilized.
            Photographs appropriate for the National Register Documentation
            were professionally processed to archival standards. Photographs
            were taken by professionals and by museum staff with professional
            supervision. one hundred and twelve images were recorded.
            Additional work focusing on specific documentation needs will be
            be necessary prior to the removal of any historic fabric from the
            structure.

            Measured drawings documenting the existing structure were
            completed by Robert Yavon, project architect. These drawings
            illustrate the design and structural systems of the present
            structure. These were utilized by the State Historic
            Preservation Office and the consulting engineer upon there
            completion. They will continue to prove valuable as further work
            on the structure is implemented. (reduced copy included in
            appendix A)

            Further work was undertaken to identify existing utility
            services, property boundaries, zoning, fire protection and
            potential contamination sites or sources.


            REVIEW OF BUILDING PROGRAM , REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES

            Work in this area was initialized with the Museum boards
            strategic planning program, integrated with the American
            Association of Museums Museum Assessment Program. This process
            helped to define the museum's potential requirements of the
            livery as a host facility. Information concerning
            exhibit/artifact size, weight and configuration, spacial and
            other requirements for staff, programing and special activities,
            storage, security etc. was defined and passed on to the
            architect and engineer. Federal 106 compliance requirements were
            identified and integrated into this phase of work.

            Applicable building codes were identified in this phase to assist
            in feasibility evaluations and preparing concept drawings. codes
            applying to the structure were defined as "public assembly".
            These codes, principally designed to protect public safety











            concerns, are complex and demanding.


            Applying these codes to a building designed over eighty years ago
            as a horse barn presented many challenges. The project architect
            diligently applied these code requirements, including recent
            handy-cap access regulations, to the design input phase.

            It was determined that existing Empire Village zoning would not
            clearly permit museum use of the property and structure. An
            application for variance was prepared and submitted. Following a
            hearing and presentation, the Village Council Planning Commission
            voted to allow museum use of the C-R zoned (commercial
            residential) property.


            CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

            Building, site and vicinity layout

            The first work undertaken was building site and vicinity layout.
            Complications in this area centered on parking lot water/snow
            run-off regulations and traffic concerns. Plans for ample
            parking were achieved without extensive negative impacts to the
            buildings historic appearance or setting. On property parking is
            designed for fifteen autos and four buses. The lot is screened
            by vegetation and has a one way flow to minimize congestion. A
            green area to accommodate run-off and drainage is provided.
            Septic is to be located below the open grass area on the north
            side of the building. The pedestrian entrance will follow the
            historical precedence on the east end. Actual survey work will
            need to be undertaken to positively define the existing road
            right-of-way prior to any construction. (See appendix B)


            Exterior design

            Considerable thought was given to the exterior design of the
            building. Since major compromises in the historical appearance
            of the interior were going to be required, every effort was made
            to insure high integrity of external historic appearance. An
            emergency exit on the southwest corner of the building, roof and
            soffit vents were the only compromises envisioned. The external
            appearance of the livery during its period of significance can be
            95% achieved. It was determined that the need to identify the
            structure as a maritime museum would take precedence over some
            specific historic concerns centering on signs and external
            displays, at least during the museum's initial occupancy.












                                                                            6


            Structural upgrade concept

            The greatest frustrations experienced during the project period
            were those centering on retention of interior historic fabric.
            As a museum the livery structure must provide for a high level of
            environmental control, safety, security, and spacial
            accommodation. Adapting this structure into a museum is possible
            despite the high demands. However, adapting it into a museum
            while retaining the historic interior appearance is difficult if
            not impossible. Without detailing all of the discussions on this
            topic to date, it can be said that the specific needs of the
            museum have taken precedence in the interior design phase.
            Historic integrity has been maintained wherever possible, but not
            at the expense of the museums basic operational needs. These
            compromises must be made as there is no conceivable, practical
            use of the building that would accommodate its historical
            interior design.

            The plans developed do allow the building to retain its basic
            historic floor plan. Specific elements of the historic fabric
            will be illustrated in "window" areas. For some this may be much
            like only being able to "peak" at a wrapped gift. It is
            important to note that in this sense while only a portion of the
            historic elements of the interior can be viewed, virtually the
            entirety lies beneath the "wrapper" of insulation and drywall,
            well documented and preserved.

            The impacts of code requirements can be seen in space allocated
            for fire and smoke proof exit stairs, elevators, rest room
            facilities, ramps etc. Additionally, the floor rating necessary
            for code compliance would negate use of existing second level
            flooring in any configuration. As most of the existing floor has
            deteriorated beyond the limits for even its historic use, its
            replacement must be rationalized (see appendix C)

            Final review and recommendations from the State Historic
            Preservation office will provide input for the finalization of
            the interior conceptual design and color presentation drawings.
            A complete summary of rational and description of plans will be
            at that time.



            Mechanical systems

            Integrating mechanical systems into a building never designed to
            accommodate them has also taken a toll on interior historic
            integrity. It is fortunate that no physical additions were
            deemed necessary to accommodate h.v.a.c. systems. Duct work can
            be concealed in the ceiling of the first floor. The size of the
            second floor will require a partially exposed system (see
            appendix B)












                                                                            7

            MUSEUM ASSESSMENT/STRATEGIC PLANNING

            The museum Board of Trustees established a special strategic
            planning committee to fulfill the requirements of the American
            Association of Museums Museum Assessment Program or" Map".
            Participation in this program was deemed beneficial to proposed
            plans for facility development at the Horen Livery. The program
            is designed to provide museums with a mechanism to manage more
            effectively in a constantly changing environment. The structure
            of the self assessment process, guided self study and peer
            review, encourages museums to re-evaluate long-held assumptions
            and benefit from new ideas and perspectives. The process was
            initiated in August of 1992, with on site visits from the
            assessor September 24th and 25th. (The final review
            recommendations can be found in appendix D)


            PROFESSIONAL EXHIBIT PLANNING AND DESIGN


            Input was provided by museum staff, the MAP Assessor, and Wm.
            Herd. Mr. Herd has conceptualized and designed exhibits for the
            Nation Park service. In addition to implementing Mr. Herd's
            report into the conceptual design process, direct meetings with
            the project architect were conducted. Plans for the featured
            shipwreck exhibit required close coordination between exhibit
            planners, the architect and engineer. In order for the livery
            structure to accommodate the planned exhibit, major structural
            modifications would be required. These adaptations were
            successfully defined and incorporated in the conceptual plans.
            (The plans in appendix C illustrate the spacial requirements for
            planned exhibits. Appendix E depicts the featured shipwreck
            exhibit at the facility.)



            STAKEHOLDER PLANNING SEMINAR

            Work in this area was not implemented as originally planned.
            Present needs for coordination were met by individual contact.
            No problematic situations were encountered requiring this
            approach. Additionally, the projects being behind projected
            development schedules lessened the current need for this form of
            planning.


            NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION

            The Horen livery was deemed eligible for the national register
            following a review of work proposed under this project by the
            State Historic Preservation office. The review was in
            conjunction with the Federal 106 process, necessitated by Federal
            funds being utilized on a potentially historic structure. (see
            appendix F.)












                                                                            8


            Information to support the nomination came from many diverse
            sources. So much information was gathered that it could not all
            be included in the National Register format. As such, a separate
            written history of the livery will be released by the museum and
            distributed without cost to the Empire library, historical museum
            and Village council. It is felt that National Register status
            will be achieved. The benefits of this status will assist
            greatly in the attainment of project goals.
            (National Register Nomination is included in appendix F.)


            STAFFj VOLUNTEER AND CONTRACTOR SERVICES.

            The Museum Staff conducted the majority of on and off site work
            associated with this project. Because of insurance underwriters
            concerns over risks associated with the museums affiliation with
            the Manitou underwater preserve, insurance could not be readily
            acquired for the livery. This regrettably prevented the use of
            volunteer labor at the livery during the project period. Efforts
            to resolve the situation were time consuming, but did result in
            the museums being able to finally access an affordable policy.
            Volunteers did participate in the creation of signage for the
            project, exhibits, presentations and historical research.

            Donated professional and contractor services were not easily
            forthcoming. Consultation by an architect, historic
            preservationist, carpenter, wood products specialist, and fire
            suppression system engineer were gained. Two professional
            photographers also contributed their services.










            PROJECT B*UDGET

            Coastal Management Program funds

            Documentation of existing structure:
            - photos
            - measured drawings
            - coordination with surveyor, village,
              utilities, etc. on existing site conditions.

            Review of building program, regulations and guidelines:
            - Museum goals and direction
            - building code compliance
            - zoning compliance
            - Museum design input
            - historic register guidelines

            Conceptual design:
            - building site and vicinity layout
            - building layout
            - exterior design
            - building envelope concept
            - mechanical systems concept
            - structural upgrade concept
            - presentation drawings

            Total ................................................. $10,425.00

            Administrative and related expenses .................... $2,000.00

            Total Coastal Program expenditure ....................... $12#4025





            Matching in-kind                                                   10

            Professional Museum/facility assessment                    $5,000.00

            Professional exhibit planning and design                   $1,400.00

            Professional services                                         $600.00

            Architectural services                                     $3,000.00

            Mechanical/structural engineering services                 $1,000.00

            NW. Mi. Maritime Museum                                    $3,840.00
                 Historic register nominations
                 program enhancement, documentation                    $3,840.00


            Total matching in-kind  ...............................   $14,840.00

            TOTAL PROJECT COST ........................ o............  $18,265.00






  0

















                                       APPENDIX A












  0











 0


















                                                  0@       DCL@w                      LJOI'L>16
                                               rL44g:                                I
                                               A6.v




                                                                                                     Lip

                                         VCZI"





































                                                                                       Loc.















                                                                                                      42@
                                                                                                                                              vy



















































                                                 -@;@TIOO A.-T @S/l










                                                                                                                                                                   -,S qj



                                                                                                                                                             l2r-@T A.YioLJ














































                                                                                                                                                                                                ------ ---- -----




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ------- -- - -------

































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ED .1



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             tNrlp-6. M,


































                                        APPENDIX B











  0
































































                                                                                                        Fo


































                                                                                              IN              Ai,






                      0





















                                                            APPENDIX C











                      0

























                                                                                               vp




                                                                                                        k@/-Aj L,6-frt co




















                                                               91

                                                                                                               cz
                                                                              4-

                                                                                                          @kl
                                                                                                                                              4-t







                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            yvoO - -NU-H I TG(-T



























                                                                                                                                                               IL



                                                                                                                         ism
                                                                                                                                            -L-A 4-1 i-@
           MeCA                                                                                                                                                  r2- # @rpj


                                                          -5F





                                                                                                                     --------- @14
                                               ur




                                                      or












                                                                                                                                                  14

























                            ,.PE*4
                                                                                      Z4,FT
                           4@4 1 FNqrzX<.V-

                                                                                                                     LJ
                                                                                                                                                               tz-p@
                                                                                                                                               HoLT,
                                                                                                                                                ly






  0
























                                        APPENDIX D









  0











10












                                                   American
                                                   Association
                                                   of
                                                   Museums



            Dear Colleague:

                   Not long ago your museum requested application materials
             for the Institutional Assessment (MAP I). MAP encourages a
             museum to reach its full potential. MAP provides a museum with
             a mechanism to manage more effectively in a constantly changing
             environment. The structure of the self-assessment process,
             guided self-study and peer review, encourages museums to
             re-evaluate long-held assumptions and benefit from new ideas
             and perspectives.

                   The benefits of participating in the Institutional
             Assessment (MAP I) include:

                    ï¿½  re-affirmation of the museum's statement of purpose,
                       allowing for a common understanding of its
                       existence '&-Jy truct-ees, staff, volunteers and the
                       public.
                    ï¿½  clear direction for trustees and staff on how to build
                       on strengths and address weaknesses through              the
                       initiation or re-evaluation of institutional plans
                       assurance that resources are used effectively and
                       efficiently in the fulfillment of the institution's
                       purpose
                       improved levels of performance
                       a fuller understanding of professional museum
                       standards
                       demonstrated credibility to funding agencies and the
                       public by clearly communicating purpose, mission and
                       goals, as well as institutional needs
                       enhanced team spirit among trustees, staff and
                       volunteers

                    The museum professional who visits your institution will
              be selected specifically to suit your needs and the report of
              recommendations based on the on-site survey will be
              indispensable to the future of your museum.



                                                               Sincerely,
                                                                  ;56@         -a
                                                               Susan GrazInot
                                                               Coordinator
                                                               Museum Assessment Programs




                        NORTHWEST
                        Michigan Maritime Museum
                        P.O. Box 388 - 11712 Lake Street - Empire, MI 49630 - 616-326-5152








            Dear Museum Trustees and MAP Committee Memberst

            We hope all of you are having an enjoyable summer. The Museum
            Staff (such as it is) and Manitou Underwater Preserve Committee
            have been very busy this summer administering some very
            complicated field projects.

            As was discussed at the last Museum Board meeting, the Museum
            Assessment Program or "MAP" will be the first focus of the new
            board. The MAP Assessor will be arriving September 25th, and
            there is much to be done in preparation for this event. MAP is
            on a fixed time line and cannot be altered to compensate for our
            limited amount of available time. As a result we would like to
            propose a series of work sessions to prepare for this important
            process and keep the MAP schedule intact. Not all of these would
            be formal board meetings and therefore attendance would not be
            mandatory. Howeverr the greatest benefits for all interests
            would be served by regular attendance if possible.

            A proposed agenda is included (on reverse) along with a copy of
            the MAP pre-visit agreement form etc. which will need to be
            completed following the first work session. Included also is a
            brochure from the institution where our Assessor, Mr. Burt Loganf
            is employed as director.

            Our first session is scheduled for Wednesday, Sept. 2nd, 7:30 pm
            at the Clipper Galley in Empire. Coffee etc. and deserts will be
            available. The MAP Planning Committee may chose from various
            options as to where they would like to continue to meet following
            this first get-together. Please phone the Museum Office to
            indicate your ability to attend.

            We look forward to your participation in "charting the Museum's
            new course" and deriving the maximum benefits from the Museum
            Assessment Program.




                                            Sincerely,




                                            Jed   w
                                                Ja orsi, Director






  0





                               MUSEUM ASSESSMENT PROGRAM





                           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
                                    Empire, Michigan






                                                                              I



  0














                                       Burt Logan








  0











                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS





             Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .     1




             Carferry CITY OF MILWAUKEE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     2




             Manitou Underwater Preserve    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     4




             Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum   . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     5




             Purpose and Planning  . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .      6




             Governance  . . . . . .  o . . . . . . . . . . .  I. . . . . . . .   9





             Staff and Volunteers   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    12





             Finances    . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     14




             Facilities and Security    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    21




             Conservation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     28













            Exhibitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30





            Educational Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32





            Audience and Public Relations   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33




            Membership and Community Support  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35




            Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36




            Appendix I

                 Recommendations



            Appendix II

                 Horen Livery Plans














                                      INTRODUCTION


                 The Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum (NMMM) is located in
            the village of Empire, a small community in the southwest corner
            of Leelanau County. NMMM serves approximately 30,000 year-round
            residents in Leelanau and neighboring Benzie County. The
            Leelanau Peninsula, bounded by Lake Michigan on the west, the
            Manitou Passage on the northwest, and Grand Traverse Bay to the
            east, has long been an area of robust maritime activity, both
            commercial and more recently recreational.

                 Glen Haven and the Manitou Islands were once busy
            communities supplying lumber for construction and fuel for wood-
            burning ships that sailed the Great Lakes in the mid- and late
            1800s. The South Manitou Island Lighthouse was built in 1871 to
            guide ships through the Manitou Passage and into the island's
            harbor when fierce lake storms broke. Despite such safeguards,
            many ships still ran aground. The lifesaving stations at Glen
           .Haven and South Manitou are reminders of earlier times, when
            rescue crews launched small oar-powered wooden boats into giant
            waves to save shipwreck survivors.

                 This report is based upon a visit to NMMM on September 25,
            1992. During the visit I met with: Jed Jaworski, Museum
            Director; Kirk Lorenz, Vice President, Society for the Preser-
            vation of the CITY OF MILWAUKEE;Jerry Pilcher; William Head,
            NMMM Board Member and President of the Society for the Preser-
            vation of the CITY OF MILWAUKEE; James Gilbert,,Mayor of the
            Village of Elberta; David Taghon, Director of the Empire Heritage
            Museum; and Robert Yvon, architect for the museum. Also, ma-
            terials supplied to me and to the Museum Assessment Program (MAP)
            prior to the visit were used in compiling this report. The
            purpose of the MAP Consultation is to provide a critical review
            of the museum and all facets of its operations, administration,
            and governance.

