Storm water management plan for the Town of Kill Devil Hills

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

TORM WATER

MANAGEMENT
"V1
PLAN

FOR

THE TOWN OF
COASTAL ZGN E
M
KILL INFORMATION CE, J.Eq
DEVIL . . . ................ ... .a, . . ..... .

HILLS

DARE CO., NORTH CAROLINA

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1983
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McDOWELL a ASSOCIATES,RA.

Post Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite a
Elizabeth City, N. C. 27909
MAY 1983

THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT (HAPS) WAS FINANCED IN PART THRU A
GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
THRU FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE 14ANAGEMENT ACT 1972 AS
AMENDED WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE OFFICE OF COASTAL ZONE MANAGE-
MENT NATIONAL OCEANIC.ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.

STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

THE TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS

NORTH CAROLINA

Prepared by:
McDowell & Associates, P.A.
Engineers-Surveyors
Box 391
Elizabeth City, N.C.
May 1983

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Pages

I. Introduction 2

ii. Existing Physical Characteris tics 5
1. Topography
2. Climate

3. Soils

III. Inventory of Existing Facilities ra

IV. Design Criteria and Standards 3

V. Recommendations, Costs, and Priorities 2

Appendix

Figure A: Map - Existing Drainage Facilities,
Problem* Areas., and Proposed
brainagel-mprovemients Back Packet

Figure B: Photo Index 4

Figure C: Photographs 18

Figure D: Summary of Problem Areas with
Proposed Solutions 14
Figure E: References 2

STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

INTRODUCTION:

During the time this report has been prepared from September,

1982 to May 1983 there have been numerous rainfalls which due

to their accumulative affect have accented potential drainage

problem areas that have been dormant for some time'. In the

last 20 years there have been no major storm events (hurricanes)
and the last 5-10 years have' been relatively dry permitting

the ground water in the area to lower. This dry-period.has

permitted infiltration of rainwater to be maximized and

helped to minimize the potential-detrimental*effects of

poorly-maintained drainage systems. This situation also

tended to encourage deve lopments with no formal drainage

systems; ie, all drainage would be vertical or infiltrate
into the sand as.op'posed to draining into a ditch or pipe

system which in turns flows to a positive outlet to the

Sound or Ocean. The purpose of this plan is to evaluate

these problems as well as accomplish the f ollowing objectives:

1. To identify current surface water drainage problems.
2. To anticipate future drainage problems in Kill Devil Hills.

3. To help guide growth in an orderly manner consistant

with the Town's Land Development Plan.
4. To help prevent the loss of life and property as the

result of drainage problems..

5. To help reduce existing and future maintenance and

capital cost for the necessary storm.water drainage

systems-in and around the Town.

6. To help coordinate associated regulations as soil

erosion and flood plain management.

7. To assist the Town to set up cooperative agreements

with the North Carolina Department of Transportation

.@.(N.C.D.O.T.) in protecting and maintaining the area.s

drainage system.

This data has been generated through collation of the follow-

..ing-sources:

1. Ground topographic surveys and photographs.
2.' Aerial photographs.

3. Interviews with Town officials, North Carolina Depart-

ment.of Transportation. officials, local Soil Conserva-

tion Service officials, Corps of Engineers, and local

citizens.

4. Existing Coast and Geodetic.mapping.
5. Flood Insurance Rate Map; U.S. Department of Housing

and Urban Development.

6. Weather Bureau data from U.S. Department of Commerce

(N.O.A.A.)
7. Hydrological and hydraulic analysis based on standard

engineering.procedures..
8. Current Town ordinances, planning documents and standards.

1-2

II. EXISTING PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. TopographicFeatures:

The Town of Kill Devil Hills is located.on the Outer Banks/

Barrier Islands of North Carolina. It is bounded on the east

by the Atlantic Ocean an on the west by the Roanoke Sound. E leva-
tions range from sea level to 60 feet above in the-Nature Conservancy
Woods area. The more common elevations tend to range from eleva-

tion 5 to 12. There are.two primary dune systems which*affect

the drainage patterns within..the Town. The primary dune line

along-the Ocean and east of U.S.-158 business requires special

pipe systems on piles and flap gates to permit drainage to the

Ocean. The dune line west of U.S. 158 Bypass or along the

Sound creates problems for ditch or pipe systems which must

be cut through it to drain low.areas behind or east of this

dune line. These problems relate to depth of cut and stabilizing

and maintaining ditches from wind blown sand.

'The two major north-south roads - U.S. 158 Business and U.S.

158 Bypass provide obstacles also because the normal drainage

outlets must flow east to the Ocean Outfalls or west to the

Sound and therefore must go under these two roads.

Due to the flatness of a large part of the land between

the two dune structures.and the high groundwater table in poor

soil areas, large ditches with very flat slopes are required to

be built to drain these areas. These ditches are typical of

the backbone drainage system for drainage north and south be-

tween U.S. 158 business and bypass as well as the Sound out-
lets at the north end of Town and west of U.S. 158 bypass.

2. CLIMATE

The area enjoys a-maritime climate with cooler summers

and warmer winters than are-to be found on the mainland.

Weather data for the region is provided by the U.S. National
Oceanic and Atmospheric'Administ-ration (NOAA) at Cape Hatteras,

approxi.mately 50 miles south of Nags Head. General climatic

conditions in the study area'are closely approximate to'.those

at Cape Hatteras except that annual precipitation is slightly

less. Rainfall at Hatteras, with an annual mean of 55.07 inches,

is. five inches-more than annual rain fall at Bodie Island. The

wettest months are normally July and August, when there is a

monthly average of nine days with thunderstorms.
The mean annual temperature at-Hatteras. is 61.4 degrees F.
-The prevailing winds blow from the northeast in fall andwinter,
and from the southwest in spring and summer. Hurricanes are

fairly frequent along the Outer Banks., and occur mainly in
August and September. Average annual runoff in the area is
about 14 inches. Evapotranspiration average about 36 inches,

and ground water discharge is.about .5 inches.

11-2

Flood levels for Kill Devil Hills are 8.2 feet for a 50

year storm and 8.8 feet for a 100 year storm. Investigations

relating to flood insurance studies show that overwash of the

island by ocean tides would be sufficient to cause a-100 year

flood level on the Sound shore equal to the. static ocean level.

3. SOILS

The soils in.Kill Devil Hills play an important role.in

the nature of the storm water drainage system. The soil has

a tremendous capability to detain and retain surface water run-

off. The sandy soils also have the.capability of neutralizing

conventional underground storm sewer systems and ditches, be-

cause of its ability to wash and blow into the systems creating

a perpetual maintenance problem.

A -typical profile of soil units in Kill. Devil Hills looks as

follows:

Location Soil Unit Depth Perm. Use
Frontal dune Beach-foredune assoc. 0-61 Rapid' Wevere
Beach road east Newhan fine 61 VRapid Slight
and between Newhan Corolla (See qualification)
highways Duckston fine sand 0-2' VRapid Severe
Bypass west Duneland 61 VRapid Severe
Duckston fine sand (see above)
Newland fine sand (see above)
Corolla fine sand 0-3' VRapid Severe
Soundside Carteret soils 0-3' Rapid VSevere

11-3

(note: "Depth" refers to.depth to seasonal high water

table; "Perm." refers to premeability; 'Use" refers to

suitability for septic tank and filter field; "T' before

Rapid and Severe means "very").

Two soils which create drainage problems because of their

high ground water are.Corolla-Duckston-complex and Duckston Fine

Sand. They are,characterized below and are shown on the map-in

Figure

A. Corolla-Duckston Complex
This mapping unit occurs on nearly. level to slightly
depressional areas that commonly lie just inland.from the

frontal dune. The Duckston soils are in the wetter, slightly

lower -depressions. The seasonal.high water table is at or-
near the surface during the wet periods., Most of this com-
plex is made up of the Cor olla.'soils.

