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TD 427 A4 M37 1984 AjIAS+i k lot INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN CHOCTAWHATCHEE BA NORTHWEST FLORID By Agustin E. Maristany, P.E. and James H. Cason NORTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Water Resources Special Report 84-5 September 1984 NORTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT GOVERNING BOARD Davage Runnels, Chairman Destin William C. Smith, Vice Chairman Tallahassee Marion Tidwell, Sec./Treas. Chumuckla Tom S. Coldewey W. Fred Bond R. L. Price, Jr. Port St. Joe Pensacola Graceville Blucher Lines Candis M. Harbison Dr. Louis J. Atkins Quincy Panama City Blountstown J. William McCartney Executive Director Northwest Florida Water Management District Route 1, Box 3100 Havana, Florida 32333 (904) 487-1770 Investigation of Temperature Anomalies in Choctawhatchee Bay Northwest Flo rida by Agustin E. Maristany, P.E. and James H. Cason TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Introduction I Stud, Area 2 Hydrology 7 Hydraulics 8 Hydrogeology 10 Occurrence of Anomalous Temperatures 35 Heat Budget 49 Water Budget 55 Development of Study Aspects 59 Data Acquisition 63 Discussion of Potential Heat Sources 75 Summary 80 Selected References 82 Appendix A 85 Appendix B 89 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Study Area Location Map 3 2. Three Dimensional View of The Bathymetry 5 of Choctawhatchee Bay 3. Location of Hydrogeologic 13 Cross Sections 4. Hydrogeologic Cross-Sections 15 A-A' through D-D' 5. Hydrogeologic Cross-Sections 17 E-El through H-HI 6. Map Showing Altitud of the Top 21 of the Pensacola Clay Confining Bed 7. Map Showing Thickness of the 23 Pensacola Clay Confining Bed 8. Map Showing Potentiometric Surface 25 and Direction of Ground Water Movement in the Upper Limestone. of the Floridan Aquifer in March, 1978 9. Map Showing Altitude of the Top 27 of the Floridan Aquifer 10. Map Showing Mean Chloride 31 Concentrations in Water from the Upper Limestone of the Floridan Aquifer 11. Map Showing Mean Sodium Concentrations 33 in Water from the Upper Limestone of the Floridan Aquifer FIGURE PAGE 12. Location of Monitoring Stations 37 13. Graphical Documentation of Temperature 39 Anomaly 14. Areal Distribution of Bottom Temperatures 41 at 8:00 Hours 15. Areal Distribution of Bottom Temperatures 43 at 16:00 Hours 16. Sections Used in Calculating Heat Budgets 51 17. Location of Data Logger and Mini Monitor 65 18. Major Components of Data Logger 69 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Temperature and Salinity Profiles at the 47 East Pass 2A. Water Budget (Flow) 57 2B. Water Budget (Water Surface Elevation) 58 3. Analyses of Water from Docie Bass Well 62 and from Choctawhatchee Bay 4. Data Logger Information Collected near 71-74 Fourmile Point INTRODUCTION This report documents the occurrence of a high temperature anomaly in the waters of Choctawhatchee Bay and investigates the potential sources or causes of the hot waters. The study includes general descriptions of the hydrologic, hydraulic, and hydrogeologic settings of the study area; a recount of the high temperature occurrences; a heat budget which quantifies the amount of energy released; a water budget which determines inflow and outflow volumes in the Bay system; a summary and discussion of temperature data collected as part of this investigation; and an examination of the possible sources or causes of the anomalous temperatures. This investigation was funded, in part, by a grant from the Department of Environmental Regulation, Office of Coastal Zone Management (OCZM) matched by Water Management District funding. STUDY AREA Choctawhatchee Bay is located in the Florida panhandle between longitudes 8600713011W -- 86037'30"W and latitudes 300301N 30022'30"N (Figure 1). Its dimensions are roughly 27 miles in length and 4.,5 miles in width, extending in a general east-west direction. Its surface area is approximately 120 square miles and the average depth-is 15 feet. The@_Bay is generally shallow at the eastern end with d.epths averaging eight feet. It deepens progressively toward the west, reaching maximum depths of about 43 feet. Figure 2 shows a three-dimensional view of the Bay's bathymetry. For the purpose of the Figure, depths are shown as elevations above NGVD. The Bay is relatively'isolated from the Gulf of Mexico, except for a narrow opening which allows a small amount of interchange between the two bodies of water. The opening, called the East Pass, is situated in the western end of the Bay. The Bay also connects with West Bay to the east through the Intracoastal Waterway, and with Pensacola Bay to the west through the Santa Rosa Sound. Choctawhatchee Bay is fed by many small streams at' its northern boundary. The largest contributor of fresh water is the Choctawhatchee River which discharges at the eastern end of the Bay. Very little fresh water inflow takes place at the Bay's southern boundary. 2 EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE NICEVILLE VALPARAIS 20 we Dr d d TAWHATCHEE OC z CjA kLTON BEACH ESTIN 7 - GUL F CO a 2 3 4 5 6 m I LIES 0 .5 1 4 Figure 1. Study Area Location Map b======:l KILOMETERS CO M .00 12.00 23.00 34.00 45.00 56.00 67.00 CHOCTAWHRTCHEE BAY - DEPTH (IN FEET) Figure 2. Three Dimensional View of the Bathymetry of Choctawhatchee Bay. HYDROLOGY The total drainage area of Choctawhatchee Bay is approximately 5,338 square miles, of which 85 percent is drained by the Choctawhatchee River. The rest of the basin is drained by several small streams which mostly discharge at the northern end of the Bay. The Choctawhatchee River discharges at the eastern end of the Bay, supplying-approximately 85 percent of the total fresh water inflow. Flows at C.hoctawhatchee River near Bruce, station 02366500, ranged from 1,300 to 76,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) during the period 1930 to 1982. The average flow for that period was 7,164 cfs. In comparison, the to tal fresh water inflow to the Bay was estimated to average 9,200 cfs. Tidal flows at the East Pass peak at about 40,000 cfs. In contrast, flows at the Santa Rosa Sound peak at 10,000 cfs, and flows through the Intracoastal Waterway-to the east peak at 3,000 cfs. 7 HYDRAULICS Choctawhatchee Bay may be characterized as a "low energy system". This means that river, tide, and wind forces are not strong en ough to generate high water velocities. Velocities rarely exceed one foot per second, and the largest velocities occur in the shallow eastern portion of the Bay and at the East Pass and Santa Rosa Sound. Surface velocities are higher than at the bottom with almost no movement occurring in the deepest areas. The tidal range, which is the mean difference between the high and low tides, is approximately six inches inside the Bay, as compared to that in the adjacent Gulf of Mexico which averages about 18 inches. Circulation in the eastern half of the Bay is primarily dominated by freshwater inflow from the Choctawhatchee River. The river discharges its waters at the eastern end of the Bay, creating a westward movement of the surface waters. This westward flow of fresh water is counter-balanced by a deep eastward current of saline waters which flow under the lighter fresh water. Thus, whereas river water moves toward the Bay at the surface, heavy saline water flows toward the mouth of the river at the bottom. The areal extent of this current loop is dependent upon the magnitude of the river discharge. During average river flows, the loop occurs in the eastern half of the Bay. 8 As a result of the low energy available to the system, little mixing of fresh and salt water occurs. The fresh water, with a lower density, rests on top of the salt water, separated by an interface zone, the halocline. Stratification is known to prevail in the Bay most of the time, and it is precisely this condition which causes the deep counter currents mentioned earlier. As the river water enters the Bay, it moves over the salt water as a discrete layer at the surface. This movement is accompanied in the denser bottom layer by an opposing counter current. The deep counter current is also called a density current because it is the density differential that imparts its movement. 9 HYDROGEOLOGY Prior to any discussions about the potential interaction of ground and bay waters, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the hydrogeologic setting of the study area. This section presents a brief description of the stratigraphic units of importance, their approximate thickness, water-bearing characteristics, and selected water quality parameters. All information, including the figures, were extracted from the work of Barr, Maristany, and Kwader, 1981. For the purpose of this section, only the first six major hydrogeologic units occurring in the study area will be considered. These are, in descending order: the sand-and-gravel aquifer, the Pensacola clay confining bed, the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer, the Bucatunna clay confining bed, the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer, and the Claiborne confining unit. A series of hydrogeologic cross-sections are shown in Figures 3 through 5. Figure 3 shows the location of section lines, and Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the hydrogeologic sections. The sand-and-gravel aquifer consists of clean, fine to coarse sands and gravelly sands locally containing silt, silty clay, and peat beds. Regionally, water in the sand-and-gravel is unconfined and in hydrologic continuity with streams' and lakes that intersect the water table. For many streams, particularly those that feed the 10 northwestern end of the Bay, groundwater discharge provides upward of 90 percent of their flows. The sand-and-gravel also discharges into Choctawhatchee, Bay, Santa Rosa Sound, and the Gulf of Mexico. In the Coastal Lowlands area, the water table is at, or within a few feet of, land surface. The aquifer ranges in thickness from about 10 feet in south-central Walton County to about 210 feet in southwestern Okaloosa County. Water from the sand-and-gravel aquifer usually has a dissolved solids concentration of less than 50 mg/l, a temperature of 68-77 degrees Fahrenheit, and a PH of 4.5 to 6.5. Iron concentrations average about 0.7 mg/l and chlorides are high in some wells near the coast as a result of saline water contamination. 