                 NMMM requested the MAP Consultation for several reasons.
            NMMM does not have an appropriate facility to house its
            collection, to install exhibits, to conduct programs, and to
            provide for administration; the museum sought assistance in
            determining a future course of action. NMMM's primary goal is to
            prepare a realistic, achievable long-range plan for organi-
            zational and facility development. In addition, the pre-visit
            MAP Questionnaire expressed concerns regarding: new facility
            development; board structure, trustee selection and rotation;
            establishment of a volunteer program; increase in the number of
            staff and in staff compensation; growth in earned income,
            expansion of fund raising, and overall increases in the operating
            budget; acquisition of suitable space for all museum functions;
            caring for and exhibiting the collection and obtaining a proper
            and stable environment for collections; developing new permanent









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 2


           exhibits; developing an expanded educational program; enlarging
           its audience through marketing; and building a stronger
           membership. These concerns will receive special consideration
           and discussion below.

                As a legally incorporated museum, operating as a public
           trust, NMMM is in a somewhat precarious situation and faces many
           challenges. It does not have a facility to operate out of,
           making it extremely difficult to provide engaging exhibits and
           programs, or to care for the collection. A previously active
           membership program has declined, and the near total absence of
           effective volunteer leadership is alarming. Financial concerns
           include a shortage of both capital and operating dollars. None
           of the concerns are insurmountable; however, considerable plan-
           ning, time, and effort will be required to point the museum in a
           new, healthier direction.

                since its inception in 1981, the bulk of the resources of
           NMMM have been divided among three distinct projects: the
           preservation of the carferry CITY OF MILWAUKEE, the establishment
           of an underwater preserve in the Manitou Passage, and the
           establishment and operation of a conventional maritime museum. A
           brief understanding of the genesis, along with the successes and
           failures, of each project is essential to an understanding of
           NMMM today.




                               CARFERRY CITY OF MILWAUKEE



                The involvement of NMMM with the CITY OF MILWAUKEE dates to
           1983. In that year NMMM and the city of Frankfort, Michigan
           formed a non-profit organization, the Society for the
           Preservation.of the CITY OF MILWAUKEE (SPCM), which acquired
           title to the ship.

                Built in 1930 by the Manitowoc (Wisconsin) Shipbuilding
           Company, the CITY OF MILWAUKEE was commissioned by the Grand
           Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Company, and was the last carferry
           built between her launching and the end of the Great Depression.

                Equipped with four tracks, she could accommodate 30 railroad
           cars. Many authorities contend that the CITY OF MILWAUKEE
           represents the aesthetic peak of carferry design. Placed in
           operation on Lake Michigan in January, 1931, the CITY OF
           @ILWAUKEE joined in a tradition of carferry service which began
           in 1892. The vessel continued in service.until declining cross-
           lake railroad traffic forced her to be abandoned in the late









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 3


            19701s. Today, the CITY OF MILWAUKEE is one of a few surviving
            examples of a unique vessel type which revolutionized rail ship-
            ments on the Great Lakes.

                 since its acquisition by SPCM, the voyage of the CITY OF
            MILWAUKEE has been as stormy as some of the crossings it
            weathered on Lake Michigan. Initial efforts by SPCM to moor the
            ship permanently in Frankfort were halted in October, 1984 when
            the city was unable to pay approximately $40,000 in site
            improvements at the docking area. Still hoping to see the vessel
            preserved, NMMM increased its involvement with SPCM and began
            working with Benzie County to secure permanent dockage. The
            village of Elberta was selected over 10 other sites as the most
            advantageous location. The ship was towed across Betsie Bay from
            Frankfort to Elberta, where she rests at anchor today. This new
            docking site is adjacent to 28 acres of land owned by the
            Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). It is the hope of
            SPCM that the CITY OF MILWAUKEE will be included in nascent
            efforts to convert the entire site into an active, historic
            railhead.

                 In fall of 1989 the Boards of NMMM and SPCM met jointly to
            discuss the future of the CITY OF MILWAUKEE. Unable to agree on
            a course of action, NMMM stepped,back and allowed SPCM to move
            ahead on its own. Since then, SPCM has been attempting to secure
            local government support for the development of,the carferry and
            the entire site. These efforts have not been as' successful as
            anticipated.

                 The degree to which the debate over the future of the
            carferry has polarized the local community is best illustrated by
            the fact-that as recently as September, 1992, the Elberta village
            board had to rescind a standing order prohibiting city officials
            from boarding the carferry in order for the Village mayor to
            participate in this consultation. There are indications the
            current village administration may be more willing to seek
            preservation of the ship as a tourist destination to bolster the
            village's economy.

                  On balance the ship retains a sizeable portion of its
            historic fabric. It is a significant cultural resource, as
            attested by its designation as a National Historic Landmark. It
            is not inconceivable the ship could play a major role in the
            growth of the county's tourism economy.

                 Above deck the carferry is in good condition, although
            maintenance is needed. The deck has not been painted in 17
            years, due in part to an inability to keep herring gulls and
            other birds out of the area. The twin stacks have been sealed









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 4


            and painted and the lifeboats have been shrink wrapped with a
            waterproof membrane. Cables are regularly inspected and greased.
            The crews quarters, galley, passenger salon, and observation room
            are nearly complete with original furniture and other items.

                 Below deck, the flicker is in sound condition, as are the
            two holds, which allow the viewer to observe the structural
            framing of the hull. Asbestos contamination is a concern. Above
            deck asbestos has been removed. However, leakage of water down
            one of the stacks has exposed asbestos in one of the Scotch fired
            boilers which powered the triple expansion steam engine. This
            contamination may affect future plans for the ship, a fact which
            SPCM already recognizes.



                               MANITOU UNDERWATER PRESERVE


                 Public interest and concern over shipwrecks off the coasts
            of Benzie and Leelanau Counties existed prior to incorporation of
            NMMM in 1981. Much of this concern was centered on the removal
            of wrecks and historical artifacts from the bottomlands of the
            Manitou islands area. NMMM and the Sleeping Bear Dunes National
            Lakeshore launched a joint project to identify and protect these
            resources.


                 The concept of a Manitou State Bottomland Preserve was in
            place by 1983. Since 1835 over 50 ships have,been lost in the
            Manitou Passage. In addition, there are 25 sunken docks and
            scores of other submerged historic and geological sites.

                 NMMM assembled studies of shipwrecks in the area, providing
            a data base for planning and development of the preserve. A
            committee of NMMM, made up of divers, charter boat operators,
            historians, and representatives from the Sleeping Bear Dunes
            National Lakeshore and area communities, was formed to pursue
            actual preserve designation.

                 By 1988 the Manitou Underwater Preserve had been created "to
            provide a management plan and implement programs and policies
            which will document, interpret, and preserve the submerged
            resources within the confines of the Manitou Underwater
            Preserve." The Preserve consists of 282 square miles of fresh
            water which surrounds over 100 locations containing shipwrecks,
            historic sites, and unique geologic features.

                 A nine-member Committee was appointed to oversee and manage
            the Manitou Underwater Preserve. According to the Committee's









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 5


            constitution, the Committee is part of NMMM and serves at the
            pleasure of the museum's Board of Directors. The Committee
            develops programs related to the shipwrecks of the Manitou
            Passage and obtains funding for same.

                 After the program plans and budget are in place, the Board
            of NMMM then approves the project. The Manitou Preserve
            Committee has worked consistently to achieve many of these goals.
            Both public and private funds have been identified and obtained
            along the way. The past effectiveness of the Manitou Preserve
            Committee is one of the shining stars of NMMM. It has drawn
            extremely high praise from the state of Michigan and has been
            declared a model for other states and regions to follow.




                           NORTHWEST MICHIGAN MARITIME MUSEUM



                 In 1981 the Ann Arbor Railroad announced that it would cease
            both carferry service on Lake Michigan and rail service into
            Frankfort. The most immediate and lasting result of this
            decision was a significant decline in the local economy, brought
            about by the loss of hundreds of railroad jobs (a situation which
            still haunts local economic development efforts). Another less
            visible result was the threatened loss of significant portions of
            the maritime heritage of Northwest Michigan.

                 In an effort to halt the loss of this local maritime
            heritage, NMMM was incorporated in 1981. During the past 12
            years NMMM has sought to preserve and interpret the maritime
            heritage of the region. The history of NMMM and its many
            traditional museum functions will be discussed in the following
            sections.

                 I will review the Northwest Michigan Maritime museum with
            particular attention to the categories outlined by the Museum
            Assessment Program in the "Professional Concerns Checklist" and
            the specific topics listed by the Board of Directors. In the
            course of the report, I will discuss the CITY OF MILWAUKEE, the
            Manitou Underwater Preserve, and the museum proper concurrently,
            rather than treating each as a separate entity.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 6



                                   PURPOSE AND PLANNING


                 A clear sense of purpose and systematic planning are
            hallmarks of successful museums. The absence of either can be a
            cause for concern; the absence of both usually indicates a museum
            in trouble. By knowing where it wants to be at the end of a
            given period of time and by plotting a course toward that goal, a
            museum is better able to shape and direct its own destiny,
            thereby avoiding knee-jerk reactions to events as they unfold.

                 A clear and troubling chasm exists between the purposes of
            NMMM as set forth in its legal documents and the practical
            purposes and planning of the organization. As with any museum,
            there are many different individual views of what NMMM should be
            and how it should proceed. Unfortunately, a unified consensus
            among the Board and leadership of the museum is missing.

                 NMMM has enacted appropriate legal documents which establish
            the lawful existence of the museum and outline its orderly
            operation. Aside from the standard legal language in the
            constitution and bylaws, NMMM does not have a thoughtfully
            developed, clearly articulated description of what it wants to
            be, and it has not crafted plans outlining the attainment of its
            goals.

                 The constitution, adopted November, 1981, States the purpose
            of NMMM to be:

                       A. To share and preserve Northwest Michigan's colorful
                       maritime past so that the public may have a greater
                       awareness of an area that is rich in maritime history
                       and folklore.

                       B. To develop, promote, and share present and future
                       marine related educational activities in the Great
                       Lakes region.

                 The Constitution further states the museum will:

                       11 . . . maintain and operate a historical museum for the
                       collection, preservation, and suitable display of
                       materials, artifacts, and data of historical or
                       educational value and significance. They shall be
                       available for public inspection, instruction and use,
                       subject to museum regulation and policy. . . .
                       Education is of primary concern: the production of
                       educational films and documentaries, photographs, slide
                       presentations, programs, guest speakers, a museum









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 7


                      newsletter, tours and field trips will facilitate this.
                      The Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum will also work
                      to manage and protect Northwest Michigan's historical
                      shipwrecks and underwater resources."

                 Following on the imperative to manage and protect local
            shipwrecks, the Constitution of the Manitou Underwater Preserve
            Committee states its mission will be:

                      To provide a management plan and implement programs and
                      policies which will document, interpret, and preserve
                      the submerged resources within the confines of the
                      Manitou Underwater Preserve.

                 In addition, NMMM has applied for and obtained 501(c)(3)
            designation from the Internal Revenue Service. This has
            established the museum as a qualified non-profit, financial
            support of which may be tax deductible.

                 It is evident that careful thought went into drafting and
            approving the mission of NMMM and the Manitou Underwater Preserve
            Committee. These mission statements offer broad guidance and
            direction, leaving specific interpretation and implementation to
            the museum Board and staff.    Both mission statements could be
            model statements for other.maritime museums.

                 With the exception of the Underwater Preserve, NMMM is
            haunted by a lack of effective organizational planning. During
            the past decade plans have been developed for the CITY OF
            MILWAUKEE, and they have been modified in response to changes in
            the political and community environment. Likewise, NMMM has gone
            through the planning process for a permanent museum building.
            Regrettably, NM1,1M has not been able to make its plans yield
            fruit. It is not just enough to develop plans; the plans must be
            effective.


                 NMMM seems to have fallen victim to a condition that can
            engulf non-profits in general, and museums in particular--the
            "doing good" syndrome. Few people would question the worthiness
            of saving and restoring the CITY OF MILWAUKEE, or protecting the
            shipwreck sites in the Manitou Underwater Preserve, or collecting
            and preserving the maritime heritage of Northwest Michigan in a
            maritime museum. All are worthy goals and are vitally important
            to ensuring that the maritime heritage of Northwest Michigan is
            not lost.

                 However, one can question if NMMM is best fulfilling its
            mission at present by attempting to satisfy three major
            objectives at marginal levels.    As will be shown in subsequent









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 8


            sections of this report, it is the opinion of this reviewer that
            NMMM is overly committed. Given its current level of governance,
            paid and volunteer staff, and financial and physical resources,
            NMMM lacks the resources needed to play a simultaneously active
            leadership role in the preservation of the CITY OF MILWAUKEE, the
            management of shipwrecks sites in the Manitou Passage, and the
            operation of a conventional maritime museum. There simply are
            not enough resources at present to fulfill these three demanding
            objectives, nor is there evidence of sufficient planning which
            will bring about the needed resources.

                 It seems to this reviewer that NMMM needs to reevaluate its
            mission (in light of the demands of the museum, the CITY OF
            MILWAUKEE, and the Manitou Underwater Preserve) and establish
            priorities consistent with its resources.

                 The lack of a clearly defined plan suggests NMMM should
            consider retaining the services of someone with experience in
            long-range planning, preferably in the not-for-profit sector.
            Trying to develop a plan without guidance from someone familiar
            with long-range planning could result in a fragmented effort,
            yielding little if any progress, and perhaps creating more damage
            than good. often local colleges or companies may have a
            specialist who can assist with the process. Regardless of how
            NMMM chooses to develop the plan, the process should not be
            undertaken until improvements occur in the museum's governance.



            Recommendations:

            1. The leadership of NMMM must decide if NMMM is going to
            continue being involved with the CITY OF MILWAUKEE, the Manitou
            Underwater Preserve, and the maritime museum, or if efforts will
            be focused on one or two of the three. The decision will not be
            easy and no outsider can tell NMMM whether to continue pushing
            ahead for all three or to consolidate its efforts.

            2. NMMM must commit itself fully to the decision reached in
            recommendation 1 above. At a minimum, the decision must be fully
            supported by the entire Board of Trustees. More preferably, the
            decision should have broad consensus beyond the Board. Unless
            there is a genuine commitment to the decision, it appears little
            progress can occur.

            3. NMMM should consider using a planning expert to help put
            together plans for the organization, and to facilitate the
            discussions on how much and at what level NMMM is going to
            undertake.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 9



                                       GOVERNANCE


                Governance, the point of origin for every museum, is made of
            two parts: statutory requirements and volunteer leadership. As
            an institution, a museum must be established in accordance with
            applicable laws. The governing authority of a museum must be
            informed about and be sensitive to the purpose of the museum and
            must take an active interest and role in guiding the development
            and growth of the institution.

                The statutory portion of NMMM's governance needs little
            attention. NMMM is legally incorporated, and is chartered by the
            State of Michigan as a non-profit organization, organized and
            operated for educational purposes. The Internal Revenue Service
            has determined that the museum conforms to paragraph 501(c)(3) of
            the Internal Revenue Code. In all other regards, the consti-
            tution of the museum appears to be in good order.

                The Bylaws were approved in March, 1988. They provide for
            the full operation of the museum, outlining the duties,
            responsibilities, and rights of members, the Board of Directors,
            and officers. There is a discrepancy between governing documents
            regarding the number of directors ., The Constitution requires a
            nine person Board of Directors, while the Bylaws call for only
            six. Not being versed in Michigan law, this discrepancy may be
            legal; however, it seems that to avoid confusion' the two
            documents should be in agreement. otherwise, all sections of the
            Bylaws seem to be sufficient to permit the orderly and efficient
            operation of the museum.

                 Unfortunately, as was seen with the Purpose and Planning of
            the museum, the Governance which one reads on paper quickly
            disappears when one begins to evaluate the actual operations of
            the organization.

                 At present the museum suffers from ineffective volunteer
            leadership. In fact, one can feel very safe in saying there is a
            leadership vacuum. There was almost no evidence of true trustee
            involvement or commitment to the museum. Several examples of
            this surfaced during this consultation. At the time of this
            consolation in September, 1992, there were no elected officers on
            the Board. Vacancies in the offices of President, Vice
            President, Secretary, and Treasurer which had occurred earlier in
            1992, had not been filled in accordance with the Bylaws. Rather
            than elect officers at a regular Board meeting, the Board was
            waiting until the October Annual Meeting to act on the vacancies.