B. Duckston Fine Sand

The soils are-poorly drained. The soils are sandy through-
out. They occupy the nearly level to slightly depressional

flats that extend inland from the frontal dunes. Also, they

are in the small, irregularly shaped depressions between
the Corolla and Neiqhan soils. They arerated severe for most
uses due to wetness and poor fi ltering capacity. Water tables

are 1'. 0' 2.-0' .

11-4

Another observation that should be made at this.point is
the impact of the soils on storm water quality. As.reflected
above the soils are typically permeable down to the water table;

in fact, to the extent'that they do not provide appropriate

filtering characteristics for septic,tank nitrification fields.

The significance of this characteristic is that the local Health

Department is requiring a 25 foot buffer between the drain field

and ditches. A regional sewage collection and treatment system
-would alleviate this problem but would tend to aggrevIate the

drainage problem. Development density would probably increase

and generate more storm water runoff due to.the increase in im-
pervious area. Proper planning and regulation will need to be
implemented to prevent this potential drainage problem from

occuring.

11-5

III. INVENTORY OF EXISTING FACILITIES

The purpose of this section is to identify the major

drainage features which influence the drainage capabilities

of the-land within the corporate limits of the Town, To assist

in presenting this data we have provided one map (figure A),

photographs (figure C).as well as a table (figure D) with a

summary of problem areas prioritized and preliminary cost

estimates for major items.

In-general the co nveyance of stormwater in Kill Devil

Hills is predominately by ditches and corrugated metal pipe

culverts with few conventional. long storm sewer systems. Due

to the two dune systems and'flatness mentioned earlier the

natural drainage is either vertical or to a general low area

between U.S. 158 business and bypass where the existing north

south'ditch system is located. Some areas north of the Town's
Municipal Building and west of U.S. 158 bypass have natural

drainage to the Sound. These areas are basically along the

Sound or west of the dune system.

The map (figure A) shows problem areas, photographed

areas, major drainage systems, and problem.soil areas. An
attempt has been made to approximate drainage areas without
topographic mapping..:[email protected] areas have been given designations
with "S" or "0" prefixes with numbers:.,. The prefix "S"

means that this apparent drainage area flows overland into 'a

ditch or-pipe system that flows to the Sound. The "0" prefix

means the outlet is an-ocean ou tfall..

For the most part 'the positive drainage,that exists now

has been developed through the construction of ditches since the

natural topography does not provide continuous swales or-low

areas which-.drain to the Sound or Ocean. In a sense the drainage
has been artifica'lly developed by man with the location normally

within existing low or wet soil areas.

There are three e-xis-ting outfalls which drain the a rea-6f

Town south-of the Kill Devil Hills Post Office. The.rest of

he Town that has positive.drainage drains to the Sound through

4 sound outlets of various.sizes with the.two primary outlets

being the canal in S-8 and the Bickett Street ditch draining

S-1 which includes-the Avalon Beach area.
The problems that we'ha-ve define@a usually fall into two

.major categories. One category,is lack of maintenance on exist-
ing systems and the other' ca .tegory relates to poor drainage

because no f(ormal'system has ever been constructed in that

area. We have provided numerous examples of-each category in

figure B,C and figure.D.
The area which has received probably the most public

attention is the area around the fresh water pond at the southern
Town limits. In fact the pond straddles the'Kill Devil Hills/

111-2

Nags Head Corporate Limits. A combination of generally dry

weather for the past 10 years and the use of the pond as a

potable wa ter source had lowered-the pond level and the com-
panion watertable adjacent to it to permit a "drying.out"

o-f soils which have historically been categorized as potentially

wet soils. When-the wet weather returned this year along,with

the discontinuation of the use of the pond as a water source,

the watertable rose to its normal historical high level eleminat-

ing vertical drainage and causing ponding on the ground surface

within the'subdivisions that had been de.veloped-in this area.

Because of the large area involved and no positive outlet

to.service this area, ponding remained for an extensive period
of time. The relationship of*some of the homes to the streets

have also aggrevated the problem-because their ground elevation

and finish floor elevation are lower than the streets, therefore

water runs off the streets into their yards and homes with no

place to go. Even with sta ndard roadside swales some yards

will need to be filled to permit them to drain to a positive

outlet.

Besides-the Ocean Acres area there are numerous other

areas as shown on the map which suffered from ponding due to high

watertables in soils which have typically been described as potenti-

ally wet soils by the SCS. In partiuclar Avalon Reach area in the

"S-1" basin and a number of the problem areas west of U.S. 158

Bypass and north of the Town's Municipal building. The severity

111-3

of these problems were mitigated'by either. no..one.living.in*,.the

homes or the area being sparsely developed during the-major

flooding period. One primary co ncern is the effect on the

septic tank systems. Lack of,drainage and/or high grounid,water

conditions can compromise the septic tank system and therefore

create health problems. While Ocean Acres does not have septic

tank' systems concern for.excessive water*.entering the sewage

collection system must be dealt -with.
Ocean outfalls.if properly constructed function well,

but if they are not built on piles and ektended above the ocean

floor then they become a maintenance nightmare. Photo No. 50

shows an outfall properly. constructed just.north of the Sea Shore
Shops. Problems of incorrect*construction are shown in photos

51. & 52 which reflectithemaintenance problems of the Baum St.
outfall which typl*ifies the-problems of the outfall under Tanya's

Ocean House also.

Additional concerns relative to drainage include the
impact of widening U.S. 15-8 Bypass and the accelerated deterio-
ration of the@existing street.systems because of ponding water
and saturated road subgrades. Historically developments a long
the bypass have dumped their water into.the-right-of-way. See
photos 45-48. Photos 33 and-34 show what happens when this

111-4

approach. is abused. When these areas fill up they become a
traffic hazard and nuisance because there is no place for the
water to drain. As development and widening increases along
the bypass careful consideration must be given to -.d-.es:.i-gn prop,e-r drain-
age outlets. Photos 39,41,42,&43 show the dramatic.impact
poor drainage can have on road systems.
A final comment on problems relates to adminiatrative
proceduxes. Lack of coordination on development procedures
standards, and *ordinance as well as a maintenance agredment:-

with the-North Carolina Department of Transportation has hindered
the orderly development of the drainage systems within the
Town of Hill Devil Hills. In the past many of the facilities

were installed to take care of current specific problems with-

out regard to the comnunity as a whole or future development.

Although some drainage systems are owned and maintained

by the Town,-and others by the State Department of Transporta-

tion, in many instances responsibilities for surface drainage

facility construction and-maintenance are poorly defined or

acted-upon, and therefore drainage p roblems remain unresolved.

The rapid development of certain areas of the Town will

intensify the surface drainage..problems in those areas..

Development of areas which were formerly permeable increases

both the total runoff and the rate of runoff. This not only

establishes the demand for additional storm drainage facilites

in the developing areas, but may well place a burden on the

areas at the end of the system. In many cases, this extra

burden'may increase the volume. to a point which exceeds the

capacity of those areas. As always, the correction of con-

ditions is far more expensive than the cost of a properly

planned and designed system based not only on the immediate

needs, but also potential future growth..

111-6.

IV. STORMWATER DRAINAGE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CRITERIA

The following data outline s procedures for establishing

appropriate design and construction guidelines within the Town.

1. The developer shall provide a drainage system for the

proper drainage of all surface water using t he approved

design criteria.as-stated in the following paragraphs

below. The design of such a system shall be subject

to the approval of the Town pursuant to these guidelines

and to the North Carolina Department of Transportation

when the proposed drainage system affects drainage
coming from or going into the State's Right-of-Way.

