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Jat 196, vsj PION BUREAU OF PLANNING GOVERNMENT OF GUAM AGANA,GUAM TON FUTURE POWER TIPODUCT.1- M,TEM4'A'rLl1.,',,: PLANS GUAM, U S A Prepared for the Government of Guaia by L T E R F P111INCIVIERT ASSOCiATES, cula, col-Isuttallis P. Fl. OX 2 6E-, A G A N A, G U A PA 9 6 9 10 lilt 2 June 2, 1977 MR. David Bonvouloir CZM Coordinator Bureau of Planning Government of Guam Agana, Guam 96910 Dear Mr. Bonvouloir: The following is in reference to your letter of 3 May 1977, resulting in the following additions to our report submitted on 21 April 1977: Comments and Discussion, pages 1 through 7 section I-1 Section I-1-1 Section IV-1 Section V-1 Section V-1-1 Section VII-1 Copies of the new revised report are enclosed in duplicate. These copies now supersede report previously submitted by letter of 21 April 1977. After perusal of the, above material, please feel free to contact the undersigned if you should find need for further amplification or additions. We remain at your service and shall be glad to cooperate in support of your requirents. Sincerely yours, WALTER F. PINCKERT Engineering Consultant WFP/afm encls:(2) F 0 R E W 0 R D The contents of this report are primarily centered around existing and future progressive expansion of facilities that will be needed to produce energy for the people of Guam and the military establishments. Included are progressions developed to..show (1) optimized capability of new plant as needed to supply future power demand (2) annual projected increase in estimated KITH generation (3) corresponding fuel oil needs (4) pass thru of fuel oil cost to consumers and (5) fuel oil refinery capability on Guam and other facets re- lated to power production and future projection. C01TIMENTS jUND DISCUSSION The following amplification notes reler to letter of 3 May 1977 'L@ from the Coordinator, Coastal Zone Management Section, Bureau of Planning, Government of Guam. Land holdings, leases, rights-of-way The planned expansion of main and primary power transmission lines is shown on GPA Drawing No. 3-74-023. Thedates given are subject to change depending on the magnitude and direction taken by load growth. It is suggested that it would be good policy for the govern- ment to take options or lease rights-of-way at the earliest practicable date'for all lines planned to be in operation 5 years hence. There is no alternative to early acquisition of rights-of-way, it will pay dividends in avoidin g delays and cost of lease holds. Aerial surveys will prove invaluable in site feasibility studies and plotting of alternate routes. Regulations and Permits 1) Corps of Engineers Permits Except for a permit stipulation on building a small boat launching ramp and trailer car parking area, GPA has no outstanding U. S. Army Corps of Engineers permit obligations respecting the siting of the Cabras Steam Power Plant. In the case of the Tanguisson Power Plant site, the U. S.* Army Corps of Engineers permit was a matter resolved between the Corps and the Navy, since construction of this faci-lity was initiated and completed by the NaVy. 2) The Clean Air Act GPA's Federal EPA compliance schedule for sulfur dioxide was amended by Court decision dated 23 August 1976, this decision extended GPA's compliance date calling for either stack gas scrubbers in operation by 31 July 1981 or low sulfur fuel oil by Agusut 1979. This is in reference to the Cabras Steam Power Plant, which comes under Federal New Sources Performance Standards. 3) Water Pollution Control Act GPA applied for and was qualified under the "less stringent" re- gulations of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Under "less stringent" GPA must submit plans for review by EPA, 9th Region showing measures proposed for no increase in temperature of the waters discharged from the Cabras or Tanguiss6n Power Plants above the normal temperature of the receiving wate rs. It is a further requirement, unless the law is amended, that zero temperature difference be accomplished by 1981. Load Shedding (reference Section V-1) Since GPA has no consumers taking large blocks of power that could be committed to an interruptable load schedule, resort must be had to power outage rotation by areas within districts served from the principal load distribution centers. Currently reserve for maintenance and forced 2 outages has, it is understood, been establishad as the sum, of the largest and next largest turbine-gene-rator in the systeLn, i.e. one 66 MW Cabras unit plus the power barge Inductance; 66 + 28 MW respectively or a total of 94 M14. Major power outages (reference Section V-1) Major power outages are usually caused by line faults of sufficient magnitude to trip out main generators and problems related to getting main generators restored to the line. For the past several- years line faults per se have caused outages of relatively short durations, minutes to a matter of about 4 hours., Rate structure anf fuel oil price pass-through (ref. Page 15, Sec. III) Rate structure and application of fuel oil price pass-through is des- cribed under "Fuel oil pass thru rate per M411" on page 15 of this report. Electric power needs beyond the year 2000 (ref. Page 11,Section II) Beyond the year 2000, in 2005 plans must be ready for the installation of the first unit in the 150 MW size, assuming a continuing load increase of 5% annually. Since the Tanguisson and Cabras units will have reached retirement age a second 150 '11414 unit must follow shortly after the first 150 M1-7 unit is installed. This will carry power needs beyond the year 2010. 