                 This is disturbing for several reasons. First, given the









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 10


            overall condition of NMMM, one cannot help but ask if no one was
            willing to serve in these offices? If this as so, even in small
            part, the individual Board members should reexamine their
            commitment to the museum. Second, Directors have a legal
            obligation to comply with the Bylaws. It is highly doubtful that
            legal action would occur simply because of the unfilled
            vacancies. However, proceedings against the museum and the Board
            because of an accident or other adverse situation on museum
            property could fall squarely on the Board and bring into question
            its actions.

                 The position of Board member is one of considerable
            responsibility, much work, and very little public thanks. Yet,
            it is also rich in the potential for accomplishments and personal
            satisfaction. An effective, thriving, not-for-profit
            organization cannot exist without a committed and involved Board.
            The Board is essential to: help guide the future of the
            organization; shape and enact policy; serve as public ambassadors
            and representatives of the museum; assist with acquiring
            resources and raising funds; and serving as stewards of a public
            trust. This holds true for any not-for-profit, but doubly so for
            a small museum such as NMMM. A staff of one or two cannot begin
            to attend to all the needs of the museum without full Board
            support.

                 There is very little evidence that any of this is happening
            at NMMM at present. Until the Board accepts the' challenge of its
            full responsibility and begins acting accordingly, there can be
            little meaningful growth or progress for NMMM.

                 The Board should also examine its size. It seems that a
            board of six persons is too small for a museum which is seeking
            to serve two counties, especially if the Board creates an active
            committee system. An enlarged Board of nine, eleven, or even
            thirteen should be considered, in light of the museum's mission
            and its current resources.

                 The Board does not have an effective Committee system. An
            Underwater Preserve Committee was in place at the time of the
            consultation, however, its chairmanship was being rotated from
            meeting to meeting. It is hard to see how any sustained
            leadership effort could be developed by the committee using this
            rotation.

                 The only other committee at the time of the consultation was
            the MAP Committee. It had met several times prior to the
            consultation. Unfortunately, its active membership consisted of
            only three or four persons, and did not include a larger
            contingent of directors and special friends of the museum as the









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 11


            director had envisioned. Thus, the museum was without any true
            volunteer leadership.

                 NMMM also needs to evaluate its method of recruiting
            trustees. The system that has been used most recently is to
            identify community leaders, contact them by letter outlining the
            invitation to serve on the Board, and follow up with a telephone
            call. Given the current state of affairs on the Board, it is
            logical to assume this process is not working.

                 In order to recruit an effective Board, one or two members
            of the Nominating Committee should meet with a prospective
            candidate in a private setting. Committee members must
            accomplish three objectives. First, they must lay out a future
            of the museum that is exciting and challenging -- one which will
            be brighter if the prospective candidate accepts the invitation.
            This vision of the future must also be grounded in the successes
            of the museum to date. Secondly, the Committee members must
            convince the prospect that his/her service on the Board is
            essential to achieve the future goals of the museum,. Lastly, the
            team must tactfully lobby for a "yes," knowing when to counter
            superficial objections, and when to accept a "no."

                 The recruitment of strong trustees is essential to the
            future of NMMM. The current leadership should make sure it has
            some solid, realistic, and obtainable plans for NMMM before
            approaching potential trustees to fill existing'vacancies.



            Recommendations:

            1. Trustees, individually and collectively, should reexamine
            their commitment to NMM. In order for the museum to grow and
            develop, trustees must make NMMM a personal priority. If a
            trustee cannot make the museum a priority, he/she should resign,
            thereby allowing someone who can make the museum a priority to be
            elected.

            2. The language of the Bylaws and the Constitution regarding the
            number of trustees should be amended so that both documents are
            consistent. Careful thought should also be given to increasing
            the number of trustees on the Board.

            3. Dedicated trustees who are willing to work directly on behalf
            of the museum must be identified and recruited. It is essential
            that most of the trustees be in a position to contribute
            financially to the growth of the museum, or influence others who
            can provide meaningful support.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 12


            4. The strengthening of the Board must become the museum's top
            priority. Until the Board accepts its leadership, planning, and
            fiduciary responsibilities, little meaningful growth can occur.



                                  STAFF AND VOLUNTEERS


                 A professionally trained staff is essential to the long-
            term success of any museum. The staff provides the necessary
            knowledge and expertise to ensure the museum is operated in
            accordance with professionally accepted standards. Museums which
            are serious about their future must also be serious about hiring
            and retaining a professional staff.

                 NMMM does not presently have the personnel needed to
            implement the ambitious range of activities envisioned by the
            organization. Qualified, trained staff is not available, staff
            compensation and benefits are woefully inadequate, and a once
            thriving volunteer program has become moribund. Each of these
            issues must be addressed in order for NMMM to see real growth.

                 If the museum is to succeed and become an active force in
            preserving and interpreting the maritime heritage of Northwest
            Michigan, its planning, governance, finances, exhibits,
            collections management, and overall operations Must become more
            sophisticated. The current level of staff training may not be
            adequate for the demands of a modern museum.

                 Jed Jaworski serves as director of NMMM. A native of the
            area, Jaworski has strong maritime credentials. For several
            years he sailed with the Grand Trunk Railroad, following
            graduation from high school. He is a certified diver and has
            extensive knowledge of the maritime heritage of Northwest
            Michigan.

                 In 1981, Jaworski, along with two colleagues, incorporated
            the NMMM as a repository for local maritime history. At the
            time, NMMM was the only maritime museum in Northwest Michigan.
            Jaworski was the museum's first resident director, supervising
            Michigan Youth Corps workers and County workers. He began
            receiving a salary in 1988, although today he is paid only "when
            the money is available." His salary comes mainly from the
            administrative line items of grants received by the museum.

                 Jaworski has not had the opportunity to receive formal
            museum training, although he has actively pursued disciplinary
            knowledge through membership in professional organizations. His









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 13


           accumulated knowledge notwithstanding, the future direction of
           the museum would be significantly enhanced by his obtaining
           professional training.

                The need for professional training and some of the benefits
           which can accrue from it are often subtle. Almost everyone
           recognizes that professional training equips the recipient with
           essential job skills. Admittedly, some of these can be learned
           on the job and through self-directed study. However, the
           intangible value of formal training is the message it conveys.
           Professional training imparts an imprimatur which says to the
           membership, to the community, to donors, and to colleagues that
           the institution is indeed serious about its future. The
           favorable results which stem from the investment in such training
           often separate the thriving organizations from those that are
           struggling.

                There are various levels of training which NMMM can pursue,
           ranging from seminars lasting a day to degree programs. It may
           not be possible to move immediately to the degree level.
           However, at a minimum, NMMM should investigate short-term
           seminars on appropriate topics.

                For a struggling organization, the issue of salary and
           benefits can be problematic and inwardly spiraling. The lack of
           paid staff, even one part time administrator, sends a signal that
           the mission of the museum is not important. Timely results can
           be demanded from a compensated employee; it is more difficult to
           do the same with a volunteer employee.

                An absence of funding prevents NMMM from paying a compet-
           itive salary. This in turn decreases the amount of time and the
           level of expertise available to attend to the museum's needs.
           The answer to the issue should not be that the director can earn
           a living through other pursuits and handle the needs of NMMM as
           time permits. Until NMMM gets at least one part time employee
           who receives meaningful compensation, it will be extremely
           difficult for NMMM to record substantial growth.

                Volunteers have played an important role in NMMM's
           development. The institution was incorporated through volunteer
           initiative, and virtually all the progress of the past 11 years
           was a direct result of volunteer efforts.

                While volunteers continue to make contributions in all areas
           of NMMM's operations, most volunteers are currently involved with
           the underwater preserve. An active group of 20 volunteers tend
           to all needs of the preserve from operating boats, to supervising
           the sites.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 14


                 The volunteer support of the underwater preserve is
            exemplary for the size and resources of NMMM. There is a clear
            sense of commitment to the mission and purpose of the preserve.
            Unfortunately, this level of dedicated volunteerism is not as
            evident in other areas of the museum.

                 The absence of effective volunteer leadership has already
            been discussed. According to Jaworski, the volunteer list has
            about 140 names. Forty are considered to be active, and most of
            these are affiliated with the underwater preserve. NMMM must
            find a way to transfer the enthusiasm and involvement with its
            preserve program to other areas of the museum.


            Recommendations:

            1. NMMM should examine its level of staffing and either reduce
            the scope of its programs to correspond with existing staffing,
            or increase the size of staff to handle the programs. Any
            expansion in staff will require an increase in funding.

            2. NMMM should commit itself to increasing the professional
            expertise of its staff. Para-professional expertise has served
            the museum well; however, growth,and development of NMMM will
            necessitate a higher level of professional knowledge.

            3. NMMM should reinvigorate its volunteer program. Volunteers
            will continue to play an important role for the museum. Growth
            in the quality and quantity of volunteers hours should become a
            priority.




                                         FINANCES



                 No museum is without challenges, and no challenge faced by
            any museum is isolated. Personnel, governance,   exhibits,
            collections, funding, and every other component  of a museum's
            operation are intertwined to such a degree that  pressures on any
            area spread to and impact upon adjacent areas.   Nonetheless, the
            pressure of insufficient funding influences the  course and
            success of a museum more than any other factor.

                 To write that NMMM is in dire financial straits is an
            understatement. These is no evidence of thoughtfully constructed
            financial plans, no diversified revenue base, no operating bud-
            get, no insurance -- in short no money. All of these absences
            are disturbing and point to eventual dissolution of the museum









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 15


            unless present trends are reversed. NMMM should move quickly to
            develop realistic financial plans and to begin their imple-
            mentation.

                 NMMM has been existing for some time without an operating
            base. The director's only compensation has come from the normal
            administrative expense lines for discharging the museum's grants.
            The director does not receive a regular salary.

                 The Board had not adopted an operating budget for the
            current fiscal year at the time of this visit. The only
            financial information reviewed by the Board pertained to the
            grants for operating the Underwater Preserve.

                 The need to diversify NMMM's base of operating support is an
            immediate priority. Efforts should be made to increase the
            levels of admissions, individual memberships, and gift shop sales
            to a sufficient level to support minimum professional operations.
            Corporate funding, governmental appropriations, and elevated
            individual support should also be considered. NMMM should begin
            pursuing each source with vigor.

                 At the time of this consultation, all NMMM members were in
            arrears for annual dues. The Board had d-irected that all lapsed
            members be carried in good standing. As a result, the membership
            program has become stagnant.

                 Jaworski stated that former members numbered approximately
            240. Another 180 persons belong to SPCM, while an additional 140
            are active preserve volunteers. It is recognized there may be
            overlap among these two ancillary groups and NMMM. Discounting
            common membership of at least 60 persons, still leaves 500
            potential members. At $10 for an individual membership and $25
            for a sustaining membership, NMMM is forfeiting between $5,000
            and $6,000 annually. (Before contacting these potential members,
            NMMM should ensure it has definite plans in place, as will be
            discussed later.)

                 Prior to being forced to vacate its previous building in
            Frankfort, NMMM was charging $1.50 for admission. Because the
            museum has been unable to relocate into an appropriate building,
            it is totally devoid of funds at present. Until it resolves the
            location of its building, NMMM will be unable to collect
            admissions fees.

                 The same situation apples to gift shop revenue. Without a
            suitable building to house the gift shop, no revenue can be
            realized.









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 16


                In April, 1990, the Board had a special fund drive to raise
           approximately $2,000. This was used to pay past due utility fees
           and gift shop invoices. one of the most telling signs of fi-
           nancial trouble is when an institution must have special fund
           raising events or campaigns to pay operating costs. In general,
           donors respond much more favorably to special appeals if their
           gifts are going toward special projects, or to capital or
           endowment drives.

                Before striking out after these sources (and at the risk of
           being redundant), NMMM must prepare thorough plans for its future
           development and be ready to show evidence of initial success
           implementing the plans. Until individuals, corporations, and
           local government perceive NMMM to be a successful organization
           warranting the investment of corporate profits or tax payer
           dollars, the museum will have little to show for its efforts.

                An appropriation from Leelanau County may be the most likely
           source of new funding for NMMM. Jaworski indicated that the
           village of Empire may be persuaded to help with the acquisition
           of a building for NMMM, but he felt the chances of village
           operating support were extremely low. In order to secure funding
           from Leelanau County or any municipality, NMMM faces the added
           hurdle of altering its status quoimage and convincing elected
           officials that assistance to the ,museum can benefit the entire
           county.

                If Leelanau County can be convinced in principal to aid
           NMMM, it may be easier for the County to pay specific expenses,
           instead of issuing a cash appropriation. For example, the County
           may be able to extend insurance coverage to NMMM or pay utility
           bills and heating bills. one of the most beneficial arrangements
           could be for the County to pay for a part-time or full-time staff
           position.

                Regardless of the form or level of County support, certain
           assurances may be required. For'example, county officials would
           probably be reluctant to provide any staffing for NMMM if they
           thought the need for staffing would continue to increase in the
           future. An alternative may be to limit, by contract, County
           support to a full-time professional position and a part-time
           administrative assistant. If the programs of NMMM then grow to
           the level of requiring more staff, NMMM would be solely
           responsible for raising the additional operating funds.

                Likewise, County support could be limited to a specified
           number of years. At the end of the period the contract could be
           renegotiated, or NMMM could be required to be self sufficient.
           Representation by a county official on NMMM's Board of Directors









            Northwest Michigan maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 17


            could also encourage Leelanau County to be more open to assisting
            the museum.

                 cultivating corporate support could present even more of a
            challenge. Leelanau County is largely rural with virtually no
            major industries which could provide significant funding. In
            order to obtain funding, NMMM will have to find non-traditional
            corporate links to the County.

                 For example, there may be persons with corporate ties to
            other parts of Michigan or the region who vacation in Leelanau
            County. Similarly, there may be outlets in Leelanau County for
            major companies. Supermarkets, department store chains, and
            convenience stores are types of local businesses which may be
            willing to work with NMMM to obtain support form their corporate
            headquarters.

                 Sustaining individual memberships and an annual campaign are
            two other sources of potential operating dollars. Enhanced
            individual support, at varying levels above basic membership, can
            be tied to premium benefits or events. A bonus gift, special
            gatherings at the museum, listing in the museum, or other unique
            offerings and privileges can encourage members to give at
            increased levels. The only caveat is to make sure the sustaining
            membership benefits do not cost more than they bring in.

                 Another approach that can be equally succe9sful is to
            encourage additional giving from individuals without any
            corresponding benefit, other than the satisfaction of assisting
            the museum. Annual giving campaigns (a general appeal to all
            members for additional funds), as well as sustaining membership
            programs, can effectively tap a member's desire to assist the
            institution simply by emphasizing how additional gifts will help
            the museum.

                 Currently, NMMM is attempting to secure funding to purchase
            the Horen Livery which will serve as museum headquarters and
            gallery space. NMMM is to be congratulated for its initiative in
            seeking a new building. However, several changes are required in
            order for this effort to be successful.

                 The purchase and renovation of the building, along with the
            installation of exhibits, is estimated to cost at least $300,000.
            With no cash reserves and no ready source of funds for the
            project, NMMM is looking to local government and to private
            donors to provide the cash.

                 At least three assumptions can be made regarding a fund
            raising effort of this magnitude. First, .several major gifts









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 18


            will be needed to reach the goal. Typically, 80% to 90% of the
            campaign goal is achieve by 10% to 20% of the gifts. NMMM should
            not count on raising the necessary money through a general canvas
            of the membership and the community.
                 secondly, persons who can make significant gifts to fund
            raising campaigns usually support those projects which already
            have a sound track record, are financially solvent for current
            operations, adhere to professionally accepted standards, and can
            present a challenging vision of the future.
                 Lastly, donors of means, and most donors in general, view
            major philanthropic support as an investment. As with any
            traditional investment, they want to be assured that their
            investment will produce a beneficial return, whether for an idea
            they support, for the enhancement of the region's quality of
            life, for economic growth to the community, or for other tangible
            or intangible reasons.