2. All surface water draining onto the site under develop-
ment or generated on said site must be provided for in
accordance with these guidelines. All water drainage
leaving the site under development shall be channelled
to points of approved.discharge, such as a.natural or
manmade watercourse, a lake, pond, ditch or storm

drainage system.

3. No surface water shall be channelled or directed into

a sanitary sewer or septic tank system. Distances be-
tween open ditches.and septic tank.isystems!must be
specified and approv ed by the Dare County Sanitarian.
This approval must be obtained by the developer prior
to final approval of the drainage system designed by

the Town of Kill Devil Hills.

IV-1

4. The developer shall use retention, detention, and in-

filtration techniques to reduce the runoff from his site.

5. The drainage design criteria for open and closed drain-

age systems shall generally conform to these guidelines

and Handbook of Design for Highway Surface Drainage

Structures prepared by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation, the A.S.C.t. Manual of"Engineering

Practice No. 37, and Urban Hydrology for Small Water-

shed-s (T.R. No. 55) prepared by the Soil Converstation

Service.

6. Development plans shall show size, slope, invert and

rim elevations, and ditch cross sections in the vicinity
of-the development and as is necessary to properl'
y

evaluate the existing and proposed surface water drain-

age system.

7.'Drainage calculations, drainage area maps, flood routing

calculations, infiltration calculations, storm sewer

@back water curve calculations, etc. shall be submitted

to'the'Town upon request.

-8.'Estimated runoff calculations may be computed by the

Rational Method (Q=CIA), the SCS method in TR No. 55,
or other approved methodologies. Si.z3'-'ng of structures

will be base d on the Manning Equation. Culverts shall

be evalua ted for inlet and outlet control as necessary.

9. Systems shall generally be designed for a 10 year storm

IV-2

frequency. There may be some situations which may

.warrant a different requirement due to the size of the

.system. The design engineer is encouraged to contact

the Town Engineer in the preliminary design stages to

determine if a change is warranted.
..10. A'modified Rational Method hydrograph prccedur .e may

be used in sizing retention and detention systems.

11. All underground storm sewers open drainage ways, and

related structures shall be constructed to the appli-

cable provisions of Roadway Standard Drawings_ and

Standard Specifications for Road and Structures produced

by the North C arolina Department of Transportation.

12. During the construction, preparation, arrangement and

installation of improvements and facilities in develop-

ments, the developer shall maintain each stream, creek,

ditch, or channel. contiguous to or located within the sub-

division in an unobstructed state and shall remove

from such watercourses and the banks of the watercourses

all debris l.ogs,:timber, junk and other accumulations

that would, in time of flood, clog or dam the passage

of-waters in their downstream course .. Installation

of appropriately sized conduit, culverts, bridges or
other required structures shall not be constructed in

a way which will obstruct the flow of drainage.

IV-3

V. RECOMMENDATIONS, COSTS,-AND PRIORITIES

We have identified a number of drainage related problems

within the Town of Kill Devil Hills. Solutions to these pro-

blems require maintenance, new construction, coordination with

D.O.T., S.C.S, and the creation of certain standards and

ordinances.

Specific problems in the field have been identified and

proposed generalized solutions with preliminary cost estimate

have been reflected in table figure D. We prioritized 13 of

the major problem 'areas with the cost estimates not including

utility conflicts or easement acquistion. Since these solutions

are generalized, detail design.s would be needed to prepare

plans and specifications as well as detailed cost estimates.
The following table outlines the cross reference between the
problem prior ity and the problem reference number on the map

figure A and table figure D.
Priority Map reference No. Priority Map reference No.
1 46 8 27
2 13 9 21
3 '1 10 16
.4 18 11 14
5. 23 12 15
6 35 13 17
7 19

V.- 1

In summary the following goals should be pursued:

.1. Review the referenced field problems and set up the

Town's priorities on corrective action using this
report's*priorities as a guide.

2. Establish sources of financing for corrective action

through property owner assessments, developer re-

quirements, general taxes, joint venture arrangements

with D.O.T., and mosquito control funds.
3. 'tstablish lin*es*of responsibilities for drainage

maintenance and construction between'the Town and D.O.T.

4. Develop a. drainage ordinance.

5.1 Develop a storm water.-drainage design manual.

v-2

FIGURE B

PHOTOGRAPH INDEX

A. SILTATION,TRASH, & RESTRICTIVE PEDESTRIAN CROSS-OVERS

1. Pedestrian Cross-over in N-S ditch causing trash build-up
at Albemarle St.
2. Pedestrian Cross-over in N-S ditch (pipe undersized)(N. of
Aycck St.)
3. Vegetation, trash accumulation at Memorial Dr. & Carolyn Dr.
4. Pedestrian cross-over in N-S ditch with undersized pipe
(Pamlico St.)
B. TYPICAL PONDING PROBLEMS DUE TO-AREAS-WITH:SOILS WHICH HAVE
POOR VERTICAL DRAINAGE AND/OR NO COVENTIONAL DRAINAGE OUTLET.
5. Fresh Pond overflowing banks- and flooding "Ocean Acres
Subdivision". (Date: 4-1-83)
6. Ocean Acres Drive west of Bell Ave. (Date: 2-15-83)
7 "0cean Acres" Copley Dr. at Richard Klein's residence
(Date: 2-15-83)
8. "Ocean Acres", Copley Dr. at Richard Klein's residence
(Back yard is adjacent to the Fresh Pond.)
9. Ocean Acres; Sawin Residence on Ocean Acres Dr. (date:-4-1-83)
10. Ocean Acres; Resident installed a Dike System around house
(See Photo #13)
11. Whispering Pines; Quail Lane at Helen Dr. (Date2-15-83)
12. *Whispering Pines; Quail Lane and Goldie St.
13. "Ocean Acres"; outlet for Dike System (See Photo #10).
14. Septic Tank draining into outfall ditch (Hardin St.. &
Fourth St.)
15. `Avalon Beach"; Blocked ditch south of Wilson St,
(See Photo #18)
16. Fill material in ditch just upstream of Tanya's Ocean outfall.
17. "Avalon Beach "; Ponding north of Charlotte St. (Date:2-15-83)

(B-1)

18. Fill Material in ditch just upstream of Tanya's Ocean
outfall. (See Photo #16)
19. Inlet to existing Ocean outfall at Tanya's Ocean House.
20.. Ponding at intersection of Helga & Raymond Ave.
21. Residence on East side of Apache Dr. (Date: 4-11-83)
Residence of West side of Indian Dr.
23. Archdale St. West

24. Seminole St. North
25. Suffolk St. at intersection of Newport News.
26. White Court (Cul-de-sac)
27. Durham St. at-intersection of Portsmouth St.
28. Arch St. looking East across Susan Dr.
C. TYPICAL- PONDING PROBLEMS ALONG RTE. 158 BUSINESS & RTE. 158
BYPASS

29. Flooding 158 Business, (outfall buried by Northeast storm;
(2-15-83)
30. Flooding 158 Business (outfall buried by Northeast storm.
31. Ponding West of Rte. 158 Business at "Jolly Roger".
32. Flooding on 158 Business in area of Third St. to Fifth St.
(Date: 2-15-83)
33. East of Rte. 158 Bypass at "Seagate North".
34. West of Rte. 158 Bypass at South end of Kill Devil Hills
(McDonalds).

