[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                                                                                     FY 1992 FINAL PRODUCT Task 54
                                                                                            Strmwtr Mgt. Pog. & Ord.
                                                                                                                          Q~~d~








                         Program Development Manual for a Comprehensive
                                            Stormwater Management Program


                                                        Gloucester County, Virginia
                                                                     March 1994

                                                                            


                                                                                   




                                                                             













                                                           VCRMP Grant Program
                                                                FY 1992-1993






                                              This document was funded, in part, by the Virginia Council an the Environment's Coastal Resources
                                              Management Program through Grant # NA27OZO312-01 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                                              Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, under the Coastal Zone Management
                                              Act of 1972 as amended.




															TO657.V8.G37 1994



                                                                                              Rec'd by Dept. of
                                                                                            Environmental Quality


                                                                                               MAR 3 1994


                                                                                               Public & Inter-
                                                                                            governmental Affairs
                             Program Development Manual for a Comprehensive
                  
                                   Stormwater Management Program






















                                               Gloucester County, Virginia
                                                         March 1994




                                 								TD657.V8.G37  1994

                Title: Program Development Manual
                       for a Comprehensive
			     stormwater management program
                 TABLE OF CONTENTS









     I. PREFACE



     II. BACKGROUND



     III. WATER RESOURCE & LAND USE PLANNING



     IV. WATER RESOURCE & PUBLIC FACILITY
        PLANNING



     V. APPENDIX







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                                I. PREFACE



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                 It is the hope of all those who have contributed to the writing of this
             manual that it will serve rural local governments who are beginning to address

             stormwater and other water resource issues.  The terms stormwater and water

             resource are often used interchangeably in this manual.
                 Water resource planning, when done in tandem with other planning
             initiatives, has proven to be an invaluable tool for legitimating planning
             decisions in the eyes of local citizenry. No one will argue against the value
             of preserving water resources and be taken seriously.
                 The products of this study are varied.      Conventional land use and
             transportation issues have been somewhat refined and are included in the
             covers of this manual.   This work was done with tremendous help from the
             following:
                            The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
                            National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                             The Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department
                                           LDR, International
                                          Smith, Demer, Norman
                                             Kellerco, Inc.
                               Hampton Roads Planning District Commission



                 Gloucester County remains very grateful for the assistance that has been
             provided by the individuals that embody these organizations. The planning and
             implementation of water resource protection efforts continues.







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                   Il. BACKGROUND



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             In September 1992 The Virginia Council on the Environment (now the De  partment
             of Environmental Quality) provided funding to Gloucester County to begin
             development of a comprehensive stormwater management program. The funding was
             provided through the Virginia Coastal Resources Management Program (VCRMP) by
             the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the Coastal
             Zone Management Act of 1992.     This grant program was competitive in nature,
             with high priority assigned to proposals that included development of
             comprehensive planning and ordinance language addressing stormwater issues.
                The proposal ultimately submitted by Gloucester County included the
             incorporation of water resource management into the practice of land use,
             transportation and public facility planning.   The concept for this project
             developed from the ideal that stormwater management and other water resource
             opportunities would not be foregone in the planning of land use and public

             infrastructure.

                 It is important to understand that Gloucester County is one of many fast
             growing rural counties in Virginia's Tidewater Region. Most of the population
             growth experienced by the county began in the early 1980's and continues
             today. Until the 1980's Gloucester had few if any growth issues to deal with.
             There were only minimal demands for public services and transportation and
             other public infrastructure demands were equally stable.     In the mid 1980's
             this stability slowly began to erode as demand for public facilities began to
             increase exponentially.
                 It is imperative for the reader of this manual to understand that a
             sustained annual growth rate exceeding five percent, in a rural jurisdiction,
             is a harbinger of change that should not be ignored by anyone in the public
             service. 'This is not to imply that the government leaders in Gloucester
             ignored what was happening in the county, quite the contrary.     The county,
             with great speed, managed to connect a small sub-regional sewage treatment
             plant to the Hampton Roads Sanitation District's facilities via a 17 mile

             force main.   In addition the county met its increasing solid waste disposal,
             collection and recycling needs by contracting with a major private concern.
             As if that wasn't enough, the county built an approximately 4.0 mgd reservoir
             and water treatment facility to allow expansion of the water supply.    All of
             these improvements were accomplished in approximately the same ten year period
             in which growth was accelerating.      It is doubtful that this scope of












              infrastructural improvement has been  accomplished, in jurisdictions of similar
              character, anywhere in this Commonwealth, in such a time frame.
                  The irony of all this good work and capital investment is that it will
              serve to sustain the growth rate and increase demand for more public services.
              The presence of public water and sewer facilities has also begun to change the
              character and scope of development within the county.      Pressures to attain
              customers on these immature, but expensive utilities, began to affect land use
              decisions. Densities are increasing, and with the increased densities more
              sophisticated land use policies are necessitated.      The word "urban" began to
              creep into the dialogue and narrative of the local planning agencies.         One
              reluctant planner coined the phrase 11rurban" to help describe the ongoing
              phenomenon that was increasingly changing the character of the county.
                  After almost three years of debate, the county decided on a land use plan
              that encourages development in an area encompassing roughly 40 of the county's
              225 square miles. Concentrating Development in this manner will do two
              things: first, it will leave the rural areas of the county somewhat intact;
              second, because development within the 40 square mile Development District
              will be serviced by public water and sewer the hazards associated with in-
              ground sewage disposal and increased groundwater withdrawals will be
              diminished.  This land use policy also enjoys political favor because it helps
              to provide customers to the expensive utility systems, thereby spreading their
              cost among more users, resulting in lower water and sewer bills for

              constituents.

                  However, the prospect of increased densities in such a large area of the
              county raises other environmental concerns.           Increased percentages of
              impervious cover will lead to 3tormwater management problems from both a
              quality and quantity perspective.     Increased densities will also create more
              demand for roads, parks, schools etc. with reasonable accessibility.           The
              social and even psychological impacts to residents in these areas must also be
              considered. In essence almost everything related to public service changes in

              those areas where urban density occurs.

                  Itis hoped that this manual will help rural jurisdictions, that are
              trying to cope with accelerated population growth, begin to understand some of
              the options available to deal with the inevitable changes that will occur.
              The products of this research are bent t-oward water resource preservation, but












              for the planners involved, the greater satisfaction came from the broadened
              definition of the exercise labeled "comprehensive planning".
                  This manual has two district sections; Land use and Public.facility
              planning.   Both were written with a predisposition toward their effects on
              water resource management.   In fact, water resource management along with
              public facility location have become the primary determinants for land use
              planning decisions. Water resource management has evolved to this status,
              almost coincidentally, to augment other major land use decisions; such as,
              preserving agriculture, watersheds and wetland areas.        Public facility

              locations have served to effect land use in more obvious ways; such as,
              increasing residential densities and allowing for other more intensive land
              uses.   In addition to their land use implications, public facilities, such as
              roads, provide conduits for stormwater conveyance and may often provide for
              impoundment opportunities when alignments are carefully planned.
                  The challenge now before Gloucester County is to implement the planning
              policies that have been developed.         This manual cannot fully address
              implementation because it has been written prior to full implementation.
              However, it appears that there are three alternatives for stormwater
              management that deserve careful attention; conventional on-site detention,
              private development construction/maintenance associations, and stormwater

              utility programs.
                  For pure simplicity, the on-site retention method is, by far, the easiest
              method. A jurisdiction simply adopts an ordinance and orders everyone to
              comply. In the long term the aggregate money and effort used to construct and

              maintain these numerous facilities will likely prove this method to be
              somewhat 'Insane for all but limited applications. Some of the approved
              management practices used today (e.g. infiltration trenches and retention
              ponds) are known to require expensive and chronic maintenance.        Also, the
              symptoms from lack of maintenance do not often manifest themselves In an
              obvious manner, thereby making it difficult for everyone to know when

              maintenance is required.
                  Private maintenance associations, with the local government included as a
              party, approach a more practical solution inasmuch as the number of management
              facilities can be significantly reduced. Maintenance, and member
              contributions for such, can be programmed into these agreements, thereby
              preventing the often unexpected large cost associated with preserving such












             facilities. Such larger facilities may also serve to aggregate open space
             within developed areas and therefore improve the aesthetics of the area

             served.

                 The installation of a stormwater utility program is probably the most
             practical, and controversial, option available to Virginia local governments.
             It is politically controversial because it involves establishing a new tax and
             increasing the local bureaucracy. The establishment of such a utility will
             soon, if not presently, subject the utility owner to regulations enforced by
             the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These regulations have been known
             to be extremely expensive to meet, and should therefore be carefully
             researched by anyone proposing a stormwater utility. The positive elements of
             a utility structure are its ability to raise adequate money for construction
             and maintenance projects when and where they are most needed.
                 It is apparent that, for now, Gloucester will choose to implement its
             stormwater program by utilizing an ordinance approach. When it is feasible,
             sub-regional practices will also be encouraged.      This ordinance approach is
             the preferred option for the short term only.   Gloucester is simply not in a
             position where it can create a utility in short order. The county planners
             also hope to work with state agencies to facilitate the creation of a broader

             spectrum of options available to local governments who are attempting to
             customize a stormwater management program to their specific needs.







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            111. WATER RESOURCE &
               LAND USE PLANNING
















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                  Probably the most provocative exercise performed in the development of
              Gloucester's planning program was the incorporation of water resource planning
              into land use planning. Land use planning will invariably include arguments
              supporting different positions that can be taken when placing use designations
              on land.   Very often, the process seems to be somewhat arbitrary to those who

              are not fully involved in the research that led to an initial set of draft

              proposals. The most troublesome decisions were centered on the rationale used
              to determine where extremely low densities would be encouraged by the land use

              plan.   Preserving rural character for the sake of character alone was
              inadequate rationale for Planning Commissioners proposing to limit property
              owners' development rights. This stalemate continued for almost twelve
              months, and this impasse threatened the fundamentals of the entire planning

              process.
                  One of the two large areas being proposed for low density (1 unit/5 acres)
              development had a predominance of hydric soils with large areas of non-tidal
              wetlands.  This same area has very little topography with elevations reaching
              no more than ten feet above mean sea level. This area was appropriately named
              "Bayside District" on the draft Land Use Map which was the subject of debate
              before the commission.      The line that was drawn separating the Bayside
              District from the "Primary Development District" was placed along a well
              defined, topographic escarpment which elevated the Development district
              approximately twenty feet above the Bayside District.     In spite of what, to
              planners, appeared to be excellent reasoning for such a designation, the

              commission remained deadlocked.

                  In what now seems to have been an act of divine intervention, planners
              received a copy of a report from the Army Corps of Engineers entitled,
              "Virginia Hurricane Surge Atlas", for the Chesapeake Bay Region, dated August
              of 1991.   This atlas included a number of maps of Gloucester County and
              illustrated what areas of the county would likely be inundated by a storm
              surge in the event of an unfortunately well placed hurricane.         This atlas
              showed the Bayside District to be underwater in such an event.       The planners
              brought: this new information to the commission at a time when the news media
              was covering the tragic loss of life from a typhoon that struck Bangledesh.
              Bangledesh bas.a low lying area that is the chronic victim of typhoons.         In
              spite of this danger, its residents have historically re-occupied this area
              after the floods recede and the Planning Commission could now relate issues of












              public safety and sheer common sense to the plan.         These comparisons were
              clearly drawn by planners, and the impasse on the Bayside District was quickly

              resolved.

                  The water resource benefits associated with the Bayside District go beyond
              the intrinsic value of wetlands preservation. The proximity of these wetlands
              to the Primary Development District allows them to accept and treat suburban
              run-off in a natural manner. The Primary Development District is, in essence,
              serviced by the Bayside District and the two tend to compliment each other.
                  The other large area of the county being considered for equally low
              density is labeled the "Countryside District" (please note the use of
              euphemistic titles).     This district was originally being considered for. low
              density (1 unit/five acres) due to the predominance of agricultural land use

              and because it was not serviced very well by roads and other public
              facilities.  The same problems within the planning commission relative to the
              Bayside District prevailed.    The Commissio n felt they needed a more practical
              rationale for the designation.
                  During this struggle, the County had just begun to operate a new water
              treatment facility that was supplied water by an equally new 635 acre
              reservoir.   This brand new facility was an extremely controversial endeavor
              for the County primarily due to its cost.    The watershed for this facility
              included an expanse of land area within the proposed Countryside District.
              When the County first began to plan for the reservoir it hired a consultant to
              perform a site selection survey and environmental impact analysis for sites
              that scored high in the selection matrix.   The site that scored highest was
              the Beaverdam Reservoir site, the one that was subsequently built.        The two
              sites that scored second and third, far ahead of the fourth site, both had
              contiguous watersheds to the Beaverdam site.      The engineering study that had
              been done to select the best sites for future surface water supplies, gave
              rise to the realization that all potential watersheds for surface water
              supplies were contiguous, and located entirely within the Countryside

              District.
                  Therefore, if the County was going to:      contain sprawling development
              patterns, preserve agricultural use of land, open space, some of its rural
              character, and its potential water supplies from development; the Countryside
              District was a rationale first step. The Planning Commission agreed that the
              land use plan should attempt to protect the existing reservoir and other












             valuable watersheds, and for all the above reasons approved the beleaguered

             land use plan.
                 As the reader may detect by now, water resource planning has served to

             remediate some of the political problems associated with land use planning in
             Gloucester.     This should not be viewed as a cheap tactic, but one that
             recognizes the political realities of local government.






                                                                                      3rd DRAFT
                                                                                          1/17/94

                         Population, Household and Employment Projections for
                         Gloucester County

                         Introduction

                         This memorandum develops the rationale for a series of projections made
                         for Gloucester County and presents these forecasts. This effort is part of a
                         1994 Comprehensive Plan Supplement, which focuses on balancing land
                         use and transportation planning for the County. This study is based on the
                         assumption that future land use proposals should be in some reasonable
                         balance with future transportation plans.

                         The analysis of the land use/transportation interface is to be accomplished
                         through the use of a computer simulation or model which projects future
                         traffic in the County based on its future population and employment
                         growth. The computer model for the County, developed by the Hampton
                         Roads Regional Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is part of HRPDC's
                         larger computer model for the region. Thus it incorporates into its results
                         for Gloucester County the effects of population and job growth throughout
                         the region, and vice versa.

                         In subsequent sections of this memorandum, the background of current
                         thinking on land use and transportation for the County is presented followed
                         by an analysis of its buildout capacity so as to assess what the Plan's long
                         term vision of the County means in terms of population, housing and
                         employment. The buildout scenario is necessary because the
                         Comprehensive Plan accommodates such a large amount of land use
                         change without specifying its supporting transportation infrastructure.

                         Stepping back from the long term picture, we next develop shorter term
                         projections for the County based on a Trends and Accelerated Growth
                         scena'r'io. Finally, these County-wide growth scenarios are broken down into
                         smaller subareas for the more detailed growth projections that will drive the
                         traffic model.


                         Background on Land Use and Transportation Plans for the County

                         The current Comprehensive Plan was developed in 1988/1989 and was
                         adopted in 1991. Its bottom-line product is a county-wide future land use
                         map with associated text. This map significantly increases the land to be
                         used for medium density development beyond the current limited single
                         family zoning pattern. It creates a Development District, from the Point to








                           the Courthouse of about 35 square miles with Rt. 17 as its spine. Within
                           this District, densities are envisaged at 4 to 5 units per acre on public water
                           and sewer. By way of comparison, the current single family zoning district
                           with 10,000 SF lots on public water and sewer, yields about 2.5 to 3 units
                           per acre. While the extent and intensity of the County's suburban
                           development areas is increased in the Plan, the Plan decreases the
                           development yields in its rural areas. Currently the rural residential zone
                           allows 11/2 acre lots; the Comprehensive Plan proposes 11/2 or 5 acre lots,
                           depending on location.