3 Life expectancy of present fuel Oil Pipe lines (ref. Section IV-1) This item is covered in Section IV-1 of this report. Note that all pipe lines installed undarground are cathodically prof_-ected and should therefore last for 40 years, the expected life span or longer. Market log istics for GORCO products (ref. Section V-1-1) Logistics, land use and other developments are discussed under Section V-1-1 of this report. Solar Sea Power (ref. Section VII) As mentioned in Section VII of this report the old Navy quarry site on Cabras Island could probably serve as a land based solar sea power plant site. In the case of Cocos Island or Facpi Point, site develop- ment would involve reclamation of reef area by dredge operation. Feasibility studies should be made to pinpoint the most favorable site with respect to environmental impact and economic factors. Transmission Line Size The existing 115 KV transmission line and planned expansion will be ample in voltage for Guam's power needs to the year 2000. Right-of- way width depends on conductor configuration, w1hich will probably con- tinue as at the present time with two-circuit vertical configuration. In this case the line right-of-way will be approximately 100 feet in width and greater depending on length of span and height of tower. Transmission line towers, con,@uctors and insulaLors are generally given a service liA-.--e of 60 years, although the actual expecLed service life could exceed this figure by many years. GPA will need to take action at an early date to acquire -for extension of the existing power transmission system. The same right-of-way can be used jointly for overhead power trans- mission and underground fuel oil pipe lines. This would also apply to underground fuel oil pipe lines and underground power lines assuming that there is adequate separation between fuel lines and power cables. Isolation is usually achieved by installing under- ground power cables on one side of a highway; fuel lines on t he opposite side. Other items in reference to transmission line ri-hts-of-way are covered under the previous paragraph titled "Land holdings, 'leases, rights-of -way". Visual impact of future transmission lines (ref. Section I-1-1) Discrete routing of power transmission lines can often avoid objectionable skyline and other exposed effects. Life cycles of the new plastic forms of underground cable insulation have not been his- torically determined except through life acceleration tests, thus a limit of 20 years is currently assumed, although this may not be realistic; cnly time will tell. Also, note Section I-1-1 on the esthetics of overhead power transmission lines, and comparative costs of underground lines. 5 Ilziprovements in environiental and esthetic impacts (reference Section I-1-1 ,I J It is believed that discrete routing of high-tension transmission lines including, where appropriate, use of line supporting structures of stream lined, unencumbered design will res-ult in public acceptance without severe criticism or obvious ruthless scarring of the environment. Real Property Resources (ref. Page 11,Section II) With reference to real property resources, CPA is fortunate in that the Cabras Plant, within its present boundaries, can be expanded by the addition of 2 additional steam turbine-generators. After the G, Cabras area is fully occupied GPA can move into the Piti Power PI-1-at area, owned by Navy, for installation of additional generating plant capable of supplying power to the year 2000. Reference thereto is contained in Section II, page llof this report. It is, also, to be noted that GPA owns real property for fuel oil bulk storage tanKs to take care of needs to the year 2000. Major changes in fuel oil pipe line systems (ref. Page 18, Section IV) No major changes or additions will be required in fuel oil delivery or transfer pipe line systems to take care of power plant fueling needs to the year 2000. GORCO's real property assets vs production (ref. Section V-1-1) In reference to GORCO refinery's real property assets in relation tD production capability reference is made to Section V-1-1 of this report. 6 Routes proposed for future extension of power transmission lines Extensions of transmission lines are marked on CPA drawjin'- No. B-74-0231 included are dates when the indicated extersions will probably take place. Load growth projection weights (rel". Page 21, Section V) The weights given to load growth projection may be off the mark in the assignment of unit values in some instances, however, it is felt that in the plus or minus aggregate the sum may balance. Obviously 2"10 growth is too high a mark if nothing is going to be done to encourage tourism, it will continue to slide downhill with a negative mark for load a-rowth. Tourism as an industry is very com- petitive, but in spite of this if made attractive it is self- perpetuating. At the present, the reverse is true on Gua-an., e.g. a safe well lighted broad-walk along Tumon bay beach is long overdue, neither is beach frontage being improved, bicycle trails or non- existent, etc. Touri'sts continue to be victimized by thieves and thugs in or out of tourist hotels. Work done for tourists in improving beach fronts, etc. would also benefit local residents. If overdue improvements are not gotten underway soon, more hotels may close down. Life expectancy of power generating units (ref. Section I-1) Values of life expectancy are given tmder Section I-1 of this report. 7 I N D E X Section I. Maps and drawings of power related facilities. 1 - 3 I-1. Generating station capability, date on stream, expected life and real property interest. 4 - 6 I-1-1. Esthetics of overhead power lines. 7 II. Power demand projection to meet needs of the military and local economy, Guam, USA. 8-11 III. Projected over generation and fuel oil consumption, island-wide power system. 12 - 17 IV. Fuel oil bulk storage tanks. 18- 19 IV-1. Life expectancy of fuel oil storage tanks and pipe lines. 20 V. Load growth projection. 21 - 23 V-1. Load shedding schedule. 24 V-1-1. Industrial expansion and development. 25 - 26 VI. Guam Oil and Refining Company. 27 VII. Solar Sea Power. 28 VII-1. Tide current generators. 29 000 I. Maps and drawings of power relaLed facilities, enclosures to letters as follc;,@7s: Letter dated 8 December 1976 a. NAVFAC Drawing No. 7.900.500. This d=,ring gives the location of the Navy owned and operated Piti power plant and adjacent fuel oil storage tanks. The building housin.