D. TYPICAL MAJOR DITCH SYSTEM IN KILL DEVIL HILLS

35. Existing North-South Drainage ditch North of Aycock St..
36. Drainage ditch in area of Kill Devil Hills Town Hall Bldg.
E. TYPICAL DRAINAGE RELATED PROBLEMS OTHER THAN PONDING

37. Buried pipe culvert under Rte. 158 Bypass at Durham St.
38. Erosion, silt, & pavement damage at Wilkinson St. &
Virginia Dare Rd.

(B-2)

39. Pavement deterioration of Baum St. due to failing pipe
joints.
40. Poor planning/utility conflicts with drainage from Kentucky
Fried Chicken parking lot.
41. Erosion, broken pavement, pavement deterioration at Third St.
42. Pavement deterioration at Third St. in area of the lake.
43. Pavement deterioration on Wilkinson St, west of Bypass.
44. Pipe culvert damaged during clean-out under Fifth St. west
of Bypass.

F. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT-ALONG.RTE..158-BYPASS

45. Barnes St. (Nags Head)
46. Barnes St. (Nags,Head)
47. Xypical drainage into U.S. Rte. 158 Bypass right-of-way.
48. Carolyn Drive (McDonalds)
49.. Residential development along Rte. 158 Business on north
end of beach.

G. OCEAN OUTFALLS

50. Existing 24" RCP on piles just north of "Seashore Shops".
51. Existing 30" CMP at Baum St. being uncovered by D.O.T.
(2.-16-83)
52. Outlet of 30" CMP at Baum St. aft*er'opened up by D.O.T.
(2-16-83)
53. Typical ocean outfall plan; bents & layout
54. Typical, ocean outfall plan; manhole & flapgates.

H. [email protected] V-1 @LNG AND CONTROLLING DRAINAGE/RUNOFF

55. Turfstone Paving allowing infiltration at "The Windmill"
56.. Grading to infiltration pond/area; Guy-C. Lee, Kitty Hawk.
57. Grading to infiltration trench; Nags Head Shopping Center.U./C.
58. Shoulder stabilization with stone; Wrightsville Ave.,
Nags Head.
59. Infiltration trench specifies.

(B-3)

60. Slotted drain allows surface water through top as well
as through inlet.
61. Asphalt paving around pipe culvert outlet reduces erosion
& siltation.
62. Simple but effective drop structure reduces erosion.
63. Sand fencing reduces wind blown sand and erosion.

(B-4)

FIGURE C

."PHOTOGRAPHS"

NOTE: Numbers on photographs are referenced to map (Figure A)

in back packet, and Photograph Index (Figure B)

2_1

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(C- 1)

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TYPICAL OCEAN OUTFALL-

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Details taken from Ocean Outfall No. 3 Drawiug B@- Bridge Maintenance
Department, N.C. State Highway-Commission, Raleigh, N.C., File No.6728,
Date April 1964.

(C- 14)

TYPICAL OCEAN OUTFALL

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54]
Details taken from Ocean Outfall-No, 3 Drawing By Bridge Maintenance
Department, N.C. State Highway Commission, Raleigh, N.C. File No.6728,
Date April 1964.

(C-15)

oe-;

(C- 16)

FINISH GRADE
ELEV. 9.0

SELECT D
BACKFILL
LZ

BUILDERS
FELT
ELEV. 6 0
6" PEA GRAVEL 2.50 CU. FT./L.F
6. 2- PER FT OF DEPTH

3.53 CU. FT./L.F

PERFORATED 3.97 CU. FT/L.F.
PIPE
DESIGN WATER 3.53 CU. FT/L.F.
TABLE ELEV. 2.5'
ELEV. 2.0

2.50 CU. FT/L.F
hpCOARSE ROCK PER FT OF DEPTH

NOTE, VOLUMES ARE COMPUTED BASED
ON 50% VOIDS IN ROCK BACKFILL
I INCH 25.4 Mm
I FOOT 0.305 M
I CU. FT. - 0.02 8 M3

DETAIL SHOWING VOLUME OF STORAGE
IN INFILTRATION TRENCH (COURTESY
OF BRISTOL, CHILDS & ASSOCIATES,
CORAL GABLES, FLORIDA)

lapp-

J.-

wz@ 71
kPE
@
36
PERFORATEO
P, P;
E

(C-17)

77,

(C-18)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DRAINAGE PROBLEM DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEMAREAS PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.
PONDINGIN AREAS OF SOILS WITH POOR CONSTRUCT 470Q'� OF BASE DITCH, (MOST IN SEA-
(Photos. 23 VERTICAL DRAINAGE FROM INTERSECTION VIEW AVE. R/W DUE TO BEING LOWEST AREA AND ALSC
28,43) -'OF ARCH ST. & SUSAN DR. TO EDEN ST. UNIMPROVED), STREET CROSSING CULVERTS,MINOR
(PRIORITY NO. 3) ROADSIDE SWALES TO REACH BASE DITCH.,STREET
PATCHING5 SEEDING & EROSION CONTROL AND
ENGINEERING & CONTINGENCIES= $7.50 x 4700'�=
$32.1250*

2. PONDING AT STREET INTERSECTION OF INSTALL CULVERTS UNDER STREET TO DRAIN INTO A
HELGA ST, & RAYMOND AVE. PROPOSED ROADSIDE SWALE TO THE NCiRTH-SOUTH"
Photo-20) _'_D ITCH@__ WEST.-- OF ._-PONDI NG

3. SILTATION OF N'ORTH-SOUTH (N.-S.) CLEAN-OUT TO CORRECT ELEVATION; IN.THIS AREA
AT THE N.-E. CORNER OF "SEAGATE THE N.-S. DITCH NEEDS TO HAVE VEGETATION &
NORTH" BLDG. TRASH REMOVED FROM ARCH ST. SOUTH TO WILKINSON
ST. CULVERT.

4. PONDING ON PARKING LOT & 158 BYPASS USE SWALES AND/OR CULVERTS AT ENTRANCES TO
(Photo 33) R/W AT- SEAGATE NORTH SHOPPING BYPASS, DITCH TO NORTH END OF PARKING LOT., THEd,
CENTER. DITCH EAST TO THE N.-S. DITCH. (SOILS IN
BETWEEN ENTRANCES TO BYPASS DO NOT DRAIN WELL
VERTICALLY.)

5. PONDING AT INTERSECTION OF INSTALL PIPE CULVE.T DRAIN TO
RT AT INTERSECTION>
WILKINSON ST.: & 158 BUSINESS. N.-S. DITCH. WITH A DITCH..ON THE SIDE OF
WILKINSON ST. THAT HAS THE LEAST UTILITY
CONFLICTS.

(D-1)

FIGURE D'

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DR@[NAGE' PROBLEM
DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
-BASIN REF. No.
S-1 6. EROSION,, SILTATI'ON,.& PAVEMENT CONCENTRATE.ST13EET RUN_QFF TO ONE POINT OF
DAMAGE AT HEADWALL ON WILKINSON*ST RELEASE WITH ASPHALT CURBlNG,, THEN USE EITHER
(Photo 38) (N.-S. DITCH). A CONCRETE CHUTE TO INVERT OF DITCH ('OR SOME
TYPE OF SOIL REINFORCEMENT MATTING).

7. INLET & OUTLET ENDS OF C,ORRUGATED REPAIR OR REPLACE; CRUSHED ENDS RESTRICT
METAL PIPE CRUSHED. MAJORITY OF FLOWAT THIS POINT.

8. PEDESTRIAN.CROSS-ING JUST NORTHIOF -EITHER REMOVE FILL AND SMALL CULVERT, OR
(Photo 2) AYCOCK ST.; SMALL CULVERT RESTRI=E INSTALL PROPER SIZE CULVERT BASED ON DOWN-
FLOW, CAUSES TRASH BUILD-UP AT STREAM SIZE. (USING WOODEN BRI.DGES WOULD NEED
INLET END OF PIPE.' LESS MAINTENANCE & WOULD NOTRESTRICT
DRAINAGE.)