                           The net effect of the land use changes is to allow for a very large future
                           increase in residential population. This future development capacity is
                           quantified in the next section.

                           The commercial zoning that runs the 12 miles along Rt. 17 from the Point
                           to the Courthouse is not explicitly modified in the Comprehensive Plan.
                           The Plan states a preference for larger and deeper "nodes" of commercial
                           development rather than a continuous, shallow strip along the corridor, but
                           it does not explicitly propose an alternative pattern. The Plan, however,
                           does propose an overlay zone on the corridor which would address
                           aesthetics and access management. The unofficial Citizens Plan for
                           Gloucester Point, however, proposes to reduce the amount of retail zoning
                           and substitute in its place employment zoning.

                           Like the residential capacity, the commercial zoning, which is only partially
                           developed to date, also has very significant future development capacity.
                           Abutting the corridor, the Plan identifies a 500-acre area for future industrial
                           development, just south of the Courthouse, which is currently the site of the
                           former airport and golf course.

                           These significant increases in capacity for future development will require
                           supporting infrastructure. The Plan's transportation element shows a future
                           collector road, parallel to and east of Rt. 17 from the Courthouse to the
                           Point. Its purpose is to remove local, short-distance vehicle trips from Rt.
                           17 and to interconnect neighborhoods. The Plan also shows a new crossing
                           of the York River, from Ark to Williamsburg, as a reliever for the
                           SOUthbound traffic on Rt. 17. The alignment of this northern bridge crossing
                           is the result of a planning study conducted by VDOT and documented in a.
                           Draft Environmental Impact Statement in August, 1988.




                                                                                                          2








                            Another study VIDOT of the Rt. 17 corridor in March, 1992 proposed a
                            series of connecting parallel roads to Rt. 17 at its southern end. The same
                            study proposes that Rt. 17, currently four lanes, be increased to six lanes for
                            a 2.4 mile portion of its length from the Coleman Bridge northwards to Rt.
                            216 and that various improvements to its current four lane section should
                            be made along its middle stretch northward for another 2.9 miles (to north
                            of Rt. 667). From Rt. 667 to Rt. 17 Business at Gloucester Courthouse, the
                            study proposes selected improvements at particular intersections, crossover
                            modifications and circulation improvements. The total cost estimate of
                            these improvements was approximately $30.5 million. The VIDOT study did
                            not include a traffic forecasting element.

                            The 2010 Highway Needs Study by VDOT, completed in April, 1991 with
                            the assistance of HRPDC, shows projected volumes in 2010 along Rt. 17,
                            which it proposes as a six lane facility along its twelve mile length. It shows
                            the Coleman Bridge as a four lane facility and also the new northern
                            crossing as a four lane facility. Projected traffic volumes on these two
                            bridges are shown as roughly equal, i.e. in the 24,000 to 27,000 ADT
                            range. The Northern Crossing Alternative Study and the 2010 Highway
                            Needs Study preceded, and were therefore not based on the land use,
                            population and employment recommendations and proposals of the 1991
                            Comprehensive Plan. The transportation element of the Comprehensive
                            Plan itself did not include a forecast of future traffic needs.

                            A major purpose of this Comprehensive Plan Supplement is to relate the
                            future land use plans to future transportation needs and to update these
                            earlier plans and projections. This will require a review of past population
                            and employment projections and the development of forecasts consistent
                            with the Comprehensive Plan. The time horizon of these projections is
                            important since the timeframe of the land use plan should relate to that of
                            the transportation plan. If, for example, the Comprehensive Plan represents
                            a preferred pattern of land uses that would be developed in 50 years time,
                            then the transportation system in the Plan should be capable of supporting
                            this land use pattern in 50 years time.


                            The Holding Capacity of the Current Comprehensive Plan

                            Holding Capacity refers to the number of people, dwelling units and
                            employees that the County can absorb at buildout. The terms holding
                            capacity and buildout are used interchangeably.


                                                                                                           3








                           A buildout analysis was conducted in 1990 for    the County's Department of
                           Public Utilities so as to size sewer pipes to handle ultimate capacity. In this
                           analysis, different sewer sheds were reduced to a net acreage by removing
                           hydric soils and maximum development densities were then applied with
                           the guidance of the Department of Community Development. Since they
                           were not based on the Comprehensive Plan, they need to be updated for
                           this Supplement.

                           To yield holding capacity, the allowable density or lot size recommended in
                           the Comprehensive Plan cannot simply be multiplied by the acreage of the
                           differently designated development areas in the Plan. One must deduct for
                           existing development, wetlands, soils unlikely to perk, steep slopes and
                           roads. in addition, some lands will also be used for schools or parks or will
                           simply be held off the development market by owners who will retain them
                           as large estates and not subdivide. All of these qualifiers must be factored
                           into holding capacity analysis.

                           Table 1 presents a holding capacity analysis which takes the above factors
                           into account and differentiates between the Development District and other
                           areas based on the densities and policies of the Comprehensive Plan. The
                           Citizens' Plan for Gloucester Point and Courthouse were used for these
                           areas even though they have not been formally adopted. The overall yield
                           of the County at buildout, 72,752 units, includes the 1990 total of 12,443
                           units. This total is divided between 48,567 units in the Development
                           District and 24,185 in the County's rural areas. In the table, these numbers
                           are also converted to population figures.

                           The County's holding capacity for employment is based upon buildout of
                           the current Rt. 17 corridor zoning and the new industrial employment areas
                           shown on the Comprehensive Plan. Table 2 shows these calculations. In
                           all, over 22.5 million square feet of future commercial development and
                           almost 8 million square feet of future industrial space can be
                           accommodated. Currently, there is about 1.3 million square feet of
                           commercial development in the County.

                           When will buildout of the Comprehensive Plan occur and what are some
                           intermediate points of growth along the way? We now turn to projecting
                           rates of growth for the County.





                                                                                                           4





             Table 1:             Gloucester County Buildout Projections Based on Density Factors*
                                                   Development District                                            Rural Areas                             Total
                                     Gloucester    Gloucester         Suburban                   Suburban          Rural
                                    Courthouse            Point     Residential     Subtotal    Cntryside Cntryside         Bayside        Subtotal         100%)
                TO    Acresi               5,462          5,475          13,853      24,790          39,251      48,481       34,385        122,017
                 1
                                               4%            4%               9%        17%            27%1         33%          23%            83%         146,807 1

                Acres                      1,325          3,421               2,790    7,536         5,310         2,173      9,907           17,390
                Developed                      5%            14%              11%       30%            21%           9%          40%            70%            24,926

                Vacant Acres               1,008             736              1,485    3,229         2,386         3,670         243          6,299
                Undevelopable                  11%           8%               16%       35%1           24%          38%          3%             65%             9,528

                Vacant Acres               3,129          1,318               9,578  14,025          31,555      43,838       25,473        100,866
                Developable                    3%            1%               8%        12%            27%          38%          23%            88%         114,891

                Unit Yield               10,234           4,031          28,734      42,999          9,648         5,608      2,054           17,310
                                               17%1          7%               48%       72%            16%           9%1         3%             28%            60,309
                Existing Du                    913        3,569               1,086    5,568         3,375         1,256      2,244           6,875
                Households                     7%            29%              9%        45%            27%          10%          18%            55%            12,443

                Total Du at              11,147           7,600          29,820      48,567          13,023        6,864      4,298           24,185
                Buildout                       15%           11%              41%       67%            18%1         10%          5%1                           72,752

                Pop. per HH
                at Buildout                    2.2           2.2              2.2                        2.2         2.2         2.2

                Total Addd.              22,515           8,868          63,215      94,598          21,378      12,338       4,519           38,235
                Population                     17%           7%               48%       72%            16%           9%          3%             28%         132,833

                Existing                   2,385          8,481               3,105  13,971          7,821         3,408      4,931           16,160
                Population                     8%1           28%              11%       47%            26%          11%          16%            53%            30,131
                Total Pop. at            24,9001         17,349          66,320     108,569          29,199      15,746       9,4501          53,635
                Buildout                       15%           11%              41%                      18%          10%          5%             33%    1=62,964
                                                                                 lActual total acreage is    144,000; discrepancy due to water areas, rounding, et

                The following density factors were used:

                            Development Yield in Septic & Well Areas (Acres per Unit)

                                                                                              Comprehensive Plan Areas
                            MPPDC Analysis
                            Categories                          Suburban Countryside                 Rural Countryside                        Bayside

                            Suitab e                                          1.5                             5                                  5
                            Slight Limitations                                3                               7                                  7
                            Severe Limitations                                5                               10                                10
                            Floodplain                                        20                              20                                20

                            Development Yield in Development District                (Units per Acre)

                                                                SIF-Low Density          SIF-Med. Density           V Core - MXD                    PUD
                            Gloucester Village                         1.5                         3                          6                       6
                                                                Suburban - LD               One-Family                    Village

                            Gloucester Point                            1                          3                          6

                            Area In-Between
                            (Suburban Residential)           Assume 3.0 du/Acre








           Table 2:      Gloucester County

           Derivation of Commercial Holding Capacity

                SF of B-1 Zoning along Rt. 17                    851323,520 SF
                SF of Commercial in Gloucester Courthouse         6,098,400 SF

                Total B-1 SF                                     91,421,930 SF

                At .25 FAR                                       22,855,482 SF




            Derivation.of Industrial Holding Capacity

                Acres of Land in Comprehensive Plan for                 500
                industrial Park at Airport Site

                Acres of Land on Comprehensive Plan for                  90
                Industrial Park in Northeast Gloucester Courthouse


                                                                        590     Acres

                At 13,000 square feet per acre                         7.7 Million Square Feet




















                                                                                                     6









                          Growth Projections Over Time

                          Population

                          In addition to the buildout study for the County Department of Utilities
                          referred to above, there are at several other recent sources of growth
                          projections: these include those done for the Comprehensive Plan itself in
                          1988 which projected out to the year 2010 and those done by HRPDC as
                          part of its region-wide forecasting program in February, 1993, which
                          projected out to the year 2015.

                          These two projections are compared in Table 3. The Comprehensive Plan
                          numbers are higher than HRPDC's, for an increase of over 8,000 units over
                          the 20 years. This equates to a population increase of over 18,000 people.
                          HRPDC projections are expressed in terms of population and must be
                          converted to dwelling units using a household size. Table 3 shows trends in
                          household size for Gloucester County and projects them into the future.
                          HRPDC population yields an increase of about 4,230 units to 2010, or
                          about 211 per year over the two decades. In 2015, HRPDC projects a total
                          of about 47,000 people in approximately 18,000 units.

                          The Comprehensive Plan's projections average 414 units per year. By way
                          of comparison, the 1980's averaged 624 units permitted per year, with a
                          high of 951 units in 1985 and a low of 340 in 1989. Recent recession-
                          bound permits have averaged around 300 per year. HRPDC assumes a
                          reduced pace of growth for Gloucester County based on its recent regional
                          assessment of future job and population prospects.

                          In addition to the two projections above, The Virginia Employment
                          Commission (1993) and the County's own Recreation and Parks Department
                          (1990) have also published projections. VEC's are roughly midway between
                          the Comprehensive Plan's and HRPDCs, while the REC Plan's numbers are
                          very high compared to all the other projections.

                          When viewed against the overall holding capacity of Gloucester County of
                          72,752 units, however, the projections of either the Comprehensive Plan or
                          HRPDC show how small a fraction of total growth (roughly, 17% or 9%,
                          respectively) will be absorbed in the County over the next 20-25 years. In
                          fact, the County can absorb between 100 and 200 years of future growth if
                          the Comprehensive Plan or HRPDC's respective rates are extended into the
                          future as a straight line! Seen over such a long time span, the differences
                          between the Comprehensive Plan and HRPDC's numbers are minor.



                                                                                                      7







               Table 3:        Gloucester County Population and Household Projections


                                                                             Population

                                            1990        2000        2010        2015         2020        2030      Buildout

                 State VEC (1993)          30,131      39,042      46,049     49,553**      53,056      60,063

                 HRPDC                     30,131      37,911      43,862      46,973
                 Comprehensive Plan       -30,131      40,314      48,509                                           50,000
                 Rec Plan (1990)           30,131      47,474      -58,739

                                                                           Households"

                 Persons per Household       2.72       2.64        2.58        2.54                                 2.44
                 (HRPDQ

                 HRPDC Households          12,443      14,145      16,678      18,086
                 Comprehensive Plan        12,443 1 16,590         20,730   1            1           1           1 61,640

                 Households multiplied by person/household do not add up to the population because of a small
               percentage of population residing in group quarters.

                  By interpretation.

                   Derived using same annual rate from Plan for 1990-2010.








                            Employment

                            Historical employment figures and their projections by the HRPDC are
                            shown in Table 4. Their associated job to housing ratios are also shown' in
                            Table 4. HRPDC's projections, done in February, 1993, reflect recent
                            cutbacks in the military/industrial base of the region and anticipate a
                            generally slower pace of future growth than earlier projections.


                            Projections

                            Trend Projections

                            Housing projections were developed for Gloucester County based upon
                            Buildout for a Trend Rate and an Accelerated Growth Rate. Each of these
                            curves is roughly S-shaped. (See Figure 1) They reflect the typical pattern
                            of suburban growth which starts off somewhat slowly and then increases
                            rapidly before tapering off as development approaches buildout. The Trend
                            Growth line is based on approximately 414 units per year as an average
                            figure, the same as in the Comprehensive Plan of 1991. This is, however,
                            an average figure since at its peak growth will exceed this number but it will
                            slow down to considerably less than this number as buildout approaches.

                            This is almost double HRPDCIs annual rate of 225, but we believe it can be
                            justified on several grounds: a plentiful and cheap land supply and
                            affordable housing; simplicity of doing business in a generally pro-growth
                            atmosphere; new availability of sewer and water; the widened Coleman
                            Bridge; a future northern bridge crossing to Williamsburg; and a reputation
                            for good schools.

                            The housing projections to 2015 are shown in Table 5. Employment
                            projections utilize the jobs/housing ratios established in Table 4 and this
                            increases the employment figures through 2015 compared with HRPDC's.
                            The logic of interdependence between population and employment holds in
                            that most employment in Gloucester County will likely be service-oriented
                            and thus dependent on population growth.

                            Accelerated Growth

                            This scenario assumes that the widening to four lanes of the Coleman
                            Bridge, the availability of sewer and water, the County's low land costs and
                            the continued growth of jobs in the region will make Gloucester as attractive
                            to newly residential development as in the peak years of the '80's.
                            Potential growth will average 920 units per year but is at a slower rate than
                            this out to 2015. Employment growth will accelerate in the latter years of
                            this tirneframe as the local population base begins to support more local-


                                                                                                            9








                         serving employment uses and the labor force becomes large enough to
                         attract some new ind ustrial/manufactu ring uses.

                         Table 5 shows the results of the above two scenarios. Buildout would occur
                         within 60 years under the Accelerated scenario and within 110 years under
                         the Trend buildout.

                         Within these scenarios, the holding capacity of the Master Plan establishes
                         the final mix of Development District versus Rural housing. These
                         proportions (67 and 33% of the growth increment respectively) are held as
                         fixed points at buildout, and the current split between Rural and
                         Development District housing in 1990 is used as the beginning point. The
                         growth curves tie beginning and end points together as the Rural
                         component decreases compared to the Urban component over time. Thus
                         as the attached table indicates, the significant proportion in Rural
                         development in 1990 (55%) decreases to 52% in 2015 Trend and to 47% in
                         2015 Accelerated scenarios. The curve is set, however, to portray a rapid
                         absorption of rural lots in the next 25 years, mirroring the pattern of the
                         1980's. Thus, by 2015 Accelerated, 70% of the rural capacity has already
                         been absorbed, but only 38% of the Development District housing.

