25' 5 + + + . . . . . .... . ........... _Q .FR Lo FIE, I 85 FIELD 3 A. Y, FIE@ ------- ------ y G L I C E A I R \418 A S E + V@LPARAISQj Z10 I,C k9 'I Jr 0 -0 17 LIN 4.F. < + HURL8URT B A Y FIELD A T C.H E.E.. C H 0 C T JA W H FORT WALT'ON BEACH VIETROFOLITAN A 25 DE'STIN + 2,:y 1 2 + + Figure 3. Map showing traces of hydrogeologic cross sections and control wells FT WALTON SANTA R $A SCACH 100 A ISLAN DEi A pt ;TIM .ESr EAST WSL SAND AND GRAVEL AQVIFER C C. EAST SAND AND GRAVEL PENSACOLA CLAY CON FINING BED PENSACOLA CLAY CONFINING BED UPPER LIMESTONE' OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER FLORIDAN AQUIFER (UNDIFFERENTIATED) $ED .. ..... jNNA LOWER LIMESTONE OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER CLAIBORNE CONFINING UNIT CLAIBORNE cosFiNim6 uNir @Vdrogeologic cross section A-A' Wdrogeologic cross section C-C' 1z IT WALTON W- B iEACH 81? EAS7 WEST 6A t SAND AND GRAVEL AQU)FER D 11A RAVft V D' EAST WEST PENSACOLA CLAY CONFINING BED FLORIDAN AQUIFER PENSACOLA CLAY CONFINING BED (UNDIFFERENTIATED) UPPER LIMESTONE OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER FLORIDAN AQUIFER (UNDIFFERENTIATED) 'CLAI CONFIN114G LOWER LIMESTONE OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER qUcA CLAIBORNE CONFINING UNIT rIJISORPIC CONrININ6 UNIT @@IAN. @AN...AVAL@l N_ Al.,. A CLAY I NFI-1-11 @IACO A CLAICO-F,-@,-.BED @@@F@IORIDAN AQUIFER@ "N ,_@ D "ENTIATED Hydrogeologic cross section 8-8' F(ydrogeologic cross section D-D' Figure 4. Hydrogeologic cross sections in Northwest Florida (See Figure 3) 2 K SAND AND ft 'Z C.R AMER 'U" E E' G NoRTH Al CHOC7AW- DEsTim @i sourN sourm NORM m$L $AND AND GRAVEL AQUIFER NsL A MSL CONF NIN6 BED PENSACOLA CLAY CONFINING BED FLORIDAN AQUIFER fUNVIFFERENrIATED) FLORIDAN AQUIFER UPPER LIMESTONE OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER CLAI RNE- I@F'H'E@ CON LOWER L14=1' @@ F@ FLORI AQUI R CLAIBORNE CONFINING UNIr N'NG fN,r Hydrogeologic cross section E-E' Hydrogeologic cross section G-G' >m im W x U I 1 z I Z F' CHOC7AW- Z HArCHfE NORTH SAND D 6RAVEL sovrH IME i A4741IFFR SAY ms, SEA" SOUTHWEST I ' I I NORTHEAS7 PENSACOLA CLAY CONFINING RED M$4. SAND 0 6RA AQUIFER -St PENSACOLA CLAY CONFINING &ED FLORIDAN AOU FER (UNDIPFERENTIA rED) UPPER LIMESTONE Or THE L FLORIDAN AQUIFER E Z FLORIDAN AQUIFER .ESMNE or ME (UNDIFFERENrIATED) FLORIDAN AQUIFER A LOWER LIMESTONE OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER ED WER LIMESTONE OF ME @OMVAN AQUIFER CLAIBORNE CONFINING UNIT CLA18ORNE CONFINING BED 71-AIG.R.. CONFINING 11NIr @A-. AND @I.A VE' IOWE@LLOMES"O"E OF THE IR RIDAN AQUIF, LOWER @"M'SM.' 01' 71AI..RNE 0.11.1.. @U.11 @FRIVAN _ @A.Ulll Hydrogeologic Cross section F-F' Hydrogeologic cross section H-H' Figure 5. hydrogeologic cross sectioos in Northwest Florida (See Figure 3) The Pensacola clay confining bed underlies the sand-and-gravel aquifer in the entire study area and separates it hydrologically from the underlying Floridan aquifer. The unit grades laterally from a dense clay and sandy clay in the west to sandy clay, clayey sand and clayey limestone in the east. The average vertical hydraulic conductivity is estimated at about lxlO-5ft/d in Okaloosa-County and lxlO_3ft/d in Walton County. The confining bed dips south-southwest at about 15 feet per mile and occurs at depths ranging from about 140 feet NGVD in northeastern Walton County to 125 feet below NGVD in southwestern Okaloosa County (Figure 6). The thickness of the confining bed ranges from 475 feet in southwestern Okaloosa County to less than 50 feet in southeastern Walton County (Figure 7). The unit restricts the movement of water between the sand-and-gravel and Floridan aquifer. It also'restricts salt water from Choctawhatchee Bay and the Gulf of Mexico from moving downward into the Floridan aquifer. Its confining properties decrease to the east of the study area as indicated by decreasing thickness and increasing vertical hydraulic conductivity. The upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer constitutes the principal aquifer in southern Okaloosa and Walton counties, supplying most of the water -used in that area. Groundwater storage and movement takes place through a combination of small solution fissures and larger cavities and solution channels. The aquifer is confined or artesian throughout the study area. Water movement from the recharge area through southern Okaloosa. and Walton counties is illustrated schematically on Figure 8. The large cone of depression 19 centered over the Fort Walton Beach area is a result of heavy water use. Predevelopment heads averaged about 30 feet above NGVD along the coastline. 20 30 Q: /77 k' OAL E L Low Ft 50 1 980 140, 25 a FIELD 1 *'0 0 11 FIELD 6 > F1 LO 85 REL '50 G E G L I FIELD 2 01.9 972 ago A I R 9 FORCE BASE 0 Z 331 0 z 2s 028 0 VALPARAISO NIC VILLE BASI C 010 01 0 1z In 0. A, 0 U) 20 25 .0 3 0 M@LIN A.F8. 51 <14 i53 01)c 0 -3 -a HURLBUR A Y -22 EASr BAY FIELD 0 C T JA: W H FORT WALTON El 9 120 METROPOL ITAN AREA ES IN 6 -71 98 EXPI-MATION --125 4r12Q I.TRUCT' CONTOUR--Sho.s altitude WILL USEDJOR COMTROL-Mumber is to, :1 @ensacola clay confining altitude of the top of the Pensacola- 70 bLd. interval is 25 feet.. clay confining bed, in feet. q Datup NGV5 of 1929 (fnean sea 2 0 0,5 1 2 3 4 iift d Figure 6. Map showing altitude of the top of the Pensacola clay confining bed rM 313 OA RI ER '175 94 Y r LOW @25 40 100 85 232 .*@<FIELDY FIELD 6 28@ 2so 37 FIE In 2700 *177 F1 2 ORC I 3740 E ASE E G L I N AIR t-@ 331 400 CK EK 0136 183 8A Ila FREEPOR 40 0 'p VA ARAIbU NicEVILLE z 1@ ku Z, W " It 0 14 2 4 z Q - In 1! C', ... 1z 01 q. a n 0, U 270 46 01 < EGLIN 566 to 0 49 299 213 -,s74 z 322e A Y so 92 so 3 330 0 HU BURT C -T I p 9 334 .0 Ac, A) FIE C ORT WAL ON BEACH TROPO TAN AREA 431 0 370. 4 3 A CESTIN ND 234 22 98 EXPILAMT10% 340 -350 2 3 4 Miks WECL USED FOR CONTROL--Number is 0 05 1 as of CO ISOppCy, CONTOUR-41iOws lin, thitVness of Pensacola clay nf dIng :ol a clay*, be6, i@ feet - equal thliVoeSs Of P"sac er,81, confining bed. COTItOur I"t is 50 feet. Figure 7. %p shoWing thickness of the Pensacola clay confining bed 217 71 ACKWATE IVER 20 0 @00 0 S ATE FOREST R, 15 0 gel 6. Fun ni.k- sP,i 0. 83 48 0 84 73 70 LGLI A I BAS EGLIN AIR @1 260 2 42 03 -9 0 01, 20 -10 -8 11 2 .2_@ 13 -35 -2 -P EXPLANATION wa 'a 17' CAST 3 41 10- 11 CH % PDIE. M jr CO TOUP-Shnivs ------------- NTIO ET - --------- al-itude At .1iC, water level -3 Bly would h ve stood in tightly a ca ed we lis. Contour interval is ID And 20 feet. Datum is 9 [4 NGVC, of 1929 (mean sea level). 17 A. 2 WELL USED FOP, COIITROL--Numher Ve shows altitude of water level, in fe ot. U L 0 F Al E X, -7 I FLOW LINE.-Shows direction of C 0 13 ground water flow. 5 MILES 80" 4,p P-11d Sy NORTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Figure 8. Map showing potentiometric surface of the upper I imestone of the Floridan aquifer in March 1978 and the direction of ground water movement in Okaloosa and Walton counties and adjacent areas -280 Q: RI R e 5 OA -77 046 110 y LL.Ow 07 85 FIELD FIELD 6 -223* FIELD 3 %,P0 0 81 0 -38 285 ,so 0 F ELD 5 344@'l r 0 N F1 2 31 E G L A -isle A I R FORCE -30' % 0 0 0 BASE 450 0 T5 z So 0 U18 Oi- 11TO z 4 CR EK -107 Z 0 k VALPARAISO 8 NICEVILL -173 BASIN FREEPOR U -103 01 U '331 'k, 1 D -3f3' z U <1 8 -291 01 c, ) A, 78 01 0. _j 9 -7 -3470 < 00 r-71 -17 % 0 0 lop 0 %0 0 IN A.F.B. zi 20 60 WO 1 U) 10 -411. .0 -86 y URLBURT 0. 6 A i LEI 0 38 T. C H E 02 RIVER T JA H 0. C -52 -478 T WALTO BEACH -593 ISO 0 '44 OPOLITA AREA $A 5 DESTIN -267 562 -15 263 44ZZ 98 61)@ANiTION -450 WELL USED'FOR CONTROL --Number is 7 STRUCTURE CONTOUR --Sho.s al t I tude of. altitude Of top of upper limestone of the top of the upper.limestone of the the Floridan aquifer, in feet above,tir Floridan aquife@i Contour Interval b low NGVD of 1929. is e 50 feet. Datm is NGVD of 1929 (mean 0 05 1 2 3 4 Milli sea level). Figure 9- Map Showing altitude of the top nf the Floridan aquifer The upper part of the Floridan aquifer ranges in thickness from about 200 feet in eastern Walton County to 400 feet in parts of coastal Okaloosa County. The top of the Floridan aquifer dips southwest at 15 to 20 feet per mile and ranges from about 50 feet above NGVD in northeastern Walton County to about 650 feet below NGVD in southwestern Okaloosa County (Figure 9). Aquifer tests indicate that no significant leakage occurs between the Floridan and sand-and-gravel-over short pumping durations. The analyses also showed that the more permeable limestone sections occur near the base of the 11oridan in t.he F ort Walton Beach area. Utilizing a calibrated digital model of the Floridan aquifer, the calculated inflow to southern Okaloosa and Walton counties from upgradient areas was estimated to be 31.5 Mgal/d (48.8 cfs). Downward movement of water through the Pensacola clay confining bed contributes additional water to the Floridan aqui f er within the region, wherever the head at the base of the sand-and-gravel stands higher than the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer. In the Fort Walton Beach area, where the head gradient across the Pensacola clay is greatest, the volume of leakage averages approximately 2-3 Mgal/d based on the results of the model studies. The comparatively small amount of leakage is attributable to the thickness and low permeability of the Pensacola clay confining bed. Complete water quality analyses, for monitor wells in the study area, indicate that there are significant