- the steam turbine-generators is numbered "4910". It con- tains 3 x 11,500 W De Laval turbine-generators and 2 x 22,000 Kq Allis-Chalmers turbine-generators. All units are in serviceable condition except one of the De Laval 11,500 KW units, which is beyond economical repair. b. Drawing No. 70-38-3 is the boundary survey of the Cabras steam power plant before site development was zmdertaken. Drawing No. 1001-5 is the plot plan of the Cabras steam power plant. The above mentioned facility consists of 2 x 66,000 KW, 1800 psig, 1000/1000 deg F reheat steam tur-Dine-generators. The site development included acconmodations for installation of 2 future turbine-generators of equal or approximately 50% greater capacity. The Cabras steam power plant is wholly owned and operated by the Guam Power Authority. c. Drawing No. 73-88-01. is the boundary survey of Guam Power Authority's bulk fuel oil storage tanks. Drawing No. CPA 99-74 is the plot plap. of GPA's bullk fuel oil storage tanks. This facility consists oll: 2 x 268,600 bbI fuel oil storage tanks, each 200 ft. :L, diameter by 48 ft. in height. The land area is ample in size for the installation of two additional future storao@e tanks of the same capacity. d. Drawing No. 05-008 is the plot plan of the mooring facility for the power barge "Inductance". The power barge is owned by the U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, made available by lease agreement to the Guam Power Authority under adiminis- trative control of the Navy/GPA power pool agreement. The barge houses 2 - each 15,000 KW equivalent steam boilers and 1 x 30,000 M4 turbine-generator. e. Drawing No. 1102205 is the plot plan of the Tanguisson power plant. This installation coasists of 2 x 26,500 KW steam turbine-generators. Unit No. 1 is owned by the Navy, unit No. 2 is owned by the Guam Power Authority. This facility is operated by CPA undez the joint GPA/Navy power pool agreement. Letter dated 2 March 1976 a. Navy map showing route of the 8-inch fuel oil pipe line from .the Navyls Sasa Valley pumping station to the Tanguisson Power Plant. Encl. No 1 2 b. Navy map showing fuel oil pipe lines from fuel off loading piers to fuel oil transfer pump station and storage tanks. Encl No 2 c. Navy plan and profile drawings, fuel pipe lines from piers to pump house. Three sets, drawings No 474046, 474047, and 474048. Encl No 3 d. Map showing proposed line of easement for GPA's proposed 20-inch fuel oil pipe line from Navy Fuel wharfs "D" and "E", Apra Harbor. Encl No 4 e. Plot plan of GPA's main power transmission lines. Letter dated 11 April 1977 Drawing No. B-74-023, GPA Distribution, Island-wide Power System. 3 I-1 Generating station capability, date on stream, expected life and real property interest Island-wide power generating stations are enumerated as follows with respect to (1) nominal capability (2) approximate date on stream (3)* remaining, expected life and (4) real property vested interest: Cabras Steam Power Plant (1) 2 x 66 MW units = 132 MW (2) Unit No. 1 on stream August 1974; No. 2 on stream June 1975. (3) 30 years from on stream date Unit No. 1 will come to the end of its allotted service life, i.e. in the year 2004; No. 2, 2005. (4) Cabras plant site is on land that was originally submerged; reclaimed by land fill. Title thereto granted to Guam Power Authority by an act of the Congress, USA. Piti Steam Power Plant (1) 2 x 22 MW units and 2 x 11.5 MW units = 67 MW (2) 2 x 11.5 MW units went on stream in 1951; 1 x 11.5 WM unit in 1955. 2 x 22 MW units in 1964. 1 x 11.5 MW unit, because of accidental damage, is out of service. Cost of repair may preclude restoration to serviceable condition. (3) End of allotted service lif e of the 2 x 11.5 MW units (30 years) in 1981; the 2 x 22 units in 1994. (4) Piti Plant site is on land owned by Navy. 4 Tanc,uisson Steam Power Plant (1) 2 x 26.5 @IIW units = 53 YN4 (2) Unit No. 1, on stream October 1971; Unit No. 2, December 1972.- (3) 30 years from on stream. date Unit No. 1 will. 'come to the end of its allotted service life, i.e. September 2001; Unit No. 2, September 2002. (4) The Tanguisson Power Plant site is on land acquired thru pur- chase from owners by Guam Power Auth ority. Tamuning Diesel Power Plant (1) 4 x 2 IM units = 8 YIW (2) These units went on stream in April 1970. Currently because of the high cost of diesel fuel oil and maintenance they are used only as a source of emergency power. (3) 20 years* from on stream date these units will have reached the end of their service life, i.e. 1990. (4) The Tamuning Diesel Power Plant is on land acquired thru pur- chase from owners by Guam Power Authority. Dededo Diesel Power Plant (1) 4 x 2.0 IV diesel units = 8 MtT (2) These units went on stream in October 1972. Currently because of the high cost of diesel fuel oil and iraintenarce they are used only as a source of emergency power. (3) 20 years from on stream date these units ,.,ill have reached the end of their service life,, i.e. 1992. 5 (4) The Dededo Diesel Plant is on land acquired t-1iru -purchase by Gu@m Power Authority. Power Barge Inductance (1) 1 x 28 M4 steam fl oating power plant. This plant is leased to Guam Power Authority by the Navy. (2) It has been on stream at various locations since 1943. (3) This facility reached the end of its allotted service life in 1973. Because of low Mv'H output in relation to fuel oil input it is used primarily for standby and emergencies. (4) The barge is moored adjacent to Navy owned land. However, the mooring wharf was built and is owned by the Guam Power Authority. *Expected life of 30 years for steam power plants and 20 years for diesel power plants conforms with regulations of State and the Federal Power Commission. 6 Esthetics of overhead power lines. With the advent of polyvinyl chloride and ottLer plastic insulations considerable impetus was given to the installation of underground po-w-er transmission and distri- bution lines. The choice is primarily a uatter of cost vs esthetics, opinion polls are oven-,,helming in condemning overhead line construction as esthetically objectionable, not in structural concept but as environmentally inharmon-ious. Considerable success has been achieved through unfettered, balanced design of structures and transmission towers, includ- ing the routing of power lines to produce a lov, environmental profile, thereby avoiding an offensive skyline silhouette. The cost of these measures is, of course, greater than conventional design, nevertheless, it has become the accepted practice of the industry to be mindful of esthetic values, often with startling results in betterments at little additional cost. In heavily populated urban areas todays power distribution lines have no other place to go except underground. In suburban housing areas and shopping centers it is becoming almost universal practice, primarily for esthetic reasons, to install Dower lines underground. The added cost of going under- ground, which averages approximately 2 to 3 times the cost of overhead lines, is passed on as part of the site developmaat cost of the project. 