                                                                                                   10







                 Table 4: Employment Projections by HRPDC


                                           1970              1980               1990              2000               2010             2015

                    Employees*             3,417             6,316             9,513            14,034            16,583              17,430

                    Households             4,732             7,500             11,077            14,              16,678              18,086

                    Jobs/Housing           0.72              0.84               0.85              0.99               0.99             0.96
                    Ratio          -1                 1                 1                 1                 1                  1

                    1990 data is from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

                 Table 5:            Gloucester County Growth Increments by Scenario



                                                                                                                     Total            Overall
                                                   1990             2000             2010             2015           Increment        Total

                    Trend Growth

                      *Population                  30,131           13,648           9,886            4,431          27,965           58,096
                      *Housing Units               12,443           4,140            4,140            2,070          10,350           22,793
                      Employment                   9,500            4,099            4,099            1,987          10,185           19,340
                      Jobs/Housing Ratio           0.85             0.99             0.99             0.96            0.98

                    Accelerated Growth

                      *Population                  30,131           27,007           22,437           10,450         59,894           90,925
                      *Housing Units               12,443           9,200            9,200            4,600          23,000           32,443
                      Employment                   9,500            9,108            9,108            5,060          23,368           29,820
                      Jobs/Housing Ratio           0.85             0.99             1.0              1.1             1.02

                    *Buildout

                      Population                   30,131                                                            132,833          162,964
                      Housing                      12,443                                                            60,309           72,752
                      Employment                   9,500
                      Jobs/Housing   Ratio         0.85
                                                                                                      ,(JID
                                                                                                      0


                                                                                                      )34


                                                                                                      45








                           Longer Term Growth and the Transportation Model

                           The Comprehensive Plan represents a an increase in capacity of about
                           183% to 285% over the 25 year trend and accelerated growth scenarios,
                           respectively. Comprehensive Plans typically provide for an "overage" of
                                                                 p
                           between 25-100% of their 20 year projections, i.e. for a 25-40 year period
                           so as to allow the free market to operate efficiently, to avoid raising the cost
                           of land by restricting its supply, to prevent large tract holders from
                           monopolizing and distorting the market and to account for the effects of
                           land held off the market. The safety factory or overage in the Gloucester
                           Comprehensive Plan is thus unusually large. If new zoning were approved
                           in accordance with this Plan, extensive and non-contiguous areas could be
                           developed throughout the Development District and rural areas.

                           The Comprehensive Plan requires a complementary transportation system
                           that will support this long term buildout at reasonable levels of service for
                           future traffic. Admittedly this is extreme crystal-ball gazing, but showing
                           what the transportation needs of the Plan as adopted are will be a useful
                           discipline. It will provide a more realistic appraisal of the land use plan; the
                           need for future roadways and their alignments can then more easily be
                           identified, the long term effect of the new northern crossing can be assessed
                           and the long term effectiveness of parallel connector roads for the
                           north/south corridor can be evaluated.

                           In the computer simulations, a buildout scenario will also be modeled to see
                           what light it can shed on current planning. In order to model the buildout
                           scenario, regional growth and trips will also be factored to a longer term
                           timeframe.


                           The Trend and Accelerated Scenarios will be modeled both with and
                           without the northern crossing to assess the effects of this bridge. The
                           Buildout will be modeled including the crossing only.


                           Sub-Area Allocations

                           The previous projections have dealt with growth on a County-wide basis.
                           As our earlier discussions of the Comprehensive Plan indicated, growth will
                           vary significantly by sub-area depending on- its land use designation,
                           environmental constraints and so forth.

                           The traffic model, in order to simulate future volumes at given points in the
                           road system, and in order to be sensitive to the effects of land Use change,


                                                                                                        12








                           divides the County into a large number of sub-areas called Transportation
                           Zones (TZ). Figure 2 shows these sub-areas. For each of these TZ's,
                           population, households and employment figures must be derived.

                           Using various existing data sources, the 1990 population and employment
                           figures were allocated to the 1990 TZ's. With these zone's holding capacity
                           as a backdrop, and recognizing existing development and population, the
                           Comprehensive Plan land use designations are used as a guide for future
                           sub-area allocations for Trend, Accelerated and Buildout scenarios.



                           Methodology for Allocating Growth to Transportation Zones

                           Residential Development

                           Residential allocations for the county were developed around two possible
                           growth scenarios for Gloucester County. These two scenarios were
                           concerned with the effects on County growth patterns with or without a
                           new bridge crossing of the York River, and, therefore were called "With
                           Northern Crossing" and "Without Northern Crossing". Both of these
                           scenarios were then developed under two different growth rates, "Trend"
                           and "Accelerated."

                           With Northern Crossing

                           This scenario operated under the assumption that growth would occur
                           evenly over the county, from north to south, because of new bridge crossing
                           would encourage growth in the northern part of the country. However, an
                           additional assumption was also made which stated that there would be a
                           tendency for the high-ameni!y areas of the county to develop at a quicker
                           rate than the rest of the county. For our purposes, we defined the "Amenity
                           Zones" as those traffic zones with substantial water frontage (see figure - ).
                           The remainder of the traffic zones were termed "Interior Zones". These
                           zones were also utilized in the "Without Northern Crossing" scenario.

                           By taking the total increment of build-out units in the amenity zones (18099
                           du) and dividing that number by the total increment of build-out units
                           county wide (60,309 du), the percentage of amenity zone units (30%) can
                           be applied to both the total Trend and Accelerated units to determine what
                           an even allocation of units to the Amenity Zones would be (.30 x 10,350 =
                           3,105 du and .30 x 23,000 = 6,900 du, respectively). These two numbers
                           were then factored by 140% (4347 du and 9660 du, respectively) to reflect


                                                                                                        13








                           a greater rate of growth within the Amenity Zones. Then, by subtracting the
                           Amenity allocation from the total allocation to the Interior areas could be
                           calculated. (6,003 du and 13,340 du, respectively).

                           The next step was to allocate these subtotals to each traffic zone. Keeping
                           the zones grouped in "Amenity" and "Interior", the build-out increment for
                           each zone is divided by the total build-out increment for Amenity or
                           Interior areas, and a percentage is therefore calculated for each zone. This
                           percentage is then multiplied by the total Amenity or Interior allocation to
                           give the specific traffic zone allocation.

                            Example:
                            TZ 438 is in the "Amenity" area, and has a total build-out growth
                            increment of 4,980 du. The total build-out growth increment for the
                            "Amenity" area equals 18,099 du. Therefore, 4,980 18,099 equals
                            27.5%. This percentage multiplied by the total Amenity allocations (4,347
                            du and 9,660 du) gives the specific allocation for TZ 438 (1,195 du, trend,
                            and 2,657 du, accelerated). These allocations are then added to the
                            existing units (250) for the final allocation for TZ 438 (1,445 du and 2,907
                            du, respectively).


                           Without Northern Crossing

                           This scenario is based on the assumption that without a new bridge crossing
                           of the York River, the southern portion of the county would grow more
                           rapidly than the northern portion of the county. The line separating the
                           northern traffic zones from the southern is shown in figure

                           Under this scenario, 60% of both the trend and accelerated scenarios is
                           allocated to the traffic zones in the south, and 40% to the north. This yields
                           the following breakdown:


                                              Trend        Accelerated

                           40% - North         4,140        9,200
                           60% - South         6,210        13,800
                               Total          10,350        23,000






                                                                                                    14








                         At this point, both the North and South zones are split into "Interior" and
                         "Amenity" areas, as in the 'With Northern Crossing" scenario. This split
                         results in the following figures:


                         North              Trend       Accelerated

                             Amenity        909         2020

                             Interior       3231        7180

                         South

                             Amenity        5239        9979

                             Interior       971         3821

                         There is one exception in the Amenity/interior split when compared to the
                         "With Northern Crossing" scenario, however, because the total build-out
                         increment of the South Amenity Zones is 11,681 du, a factor of 140%
                         applied to these zones brings the area to 99% of build-out. For this reason,
                         a factor of 120% was used instead in order to provide a more realistic
                         growth scenario for these zones.

                         Once these allocations were made, the same process is used as in the "With
                         Northern Crossing" scenario to allocate units to each zone, with the existing
                         units added at the end to provide the final allocation for each scenario.


                         Employment Development

                             [text to come]


















                                                                                             15






                               GLOUCESTER COUNTY
                               BUILD OUT - 2050 OR 2100


                                    Zone-                      DUs                          Population                      Employees

                                      278                                  1,089                           2,657
                                      306                                    147                             359
                                      307                                  5,5Z7                          13,486
                                      308                                    380                             927
                                      309                                  1,506                           3,675
                                      310                                  5,835                          14,2-37
                                      311                                  1,061                           2,589
                                      312                                  1,427                           3,482
                                      313                                    284                             693
                                      314                                    238                             581
                                      315                                    222                             542
                                      325                                       7.3                          178
                                      325                                    759                           1,852
                                      327                                  3,040                           7,418
                                      328                                  2,339                           5,707
                                      329                                    132                             322
                                      330                                    948                           2,313
                                      331                                  3,028                           7,388
                                      332                                    301                             734
                                      333                                  1,639                           3,999
                                      334                                    507                           1,237
                                      335                                  1,697                           4,141
                                      336                                  1,773                           4,326
                                      337                                    159                             388
                                      338                                  1,179                           2,877
                                      339                                    209                             510
                                      340                                  1,432                           3,494
                                      341                                  4,558                          11,122
                                      342                                    975                           2,379
                                      343                                  1,862                           4,54.1
                                      344                                    545                           1,330
                                      345                                  1,242                           3,030
                                      346                                    509                           1,242
                                      347                                    533                           1,301
                                      433                                  1,64.3                          4,009
                                      4.35                                   277                             676
                                      436                                  1,77.3                          4,326
                                      4.37                                   272                             664
                                      438                                  9,311                          22,719
                                      439                                    145                             354
                                      441                                    378                             922
                                      442                                  4,905                          11,968
                                      443                                  6,27.5                         15,311
                                      444                                  4,488                          10,9_51
                                      445                                  1,941                           4,7.-%
                                      446                                  1,717                           4,189
                                      447         1                        3,649,                          8,904,
                                TOTAL                                   83,9291                        204,7871






          GLOUCESTER COUNTY
          TREND GROWTH - 2015


                                               With Northern Crossing                                           Without Northern Crossing
                Zone                 DUs             Population             Employees                  DU's            Population             Employees

                 278                           289                 705                3,086                     277                   676               2960
                 306                           216                 527                    20                    24                    59                    20
                 307                       1,795                 4,380                    545                1,175                 2,867                    545
                 308                           185                 451                    29                    75                    183                   29
                 309                           978               2,386                    20                    686                1,674                    20
                 310                       2,084                 5,0&5                    236                1,7.30                4,221                    236
                 311                           552               1,347                    20                    341                   832                   20
                 312                       1,051                 2,564                    130                   247                   603                   230
                 313                           416               1,015                    128                   37                    90                    128
                 314                           185                 451                    47                    29                    71                    47
                 315                           294                 717                    25                    43                    105                   25
                 1125                          80                  195                    57                    19                    46                    67
                 326                           183                 447                    597                   193                   471                   607
                 327                           359                 876                    87                    774                1,889                    87
                 328                           321                 783                    451                   596                1,454                    504
                 329                           52                  127                    98                    45                    110                   126
                 330                           344                 839                    464                   245                   598                   600
                 331                           361                 881                1,822                     771                1,881                1129
                 332                           90                  220                    20                    106                   259                   20
                 333                           71                  173                    98                    425                1,037                    126
                 334                           124                 303                    87                    129                   315                   87
                 335                           214                 522                    513                   433                1,057                    663
                 336                           166                 405                    428                   452                1,10-3                   553
                 337                           41                  100                    20                    24                    59                    20
                 338                           105                 256                    376                   484                1,181                    477
                 339                           159                 388                    20                    34                    83                    20
                 340                           206                 503                    20                    386                   942                   20
                 341                           590               1,440                1,204                  1,16.1                2,838                1368
                 342                           72                  176                    595                   401                   978                   762
                 343                           179                 437                    548                   765                1,867                    681
                 344                           89                  217                    20                    186                   454                   20
                 345                           402                 981                    243                   876                2,137                    275
                 346                       1,235                 3,013                1,311                     359                   876               1471
                 347                           199                 486                    400                   136                   332                   274
                 433                       1,010                 2,464                    926                1,158                 2,826                1113
                 435                           578               1,410                1,298                     195                   476               1431
                 436                           821               2,00.3                   87                 1,250                 3,050                    87
                 437                           866               2,113                    476                   122                   298                   476
                 438                       1,122                 2,738                    132                6,56.5                16,019                   132
                 439                           352                 859                    20                    65                    159                   20
                 441                           391                 954                    20                    170                   415                   20
                 442                           833               2,033                    87                 1,698                 4,14.3                   87
                 443                           737               1,798                    803                2,578                 6,290                    959
                 444                           813               1,984                    87                 3,182                 7,764                    87
                 445                           742               1,810                    20                 1,596                 3,894                    20
                 446                           559               1,364                1,344                     432                1,054                    508
                 447                           385                 939                    87                 1,67.5                4,087                    87
           TOTAL                          22,896               55,866                19,252                 34,352               83,819                19,244






         GLOUCESTER COUNTY
         ACCELERATED GROWTH - 2015


                                               With Northern Crossing                                           Without Northern Crossing
               Zone                  DUs             Population I Employees                            DUs             Population            Employees

                 278                         432                1,054                3,708                      471               1,149                 3,124
                 306                         273                  666                     4                     49                  120                    47
                 307                       3,106                7,579                   572                     1724              4,207                    572
                 308                         211                  515                   56                      114                 278                    56
                 309                       1,316                3,211                   47                      852               2,079                    47
                 310                       3,820                9,321                   263                     2297              5,605                    263
                 311                         661                1,613                   47                      432               1,054                    47
                 312                       1,153                2,813                   257                     485               1,183                    257
                 313                         146                  356                   155                     68                  166                    155
                 314                         122                  298                   74                      55                  134                    74
                 315                         180                  439                   52                      79                  193                    52
                 325                           28                   68                  108                     25                    61                   122
                 326                         285                  695                   648                     264                 644                    662
                 327                       1,211                2,955                   200                     1060              2,586                    200
                 328                         932                2,274                   731                     816               1,991                    810
                 329                           84                 205                   234                     56                  137                    271
                 330                         471                1,149                1,110                      333                 813                 1,287
                 331                       1,206                2,94.3               4,267                      1056              2,577                 3,308
                 332                         193                  471                   47                      131                 320                    47
                 333                         429                1,047                   234                     579               1,413                    271
                 334                         202                  493                   200                     177                 432                    200
                 335                         676                1,649                1,026                      592               1,444                 1,695
                 336                         706                1,7B                 1,022                      618               1,508                 1,422
                 337                           81                 198                   47                      81                  198                    47
                 338                         597                1,457                   859                     778               1,898                    993
                 339                         108                  264                   47                      108                 264                    47
                 340                         407                  993                   47                      518               1,264                    47
                 341                       1,184                2,889                1,98.5                     1591              3,882                 2,201
                 342                         494                1,20.5               1,386                      644               1,571                 1,60.3
                 343                         944                2,30.3               1,185                      1230              3,001                 1,360
                 344                         167                  407                   47                      338                 825                    47
                 345                         861                2,101                   396                     1145              2,794                    438
                 346                         353                  861                2,07.5                     469               1,144                 2,286
                 347                         213                  520                1,022                      186                 454                    438
                 433                       1,139                2,779                1,817                      1515              3,697                 2,06.3
                 435                         192                  468                1,935                      255                 622                 2,110
                 436                       1,229                2,999                   200                     16-35             3,989                    200
                 437                         218                  532                   503                     232                 566                    503
                 438                       6,455                15,750                  159                     8585              20,947                   159
                 439                         116                  283                   47                      235                 573                    47
                 441                         .303                 739                   47                      434               1,059                    47
                 442                       1,791                4,370                   200                     2345              5,722                    200
                 443                       .3,180               7,759                1,54.3                     4144              10,111                1,74-5
                 444                       1,455                3,550                   200                     4143              10,109                   200
                 445                       1,816                4,431                   200                     1850              4,514                    200
                 446                         '779               1,901                1,307                      594               1,449                 1,097
                 447         1               '707               1,72.5  1               200, 1                  19241             4,69.5 1                 200
           TOTAL                        42,632 1             104,0221              32,51611               47,3121             115,4411                33,267









                                                           EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS






           Indicates that Totat Number Has Changed


       THESE ARE ONLY ONES CORRECTED:


       TREND GROWTH 2015 W N. CROSSING


            TZ       GOV'T       MFG        HISC    OFF/SERV.   RETAIL      TOTAL

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------
         Strip        5%         5%         10%       45%        35%        100%

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------

             326            2          2        25         530        38         597
             328          14         14         75         163       185         451
             341         198         67       101          466       172      1004*
             345          22         22                    62        293      "3*
             3"           31                  283          453       500      1311
             433          58         97       209          426       136         926
             "3           27         36       189          310       250         803


          Mfg.        0%         70%        15%       10%          5%       100%

       ----------   ...........................................................