9. PONDING AT INTERSECTION OF AYCOCK INSTALL A PIPE CULVERT UNDER AYCOCK ST., AND
ST'.' &.158 BUSINESS. DITCH TO THE N.-S. DITCH ON THE SIDE OF AYCOCK
ST. WHICH HAS THE LEAST UTILITY CONFLICTS.

10. PONDING EAST OF BYPASS IN LOW DITCH EAST TO THE N.-S.DITCH.
MARSHY AREA BETWEEN.ARCHDALE ST.
&. AYCOCK ST..(THIS AREA'S SOILS
HAVE POOR VERTICAL DRAINAGE.)

PONDING ON EDEN ST. BETWEEN 158 FILL & GRADE STREET WITH A CROWN; SWALES ALONG
BYPASS AND BUSINESS RT. 158. EDGE OF SHOULDER TO CARRYREMAINDER OF PONDING
TO THE N.-8. DITCH.

(D-2)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

)RAINAGE PROBLEM DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS PROPOSED -SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

S-1 12. PONDING EAST.OF 158 BUSINESS IN THERE TS NO CLOSE, CONVENIENT OUTLET FOE THIS
AREA OF "K.D .H. MANOR",MOTEL. PONDING. CONSIDER USING INFILTRATION TRENCH
AND/OR A PERMEABLE SURFACE WHERE WATER PONDS,
SUCH AS "TURFSTONE".

13. "AVALON BEACH" AREA; RTE. 158 AS OF APRILi 1983,-A DETAILED DRAINAGE PLAN IS
BYPASS TO 158 BUSINESS FROM-DURHAM BEING-DONE WHICH WILL BASICALLY ACCOMPLISH THE
'Photos 15, ST.'TO BICKETT ST. OUTFALL DITCH.- FOLLOWING THINGS-,
17) PONDING ON STREETS & YARDS DUE TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE ON THE EXISTING
NO-DRAINAGE SYSTEM.IN SOME AREAS. -_DITCHES & PIPES CHECKING THE NEED FOR
AND WHERE A SYSTEM EXISTS IT HAS REPAIR AND/OR REPLACEMENT. EXTEND THE
NOT-BEEN PROPERLY MAINTAINED. EXISTING SYSTEM SOUTH TO CHARLOTTE ST.
MAJORITY OF AREA HAS SOILS THAT WITH PIPE, AND IMPROVE THAT DRAINAGE
DRAIN POORLY VERTICALLY. ALSO, ALONGSIDE THE STREETS BY USING A COM-
SEWAGE DISP09AL IS BY INDIVIDUAL BINATION OF ROAD51DE SWALES, GRADED
SEPTIC TANKS NECESSITATING A WORK- ENTRANCES DRIVES, 'AND POSSIBLY SOME
ING SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM. ENTRANCE CULVERTS. CSOME MINOR FILLING
(.PRIORITY NO. 2).- IN SMALL . LOW AREAS MAY BE MORE COST
EFFECTI-VE THAN SWALES & CULVERTS.)

S-2 14. PONDING FROM HAYMAN BLVD.. TO ROADSIDE DITCHES THROUGH "WET" AREAS,
WILKINSON"ST.*AND FROM LEE AVE. ENTRANCES -:CUTS & CULVERTS2 ASPHALT PATCHING
ENGINEERING &
WEST TO BAYVIEW DRIVE. SEEDING & EROPI'ON CONTROL,
(PRIORITY No. 11) CONTINGENCIES - $12,528.,

(D-3)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

;DR@[NAGE PROBLEM
DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM-AREAS PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

.S-3 15. PONDTN@w ON SUFFOLK ST. FROM NORFOLK ROADSIDE SWALES TO CROSS PIPES UNDER NEWPORT
(Photo 25) ST. TO SMITHFIELD ST. NEWS & SUFFOLK ST., CROSS PIPES UNDER AVALON
(PRIORITY NO. 12)- DR. & KITTY HAWK DR., CONCRETE DRIVE CUTS,
CULVERTS OR.GRADED SWALES FOR DRIVES, SEEDING
& EROSION CONTROL & ENGINEERING AND.CON-
TINGENCIES - $12,318.

S-4 16. PONDING ON SUFFOLK ST. FROM YORK- LOWER-EXIST. DITCH ALONG-REAR PROPERTY LINES
TOWN ST. TO PORTSMOUTH ST. (SOILS EAST TO.YORKTOWN ST., INSTALL CROS,S-DRAIN AT
IN THIS AREA HAVE POOR VERTICAL SUFFOLK ST. & PORTSMOUTH ST. INTERSECTION,
DRAINAGE). CONSTRUCT ROADSIDE SWALES WITH EITHER GRADED
(PRIORITY NO. -10) CONC. ENTRANCES OR CULVERTS, SEEDING & EROSIONI
CONTROL.'ENGINEERING & CONTINGENCES =,$17.,244.

S-5 17. PONDING DOCK ST. & PORTSMOUTH ST. ROADSIDE DITCH ALONG DOCK ST., CROSS-DRAINS ATi
INTERSECTION. PORTSMOUTH ST., EDENTON & BAY DRIVE, ASPHALT '
(PRIORITY NO. 1-3)- PATCHING ON STREETS, SEEDING & EROSION CONTROL,'
ENGINEERING AND CONTINGENCIES = $7,956.

S 6 18. PONDING AT INTERSECTION OF DURHAM LOWER THE EXISTING CULVERT UNDER BAY DRIVE ANDI:
(Photo 27) ST. FROM PORTSMOUTH TO EDENTON'ST. DITCH FROM SOUND EAST TO HAMPTON ST. (DITCH
(THIS AREAS SOILS HAVE POOR VERTI- WOULD NEED TO BE PIPED FOR 100' ON SOUND SIDEI
CAL DRAINAGE) OF BAY DR. DUE TO A NEW HOME ENCROACHING ON
(PRIORITY NO, 4 EXIST, DITCH.) INSTALL CROSS-DRAINS AT INTER-
SECTIONS OF DURHAM & EDENTON, FIFTH ST. & LISAI
COURT, AND DRAIN'TO THESE WITH ROADSIDE SWALESI
MISC. ENTRANCE DRIVES WOULD NEED CULVERTS OR
SWALES ON SURFACE TO REACH CROSS-DRAINS. ALL
DISTURBED AREA TO BE SEEDED & EROSION CON-.
TROLLED PLUS ENGINEERING'AND CONTINGENCIES
(D-4) $163530.

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DRAINAGE PROBLEM
DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS PROPOSED -SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

S-7 19. PONDING SEMINOLE ST. WEST TO BAY CONSTRUCT BASE DITCH FROM SEMINOLE ST. TO
(Photos 21 &DRIVE FROM CROATA14 DR. TO INDIAN SOUND, ROADSIDE SWALES FEEDING BASE DITCH
DR. (ENTRANCE CUTS WITH CULVERTS), CROSS-PIPES AT
22) (PRIORITY NO. 7) STREET CROSSINGS, ASPHALT PATCHING, SEEDING
AND EROSION CONTROL., AND ENGINEERING & CON-
TINGENCIES $4o,o8o.,

S-8 20. PONDING AT INTERSECTION OF DURHAM OPEN UP EXIST. CULVERT UNDER 158 BYPASS ON
ST. & 158 BYPASS. NORTH SIDE OF DURHAM ST.
(Photo 37)

ITCH ALONG REAR PROPERTY LINES
s-8 21. PONDING BETWEEN DURHAM & FIFTH ST. CONSTRUCT-A D
FROM BYPASS TO SMITHFIELD ST. BETWEEN DURHAll & FIFTH ST., USE-'-k C13OSS-DRAIN
AT DURHA ND
M &-NEWPORT NEWS INTERSECTION A'
ROADSIDE SWALES TO GET DRAINAGE INTO BASE
DITCH. INSTALL A CULVERT UNDER DURHAM ST. ON
WEST SIDE OF BYPASS (OR CONC. SWALE ACROSS
DURHAM), DITCH TO TIE-INTO EXIST. DITCH JUST
SOUTH OF DURHAM ST., LOWER EXIST. DOUBLE LINE
CULVERT UNDER F@-FTH ST. (ONE ALREADY"-D'AMAGED) ,
AND LOWER DITCH To 4th ST. -_'8---E-'SDING & EROSION
CONTROL AND ENGINEERING & CONTINGENGIES
$105544.