                 A realistic, objective assessment of a gift to NMMM at the
            current time would be classified as a risk, rather than as a
            sound investment. The board must bear in mind that most donors
            will look at the absence of an active membership, the absence of
            a genuine operating budget, the absence of liability insurance,
            the absence of a solid plan for the future, and other similar
            deficiencies as a risky investment. Donors seldom give to a
            project solely on the basis of need. Indeed, there are thousands
            of needy not-for-profits across the country into which donors can
            put their support. Nine times out of ten, donors respond much
            more favorably and more benevolently to the quality of an idea,
            than to the need.

              . Does this mean NMMM's plans to secure major funding are
            impossible to achieve? Absolutely not!! However, the major
            recommendations outlined in this report (rejuvenated volunteer
            leadership, sound financial position, elevated professional
            standards, etc) should be in place, or be close to being
            implemented, before soliciting major gifts. If donors can see
            tangible evidence of a cohesive organization which is operating
            effectively at a basic level, they will be much more inclined to
            provide support for the enhanced and expanded programs.

                 One of the most disturbing and potentially damaging facts
            revealed during this consultation is the absence of any liability
            insurance. If the Board and staff learn nothing else from this
            consultation, it is hoped they will be impressed by the potential
  40        severity of this situation.
                 Prior to the winter of 1990, NMMM had comprehensive









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 19


            liability insurance in force, with an annual premium of $500. In
            late 1990 the museum's insurance carrier learned that NMMM had
            been taking volunteer divers to the Underwater Preserve aboard
            volunteer boats. As a result of this discovery, the carrier
            increased the annual premium to $6,700, an amount completely
            beyond the reach of the museum. Since then, the premium has been
            reduced to $3,600 annually, a sum that still remains beyond the
            means of NMMM. Even if NMMM could afford the annual premium, the
            policy would provide coverage on museum grounds only and would
            not extend coverage to any volunteers.   Thus, NMMM has been
            operating without any insurance in any form for over two years.

                 The liability implications for this situation could be
            legion. conclusive determination on potential exposure can be
            made only by someone versed in the laws of the State of Michigan.
            However, a general interpretation of NMMM's current lack of
            insurance can illustrate several hazards.

                 NMMM faces multiple exposures. An accident involving an
            NMMM employee on official museum business could result in
            litigation against NMMM. Similarly, an accident on property
            @eing leased, rented, or otherwise occupied by NMMM could
            initiate suit against the museum. A member who believes he/she
            has been wronged by the museum, or who believes the museum is not
            discharging its duties and responsibilities to care for and use
            the collection and other tangible assets in a responsible manner
            could bring suit. Perhaps most potentially damaging would be a
            museum-sponsored dive on which serious injury or death occurs.

                 These are only a few obvious examples; other less evident
            cases also exist. Regardless of the nature of the legal
            proceedings, judgements in favor of the litigant and against NMMM
            could be potentially disastrous to NMMM as an organization, as
            well as to its officers, directors, and possibly staff.

                 First, the assets of NMMM could be seized. This could
            extend beyond any financial assets to include the collection and
            any real property owned by the museum. Such a seizure arising
            out of a lawsuit could be fatal for the museum as a cultural
            organization.

                 If the assets of NMMM were insufficient to satisfy the terms
            of the judgement, the personal and real property of officers,
            directors, and senior staff could also be viewed as part of the
            judgement. Some states have enacted laws which hold officers,
            directors, and staff of not-for-profits harmless for their good
            faith actions, unless wilful misconduct or gross negligence is
            proved. The Board of NMMM should find out immediately if
            Michigan has such a law.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 20


                 Even if officers, directors, and staff are protected by
            Michigan law, NMMM would still have to defend itself against any
            suit brought against it. The cost of such legal fees could put
            great strain on the organization and its leadership.

                 Also, one must remember that not-for-profit "hold harmless"
            laws do not absolve officers, directors, and staff of personal
            liability if misconduct or gross negligence can be established
            and proved. It is not inconceivable that a court could rule that
            the officers, directors, and staff of NMMM are negligent in
            allowing museum sponsorship of diving expeditions when liability
            insurance has been denied and is not in force. The issue is not
            whether liability insurance would prevent a diving accident from
            occurring (it obviously would not), but whether the officers,
            directors, and staff are negligent in protecting the assets of
            NMMM by allowing a high rick activity to occur without any
            liability insurance, thereby exposing the assets of the entire
            organization.

                 Please bear in mind this reviewer is not an attorney. The
            possible examples and interpretations of their probable impact as
            outlined above is based on a general knowledge of the types of
            exposure not-for-profits and their boards face. Nothing in this
            report should be construed as a legal opinion or interpretation,
            and NMMM should seek and follow only the counsel of an attorney
            who can advise on the laws of Michigan and any other pertinent
            statutes.

                 The absence of an operating budget, the lack of insurance,
            and other financial shortcomings suggest that directors are lax
            in discharging their fiduciary responsibilities. As a director
            of a not-for-profit organization, each director assumes
            responsibility for the prudent management and stewardship of the
            museum's assets, both personal and real.   Courts have assigned a
            level of responsibility to this charge which exceeds the more
            normal responsibilities of directors. Failure to discharge this
            responsibility can result in personal, pecuniary liability.


            Recommendations:

            1. The Board of Directors should adopt an operating budget,
            establish financial controls, and implement reporting procedures.

            2. NMMM should reestablish traditional sources of funding as
            soon as possible. Individual membership dues should be
            reinstated. Admission and gift shop revenue will have to wait
            until occupation of a new building.









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 21


           3. NMMM should identify and cultivate new sources of operating
           income. Local government funding, corporate support, and higher
           dollar levels of membership participation (sustaining membership
           and annual campaign) should be investigated.

           4. NMMM should develop a comprehensive plan outlining its
           fundraising campaign for purchasing and renovating the Horen
           Livery. The plan must include a credible, yet compelling case
           for support, strong volunteer leadership, realistic potential
           donors, and evidence of recent success by the museum.

           5. The Board of Directors must immediately determine the
           liability presented by the lack of insurance. Adequate coverage
           should be obtained or operations curtailed to an acceptable level
           of risk.

           6. NMMM must bear in mind that its current financial situation
           did not develop suddenly; careful planning and detailed
           implementation and follow through will be essential to the
           success of future fundraising efforts.



                                FACILITIES AND SECURITY


                A permanent facility, properly designed and maintained, is
           essential for the long-term success of every professional museum.
           Practically, a building provides space for the storage and
           protection of the museum's collection, for the installation of
           exhibits and the offering of programs, and for administration and
           management functions. In order to meet these tangible needs a
           building should be properly designed for visitor and staff
           accessibility, provide full protection against damage from the
           elements and from human intruders, and accommodate the museum's
           full range of activities.

                Symbolically, a permanent edifice is needed to give the
           community, members, and prospective donors a feeling of
           permanence. People often base their opinions of a museum on the
           building it occupies. This perception can be strong enough to
           override any other judgements regarding the museum. This
           representative value of a museum building may have a crucial
           impact on fundraising.

                The task of securing much needed funding is always a
           challenge. The task is made even more daunting when a museum
           must explain to prospective donors why there is not a permanent
           museum building. The comfort level of most donors toward a









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 22


            museum will be much higher if they know the organization has a
            permanent location.
                 Throughout its brief history, NMMM has been plagued by a
            lack of adequate facilities. This shortfall has hampered the
            museum's efforts to develop quality exhibits, to care for its
            collections, to establish sustaining levels of visitation, and to
            cultivate an earned income program.

                 Shortly after is incorporation, NMMM moved into a 5,000
            square-foot building at 324 Main Street in Frankfort. Over the
            next eight years NMMM installed exhibits in this building and
            used a portion of it for public programming, administration,
            collection storage, and other needs. Functions that could not be
            accommodated by the space, such as growth in collections, were
            assigned to other sites. For example, railroad boxcars were
            acquired for collection storage. Although not adequate for every
            museum need, the building afforded much needed exhibit and
            programming space. In 1989 NMMM was forced to vacate the
            building. Structural problems caused by the bowing of the back
            wall could not be corrected.

                 For the remainder of 1989 and throughout the summer of 1990,
            an interim office measuring 750 s,quare feet was established at
            413 Main Street in Frankfort. The new space provided programming
            and public access, while the collection was placed at other
            museums and in an array of storage areas.

                 The new space could not accommodate all exhibits and accom-
            panying programs from the previous space, and.was not satisfac-
            tory for the needs of the museum. As a result, a decision was
            made in early 1991 to move everything into temporary storage and
            to begin seeking a suitable permanent location that would,
            accommodate the entire museum.

                 Several possible sites in Leelanau and Benzie Counties were
            considered before settling on the Horen Livery at the junction of
            Lake and Niagara Streets in the Village of Empire. The Livery,
            built in 1912, consists of a ground floor which was used for
            stables and assorted livery functions, and a loft which was used
            to store silage, tack and other equipment. The total square
            footage of the structure is 8,700 square feet.

                 Following its construction in 1912, the livery figured
            prominently in the maritime story of Empire and Leelanau County.
            Its owner and operator was Mike Horen, a Norwegian immigrant.
            Many lake captains secured horses and buggies here for their
            errands around town and excursions into the countryside. Other
            maritime ties, such as involvement with the shipping of timber









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 23


           from Empire give the livery added historical significance as a
           museum building.

                 Preliminary investigations found the building to be
           structurally sound. There was no evidence of any soil or
           subsurface contamination on the site, although NMMM was awaiting
           further analysis. Assuming that no structural contamination
           problems arise, the building and site appear well suited to the
           needs of the museum.

                 The character and history of the livery makes it an ideal
           structure for a maritime museum. The wooden beams and supports
           invoke the members of a wooden ship and provide a sense of scale
           to the interior space. similarly, the wooden roof trusses impart
           a feeling of the frames of an inverted ship.

                 In spite of its character and historical significance, the
           location of the proposed museum building is not without some
           problems. Although the site is in the central portion of the
           Village of Empire, it is off the beaten path. The population of
           the village numbers several hundred persons. The nearest
           sizeable town is Traverse City, which is approximately 20 miles
           away, while other smaller villages can be found in Leelanau,
           Benzie and Grand Traverse Counties. The year-round residents of
           these communities must provide virtually all the leadership, most
           of the volunteers support, and a sizeable portion of the
           financial resources for NMMM to operate. At the' same time, NMMM
           must look beyond these communities and to the visitors of
           Northwest Michigan to provide the bulk of its visitation and the
           remainder of its operating income.

                 The site is less than one mile from the junction of M-22, a
           north-south route between Frankfort and Sleeping Bear Dune, and
           M-72, an east-west road between Empire and Traverse City. The
           center welcomes thousands of visitors annually, while attendance
           at the Park is into the hundreds of thousands.

                 In order to draw a portion of these transients to its new
           museum, NMMM must erect effective directional signage and mount
           an aggressive marketing campaign. NMMM should not fool itself
           into thinking that visitors will automatically walk in the door
           as soon as exhibits are installed.

                 NMMM had a two-year lease on the Horen Livery which was to
           expire in October, 1992. The owner was asking $95,000 for the
           land and improvements, an amount which may be negotiable.     At
           the time of this consultation, Jaworski was in contact with the
           owner to extend the lease another year. If this option was not
           successful, NMMM was to investigate the possibility of a land









           Northwest Michigan maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 24



           contract.

                Assuming NMMM acquires title to the property, Jaworski
           estimated that renovation costs would total around $300,000 "to
           get the building up and running." Additional capital would be
           needed to install exhibits, purchase furniture, and otherwise
           equip the building for occupancy and visitation.

                NMMM is fortunate to have acquired the volunteer services of
           Bob Yvon, a local architect.   He has worked closely with NMMM to
           prepare a site plan, as well as elevations, sections, and
           existing floor plans of the building. Detailed renovation plans
           had not been prepared at the time of the consultation, but were
           to accompany successive steps of the conversion of the livery
           into a museum facility.

                A general schedule for renovation of the building had been
           prepared. Phase I consists of opening the building to the
           public. This is to be accomplished by renovating an office area
           and a small gift shop, encompassing a total of 250 square feet
           near the front of the building, at a projected cost of $1,200.
           This would satisfy NMMM's pressing need of a publicly accessible
           headquarters out of which the organization could begin to
           operate.

                Phase II will consist of preparing a suitable galley space
           on the first floor and installing an exhibit on'the J. H.
           HARTZELL. This exhibit will interpret for visitors the ultimate
           goal of NMMM's renovation of the Horen Livery.

                The rest of the ground floor will be renovated and the
           remaining exhibits will be installed during Phase III. The last
           sequence of the project, Phase IV, will consist of renovating the
           upper level and moving the museum's collections into this space.

                At the time of the consultation, allotment of space for
           museum functions and activities had not occurred. Before the
           allocation process moves too far ahead, it may be wise for the
           Board and staff to reflect on NMMM's mission. As discussed above
           under "Purpose and Planning" the attempts to operate a
           traditional museum, manage an underwater preserve, and still stay
           close to the CITY OF MILWAUKEE, presents NMMM with an extremely
           ambitious agenda. The degree to which NMMM remains involved with
           and actively pursues each of theses objectives will directly
           impact the use of space within the building.

                For example, if NMMM elects to focus primarily on the
           underwater preserve, the building would serve more as an
           interpretive center with all necessary support spaces for diving









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 25


           equipment and supplies, and perhaps only minimal space for
           traditional educational programming and changing exhibits. In
           contrast, a primary focus on conventional museum objectives would
           necessitate more educational programming space, exhibit areas,
           and little if any support space for diving operations.

                Collection policies will also be driven by this decision. A
           museum devoted to the maritime heritage of Northwest Michigan
           would need to collect, preserve, and interpret the maritime past
           on a fairly broad scale. By contrast, an underwater preserve
           interpretive center may collect and exhibit only artifacts which
           relate to the remains of ships in the vicinity of the Manitou
           Passage.

                The pragmatic fundraising and operating requirements which
           surround the purchase, renovation, and opening of the facility in
           Empire may help to clarify NMMM's involvement with the CITY OF
           MILWAUKEE. The successful completion of the facility in Empire
           will clearly be a priority for the next several years. Given the
           investment of time, money, and other resources this project will
           require, the leadership of NMMM must realistically decide how
           much time, money, and energy can be simultaneously, or even
           subsequently, invested in helping to preserve the CITY OF
           MILWAUKEE in its entirety.

                As stated previously, this decision must be made by NMMM; it
           cannot be made by an outside party. However, to avoid a
           conscious discussion and decision could allow NMMM, by default,
           to continue investing resources in the pursuit of establishing a
           traditional museum, operating the underwater preserve, and
           assisting in the preservation of the CITY OF MILWAUKEE. These
           efforts could result in the eventual loss of all three
           objectives, simply because NMMM does not currently have the
           resources necessary to accomplish each objective.

                The detailed plans and treatment of the Horen Livery had not
           been developed. While there will be many issues to address and
           resolve, several will be of paramount importance. Regardless of
           the ultimate use of the building (underwater preserve
           interpretive center vs. museum), historic artifacts will be
           stored and exhibited in the space. Climate control thus becomes
           a concern. It is doubtful NMMM could secure funding to install a
           state-of-the-art climate control system, just as it is unlikely
           the historic fabric of the building could accommodate the strict
           tolerances of such a system. Nevertheless, the interior climate
           of the building should be stabilized to as great a degree as
           possible, given the potentially limited resources.

                Because of the building's age and its historic character,









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 26


            thought should be given to how the space will be renovated.
            Clearly a precise restoration of the livery in which the building
            is returned as fully as possible to its former appearance would
            not be the best way to accommodate the needs of the museum. At
            the same time, the retention of certain historical and
            architectural elements could result in a more fitting building.
            Careful thought should be given to the topic of historic
            preservation as work is planned and implemented. Historic
            preservation literature, such as the Secretary of the Interior's
            Guidelines for Historic Preservation, should be followed to
            broaden the perspective of treating and renovating the building.

                 Likewise, NMMM should investigate the nomination of the
            Livery to the State and the National Register of Historic Places.
            The building definitely fulfills the age requirement of 50 years,
            and on the surface appears to have been significant in the local
            history of Empire. Most of the financial benefits of listing on
            the Register accrue as tax credits, an advantage which would have
            no application to NMMM because of its not-for-profit status.
            Nonetheless, listing in the Register can be enormously
            beneficial. As an endorsement by a disinterested party of a
            site's historical importance, register designation proclaims the
            property has met established standards. This official
            designation can provide an opportunity for extensive public
            relations and can lend added impetus to fund raising efforts and
            to other endeavors.