             446            0      M.         377          215        66      1431


         Downtown     45%        0%          5%       30%        20%        100%

       ----------  ---------------------------------     .........................

             278         1784        68       273        .426        535      3086
             347         115           0        42         186        57         400


        Rurat DD      0%         0%          2%       30%        68%        100%

       ----------   ---------------- I ..........................................

             327            0          0          1        70         16         87
             446            0          0      213          130        69         412


         Rurat        0%         5%          5%       35%        55%        100%

       ---------------------------   - -----------------------------------------

             307          52         90         97         261        45         545
             310            0          11       17         200        18         236
             312            0          3      199          14         14         230
             313            0          1        82           7        38         128
             437            0        42       412            8        14         476
             438            0          1          1        73         57         132
















            Indicates that Total, Nunber Has Changed


       THESE ARE ONLY ONES CORRECTED:


       TREND GROWTH 2015 W/O N. CROSSING


            TZ       GOV'T        MFG       HISC    OFF/SERV.     RETAIL     TOTAL

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------
          Strip        5%         5%        10%        45%        35%        100%

       ----------------------------     I..........................................

               326          2        2.3          4       536          47         607
               341       220         99        152        622        275       1368
               345          6           6       12        116        335       475*
               346        29         42        279        436        485       1271*
               433        41         82        203        486        301       1113
               443        34         43        204        373        305          959


           Mfg.        0%         70%       15%        10%          5%       100%

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------

               446          0       255        266        141          29         691


         Downtown     45%         0%          5%       30%        20%        100%

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------

               278       1728        613       267        387        510       2960
               347        58            1)      35        149          32         274


        Rurat DO       0%         0%          2%       30%        68%        100%

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------

               327          0           1)        1         70         16         87


          RuraL        0%         5%          5%       35%        55%        100%

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------

               307        52         90         97        261          45         545
               310          0                   17        200          18         236
               312          0           3      199           14        14         230
               313          0           11      82            7        38         128
               437          0        42        412            8        14         476
               438          0           1         1         73         57         132















           Indicates that Total Number Has Changed


       THESE ARE ONLY ONES CORRECTED:


       ACCELERATED GROWTH - 2015 W N. CROSSING


            TZ      GOV'T        MFG        HISC   OFF/SERV.     RETAIL     TOTAL

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------
          Strip       5%         5%         10%       45%        35%        100%

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------

              326          4        25          9         554         56         648
              341        247       126        209         907        496      1985
              345          3          2         5          79        307         396
              346        28         46        285         453        499      1311
              433        32         T;        184         402        235         926


           Mfg.       0%         70%        15%       10%          5%       100%

       ---------------------------    ---------------------------------     --------

              "6           0       12ri       484         286        102      2147


         Downtown     45%        0%          5%       30%        20%        100%

       ---------------------------    ----------------   -------------------------

              278       1802        68        275         437        542      3124
 0            347        131          0                   198         65         438
        Rurat DO      0%         0%          2%       30%        68%        100%

       --------------------------------------------     ----------------    ........

              327          0          0         3         104         93         200


          Rural       0%         5%          5%       35%        55%        100%

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------

              307        52         92          98        270         60         572
              310          0          3         18        209         33         263
              312          0          4       203          21         29         257
              313          0          3         83         16         53         155
              437          0        43        412          19         29         503
              438          0          3         3          81         72         159
















            Indicates that Totat Number Has Changed


        THESE ARE ONLY ONES CORRECTED:


        ACCELERATED GROWTH - 2015 W/O N. CROSSING


             TZ       GOV'T        MFG        MISC    OFF/SERV.     RETAIL     TOTAL

        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
           Strip        5%         5%         10%        45%        35%         100%

        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
               326           5        26          10        560           61        662
               341         260       136         231        1002        572        2201
               345           5          5         10          97        321         438


            Mfg.        0%         70%        -15%       10%          5%        100%

        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
               446           0       539         327        181           50       1097


         Downtown      45%         0%          5%        30%        20%         100%

        ......................................................................

               278        1802        68         275        437         542        3124
               347         131          0                   198           65        438


         Rural, DD      0%         0%          2%        30%        68%         100%

        -------------------------------------------------------------           --------

               327           0          0           3       104           93        200


           Rurat        0%         5%          5%        35%        55%         100%

        ----------------------------------------------------------------------

               307         52         92          98        270           60        572
               310           0          3         18        209           33        263
               312           0          4        203          21          29        257
               313           0          3         83          16          53        155
               437           0        415        412          19          29        503
               438           0                      3         81          72        159
                                        3
















           Indicates that Totat Number Has CharVed


       THESE ARE ONLY ONES CORRECTED:



       BUILD(XJT


            TZ       GOV'T       MFG        MISC   OFF/SERV.   RETAIL      TOTAL

       ----------------------------   ------------------------------------------
         Strip         5%         5%        10%       45%         35%       100%

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------

              341       229        108        182        818        427       1764
              345         .5          5        10        100        321        "1
              346         51        &@        326        662        661       1764
              443         52        62        242        535        432       1323


         Downtown     45%         0%         5%       30%         20%       100%

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------

              278       1852        68        306        388        586      3200*
              347       149           1)       45        209          71      474*


         Rurat         0%         5%         2%       30%         68%       100%

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------

              307         52        94         88        361        272        867
              310          0          0        19        238        110        367
              312          0          1)      199          54       114        367
              313          0          0        86          78       203        367
              437          0        40        415          80       la2        717























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              IV. WATER RESOURCE &
                 PUBLIC FACILITY
                 PLANNING
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                   In the process of finalizing and adopting Gloucester County's 1991
              Comprehensive Plan, it became clear that the transportation section lacked
              the detail necessary to help implement the Plan's ambitious goals.          Quite
              simply, the land use debate had occupied most     *of the planning team's time,
              and transportation did not receive the attention it warranted.      This is not
              to criticize the team's effort; they prioritized the land use issue at a time
              when frantic growth necessitated responsible land use policies. Lacking the
              time required to complete a detailed transportation plan, the team developed
              a skeletal framework of much needed, large scale improvements.          In this
              context, planners decided that transportation would be the focus of the first
              major Comprehensive Plan amendment after adoption.

                   The initial subject of the renewed transportation debate quickly became
              the issue of congestion on Route 17 at Gloucester Point. A disjointed system

              of local roads in the area mandates that all local traffic utilize the

              already burdened arterial highway. Citizens and planning staff proposed a
              series of local connector roads, designed to provide residents an alternative
              local route.   As planners began to consider alternative alignments for these
              new roads, they noticed that certain alignments crossed natural drainage
              systems, in a manner which suggested use of the roads as stormwater
              impoundment structures.      This coincidence was not forgotten as the County
              considered options for developing an overall Transportation Plan.
                   Therefore, when the County decided to hire consultants to perform a
              Comprehensive Stormwater Management Study, transportation (and land use, as
              detailed in the previous section) was built into the bargain.                 The

              connections became almost circular, and planners found it critically
              important to chose a consultant team with demonstrated ability to deal with
              all three issues.   Gloucester selected a team composed of three separate
              firms, one with expertise in each area. This decision meant that each topic
              would receive the attention to detail that the project required.              The
              approach did have certain drawbacks, however, because dealing with three
              firms meant that communication occasionally faltered.     These problems were
              for the most part overcome, and the net result of the project is that
              transportation, land use, and stormwater management will now be treated as
              one issue in Gloucester County.
                  Dedication to this approach means that stormwater management concerns
              will factor into all of Gloucester's comprehensive planning activities. In
              practical terms, it means that when planning a transportation facility,











             school, or other public facility, the County will consider the stormwater
             management opportunities that exist in the immediate area.         If feasible
             watershed-scale management possibilities present themselves, facility design
             should attempt to preserve such opportunities.     In this way, options will
             remain open, should a major facility become the most practicable management
             strategy in a particular watershed.      This is not to imply that regional
             utility-sized retention basins will be constructed wherever a new road is
             built. It does, however,   mean that where location of such a facility seems
             physically possible and consistent with Gloucester's overall stormwater
             management strategy, that  opportunity should be preserved.
                  The planning effort   detailed in this manual has put in motion a process
             designed to accomplish    those goals.    By identifying the strengths and
             weaknesses of the County's current Transportation Plan (with the assistance
             of a computer model), consultants have developed several alternative
             transportation scenarios which build upon the existing skeletal network. It
             is important to note that although the process treats public facilities
             planning and stormwater management planning as inextricably linked, facility
             siting has come first.     The reasons for this become obvious when one
             considers the factors which drive the process.
                 The designation of public facility locations and right of way corridors
             is one of the strongest planning tools available to localities. Once these
             locations become part of the Comprehensive Plan, they become powerful
             negotiating tools during development review. This fact helps explain why
             Gloucester hopes to preserve stormwater management opportunities at the
             comprehensive planning stage, and it underscores the reason why facility
             siting occurs prior to stormwater management consideration.      Transportation
             corridors, for example, will be identified based on Gloucester land use goals
             and needs.  Once planners identify a particular corridor, they can then
             analyze the stormwater management opportunities presented by that corridor.
             Corridor alteration may be necessary to utilize such opportunities, ensuring
             that transportation and 3tormwater goals are met. As these new corridors
             become part of the Comprehensive Plan, so will the stormwater catchment
             opportunities.    Thus, during analysis of development proposals, siting of
             stormwater management facilities will carry the same weight as does siting of
             other public facilities.
                 It is too early to discuss implementation of this concept.     Nonetheless,
             Gloucester has taken a critical first step for a rural jurisdiction










             attempting to develop a Comprehensive Stormwater Management Strategy.     For
             the strategy to prove successful, the County will have to remain committed to
             treating water resource planning and public facilities planning as integrated
             processes.   As stated above, the goal is to keep options alive, and not to
             forego practicable stormwater catchment opportunities during the development
             process.   As Gloucester continues to grow, this approach will become

             increasingly important.
















                                     DRAFT
                       Comprehensive Plan Amendment

                            Stormwater Management


                              Gloucester County, Virginia
                                     March 1994
















                               VCRMP Grant Program
                                    FY 1992-1993





                         This document was funded, in part, by the Virginia Council on the Environmenes Coastal Resources
            A I.,
              W)         Managment Program through Grant # NA270ZO312-01 of the National Oceanic and Atornspheric
              ho..@      Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, under the Coastal Zone
            <I           Management Act of 1972 as 2mended.










           To BE INSERTED IN THE NATURAL RESOURCES SECTION OF THE GLOUCESTER COUMY
           COMPREHENSIVE PLAN: NARRATIVE AT THE BOTTOM OF-PAGE 153, IMEMENrATION
           RECOMMENDATIONS ON ME 174 ABOVE THE CHAPrER SUMMY.


                                      STOIMATER MANAGEMENr

           Over the past several years, the subject of stormwater management has
           received increasing attention at the federal, state, and local levels.
           Numerous scientific investigations have identified stormwater runoff (rain
           that drains off of land into water) as a prime contributor to water
           pollution. Such studies have concluded that water draining from developed
           areas carries with it increased amounts of sediment and pollutants. This
           type of pollution, which does not originate fram a single source, is called
           non-point source pollution, and has become the focus of environmental
           programs aimed at protecting and improving water resources. Whereas past
           stormwater programs sought to control only the quantity of runoff, recent
           initiatives have attempted to address water quality as well.

           As Gloucester County continues to grow, managing the quality and quantity of
           stormwater runoff will prove increasingly important ... and increasingly
           difficult. This Plan seeks to concentrate future development in areas where
           public facilities, such as sewer and water, are available, while preserving
           the County's rural character. This growth management strategy will ensure
           orderly development over the next twenty years, but it will also intensify
           the problems associated with stormwater runoff. As densities within the
           Development District increase, greater quantities of runoff, carrying higher
           pollutant loads, will result; effective stormwater planning thus becomes
           imperative. Furthermore, a comprehensive stormwater strategy will enhance
           Gloucester's ability to meet state and federal stormwater management
           mandates. Actually, stormwater management considerations are inherent in
           this Plan; this section will reiterate and clarify certain aspects of the
           Plan, and will outline the objectives of Gloucester's stormwater management
           strategy.

           Perhaps the most significant water quality feature of the Plan is the
           overriding goal of preserving the natural and rural qualities of the
           northern and eastern portions of the County. These areas irrpact directly on
           the bulk of Gloucester's water resources, including the Beaverdam Reservoir,
           the Poropotank River, the Dragon Run, and the extensive wetlands of the
           Mobjack Bay system.      By concentrating growth within the Development
           District, this Plan will help preserve the forests, wetlands, and riparian
           systems of Gloucester's rural Countryside, allowing them to perform their
           natural stornwater management functions (for a more complete explanation of
           these functions, see the wetlands and Chesapeake Bay sections of the Plan).

           As for those areas where development is encouraged, this Plan anticipates
           the need for large scale regional or sub-watershed stormwater management
           devices. These facilities will become part of the system of utilities and
           services which make the Development District the most appropriate location
           for growth. All such utilities, taken together, will form Gloucester's
           water quality management program; by encouraging new and existing
           development to utilize services such as public water and sewer, the problems
           associated with failing septic systems and increasing groundwater
           withdrawals diminish. Growth management and storTrwater management thus   act
           in tandem to protect Gloucester's water resources.








          Finally, this Plan treats stornwater management as a quality of life issue.
          Effectively managing stormwater runoff will prevent loss of life and
          property attributable to flooding. Also, by preserving and improving water
          quality within the County, Gloucester can sustain its close ties to the
          Chesapeake Bay system, and remain an attractive place to live.

          The overall goal of Gloucester's stormwater strategy is to manage the
          quality and quantity of stornwater runoff in an efficient and sustainable
          manner. Meeting this broad goal will require the participation of a wide
          array of interests, including citizens, developers, County staff, and state
          and federal agencies.    It will also involve enactment of several specific
          objectives. Perhaps most inportantly, Gloucester's stornwater strategy will
          involve accounting for varying slopes, soil types, vegetative conditions,.
          and development conditions. Each of these factors impacts significantly
          upon stormwater management techniques. Due to their specific nature,
          recognition must be given to the fact that treatment methods may vary,
          depending on the condition of a given watershed. Gloucester's program
          should allow significant flexibility, as long as baseline standards are met
          or exceeded.

          The recognized need to treat stornwater on a watershed basis has driven the
          effort, now underway, to identify watershed boundaries within the
          Development District. Such identification is the first step toward a
          coordinated program which eliminates the problems associated with on-site
          management. Those problems, which have begun to manifest themselves in
          Gloucester County, include: insufficient long term maintenance; lack of
          adequate space and topography; insufficient soil conditions; and
          underestimation of off-site impacts. A watershed approach will help address
          these issues. Furthermore, watershed identification will facilitate efforts
          to locate stormwater management opportunities early in the planning process.
          By incorporating stormwater planning into its land use and transportation
          planning, the County will be able to preserve the most appropriate facility
          locations, and eliminate the confusion associated with "after the fact"
          stormwater planning.