lateral differences in the chemical characteristics of water in the upper limestone of 29 the Floridan aquifer. Water temperature generally varies between 68 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit, but is nearly constant in any individual well. -Hardness, as calcium carbonate, is usually below 150 mg/l, the PH usually ranges between 7.5 and 8.5, and the chloride is normally less than 10 mg/l. In coastal areas, however, chloride concentrations usually range between 25 and 75 mg/l, except in more seriously degraded areas where chloride concentrations normally accompanies an increase in sodium within the study area. Figures 10 and 11 show, respectively, chloride and sodium concentrations in the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer. High concentrations of chloride and sodium are evident in southeastern Walton County. Salinity in the aquifer increases with depth, indicating that the source of high chlorides is attributable to upward migration of saline water from depth. The potential for upward movement and discharge of upper Floridan aquifer water into Choctawhatchee Bay is greatest in this area as a result of both potentiometric heads greater than water levels in the Bay and reduced confining properties of the Pensacola clay confining bed. The confining unit decreases in thickness and becomes more permeable i.n the eastern portion of the Bay. The extent to which water is interchanged in the eastern end of the Bay is unknown. However@ the contribution of water from the Floridan aquifer is expected to be minor compared to other sources. 30 Ilk: 0 L RI ER 777 Lr I- L OW lie *.3 85 FIELD 6 4 FIELD 3 e3, 36 281 4 FIELD 5 40 P. e G FIELD 2 93 E G L I IN A I R FORCE A BASE z :3 j.- OiZ11- 41 U18 4 z 4k4' 38 CR EK 1@ VALPARAISO NICIEVILLE 6A51N ZI Qt 30,2 0 I@ 0 4 -4,4 to 06 :5 4 a U) 3 1 /-1. 20 0 7 0 10/ EGLIN A. 7 z <1 028 25 0 AV HIE LBURT lag F C H T !A W H A T. C H 0 RIV 50 0;49 990 050 FORT WALTON BEACH 106 017 074 51 58, No MET 'AN AREA 220 FlOt-A f)FSTIN ANT 127 362 7@ v EXPLANATION -50-- 58 d WELL. USED FOR COMTROL-Number CONTOUR OF EQUAL CHLORIDE CONCENTRATTOk-i I I i9ra.s per is mean chloride concentration, liter. Contour interval is in mlllig@ams per liter... 0 05 1 2 3 variable. Figure 10. Map showing mean chloride concentrations in water from the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer R1 CR AL e y L. I. OW 4,0 14 40 a 85 FIELD I FIELD 6 FIELD 3 Oil 285 7? FIELD 5 ..9 boll L I N TO A I R I FIELD 2 FORCE *10 z BASE MIZI, .1.4 Q@ CR EK 0 VIl P ISO NICEVILLE 84 51 r4 zi Q It 0.7. D. 1@ so 0 rj 17 I, 14 85 A, 0 z is* 3 Oil 0.0 1340 1 -11-1 13 11 . 1. M19 ;;; 10 2 1 0 0 EGLIN A.F.S. Z -J 96 34 30.,. <1< :78 37 yly HURLBURT 9 A Y EAS, g9AY FIELD ---J C H 0 T iA:W H A C H E 12* 141 [` DR. T -TAM. 6110 0 M 0 61 LITAN AREA RD 160 ANT 0 _012 EXPLMATION 9130 WELL USED FOR CONTROL--4u.ber is CC@I(TOUR 0 EQUAL SOOLUM CONCEN- mean sodim concentration. in @@ATION-illigrams p r III illi�rws per . liter' 0 05 1 2 3 4 M e 'I. :r. C-*.our interval is va b Figure 11. Map showing mean sodium concentrations in water from the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer OCCURRENCE OF ANOMALOUS TEMPERATURES The first occurrence of the high water temperatures was observed on March 10, 1982, during an intensive data collection effort conducted by the Northwest Florida Water Management District in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Data gathered during that study included water levels at six stations and water velocity, salinity, temperature, and conductivity at three depths per station at 19 stations. Figure 12 shows the locations of the monitoring sites.. Observations were made continuously over a 24 hour period beginning on March 9, 1982, at 5:00 p.m. and ending the next day at 4:00 p.m. Four boats with two-person crews comprised of USGS personnel with NWFWMD personnel serving as backup and relief crews comprised the primary data acquisition effort. One District boat and crew served as backup and supply bo at. All effort was coordinated by USGS and District personnel via radio from Stake Point. Temperature readings were obtained using Y-SI Model 33MSCT meters, manufactured by Yellow Springs Instrument Co., Inc. Water temperatures were observed to begin rising at 4:00 a.m. on March 10, 1982, and continued to rise over the following 12 hours until 4:00 p.m. when the data acquisition operation was terminated. Immediately following termination, of the data acquisition phase (after 24 hours of continuous effort), all meters were calibrated and checked with salinity standards and mercury thermometers. All 35 equipment was confirmed to be operating normally. Temperatures in the western half of the Bay rose from a background of 600F, reaching a maximum of 1090F at two stations. This anomaly occurred at eight of the 19 stations monitored and was recorded by two crews using different sets of instruments. The phenomenon is documented graphically in Figure 13, which shows changes in temperature with time and depth at all the stations affected. The tide and flow conditions are also given for reference. Figures 14 and 15 show the areal distribution of temperatures in bottom waters at 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., respectively. For a more detailed account of the occurrence, Tables 1 and 2 in Appendix A contain temperature, conductivity, and time data for all the stations affected. Appendix B, Tables 1 and 2 show'summaries of physical characteristics of data taken at Fourmile Point. 36 EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE NI CEVILLE t23 VALPARAISO 3, 85 to 189 914! 09 08 012 016 *13 6 c; BAY Ulu ----------- AWHATCHEE -------------- %c T 010 cvA - - - - - - - - - - -- N-r-R-A -Co-A -$T-AT 7 -615 018 WALTON IBEACH ell DESTIN .17 so STATION LOCATIONS G UL b. op 0 CURRENT STATION A WATER LEVEL STATION TEMPERAIrdiftE RECORDER Api co 0 .5 1 a 3 4 a MILES. 0 3 KILOMETERS FIGURE 12. LOCATICN OF MONITORING STATIONS 4- EAST PASS -40 N .3- -30 .2- 20 r- .1 - 10 rgrl .0 0 -.1 --io 044 2- -20 .3- -30 4- 40%.- 110- SURFACE (0 2 depth) 100 c_/3 90- 80- C-12 vC-/5 70- C-16 60 tu 110- MID-DEPTH (6.5depth) 100- C 15 r c 13 90- I-C - 14 X"" C- 12 80- Q: 70- 60 IC-16 c_n 110 BOTTOM (0.8 depth) 100- C-14 C-13 90- C-15 so C-16 TO C-12 60 J I IT IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 F @0* C y _'3@ VC-/5@ c 5-10-82 TIME FIGURE 13. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTA TION OF TEMPE RATU RE ANOMALV EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE NICEVILLE VALPARAISO 20 do to 058 060 . ..... 075 082 *77, o d BAY ---------------------- HATcHEE Ulu CT AW 59 ---------- --------------- C vAo 81 081 KW ALTON 3v *79 BEACH 7 ESTIN c- Atoli GUL 0 4f Aelvico .5 1 a 4 MILES 3 KILOMETt" FIGURE 14. AREAL OISTRIBUTION OF BOTTOM(O.9 DEPTH) TEMPERATURES (00 AT 8:00 HOURS ON 3-10-82 EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE NICEVILLE VALPARAISO Dr *59 081 081 0100, BAY -- -------------- @,OCTAWHATCHEE --------- ---------- 7;,-- - 061 ;o.4 ;iA L -*86 . ..... 081 FT WALTON BEACH 0109 DE TIN .109 0" -1 OWN GULF 0'r Af,6 x1co 0 's 1 9 3 4 5 a MILES 0 5 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS FIGURE 15. AREAL DISTRIBUTION OF BOTTOM (0-8 DEPTH) TEMPERATURE AT 16:00 HOURS ON 3-10-82 The following observations may be made from examining Figures 13-15: --The rise in water temperature began at ab .out 4:00 a.m. when the tide was at its lowest level and water at East Pass was flowing out of the Bay at peak flow. --The anomaly was restricted to stations 11 through 18 in the western half of the Bay (which is also the deepest portion of the Bay). --Bottom waters were affected the most as they show the broadest extent and highest temperature change. --Temperatures rose concurrently at most of the stations. The maximum time difference observed was on the order of two hours. --The eastern half of the Bay did not experience any unusual temperature changes as the temperatures remained relatively constant at about 600F. Since the Choctawhatchee River discharges into the eastern end of the Bay, it is apparent that the river is not associated with the anomaly. --The Santa Rosa Sound tidal flows also do not appear to be the source of the high temperatures as values remained around 60OF throughout the 24-hour period. 45 A second occurrence of the anoma lous temperatures was recorded by District personnel on March 24 and 25, 1982, while collecting flow data at the Santa Rosa Sound/Highway 98 bridge. Sporadic trips to the East Pass were made in order to conduct temperature and salinity profiles under the Highway 98 bridge. Table 1 contains a summary of the observat ions. 46 Table 1,--Tem,eralure and Salinity Profiles at the East Pass Direction of Flow OUT IN IN OUT OUT IN* Date 3-24-82 3-24-82 3-24-82 3-25-82 3-25-82 3-24-82 Time 5:40PM 7:30PM 10:20PM 3.:50AM 6:OOAM 9:OOAM Depth (ft) Temperature (OF)/Salinity (ppt) 3 73/9 72/30 75/36 75/8 75/7 77/11 6 73/9 86/30 89/36 75/8 104/7 86/11 9 77/11 86/30 89/37 90/8 100/7 93/11 12 79/20 84/30 88/37 87/9 100/8 93/12 15 79/21 86/30 88/37 86/9 95/9 113/23 18 82/28 86/30 86/37 86/11 95/13 113/28 21 86/28 90130 84/37 86/16 104/14 122/31 24 86/28 90/30 84/37 90/19 109/16 >122/31 27 86/28 90/30 84/37 90/20 113/18 >122/32 30 86/28 90/30 84/37 90/21 113/19 >122/32 33 93/22 113/19 >122/32 36 95/22 113/19 >122/32 *Flowing into the Bay at low velocity. It appeared as if the flow direction had just reversed. Two con clusions that may be drawn from examining these data: --There is a tendency for temperatures to increase with depth. Also, since salinity increases with depth, the more saline waters experienced the highest temperatures. --Overall, temperatures tend to decrease towards the end of the inflow cycle and to increasetowards, the end of the outflow cycle. This would seem to suggest that the high temperatures originated from within the Bay and not from the Gulf of Mexico. This is also apparent from examination of Figure 13 which shows that temperatures began to rise during the outflow cycle. 