7 II. Power demand projection to meet needs of thee military and local economy, Guam, USA. Capability, Guam Power Authority and military owned power plants: Cabras SPP*, 2 x 66 MW** units, owned by GPA 132 MW Piti SPP, 2 x 22 MW and 2 x 11. 5 MW units, owned by Navy 67" Tanguisson SPP, 2 x 26.5 MW units, Unit No. 1 owned by Navy; unit No. 2, GPA 53.0" Tamuning, 4 x 2.0 MW diesel units, owned by GPA 8" Dededo, 4 x 2.0 MW diesel units, owned by CPA 8" Inductance Power Barge, 1 x 28.0 MW Steam unit leased to GPA by Navy 28" System Total, 296.0 MW" Maintenance outage, largest unit in system 66.0" Total remaining 230.0" Forced outage insurance, next largest unit in system 28.0" Remaining to meet demand 202.0 MW Current demand 150.0 " Remainder to meet projected load growth 52.0 MW *SPP: Steam Power Plant **MW = 106 watts 8 Therefore: 150 (l+y)n - 150 = 52. (1+y)n = 1.347, where y = rate of load growth; n = time period of growth, 150 = current power demand. For y = 6%, n 5 years, (1+y)n = 1.338 Thus with a 6% annual load growth new Plant should go on stream within 5 years. For y = 5%, n 6 years, (1+y)n = 1.340 Thus with a 5% annual load growth new plant should go on stream within 6 years. For y = 4.5%, n 7 years, (1+Y)n = 1.361 Thus with a 4.5% annual load growth new plant should go on stream within 7 years. For y = 4%, n 7.5 years, (1+y)n = 1.342 Thus with a 4% annual load growth new plant should go on stream within 7.5 years. For y = 3 1/2%, n 8 1/2 years, (1+y)n = 1.334 Thus with a 3 1/2% annual load growth new plant should go on stream within 8 1/2 years. For y = 3%, n 10 years, (1+y)n = 1.344 Thus with a 3% annual load growth new plant should go on stream within 10 years. On or about the time new plant goes on the line, the Inductance will probably be beyond economic serviceability, and should therefore be retired for salvage. This would also apply to Piti units No 2 and 3; a total of 51 MW to be retired from the system. Furthermore, when the new plant is added the ratio of reserve genera- tion should remain approximately equivalent as insurance against load shedding during emergencies. Thus, it is reasonable that with new plant added, outage reserve generation consist of the largest unit plus two of the next smaller units, i.e. 66 + 2(26.5) = 119 MW. 9 New Plant capability. 150 (1y)n + retired plant + reserve generation - existing plant = new plant capability, where y = % annual load growth; n = time period of load growth, years. Expressed in numbers, new plant capability 150 (1+y)n + 51 + 119 - 296 = 150 (1+y)n - 126 For y = 6%, n 5 + 5*, 150 x 1.0610 - 126 = 143 Mw For y = 5%, n 6 + 5*, 150 x 1.0511 - 126 = 131 MW For y = 4.5%, n 7 + 5*, 150 x 1.04512 - 126 = 128 MW For y = 4%, n 7.5 + 5*, 150 x 1.0412.5 - 126 = 119 MW For y = 31/2%, n 81/2 + 5*, 150 x 1.03513.5 - 126 = 113 MW For y = 3%, n 10 + 5*, 150 x 1.0315 - 126 = 108 MV *Years beyond on stream date of new plant until another unit must be added. Optimizing for best results in minimizing cash flow and dollars per KW in plant investment: a. Anticipated load growth say 5%. Do not wait out the 6-year time limit for new plant, start with the purpose in mind of new plant on stream in 4-years and include only 4-years until a second unit will be scheduled to go on stream, thus: 150 x 1.058 - 126 = 96 MW. Add 1 x 87 MW unit with 10% 4-hour minimum overload capability, total 95.7 MW. b. Anticipated load growth say 4%. Reduce 7.5-year time limit to 5-years plus 5-years for second addition thus: 150 x 1.0410 -- 126 = 96 MW. As in a. above add 1 x 87 MW unit with 10% 4-hour minimum overload capability, total 95.7 MW. -10- Continuing on the theory that power demand will increase by 5% annually; Cabras No. 4 must be on stream in 1985. Computed as indicated under "new plant capability" above: 150 (1.05)13 + 51 + 149* - 392 = 91 MW *Reserve power computed as the new unit plus 2-units at Tanguission. Because of the small difference, install a second 96-MW unit to match No. 3 at the Cabras plant. With the additions as indicated Cabras will now consist of 2 x 66 MW units plus 2 x 96 MW units; a total installed capability of 324 MW. This will take care of projected power demand at 5% per annum to 1990. Projections at the same rate of power demand beyond 1990 are computed .as follows: 150 (1.05)18 + 95* + 149 - 488 = 117 MW *Piti units No. 4 and 5 retired for salvage. Install one new 120 MW unit on the old Piti site. This unit to be on stream early in FY-1990. It will take care of load projection to 1995. The capacity of the new unit to be installed in 1995 is computed as follows: 150 (1.05)23 + 95 + 173* - 608 = 121 MW *Reserve power equal to the new unit plus 2 units at Tanguission. Install one new 120 MW to match the first 120 unit. Both units to be installed on the old Piti site. This will take care of 'Load pro- jection at 5% to the year 2000. III. Projected Power Generation and Fuel Oil Consumption, Island-wide Power System a. The pattern of island-wide power generation became erratic after typhoon Pamela, affecting FY-76, 77 and 73, thereafter the rate of growth is expected to revert to a stabe con- dition. Thus at 5% annual increase in power generation, the A progression reprsenting growth is in the form y(1+x)n, where y = preceding FY generation, x = rate of annual increase, n = number of years projected. Fuel oil heating value assumed at 147,000 Btu/gal, the approximate current value. For FY-76, gross generation = 994 x 106 KWH. For FY-77, gross generation is estimated at 1,013.4 x 106 KWH. For FY-73, gross generation is estimated at 1,117.4 x 106 KWH. Following FY-78, power production, estimated at 5% per annum, results in the Following progressive, growth in generation 1,117.4 (1 + 0.05)1 = 1173.3 x 106 KWH. 5-years beyond FY-78 in FY-83, generation will have reached approximately: 1,117.4 (1 + 0.05)5 = 1426.1 x 106 KWH. b. Fuel oil coonsumption