22. 1-LINE OF EXIST. DBL. LINE OF 18 REPAIR OR REPLACE.
CMP IS DAMAGED (BOTH PIPES NEED TO
(Photo 44) BE LOWERED FOR PROBLEMS #20 & #21).

(D-5)

FIGURE D

S@UMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

@DRkINAGE PROBLEM
REF. NO. DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN

.S-8 23. PONDING ON CLAMSHELL DR. FROM. CONSTRUCT A NEW DITCH FROM CREEK ST. TO THE
SEMINOLE ST. TO WYANDOTTE ST. (THIS EXIST. RTE. 158 BYPASS DITCH, CROSS-DRAIN AT
(Photo 24). AREA HAS SOILS WHICH HAVE POOR SEMINOLE & CLAMSHELL, ROADSIDE SWALES WITH
VERTICAL DRAINAGE.) CULVERTS UNDER ENTRANCES, PAVEMENT PATCHING,
(PRIORITY NO. 5) SEEDING.& EROSION CONTROL AND ENGINEERING &
CONTINGENCIES $9,6oo.

24. PONIjING ON RTE.'158 BUSINESS FROM INSTALL A CATCH BASIN JUST SOUTH OF THE "JOLLY
(Photos 31, THIRD ST. TO FIFTH ST. WHEN OCEAN ROGER". WITHAN OUTLET PIPE DRAINING TO THE
32,41,&:42) TOPS DUNELINE EAST OF BUSINESS RTE. POND WEST OF BUSINESS 158. USE PAVED ROADSIDE
158; WATE.RPONDS ON PAVEDAREAS SWALES (GRADED) TO DRAIN PONDED SURFACE WATER
ALONG BUSINESS AFTER HEAVY RAINS'. TO NEW CATCH BASIN. ALSO,*(#25) TO REDUCE PAVE-L
MENT DAMAGE ON THIRD ST. & DRAINAGE BACK-UP
REPLACE EXIST. 12" PIPE WITH A NEW 19". THEN,
25. SMALL, BLOCKED 12"'UNDER THIRD ST. (#26) LOWER POND'OVERFLOW TO MATCH THE
RESTRICTS DRAINAGE TO SOUND AFTER ELEVATIONS OF THE EXIST. BYPASS CROSS-DRAIN.
A MAJOR N.-E. STORM-(OCEAN OVER
.WASH)'.'

2 6.' EXIST. 181''POND OVERFLOW PIPE IS
HIGH AND REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF
STORAGE VOLUME THE PONDS COULD
HANDLE IF LOWERED.

(.D-6)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

)RAINAGE. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

s-8 27. PONDING IN'HARBOUR DR. & LANDING CONSTRUCT A BASE DITCH FROM EXIST. BYPASS
DR. AREA. @CROSS-DRAIN AT ASHEVILLE DR. TO LANDING DR. &
(.PRIORITY NO. 8) HARBOUR DR. INTERSECTION., CROSS-DRAINS AT ST.
CROSSINGS, ROADSIDE SWALES WITH EITHER
CULVERTS UNDER ENTRANCES OR GRADED TOP SUR-
FACES, PAVEMENT PATCHING, SEEDING & EROSION
CONTROL> ENGINEERING & CONTINGENCIES = $19,290.

28. VEGETATION IN BYPASS WEST DITCH PROVIDE REGULAR SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE.
'IMPEDES DRAINAGE FLOW-TO SOUND.

29.* PONDING EAST OF BUSINESS 158 IN INSTALL CATCH BASIN ON EAST SIDE OF BUSINESS
FRONT OF THE "LAMPLIGHTER". 158 CROSS-DRAIN UNDER BUSINESS 158, DITCH TO
THE EXIST. N.-S. DITCH.

3Q. PONDING ON SUTTON PINEHURST & ONE EACH STREET CONSTRUCT A SWALE ON SIDE OF
ROANOKE AVE. STREET WITH NO UTILITIES, GRADING ENTRANCES OR!;
USING CULVERTS INCL. ONE CROSS-DRAINUNDER
MEMORIAL AVE. DRAINING TO N.-S. DITCH.

S-8 31. PONDING ON FUTURE SITE OF "ZIP INSTALL CROSS-DRAIN UNDER OCEAN BAY BLVD. TO
MART". DRAIN TO EXIST. BYPASS WEST DITCH_

(D-7)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DRAINAGE PROBLEM
DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS' PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

s-8 32. -'PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS AT ALBEMARLE EITHER REMOVE FILL AND SMALL CULVERT, OR
.(Photo 1,4) ST. & PAMLICO ST. RESTRICT DRAINAGI INSTALL PROPER SIZE CULVERT BASED ON DOWN-
IN N.-S,. DITCH AND CAUSES TRASH STREAM SIZE. (USING WOODEN BRIDGES WOULD NEED
BUILD-UP AT INLET OF SMALL PIPES. LESS MAINTENANCE VWCULD NOT RESTRICT
DRAINAGE.)

33. PONDING EAST & WEST OF BUSINESS INSTALL CATCH BASIN ON EAST SIDE OF BUSINESS.,
RTE. 158--IN VICINITY OF "THE CROSS-DRAIN TOVEST SIDE, DITCH ALONG 158
TRADING POST". BUSINESS TO OREGON A E., THEN TO N.-S. DITCH
V
@ALONG OREGON AVE. 80ME PONDING COULD BE
ELIMATED BY FILLING., BUT NOT ALL.)

34. PONDING EAST OF PIRATES LOOP & SWALE TO EXIST-. DRAINAGE DITCH CROSSING
SOUTH OF LANDING DRIVE. LANDING DRIVE (,ON SOUTHSIDE).

35. PONDING EAST & WEST OF MONUMENT INSTALL A CROSS-DRAIN AT LOW POINT OF MONUMENTi
LANE AT WHITE CULDESAC AREA LANE, THEN@DITCH SOUTH TO CANAL DRIVE WITH
(Photo 26) (SOILS IN THIS AREA HAVE POOR CROSS-DRAIN THERE., ACROSS PROPERTY LINES TO
VERTICAL DRAINAGE.) LANDING DR. TO LARGE CANAL. (ELEVATION
(PRIORITY NO. 6) DIFFERENCE AT CANAL MAY NECESSITATE A DROP
STRUCTURE.)

(D-8)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DRAINAGE DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM -AREAS PROPOSED -SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

s-8 36. PONDING ALONG LANDING DRIVE FROM USING CROSS-DRAIN AT HARPOON CT., DRAIN RUN-
SEALOFT CT. TO SCHOONER CT. OFF TO NORTH SIDE OF LANDING DR. AND USING
CULVERTS UNDER STREET APPROACHES & A SWALE
DRAIN TO THE CANAL N.-.E. OF SEAGULL CT.