          In terms of funding methods for constructing and maintaining a system of
          stormwater management facilities, a wide range of options exist. These
          range from general fund allocations to establishment of a stornwater utility
          system. The utility option became available to localities through action of
          the General Assembly in 1991. Several localities in Hampton Roads have
          chosen this route to fund stormwater management operations, and it appears
          to be an attractive alternative. Potential difficulties exist, however,
          with the administration of a nEw utility system. Gloucester is currently
          investigating its options to determine the best method or combination of
          methods for funding a stormwater management system. The County should
          choose the method or methods which offer the most equitable and flexible
          guidelines, while ensuring a secure source of maintenance funds.

          For the Comprehensive Plan to prove successful, efficient stormwater
          management must become an integral part of Gloucester's overall growth
          management strategy. As Gloucester continues to develop, and as the
          Development District becomes the focus of growth, managing runoff from
          inrervious cover will become more important. Among other factors discussed
          throughout this document, stormwater management should become a growth
          management consideration. That is, grcwth should only be encouraged where
          stormwater solutions exist prior to development. This approach will help









           preserve life, property, the environment, and the overall quality of life in
           Gloucester County.


           Implementation Recommendations:

           ï¿½ Adopt and/or amend development ordinances which ensure that land use
             intensities are guided by the adequacy of the storm drainage system to
             remove runoff without endangering persons, property, or the environment.

           ï¿½ Identify drainage basins throughout the Development District, and identify
             the most appropriate stornwater management technique(s) for each.

           ï¿½ Where possible, preserve stormwater management opportunities prior to
             development proposals.

           ï¿½ Develop a Countywide stornwater management plan.

           ï¿½ Investigate options for funding a stormwater management system and
             incorporate the findings into a stormwater management plan.

           ï¿½ Establish stormwater runoff control standards for all new development to
             prevent increases in sediment, pollutant, and toxic loadings. These
             standards will serve to minimize or eliminate the need for structural
             stormwater management devices, and should include minimizing impervious
             cover, preserving open space systems, and utilizing alternative paving
             techniques.






























                                               DRAFT









                           STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE FOR
                                  GLOUCESTER COUNTY, VIRGINIA











            This docunent was funded, in part, by the Virginia Department of
            Environmental Quality's Coastal Resources Management Program
            through Grant #NA270Z0312-01 of the National Oceanic and
            Atmospheric Adninistration ' Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
                                                                                   in
            Management, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 as
            amended.




            January 14, 1994









                                                           SECTION 1



                                                    GENERAL PROVISIONS





                1.1 STATUTORY AUTHORITY
                The Stormwater Management Act, ï¿½ 10.1-603 et seq. of the Code of Virginia, enables localities
                to prepare and adopt a stormwater management plan and implementing ordinance.




                1.2 FINDINGS OF FACT
                The waters and waterways within Gloucester County are at times subjected to flooding; that such
                flooding is a danger to the lives and property of the public; that such flooding is also a danger
                to the natural resources of the Gloucester County; that development tends to accentuate such
                flooding by increasing stormwater runoff, due to alteration of the hydrologic response of the
                watershed in changing from an undeveloped. to a developed condition; that such increased
                flooding produced by the development of real property contributes increased quantities of water-
                borne, pollutants, and tends to increase channel erosion; that such increased flooding, increased
                erosion, and increased pollution constitutes deterioration of the water resources of Gloucester
                County; and that such increased flooding, increased erosion and increased pollution can be
                controlled to some extent by the regulation of stormwater runoff from such development.
                Therefore, it is determined that it is in the public interest to establish requirements to regulate
                the discharge of stormwater runoff from such developments as provided in this ordinance.




                1.3     PURPOSE
                It is the purpose of this ordinance to establish minimum stormwater management requirements

                and controls:



                1.      To reduce flood damage to public health, life, and property;




                                                                 1









              2.      To minimize increased stormwater runoff from new land development where such runoff
                      will increase flood damage;


              3.      To maintain the adequacy of existing and proposed culverts and bridges, dams and other

                      structures;



              4.      To prevent, to the greatest extent feasible, an increase in nonpoint source pollution;


              5.      To maintain the integrity of stream channels for their biological functions, as well as for
                      drainage and other purposes;


              6.      To reduce the impact of development upon stream erosion; and


              7.      To preserve and protect water supply facilities and water resources by means of
                      controlling increased flood discharges, stream erosion, and nonpoint source pollution.




              1.4 PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
              Gloucester County designates the Director, Department of Community Development as the
              program administrator.




              1.5     APPLICABILITY
              A.      Except as provided for in ï¿½ 1.5.B. of this ordinance, all land development projects shall
              comply with the requirements of this ordinance.


              B.      The following activities are exempt from this ordinance:


                      1.     Permitted surface or deep mining operations and projects, or oil and gas operations
                      and projects conducted under the provisions of Title 45.1 of the Code of Virginia.


                      2.     Tilling, planting or harvesting of agricultural, horticultural, or forest crops.

                                                              2








                       3.     Single-family residences separately built and not part of a subdivision, including
                       additions or modifications to existing single-family detached residential structures.


                       4.     Land development projects that disturb less than one acre of land area. (NOTE:
                       THIS COULD BE SMALLER OR CONTAIN CONDITIONS.)


                       5.     State projects as defined in this ordinance.




               1.6' COMPATIBILITY WITH OTBER PERMIT AND ORDINANCE REQUIREMENTS
               Approvals issued pursuant to this ordinance do not relieve the applicant of the responsibility to
               secure required permits or approvals for activities regulated by any other applicable code, rule,
               act or ordinance. If more stringent requirements concerning regulation of stormwater are
               contained in the other code, rule, act or ordinance, the more stringent regulation shall apply.
               Provisions in the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Ordinance (Chapter 5.5) and Erosion and
               Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 7.5) of Gloucester County are part of this ordinance.




               1.7 SEVERABILITY
               If the provisions of any article, section, subsection, paragraph, subdivision or clause of this
               ordinance shall be judged invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, such order or judgement
               shall not affect or invalidate the remainder of any article, section, subsection, paragraph,
               subdivision or clause of this ordinance.



















                                                               3










                                                         SECTION 2



                                                       DEFINITIONS




               Unless specifically defined below, words or phrases used in this ordinance shall be interpreted
               so as to give them the meaning they have in common usage and to give this ordinance its most
               reasonable application.


                       "Adequate channel" means a channel that will convey the designated frequency storm
               event without overtopping the channel banks nor causing erosive damage to the channel bed or

               banks.


                       ',Applicant" means any person submitting a stormwater management plan for approval.


                       "Channel" means a natural stream or manmade waterway.


                       "County" means Gloucester County.


                       "Development" means a tract of land developed or to be developed as a unit under single
               ownership or unified control which is to be used for any business or industrial purpose or is to
               contain three or more residential dwelling units.


                       "Flooding" means a volume of water that is too great to be confined within the banks or
               walls of the stream, water body or conveyance system and that overflows onto adjacent lands,
               causing or threatening damage.


                       "Floodplain" means those areas adjoining a river, stream, channel, ocean, bay or lake
               which are likely to be covered by flooding.


                       "Infiltration facility" means a stormwater management facility which temporarily
               impounds runoff and discharges it via infiltration through the surrounding soil. While an

                                                              4








               infiltration facility may also be equipped with an outlet structure to discharge impounded runoff,
               such discharge is normally reserved for overflow and other emergency conditions. Since an
               infiltration facility impounds runoff only temporarily, it is normally dry during non-rainfall
               periods.


                       "Inspection" means an on-site review of the project's compliance with the approved plan,
               the local stormwater management program, and any applicable design criteria.


                       "Land development" or "land development project" means a manmade change to the land
               surface that potentially changes its runoff characteristics.


                       "Local stormwater management program" or "local program" means a statement of the
               various methods employed by a locality to manage the runoff from land development projects
               and may include such items as local ordinances, policies and guidelines, technical materials,
               inspections, enforcement and evaluation.


                       "Locality" means a county, city, or town.


                       "Nonpoint source pollution" means pollution whose sources cannot be pinpointed but
               rather is washed from the land surface in a diffuse manner by stormwater runoff.


                       "Onsite stormwater management facilities" means facilities which are designed to control
               stormwater runoff emanating from a specific site.


                       "Person" means any individual, partnership, firm, association, joint venture, public or
               private corporation, trust, estate, commission, board, public or private institution, utility,
               cooperative, county, city, town or other political subdivision of the Commonwealth, any interstate
               body or any other legal entity.


                       "Post-development" refers to conditions that reasonably may be expected or anticipated
               to exist after completion of the land development activity on a specific site or tract of land.



                                                                5








                      "Pre-development" refers to the land use that exists at the time that plans for the land
              development are submitted to the locality. Where phased development or plan approval occurs
              (preliminary grading, roads and utilities, etc.), the existing land use at the time the first item is
              submitted shall establish pre-development conditions.


                      "Regional (watershed wide) stormwater management facility" or "regional facility" means
              a facility or series of facilities designed to control stormwater runoff from a large contributing
              area, although only portions of the watershed may experience land development. (NOTE:
              SHOULD WE DEFINE "LARGE".)


                      "Regional stormwater management plan" or "regional plan" means a document containing
              material describing how runoff from open space, existing development and future planned
              development areas within a watershed will be controlled by coordinated design and
              implementation of regional stormwater management facilities.


                      "Runoff' or "stormwater runoff' means that portion of precipitation that is discharged
              across the land surface or through conveyances to one or more waterways.


                      "State project" means the construction of any facility or expansion of an existing facility
              including, but not limited to land clearing, soil movement, or land development, which is
              undertaken by any state agency, board, commission, authority or any branch of state government,
              including state supported institutions of higher learning.


                      "Stormwater detention basin" or "detention basin" means a stormwater management
              facility which temporarily impounds runoff and discharges it through a hydraulic outlet structure
              to a downstream conveyance system. While a certain amount of outflow may also occur via
              infiltration through the surrounding soil, such amounts are negligible when compared to the outlet
              structure discharge rates and are, therefore, not considered in the facility's design. Since a
              detention facility impounds; runoff only temporarily, it is normally dry during non-rainfall periods.





                                                                6








                      "Stormwater management facility" means a device that controls stormwater runoff and
               changes the characteristics of that runoff including, but not limited to, the quantity and quality,
               the period of release or the velocity of flow.


                      "Stormwater management plan" or "plan" means a document containing material for
               describing how existing runoff characteristics will be maintained by a land development
               project and comply with the requirements of this ordinance.


                      "Stormwater retention basin" or "retention basin" means a stormwater management facility
               which, similar to a detention basin, temporarily impounds runoff and discharges its outflow
               through a hydraulic outlet structure to a downstream conveyance system. Unlike a detention
               basin, however, a retention basin also includes a permanent impoundment and, therefore, is
               normally wet, even during non-rainfall periods. Storm runoff inflows are temporarily stored
               above this permanent impoundment.


                      "Subdivision" means the division of a parcel of land into three or more lots or parcels of
               less than five acres each for the purpose of transfer of ownership or building development, or,
               if a new street is involved in such division, any division of a parcel of land. The term includes
               resubdivision and, when appropriate to the context, shall relate to the process of subdividing or
               to the land subdivided.


                      "Water quality volume" means the volume equal to the first 0.5 inch of runoff multiplied
               by the total impervious area of the land development project.


                      "Watershed" means the total drainage area contributing runoff to a single point.












                                                                7










                                                         SECTION 3



                                                  TECHNICAL CRITERIA




              Each proposed land development project not exempted from this ordinance as provided in ï¿½ 1.5.B
              shall meet the following stormwater management criteria.


              3.1 QUANTITY CONTROL
              A.      A stormwater management plan for a land development project shall be developed so that
              from the site, the post-development peak runoff rates from a two-year storm and a 10-year storm,
              considered individually, shall not exceed their respective pre-development rates.


              B.      These design storms shall be defined as either a 24-hour storm using the rainfall
              distribution recommended by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service when using U.S. Soil
              Conservation Service methods or as the storm of critical duration that produces the greatest
              required storage volume at the site when using a design method such as the Rational Method.


              C.      For purposes of computing runoff, all lands in the site shall be assumed prior to
              development to be in good condition (if the lands are pastures, lawns, or parks), with good cover
              (if the lands are woods), or with conservation treatment (if the lands are cultivated); regardless
              of conditions existing at the time of computation.




              3.2 QUALIW CONTROL
              In order to enhance water quality of stormwater runoff, all stormwater management plans must
              provide for the control of the water quality volume. The water quality volume shall be treated
              by one of the following methods.


              A.      For a detention basin, the water quality volume shall be detained and released over 30

              hours.




                                                               8








                       1.     The detention time is a brim-drawdown time and therefore, shall begin at the time
                       of peak storage of the water quality volume in the detention basin.


                       2.     If the above requirement would result in an outlet opening smaller than three
                       inches in diameter or the equivalent cross sectional area, the period of detention shall be
                       waived so that three inches will be the minimum outlet opening used.


                       (NOTE: TBESE CRITERIA ARE CURRENTLY BEING REVISED BY THE STATE.)


               B.      For a retention basin, the volume of the permanent pool must be at least three times
               greater than the water quality volume. The shape of the pond shall be to avoid short-circuiting
               by maximizing the distance between the pond inlet(s) and outlet. Length to width ratio of 3:1
               or greater shall be provided.


               C.      For an infiltration facility, the water quality volume must be completely infiltrated within
               48 hours.


 Is                    1.     The invert of the infiltration facility must be at least four feet above the seasonal
                       high groundwater elevation or continuous clay lens.


                       2.     A detailed soils analysis and report shall be required at the location of the
                       infiltration facility. The report shall contain adequate information to demonstrate that the
                       infiltration facility is feasible.


                       3.     Approvals will be on a case-by-case basis after technical review by the County.
                       The objective of this review will be to avoid groundwater contamination and verify
                       adequate operation of the infiltration facility.


               D.      Design calculations verifying compliance with the water quality requirements shall be
               submitted.









                3.3 REGIONAL STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
                If a regional stormwater management plan prepared in accordance with the State Stormwater
                Management Regulations, has been adopted by the County for the watershed in which the
                proposed land development is located, the applicant shall comply with the requirements of the
                regional watershed plan.




                3.4 GENERAL CRITERIA
                A.      Proposed residential, commercial, or industrial subdivisions shall apply these stormwater
                management criteria to the land development as a whole. Individual lots in new subdivisions
                shall not be considered separate land development projects, but rather the entire subdivision shall
                be considered a single land development project. Hydrologic parameters shall reflect the ultimate
                land development and shall be used in all engineering calculations.


                B.      Construction of stormwater management facilities or modifications to channels shall
                comply with all applicable laws and regulations. Evidence of approval of all necessary permits
                shall be presented at the time application for the land disturbance permit is made.


                C.      Pre-development and post-development runoff rates shall be verified by calculations that
                are consistent with good engineering practices and that are acceptable to the County. Calculation
                procedures are contained in TR-20 and TR-55 manuals.


                D.      The design of impounding structures that are not covered by the Virginia Dam Safety
                Regulations shall be checked by the applicant for structural integrity and floodplain impacts for
                the 100-year storm event.


                E.      Outflows from a stormwater management facility shall be discharged to an adequate
                channel, or velocity dissipators; shall be placed at the outfall of all detention and retention basins
                and along the length of any outfall. channel as necessary to provide a non-erosive velocity of flow
                from the basin to a channel.






                                                                  10








               F.      Land development projects must comply with the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control
               Act and attendant regulations.


               G.      Safety measures should be incorporated into the design of all stormwater management
               facilities. These may include but are not limited to, safety ledges, fencing, warning signs, anti-
               vortex devices, staff gages indicating depth at the lowest point, and outlet structures designed to
               limit public access.