is projected as follows. First, however, recognition must be given to the variables involved in power generation. All plants are not equally efficient, there is also a difference in efficiency resulting from the load carried by each plant from minimum to full load. Thus the result will depend on the makeup of the mix and load carried by each plant. At the 12 lower end, of the spectrum is the power surge Impendance and the older units in the piti plant which will produce from 10 to 11 KWH per gallon of fuel oil. At the upper end is the new Cabras stea, power plant which will produce from 15 to 16 KWHs per gallon of fuel oil. Assuming normal plant maintenance routine without forced outages fuel oil consumption, based on 5% per annum increase in power generation beyond 1973, is expected to range as follows, (Gross KWH generation) divided by (KWH/Gallon of fuel oil attainable under most favor- able conditions times the proportionalty factor of the plant mix as related to the combined operational efficiencies times 42, the number of gallons in a bbl of fuel oil) = bbls of fuel oil consumed. 1) For FY-76, as indicated in a. above, gross generation = 994 x 106 KWH. Fuel consumed = 1802,000 bbls No. 6 resid; 5,050 bbls diesel grade No. 2. 2) For FY-77, as indicated in a. above, projected gross genera- tion = 1,018 x 106 KWH. Fuel consumed = 1,826,311 bbls No. 6 resid; 5,200 bbls diesel grade No. 2. 3) For FY-78, as indicated in a. above, projected gross genoration = 1,117.4 x 106 KWH. Fuel consumed 1,886,842 bbls No. 6 resid; 5,200 bbls diesel grade No. 2. 4) For FY-79: (1,173.2x106) / (15x0.94x42) = 1,981,087 bbls of No. 6 resid; diesel fuel oil estimated at 5,200 bbls. 13 5) For FY-80: (1,231.8x106) / (15x0.93x42) = 2,102,407 bbls of No. 6 resid; diesel fuel oil estimated at 5,200 bbls. 6) For FY-8l: (1,293.4 x 106) / (15x0.92x42) = 2,231,539 bbls of No. 6 resid; diesel fuel oil estimated at 5,200 bb1s. 7) For FY-82: (1,358.1x106) x (15x0.92x42) = 2,343,168 bbls of No. 6 resid; diesel fuel oil estimated at 5,200 bbls. 8) For FY-83: (1,426.OxlO6) / (15x0.91x42) = 2,487,354 bbls of No. 6 resid; diesel fuel oil estimated at 5,200 bbls. 9) For FY-84: (1,497.4x106) / (15x0.91x42) = 2,611,396 bbls of No. 6 resid; diesel fuel oil estimated at 5,200 bbls. 10) For FY-85: (1,572.3x106) / (15xO.90x42) = 2,773,016 bbls of No. 6 resid; diesel fuel oil estimated at 5,200 bbls. In the above chronology, Cabras reaches maximum utilization in FY-78. Thereafter, use of less efficient plant must be increased, resulting in a decline of the mix from 0.94 in FY-79 to 0.90 in FY-85. The effect of operation of old inefficient plant is illustrated as follows: In FY-80 plant mix economy decline from 0.94 to 0.93, resulting in an increase in fuel oil consumption of 2,102,407 (1 - 0.93) 0.94 22,366 bb1s of fuel oil because of decline in plant mix operation of 1-point from 0.94 in FY-1979 to 0.93 in FY-1980. For FY-85 the excess fuel used comes to 2,773,016 (1 - 0.90)= 0.94 118,000 bbls of fuel oil because of projected decline in plant mix 14 operation of 4-points from 0.94 in FY-1979 to 0.90 in FY-1985. The foregoing equates to 22,366 (1.39464)n in excess fuel, where n = years beyond FY-80, thus: FY-80 22,366 bbls FY-81: 22,366 (1.39464) 31,193" FY-82: 22,366 (1.39464)2 43,502" FY-83: 22,366 (1.39464)3 60,670" FY-84: 22,366 (1.39464)4 84,613" FY-85: 22,366 (1.39464)5 118,000" Total FY-80 thru FY-85 360,344 bbls Fuel oil pass thru rate per KWH GPA rates for energy for any monthly billing period shall be in- creased or decreased by $0.016 per KWH for each increase of $0.010 per million BTU in the cost of fuel for electric power generation. above $0.44 per million BTU. Thus: BTU/bbl x $0.044 x 10- 6= cost per bbl as base without escalation. Increase beyond $0.44 per million BTU Cost/bbl - $0.44) x $0.016 = fuel oil pass thru to consumer Btu/bbl per KWH consumed. Example, assume fuel oil cost at $10.00 per bbl; heat value 147,000 Btu/gal or 6,174,000 Btu,/42 gal bbl: $10.00 =1.61969/m Btu 6,174,000 15 $1.61969 - $0.44 = $1.17969 $1.17969 x $0.016 = $0.018875 , the fuel oil pass thru per XWH consumed. Economics of Power Generatio vs Fuel Oil Cost Pass Thru a . At 14 KWH/gal of fuel containing 147,000 BTU in heat units plant operating efficiency= 14 x 3413 32.50% , where 3413 = BTUN/KWH. 147,000 14 x A 2 588 KWH/bbl 147,000 x 42 = 6,174,000 BTU/bbl 6 6,l74,000 x $0.44 x 10-6 = $2.71656/bb1, the base price, no escalation. $10.00 - $2.71656 0.0123868 /KWH 588 Pass thru $0.018875/KWH $0.018875 - $0.0123868 $0.006568 per for station, line losses and uncollectable accounts, representing 35% of the pass thru rate. b. At 13 KWH/gal of fuel containing 147,000 BTU in heat units, plant operating efficiency 13 x 3413 30.18% 13 x 42 = 546 KWH/bbl 147,000 $10.00 - $2.71656 546 $ 0.01334/KWH $0.01887-$0.01334 = KWH for station, lne losses and uncollectable accounts, representing 29% of the pass thru rate. 16 c At 12 KWH/gal of fuel containing 147,000 BTU in heat units, plant, operating efficiency= 12 x 3413= 27.86% 147,000 12 x 42 = 50% KWH/bb1 $10.00 - $2.71656 = $0.01445/KWH 504 $0.01887 - $0.01445 = $0.00442 per KWH for station, linc losses and uncollectable accounts, representing 23% of the pass thru rate. -17- Fuel Oil BuD, Storage Tanks The existing fuel oil storage tanks serve as bulk storage to fuel the island-@Tide steam power plants, including both Navy and Guam Power Authority's installations. Tanks are located in the near vicinity of the Nawy owned Piti power plant. The storaae tanks including the fuel oil transfer pumping station are orqnjed by Guam Power Authority. The pumping station transfers fuel from the main storage tanks to the island-wide steam power plants, including the pumping of fuel through the overland pipe line to the Tanguission power plant. Each of the two storage tanks has a capacity of 268,600 bbls. They are standard API cone roof type tanks, each installed within a separately d:L-,eJ contain- ment area. The storage capacity of the two tanks mentioned above will be adequate for fuel storage needs up to the time unit IN-11o. 4 is programmed for installation at the Cabras site, when consider- ation must be given to the installation of storage tanks No. 3 and 4 of the same capacity as existing