37. PONDING ON EAST SIDE OF CANAL USE CROSS-DRAIN UNDER FROELICH CT. & FIRST
DRIVE SOUTH OF FIRST FLIGHT LANE. FLIGHT LANE TO DRAIN INTO EXIST. DITCH ON
NORTH SIDE OF FIRST FLIGHT LANE. (,SOME EXIST.
DRIVES WILL NEED CUTTING, CULVERTS5 &
PATCHING.)

38.- PONDING NORTH & SOUTH OF DOGWOOD USE ROADSIDE SWALES WITH CULVERTS UNDER
LANE INTERSECTION WITH DOGWOOD LANE AND
TO DRAIN PONDING WATER TO CANAL.

39. EROSION AT EXIST. OUTLET (83" 57' USE CONC. DRAINAGE CHUTE FROM LOW POINT IN
(Photo 62) CMP) ON FIRST FLIGHT LANE. PAVEMENT TO PREVENT,EROSION FROM STREET RUN-
OFF. ALSO, ON EACH SIDE OF FIRST FLIGHT LANE
ESTABLISH VEGETATION ON SLOPES. (TOPSOIL WILL
NEED TO BE HAULED IN3 AS-EXIST. SAND WILL NOT
SUPPORT VEGETATION.)

0-1 40. PONDING IN VICINITY OF KILL DEVIL DRAIN SOUTH ALONG NOR FOLK AVE. R/W TO EXIST.
HILLS POST OFFICE. DITCH SOUTH OF GODDARD AVE.

(D-9)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DR@INAGE OBLEM
DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM -AREAS PROPOSED-SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

,0-1 41.- PONDING ON CLARK ST. & CORRIGAN ST DRAIN ALL 3 AREAS EAST TO BYPASS USING SWALES
(CLAY STREETS) AND ALSO INTERSEC- &CULVERTS, DIG A NEW'BYPASS DITCH NORTH TO
TION OF LANDING STRIP RD. & 158 THE EXIST. DITCH SOUTH OF GODDARD ST.2
BYPASS. INSTALLING CROSS-DRAINS AT STREET APPROACHES.

42. PONDING AT CORRIGAN ST. & ROADSIDE SWALES TO NEW CROSS-DRAIN AT INTER-
WRIGHTSVILLE AVE. INTERSECTION SECTION DITCH EAST ALONG CORRIGAN ST. TO
(CLAY STREETS). EXIST. N4-S.. DITCH.

43. P04DING ON CLARK ST., BETWEEN ROADSIDE SWALE TO N.-S. DITCH.
WRIGHTSVILLE AVE. & BUSINESS RTE.
158'.
44. PONDING' EAST OF BUSINESS RTE.- 158 MODIFY EXIST. JUNCTION BOX AT OCEAN OUTFALL TOI
IN FRONT OF "THE FIRST FLIGHT INN". RECEIVE A GRADED PAVED SWALE FROM FIRST FLIGHT
-INN.(STUB SMALL PIPE OUT OF JUNCTION BOX.)

45. EXIST. OCEAN OUTFALL, (SINGLE LINE CONSIDER UPGRADINO THIS 0 ,C-EAN OUTFALL BY
OF 30" CMP) IS NOT ON PILING SUP- EXTENDING IT INTO OCEAN ON PILINGS, ADDING A
(Photos 51, PORTS,'@ DOES NOT EXTEND TO O-CEAN FLAPGATE DEVICE, AND VERIFY THAT THIS OURFALL
& 52) AS IT SHOULD.' HAS AN EXIST. EASEMENT. IF EASEMENT DOES NOT
EXIST@ MAKE ARRANGEMENTS.TO SECURE ONE.

(D-10)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DRAINAGE PROBLEM DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

0-2 46. "OCEAN ACRES" PONDING IN YARDS AS OF APRIL 1983, A DETAILED DRAINAGE PLAN IS
(Photos 5,6, AND IN SOME CASES IN HOMES, ALSO BEING DONE WHICH WILL BASICALLY ACCOMPLISH THE
7, & 8) PONDING ON STREETS CAUSING TRAFFIC FOLLOWING THINGS:
PROBLEMS AS WELL AS ACCELERATING BEGIN AN 15" STORM SEWER SOUTH OF
STREET DETERIORATION. (LOW AREAS OCEAN ACRES DR.5 BETWEEN COPLEY DR.
AT ELEVATION 10+, ARE.SURROUNDED B' & JONES CT. . CONTINUE NORTH THROUGH
HIGHER GROUND WITH NO OUTLET WHEN SUBDIVISION ALONG PROPERTY LINES
SOILS BECOME SATURATED.) (WITH EASEMENTS). ACROSS BURNS DR. &
(PRIORITY NO. 1) TIE INTO SYSTEM WHICH TRAVERSES
"WHISPERING PINES" SUBDIVISION. THIS
MAIN STORM SEWER LINE WILL BECOME THE
MAJOR OUTLET FOR STREET & YARD DRAINAGE.
RUN-OFF WILL BE DRAINED TO THE "MAIN
OUTLET" BY DITCHES ALONGSIDE STREETS
WITH CULVERTS PLACED AT DRIVEWAYS &
STREET CROSSINGS. A PORTION OF
"OCEAN ACRES" WILL BE DRAINED TO THE
D.O.T. PROPOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEM ALONG
RTE. 158 BYPASS;,SEE #54. FUTURE IN-
VESTIGATION WILL CONTINUE ON POSSIBLE
POND OVERFLOW DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO HELP
REGULATE POND ELEVATION. NO COSTESTI-
MATE SINCE DETAIL PLAN IN PROGRESS
OUTLINED ABOVE.

(D-11)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DR@IVA_GEPROBLEM
DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM -AREAS -PROPOSED-SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

0-2 47. "WHISPERING PINES" SUBDIVISION; PIPE SYSTEM THROUGH SUBDIVISION (SOUTH
(Photos 11, PONDING ON MOSTLY-UNDEVELOPED LOTS UPSTREAM INLET JOINS "OCEAN ACRES" SYSTEM
& 12) - & STREETS. DISCUSSED IN #.46), TO NORTH LIMITS OF
@-(NOTE: LOW AREAS AT ELEVATION 10� WHISPERING PINES SUBDIVISION, THEN A NEW FLAT-
ARE SURROUNDED BY HIGHER GROUND BOTT014 DITCH ALONG THE WEST R/W OF HELEN ST.
WITH NO OUTLET WHEN SOILS BECOME THEN ALONG THE SOUTH R/W OF HOLLY ST. EAST TO
SATURATED.) THE EXIST*.CROSS-DRAIN UNDER 158 BYPASS.
CROADSIDE SWALES WILL - DRAIN PONDED WATER ALONG
S
TREET5 TO THE NEW" PIPE SYSTEM.)
.

48. EXIST. DITCH FROM TENTH ST..EAST. PROVIDE MAINTENAN.CE ON A REGULARLY SCHEDULED
TO SECOND ST.'HAS HEAVY VEGETATION BASIS ON DITCHES TO ELIMINATE THE LARGE BRUSH
IN FLOWLINE'CAUSING RESTRICTIONS & SMALL TREES EXISTING IN THE DITCH NOW.
IN DRAINAGE & UNECESSARY BUILD-UP
OF TRASH & DEBRIS AT INLETS OF.
STREET CROSSINGS.

49. APPARENTLY A SEPTIC TANKDRAINS HAVE THE APPROPRIATE HEALTH -OFFICIALS LOOK AT
(Photo 14) INTO THE EXIST. DITCH BETWEEN THIS AREA AND MAKE RECCOTIENDATIONS.
THIRD ST. & FOURTH ST.