                 Another area which should be thoroughly researched before
            plans are finalized and renovation is started is the impact of
            the American with Disabilities Act (ADA). In general, ADA
            stipulates that all new construction or renovation of historic
            structures must incorporate specific features to accommodate the
            needs of handicapped constituents. Because of the complexity of
            the act and its numerous provisions, a preservation specialist or
            an architect versed in ADA should be consulted as plans are made.

                 Lastly, renovation plans should incorporate security
            detection measures. Because the building consists largely of
            wood, a fire detection system is an absolute necessity. The
            system should provide local alarms and should be monitored on a
            24-hour basis by the nearest emergency response center. A
            separate intrusion detection system should also be monitored
            continually when the building is closed.

                 There can be no denying that NMMM needs a permanent
            facility, and there should be little argument that the Horen
            Livery will meet the museum's needs. In fact, NMMM is to be
            commended for seeking its own headquarters and exhibit space and
            for selecting the Horen Livery in a very methodical and









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 27


            analytical manner.

                  The necessity of a permanent, adequate headquarters
            building for the museum cannot be overstated. Realistically, a
            building is needed to house the collections, exhibits, programs!
            and administration of the building. Without a permanent building
            the programs and items of the museum are at risk of loss and
            eventual deterioration.

                 However, the reality of the situation calls into question
            NMMM's ability to purchase the property, given its current
            governance and its financial standing. It is easy to say the
            money can be raised, and on that basis alone to move forward to
            purchase the building. Yet, one should bear in mind that NMMM is
            attempting to operate without a budget and is subsisting on
            project income alone. The membership program is in arrears, a
            special fund drive was held within the past two years to pay for
            utilities and gift shop inventory, and (at the time of the
            consultation) officers were not even duly elected to sign legal
            contracts on behalf of the museum should purchase of the property
            occur. All of these indicators call into question NMMM's ability
            to purchase the property at present.

                 NMMM should not abandon its,ongoing efforts to purchase the
            Horen Livery or another suitable property if this does not work
            out. However, the purchase of property and the,renovation of the
            museum should follow, not precede, other essential tasks. Aside
            from the ever-present chance that a dear friend of NMMM will
            underwrite most or all of the costs, NMMM does not appear at
            present to have the internal structure or leadership required to
            purchase and renovate the Horen Livery. With careful planning,
            effective implementation, and perseverance NMMM can create the
            necessary organizational structure to effect the purchase.


            Recommendations.*

            1. Before investing more time and money into the purchase and
            the renovation of the Horen Livery, the Board of Directors should
            decide if NMMM is going to continue focusing on and remain
            involved with its three current objectives (CITY OF MILWAUKEE,
            Manitou Underwater Preserve, and conventional museum). This
            decision will have a direct impact on the eventual configuration
            of space within the building.

            2. NMMM must make arrangements to continue its current occupancy
            of the Horen Livery while developing a case for support which
            will enable the museum to raise the money.required for the
            purchase, renovation, and long-term occupancy of the Livery.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 28


            3. The Horen Livery should be nominated to the State and
            National Register of Historic Places.

            4. All renovations should be planned and implemented to
            safeguard the historical character and integrity of the building,
            while accommodating the functional needs of the museum and
            adhering to pertinent codes and regulations (ADA).

            5. NMMM should develop an aggressive marketing plan which will
            encourage visitation to the Livery once opened.




                                        CONSERVATION



                 The core of a museum is its collection. Without artifacts,
            photographs, documents, and other examples of the material
            culture of previous generations, museums would have few stories
            to tell and the interpretation of history would be stunted. Amid
            the challenges it faces in other area of operation, NMMM
            possesses a representative collection of the maritime heritage of
            Northwest Michigan, cared for and managed to such a degree that
            the collection management, with only a few exceptions, is one of
            the brightest areas of the institution.

                 The creation of the collection began with the incorporation
            of the museum in 1981, and has evolved into four topical areas:
            carferries, shipwrecks, commercial fishing, and small craft.
            This nucleus documents the important components of the region's
            maritime past.

                 Among the carferry artifacts are items from the Fredrickson
            collection, representing the collecting activities of a local
            maritime enthusiast. Archives from the Marine Terminal office of
            the Ann Arbor Railroad, located in Elberta, supplement the
            carferry area with documentary and photographic records. An
            assortment of other carferry material, such as crew uniforms and
            utilitarian items from the carferries, round out this subject
            area.


                 Artifacts from shipwrecks comprise the second major category
            of the collection. About 70% pertain to vessels which were
            stranded in or near the Manitou Passage, and the remainder are
            from actual sinkings. Many of the items had been removed and
            gathered by the Betsie Bay Diving Club, which in turn presented
            them to NMMM.

                 In addition to being a busy carferry port, Frankfort,









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 29


           Michigan was an important center for commercial fishing. This
           chapter of the region's history is documented by NMMM's
           commercial fishing collection. Consisting of both photographs
           and artifacts, these items record the fishing families of
           Frankfort and interpret their place in the maritime story of the
           Great Lakes.

                The fourth segment of the collection, indigenous and
           imported small craft, appears to be the strongest and most
           historically important component. The boats date from the 1890's
           to after World War II, and document the use of small craft by
           turn-of-the-century resorts in the region and for recreational
           boating in general.

                Among them are one of the earliest plywood boats, ca. 1927;
           a locally produced peapod; a craft constructed by a Bohemian boat
           builder in the 19301s; pressed steel boats, ranging in date from
           the 1890's to the 19501s; and one of the only known magnesium
           canoes produced after World War II as part of the search for
           peaceful uses of this strategic metal.

                Like the museum itself, the collection has been moved among
           several locations during the past decade. Most of the collection
           is now at the Storm Hill Storage,building, a three-story, 9,600-
           square foot farm building. Collections, along with exhibit
           props, furniture, and other equipment, are stored at five other
           sites around the county. Almost all collection'material has been
           removed from railroad boxcars to Storm Hill. (Storm Hill was the
           only collection area visited during this consultation.)

                Use of the Storm Hill site is being loaned to NMMM. Prior
           to this, the building had been used for various agricultural
           needs. At some point solid pesticides and insecticides had been
           stored and handled in the building. Residue from these toxins is
           believed to still be in the building. Although this may not
           present a direct threat to artifacts, any dust of residual
           material could be harmful if inhaled or ingested by museum staff
           and visitors. For this reason alone, the collection should be
           relocated to a less threatening location as soon as possible.

                The building also possesses two direct threats to the
           collection. The absence of any climatic controls subjects the
           artifacts to extreme ranges of temperature and humidity. The
           building also lacks an entry detection system, thus exposing the
           collection to a greater risk of theft.

                The actual storage of artifacts and documents in this
           building exhibits a high level of professionalism. Possession of
           almost all objects is legally documented by either a deed of gift









            Northwest Michigan maritime museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 30


            or a loan form. Items are catalogued, with one set of records on
            the premises, and a duplicate set stored away from the building.
            objects are properly stored on shelving lined with ethofoam, and
            black plastic stretched over each shelf protects objects from
            dust and light. Documents are stored in acid-free folders, and
            photographs are similarly protected.

                 The collection management of NMMM is one of its strongest
            features. It is evident that collection management is a
            priority, and the museum's care of its collections is laudable,
            given its overall resources.


            Recommendations:

            1. The collections should be moved from the Storm Hill building
            as soon as possible. The new storage area should have an
            intrusion detection system and provide for a more consistently
            stable environment which is free of toxins.

            2. The staff should continue to curate and manage the collection
            with the current level of professional attention.



                                       EXHIBITIONS


                 The exhibits of NMMM cannot be evaluated by this
            consultation because the museum did not have any exhibits
            installed. As a result, only general comments and suggestions
            can be made about how NMMM should consider designing and
            installing future exhibits.

                 As recently as 1990, NMMM offered several exhibits.
            "Anderson Fish Company: A Walk on the Docks in 192011 presented a
            full scale replica of a portion of the Anderson fish house and
            dock. "Northwest Michigan Small Craft" was on view at the
            National Park's Glen Haven Cannery Museum. The Leelanau
            Historical Museum displayed "Discovering Shipwrecks of the
            Manitou Passage," an exhibit covering the shipwrecks in the
            Manitou Underwater Preserve.

                 Perhaps more than with any other component, donor and public
            reaction to exhibits will determine the success of the museum.
            The opportunity to peer into the past through the merging of
            artifacts and text is the primary reason people visit museumst
            and one of the most important reasons donors contribute funds.
            Usually these is a direct correlation between the perceived









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 31


           quality and content of exhibits, and the overall success of a
           museum.


                Among the other challenges it faces, NMMM must find a way to
           incorporate professional assistance into the creation, design,
           and installation of its exhibits. The storyline which the
           exhibits will tell is central to the cause of the new facility.
           In general, most donors will not become excited by the prospects
           of renovating an 80-year-old building for the mere sake of
           restoration. However, given an opportunity to help bring about
           an exhibit(s) which will enable visitors to understand the
           region's maritime past, many of the same donors will respond more
           favorably. NMMM can ill afford not to have a compelling
           interpretive case for support which will drive much of its fund-
           raising efforts.

                After compelling exhibit plans have convinced donors to
           pledge and to give to NMMM, they expect to see quality. Few
           things will repel a donor as quickly as the perception that the
           final results did not equal the support he/she gave. This is a
           @econd reason professional design and installation must be
           included, if at all possible.

                The last reason for employing professional design and
           installation pertains to the museum's audience. More than any
           other factor, the content and quality of the exhibits will
           determine the level of initial and repeat visit@tion. Today's
           visitor is sophisticated and is accustomed to quality in a
           variety of settings. unless the exhibits portray a lasting sense
           of quality, visitors will look elsewhere for entertainment,
           education, and recreation.

                NMMM may be able to secure professional design assistance
           from the Michigan State Museum. often state museums have offices
           of local history or designated staff to assist local museums. If
           such aid is not possible, NMMM may be able to contract with a
           freelance designer whose fees could be considerably less than an
           exhibit design firm.

                The temptation to bypass profession design, thus saving much
           needed dollars, will be strong. Without question, volunteers and
           staff will be needed to assist with installation, given the
           museum's current financial posture. However, unless this local
           energy is guided and shaped by a professional eye, NMMM will fall
           short of achieving its full potential.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 32


            Recommendations:

            1. NMMM should develop a strong exhibit storyline for its
            renovated space (consistent with its mission) which will
            encourage the donation of major gifts to the renovation project.

            2. NMMM should pledge itself to install the highest quality
            exhibits, consistent with available funds; exhibits should
            inspire pride in donors and appreciation by visitors.



                                 EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES


                 The ultimate goal of every museum should be the education of
            its audiences. Public programs for children and adults, school
            programs for students, special workshops, and other educational
            offerings allow museums to introduce new ideas and concepts, and
            to challenge previously held prejudices and misconceptions.

                 Since its move from Frankfort, NMMM has been unable to offer
            little in the way of educational programs, with the exception of
            its involvement in the Manitou Underwater Preserve. The absence
            of public programs is somewhat understandable as NMMM has not had
            a suitable building for programming, and efforts have focused on
            securing and renovating the Horen Livery.      I

                 The potential for public programs is great. As recently as
            1990 NMMM staff presented 17 programs on Manitou Underwater
            Preserve and regional maritime history. Audiences ranged from
            public performances to grade school students, to civic and
            professional organizations.

                 As NMMM pursues its fundraising efforts for the Horen
            Livery, the role and importance of public programs in the form of
            outreach presentations cannot be overemphasized    Programs
            provide a natural forum to acquaint the audience with the
            region's rich maritime past, while informing them of the museum's
            current development needs and plans for the future.

                 The implementation of an effective and sustained outreach
            program will require the assistance of volunteers. The director
            cannot be expected to make every presentation, especially given
            the other demands which will be placed upon him.









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 33


           Recommendations:

           1. NMMM should begin presenting to schools and area groups
           programs which convey meaningful information about the region's
           past.

           2. Volunteers should be recruited and enlisted to help with the
           museum's educational programs.



                             AUDIENCE AND PUBLIC RELATIONS



                one of the best measures of a museum's effectiveness is the
           degree to which it reaches and serves its audience. Public
           response is essential to validate a museum's programs and
           exhibits. Effective public relations can also be a source of
           funds, volunteers, and other resources to help sustain the
           organization.

                It is difficult to evaluate NMMM's existing audience since
           the museum has not been open for over two years. The museum's
           best year at its first location (1981-1900) was 1988, when 8,700
           persons visited at a cost of $1.50 each. In 1990, following the
           relocation to the mini-mall, the museum welcomed 9,000 visitors
           between June and October. It should be noted that at this time
           the museum did not have any exhibits and was supplying
           information only to visitors.

                These totals become more impressive when one considers the
           combined population of Frankfort and Elberta is approximately
           2,000, while the population of Benzie County is slightly more
           than 12,000. The level of museum visitation, relative to local
           population, underscores the strong tourism of the area.

                one would assume that the new museum building in Empire
           would be as successful. Although the Village of Empire numbers
           only several hundred inhabitants, its proximity to Sleeping Bear
           Dunes National Lakeshore assures a sizeable pool of tourists to
           draw upon. As a result, seasonal visitation of 7,500 to 10,000
           seems to be very realistic.

                NMMM should investigate the installation of directional
           signage on M-22 and M-72 following the opening of the new museum.
           The National Lakeshore will draw thousands of persons to the
           region; however, it is incumbent upon NMMM to provide signage to
           direct them to Empire.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 34


                 While NMMM can anticipate significant seasonal visitation,
            off-season and local visitation may prove more challenging.
            Traverse City, the nearest sizeable town (15,000), is
            approximately 20 miles away, as are the smaller communities of
            Frankfort, Elberta, Beulah, and Benzonia. The population of the
            three-county area (Benzie, Leelanau, and Grand Traverse) is
            approximately 90,000. In order to counteract the distances local
            residents must travel to the museum, NMMM must provide a strong
            agenda of educational programs, backed by an active public
            relations program.

                 NMMM makes effective use of brochures and similar
            publications. The museum has its own promotional piece, and has
            joined with 12 other historic sites and museums to publish and
            distribute the "Shoreline Museum Tour" brochure.  (The brochure
            did announce the Horen Livery would be open for tours in June,
            1992, a goal which still was far from reality in September,
            1992.)

                 Perhaps the greatest local public relations challenge faced
            by NMMM is overcoming the shadow of its own past. objectively
            speaking, the museum has had less that a stellar record. Its
            unfortunate sequence of headquarters buildings, its recent
            absence from the public eye for almost two years, its moribund
            membership program, and its lack'of dynamic volunteer leadership
            has most likely fostered a lack of confidence in the organization
            and raised questions of its credibility. NMMM may find it
            extremely difficult at first to restore its credibility among the
            local populace. The museum should carefully plan what and when
            it will announce publicly, making sure that what is announced
            will be achieved when promised, as promised. NMMM should also be
            prepared to exploit all favorable developments to the greatest
            extent possible.


            Recommendations:

            1. NMMM should begin developing an aggressive marketing plan,
            complete with directional signage, to encourage visitation when
            the Horen Livery opens.

            2. NMMM should recognize that extensive public relations may be
            required to overcome the inertia created by its inactivity for
            the past two years. The effectiveness of this public relations
            effort will determine in large part NMMM's ability to achieve its
            educational, facility, and exhibit goals.









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 35


                            MEMBERSHIP AND COMMUNITY.SUPPORT



                 Active membership programs are indicative of growing,
           thriving museums. Support by members in the form of dues,
           contributed goods and services, assistance with programs and
           special events, and fund raising endeavors mark an organization
           that has a broad public base. Conversely, the absence of these
           forms of member involvement often point to significant
           organizational problems. The gradual decline of NMMM's
           membership base over the past few years suggests that
           considerable emphasis is needed to get the membership program,
           and community support in turn, back on track.

                 At the height of the museum's operation in downtown
           Frankfort (1987-1988), individual membership numbered
           approximately 240, and there were no corporate members.
           Individual dues were $10 and sustaining dues were $25. The
           annual meeting of the members drew between 40 and 45 persons.
           Primary membership benefits were a newsletter and free admission
           to the museum.

                 During the time the museum relocated from downtown Frankfort
           to the mini-mall and then to the'@Tillage of Empire, the
           membership program faltered. Publication of the newsletter
           became less frequent. At the time of this consultation,
           membership renewals had not been mailed in over a year, and the
           Board had directed that all previous members continue to be
           carried as members in good standing.

                 Likewise, community support has declined with the move to
           Empire. This is due in part to the smaller size of Empire and in
           part to the less active public image of NMMM.