tanks No. I and 2. There is ample land area within the existing site for the installation of future tanks No. 3 and 4. However, on or before the approach of the year 2000 additional land should be acquired for future fuel oil storage requirements. The existing tanks as well as future additions can be fueled from (1) Guam Oil and Refinery Company's Agat refinery (2) direct from the Guam Oil and Refining Com- pany's Apra Harbor fuel wharf or (3) from Navy's Apra, Harbor fuel wharfs "D" and "E". However, in the latter instance a fuel pipe line must be installed from the interconnection of wharfs "D" and "E" to the bulk storage tanks. -19- IV-1. Life expectancy of fuel oil storage tanks and pipe lines. Storage tanks as well as pipe lines are usually accorded a life expectancy of 40 years. This, assumas that the storage tanks will be protected with anti-corrosion paint and under- ground pipe lines taped to resist corrosion and catliodi2cally protected. All fuel oil pipe lines serving the Island power plants were installed within the past 3 years, except the 8-inch overland (17.5 mile) Tanguisson pipe line installed irn 1969. 20 V. Load Growth Projection a. Civil Economony The following items are believed to be of significance in projecting the load growth pattern. Percentages assigned will vary with time, but the sum total may not be too far from realization. Population growth, including housing, public schools, utilities, etc. 1% Improved standards of living -2% Tourist industry 2% Coirimercial enterprises 1-1% Light industry Agriculture Total 5% In the'light of current efforts to achieve economy in the use of electricity, the above estimate may be a bit optimis- tic initially, since demand will, for a while, be offset by frugality in use of electricity. b. Military Installations The present military construction program calls primarily for rehabilitation of existing installations as the after- math of typhoon Pamela. However, included in the program 21 are the following iter-as: 1.) Under construction by Navy: Post Office Bowling alleys (2) Armory Medical/dental facility Gymnasium Cold storage warehouse 2) Under design by Navy: Secondary sewage plant Night recreational facilities Under construction by Air Force (AAFB) Commissary refrigerated warehouse Conunissary expansion 500 housing units It is estimated that thca, above construction programs will result in an increase in power demand of approximately 520'. However, this may be offset somewhat initially as the result of the eco- nomy program in the use of electricity. Since civili_--i and military power demands are computed as con- current, the resultant overall system projected power demand is 5%. Presently the military contributes approximately 45% to the total power demand; civilian 55%. 22 - The subject matter under this section has been developed from sources considered reliable. Ho@-,-,ever, because of the unDredictable nature of the variables, confirmation should be obtained from. the affected agency with respect to apy specific developments. 23 V-1. Load shedding schedules. Load shedding when necessary, because of forced cutages, is accomplished by means of out-age rotation within rou-hly three of Guam's central m-etropolitan areas in equal on/off hourly periods. There are no power interruptable facilities on Guam for either short or long outage periods, either military, industrial, commercial or public utility. Although the military has some emergency generation, these are for emergencies only to protect essential services. Companies in the US get a break thru interconnection to protect each other aj@d to reduce the cost of power plant needed only during maintenance and forced outages. This is, of course, not possible on Guam. It should be noted that scheduled maintenance outages are not of short duration, e.g. each of the boilers in the steam power plants must be shut down annually for not less than 3 weeks to accomplish essential maintenance. Major power outages in FY-74 thru FY-76 were caused by (1) Typhoon Pamela which caused widespread damage to primary and secondary power transmission and distribution facilities (2) two direct strikes by lightning which damaged substation apparatus and (3) outages on two occasions, wiLth damage to substations, caused by snakes crawling up iiito and short circuiting overhead bus installations. Remedial measures have been taken to prevent re- occurrence of short cirQuits by snakes in station overhead bus work. 24 Industrial Expans-ion and D@_-velopment. The GORCO refinery probably expand only moderately in future years unless a foreign market can be -found for gasoline, a product currently not being produced by the Guam refinery. Gasoline is marketed on Guam by Exaxon and Mobil; demand is not sufficient to warrant local production. Assuming Saipan and other Mariana Islands were included, this still would riot suffice in quantity for economical pro- duction by the Guam refinery. If foreign marketing for long term sales could be developed, the Guam 04-1 & Re fining Company has ample real estate for expansion of refining faci- lities to 200,000 bbls of products per day. Air Travel Potential Guam is acknowledged to be strategically located with respect CD to air travel in the South Pacific. Thus Guam is in a fortunate position to benefit through service oriented 'Logistics for air travel. The research needed for projection of future facilities to support traffic growth, including possible need for reloca- tion of the airport to permit expansion ina less congested area is beyond the scope of this report. Maricultuxe as an Industry Through support and coordination of the 'University of Guam Marine Laboratory, maricultural pursuits, where most favorable within 25 the area of the Maria-ta Islands, coul.J. possibly be profitably daveloped as a viable -food product industry. It is SUggested that this could apply to cultivation of salt water plants as well as the growi-ng of salt water fish and shellfish. Horticulture products to support industry Probably one of the many tropical products enj'o3,3*-ng.a profitable worldwide market is palm oil extracted from a species of-palm.tree bearing huge clusters of small nuts from which edible oil is extracted for use in homogenized filled milk, oleomargarine and a host of other food products. This species of palm is native to Africa, not the kind of coconut palm tree common to Guam and the Mariana Islands. There are of course many tropical plants gro@qia to supply ingredients for food products, pharmaceutical preparations and other needs of industry. Research might uncover some exceptional possibilities. 