50. EXIST. 43" X-27" CMP UNDER RTE.. TO BE CLEANED OUT AS A PART OF WHISPERING
158 BYPASS SILTED FULL. PINESTROJECT CPROBLEM 47).

(D-12)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

RAINAGE PROBLEM DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

0-2 51 WRIGHTSVILLE AVE, & HOLLY ST. HAS INSTALL 4o'-241, CMP UNDER WRIGHTSVILLE AVE.
ONLY A PARTIAL CULVERT'UNDER CLAY CLEAN-OUT SILT JUST EAST OF STREET.
STREET, CAUSING DRAINAGE TO CROSS
TOP OF STREET., ERODING STREET &
SILTING DITCH DOWNSTREAM.

52. DOUBLE LINE OF 15" CMP SILTED AND REPLACE WITH A SINGLE LINE OF 24" CMP TO GIVE
RESTRICTS FLOW TO OCEAN OUTFALL. A LARGE SINGLE BARREL FOR BETTER FLOW AND
ALSO FOR EASIER CLEAN-OUT.

53. PONDING EAST OF RTE. 158 BYPASS IN NO CONVENIENT OUTLET TO DRAIN TO.- CONSIDER
VICINITY OF "OUTER BANKS MOTOR USE OF AN INFILTRATION TRENCH AND/OR USING
LODGE". A PERMEABLE PAVEMENT SURFACE SUCH AS
"TURFSTONE".

0-3 54. EAST PORTION OF'"OCEAN ACRES"= THIS PORTION OF OCEAN ACRES IS DESIGNED TO
(Photos 9, PONDING IN YARDS, STREETS CAUSING DRAIN TO A PROPOSED STUB PIPE SOUTH OF OCEAN
10, & 13) ACCELERATED STREET DAMAGE. ACRES DR. ON THE D.O.T. DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR
THE RTE. 158 BYPASS IMPROVEMENTS. THIS WILL
BE ACCOMPLISHED BY USING ROADSIDE SWALES &
CULVERTS AT STREET APPROACHES & PRIVATE
DRIVES. (PROPERTY OWNERS WILL NEED TO DRAIN
THEIR YARDS TO THE FRONT.)

(D-13)

FIGURE D

SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AREAS WITH PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

DR@IRAGE 7R--OBLEM- DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM AREAS PR.OPOSED S .OLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
BASIN REF. NO.

0-3 55. PONDING ON OR NEAR THE EXIST. R/W A WIDENING PLAN IS UNDERWAY FOR RTE. 158
(Photo 34)' ALONG-RTE. 158-BYPASS FROM PINE BYPASS FROM PINE,GROVE TRAIL TO NAGS HEAD.
GROVE TO LAKE DR.;-(EAST & WEST THE DRAINAGE PLANS FOR THIS PROJECT INCLUDE
SIDES). PIPE STUB-OUTS.IN LOW AREAS TO ELIMINATE
PONDING WATER.

56. EROSION AT NORTHWEST CRNER OF USE A CONCRETE SWALE TO CHANNEL RUN-OFF
(Photo 40) KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN; UTILITY AROUND UTILITY POLE TO PREVENT EROSION &
POLEIN DRAINAGE PATH. SILT DOWNSTREAM.

57. - SAND FILL WEST OF BUSINESS RTE.. AREA FROM 8TH ST. NORTH TO THE EXIST. OCEAN
(Photos 16, 158., ACROSS FROM "TANYA'S OCEAN OUTFALL DEPENDS ON AN OPEN DITCH TO THE
& 18) HOUSE", BLOCKED DRAINAGE DITCH OUTFALL. RELOCATE DITCH ALONG FRESH POND DR.
TO INLET TO THE EXIST. OCEAN OUT- NORTH SIDE, THEN ALONG WEST SIDE OF BUSINESS
FALL. RTE. 158 TO THE EXIST. OR "'NEW" OUTFALL BY
D.O.T. (_#-5$)-

EXIST. OCEAN OUTFALL UNDERNEATH D.O.T. PLANS TO ADD A NEW OCEAN OUTFALL IN
58.
(Photos 19, TANYA'S OCEAN HOUSE" MOTEL THE R/W OF LAKE DRIVE ON EAST SIDE OF BUSINES@'
CONTINUALLY B_URIED BY SAND FROM RTE. 158. (.SIZE & MATIL. = 361, SINGLE LINE
29, & 30) N.-E. STORMS, AND ALSO IT IS ON OF RCP ON PILINGS EXTENbED INTO OCEAN.)
LAND WITHOUT@AN EASEMENT. (.OUTFALL
IS NOT ON PILI.NGS OR EXTENDED
INTO OCEAN.)

(D-14)

APPENDIX E

References

1. A Sunmary Report - Southeast Conference on Urban Storm
Water Management, at North Carolina State University,
April, 1979 Prepared by David H. Howell, Published by
Water Resources Research Institiute, The University of
North Carolina.
2. Design and Const ruction of Sanitary and Storm Sewers,
ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice - No.
37,- 1974.
3. Design of Exfiltration Trench Systems for Underground
Disposal of S't*orm Water Runoff by Darrell E McQueen, P.E.
Briston, Childs and'Associates, Inc., Coral Gables, Fla.
May, 1979.
4. Engineering Fi'eld Manual 'for Gons'ervation Practi'c@es,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
April, 1975.
5. Flood Insurance Rate Map ,@Kill Devil Hills, No'r'th Carolina,
No. 375353 A - U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Develop.
6. Guidelines for Control of Erosion and Sediment During
Cons'truction, North Carolina Department of Transportation,
July 1, 1980.
7. Handbook of Design for Highway .Surface Drainage 'Structures,
preparedby Bridge Location & Hydrographic Department,
C.R. Edgerton, State Hydrographic Engineer, 1973.
C@
8. Hydrology, Section 4, SCS National Engineering Handbook,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
August, 1972.
9. Practices in 'Detention of Urban Stormwater Runoff,
American Public Works Association Special Report No. 43, 1974.
10. Proceedings of a Workshop - North*Carol'ina Worksh*op'on
Management of Stbrmwat'er, SediMeTita't'ibn, 'and Fl*ood Control
in UrbariAre'as, January 5, 1978, published.by Water Resources

E-1

Research Institute of The University of North Carolina.
11. Roadway 'Standard Drawings, State of North Carolina, Depart-
ment of Transportation, Division of Highways Roadways Design
Unit, July 1, 1978.
12. Sedimentation Control, Chapter 4, Title 15, North Carolina
Administrative Code,- January ll,,1978.
13. Standards and Sp'ec'i'ficatiori 'for' 'Roads and Structures, North
Carolina Department of Transportation July 1, 1978.
14. Stormwater Management Alternatives, J. Tourbier and R.
Mestmacott, Editors, Water Resources Center., Univeristy
of Delware, April, 1980.
15. Subdivision Roads. - Minimum Construction Standards, North
16. Carolina Department of Transportation July 1, 1979.
Town of Nags Head Surface Water Drainage Plan, Coastal
Consultants, LTD and McDowell-Jones, P.A., June 30, 1980.
17.- Underground Disposal of Storm Water Runoff, Design Guidelines
Manual,by Joseph B. Hannon,.P.E., U.S.'Department of Transporta-
tion, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA TS-80-218)
February, 1980.
18. Urban Hvdrology for Small Wate@r'sheds, Technical Release
No. 55, United States Department,of.Agric.ulture, Soil
Conservation Service, January, 1975.'
@19. Various 'S'oil' 'S*urveys, Dare County, North, Carolina, United
States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
Various D'ates.
20. Water' 'and Urban 'S'tdr!@wdter, A Management Plan,
Divi$ion of Environmental Management, North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development,
July, 1979.

E-2

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