                 In order for NMMM to begin moving forward again, it must
           rejuvenate its principal means of communicating with its members:
           its newsletter. With the recent developments regarding the Horen
           Livery and its planned renovation, NMMM should have no problem
           sharing exciting news with its members. Given the small press
           run of the newsletter, NMMM should be able to find a printer or a
           local business to publish the newsletter gratis.

                 NMMM should also send renewal notices to all former members
           as soon as possible. This will be the first step toward securing
           much needed funding; and it will establish in the minds of the
           members that NMMM is indeed serious about its future.

                 The temptation may exist to launch an aggressive membership









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 36


            campaign throughout the region. While this effort should not be
            discouraged, it should be entered into very cautiously. Assuming
            that most local residents with a strong interest in the region's
            maritime past are included among the current membership, future
            growth in membership will most likely come from individuals
            interested in supporting and promoting local cultural
            institutions. Their support, however, may be more difficult to
            obtain and may require more effort to retain.  For this reason,
            NMMM may wish to time a membership campaign to coincide with more
            definite development of the Horen Livery. The  promise and
            excitement of things to come may not be enough to enlist this
            next tier of potential members.   Indeed, they may require actual
            proof and more concrete benefits.


            Recommendations:

            1. NMMM should begin publishing its newsletter as soon as
            possible, seeking a business or printer to underwrite the costs.

            2. Renewal notices should be mailed to all members.

            3. Membership recruitment should become a priority, although a
            wide scale membership campaign should be tabled until NMMM has
            reinstituted more programs and activities, and until plans for
            the Horen Livery become more definitive.



                                       CONCLUSION



                 At the time of this consultation the future of the Northwest
            Michigan Maritime Museum was not particularly promising. The
            scattered pieces of a brighter future were present, but NMMM had
            been unable to assemble the pieces into a thriving, unified
            organization. There are, no doubt, a number of reasons for this
            lack of progress; however, three major problems must be addressed
            in order for NMMM to move ahead.

                 Above all else, NMMM must rekindle the intangible spark of
            leadership which is the source of creativity and drive needed by
            every not-for-profit museum. At present, it,seems that NMMM has
            scant faith in its ability to rejuvenate itself and to shape its
            own destiny. There did not seem to be concern about the current
            state of affairs. The absence of liability insurance,
            insufficient funds, no facility for operations, and a stagnant
            membership program would be reason enough for any external
            reviewer to express concern; however, the seemingly indifferent









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 37


           attitude toward these problems among the museum's volunteer
           leadership is extremely troubling.

                 The leaders of NMMM, both its formally elected officers and
           its rank and file volunteers, must acknowledge and accept their
           responsibilities for the future of the museum. Good things
           seldom happen spontaneously. By contrast, they are usually the
           fruits of careful planning, continual dedicated efforts, endless
           evaluation, and occasional luck. It is never enough to simply
           identify and talk about the challenges confronting an
           organization; discussion must be translated into effective
           action. The recommendations in this report offer choices for
           NMMM to consider. However, without a genuine commitment by the
           Board of Directors to see the growth and development of NMMM as a
           professional museum, the recommendations will have no long-term
           effect.

                 once the spark of commitment is recaptured, the leadership
           of NMMM must consider what is to be the mission of the museum.
           It is very questionable if NMMM has the necessary resources to
           eventually preserve the CITY OF MILWAUKEE, to manage the Manitou
           Underwater Preserve, to operate a traditional museum, and to
           acquire substantial funding for a permanent facility. When
           considering its future mission, 1jMMM should'not arbitrarily
           choose one, two, or even three objectives. Instead, the
           evaluation should be based on a thoughtful analysis of each goal.

                 one criterion to consider is past accomplishments. Within
           the past decade, NMMM has been solely responsible for the
           creation and operation of the Manitou Underwater Preserve, a
           pioneering effort which can serve as a model for other interested
           museums and governmental agencies. During the same time, efforts
           to preserve the CITY OF MILWAUKEE and to acquire and operate a
           conventional museum have been less successful.

                 Should NMMM focus its future resources an its current
           strengths, thereby sustaining and improving the Manitou
           Underwater Preserve? or, has the Manitou Underwater Preserve
           reached its full potential, and is it time for NMMM to turn its
           full attention to either the CITY OF MILWAUKEE of the museum, or
           both?

                 NMMM should also consider the relative potential of success
           for each objective. Will volunteers continue to be available for
           the Manitou Underwater Preserve, and can assistance funding
           continue to be received from state and federal agencies? Will
           divers continue to be interested in exploring the wrecks in the
           Preserve? Is it reasonable to assume that sufficient funding
           will ever be made available to preserve the CITY OF MILWAUKEE?









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Page 38


            Ship restoration and preservation is not cheap. As NMMM can
            attest from a decade of involvement, the requirement for human
            and financial resources is considerable. NMMM must determine if
            the time and energy being expended on efforts to preserve the
            carferry is the wisest investment of those resources.

                 Likewise, NMMM should evaluate its ability to operate a
            traditional museum in the Village of Empire. Does the museum
            have sufficient resources to offer educational programs and
            exhibits? Would the space be better used as an interpretive
            center for the Manitou Underwater Preserve?

                 These questions and other kindred ones deserve careful
            analysis and thought. The Board of Directors may decide that
            NMMM can and should continue pursuing each objective with vigor.
            or, the Board may opt for only one or two objectives.
            Regardless, the decision-making process will reinforce the
            commitment to the decision and will move NMMM closer to achieving
            its goals, than if the three goals continue by default as the
            points of efforts without any reflection.

                 After the mission of NMMM is reaffirmed, one of the most
            important tasks NMMM should tackle is obtaining a suitable
            building for exhibits, programs,,qollection, and operations.
            Although no other choice existed at the time, the recent decline
            of NMMM coincides with the move out of the building at 324 Main
            Street in Frankfort. Without a building to house educational,
            programmatic, and administrative functions, NMMM lost its ability
            to generate admissions revenue, to maintain public and member
            interest, and to be an active historical and cultural force for
            the region. The longer NMMM continues to exist without a
            publicly accessible headquarters building, the more difficult it
            will be for the organization to survive long term.

                 The acquisition of a building will not be without its
            challenges, as NMMM can already attest. Significant funds must
            be raised to acquire the Horen Livery, a task which may be beyond
            the capabilities of the museum at present. Yet, without a
            permanent building the energy and the very existence of the
            museum is slowly being drained away.

                 A lot of time and effort has been expended in trying to
            acquire the Horen Livery. NMMM must be wary that the price of
            this quest does not end up consuming the entire organization. If
            the Horen Livery cannot be obtained within a reasonable time and
            for a reasonable amount, in spite of NMMM's best efforts, a
            suitable building must be found elsewhere. NMMM cannot afford to
            continue operating without a permanent building.









           Northwest Michigan maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Page 39


                NMMM clearly faces challenges other than the three discussed
           in this conclusion. Recommendations found in this report should
           be helpful to stimulate discussion and to move NMMM closer
           towards achieving its full potential. With thoughtful planning
           and determined implementation, NMMM will be able to move beyond
           its current malaise to a more rewarding future.






  9









                                        APPENDIX I



                                     RECOMMENDATIONS
























                                                            I









 0









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Appendix I


                                    RECOMMENDATIONS


           Purpose and Planning

           1. The leadership of NMMM must consciously decide if NMMM is
           going to continue being involved with the CITY OF MILWAUKEE, the
           Manitou Underwater Preserve, and the maritime museum, or if
           efforts will be focused on one or two of the three. The decision
           will not easy and no outsider can tell NMMM whether to continue
           pushing ahead for all three or to consolidate its efforts.


           2. NMMM must commit itself fully to the decision reached in
           paragraph 1 above. At a minimum, the decision must be fully
           supported by the entire Board of Trustees. More preferably, the
           decision should have broad consensus beyond the Board. Unless
           there is a genuine commitment to the decision, it appears little
           progress can occur.


           3. NMMM should consider using a planning expert in planning to
           help put together plans for the organization, and to facilitate
           the discussions on how much and at what level NMMM is going to
           undertake.




           Governance

           1. Trustees, individually and collectively, should reexamine
           their commitment to NMMM. In order for the museum to grow and
           develop, trustees must make NMMM a personal priority. If a
           trustee cannot make the museum a priority, he/she should resign,
           thereby allowing someone who can make the museum a priority to be
           elected.


           2. The language of the Bylaws and the Constitution regarding the
           number of trustees should be amended so that both documents are
           consistent. Careful thought should also be given to increasing
           the number of trustees on the Board.


           3. Dedicated trustee who are willing to work directly on behalf
           of the museum must be identified and recruited. It is essential
           that most of the trustees be in a position to contribute
           financially to the growth of the museum, or influence others who
           can provide meaningful support.









            Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Appendix I



            4. The strengthening of the Board must become the museum's top
            priority. Until the Board accepts its leadership, planning, and
            fiduciary responsibilities, little meaningful growth can occur.



            Staff and Volunteers

            1. NMMM should examine its level of staffing and either reduce
            the scope of its programs to correspond with existing programs,
            or increase the size of staff to handle the programs. Any
            expansion in staff will require an increase in funding.


            2. NMMM should commit itself to increasing the professional
            expertise of its staff. Para-professional expertise has served
            the museum well; however, growth and development of NMMM will
            necessitate a higher level of professional knowledge.


            3. NMMM should reinvigorate its volunteer program. Volunteers
            will continue to play an important role for the museum. Growth
            in the quality and quantity of volunteers hours should become a
            priority.



            Finances

            1. The Board of Directors should adopt an operating budget,
            establish financial controls, and implement reporting procedures.


            2. NMMM should reestablish traditional sources of funding as
            soon.as possible. Individual membership dues should be
            reinstated. Admission and gift shop revenue will have to wait
            until occupation of a new building.


            3. NMMM should identify and cultivate new sources of operating
            income. Local government funding, corporate support, and higher
            dollar levels of membership participation (sustaining membership
            and annual campaign) should be investigated.

            4. NMMM should develop a comprehensive plan outlining its
            fundraising campaign for purchasing and renovating the Horen
            Livery. The plan must include a credible., yet compelling case
            for support, strong volunteer leadership, realistic potential









           Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Appendix I


           donors, and evidence of recent success bythe museum.


           5. The Board of Directors must immediately determine the
           liability presented by the lack of insurance. Adequate coverage
           should be obtained or operations curtailed to an acceptable level
           of risk.



           6. NMMM must bear in mind that its current financial situation
           did not develop suddenly; careful planning and detailed
           implementation and follow through will be essential to the
           success of future fundraising efforts.


           Facilities and Security

           1. Before investing more time and money into the purchase and
           the renovation of the Horen Livery, the Board of Directors should
           decide if NMMM is going to continue focusing on and remain
           involved with its three current objectives (CITY OF MILWAUKEE,
           Manitou Underwater Preserve, and conventional museum). This
           decision will have a direct impact on the eventual configuration
           of space within the building.


           2. NMMM must make arrangements to continue its'current occupancy
           of the Horen Livery while developing a case for support which
           will enable the museum to raise the money required for the
           purchase, renovation, and long-term occupancy of the Livery.


           3. The Horen Livery should be nominated to the State and
           National Register of Historic Places.


           4. All renovations should be planned and implemented to
           safeguard the historical character and integrity of the building,
           while accommodating the functional needs of the museum and
           adhering to pertinent codes and regulations (ADA).


           5. NMMM should develop an aggressive marketing plan which will
           encourage visitation to the Livery once opened.


           Conservation

           1. The collections should be moved from the Storm Hill building









            Northwest Michigan maritime Museum
            Museum Assessment Program
            Appendix I


            as soon as possible. The new storage area should have an
            intrusion detection system and provide for a more consistently
            stable environment which is free of toxins..


            2. The staff should continue to curate and manage the collection
            with the current level of professional attention.



            Exhibitions

            1. NMMM should develop a strong exhibit storyline for its
            renovated space (consistent with its mission) which will
            encourage the donation of major gifts to the renovation project.


            2. NMMM should pledge itself to install the highest quality
            exhibits, consistent with available funds; exhibits should
            inspire pride in donors and appreciation by visitors.



            Educational Activities

            1. NMMM should begin presenting to schools and area groups
            programs which convey meaningful information ab6ut the region's
            past.


            2. Volunteers should be recruited and enlisted to help with the
            museum's educational programs.



            Audience and Public Relations

            1. NMMM should begin developing an aggressive marketing plan,
            complete with directional signage, to encourage visitation when
            the Horen Livery opens.


            2. NMMM should recognize that extensive public relations may be
            required to overcome the inertia created by its inactivity for
            the past two years. The effectiveness of this public relations
            effort will determine in large part NMMM's ability to achieve its
            educational, facility, and exhibit goals.









           Northwest Michigan maritime Museum
           Museum Assessment Program
           Appendix I


           Membership and Community Support

           1. NMMM should begin publishing its newsletter as soon as
           possible, seeking a business or printer to underwrite the costs.


           2. Renewal notices should be mailed to all members.


           3. Membership recruitment should become a priority, although a
           wide scale membership campaign should be tabled until NMMM has
           reinstituted more programs and activities, and until plans for
           the Horen Livery become more definitive.






  0
























                                        APPENDIX E








  0











  0

















                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               t44     '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 _t7-1
























                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 .;i    o@









                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 NED,






                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ?or





                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           .di









                                                                                                                                                                         si



                                                                                                                                                                       p". I






















                                                                                                                                                                                                           6v







                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   WR






                                                                                                                                                                                              Yr                         f

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           .@Ar,'






  0                                             1


























                                        APPENDIX F






  0











 0








          MICHIGAN  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE
														LANSING
             RICHARD H. AUSTIN - SECRETARY OF STATE
                                                                                    MICHIGAN 48918


              Bureau of History, State Historic Preservation Office
              Michigan Library and Historical Center
              717 West Allegan Street
              Lansing, Michigan  48918-1800



              November 2, 1992


              Mr. Jed Jaworski
              Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum
              P.O. Box 388
              11712 lake Street
              Empire, Michigan 49630



              RE: ER-920436        Horen Livery Project, Empire, Leelanau County (MDNR)


              Dear Mr. Jaworski:


              Under the authority of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended,
              we have reviewed the preliminary plans for the above-cited project. The
              proposed work will have no adverse effect (federal regulation 36 CFR Part
              800.9[c]) on the Horen Livery, which is eligible for listing in the National Register
              of Historic Places, provided the following condition is met:


                    -When available, detailed plans and specifications are submitted to this office
                     for review.


              If you concur, please sign this letter below and return it to this office. Then
              submit a copy of this signed letter, together with project documentation, to the
              Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite
              809, Washington D.C. 20004. The project documentation required (36 CFR 800.8[a])
              is similar to the materials submitted to this office, including at minimum:


                   1)    A description of the project, including photographs, maps, and
                         drawings, as necessary;


                   2)     A description of historic properties affected by this project;


                   3)     The views of the State Historic Preservation Officer, affected local
                          governments. Indian tribes, Federal agencies, and the public that were
                          provided and a description of the measures used to solicit those views.


              Please note that the Section 106 review process will not be completed, until you
              have received the formal comments of the Advisory Council on Historic




      MS-46 (2/92)                        "Safety Belts and Slower Speeds Save Lives"
 







            Bureau of History                                                          Page
            Michigan Historic Preservation office



            Preservation. If you have any questions or require further assistance, please
            contact the Environmental Review Coordinator at (517) 335-2721.


            Thank you for the opportunity to comment and for your cooperation.


            Sincerely,






            Kathryn B Eckert
            State Historic Preservation Officer


            KBE:BDC:em
            Enclosure
            cc Charlene Dwin Vaughn, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation


            I concur:                                                       Date: 11/04/92
                     
 






     NPS Form 10-900                                         OMB No. 1024-0018
     (Rev. 8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  Wational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     REGISTRATION FORM



     1. Name of Property

     historic name:    Horen Livery

     other name/site number:     Clagett's Barn



     2. Location


     street & number:     11712 Lake Street

                                                      not for publication: -N/A

     city/town: _ Empire                                         vicinity: _N/A

     state: MI   county: -Leelanau                code:.089     zip code: 49630



     3. Classification

     Ownership of Property: _Private

     Category of Property:     Building

     Number of Resources within Property:

             Contributing   Noncontributing

                -1             -0    buildings
                  0            -0    sites
                -0             -0    structures
                  0            -0    objects
                                     Total

     Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National
     Register: -0-

     Name of related multiple property listing:     N/A







     4. State/Federal Agency Certification

     As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act
      f 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this      nomination
  Orequest for determination of eligibility meets the aocumentation
     standards for registering properties in the National Register of
     Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements
     set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property       meets
          does not meet the National Register Criteria.      See continuation
     sheet.