26 VI. Guam Oil and Refining Company Production Estimate**", Fiscal Fuel Oil Clean Year Thro@@hput Yield BBL/Day Products* 1977 30,000. 25% 7,500 22,5,00 1978 35,000 45% 15,750 19,250 1979 40,000 45% 18,000 22,000 1982'-* 50,000 45% 22,500 27,500 *Clean Product Approximation Fuel oil, light 43% JP-4 26% DFM 19% JP-5 10% Asphalt 1.9% LPG 0.1% 100.0% *'Since future market conditions are unpredictable, estimates beyond 1982 would have no meaningful connotation. ***Because of the unpredictable nature of the variables, coa- firmation should be obtained from Guam Oil and Refining Company respecting any specific development. 27- - VII. Solar Sea Power Guam is probably one of the world's most favorable sites for the development of solar sea power. The following papers are submitted herewith to illustrate feasibility of solar sea powar as an alternate source of energy: a. Letter prepared by the writer, dated 19 August 1974 with inclosure depicting temperature profiles, addressed to the Honorable Antonio B. Won Pat, Congress of the United States. Incl No. 1 b. Ocean Thermal Power Plant proposed for the Island of Nauru by Mitsui & Company, Tokyo, Japan. Incl No. 2 It is believed that the above papers are sufficient corroborating evidence of the viability of Solar Sea Power development as an al- ternate source of power for the Island of Guam, USA. The bathymetric chart, Geology and Hydrology of Guam, Mariana Islands, US Geology Survey 403B:31-B76, part of incl. No. 1, in- dicates very favorable submarine profiles for location of land based solar sea power generators in the vicinity of the Cabreas Steam Power Plant site, southwesterly off Cocos Island or just off Facpi point, south of Nimitz Beach. In the case of a site near the Cabras Power Plant the old Navy quarry site might conceivably be set aside pending decision of feasibility studies. -28- VII-1. Tide currep't generators. It is believed that studies of tidal flow in narrow chanuels between islands or submer-ed reefs may reveal areas @,@-iere tide flow generators would be feasible and practicable for the generation of power. Tide flow would, of course, be variable in direction and magnitude, nevertheless, it is believed that where currents are pronounced a considerable amount of power could be generated during each tidal cycle. Research and exploratory work might well be worth the effort. 29 The Honorable Antonio B. Won Pat 216 Caanon House Office Bldg. Congress of the United States House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20515 Dear Congressman Won Pat: The purpose of this letter is to enlist government interest in seriously considering the Island of Guam as potentially advantageous for development of solar sea power. Because of its pollution free and self-renewing characteristics solar sea power has taken on added importance as a source of energy totally independent of fossil or atomic fuel. Thus for the purpose of showing the potential possibilities of development of solar sea power on Guam, we are enclosing thermal profiles of sea water temperatures from surface to a depth of 3000 feet. Although the temperatures were measured at 2.5 and 3.5 miles from the shore, it is felt that it would be practicable to come close enough to land for construction of a shore based station without sacrificing too much in terms of reducing the temperature differential. For example, the charts show that at a depth of 1500 to 2000 ft temperature changes diminish rapidly with the result that within this range depth would probably bottom out at an optimized break even point. Thus at 82 F surface water and 45 F at a depth of 1500/2000 ft the differential would be 37 F. We believe that this compares favorably with conditions prevailing in other tropical zones. Another favorable factor is that the waters surrounding Guam remain markedly constant in the 82/85 F range throughout the year. The Japanese are presently contemplating the installation of two (2) 10 MW land based solar sea power generating units on the Island of Nauru in the South Pacific for the Nauruan government as a continuous source of 10 MW (1-unit standby), sufficient for all Island Power needs. Also of special interest is the fact that cold water from the depths of the sea is extremely rich in nutrients ENCLOSURE NUMBER 1 Honorable A. B. Won Pat Page 2 and that shell fish will grow very fast in feeding on the micro-organisms contained therein. Thus after serving the purpose as the condensing medium (heat sink) for power generation, the warmed water could serve to support a maricultural industry. Given time for development, this could result in a major food production enterprise for the Island of Guam. It is our premise that the potential possibilities here on Guam for the development of solar sea power may be better or approxi- mately equal to other potential sites in tropical areas where such developments hold promise of practicability. We, therefore, respectfully request the cooperation of your good office in placing this petition for the consideration of Guam as a potential site for solar energy development in the hands of those who have been designated as agencies of the government to research, promote and emplement this source of inexhaustable energy. In view of the encouraging potential possibilities for development of solar power on Guam, your early attention to the foregoing will be greatly appreciated. Respectfully, E. W. SCHAARDT Chairman, Board of Directors EWS/WFP/tmd Enclosure July 24, 1974 Mr. Walter Pinckert Guam Power Authority Gabriel Building Agana, Guam Dear Mr. Pinckert: Enclosed are the two temperature profiles that you requested from the Cabras Island and Tanguisson Point Station. Station 28 was taken offshore from the Tanguisson Power Plant site. A contiuous series of bearings taken during the profile operation places its position at 13 34'48" N and 144 43'36" E (center of seven plots). Station 