               H.      If stormwater management facilities are provided through which water passes at times
               other than following rainfall, the County Engineer shall be consulted concerning design criteria.
               It is necessary for detention requirements to be met, despite the necessity of passing certain low
               flows. This applies to all onstrearn or online stormwater management facilities.


               I.      Outlets from stormwater management facilities shall be designed to function without
               manual, electrical or mechanical controls, unless otherwise approved by the County Engineer.


               J.      Detention facilities shall be designed to minimize propagation of insects, particularly
               mosquitos.




               3.5 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES IN FLOODPLAINS
               A.      New construction, including construction of onsite storrawater management facilities,
               should be avoided in floodplains. When this is unavoidable, a special examination to determine
               adequacy of proposed stormwater management facilities during the 10-year flood shall be
               required.


                       NOTE: The purpose of this analysis is to ensure that the stormwater management facility
                       will operate effectively and to evaluate the effect the stormwater management facility may
                       have on the available floodplain storage. One acceptable method is to apply the 10-year
                       design storm to both the site and to the entire watershed contributing to the floodplain,
                       assuming that the two peak simultaneously at the point in question. The time of








                       concentration assumed for the entire watershed should be that appropriate to the larger
                       area, rather than the shorter period applicable to the site.


                B.     In addition, such construction shall be in compliance with all applicable regulations under
                the National Flood Insurance Program and the County Floodplain Ordinance.





                3.6 NONSTRUCTURAL MEASURES
                It is not necessary that basic requirements for water quality and quantity control be satisfied
                solely by means of structural methods. Non-structural practices including, but not limited to,
                cluster land use development, minimization of impervious surface and curbing requirements, open
                space acquisition, floodplain management, and protection of wetlands, steep slopes and vegetation
                should be coordinated with structural requirements.




























                                                                12









                                                           SECTION 4



                                 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN REQUIREMENTS




               4.1     GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
               A.      Except as provided for in ï¿½ 1.5.B of this ordinance, no grading, building, or other permit
               shall be issued for land development unless a stormwater management plan has been submitted
               to, and approved by, the County.


               B.      The applicant shall demonstrate that the project meets the criteria set forth in this
               ordinance.


               C.      Failure of the applicant to demonstrate that the project meets the criteria set forth in this
               ordinance shall be reason to deny the applicant's underlying application for approval.




               4.2 PLAN SUBMISSION
               A.      The applicant shall submit the material required in a stormwater management plan in
               accordance with ï¿½ 4.3 of this ordinance.


               B.      Four (4) copies of the stormwater management plan shall be submitted.


               C.      Fee (input from County).




               4.3     STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
               The following information, where applicable, shall be required for each proposed project subject
               to review under this ordinance. Maps, plans, designs and calculations shall be certified by a
               professional engineer or Class III B surveyor.


               A.      General


                                                                 13








                       1.     Name, address and phone number of the person (see definition).


                       2.     General description of the project.


                       3.     General description of the erosion and sediment controls.


                       4.     General description of temporary and permanent stormwater management facilities.


                       5.     Project schedule, including a sequence of construction.


               B .     Maps of the project area showing:


                       1 .    The boundary of the drainage area tributary to the project site.


                       .2.    The location of the project relative to significant features in the general
                       surroundings such as roads, pedestrian ways, access to the site, adjacent land uses,
                       property lines, existing manmade structures, public facilities, landmarks, and places of
                       architectural and historical significance.


                       3.     Existing contours at 2-foot intervals, extending a minimum of 100 feet beyond the
                       limits of the proposed development. Projects greater than 50 acres in size shall be tied
                       into the County's survey control (monuments under GIS control).


                       4.     Streams, lakes, ponds, existing drainage swales, wetlands, forested areas and other
                       physical features within or adjacent to the project area.


                       5.     Unique, unusual, or environmentally sensitive features that provide particular
                       opportunities or constraints for development.


                       6.     Locations of existing and proposed utilities, sewers and water lines.




                                                               14








                       7.      Soil types, boundaries, and locations of areas with steep slopes or highly erodible

                       soils.



                       8.      Alterations in the natural terrain, cover, and grade including lawns and other
                       landscaping.


                       9.      Areas to be cut or filled.


                       10.     The location of proposed buildings, roads, parking areas, and other permanent

                       structures.



                       11.     Final contours at 2-foot intervals, extending a minimum of 100 feet beyond the
                       limits of the proposed development.


               C.      Storrnwater Management Facilities


                       1.      All stormwater management facilities must be shown on a map, including details,
                       plan, profile, and cross sections.


                       2.      If infiltration facilities are proposed, the locations of existing and proposed wells
                       and septic system drain fields within 100 feet must be shown.


                       3.      Comprehensive hydrologic and hydraulic design calculations, including all
                       assumptions and criteria, for the pre-development and post-development conditions for the
                       design storms specified in Section 3 of this ordinance.


                       4.      A soils report and boring logs.


                       5'.     A maintenance plan indicating the person permanently responsible for maintenance
                       of the  stormwater management facilities and a maintenance program for the proposed
                       stormwater management facilities.



                                                                 15









                4.4 PLAN APPROVAL
                A.     A maximum of 30 calendar days from the receipt of an application will be allowed for
                preliminary review of the application for completeness. During this period, the application will
                be accepted for review, which will begin the 60-day review period, or rejected for
                incompleteness. The applicant will be informed in writing of the information necessary to
                complete the application.


                B.     The 60-day review period begins on the day the complete stormwater management plan
                is accepted for review. At this time, an acknowledgement letter will be sent to the applicant.
                During the 60-day review period, the County shall either approve or disapprove the plan and
                communicate its decision to the applicant in writing. Approval or denial shall be based on the
                plan's compliance with this ordinance.


                C.     A disapproval of a plan shall contain the reasons for disapproval.


                D.     The applicant or any aggrieved party authorized by law may appeal the County's decision
                of approval or disapproval of a stormwater management plan application within 30 days after the
                rendering of such a decision by the County, to the circuit court of the jurisdiction in which the
                land development project is located.


                E.     Judicial review shall be on the record previously established and shall otherwise be in
                accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (ï¿½ 9-6.14:1 et seq. of the Code
                of Virginia).




                4.5 CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL
                Each approved stormwater management plan shall be subject to the following conditions:


                       1.     The applicant shall comply with all applicable requirements of the approved plan
                       and the local program and shall certify that all land clearing, construction, land
                       development and drainage will be done according to the approved plan.



                                                               16








                       2.     The land development project shall be conducted only within the area specified
                       in the approved plan.


                       3.     The County shall be allowed, after giving notice to the owner, occupier or operator
                       of the land development project, to conduct periodic inspections of the project. The
                       owner, occupier or operator shall be given the opportunity to accompany the inspector.


                       4.     No transfer, assignment or sale of the rights granted by virtue of an approved plan
                       shall be made unless a written notice of transfer is filed with the County and the
                       transferee certifies agreement to comply with all obligations and conditions of the
                       approved plan.


                       5.     A set of certified as-built plans shall be submitted to the County upon completion
                       of the project.


                       6.     The person responsible for implementing the approved plan may be required to
                       conduct monitoring and submit reports to ensure compliance with the approved plan and
                       to determine whether the plan provides effective stormwater management.




               4.6 PERFORMANCE BOND
               A.      All applicants shall submit to the County a performance bond with surety, cash escrow,
               letter of credit, or such other legal arrangement acceptable to the County's attorney, to ensure that
               measures could be taken by the County at the applicant's expense should the applicant fail, after
               proper notice, within the time specified to initiate or maintain appropriate actions which may be
               required of the applicant by the approved stormwater management plan.


               B.      If the County takes such action upon such failure by the applicant, the County may collect
               from the applicant the costs of such action in excess of the amount of the security held.





                                                                17








               C.     Within sixty days of the completion of the requirements of the approved stormwater
               management plan, the bond, cash escrow, letter of credit or other legal arrangement, or the
               unexpended or unobligated portion thereof, shall be refunded to the applicant or terminated.


               D.     These requirements are in addition to all other provisions of law relating to the issuance
               of such plans and are not intended to otherwise affect the requirements for such plans.


               4.7 CHANGES TO AN APPROVED PLAN
               No changes may be made to an approved plan without review and written approval by the
               Program Administrator.




               4.8 EXCEPTIONS
               A.     A request for an exception shall be submitted, in writing, to the County. An exception
               from this ordinance may be granted by the Program Administrator, provided that: (i) exceptions
               to the criteria are the minimum necessary to afford relief, and (ii) reasonable and appropriate
               conditions shall be imposed as necessary upon any exception granted so that the purpose and
               intent of this ordinance is preserved.


               B.     Economic hardship is not sufficient reason to grant an exception from the requirements
               of this ordinance.






















                                                              18









                                                         SECTION 5



                                                             FEES
                                    (NOTE: OPTIONAL. ALSO TO SET AMOUNTS.)


               A plan review and inspection fee shall be paid to the County at the time of submission of the
               stormwater management plan as follows:


                       1.     $             for each 10,000 square feet to be graded or developed as part of the
                              project.

                       or


                       1.     $             for each hour of review time.


                       2.     This fee is an approximation of the estimated cost to the County to have its
                              professional staff or consultants review the proposed project.   -


                              NOTE: A locality may charge applicants a reasonable fee to defray the costs of
                              program administration, including costs associated with plan review, issuance of
                              permits, periodic inspection for compliance with approved plans and necessary
                              enforcement, provided that charges for such costs are not made under any other
                              law, ordinance or program. The fee shall not exceed an amount commensurate
                              with the services rendered and expenses incurred or the amount established in ï¿½
                              10.1-603.10 of the Code of Virginia, whichever is less. The maximum fee
                              established in the Code of Virginia is $1000.











                                                               19









                                                          SECTION 6



                                              CONSTRUCTION INSPECTIONS




               A.      The County's engineer or designee shall make regular inspections during all phases of
               construction of the stormwater management facilities.


               B.      The applicant shall notify the County 24 hours prior to the commencement of any activity
               covered by this ordinance so that appropriate inspections can be made to insure compliance with
               this ordinance.


               C.      Inspection reports shall be maintained as part of the land development project file.





                       OPTIONAL: A more detailed construction inspection section might contain the following.


                                               CONSTRUCTION INSPECTIONS



               A.      The County's engineer or designee shall inspect all phases of development of the site
               including, but not limited to:


                       1.      Completion of preliminary site preparation including stripping of vegetation,
                       stockpiling of topsoil, and construction of temporary stormwater management facilities.


                       2.      Completion of rough grading, but prior to placing top soil, permanent drainage or
                       other site development improvements and ground covers.


                       3.      Regular inspections during construction of the permanent stormwater management
                       facilities at the following specified stages of construction. (NOTE: LEAVE OUT ANY
                       FACILITIES NOT ACCEPTABLE TO COUNTY).

                                                                20










                                       a.        Infiltration facilities



                                                    i.     Completion of excavation;


                                                   ii.     Construction of the embankment (infiltration basins);


                                                 iii.      Installation of filter fabric;


                                                   iv.     Placement of aggregate;


                                                    V.     Installation of observation well;


                                                   vi.     Completion of surface layer; and


                                                 vii.      Final stabilization.



                                        b.       Porous pavement facilities


                                                    i.     Completion of the subgrade section;


                                                   I       Placement of the aggregate base course;


                                                 iii.      Placement of the aggregate filter course; and


                                                   iv.     Placement of the porous asphaltic concrete surface course to ensure
                                                 proper laying temperatures and compaction.


                                        C.       Vegetated swales


                                                    i.     Completion of excavation;


                                                   I       Construction of check dams; and


                                                                                  21









                                       iii.    Final stabilization.



                               d.      Detention and retention facilities



                                         L     Completion of excavation to subfoundation and when required,
                                       installation of structural supports or reinforcement for structures, including
                                       but not limited to:



                                                      Core trenches for structural embankments,


                                                      Inlet and outlet structures, anti-seep structures, watertight
                                                      connections on pipes, and


                                                      Trenches for enclosed storm drainage facilities.


                                        ii.    Placement of structural fill and concrete and installation of piping
                                       and catch basins;


                                       iii.    Backfill of foundations and trenches;



                                        iv.    Construction of the embankment; and



                                         V.    Final stabilization.



                       4.      Upon completion of any final grading, vegetative control measures or other site
                       restoration work done in accordance with the approved plan.


                B.     No work shall begin on a subsequent stage until the preceding stage has been inspected
                and approved by the County Engineer.





                                                                 22








              C.     The applicant shall notify the County 24 hours prior to the commencement of any activity
              covered by this ordinance so that appropriate inspections can be made to insure compliance with
              this ordinance.


              D.     Any portion of the approved plan which does not comply with the approved plan must
              be corrected by the applicant within 24 hours. No work may proceed on any subsequent phase
              of the stormwater management plan, the subdivision or land development or building construction
              until the required corrections have been made.


              E.     If at any stage of the work, the County's engineer determines that the soil or other
              conditions are not as stated or shown in the approved application, the County's engineer may
              refuse to approve further work and the County may revoke existing permits or approvals until
              a revised plan is submitted and approved.


              F.     Inspection reports shall be maintained as part of the land development project file.



























                                                            23









                                                        SEMON 7



                                                     MAINTENANCE




              A.     Responsibility for the operation and maintenance of stormwater management facilities,
              unless assumed by a governmental agency, shall remain with the property owner and shall pass
              to any successor or owner. If portions of the land are to be sold, legally binding arrangements
              shall be made to pass the basic responsibility to successors in tide. These arrangements shall
              designate for each parcel the property owner, governmental agency, or other legally established
              entity to be permanently responsible for maintenance.


              B.     In the case of developments where lots are to be sold, permanent arrangements
              satisfactory to the County's attorney shall be made to insure continued performance of these
              obligations.


              C.     In the event that the stormwater management facilities are in need of maintenance or
              become a danger to public safety or public health, the responsible person shall be notified in
              writing, advised of the corrective measures required, and given a reasonable period of time to
              take necessary action. If the responsible person fails or refuses to perform such maintenance and
              repair, the County has the authority to perform the work and to recover the costs from the
              responsible person. (NOTE: PROPERTY OWNER?)


              D.     To ensure proper performance of the stormwater management facility between scheduled
              maintenance operations, the owner is responsible for inspecting the stormwater management
              facility on a semi-annual basis and after any storm which causes the capacity of the facility to
              be exceeded.



              E.     Right of entry agreements or easements may be required from the applicant for purposes
              of inspection and maintenance by the County Engineer or his designee.




                                                             24









                                                          SECTION 8



                                                       ENFORCEMENT




               A.     If it is determined that there is a failure to comply with the approved plan, notice shall
               be served upon the applicant or person responsible for implementing the plan by registered or
               certified mail to the address specified in the application or plan certification, or by delivery at
               the land development site to the agent or employee supervising such activities.


               B.     The notice shall specify the measures needed to comply with the plan and shall specify
               the time within which such measures shall be completed.


               C.     Upon failure to comply within the time specified, the permit or approval may be revoked
               and the applicant or person responsible for implementing the plan shall be deemed to be in
               violation of this ordinance.


               D.     Any person who violates any provision of this ordinance shall be guilty of a
               misdemeanor (?) and shall be subject to a fine or imprisonment for each violation, or both, as
               provided for in ï¿½ 10.1-603.14 of the Code of Virginia.


               E.     The program administrator may apply to the circuit court to enjoin a violation or a
               threatened violation of this ordinance as provided for in ï¿½ 10.1-603.14 of the Code of Virginia
               without the necessity of showing that an adequate remedy at law does not exist.


               F.     Without limiting the remedies which may be obtained in this section, the program
               administrator may bring a civil action against any person for violation of this ordinance, or any
               condition of the permit or approval, or any provision of the local program. The action may seek
               to impose of a civil penalty of not more than $2000 for each violation as provided for in ï¿½ 10.1-
               604.14 of the Code of Virginia.