     Signature of certifying official                 Date


     State or Federal agency and bureau


     In my opinion, the property      meets      does not meet the National
     Register criteria.      see continuation sheet.


     Signature of commenting or other official        Date


     State or Federal agency and bureau

   W5.===N=a=t=i=o=n=a=l=P==a=r=k==S=e=r=v=i=c=e==C=e=rt==i=f=i=ca==t:@i==o=n==================================
     I, hereby certify that this property is:

          entered in the National Register
               See continuation sheet.
          determined eligible for the
           National Register
               See continuation sheet.
          determined not eligible for the
           National Register
          removed from the National Register

          other (explain):


                                               Signature of Keeper    Date
                                                                    of Action



     6. Function or Use

     Historic: -Commerce/trade              Sub: -Other-Livery Stable/Garage_
               -Transportation                   -Other-Livery Stable/Garage_

     Current     Recreation/culture         Sub: Museum (work in progress)







     7. Description

     Architectural Cl assification:
   0    other


     Other Description:     Commercial Barn

     Materials: foundation     Concrete       roof -wood/asphalt-
                 walls      -concrete block-  other -steel
                            -wood frame

     Describe present  and historic physical appearance. _X_ See continuation
     sheet.




     8. Statement of Significance

     Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in
     relation to other properties:

     Applicable National Register Criteria: -A,-C-

     Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) : _N/A@._

      reas of Significance: -Transportation
                               Commerce
                             -Architecture



     Period(s) of Significance: _1908-       - -1917

     significant Dates    : _1908-   _1915-

     Significant Person(s): _N/A


     Cultural Affiliation: - N/A

     Architect/Builder:    -Horen, Michael F.



     State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria
     considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above.
         See continuation sheet.







     9. Major Bibliographical References

      X see continuation sheet.
  Wr-evious documentation on file (NPS):

       preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been
           requested.
       previously listed in the National Register
     X previously determined eligible by the National Register
       designated a National Historic Landmark
       recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey
       recorded by Historic American Engineering Record

     Primary Location of Additional Data:

       State historic preservation office
       other state agency
       Federal agency
       Local government
       University
       Other -- specify Repository: -Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum



     10. Geographical Data

     Acreage of Property:  - .53
  WTM References: Zone Easting Northing       Zone Easting Northing
                   A                        B
                   C                        D


                        See continuation sheet.

     Verbal Boundary Description: _X_ See continuation sheet.




     Boundary Justification: _X_ See continuation sheet.





     11. Form Prepared By


     Name/Title: -Jed Jaworski,-Lee-Harper,_Tom-Stoltmann,-Lesley_Miller

     Organization: -N.W.-MI.-Maritime-Museum-       Date:_9/20/93
  Otreet & Number:-Box 388                          Telephone:_(616) 352-6106-
     City or Town:_Empire                           State:-MI- ZIP:-49630






     NPS Form 10-900-a                             OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  IV  ational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number -7                                                 Page #1


            Horen Livery
            Leelanau County, MI



            SUMMARY

            The Horen Livery is one of the few unaltered buildings reflecting
            the prominence of the Village of Empire prior to the demise of
            its lumbering operation and subsequent decline. Constructed in
            1908, the grandly scaled structure served the needs of the region
            first as a horse livery and then an horse-auto livery. It was
            also used as a state road commission garage, county garage and
            then Village garage. As a horse-auto livery, the building re-
            flects a transitional period in American history as the automo-
            bile replaced horse drawn transportation.

            The style and materials reflect purely the attributes of one of
            the most enduring architectural legacies, the American barn.
            Built by three individuals from the local area for a civic-
            minded, entrepreneurial Norwegian immigrant, the Horen Livery
            captures a unique chapter in local history while reflecting a
            broader national experience.


            DESCRIPTION (historical appearance)

            The Horen Livery is a large two-story building located centrally
            in the Village of Empire on the Southwest corner of Lake and
            Niagara streets. The construction of the livery was linked with
            a revitalization of the community in 1908. The Empire Lumber
            Company's new mill had just re-opened following a devastating
            fire that deprived the community of its economic life blood. The
            wood utilized to construct the livery bears the distinctive marks
            of the mill's new 16-blade gang saw.

            The size and stature of the Horen Livery clearly demonstrates the
            community's optimistic vision for its future with the new mill in
            operation. One hundred and twenty feet long, 32 feet wide and 70
            feet high, the building far surpassed the dimensions of any
            livery that existed in the area. The lower floor of the struc-
            ture is constructed of textured cement block cast at the site.
            These are laid up in courses upon large poured concrete footings.
            The gang saw marks of the wood used to form the footings can be
            seen in the concrete surface of the footings.






     NPS Form 10-900-a                              OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  0   ational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number  7                                                  Page #2


            Horen Livery
            Leelanau County, MI

            The second floor of the livery is of wood frame construction.
            Sawn wood sheathing is fastened to the framing. Pressed metal
            sheeting that copies the appearance of the concrete block is
            attached over the frame. The prominent roof is of a gambrel
            rafter design. The mathematical placement of structural members
            clearly parallels the accepted standards for gambrel construc-
            tion. The gambrel rafter construction provides the advantages of
            large, unobstructed space; good appearance; economy of material
            (no heavy timbers); easy framing from stock materials; and easy
            erection. Sawn cedar shingles cover the roof.

            Twelve windows measuring 24 inches by 18 inches are evenly spaced
            along the north and south elevations just below the top of the
            concrete block walls. These windows provide both light and
            ventilation to the building. Located in the center of the east
            elevation, a large two-section wooden door provides direct access
            to Lake Street. Each door panel is 10 feet 1/4 inch high and 6
            feet 8 3/4 inches wide, is framed by 2x4s and is sheathed in
            3 1/4-inch tongue and groove. Mounted on a channel track, each
            side of the door slides out along the interior wall when opened.
            on the second floor above this door, a single door of similar
            construction measuring 7 feet 11 3/4 inches high and 7 feet 7 1/4
            inches wide slides in its entirety along the interior wall toward
            the south when opened.

            The rear or west elevation is serviced by a sliding door 9 feet 4
            inches high and 10 feet 1 inch wide (frame to frame) similar to
            the east doors. A 6 foot 11 inch high and 4 foot 2 3/4 inch wide
            hinged door is cut into this larger sliding door. It is hinged
            on the north side and opens inward. Above this on the second
            story, a sliding door of similar construction measuring 8 feet 11
            inches high by 8 feet 5 1/2 inches wide slides to the south like
            its counterpart on the east end. Directly above this door, a
            two-section hay loft door opens inward.

            Attached to the northeast corner of the building is the livery
            keeper's quarters and office. It is a one-story concrete block
            construction with a door and double-hung sash window on the east
            elevation. Two double hung sash windows face north, one in the
            office and one in the sleeping quarters. The roof is a shed or
            lean-to type design. A false ceiling comprised of 211x411 string-
            ers with notched 3 1/4 inch tongue and groove covering conceals






     NPS Form 10-900-a                              OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  &   ational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number -7                                                  Page #3


            Horen Livery
            Leelanau County, MI

            the pitch of the roof. The concrete block walls are finished
            with plaster on the interior. The wood frame wall creating the
            division between the office and sleeping quarters is plaster over
            sawn wood lath. The floor is comprised of 211x8II stringers with 3
            1/4 inch tongue and groove hardwood flooring running lengthwise.
            The flooring is stamped with the name 'IT. Wilce Co." on the
            underside. A wood or coal stove in the office heated this space.
            one light bulb fixture wired in the knob and tube fashion hangs
            in each room. A wooden panel door provides access to the wagon
            room from the office.

            The wagon room is 32 feet wide and 48 feet long. Three large
            trusses that span its width alleviate the need for second floor
            supports such as posts. The floor in this space is poured
            concrete; the interior walls are unfinished concrete block.
            Three incandescent light bulb fixtures illuminate this space.
            The wagon-room is separated from the stable area by a wall with a
            two-section sliding door. The door is sheathed in 3 1/4 inch
            wide tongue and groove and is 10 feet 7 3/4 inches high and 5
            feet 5 1/4 inches wide.

            The stable area was laid out to provide 16 horse box stalls,
            eight on each side with a 10 foot wide center walkway. These
            stalls were generally 9 feet wide and 10 feet deep. The center
            walkway is poured concrete. The stall flooring is comprised of
            planks 2 inches thick and varying from 6 to 12 inches wide over
            dirt. Along the sides of the walkway are posts which support a 6
            1/4 inch by 4 1/2 inch composite beam running the length of the
            stable room. Planks are affixed to these posts on 10-foot
            centers to make up the stall sides. Some posts are unhewn timber
            while others are a composite of three 2 inch by 4 1/2 inch
            boards. In the northeast corner of the stable room is a steel
            water trough. Five incandescent light bulb fixtures illuminate
            this space. The second floor is accessed from the interior of
            the first floor through the stable. A wooden ladder made of
            211x4IIs and affixed to the wall in the northwest corner leads to a
            hatch in the second floor measuring 4 feet 3 3/4 inches by 3 feet
            1 3/4 inches. A second ladder located 30 ft. to the east along
            the north.wall leads to a hatchway measuring 2 feet 5 inches by 3
            feet 9 1/2 inches. A wooden ramp extending from the west second
            floor door and long portable ladders provide the only other






     NPS Form 10-900-a                              OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  Wational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number 7                                                   Page #4


            Koren Livery
            Leelanau County, MI

            access. one light bulb fixture above the smaller hatch provides
            the illumination to the entire second floor.

            The undivided second floor is 120 feet long and 32 feet wide.
            over the wagon room, the floor level is approximately 3 feet
            higher to accommodate the space required by the trusses. This
            part of the second floor is decked with softwood boards running
            the width of the structure. A hardwood floor is affixed onto the
            softwood decking above the stables and runs lengthwise.


            DESCRIPTION (present)

            The Horen Livery has undergone few changes since its construc-
            tion. There is reason to believe that shortly after its con-
            struction, the concrete was white-washed, the metal siding was
            painted white and the trim was painted green. The building
            maintains this same color scheme today; however, the concrete
            blocks have been treated with white paint in lieu of white wash.

            With the exception of a few blocks replaced near the wagon room
            door, all of the original blocks remain in place and in good
            condition. The second story pressed metal sheeting is also
            intact and in good condition. Some of this material was lost
            when, in approximately 1938, the east facade was cut down to
            follow the lines of the gambrel roof. This was the most signifi-
            cant alteration to the building. A small amount of sheathing was
            also removed when the west hay door was removed and replaced with
            a large window.

            The door providing access to the wagon room has received repairs
            but retains much of its original fabric. The door above is in
            its original condition except for a small window cut into its
            center. The doors and windows in the office have been replaced
            at least once.

            The wood shingle roof was covered with a flint-coated asphalt
            shingle roof in approximately 1938. This roof had failed to the
            point where significant damage was occurring to the building by
            1988. In 1990, the original wood and subsequent asphalt shingles
            were.removed, and contemporary chipboard was nailed to the
            original roof boards and a flint coated asphalt shingle was






     NPS Form 10-900-a                              OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
      (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
     rational Park Service

     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number -7                                                  Page #5


            Koren Livery
            Leelanau Countyp MI

            applied over this. A few original roof boards that had deterio-
            rated were replaced with contemporary pine boards. Soffet boards
            were not replaced and are currently in need of repair.

            The office interior is essentially unaltered. Water damage from
            the leaking roof damaged the floor beyond repair. The wood/coal
            stove is no longer present; however, its traces are seen on the
            walls. A small amount of the original material in the ceiling
            has Also been water damaged beyond repair. The wagon room is
            fully intact. The large trussworks, however, are severely bowed
            and stressed. Some newer electrical lines have been run for
            ceiling lights, but the knob and tube remains intact.

            In the stable area on the south side, two stables remain fully
            intact. Two other stables on this side were enlarged in 1938 and
            remain thus. The remaining south-side stables have had the
            partitions removed, creating an open area 32 feet long extending
            from the wall that divides the wagon room and stable. The heavy
            plank flooring and back (wall) sides of the box stalls remain.
            The deep wear marks from the hooves of the horses are visible, as
            are the silhouettes of the feed box placements.

            Four of the horse box stalls on the north side, west end of the
            stable have their partitions removed and are now enclosed creat-
            ing a room 41 feet 6 inches by 9 feet 6 inches. Two doors access
            this room, and the floor is comprised of the original stable
            planks. The remaining area is open. A water spigot is located
            in the northeast corner.

            Above the stable area, a removeable section of joist and flooring
            10 feet by 12 feet was most likely cut in the 1940s so county
            road commission employees could hoist and store picnic tables on
            the second floor. The exterior ramp accessing the second floor
            had been dismantled prior to this date. Except for the removal
            of the hay door and a small window cut into the upper east door,
            no alterations exist on the second floor.






     NPS Form 10-900-a                             OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  oational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number -8 -                                               Page #1
                ------------


            Koren Livery
            Leelanau County, MI

            STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

            The Horen Livery is historically significant because it reflects
            the height of Empire's social, economic and architectural devel-
            opment. Architecturally, the livery represents the development
            and adaptation of the American barn. Alsoj the Horen Livery
            represents a facet of American commerce prior to the introduction
            of the automobile and during the transitional period when horses
            and autos co-existed. Of the numerous liveries once present in
            Northwest Michigan, the Horen Livery is one of the few remaining.
            The well-preserved building has supported its historic use for
            over sixty years with its design essentially unaltered.


            HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE


            EARLY EXPIRE

            On Lake Michigan in Northwest lower Michigan, the Village of
            Empire is located at the southeastern end of the Leelanau Penin-
            sula within Leelanau County. The village is entirely surrounded
            by the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore and is the home of
            the Park's Visitor Center. Empirefs origin can be traced to 1851
            when Alonzo Slyfield built a home near what is now North Bar
            Lake. Empire took its name from a schooner that was ice-bound
            off the shores of the settlement in the winter of 1865. In 1871,
            Empire Township was established and a post office was opened. In
            1873, a dock and a wooding station were built by George
            Aylesworth to provide cordwood for passing steamships.

            Taking advantage of Northwest Michigan's abundant timber resourc-
            es, a modest steam-powered saw mill was built in 1885. T. Wilce
            and Company bought the mill in 1887 and, over the years, turned
            it into one the largest and most impressive mills in the area.
            The company built a second dock and connected it with the
            Manistee and Northeastern Railroad at Platte. Along with the
            development of the mill, the village grew to more than 1,000
            people. On the outskirts of the village, a small community
            called "Norway Town" arose. Norway Town was comprised mainly of
            Norwegian immigrants who worked at the mill. The mill burned in
            1903 and again in 1906 but was immediately rebuilt each time on
            an even grander scale.






     NPS Form 10-900-a                              OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  Wational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number 8                                                   Page #2


            Horen Livery
            Leelanau County, MI

            Empire was a boom and bust town; its fortunes rose and fell with
            the death and rebirth of the lumber mill. The town began to
            bustle once again when the Wilce Lumber Company decided to
            rebuild the mill in 1906. It was during this period that the
            Horen Livery was constructed. Empire resident Hilda Joy recalled
            "Empire was quite an exciting place (then]. The hills were full
            of people. There were two saloons in town and a big livery
            barn.... 11 In March of 1917, the Wilce Lumber Company Mill burned
            for the third time. With the supply of standing timber nearly
            depleted, the mill was never rebuilt.   After the Wilce Company's
            previous attempts to diversify failed,  they ceased operations,
            and the railroad tracks were torn up.   Empire's population and
            prosperity plummeted. Currently, Empire is a quaint village
            dependent on tourism with a population of around 350.



            THE HOREN LIVERY

            The Norwegian immigrant Mike Horen had the livery built sometime
            in 1908. Horen, a well-respected member of the community, served
            as the village marshall, postmaster, and a member of the village
            council. He also was a partner in a furniture and undertaking
            business with Charles Ackerman, president of the village council.

            Horen had the livery built in a prominent location: within the
            downtown and adjacent to the lumber mill and train station. The
            livery's central location and size attest to the importance of
            the horse for transportation and Horen's optimistic view of the
            future. It is believed that Mike Horen hired three men from
            Cedar, MI to construct the livery. Blocks similar to those used
            in the livery are found in other buildings in the community of
            the same time period as the livery. The block and mortar illus-
            trate a homogenous application of quality materials which have
            endured extremely well. The block courses and footings are all
            true, as are the gambrel trusses.