48 HEAT BUDGET The purpose of this section is to estimate the magnitude of heat required to raise the temperature of the Bay waters to the levels which were observed. This will give an indication of energy requirements and possibly shed some light on the question of whether the phenomenon originated froth natural or man-made sources. All calculations were based on the data collected on March 10, 1982, when the anomalies were first observed. The Bay was divided into sections encompassing the center of influence of each station as shown in Figure 16. In turn, each section was divided into three levels corresponding to the three depths at which data were recorded. The heat capacity equation was then used to calculate the amount of heat present in each level given the temperature, salinity, and volume of water involved. Specific heat values at co 'nstant pressure were obtained from Cox and Smith (1959) for-the ranges of salinity and temperature observed. 49 NICEVILLE 0 sin A faqua @VALPARAISO soggy Bayou Bayou m Gr ssy Rocky C v Bayou Eglin AFB White Stake Pt. Pt. arnier Buccaroo Bayou Pt. Liveoak Pt. SHALIMAR Four Black pt. Mile Pt. Hogtown Bayou Cinco Joe I ob 's, pine Bayou. r, 'PI. ----'-----'-tj4orsesnoe FT. WALTON Bay Pt-Indian u MORENO PT- Bayou BCH. DEST ayo -SANTA-ROS - S.-@:;v Pass GULF OF MEXICO used in calculating Heat Budgets. Figure 16. Sections The form of the heat capacity equation used is: E. FVPC p (T 2- T1) Where E = energy expended in raising water temperature from T I to T2 (billion kilowatt-hours) P = density of water (gms/cm3) Cp= specific heat of water at given temperature and salinity (calories/gM-OC) T1 J2= temperature (degree Celsius) = uni t conversion factor (1 .163 x 10-15 bi 11 ion kilowatt-hours/calorie) V volume of water (cm3) 53 Heat'amounts were estimated at three different times. Namely, at 4:00 a.m. (immediately before temperatures began rising), 8:00 a.m., and 4:00 p.m. (the end of the monitoring period). Finally, the heat values at 4:00 a.m. were subtracted from those at 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. In order to obtain the heat gain, respectively, over a 4-hour and 12-hour period. The resulting values were 9.2 and 12.4 billion kilowatt-hours of energy generated over four and 12 hours, respectively. Accordingly, about 74 percent of the total energy produced was generated during the first four hours of the event. The numbers given above are so large that it seems improbable for that energy to have originated from man-made sources. This is clearly apparent when one considers that the amount of thermoelectric energy generated in the state of Florida in the year 1980 totaled 129.4 billion kilowatt-hours (Leach, 1983). Thus, the total energy associated with the anomaly is equivalent to over one month of thermoelectric energy consumption in the entire state. It should be pointed out that the numbers given herein are only approximations, since the data used in their development is relatively sparse. Data from only eight stations were applied over a total surface area on the order of 60 square miles. Nonetheless, the numbers suggest that the phenomenon may have been a natural occurrence. Even if the volume of water used in the calculations were ten times too large, the resulting values would still be large enough to practically eliminate the possibility of a man-made source. 54 WATER BUDGET A water budget consists of a balance of water volumes within a given area. The balance is based on the hydrologic equation which states that, water inflow minus outflow is equal to the change in storage over a given period of time. In the case of Chactawhatchee Bay, changes in storage over time may be calculated on the basis of all known inflow/outflow points. Changes in storage may be expressed as water level fluctuations and compared against observed water level data. If observed and calculated levels compare favorably, it may be concluded that all inflow/outflow points feeding the Bay were monitored. Otherwise, significant differences may indicate the presence of an unknown source. The water budget was developed on the basis of the data collected on March 10, 1982, wh en the anomaly was first observed. The data used in the water balance calculations included hourly flow values at East Pass, Santa Rosa Sound, Intracoastal Waterway, Choctawhatchee River, and other streams which discharge into the Bay. The individual flows from each of the flow points were accumulated to arrive at the new hourly flow into or out of the Bay. In turn, the new hourly flows were converted into water levels by spreading the hourly changes in volume over the surface area of the Bay (120 square miles). The calculated water levels were compared to the observed water levels in order to detect any significant errors. 55 The water budget calculations and results are given in Tables 2A and 2B. Positive flows indicate water flow into the Bay and the positive differences between observed and calculated levels represent higher observed than calculated values. An examination of the water level differences reveals that the largest difference is in the order of 0.07 ft. Since the observed .values were obtained by averaging the high and low readings produced by wave action on the staff gage, this value is within the expected range of measurement error. Other errors may arise as a result of streamflow measurement errors and the time lag between the flows and the tides. In summary, the differences between observed and calculated water levels is not significant and, consequently, it may be concluded that all of the Bay's flow points were included in the data collection. 56 Table 2A.--Water Budget FLOW, cubic feet per secon d Santa Intra- Date/ East Rosa coastal Time Pass Sound Waterway River Total 3-9-82 6:OOPM 20,000 1,000 120 9,550 30,670 7:OOPM 16,000 3,000 560 9,550 29,110 8:OOPM 22,000 4,000 1,000 9,550 36,550 9:OOPM 34,000 3,600 1,400 9,550 48,550 10:OOPM 32,000 3,500 1,500 9,550 46,550 ll:OOPM 20,000 3,600 1,360 9,550 34,510 3-10-82 12:OOAM 10,000 4,800 1,200 9,550 25,550 1:00AM - 2,000 59200 1,280 9,550 14,030 2:00AM -16,000 6,000 2,000 9,550 1,550 3:OOAM -26,000 8,000 1,880 9,550 - 6,570 4:OOAM -34,000 9,800 880 9,550 -13,770 5:OOAM -25,000 5,000 0 9,550 -10,450 6:00AM -21,000 - 3,500 -1@200 9,550 -16,150 7:OOAM -16,000 - 7,000 -1,500 9,550 -14,950 8:OOAM -12,000 - 9,600 -1,500 9,550 -13,550 9:00AM - 7,000 -10,400 -1,200 9,550 - 9,050 10:OOAM - 3,000 -10,600 - 880 9,550 - 4,930 :OOAM 200 - 9,100 - 680 9,550 - 30 12:OOPM 2,300 - 8,100 - 580 9,550 3,170 11 1:00PM 8,300 - 7,000 - 450 9,550 10,400 2:OOPM 12,500 - 5,400 - 300 99550 16,350 Table 2B.--Water Budget WATER SURFACE ELEVATI'ON (Referenced to NGVD) Elevation (ft) Date/ Time Calculated Observed Difference 3-9-82 6:OOPM -.16 -.16 .0 7:OOPM -.129 -.12 .009 8:OOPM -.089 -.08 .009 9:OOPM -.037 -.05 -.013 10:OOPM -.013 .0 .013 Il:OOPM .05 .04 -.01 3-10-82 12:OOAM .078 .09 .012 1:00AM .093 .14 .047 2:00AM .094 .17 .076 3:00AM .087 .16 .073 4:OOAM .072 .13 .058 5:OOAM .061 .10 .039 6:OOAM .044 .09 .046 7:OOAM .028 .08 .052 8:OOAM .013 .07 .057 9:OOAM .003 .06 .057 10:OOAM -.002 .05 .052 ll:OOAM -.002 .06 .062 12:0OPM .001 .07 .069 I:OOPM .013 .08 .067 2:OOPM .03 .10 .07 DEVELOPMENT OF STUDY ASPECTS Because the high temperatures were observed during the course of data acquisition in another project, it was felt that this phenomenon, if it occurred again, should be' properly documented since it could exert an important influence on the Bay. One of the first difficulties encountered was to design a study regi men that would have the greatest chance of recording these changes. In order to properly design a study scheme, several potential causes for the temperature anomaly had to be considered. The most likely being that old oil test wells in the area had corroded their casings and were leaking hot saltwater into the local aquifer. The indication that a high geothermal gradient is present in the area is documented by Smith and Fuller (1977), and by previous District investigations of deep wells in the area. The use of old free-flowing artesian oil test wells to develop commercial spas was at one time a fairly common practice in Florida and many spas were developed in this manner. One such well was drilled near the Brooks Bridge on Okaloosa Island. it did not yield the needed flows and remains unused in the parking lot of a local business in Fort Walton Beach. This well, known locally as the "Docie Bass" well, was drilled in 196-0 to a depth of 59400 feet and had an artesian head of 23 feet above msl with a reported temperature of 1320F (Milner, 1984). Pertinent data on this well is included in Table 3. Note that the temperature is low because the well is not presently flowing and the temperature represents the 59 temperature in the upper casing. Another deep well (W-3365) was located at Fourmile Point, 2.5 miles east of Sampling Site 11. it was drilled in 1954 to a depth of 6,010 feet, a depth at which the temperature should be approximately 1460F. A third well was drilled at Destin in 1954 to a depth of 6,250 feet.. Pertinent data is lacking on this well. The latter wells have repo rtedly been abandoned, by setting several cement plugs in the casing and cutting the casing about four feet below land-surface (a common practice in the oil industry). These two wells could not be located during this study. The existence of a known high thermal gradient in the area and the presence of old oil test holes suggested a possible relationship with the observed anomalous high temperatures observed in Choctawhatchee Bay. Other possibilities, however remote, were considered. These included the possible presence of an unknown geologic fault, possible thermal submarine springs, a chemical discharge of unknown origin and even activities from local military in-stallations. All logical conclusions seemed to implicate the old oil test wells. The exact mechanism for such a large transfer of heated water was not determined, but the study was designed based on their assumed role in the problem. Additionally, a possible relationship between the discharge from the wells and extremes in the tidal system was part of the consideration since the anomalies were observed during the spring equinoxo when the mean tide reaches the lowest level of its annual cycle. Data from a deep monitor in the Bay was to document the temperature in the Bay during the autumnal 60 equinox. Data obtained from East Pass would document any high temperature water leaving or entering the Bay. Both the bridge and the deep sensor were to be discontinued in the Fall of 1983. 