                                                               25








               G.     With the consent of any person who has violated or failed, neglected or refused to obey
               this ordinance or any condition of the permit or approval or any provision of the local program,
               the program administrator may issue an order against or to such person, for the payment of civil
               charges for violations in specific sums, not to exceed the limit specified in subsection F of this
               section as provided for in ï¿½ 10.1-604.14 of the Code of Virginia. Such civil charges shall be
               instead of any appropriate civil penalty which could be imposed under subsection F.









































                                                              26






  j %- le,



                                                   SECTION 9
0                                              EFFECTIVE DATE


             This ordinance shall take effect upon final passage and approval by the County.

















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                         GLOUCESTER POINT TRANSPORTATION & STORMWATER
                                             MANAGEMENT STUDY












                                    Gloucester County Office of Conuittinity Development
                                                  Gloucester, Virginia
                                                     March 1994


                                                                                                 W-600
      WIMP Grant Program
           FY 1993





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                                                                       DRAFT
                                           Transportation Modelling Analysis


                                                        Gloucester County, Virginia
                                                                      March 1994




                         Prepared with the assistance of the Hampton Roads Planning District
                                                                     Commission













                                                            VCRNIP Grant Program
                                                                     FY 1992-1993





                                              This document was funded in part, by the Virginia Council on the Environment's Coastal Resources
                                              Management Program through Grant # NA27OZO312-01 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                                              Administration. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, under the Coastal Zone Management
                                              Act of 1972 as amended
                            4










           February 11, 1994



           MEMORANDUM



           TO: Gloucester Study Staff

           BY: Camelia Ravanbakht


           RE: Gloucester Study




           The 2015 traffic projections were revised due to two errors depicted in the
           network (2 link distances). Therefore, the MINUTP model was performed for both
           trend and accelerated growth scenarios for daily, morning and evening peak hours.
           the following items are attached for your review:

                 o Traffic Analysis zones (2 maps).

                 o Summary Table showing 1990, 2010 and 2015 land use and travel
                 demand data (table).


                 o 1990 Base - daily, morning and evening peak hours traffic volumes (3
                 maps).

                 o 2015 Trend Growth - daily, morning and evening peak hours traffic
                 projections (3 maps).

                 o 2015 Accelerated Growth - daily, morning and evening peak hours traf f ic
                 projections (3 maps).

                 o 1990 socioeconomic data used in MINUTP model ( table).

                 o 2015 land use data developed by LDR (table).









                                                       d8

                                                             446



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                                                          331


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                                                                           344                  3

                                                                                        8






                                                                                    TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ZONES


                                                                                    FOR GLOUCESTER COUNTY
                                                                                         SUBAREA COMPUTER
                                                                                         MODELING STUDY
                                                                                         BASE RUN 10/13/93









                                                       \7
                                                                       43    4
                                                                                 344
                                                                          4                             437

                                                                                                                          VIA,
          Traffic Analysis Zone                                                4
                                                                                         4 6


                                                           Gloucester County


         0           5000 10000











                                                                                      TABLE
                                                      GLOUCESTER COUNTY SUBAREA COMPUTER MODELING STUDY
                                                                       LAND USE AND TRAVEL DEMAND
                                                                                1990,2010,2015



                                                                              Land Use Data                        Daily Travel Demand (vpd)
                                                                                  Retail          Total        Coleman       Upriver       Total
                                    Land Use Scenario          Population     Employment      Employment         Bridge     Crossing     Demand


                                1990 Base                           30,131            1,777            9,154
                                Actual Counts .                                                                   26,000        ...         26,000
                                Model Assignments                                                                 26,200        ---         26,200

                                2010 PATS                           37,700            5,300          13,300
                                With Upriver Crossing                                                          @@4 460         18,700@1-    64,100
                                Without Upriver Crossing                                                          57,100        ---         57,100


                                2015 Trend Growth
                                With Upriver Crossing               55,613            6,193          19,239       51,400       39,300       90,700
                                Without Upriver Crossing            55,615            6,712          19,239       70,500        --          70,500


                                2015 Accelerated Growth
                                With Upriver Crossing               86,461           10,866          32,755       53,400       43,600       97,000
                                Without Upriver Crossing            86,481           10,993          32,755       78,500        ---         78,500

                               L-                                                                                                                   I


                                Notes:
                                 - vpd:vehicles per day
                                 - PATS : Peninsula Area Transportation Study
                                 - 2015 model assumed 2015 projectd land use data for Gloucester and York Counties only;
                                  the model used 2010 projected land use for other localities in the Peninsula region.


                                Prepared By: Hampton Roads Planning District Commission, February 1994.







                                 411












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                                                                                                                    ID                            4


                                                                                       ID
                                                                                       ID
                                                                                       lj                                        HIIRT LANE
                                                                      614              lk                             R-TE 615


                                                                                                                                  Ae

                                                                                                                      346
                                                                                                     SAFRAS                                       w I E
                                                                                                                                                  M R
                                                                                                            BELROI           NEST      iziv
                                                                                       ALMONDSVILLE
                                                                                                                             CLOPTON cl
                                                                                                                                       lo


                                                           1990                                                                     COKE  .4
                                                           DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT
                                                           MORNING PEAK HOUR


                                                                                                                                                                    4,

                                                                                                                                                                                         TIDE

                                                                                                                                                                                          4w








                                                                                                               313









                                                                                                                                      476

                                                                                                    31.

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                                                                                   ,a                         W


                                                                                                                           HORT LANE
                                                                                                              333 RTC 615                 lb



                                                                                             SASSAFRAS                                       HITE
                                                                                                       BELROI           NEST          6NA     RS
                                                                                   ALMONDSVILLE                        'CLOPTON cm,
                                                                                                                                        44)


                                                                                                                              COKE        6                 342        6 156-
                                                        1990

                                                                                                                                                                         N4
                                                        DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT                                                                                           ID
                                                       EVENING PEAK HOUR

                                                                                                                                                              4, @plm              u
                                                                                                                                                                                  TIDEM





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                                                                                                            BELROI              EST          (,.,A MARSH
                                                                                       ALMONDSVILLE                      43   CLOPTON
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                                                          2015                                                                       COKE   44                                                  A
                                                          DAILY TRAFFIC PROJECTION
                                                                                                                                                                                          lo
                                                          TREND GROWTH                                                                                                                    w
                                                                                                                                                                              U3
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                                                                                                     GLOUCEST
                                                                                                     CITY HALL*




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                                                                                                                                             Qr


                                                                                                                                                  WHITE
                                                                                                 SASSAFRAS BELRDI             NEST                MARSH   6%
                                                                                       ALMONDSVILLE
                                                                                                                             CLOPTON



                                                          2015                                                                     CDKE        6a6                3Q                          Ac
                                                          DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC                                                                                                  N4
                                                            PROJECTION                                                                                            3
                                                          MORNING PEAK HOUR
                                                                                                                                                                 e, 4,,g                     BEN
                                                          TREND GROWTH
                                                          WITH UPRIVER CROSSING                                                                                                           TIDEM1
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                                                                                                                                      Qr

                                                                                                               up                          336
                                                                                             SASSAFRAS                                     W141 TE
                                                                                                                                           MARSH
                                                                                   ALMONDSVILLE       BELRDI            NEST                      (611
                                                                                                                      CLOPTON



                                                        2015                                                                 C13KE       636              342
                                                        DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC
                                                          PROJECTION
                                                        EVENING PEAK HOUR
                                                        TREND GROWTH                                                                                        4,@j 345                B
                                                        WITH UPRIVER CROSSING                                                                                                    TIDE




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                                                                             614




                                                                                                                                 34D

                                                                                                             ASSAFRAS                                            HITE
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                                                                                                                                          CLOPT             443



                                                                                                                                                 COKE          6
                                                                 2015                                                                                                              3e
                                                                 DAILY TRAFFIC PROJECTION                                                                                                         4
                                                                 TREND GROWTH                                                                                                                .3
                                                                                                                                                                                                           o@
                                                                 WITHOUT UPRIVER CROSSING                                                                                                        jZ10,1

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                                                                                                   CITY HALL





                                                                                     10
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                                                                                                                    RTE 615

                                                                                                                                             10



                                                                                                SASSAFRAS                                        WHITE
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                                                                                     ALMONDSVILLE         BELROI            NEST      it,5_             (0*1
                                                                                                                           CLOPTON M
                                                                                                                                     s      44


                                                         2015                                                                      COKE        36                                           A
                                                         DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC
                                                           PROJECTION
                                                         MORNING PEAK HOUR                                                                                  +Q                  ell.
                                                         TREND GROWTH                                                                                                                       BE
                                                                                                                                                                                        TIDE
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                                                                                                                                               RTE 6 5
                                                                                                                                                                  325
                                                                                                                                                                            I.b




                                                                                                                       SASSAFRAS                                                WHITE
                                                                                                                                                                                MARSH
                                                                                                                                  BELROI                NEST       Rj%7 6%A
                                                                                                         ALMONDSVILLE
                                                                                                                                                      CLOPTON




                                                                                                                                                              COKE
                                                                       2015                                                                                                                                                         A
                                                                       DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC
                                                                         PROJECTION
                                                                                                                                                                                                              U3
                                                                       EVENING PEAK HOUR
                                                                       TREND GROWTH                                                                                                                                                BE
                                                                       WITHOUT UPRIVER CROSSING                                                                                                                                TIDEm

















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                                                                                                         BELROI             EST      tit r.   MARSH
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                                                         2015                                                                    COKE   44   636                                           A
                                                         DAILY TRAFFIC PROJECTION
                                                         ACCELERATED GROWTH                                                                                              343
                                                         WITH UPRIVER CROSSING                                                                                                             4X
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                                                                                     ALMONDSVILLE         BELRD]            NEST     9.v@ 6      MARSH
                                                                                                                       43  CLOPTDN m,

                                                        2015                                                                      CITKE      'So's                                          ACf
                                                        DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC                                                                                     3.
                                                         PROJECTION
                                                        MORNING PEAK HOUR                                                                                                             a:
                                                        ACCELERATED GROWTH                                                                                                                RENA
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                                                                                 2015                                                                                                CD E             114                                      c61@6
                                                                                 DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC
                                                                                    PROJECTION
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3
                                                                                 EVENING PEAK HOUR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   4,
                                                                                 ACCELERATED GROWTH                                                                                                                                                              bl, B
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                                                                                                                                COKE        6.7,5
                                                         2015                                                                                                                      4W
                                                         DAILY TRAFFIC PROJECTION                                                                                                  i
                                                                                                                                                              3                    w
                                                         ACCELERATED GROWTH                                                                                              3
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                                                                                                                                                                     CITY HALL

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                                                                                                 2015                                                                                                                 COKE       -)"16,96
                                                                                                 DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC
                                                                                                   PROJECTION                                                                                                                                                          33
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ,7-
                                                                                                 MORNING PEAK HOUR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3.5
                                                                                                 ACCELERATED GROWTH
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                                                                                          SASSAFRAS                                     WHITE cz
                                                                                                   BELROI           NEST                 RSH   b*l        m
                                                                               ALMONDSVILLE
                                                                                                               45  CLOPTON
                                                                                                                           10      14



                                                                                                                         COKE                                                   AC
                                                     2015                                                                       444                    w
                                                     DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC
                                                      PROJECTION
                                                     EVENING PEAK HOUR
                                                     ACCELERATED GROWTH                                                                                 4, 345                 BEN
                                                     WITHOUT UPRIVER CROSSING                                                                                                TIDEMI

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            Gloucester socioeconomic data for MINUTP runs                                             12/2/93

             TAZG390        Population    Total Emp     White Collar Emp   Retail Emp Student Attendance        Households
                     278             420           2832              2122               485                                190
                     306             303                0                                                                  159
                     307             1533               525            320              35                                 600
                     308             278                9               8               9                                  101
                     309             1377               0                                                                  594
                     310             2200               216            182              7               1476               853
                     311             901                0                                                                  354
                     312             995                210            26               2                                  498
                     313             895                108            33               27                                 348,
                     314             384                27             24                                                  128
                     315             333                5                4              5                                  210
                     325             135                20             18               5                                  65
                     326             442                560            488              26               632               110
                     327             210                63             58                                                  84
                     328             247                171            115              87                                 109
                     329             69                 0                                                                  28
                     3301            11101              01                                                                 252
                     331             101                82             73               61                                 87
                     332             91                 0                                                                  361
                     333             142                0                                                                  56
                     334             2111               0                                                                  78
                     335             166                0                                                                  60
                     336             11                 0                                                                     5
                     337                 6              0                                                1765                 3
                     338             39                 271            24               24                                 17
                     339             2611               0                                                                  109
                     340             131                0                                                                  52
                     341             480                642            423              16                                 176
                     342                 0              28             26               12                                    0
                     343             87                 89             80               67               730               41
                     344             53                 0                                                                  24
                     345             723                347            305              285                                286
                     346             27601              761            477              303                                1187
                     347             388                146            106              5                                  151
                     433             2189               284            124              9                631               856
                     435             1201               839            682              181                                552
                     436             1538               0                                                                  655
                     437             1724               4561           48               2                455               757
                     438             574                112            100              46                                 250
                     439             625                0                                                                  294
                     441             494                0                                                                  239
                     442             339                0                                                                  147
                     443             769@               272            .129             65                                 271
                     444             821                01                                                                 325
                     445             1221               0                                                                  490
                     446             1112               325            124              11                                 397
                     447             471                0                                                                  1591


                                 30131           9154              6120            1777            5689              12443