29 was taken offshore from Cabras Island. A continuous series of bearings taken during the profile operation places its position at 13 30'12" N and 144 39'30" E (center of seven plots). Table 1 shows the actual depths sampled (in meters and feet) and the corrected temperatures in (o)C. Enclosed also are 12 expendable bathythermograph profiles that were taken on April 1 and 8, 1973, from a Chinese research vessel "Chiu Lein". These profiles were drawn directly from the recorder graphs. The approximate positions of thes profiles are shown on a bathymetric chart that has been taken from Emory (1962). The positions of lat. and long. shown on the graphs themselves were computed from a satalite navagation system on board the "Chiu Lein", and are much more accurate. The positions of the expendable bathythermographs as well as the two deeper plots can be plotted on the U.S. Hydrographic Map No. 4196 that you have in your office. All of these profiles show a remarkably constant layer of warm 82 F. water which varies in depth from about 300 to 400 feet. The temperature drops at an increasing rate from the 82 F. water to 45-50 F. at about 1500 feet in depth. I have also enclosed a xeroxed copy of some offshore submarine profiles that were taken by Emery (1962) around the island. Most of the submarine profiles are not deep enough but they give you some idea of the island slopes. From the bathymetric map you can see that the 3000 foot submarine contour is much closer the islan at Cabras Island than at the temperature regime that you are looking for is found around the Cabras site at feasible depths. If you need any additional information or wish to discuss the res- ults please call or contact me at the Marine Laboratory. Yours sincerely, Richard M. Randall R "I tw CL Ia C5 t'A TA N G Ull s s 0 m L AT i Lo ioc, iit i c VA/140/@P, /P'l 1 '14 T F-F-F i zo SU R@t,Lt i0oo LAY i3o IONG I q,,e @Sj L OAhAC)M @-o!q /'N -re tA p 1@ RivT @a E (o C) Tablo 1, Depthq and. corvcctod toiIllporaturo@j for Profilo!@ 28 and 29. C a br a s 18 If I r I d S) it 0 ITO , P 9 ))(,p th motors foot 1-m 0, o 3'r 0 0 t 0 Cl f, o rr o o t o d 89 C) 2020 611 890 2920 5.9 800 2625 6-3 5,9 .2297 700 6.5 .500 1611.0 7-0 7 _7 400 1312 all 300 .984 3-1.9 11,6 2oo 656 19 7 .50 492 23 21.8 100 328 26,,8 26.7 50 16l@ 28..5 23. surface surface 29-7 29.7 Tanguisson Point Sito No. 28. 890 2920 5.6 51.1 89C) 2920 .50- 8C)o 2 6 ),.8 5.3 600 196>8 7,, '30 500 161@O 8.0 7o6 400 1312 9.9 9.5 300 984 :Ll. 6 11.3 200 656 18.8 1B. )-50 )4.92 22.8 22. 7 100 326 25.5 6) 2 8,, 0 7, 50 .1. S U 1, 0, e, s, I I - rC 29,2 irjy hi bo @ sfl@o i r GUAMI@AND VICINITY AA -Fjouitr S.--Malquittric chart of Guaia iin d OcInIty. Contour tnt,-rvE0 In 000 feei (100 ff.,010(118) on both Laid. and fett flow'. Evef zirttH uli6ivn by Lull,) bluck iti,th.-ra. Figure from e 1, Y, 1962. livrinc-, geojogy c)f -Gunin, Sul-.V,Oy Prof . 11cip 403B: 131-1376. Iaq. STA. IG L NT 7Z.@ YL,.77-N o NG I m 0 C) zo 4o so qo Cio 06 0 Qc? Qvv v ri 'VI N4 Vt q ti i jM LJ GOO ow ILI C, U A A11% IVA I-AT Lo N 'rl ME_ 15:11-1- DA/tAO/IR 'i I't I 7--l F--- 1@500 30 lio 110 6t *'M4-'6(j 1 pA 0 0 DN Li 17 L b IN G 1 1- 12. LV 1 *7 D t@,/ M 0 /^vt R 15 c) C) @30 z;o 'T 17:@ t,,'( P V- P, ATU R F 09 0-9. ADV) /,v a "AIN ;4 U 0 U (A 91 IN C@ rA 500 tA. G-i A. -DAPAO/Y ti /I I VSC@o 10 CIO o L; LAT 13, 3 N LONG DAMO/eYR, 4 2 I'M F- --------- V503 70 20 Li .k@4 Goo 5 1 A GUAM M ME OZ 2- b 14 1 V I @f DA/tAo/"i 30 Aio '70 CID (OF) ILI DA/V-AC?NR @T --1.3 T ao LID 1 160 110 0 SUR Je Soo 5TA b 0 @VA L A-f 7. iL N 3 JL@lj' Lo N G 3 T ME o @, IV, t7 -tz (00 Cio Ti lk/@ 4;00 LA-T 1-30 1 V1. z LO N G I-"q 31.5, V;- TI 150 C) 30 so 010 -j HIM M, 29 zo 32 63 PROFILES OF St, F R I @N' G INI @exxcep- for P Abnoki (ATF SS) c@nd 57 _._ -: '- 3 4@1 cT feet NIP, ---------- @111 sz). !;oid o u, o i o 00 ;rF IF @- C'z z i 9 Aaro@ 0 TO =nv -0 Ql "0 T! 1ETRY ", L PO' ,.' TYPICAL 0 6- T@ ISI AND 011 t4 t i R U LE A4 BAARiER REEF -5 -NON V7 AAVJ@A f 4,7EAU cx A N co m 27ON" 4@k NOTE 3, 0 OCEAN THERMAL POWER PLANT AND ASSOCIATED FACILITIES 3, 1 OCEAN THERMAL POWER PLANT 3, 1.1 Capacity of an Ocean Thermal Power Generating Unit The ocean thermal power plant will have two 10,000 Kw ocean thermal power generating units. The unit capacity of 10,000 Kw was selected in consideration of existing system capacity of Nauru Phosphate Corporation of 8,285 Kw as of 1970. There is no difficulty to build a much larger unit, if greater electric power demand is expected in the near future. 3.11.2 Outline of an Ocean Therman Power Generating Unit An ocean thermal power generating unit will have following major com- ponents; 1- 10,000 Kw propane turbine generator set 1- Propane gas evaporator 1- Propane gas condenser 1- Liquid propane pump 1- Warm ocean water pump 1- Cold ocean water pump 2- Warm ocean water intake pipe line 2- Cold ocean water intake pipe line 1- Desalination plant 1- Fresh water storge tank (For more details, please refer to the specification attached.) 3-5 TLOW. DIAGRAM OF CULTURLE TROPOSED PROJECT AGR 23'C l1w prc 25*C 7-5'C IL '.c 25.8,c 4@, UQU!f) PROPANIE PUM,P COLD CKE K4 Ln WA CC WATER 78 Ic @J' Co!;) Warm surface ocean water at the temperature of 23 is fed to the propane gas evaporator by the warm ocean water pump to heat the liquid propane in the evaporator and is returned to the ocean at the temperature of 28.C. Liquid propane which is forced into the propane gas evaporator by a liquid propane pump at 9C comes out of the evaporator in the form of high pressure gas at the temperature of 23 C. High pressure gaseous propane then expands in a propane turbine giving up it's kinetic energy to drive the generator then flows into the pro- pane condenser and condenses in it. Cold ocean water at 5 C is fed to the propane condenser by a cold ocean water pump to cool the gaseous propane in the propane condenser, and is discharged into a mariculture pond at 7.5 C to fertilize shells an shrimps. Liquid propane condensed in the propane gas condenser is pressurized and fed into the propane gas evaporator by the liquid propane pump to com- plete a heat cycle. Specification of Equipment for Nauru Ocean Thermal Power Plant 5-5 I I I .1 I .1 I I I .1 *I I I I I I I I I .r- 11111 rill rl rill 1 3 6668 14109 7362 1