61 Table 3.@--Water-quality analyses of water from Docie Bass deep well and from Choctawhatchee Bay [Concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg/L) except as noted] (Data from U.S.G.S.) Docie Bass Well at Fort Walton Beach Choctawhatchee Bay near Stake Point Station ID: 302355086355401 Station ID: 302558086255600 Lat 30023'55", Long 86'35'54" Lat 30-25'58", Long 86'25'56" Collection date: March 30, 1982 Collection date: March 31, 1982 Time: 1540 Time: 1700 Depth of sample: at land surface (a Depth of sample: 22 ft. flowing well) Water-quality parameter Value Water-quality parameter Value Alkalinity, total CaCO 3 55 Alkalinity, total CaCO 3 100 calcium, dissolved 5,600 calcium, dissolved 380 chloride, dissolved 66,000 chloride, dissolved 17,000 fluoride, dissolved 0.1 depth, loc. vert (feet) 27.0 hardness 18,000 fluoride, dissolved 0.5 hardness N. Carb L-EP 18,000 hardness 5,500 magnesium, dissolved 900 hardness N. Carb L-EP 5,400 pH, laboratory (units) 8.0 magnesium, dissolved 1,100 pH, field (units) 7.7 pH, laboratory (units) 7.6 potassium, dissolved 230 potassium, dissolved 320 residue, dissolved 110,000 residue, dissolved 29,600 calculated sum calculated sum residue on evaporation, 114,000 residue on evaporation 31,500 dissolved, at 1800C dissolved, at 180*C silica, dissolved 11 silica, dissolved 0'5 sodium, absorption ratio 121 sodium, absorption ratio 49' sodium, dissolved 37,000 sodium, dissolved 83.0 sodium (percent) 82 sodium (percent) 75 specific conductance (lab) 146,000 specific conductance, 36,000 strontium, dissolved 170,000 field (umhos) (ug/L) specific conductance, 39,600 sulfate, dissolved 460 laboratory (umhos) water temperature (*C) 24.0 strontium, dissolved 37,000 (ug/L) sulfate, dissolved 2,400 water temperature (OC) 17.0 DATA ACQUISITION In order to document the occurr ence of the high temperaturesq two continuous recorders were installe d in Choctawhatchee Bay as part of this investigation. Their locations are shown in Figure 17. One recorder was installed at East Pass on the Bridge at Destin. This recorder, a U.S.G.S. Mini Monitor, is composed of a battery-operated electronics package, a Leopold Stevens Digital Input and Output 16-channel paper tape recorder, probes and extention cables with underwater connectors. The unit turns itself on every recording interval, scans, and records the parameters on the paper tape and then turns itself off until the next time to record. The.recording interval is controlled by an internal crystal clock and is user-settable from 1-79 minutes. The electronics unit is housed in a water-tight canister 1011 high by 10 1/2" diameter. Four probes were installed; a conduc tance and temperature probe at 16 feet and 30 feet below the surface. The total water-depth was 36 feet. The Mini Monitor system was located on a catwalk on the north side of the,north bridge spanning East Pass and housed in an aluminum shelter about eight feet above the water surface. A four-inch diameter section of PVC pipe was attached to the bottom of the shelter and extended to four feet bel ow the water surface. The pipe provided a protective conduit for the cables and anchor line where they were susceptible to damage by boats. The anchor line was a 63 length of parachute cord attached to the shelter floor and extended to a concrete weight on the bottom of the Bay directly below the shelter. The cables were run down the line and attached loosely with plastic ties about every six.feet. This ensured that the cables would not "wave" about with changes in current speed and direction, yet facilitated their removal for cleaning or. replacement. Data obtained from this monitor was from April 20, 1982, to October 5, 1983. 64 NICEVILLE VALPARAIS Boggy Basin Isayou r1-- Bayou Alaq Rocky m Grassy Bayou Cove Eglin A B While Pt. Sla e arnier Buccaroo %@ Pt., Bayou Pt. SHALIMAR Liveoak 6 1 ack pt. Four Pt. Cinco Mile Bayou Pt. Hogtown FT. WALTON J o e s C o b Ws @PP i nn ee @y@ Bayou BCH. Bayou Pt.indian Pt. DESTIN Bayou MORENO PT. -------tHorseshoe -SANTA-ROSA-IS. E. Bayou Pass GULF OF MEXICO A INATER-OUALITY MINI MONITOR LOCATION WATER-OUALITY SAMPLING SITE Figure 17. Locations of water-quality sampl-ing, April 5, 1982. On*March 8, 1983, a submerged recording device known as a "Data Logger" (Figure 18) w as placed on station between Piney.Point and Fourmile Point. The logger was placed in 25 feet of water and, along with chain, c.ables and f I o a t s ,extends from the bottom to within seven feet of the water surface. A surface float was anchored in the vicinity. Commercial fishermen and other boat operators utilizing nets or other subsurface equipment were requested to not pass closer than 300 yards of the logger. Total weight of the installation was in excess of 500 pounds. The location of this device was: latitude 3002513511, longitude 86023'26"; 0.5 nautical miles south of the In tracoastal Waterway; 0.6 nautical miles northeast of Danger Area 204-130 on NOAA nautical chart 11385, West Bay to Santa Rosa Sound; and 0.05 nautical miles north of a line between channel markers '151" and "49". Record from the data logger was complete for the periods March 19 to May 10, and July 13 to October 4, 1983. During the interim period, May 11 to July 12, the logger was not on station but at a shrimper's house after he accidently recovered it with his nets. The reliability of the logger was proven when, after being banged around and transported back to Florida State University, and after being out of the water for about two months, it was still recording data every 3.75 minutes when opened. Based on calibration tests after recovery, water temperatures are considered to be accurate to within 0 . 180C 9 velocities within 0.407 centimeters per second (0.02 feet per second, and compass directions within 10. 67 Data from both the Mini Monitor at the East Pass and from the submerged Data Logger are presented in Appendix B and as Table 4. it is apparent that no temperature anomalies were recorded by either instrument during the monitoring period. 68 Fo Er C-. 00 r+ -1 oj :E 0 _x 0 0) =:q C+ _0 r) 0 =r M C+ ca (A 0 --h 18 FEET -n cL %w 0 C+ cu 0 to U3 CD s CL m _0 0 z l< DATA rf) TRANSPONDER CL LOGGER 0 ;u m z K m -1 0 m 2 - @R @rC __I I<> z m Table 4.1--Current direction, velocity, and water temperatures near Fourmile Point in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida Average Average Maximum Minimum Average maximum Minimum current temper- temper- temper- velocity velocity velocity direction ature ature ature Date (cm/s) (cm/s) (cm/s) Ctrue) (CC) (00 (100 03/20/83 10.36 19.91 2.18 124 15.3 15.4 15.2 03/21/83 9.45 16.66 2.88 293 15.3 15.4 15.1 03/22/83 8.39 11.72 4.64 148 15.5 15.6 15.4 03/23/83 9.29 17.63 2.19 155 15.4 15.5 15.3 03/24/83 14.42 30.57 4.05 244 15.5 15.6 15.4 03/25/83 5.51 10.01 1.43 .054 15.5 15.6 15.4 03/26/83 15.63 33.42 2.17 107 15.6 15.7 15.3 03/27/83 13.58 24.11 4.10 259 15.2 15.5 14.9 03/28/83 6.48 11.91 2.16 240 15.4 15.6 15.1 03/29/83 9.80 18.01 2.95 141 15.4 15.6 15.0 -03/36/83 8.47 16.67 2.94 121 15.3 15.4 15.2 03/31/83 10.21 18.39 2.18 284' 15.3 15.4 15.1 04/01/83 10.00 20.63 3.50 115 15.5 15.6 15.3 04/02/83 16.87 34.40 3.21' 250 15.6 15.9 15.4 04/03/83 8.27 17.42 2.19 132 15.5 15.6 15.4 04/04/83 10.39 21.25 2.19 109 15.6 15.7 15.5 04/05/83 11.17 18.58 2.37 ill 15.8 16.0 15.7 04/06/83 7.08 14.76 2.01 159 15.9 16.0 15.8 04/07/83 10.85 29.41 2.16 123 16.1 16.5 15.8 04/08/83 8.25 23.32 2.75 210 16.6 17.0 16.2 04/09/83 19.81 40.49 6.57 238 18.0 18.4 16.8 04/10/83 9.13 26.58 2.17 296 17.9 18.7 16.8 04/11/83 8.57 17.04 2.93 270 18.3 18.8 17.0 04/12/83 7.47 16.68 2.17 066 17.6 18.9 16.8 04/13/83 11.58 17.05 5.95 107 17.0 17.5 16.6 04/14/83 9.74 21.04 2.15 134 17.5 18.5 16.7 04/15/83 12.96 28.29 3.06 196 19.0 19.5 18.3 04/16/83 6.87 16.10 2.38 274 18.1 18.9 17.7 04/17/83 7.84 23.72 2.14 277 18.0 18.4 17.6 04/18/83 8.88 17.05 2.13 242 18.1 18.3 17.8 04/19/83 10.32 18.58' 2.76 126 17.8 18.1 17.2 04/20/83 9.26 18.20 2.18 104 17.9 18.1 17.7 04/21/83 10.17 21.42 2.18 137 17.8 17.9 17.7 04/22/83 7.24 14.19 2.11 120 17.7. 17.9 17.5 04/23/83 14.34 28.48 2.12 236 17.9 18.6 17.6 Table 4.--Current direction, velocity, and water temperatures near Fourmile Point in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida--Continued Average Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum current temper- temper- temper- velocity velocity velocity direction ature ature ature Date (cm/s) (cm/sY (cm/S) Ctrue) (00 (CC) (-C) 04/24/83 6.93 17.99 2.74 034 18.2 18.6 17.9 04/25/83 8.06 13.62 3.11 124 17.9 18.4 17.7 04/26/83 7.21 15.15 2.18 108 18.0 18.4 17.8 04/27/83 6.93 12.48 2.19 ill 18.0 18.0 17.9 04/28/83 6.09 11.34 2.19 097 18.0 18.0 17.9 I 04/29/83 7.02 12.67 2.14 124 17.9 18.0 17.9 04/30/83 6.03 13.02 2.19 131 17.9 18.0 17.9 05/01/83 4.71 10.19. 2.16 105 17.9 18.0 17.9 05/02/83 6.04 12.10 2.81 115 17.9 18.0 17.9 05/03/83 7.49 15.89 2.68 256 18.1 18.6 17.9 05/04/83 5.96 11.91 2.36 077 18.0 18.3 17.9 05/05/83 8.86 21".63 2.16 246' 18.3 19.4 17.9 05/06/83 9.04 13.63 2.19 138 18.4 19.0 18.0 05/07/83. 