                 2015 Land Use (Trend and Accelerated Growth and Buildout, with and without upriver crossing
                 Trend With                           Trend Without                     Accelerated With                 Accelerated Without                Buildout
           Zone    Pop      WCErn     RetEm      Emp     Pop WcErn       RetEm    Emp      Pop WCErn       RetEm   Emp       Pop WCEm I RetEm          Emp     Pop WCErn        RetEm    Emp
            278       686      2518      617      3091    669      2414     593    2965    1008    2544      625    3124      917     2548      626    3129    2389     1914      470     2351
            306       527        15       11        20    437        15      11      20     666      37       26      47      498        37      26      47     664      235      182      267
            307     4346        445      300      546    2562      445      300     546    7208     467      315     573     3902       467     315     573    11884     766      590      867
            308       447        23       16        29    322        23      16      29     649      44       30      56      417        44      30      56     961      235      182      267
            309     2386         Is       11        20   1779        is      11      20    3316      37       26      47     2184        37      26      47    3408      279      216      317
            310     5053        192      129      236    3206      192      129     236    7998     214      145     263     4599       214     145     263    12762     324      249      367
            311     1340         15       11        20   1044        15      11      20    1813      37       26      47     1266        37      26      47    2526      279      216      317
            312     2564        186      125      1230   1691      186      125     230    3902     209      141     258     2272       209     14l     258    4121      324      249      367
            313     1013        103       70      128     913      103       70     128    1176     124       85     155      988       124      as     155    1366      324      249      367
            314       451        16       11        20    366        16      11      20     588      36       25      47      429        36      25      47     790      279      216      317
            315       717        20       14        25    586        20      14      25     920      41       28      52      673        41      28      52     922      235      175      267
            325       195        42       19        57    173        49      23      67     229      88       40     115      188        92      43     122     275      341      154      441
            326       434       463      209      598     412      469      212  -  608     666     506      229     656      586       511     232     663    1617     1115      504     1441
            327       830       131      101      150     776      131      101     150    1723     231      178     263     1474       231     178     263    5685      464      357      525
            328       744       291      132      379     705      339      153     439    1432     545      247     707     1242       576     261     747    4470     1024      463     1323
            329       127        64       29        86      90       82      38     110     183     169       77     221      117       181      82     237     273      339      154      440
            330       825       310      141      403     793      403      182     521    1113     805      364    1041     1008       865     391    1118    2262     1022      463     1323
            331       832       582      193      1768    781      439      160    1121    1723    1191      348    4324     1476       990     303    3395    5669     14175    5807     26923
            332       217        15       11        20    137        15      11      20     344      37       26      47      198        37      26      47     552      279      216      317
            333       490        64       29        86    442        82      38     110     986     169       77     221      817       181      82     237    3069      339      154      440
            334       295        76       58        87    285        76      58      87     444     176      136     200      403       176     136     200    1089      463      356      525
            335       493       394      179      512     466      512      232     664     993    1024      463    1325      854     1100      497    1423    3201     2730     1234     3527
            336       376       330      150      428     346      426      193     553     878     854      386    1104      752       918     415    1186    3219     2390     1080     3086
            337       100        15       11        20      54       15      11      20     190      37       26      47      193        37      26      47     345      279      216      317
            338       239       288      131      376     285      367      166     477     525     714      324     926     1003       768     347     993    1786     1706      771     2204
            339       386        15       11        20    327        15      11      20     505      37       26      47      508        37      26      47     680      279      216      317
            340       483        15       11        20    390        15      11      20     944      37       26      47      712        37      26      47    2653      279      216      317
            341     1369        875      395      1131   1286      986      446    1275    2711    1472      666    1904     2330     1549      699    1999    8628     1364      617     1764
            342       163       460      207      595     203      588      267     762     398    1155      523    1495      795     1240      561    1603    1445     2390     1080     3086
            343       412       422      192      548     486      525      238     681     861     982      445    1272     1620     1051      475    1360    2851     2048      926     2645
            344       210        15       11        20    185        is      11      20     393      37       26      47      556        37      26      47     957      279      216      317
            345       981       186       85      243    1425      210       95     275    1388     322      146     417     2081       337     153     438    2090      339      154      441
            346     3013       1015      459      1312   3194      1138     515    1472    3179    1687      763    2181     3462     1770      800    2286    3210     1364      617     1764
            347       478       326       80      400     468      221       55     274     634     355       88     438      590       355      88     438    1296     1077      265     1323
            433     2464        715      324      927    3050      861      390    1114    3004    1497      678    1940     3921     1596      722    2063    3817     1364      617     1764
            435     1410       1005      454      1300   1508      1107     501    1433    1501    1564      707    2023     1654     1633      738    2110    1540     1706      771     2204
            436     2003         76       58        87   2635        76      58      87    2584     176      136     200     3575       176     136     200    3527      463      356      525
            437     2113        389      262      477    2145      443      298     544    2379     536      361     657     2413       536     361     657    2264      633      488      717
            438     2740        158      109      199    6059      158      109     199    5795     251      170     312     10994      251     170     312    11507     324      249      367
            439       859        15       11        20    876        15      11      20    1000      37       26      47     1020        37      26      47     966      279      216      317
            441       954        15       11        20    998        15      11      20    1322      37       26      47     1371        37      26      47    1357      279      216      317
            442     2033         70       48        87   1649        70      48      87    4370     164      110     200     3226       164     110     200    8543          0        0    525
            443     1718        621      281      804    1964      741      336     960    3226    1271      575    1644     5783     1349      611    1745    9902     1022      463     1323
            444     1984         76       58        87   3387        76      58      87    3550     176      136     200     5732       176     136     200    5927      463      356      525
            445     1810         15       11        20   1881        15      11      20    2418     164      110     200     2501       164     110     200    2455      279      216      317
            446     1364        618      349      1500   1293      419      305     596    1901     854      593    1371     1688       577     365    1157    3993     1397      821     3177
            447       939        76       58        87    886        76      58      87    1725     176      136     200     1493       176     136     200    5141      463      356      525



                    55613     13791     6193    19239   55615 14634 6712 19239             86461 23323 10866 327551 RrdRi             I)q7A'> I moo., -I irnn4,i                          744on







0









                         V. APPENDIX '



0













A









                                                                              Appendix A
               LIST OF STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES IWCLVED IN STORWATER MANAGEMENr



          .State Agencies

          1)  DEPARTMENT OF EWIRONMENTAL QUALITY - WATER DIVISION (DEQ)
              202 N. 9th Street, Suite 900
              Richmond, Virginia 23219
              (804) 786-4500

              DEQ Tidewater Regional Office
              Pembroke II, Suite 310
              Virginia Beach, Virginia 23462
              (804) 552-1840

              Role related to storrrwater:

                    o Issues Virginia Pollution Discharge Elimination System (VPDES)
                      permits

                   Section 402 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) established the National
          Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to limit the discharge of
          pollution into streams, rivers, and bays. In 1987, the CWA was amended,
          requiring EPA to regulate stornwater discharges under the NPDES Program.
          under this amended federal program, localities having populations over 100,000
          must develop stormwater management plans and obtain discharge permits for
          stormwater outfalls. In Virginia, DEQ is authorized by the EPA to administer
          this NPDES program and is also responsible for the implementation of the
          federally mandated program for storrrwater discharges. DEQ calls its program
          the Virginia Pollution Discharge Elimination Systein (VPDES) and issues VPDES
          permits to localities for discharges from large municipal storrrwater systems
          and to industrial facilities for the discharge of stormwater associated with
          industrial activities into streams and rivers. EPA regulations define 11
          categories of industrial activities. Construction activities that result in
          the disturbance of five acres or more and have a point source discharge of
          stormwater to state waters are considered industrial activity and must obtain
          a VPDES permit.
                   The VPDES permits issued by DEQ for storriwater discharges must be in
          accordance with the stormwater regulations developed by EPA and EPA maintains
          the authority to-review any applications and permits. (Major dischargers
          require EPA review).

               o Issues Virginia Water Protection Permits (VWP)

                   Section 401 of the Clean water Act requires any applicant applying
          for a federal permit or license to obtain a 401 Water Quality Certification
          verifying that the water quality concerns of the state will be complied with
          before undertaking any activity which could result in a discharge to waters of
          the U.S., including wetlands. This certification becomes part of the issued
          federal permit. A federal permit will not be issued without this
          certification fram the state. In Virginia, DEQ is authorized to issue these
          401 Water Quality Certificates.         However, in 1989 the Virginia Water
          Protection Permit (VWP) was created which constitutes the Water Quality
          Certification required under the Clean Water Act. Therefore, DEQ now issues
          VWP permits in place of the 401 Water Quality Certifications.








                     A VWP permit is required for any stornwater management activity or
            facility that involves the discharge or placing of any material into or
            adjacent to state waters, including wetlands. An application to the Army
            Corps of Engineers (COE) for a permit through the Joint Permit Process
            (involving COE, VMRC, & DEQ) would require a Virginia Water Protection Permit
            from DEQ before the permit would be issued. A VWP permit would also be
            required for any stormwater management facility proposed to be placed within a
            perennial stream.

                 o Participates in the joint permit review process

                     DEQ conducts a joint application review process with the U.S. Army
            Corps of Engineers (COE) and the Virginia Marine Resources Ccrmnission (VMRC)
            for construction/discharge into all waters of the Commonwealth, tidal
            wetlands, and bottans of waterways through Virginia. Through the joint permit
            review process, DEQ reviews applications for storrrwater outfalls proposed to
            discharge into state waters and looks at the contents of the stormwater
            discharge that would be released and issues Virginia Water Protection Permits
            accordingly.


            2) DEPARTMENr OF ODNSERVATION AND RECREATION - DIVISION OF SOIL AND WATER
               CONSERVATION (DCR-DSWC)
               203 Governor Street, Suite 206
               Richmond, Virginia 23219-2094
               (804) 786-2064


               Role related to 'storrwater:

                 o Review state agency storrrwater management plans

                     DCR-DSCW reviews all state agency stormwater management plans (for
            projects disturbing one or more acres). Stormwater management plans must be
            approved by DCR before a state agency may begin any land disturbing activity.

                  o Develop regulations establishing technical standards and minimum
                   requirements for local stormwater management programs

                     The Virginia Stormwater Management Act gives local governments the
            authority to establish stormwater management plans and adopt local ordinances
            requiring the control and treatment of stormwater runoff. This authority is
            optional. Localities are not required to adopt a local stormwater management
            program. Hcwever, if a locality does establish - a local program, the minimum
            requirements contained in the state regulations must be mt. DCR-DS(W has the
            responsibility of developing these state regulations establishing the
            technical criteria and minimum requirements for local stormwater management
            programs.

                 o Review local stormwater management programs

                     DCR-DSCK reviews those local stormwater management programs that have
            been established for consistency with state regulations.








                o Review local erosion and sediment control (E&SC) programs

                    DCR conducts periodic reviews of local erosion and sediment control
            programs for compliance with the mininm standards contained in the state E&SC
            regulations. Minimum Standard 19 (MS 19) addresses stormwater and requires
            that properties and waterways downstream from nEw develognent sites shall be
            protected from erosion due to increases in the volume, velocity, and peak flow
            rate of stormwater runoff.    In the absence of a local stormwater management
            program, certain criteria apply to prevent stormwater from overtopping
            streambanks or eroding the channel bed.

                o Provide technical assistance and training to local governments

                    DCR provides technical assistance and training relating to
            stornwater management to local governments and responds to complaints.


            3) CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL ASSISTANCE BOARD AND DEPARTMENT (CBLAB & CLBAD)
              805 E. Broad Street, Suite 701
              Richmond, Virginia 23219
              1-800--Ches-Bay


              Role related to stormwater:

                o Develop stormwater management criteria

                    The Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act (Bay Act) was enacted as a land
            use management program, recognizing the link between land use and water
            quality, for the protection of the Chesapeake Bay from nonpoint source
            pollution. Local governments in Tidewater Virginia are required to adopt
            local Chesapeake Bay Preservation Programs that are consistent with state
            regulations. The Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Board is responsible for the
            developnent of state regulations establishing minimum performance standards
            including stormwater management criteria which must be met when developing
            (or redeveloping) lands designated as Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. The
            regulations also address the placement of stormwater management facilities and
            prohibit them from from being placed in resource protection areas, a component
            of the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area.

                o Review local Chesapeake Bay Preservation programs for consistency with
                  state regulations, including storrrwater management requirements

                    The Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Board, with assistance from the
            Department, reviews local government Chesapeake Bay Preservation programs to
            ensure consistency with the minimum requirements contained in the state
            regulations. For new development, the post-development nonpoint source
            pollutant load shall not exceed the pre-developnent load base upon the average
            land cover condition for a locality. Redevelopment of a site not currently
            served by water quality best management practices shall achieve at least a 10%
            reduction of nonpoint source pollution in runoff compared to the existing
            runoff load from the site. The regulations allow for several mechanisms to
            comply with the stormwater management provisions. The most caamon approaches








            are for localities to require on-site controls or compliance with a regional
            stormwater management plan. Localities also have the option Of adopting the
            state Stormwater Management Regulations along with any additional provisions
            necessary to meet the water quality requirements of the Chesapeake Bay
            Preservation Act and Regulations.

                 o Provide technical and financial assistance to local governments in the
                   implementation of local storrrwater management requirements

                     The Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department provides technical
            assistance to localities. Engineers and planners at CELAD provide guidance on
            storirwater calculations, develop custanized stormwater calculation worksheets,
            provide recaamendations for stornwater BMPs, conduct site visits if requested,
            conduct advisory site plan review, and provide stormwater management training
            to local goverment staff. The Department also provides each locality with a
            Local Assistance Manual which includes information and guidance on meeting the
            stornwater criteria of the program. CBLAD's grant program provides funding
            assistance for stormwater research projects, development of stormwater
            management plans, and other stormwater manageinent related activities.

                 o Responsible for ensuring local government compliance with the Act and
                   Regulations

                     Enforcement of the stormwater management requirements of the local
            Chesapeake Bay Programs is the responsibility of each local government. The
            authority for this enforcement is under the local governments' own land use
            ordinances. The Board and Department issue no permits for stormwater
            discharge or runoff and have no direct enforcement authority over specific
            stornwater management requirements of the program. The Board, however, is
            authorized to take administrative and legal actions to ensure that local
            governments comply with provisions of the Act and Regulations.


            4) VIRGINIA MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION (VMRC), Habitat Management Division
               2600 Washington Avenue, P.O. Box 756
               Newport News, Virginia 23607
               (804) 247-2200


              Role relating to stornwater:

                 o Issues subaqueous permits for the encroachment of stormwater management
                   facilities into state owned subaqueous waters and for stormwater
                   outfall pipes discharging into state cwned waters.

                     VMRC conducts the joint application revieq process with the U.S. Army
            Corps of Engineers and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
            for construction and discharge into waters of the Ccimmonwealth, tidal
            wetlands, and bottoms of waterways throughout Virginia. VMRC, in consultation
            with the COE and DEQ, issues subaqueous permits for stormwater management
            facilities or outfall pipes proposed to be encroaching and/or discharging into
            state owned subaqueous grounds (perennial streams) and has oversight authority
            over local wetlands boards.









            Federal Agencies





            1) ENVIROMERrAL PROTWrION PGENCY (EPA) Region III
               841 Chestnut Street
               Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107


               Role related to stormwater:

                 o Responsible for development of a phased approach to regulating
                  stormwater discharges under the NPDES permit program

                    EPA is the principal federal environmental regulatory agency.
            Regarding stormwater management, EPA is responsible for the development of
            regulations establishing permit application requirements for stormwater
            discharges from municipal separate stormwater systems serving populations of
            100,000 or more and for stormwater discharges associated with industrial
            activities. EPA has authorized DEQ to administer the federal NPDES program
            (established by the Clean Water Act to limit discharge of pollution into
            streams, rivers and bays) and has given responsibility for the implementation
            of the federally mandated program for stormwater discharges to DEQ. EPA
            maintains authority to review any applications or permits. (For more
            information on this program see the DEQ section).

                o ReviEws major stormwater dischargers NPUES permit applications

                    EPA has delegated the administration of the federal NPDES permitting
            program to DEQ, however major dischargers in Virginia require EPA reviEw.


            2) U.S. ARMY CIORPS OF EMINEERS (COE) (Norfolk District)
               803 Front Street
               Norfolk, Virginia 23510-1096
               (804) 441-7652


             Role related to storrrwater:

                 o Issues permits for placement of storrrwater management facilities and
                   stormwater discharges into wetlands and waters under Federal
                  jurisdiction

                    The Army Corps of Engineers participates in the joint permit process
            with the Virginia Department of Envirorrnental Quality (DEQ) and the Virginia
            Marine Resources Camnission (VMRC). The Corps reviews permit applications for
            compliance with federal regulations and issues permits, in consultation with
            DEQ and VMRC, for storrrwater discharges and storrrwater BMP placement impacting
            jurisdictional wetlands and rivers. The Corps may not issues a federal permit
            until the DEQ has issued a Virginia Water Protection Permit.









           3) FEDERAL EMEFGENCY MANAGEMENr AGENCY (FEMA) Region III
              105 South Seventh Street
              Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
              (215) 931-9418



             Role related to stormwater:

                o Provides incentive for communities to adopt stormwater management
                  programs, plans, and ordinances

                    FEMA, through the NFIP - Community Rating System (CRS), provides
           points to participating localities for performing certain activities and
           providing certain services to their comminities. Depending upon the amount of
           points earnedf flood insurance rates are reduced between 5-45% for residents
           in the participating locality. Regarding stormwater management, points are
           given to localities for the adoption of stormwater management ordinances and
           developnent of stormwater management plans. This program is voluntary, not
           mandatory, and the reduction in flood insurance is the incentive for
           localities to address issues relating to flooding, such as stormwater
           management.


           4) U.S. SOM OONSERVATION SERVICE (SCS)
              Culpeper Building, Suite 209
              1606 Santa Rosa Road
              Richmond, Virginia 23229
              Williamsburg Office: (804) 564-1870


              Role related to stormwater:

                o Provides advisory storimater management assistance to farmers and local
                  governments, if requested.

                    Soil Conservation Service maintains local offices which assist
           farmers in a variety of areas including stormwater management and the
           developnent of erosion control plans and projects. SCS is advisory only, not
           a regulatory agency.






















                                                                                                            NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



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