            The building reflects many of the principal characteristics of
            the American barn. These functional structures have endured
            centuries immune to design trends, reflecting their beauty in
            purity and simplicity of form. Barns are generally of simple and
            economical construction style, and the Horen Livery is no differ-






      NPS Form 10-900-a                             OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
      (8-86)

      United States Department of the Interior
  Wational Park Service
      NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
      CONTINUATION SHEET

      Section number -8 -                                              Page #3
                ------------


             Horen Livery
             Leelanau County, KI

             ent. It features a gambrel truss which maximizes the amount of
                     *lable for storage of hay or other items. The exposed
             area aval
             wood framing manifests the typical use of exposed structural
             components in barns and the economical use of readily available
             sawn materials. Overhead trusses provide a large, open area
             unencumbered with posts. The concrete walkway down the center of
             the stables made it easier to clean. The wood planks and siding
             in the stalls provided the animals with safety and comfort.

             Barns have always been adapted to meet the specific needs and
             functions applied to them. The Horen Livery's square facade
             reflects its commercial function and presence in the downtown
             business district. The building also features two popular and
             readily available materials of the time: concrete blocks and
             pressed metal siding. The livery had many modern amenities for
             its time: running water, electricity, and a telephone line.

             once prevalent across America, the livery, feed and sales stable
             provided a large variety of necessary public services to the
             surrounding community. They provided horses for hire and for
             sale, various types of horse-drawn vehicles for rent or for sale,
             dray and hearse services, a place to board horses, feed,
             saddlery, shoeing, and many other services important to a commu-
             nity dependent upon horse-drawn transportation.

             The Horen Livery played an important role in the community of
             Empire, providing a multitude of services. The first known
             advertisement for Mike Horen's livery shows that he offered
             "first class rigs at all times; Careful and prompt attention to
             feed teams. Hearse in connection" (Empire Journal, April 16,
             1908). other than rentals, Horen sold horses and buggies; he
             provided feed and boarding for travelers' horses and logging
             teams hauling logs to the Wilce Lumber Company. Horen also ran a
             dray and baggage line. He fetched the Empire Lumber Company's
             supplies that arrived by train and transported baggage for
             travelers. One advertisement stated, "Mike Horen Carriage,
             Teaming, Hearses, in fact we handle anything in the livery line"
             (EmRire Journal, December 9, 1915). In 1918, B.G. Bennett, the
             undertaker and embalmer, advertised to "leave phone calls at
             Mike's livery barn at anytime of the day or night" (Empire
             Journal, December 26, 1918). Mike Horen and the livery served
             the community in less conventional ways. For example, as part of






     NPS Form 10-900-a                              OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  erational Park   Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number -8                                                  Page #4


             Horen Livery
             Leelanau County, XI

             an impromptu celebration on Armistice day, Horen drove the new
             fire bell through town on his dray, ringing it all the way.


             THE AUTO-HORSE LIVERY

             By 1914, the moving assembly line and affordability of the Model-
             T allowed a large number of Americans to own automobiles. But
             automobiles were still not practical for transportation outside
             of large-cities. Horses were still the predominant means of
             transportation in the Empire area until the early 1920s since
             most roads were still unimproved dirt two tracks. Those who did
             own automobiles still relied on horse and buggy transportation
             during the harsh winter since the roads in Empire were plowed
             only once a year.

             This co-existence of horse and auto transportation enabled the
             creation of the auto-horse livery, a business that existed for
             only a short time period. In 1915, the Horen Livery began to
             offer automobile services, and the name of the livery changed to
             Mike Horen Auto and Horse Livery. Horen operated the auto-horse
             livery at least until December of 1918, but the burning of the
             Wilce Lumber Company Mill in 1917 and subsequent demise of Empire
             would make continued success difficult. With no mill and the
             railroad service gone, Horen would not have had many outlets for
             his dray and baggage services. Soon automobiles would become
             more prevalent, and the need for horse liveries would disappear.
             Unfortunately, the transition to just an auto livery was not
             feasible in small towns such as Empire. A town fast on the
             decline, Empire had little need for automobile rentals or taxicab
             services. Horse-auto liveries in general did not survive the
             1920s, and most were used for other purposes or left to deterio-
             rate. Thus, the Horen Horse-Auto Livery remains as a representa-
             tion of America's passage into the age of autos.

             Apparently, the Horen Auto and Horse Livery went out of business
             along with many of the other businesses in Empire after the mill
             burned. In 1936, Mrs. Clagett bought the livery to board her
             horses. At the time, the Michigan Department of Transportation
             began construction of M-72 as part of a state highway program.
             Needing a garage facility for their equipment they contracted
             with Mrs. Clagett to use the front half of the livery. After






     NPS Form 10-900-a                              OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  &   ational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number -8-                                                Page #5
                -----------


            Horen Livery
            Leelanau Countyl MI

            completion of the project around 1946, the state transferred
            equipment ownership and highway maintenance responsibilities over
            to Leelanau County. Mrs. Clagett graciously allowed the county
            continued use of the livery for the service of plowing her drive.
            This arrangement lasted until the 1950s when the Village of
            Empire took over the use of the livery under the same terms.
            continuing in its original use, horses were kept in the livery
            until the 1970s, when the Ace Hardware store began storing lumber
            in the building.

            Today, the setting of the Horen Livery remains characteristic of
            Empire in earlier days. The landscape of the Horen Livery
            property has not changed. The buildings immediately surrounding
            the livery date to its construction and maintain an historical
            @ppearance. The presence of the Horen Livery today readily
            instills a sense of Empire's prosperous heyday in times long gone
            by.






     NPS Form 10-900-a                              OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  Wational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number -9                                                 Page #1
                -----------


            Horen Livery
            Leelanau County# KI

            BIBLIOGRAPHY



            Anderson, Capt. Charles. Personal Interview. Recorded. On file
                  at Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum, Empire, MI. 1987.

            Auer, Michael J. "The Preservation of Historic Barns." 20 Pres-
                  ervation Briefs. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 1989.

            Bald, F. Clever. Michigan in Four Centuries. New York: Harper &
                  Brothers, 1954.

            Bicentennial Committee of the Libraries of Benzonia and Beulah,
                  Michigan. Historic Structures in the Benzonia-Beulah Area.
   0              Pacific Grove, CA: Boxwood Press, 1976.
            Carland, Ted. Personal Interview and Tour. Notes. On file at
                  Northwest Michigan Maritime Museum, Empire, MI. 1993.

            Cockrell, Ron. D.H. Day's Kingdom: A Special History Study of
                  Glen Haven Village Historic District, Sleeping Bear Dunes
                  National Lakeshore, Michigan. Omaha, NE: National Park
                  Service Midwest Regional Office, Office of Planning and
                  Resource Preservation, Division of Cultural Resources Man-
                  agement, 1984.

            Empire Area Heritage Group. Some Other Day: Remembering Empire.
                  2nd Ed. Empire, MI: Empire Area Heritage Group, 1987.

            Empire Journal and Empire Leader. Available issues from 1899 to
                  1918.


            Fradd, Robert. Personal Interviews. Recorded. On file at North-
                  west Michigan Maritime Museum, Empire, MI. 1992, 1993.

            Halsted, Byron D., ed. Barns, Sheds and outbuildings: Placement,
                 .Design and Construction. Battleboro, VT: The Stephen Greene
                  Press, 1977.

            Kasson Heritage Group. Remembering Yesterday. Kasson, MI:
                  Kasson Heritage Group, date unknown.






      NPS Form 10-900-a                             OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
      (8-86)

      United States Department of the Interior
      National Park Service


      NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
      CONTINUATION SHEET

      Section number -9                                                 Page #2


            Horen Livery
            Leelanau county, KI

            Lambkin, Jack. Personal Interview. Recorded. On file at North-
                  west Michigan Maritime Museum, Empire, MI. 1993.

            Lewis, Eva. Personal Interview. Recorded. On file at Northwest
                  Michigan Maritime Museum, Empire, MI. 1992.

            Littell, Edmund M.   100 Years in Leelanau. Leland, MI: Littell,
                  Edmund, 1965.

            Neubauer, Loren W. and Harry B. Walker. Farm Building Design.
                  New York: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1961.

            Plowman, Earl. Personal Interview. Recorded. on file at North-
                  west Michigan Maritime Museum, Empire, MI. 1993.
   0        Sloane, Eric. American Barns and Covered Bridges. New York:
                  Wilfred Funk, 1954.

                   An Age of Barns. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1966.

            Taghon, Dave and Diane. Remembering Empire Through Pictures.
                  Empire, MI: Empire Township Heritage Group, 1978.

            Taghon, Dave. Personal Interviews. Recorded. on file at North-
                  west Michigan Maritime Museum, Empire, MI. 1990, 1991,
                  1992, 1993.

            U.S. Department of Agriculture. Horse Barn-10 Stall. Cooperative
                 ,Farm Building Plan Exchange, Plan No. 6170. Miscellaneous
                  Publication No. 1328. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 1976.

            Weeks, George. Sleeping Bear Yesterday and Today. Franklin, MI:
                  Altwerger and Mandel Publishing Co., 1990.

            Wilkins, Frankie. Video Tape of Interview. On file at Northwest
                  Michigan Maritime Museum, Empire, MI.






     NPS Form 10-900-a                             OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
     (8-86)

     United States Department of the Interior
  0   ational Park Service
     NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
     CONTINUATION SHEET

     Section number -10                                               Page #1

            Koren Livery
            Leelanau county, MI

            Verbal Boundary Description

            Section 24 Town 28 North Range 15W

            Property #45-041-824-055-00

            Part of Government Lot 4 beginning 110 feet North of the South-
            east corner of Lot 4. West 190 feet then South along the East
            line 133 feet. Then East 380 feet to the East line of Lot 4.
            Then South 88 feet to the point of beginning.


            Boundary Justification

            The nominated property is the entire parcel historically associ-
            ated with the Horen Livery as on the legal deed.






             viEw I Pan viov of Empire Lumber Co., cir. 1900.                                                                                                                                                                     PANORAMIC VIEWS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        OF EARLY EMPIRE


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     t-TIM"TT-1-17 - @-7-




                                                                                                                                                                                                                      jo

                                                                                                                                                   7






             VIEW 2 Pan  of Empire, cir. 1910. Photo taken from Wilce Hill.





                                                     NX. I If, I
                                                 7t_



                                    i'79

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   MMA






            VIEW 3 Pan of Empire Lumber Co., cir. 1910. View from Norway Town to the South with the massive company barn, boarding
            house, second ELC mill, depot, and potato warehouse.







      A!


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2@'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               '-7
                                                                     --7



                                                                                   -WOE
                                                                                -4Z







                                                                                                                                 'rz


                      Courtesy of Empire               Heritage Museum

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          22






                                                                                              97
         Z-4-4.At A.1_41LI-4, f -'I-


                           _j
                                            EARLY EMPIRE
                                  Z.         DUSNES S E G







                                                                   1Y. 35'.3& 39

                                            a  ilq  2/1     :3.2       .33
                                                                                     14-
                                                                                q1 .1   q14
                                                                                 A


                                                   20


           1  Hill  Boiler Room
           2, Saw mill, gang saw
           3. Round house, lumber piles                                 ..... ... ..
           4. Aylsworth's mill
           5. De-oot
           6. Planin;z mill
           7. Light plant                           23.  Bowen's Barber Shop and
           S. McCormick's   Boarding house               Jake Anderson - Shoe reDair
           9. Company's horse-barn                  29.  Deering & Payment -Meals
           10. Norway Town                          30.  Empire Bank
           11. Wilce house                          31.  ',,Irs, Roach - Dry Goods
           12. Maggie Aylsworth, rooming house      32.  Anton Johnson - Barber
           13. Collins & Pry - Hardware             33.  Hose House
           14. Donovan's Saloon                     34.  Dr, L.H.Shank
           15. Mike Horn - Livery Narn              35.  Johnson's Ice   Cream
           16. First saloon                         36.  Rohr Building   - Post Office
           17. Schwass - Photo Sho-o                37.  H.Verno - Blacksmith Shop
           18. Baucus & Gidley- Drug Store          38.  Empire Town Hall
           19. Em-oire Lumber Co. Store             39.  1-Turko & 1-Frazier - Grocery
           20. Ball & Rich - 'Aleat Market          40.  Sam & John Joseph - Gen. Store
           21. Verno & 11-4iddaugh - Garage         41.  Jail
           22. J-Pry - General Store                42.  M.E.Church
           23. LaRue Hotel                          43.  Elpmentry School
           24. Hotel Western                        44.  High School
           25. Moran's Rooming House                A5.  Dayton Selby - Printin      Office
           26. Roen's Saloon                        46.  John LaCore - Dentist
           27  Telephone Office                     47.  Catholic Church
                                             i7





                     GEO. MOIR                        SON










                                                           t:scl



                        AUTO AND HORSE LIVERY
                                Opposite the City Market
                     Both Phones 168         Traverse City, Nfichig-an



                         An advertisement illustrating an
                         auto/horse livery in Traverse City,
                         Michigan.







                           OUX133US, HA-C@,X,      N
                                                XtI :E




                               4e
                                     t V@@ Ell



                          AND LIVERY        STABLE.


                   An advertisement illustrating a traditional
                   horse livery.
                           aft -
                                   `71
                                    , ;z
                           x














                                                                     :A,

                                                                  J4,




                    IV                                  V ON DAMENTS

                                                               Avg.$
                                                       )0*000,),
                                                          P7J 10
                                                             CITUTIN"GS111

           The era of the horse-drawn vehicle lasted
           for nearly three quarters of a centur
                                                y -
           (Photo History of Grand Rapids 1976).


                                             Lauferski,s Auto Livery in Grand
                                             Rapids, Michigan.
                                             (Photo History of Grand Rapids 1976).









                                              .7









         The end of one era and the beginnin4 of another are visible in
         the 1910's picture of the Security Storage and Transfer Company
         at 47 Market Avenue Grand Rapids, Michigan. The teamster on the
         right seems to be making a symbolic yet real departure behind his
         two white horses, while the trucker on the left appears ready and
         willing to take over. This photograph copied from A Photo History
         of Grand Rapids 1976.






                                                         LI-I 7V;@TIEJ                                          ST-@,rkjLBI,'@, E,

                                                                     t   I  --iE     ilt Al thres,                an(I prompt

                                                                :-'t@ntioil to fo,-tl te!, r)


                                                                                               Ci
                                                                                                           PJ 0 N




                                                         EtT, p ire,




                                                             Mike n"'Orell


                                                                 IT,--m-ses, in'@kw,,,, wo
                                                                 httiffle, ,inythin-- in
                                                                  i hu Livery Line.


                                                                   P





                                                           Three Horen Livery Advertisements
                                                           from the local Empire newspaper
                                                           (The Empire Leader).





                                                                                                          N
                                                                            Undertaker

                                                                             arid Uceiised F-mrahyier

                                                               Leave phone calls at TVI'like's                              barn
                                                                      at any time of the dqy,;3if@ night.

                                                                                                                    @7 Z





















                              Through a random search, this livery barn is
                              the only existing building located that shows
                              similar characteristics to the Horen livery.
                              (NWMMM photo 1992 Cornucopia, Wisconsin) .



                                                         @" mz@


                                                                             U





                                                                      -or:-
                                                            4A
                                                                              - 17























                               k




                                                             olv












                Historic photo of livery under construction with present day view
                illustrated below.


































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A.1

                                                                                  ---------------
                                                                                                                                                                                                          AA




                                                                                                                                                                   %'ter i-Or                     elevaLtioT,








                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4.4






                                                                                                                  ....................



                                                                                                                                                                       west           I   exterior                           elevation.














                                                                                                        Ito,















                                                         OEM,















                                                                o4e




                                                    North     exterior elevation.










                                                                                                             J
















                                                 "r- 9;; WAW
                                     'T-F































                                                       South Exterior elevation.
































                             4


                                                        NN












                                 Second floor east facing west.








                        oo,/'x









                                Second floor west end facing east.










                                          @7
                                   '00ft-IN




















                            Main floor stable looking west.






























                             Main floor wagon room looking west









                                                                                                                            NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



                                                                                                                            3 6668 14111620 4
                                                                                                                                                                     0














                                                                                                                                                                    40














                                                                                                                                                                    0