7.77 12.86 2.19 166 19.0 20.0 18.5 05/08/83 8.34 15.73 2.19 272 18.8 19.8 18.5 05/09/83 9.69 15.91 3.33 165 18.6 19.3 18.3 05/10/83 5.64 9.82 2.38 182 18.8 19.1 18.7 07/14/83 6.97 11.31 2.18 309 26.0 26.3 25.8 07/15/83 6.01 10.19 2.06 205 26.2 26.6 25.9 07/16/83 5.88 11.53 1.79 318 26.6 27.1 26.1 07/17/83 6.18 12.32 1.64 037 26.1 26.6 26.0 07/18/83 7.17 14.22 1.59 273 26.2 26.6 26.0 07/19/83 7.53 11.46 2.65 247 26.5 26.8 26.0 07/20/83 4.51 8.24 2.09 049 26.7 27.0 26.5 07/21/83 5.36 8.67 2.13 008 26.8 27.0 26.6 07/22/83 6.17 14.15 1.44 046 26.7 27.2 26.3 07/23/83 8.28 13.71 3.68 255 26.6 27.5 26.2 07/24/83 8.40 14.35 2.94 155 26.6 26.8 26.3 07/25/83 8.05 14.78 3.08 053 26.6 26.8 26.5 07/26/83 8.24 15.84 3.14 244 26.7 26.9 26.6 07/27/83 7.51 13.05 2.95 286 27.0 27.5 26.8 07/28/83 8.28 12.01 3.89 318 27.2 27.5 26.8 07/29/83 8.56 13.00 3.49 301 27.3 27.6 27.1 07/N/83 15.93 1.88 075 27.6. 27.9 27.3 07/31/83 8.88 13.40 5.71 334 27.4 27.9 27.1 Table 4.1--Current direction, velocity, and water temperatures near Fourmile Point in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida--Continued Average Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum current temper- temper- temper- velocity velocity velocity direction ature ature ature Date (cm/s) (cm/s) (cm/s) (*true) (00 _(OC) CIO 08/01/83 6.64 11.22 2.95 090 27.4 27.5 27.4 08/02/83 6.83 10.79 1.43 024 27.4 27.8 27.2 08/03/83 6.97 10.53 2.51 021 27.5 28.0 27.3 08/04/83 6.69 21.81 2.17 009 27.5 28.1 27.3 08/05/83 5.80 11.34 2.14 225 27.3 27.5 27.2 08/06/83 6.77 12.35 2.18 .033 27.5 2 8.0 27.2 08/07/83 6.89 12.29 1.99 244 27.4 28.0 27.2 08/08/83 7.78 12.10 4.27 279 27.6 27.9 27.3 08/09/83 5.85 9.81 2.16 252 27.4 27.8 27.3 08/10/83 6.25 10.39 2.95 280 27.5 27.8 27.2 08/11'/83 7.94 14.19 1.46 340 27. 5 27.9 27-.3 08/12/83 7.38 2.17 208 27.6 28.0 27.4 08/13/83 6.93 13.05 2.56 005 27.6 27.9 27.5 08/14/83 8.25 12.08 2.72 279 27.7 28.0 27.5 08/15/83 7.99 13.02 2.10 312 28.4 28.7 28.0 08/16/83 6.55 9.99 3.52 096 28.2 28.7 28.0 08/17/83 3.95 7.53 2.13 072 28.0 28.2 27.9 08/18/83 4.68 9.62 2.15 264 28.0 28.2 27.8 08/19/83 4.03 7.70 1.67 027 27.9 28.1 27.8 08/20/83 5.39 9.82 2.76 320 28.0 28.2 27.8 08/21/83 5.24 9.52 2.12 329 28.0 28.4 27.9 08/22/83 5.88 10.64 2.18 241 28.1 28.4 27.9 08/23/83 7.61 10.38 4.84 307 28.8 29.1 28.3- 08/24/83 5.49 8.80 2.16 059 28.4 28.7 28.2 08/25/83 6.75 11.14 2.16 267 28.4 28.7 28.1 08/26/83 9.13 16.59 2.57 310 29.0 29.4 28.6 08/27/83 7.40 12.87 2.37 097 29.3 29.6 29.1 08/28/83 7.75 11.53 2.95 088 29.0 29.1 29.0 08/29/83 6.43 20.30 2.14 227 28.9 29.1 28.8 08/30/83 4.00 6.96 2.09 130 28.9 29.0 28.8 08/31/83 4.09 7.14 1.92 244 29'. 0 29.2 28.9 09/01/83 8.04 18.37 2.5@ 302 29.2 29.4 29.0 09/02/83 7.10 16.29 2.18 091 29.6 29.8 29.4 09/03/83 4.40 8.48 2.16 .206 29.2 29.5 29.0 09/04/83 7.36 14.19 2.18 038 29.2 29.6 29.0 Table 4.;@7-Current direction, velocity, and water temperatures near Fourmile Point in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida--Continued Average Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum current temper- temper- temper- velocity velocity velocity direction ature ature ature Date (cm/s) (cm/s) (cm/s) Ctrue) (00 (00 (CC) 09/05/83 9.05 19.30 2.76 281 29.3 29.6 29.0 09/06/83 6.96 10.86 2.19 122 29.4 29.5 29.4 09/07/83 5.60 8.86 2.18 352 29.4 29.6 29.3 09/08/83 4.82 10.01 2.15 162 29.4 29.5 29.3 09/09/83 5.93 8.86 2.12 282 29.4 29.5 29.3 09/10/83 5.23 9.05 2.02 .319 29.5 29.6 29.4 09/11/83 7.15 16.26 2.17 002 29.5 29.7 29.4 09/12/83 8.06 16.85 2.91 311 29.4 29.5 29.3 09/13/83 10.79 17.21 6.19 290 29.4 29.5 29.3 09/14/83 7.04 11.53 3.71 213 29.3 29.3 29.3 09/15i83 7.56 9.43 5.05 244 29.4 29 .4 29.3 09/16/83 6.09 11.15 2.18 235 29.3 29.4 29.2 09/17/83 4.24 8.67 2.06 025 29.3 29.3 29.2 09/18/83 5.98 9.61 2.94 164 29.3 29.3 29.3 09/19/83 4.65 8.29 1.78 088 29.2 29.3 29.1 09/20/83 5.63 10.95 1.86 .006 29.2 29.3 29.1 09/21/83 7.84 13.61 2.75 042 29.1 29.2 28.8 09/22/83 7.75 13.97 4.46 144 29.0 29.1 29.0 09/23/83 6.09 10.24 1.66 122 28.8 29.0 28.3 09/24/83 8.17 14.39 4.05 101 28.3 28.8 27.0 09/25/83 7.75 13.96 3.90 090 27.3 28.0 25.5 09/26/83 5.56 10.38 1.52 121 26.2 27.0 25.0 09/27/83 6.18 .9.81 2.19 100 25.9 26.6 24.9 09/28/83 4.75 8.85 2.08 118 25.9 26.7 25.1 09/29/83 4.75 8.45 2.17 095 26.2 27.1 25.1 09/30/83 4.09 .7.34 2.12 351 26.5 26.8 26.1 10/01/83 3.53 5.98 1.56 093 27.0 27.8 25.9 10/02/83 4.23 7.87 2.18 101 26.9 27.8 26.2 10/03/83 4.22 7.53 2.13 285 26.2 27.0 25.7 DISCUSSION ON POTENTIAL HEAT SOURCES This section presents a brief discussion on the viability of potential heat sources in light of both the information available on the occurrence of the warming anomaly and knowledge about the hydrology, hydraulics, and hydrogeology of the Bay system. The following alternatives were considered as potential heat sources: I. Measurement Error II. Man-made Source III. Natural Source A. Surface Water B. Ground Water I. Instrument and/or Measurement Error It is unlikely that measurement errors generated the uninterrupted pattern of rising temperatures observed in Figure 13. Generally, measurement errors of the magnitude observed display a discontinuous, random pattern. In addition, it would be very unlikely for the following events to take p lace concurrently: --Two of the four crews registered the anomaly, and their monitoring areas were adjoining. --Two crews using different sets of instruments recorded the anomaly which followed similar patterns and was observed over the same period of time. 75 --Temperatures began rising at about the same time at all stations. --All stations for which the anomaly occurred were contiguous. --The same crew with the same instrument registered the high temperatures at some stations but not at others. --All instrume nts were re-calibrated and checked after acquisition. Finally, the anomaly was again observed and documented a few weeks later at the East Pass station whereas no high temperatures were detected at the Santa Rosa Sound site at the same time using the same instruments. II. Man-made Source As indicated in the discussion of a Heat Budget, the amount of heat released into the Bay over a four to 12 hour period is equivalent to the monthly production of thermoelectric energy for the entire state of Florida. It is d i f f i c u 1 tto envision how an operation causing temperatures of this magnitude would.go unnoticed. Accordingly, it seems unlikely for such a large amount of energy to 76 have been not only generated but also wasted by man. III. Natural Source A. Surface Water The various sources of surface water in the Bay are the Choctawhatchee River, East Pass, Santa Rosa Sound, Intracoastal Waterway, and other streams. The Choctawhatchee River, Intracoastal Waterway, and Santa Rosa Sound may be immediately excluded from the list of heat sources since no temperature extremes were observed at those sites. The East Pass was flowing out of the Bay at the time the phenomenon occurred, indicating that the heat did not originate in the Gulf of Mexico but rather, within the Bay. Lastly, the cumulative flow of water from all the streams that empty into the Bay would be insufficient to produce such high temperatures. Our estimates indicate that between nine and 19 million cfs-OC of hot water inflow would be required to generate the observed temperatures. For water at IOO0C (2-12F) this translates into a flow. of between 90,000 and 190,000 cfs, far exceeding the observed flows of the Bay. In addition, had the heat originated from the streams, the surface waters would have shown higher temperatures than bottom waters when the opposite actually occurred. Perhaps the most important observation about surface water sources is that it would be practically impossible for the heat to have originated at a single location in the Bay. Instead, it would 77 have to have been discharged at many locations at the same time. This is a result of the constraints which the Bay's hydraulics poses on the distribution of heat. As mentioned earlier, peak velocities within the Bay rarely exceed one foot per second. Assuming that a point source of hot water existed at the center of the affected area and that water flowed constantly at one foot per second, it would have taken about ten hours for the heat to reach the perimeter of the hot area. From the observed data, the warming trend started at about the same time for most of the stations, and the maximum time differential observed at a couple of stations was in the order of one to two hours. Clearly, the- heat source must have been of a distributed nature. B. Ground Water Due to the distribution of heat occurrence, ground water would appear to be a likely source of the hot water. Several factors point in that direction, as follows: --Temperatures started rising at low tide when the East Pass was flowing out at peak velocities. --The bottom waters experienced higher temperatures than mid-depth and surface waters, indicating that warming originated at the bottom. --Warming of the bottom waters occurred simultaneously throughout the affected area, thus suggesting that warm ground water was discharged into the bottom of 78 the Bay throughout the affected area. Although ground water seems to be the most feasible alternative, difficulty is encountered in determining the mechanism by which the hot water entered the Bay. The magnitude of the flow-temperature combination required to produce the warming of the Bay waters over a 12-hour period was estimated to be nine million Cfs-OC. Assuming a water temperature of 1000C (2120F), the ground water flow into the Bay would have been in the order of 90,000 cfs. That amount of flow over a 12-hour period would have caused the level of water in the Bay to rise by about 1.2 feet above the normal level. Since no such anomaly was observed in the water level data, as indicated in the water budget section, it must be concluded that the volume of ground water inflow to the Bay was negligible relative to that of the surface waters,and consequently, the hot waters do not seem to have originated from ground water inflow to the Bay. 79 SUMMARY Extremely high temperatures were recorded in the waters of Choctawhatchee Bay on two separate occasions. The first time, March 10, 1982, the anomaly was monitored throughout a 12-hour period. Two weeks later, March 24, 1982, high temperatures were again detected in the East Pass. In order to document the occurrence, two temperature monitors were installed in the Bay as part of this investigation. No anomalous temperatures were recorded. Calculations were performed using data from the 12-hour occurrence in order to quantify the amount of heat observed. The total amount of heat generated, equivalent to approximately 12.4 billion kilowatt-hours of energy, is comparable to the amount of thermoelectric energy generated by the state of Florida in a month. This result is only an estimate subject to the limitations inherent in using sparse data. A brief discussion of the viability of potential heat sources was presented for the sake of argument. At this time, there is not sufficient data to fully explain the phenomenon or draw definitive conclusions as to its origin. Accordingly, it may be advisable that a temperature gage be installed in the Bay and be operated over a 80 I I period of several years. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 81 SELECTED REFERENCES Cox, R.A., and Smith, N.D., 1959, The Specific Heat of Sea Water: Proceeds of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Volume 252, No. 1268, pp. 51-62. Leach, S.D., 1983, Source, Use, and Disposition of Water in Florida, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations 82-4090. Wagner, J.R. , Lewis, C. , Hayes., L.R. , and Barr, D.E., 1980, Hydrologic Data for Okaloosa, Walton, and Southeastern Santa Rosa Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 80-7 41. Barr, D.E., Maristany, A.E., and Kwader, T., 1981, Water Resources of Southern Okaloosa and Walton Counties, Northwest Florida: Northwest Florida Water Management District, Water Resources Assessment 81-1. Hayes, L.R., and Barr, D.E., 1983, Hydrology of the Sand-And-Gravel Aquifer, Southern Okalo osa and Walton Counties, Northwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4110. Smith, D.L., and Griffin, George M., Eds., The Geothermal Nature 82 I I of the Floridan Plateau: Florida Bureau of Geology, Special I Publication No. 21, 1977. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 83 I I I I I I I I APPENDIX A I Temperature and Conductance Data From Choctawhatchee, Bay, March 9-10, 1982 1 I I I I I I I I 1 85 Table 1---Temperature and specific conductance at sites 11-15 in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida, March 9-10, 1982 [All values at 0.8 total depth except as follows: T = top; M = middle) Temper- Temper- Temper- ature Conduc- ature Conduc- ature Conduc- Time (00 tance Time (00 tance Time (CC) tance Site 11 Site 12 Site 13 1845 19.5 31,000 1830 19.0 291.500 1750 18.5 35,200 2050 19.0 31,000 2035 19.0 32,000 2015 20.0 36,500 2245 19.0 30,500 2125 19.5 31,500 2205 20.0 35,500 0055 19.5 30,000 0035 19.0 30,500 0005 20.0 36,500 0245 20.0 30,000 0230 19.5 33,00 0 0200 20.0 36,000 0500 19.5 291500 0440 19.5 31,000 0415 19.0 35,500 0740 26.0 31,200 0720 24.0 31,500 0700 25.5 36,000 (29.5T) (10,500) (25.5M) (30.5T) (15,300) 1040 23.0 29,300 0945 22.0 32,500 0900 25.0 35,500 1415 28*5 32,000 (24.5T) (15,100) (27.OT) (15,500) 1640 43.0 33,500 1355 23.0 32,500 1320 29.5 36,000 (30.OM) (15,000)@ 1555 38.0 36,500 1650 27.0 31,000 (31.OM) (14,000) .Site 14 Site 15 1725 17.5 15,500 1700 19.0. 33,000 1950 19.0 16,500 1930 20.5 37,500 2140 18.5 15,000 2130 21.5 37,000 2330 19.0 17,000 2320 21.0 37,500 0140 19A 15,500 0125 20.5 37,500 0355 18.5 15,000 0340 20.0 37,000 0635 29.5 15,300 0620 22.0 37,100 0835 31.5 15,200 0800 27.0 37,000 1300 22.5 16,000 (28.5M) (32,200) (16,000) 1240 28.0 37,000 1530 27.0 15,500 (37.5M) (15,500) 1500 30.0 37,000 Table 2. .--Temperature and specific conductance at sites 16-19 in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida, March 9-10, 1982 [All values at 0.8 total depth except as follows: M = middle] Time Temperature Conductance Time Temperature Conductance (OC) (OC) Site 16 Site 17, 1730 15.0 36,200 1700 15.0 38,800 1940 15.0 35,200 1920 15.0 36,500 2140 15.0 28,400 2120 15.0 38,500 2325 14.0 15,000 2300 15.0 39,500 0130 15.0 0110 15.0 39,800 0340 14.5 20,200 0315 14.5 34,000 0535 23.0 37,000 0515' 21.0 25,500 0745 28.0 37,000 0723 24.0 17,500 1054 27.0 35,800 1007 26.5 17,200 1455 27.0 36,000 1430 42.5 40,000 Site 18 Site 19 1740 15.0 36,000 1805 14.0 16,500 2000 15.0 36,500 2020 14.0 16,000 2153 14.0 16,500 2212 14.0 16,000 2342 14.0 16,300 .0007 14.0 16,000 0143 15.0 35,000 0200 13.5 15,800 0355 14.5 35,000 0415 14.0 16,000 0605 17.0 36,500 0630 14.5 16,000 0803 28.0 37,000 0827 14.0 15,500 (29.OM) (18,000) 1400 16.0 16,200 1335 20*5 35,200 1535 15.5 16,200 1510 26.5 36,800 I I I I I , I I I APPENDIX B Mini - Monitor Data at East Pass I and I Summaries of Fourmile Point Data I I I I I I I I 1 89 Table 2.@ Monthly summaries of velocity and water temperatures near Fourmile Point in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida, 1983 Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum velocity velocity velocity temperature, temperature temperature Month (cm/s) (cm/s)l (cm/s) (00 (00 (CC) March1 10.13 33.42 1.43 15.4 15.7 14.9 Apr 1 9.51 40.49 2.01 17.4 18.9 15.3 May 7.35 21.63 2.16 18.3 20.0 17.9 June No record July1 7.22 15.93 1.44 26.7 28.1 25.8 August 6.43 21.81 1.43 28.0 29.6 27.2 Septembir 6.49 19.30 1.52 28.7 29.7 24.9 October 7.13 7.87 1.56 26.7 27.0 25.7 1Partial record for month. Table 3.' Average current speed, direction, and range of water temperature near Four-mile Point in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida Average Average current current Temperature (*C) Period (cm/s) direction Minimum Maximum 03/19/83-05/10/83 2.19 162.8 14.9 20.0 07/14/83-10/03/83 0.44 348.8 24.9 29.7 United States DepartmentDo f Interior - Geological Survey Process ate is 05-02-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Temperature, Water (Deg. 0, Water Year October 1981 to September 1982 Sampling Depth 30.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min April May June July Aug. Sept. I - - - - - - 22 .0 21 .0 29.0 27 .0 29.0 24.0 --- - - - 30.5 29.0 2 --- 22.0 21.0, 29.0 27.0 29.5 24.0 --- --- 30.5 29.5 3 --- 22.5 21.5 29.0 27.5 29.5 23.5 --- --- 30.5 29.5 4 --- --- 23.0 21.0 29.5 28.0 29.5 24.0 --- 30.0 28.5 5 --- --- 23.5 21.5 29.0 27.0 29.5 24.0 29.5 27.5 6 - - - --- 24.5 22.5 28.5 26 .5 29.0 23 .5 --- --- 29.5 27.5 7 --- --- 23.5 22.5 28.0 27.0 29.0 24.5 --- 29.0 27.0 8 --- --- 24.5 22.0 28.5 26.5 29.5 24.5 --- 28.5 26.5 9 --- 24.0 22.5 28.5 26.0 29.5 28.0 --- 28.5 25.5 10 --- 24.0 22.5 28.5 25.0 29.5 28.5 --- 28.0 25.5 11 - - - 24.0 22.5- 28 .5 25.0 29.5 28 .5 - - - - - - 28.0 26 .0 12 --- --- 24.5 23.0 29.0 24.0 29.5 28.5 --- --- 28.0 26.5 13 --- 25.0 23.0 28 .5 24.5 29.5 28 .5 29.5 28.5 28.5 27 .0 14 --- 25.0 23.5@- 29.0 24.5 29.0 29.0 29.5 29.0 29.0 28.0 15 --- --- 25.0 23.5 28.5 24.0 29.5 28.5 29.5 29.0 29.5 28.5 16 --- --- 25.5 24.0 28.0 26.0 29.5 28.0 30.0 29.0 29.5 28.5 --- --- 25.5 24.0 28.5 23.5 30.0 29.0 30.0 29.0 29.5 28.5 18 26.0 25.0 26.5 25 .5 30.0 29.0 30.0 29.0 29.5 28.5 19 26.0 25.0 28.5 27.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 29.0 29.5 28.5 20 22.5 22.0 27.0 25.0 28.5 27.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 29.0 29.5 28.5 21 24.0 22 .0 27 .0 25.0 29.0 27 .0 30.0 29.0 30.5 29.0 28.5 27 .5 22 23.0 21.0 27.0 24.0 29.5 27.5 30.0 29.0 30.5 29.0 27.5 25.5 23 22.0 21.0 27.5 24.5 29.5 27.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 -29.0 27.5 24.5 24 21.5 20.5 27.5 25.5 29.5 28.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 28.5 27.0 24.0 25 21.0 20.5 27 .0 26.0 30.0 28 .5 29.5 28 .0 30.0 29.0 27.0 23 .5 26 22.,0 20.5 28.0 26.0' 30.0 28.5 29.0 28.0 --- -- 26.5 23.5 27 22.0 20.5 28.0 26.5 29.0 27.5 29.5 28.5 30.5 30.0 27.0 24.0 28 21.5 20.5 28.0 26.5 29.0 27.0 30.0 29.0 30.5 29.5 27.0 24.0 29 22.0 20.5 29.0 26.5, 29.0 28.0 30.0 29.0 30.5 29.0 27.0 24.0 30 22.0 20.5 28.5 27.0 28.5 26.0 29.5 29.0 30.0 29.0 27.0 24.0 31 --- --- 28.5 27.5 --- --- 29.0 28.0 30.0 29.0 --- --- MONTH 24.0 20.5 29.0 21.0 30.0 23.5 30.0 23.5 30.5 28.5 30.5 23.5 YEAR 30.5 20.5 NOTE: NUMBER OF MISSING DAYS OF RECORD EXCEEDED 20% OF YEAR United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-02-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Temperature, Water (Deg. C), Water Year October 1982 to September 1983 Sampling Depth, 30.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. - Feb. March 1 27 .0 26.5 23 .0 20.0 20.0 19.0 17 .5 14.0 14.5 14.0 13.0 12.0 2 27.0 26.0 23.5 20.5 20.5 19.5 17.5 14.5 14.5 12.5 14.0 12.5 3 26 .5 24.0 23.0 21.0 21.0 20.0 18.0 13.0 12.5 12.0 14.5 13.5 4 26 .5 24.0 23 .0 20.0 21.0 20.5 18.5 12.5 12.5 11.5 15.5 13 .0 5 26.0 24.0 21.5 17.5 21.0 20.5 16 .5 12.5 13.5 11.5 16 .0 15 .5 6 26.o 24.0 21.5 17.0 21.0 19.5 17 .5 12.0 13.5 11.0 16 .5 15.0 7 26.5 24.5 21.0 16.5 21.0 18.5 18.0 11.5 13.5 11.0 17.5 15.5 8 26 .5 25.5 20.5 16.5 21.0 18.5 18.0 12.5 14.0 10.5 17.5 16.5 9 27 .0 26.0 20.5 16.5 21.0 18.0 18.0 12.5 14.0 11.0 17.0 15.5 10 27.0 26.5 20.5 17.0 20.5 19.5 17.5 13.0 14.5 11.5 15.0 13.5 11 27.0 26 .5 21.0 20.0 20.5 18.0 17.0 13.0 14.0 11.5 14.5 13.0 12 27 .5 27.0 21.5 17.5 18.0 16.0 16 .5 12.5 14.5 11.5 14.5 12.5 13 27.0 26.0 21.0 17.0 18.5 15.5 17.0 11.5 14.0 11.0 15.0 12.5 14 26.5 24.0 21.0 16.5 18.5 14.5 17 .0 12.0 14.0 10.5 15.0 13.0 15 26.5 24.0 20.0 15.5 19.0 14.5 17 .5 11.5 14.5 11.0 15.0 13.5 16 25.5 23.0 20.0 15.5 19.0 14.5 17 .0 11.0 14.5 13.0 15.0 14.0 17 25.5 20.5 20.0 15.5 17.5 13.0 16 .5 10.5 14.5 12.0 15.5 14.0 18 25 .0 22.5 19.5 16.0 16.5 12.5 16.5 10.0 14.5 12.0 14.5 14.0 19 25.0 22.0 20.0 16.0 17 .0 13.0 16 .0 9.5 15.0 12.5 15.5 14.0 20 25.0 22.0 20 .0 16.5 17.0 12.5 14.0 13.0 15.5 13.0 15.5 14.0 21 25.0 22.0 20.0 17.5 17.5 12.5 13.5 9.0 15.5 13.5 15 .5 14.0 22 25.0 21.5 20.0 17.5 17.5 13.0 14.5 9.0 15.0 14.0 15.0 13.5 23 24.5 20.5 20.0 18.5 17.5 14.0 14.5 9.0 15.5 14.0 15 .0 13.5 24 24.5 20.0 20.0 18.5 17.5 17.0 15.0 9.0 16.0 14.5 15.0 13.0 25 23.5 19.5 19.5 18.0 17.5 14.5 14.5 9.5 15.5 14.5 15.0 12.5 26 23.0 19.0 19.5 18.5 17.5 15.0 14.0 9 .5 15.5 13.5 14.5 13.0 27 22 .5 19.0 19.5 19.0 17.5 15.5 14.0 10.0 14.0 12.0 15.0 13.0 28 23.0 20.5 19.5 19.0 17.0 16.5 14.0 9.5 13.5 12.0 14.5 13.5 29 23.0 22.5 19.5 18.5 17.0 16.0 14.0 10.0 --- --- 14.0 13.5 30 23.0 21.5 20.0 18.5 17.5 15.0 14.0 10.5 --- --- 15.0 14.0 31 23.0 19.5 --- --- 17.5 14.5 14.0 12.0 --- --- 15.5 14.0 MONTH 27.5 19.0 23.5 15.5 21.0 12.5 18.5 9.0 16.0 10.5 17.5 12.0 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey I Process Date is 05-02-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, Ft Estuary Latitude 302@35 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Temperature, Water (Deg. C), Water Year October 1982 to September 1983 Sampling Depth 30.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min April May June July Aug. Sept. 1 15.5 14.0 21.5 20.0 26.0 22.5 29.0 26.0 28.0 27.0 29.5 28.5 2 15.5 14.5 22.0 20.5 26.0 22.5 29.5 27.0 27.5 27.0 28.5 28.0 3 15.5 14.0 21.5 21.0 26.5 24.0 30.0 28.0 27.5 26.5 28.5 28.0 4 16.0 14.5 21.5 20.5 26.0 25.0 29.5 28.5 28.0 27.0 28.5 28.0 5 16.0 15.0 21.5 20.0 25.5 25.0 29.5 28.0 28.0 27.5 29.0 27.5 6 17.0 16.0 21.5 19.5 26.5 24.5 29.0 27.0 28.0 27.5 28.0 27.0 7 17.0 17.0 21.5 21.0 26.0 24.0 28.5 27.0 28.5 27.5 29.0 27.0 8 17.5 16.5 21.5 21.0 26.5 21.0 28.5 27.5 .26.5 27.5 29.0 27.0 9 18.0 17.0 21.5 20.5 26.0 23.0 28.5 27.5 28.5 27.5 29.0 27.0 10 17.5 16.5 23.0 20.5 26.0 22.5 28.5 27.5 29.0 27.5 29.0 27.5 11 18.0 17.0 22.5 21.5 26.5 23.5 29.0 27.5 29.0 28.0 28.5 27.5 12 18.0 16.5 24.5 22.5 26.5 24.0 29.0 2B.0 28.5 27.5 28.0 27.0 13 19.0 17.0 25.0 22.5 26.5 24.0 29.0 28.0 29.0 27.5 27.5 26.5 14 18.5 18.0 25.5 22.5 26.5 24.5 29.0 28.0 28.5 27.0 27.5 25.5 15 19.0 18.0 25.0 23.5 27.0 25.0 28.5 27.0 28.5 27.5 27.5 26.0 16 18.0 17.0 25.5 23.5 27.5 25.0 28.5 27.0 28.5 27.5 27.0 26.0 17 18.0 16.5 24.5 23.0 27.0 25.0 29.0 28.0 28.5 27.5 27.0 26.0 18 17.5 16.5 24.'0 23.0 27.0 25.0 29.0 27.5 29.0 28.0 28.0 26.5 19 17.0 16.0 24.0 23.0 27.0 25.5 28.5 26.5 29.5 28.0 28.0 27.0 20 17.0 16.0 24.0 23.0 26.0 25.5 29.0 25.0 29.5. 28.5 27.5 26.5 21 17.5 16.0 24.0 23.5 25.5 25.0 29.5 26.0 29.5 28.5 27.0 25.0 22 17.0 16.5 24.0 24.0 26.5 25.0 29.5 27.0 29.5 28.0 26.0 22.5 23 17.5 17.0 25.5 24.0 26.5 25.5 29.0 26.0 30.0 28.5 26.0 22.0 24 18.0 17.0 26.0 24.0 26.5 26.0 28.5 24.5 30.0 29.0 25.5 21.5 25 17.0 16.5 25.0 23.5 27.0 26.0 28.5 24.0 30.0 28.5 25.5 22.0 26 17.5 16.5 25.0 23.5 28.0 26.0 28.5 23.0 29.5 28.5 25.0 22.0 27 18.5 17.0 25.0 23.5 28.0 26.5 29.0 24.0 2,9.5 28 .0 25.0 21.5 28 19.0 17.5 25.5 23.0 28.0 26.5 29.0 25.5 30.0 29.0 25.0 21.5 29 20.5 18.0 25.5 23.5 29.0 26.5 29.0 27.0 29.5 28.5 25.0 21.5 30 21.0 19.5 25.5 23.0 29.0 27.0 28.5 28.0 29.0 28.0 24.5 22.0 31 --- --- 26.0 22.5 --- --- 28.5 27.5 29.5 28.5 --- --- MONTH 21.0 14.0 26.0 19.5 29.0 21.0 30.0 23.0 30.0 26.5 29.5 21.5 YEAR 30.0 9.0 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-02-84 .Station,Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Temperature, Water (Deg. C), Water Year October 1983 to September 1984 Sampling Depth 30.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March 1 24.5 22.0 2 25.0 22 .5 3 25 .0 23.0 4 5 - - - - - - 6 7 8 9 - - - - - - 10 - - - 11 12 - - - - - - 13 - - - - - - 14 - - - - - - 15 16 17 - - - - - - 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 --- --- 26 --- --- 27 28 29 30 31 --- --- MONTH 25.0 22.0 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-02-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Specific Conductance (Micromhos/cm at 25 Deg. C), Water Year October 1981 to September 1982 Sampling Depth 30.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min April May, June July Aug. Sept. 1 --- 46900 25300 46600 30100 43800 30400 --- --- 48400 25100 2 --- 42000 24000 48500 30700 47200 29600 --- - - - 47900 26700 3 36900 21400 4B300 30800 47400 28700 --- --- 48000 26400 4 --- --- 39200 21300 46500 33600 47600 28700 --- --- 47200 25600 5 --- --- 39000 21300 45300 30200 47900 29900 --- --- 47200 24200 6 --- --- 37900 20800 46100 28800 47700 34200 --- --- 48100 25300 7 --- 46400 26700 46700 28100 47400 31100 --- --- 47900 26700 8 --- 46300 23500 45600 29000 47900 28900 --- 48800 26900 9 47000 22700 46200 35000 46400 25800 48800 27000 10 --- 47700 22300 49300 36300 45100 25500 --- 48700 27100 11 47800 22400 47900 36500 44300 28400 --- 48600 25900 12 --- --- 46500 22900 48100 34600 43600 28500 --- - - - 45900 27400 13 --- --- 47400 22800 48500 36200 43800 30700 42500 20000 48600 27100 14 --- 48100 22800 48300 35500 43800 31100 44000 20300 48900 27700 15 --- 48200 23900 48700 32500 44200 25600 44100 19700 48600 27000 16 - - - --- 48300 23500 48600 40700 43900 28200 43200 20500 49200 27200 17 47900 23400 48700 36600 44400 26700 43200 20100 49200 27900 18 --- --- 47700 24400 47200 32200 44500 24800 44100 18100 48900 27900 19 --- --- 47500 32400 45400 34000 44700 24200 44300 17300 49300 29700 20 46600 42100 48300 26700 45300 35500 44400 23900 44100 18100 49200 29700 21 46000 19500 48300 29400 45800 34300 44300 252bO 44500 19500 49800 29400 22 46000 19300 48000 26400 44300 35600 44200 24500 44500 18700 49700 29900 23 46800 23100 48100 24700 46000 34500 144700 28900 42700 27100 49800 31000 24 46800 21900 44800 27200 46600 29800 44600 34200 43500 21900 49100 29800 25 47000 17300 46800 24600 44800 28600 44000 38200 44700 25500 49600 30200 26 47300 19000 44900 23100 40600 26600 38500 33900 --- --- 48900 29800 27 47600 20900 46000 24500 40100 30900 41900 25700 50100 25300 49300 30500 28 45100 17900 46300 33200 37800 32000 43700 27300 50300 26800 49000 30300 29 46300 21800 46000 32600 43500 38200 44600 29600 51800 24900 49200 29200 30 46400 25200 46500 34600 46100 31700 44100 29200 47900 25100 49500 28700 31 --- 47000 27700 - - - --- 42400 31500 48800 24900 --- - MONTH 47600 17300 48300 20800 49300 26600 47900 23900 51800 17300 49800 24200 YEAR 51800 17300 NOTE: NUMBER OF MISSING DAYS OF RECORD EXCEEDED 20% OF YEAR United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-02-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctewhatchee Bay at DeBtin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Or ainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Specific Conductance (Micromhos/cm at 25 Deg. C), Water Year October 1982 to September 1983 Sampling Depth 30.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Oct. Nov. Dec. J an. Feb. March 1 50500 44500 50500 34100 47300 34300 48500 26400 46400 44100 22500 21200 2 50600 49000 50200 34000 47100 33600 48700 25300 45300 22700 50700 22200 3 50500 30300 50300 34200 47300 34100 49000 26500 28300 24800 52700 23300 4 50200 30400 50700 33800 47600 34200 49700 26400 25000 23400 52100 23700 5 50000 29600 51100 34500 48200 33200 48000 26700 45200 23500 53500 23600 6 49800 30000 51100 35500 48500 34500 48900 26000 45000 23700 518 00 21900 7 49000 30400 51100 34800 48500 34600 50000 25300 43500 22500 52100 19700 8 48900 31500 50600 35200 49300 34800 49800 25300 43400 22600 51400 19200 9 48400 31200 50600 35000 50100 35000 49500 21500 43600 22600 50600 23200 10 48800 30900 50700 34900 50200 47400 49800 18000 44300 20200 53700 24700 11 50100 31900 51200 48300 49300 34900 47700 15100 42500 15300 53600 23800 12 50100 32300 51200 33400 35700 34500 50100 23500 42900 16000 55900 22900 13 49300 28300 50700 32900 48800 35300 50200 24400 41100 14700 55000 24400 14 50200 29500 50300 32700 49600 35600 49400 25800 42300 14500 52500 25000 15 50400 33300 50000 32300 49700 35500 51200 23800 43000 16400 55300 24800 16 48100 30600 50000 33100 50500 32500 51000 24200 43000 28700 56000 16700 17 49100 31100 50000 33200 50100 32600 51100 25000 42500 13800 53800 16400 18 49500 35800 49700 33000 49800 32900 51200 23200 42100 13200 20900 16200 19 50000 32700 49900 33200 49100 31300 51100 22500 37200 13100 53900 18700 20 50000 31600 49900 33300 49300 31100 50600 50000 41000 13900 50600 19000 21 49900 30900 49800 32400 49400 32900 50000 23400 52400 12300 51300 18600 22 50300 30200 49700 32300 49900 32000 50400 23400 51400 16200 48700 19600 23 50300 29600 49500 32000 50100 31600 50500 22500 49800 16400 52100 19300 24 50100 33800 47300 31000 50100 48800 50100 23100 49900 16300 51300 15400 25 49700 33600 47200 34400 49200 25000 48900 23700 52700 17200 51200 18400 26 49400 33300 47300 45400 48900 24900 49000 24200 52400 17000 52500 19200 27 49300 33600 47300 45500 48200 25500 49000 24800 52800 19500 52300 18900 28 49400 45000 47400 44900 47300 24900 48200 23800 53100 20500 38700 20600 29 49900 49100 47200 32700 47900 24100 45900 24200 --- --- 22100 21400 30 49700 41200 47200 33900 48400 25600 46500 23300 --- --- 51400 20300 31 50900 21700 --- --- 48800 261QG 46700 23900 --- --- 51900 17500 MONTH 50900 27100 51200 31000 50500 24100 51200 15100 53100 12300 56000 15400 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-02-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Specific Conductance (Micromhos/cm at 25 Deg. C), Water Year October 1982 to September 1983 Sampling Depth 30.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min April May June July Aug. Sept. 1 50900 18600 42500 6700 50400 19900 --- 45000 20200 46800 28000 2 51600 27500 40600 5600 46200 18900 --- 45500 19100 46400 27500 3 28600 21200 41400 7100 46800 18400 46000 21100 47300 28700 4 51600 19600 46100 6200 46800 19600 --- --- 46600 19300 46100 28300 5 51500 18700 46700 6900 46500 42100 --- --- 46400 19700 45700 27300 6 51500 15900 47800 8400 46600 22100 --- --- 46500 21700 44200 27800 7 49400 13600 42800 8800 46600 19200 46700 23400 46300 25500 8 49200 12400 42000 39100 46100 18600 --- --- 47400 23100 46000 27500 9 33600 11600 46400 11200 46600 19300 --- --- 47500 29200 45500 27600 10 14200 12700 46300 9100 47600 17000 --- --- 47800 27700 45200 28000 11 14600 14200 45500 9300 47000 17100 --- 46500 28100 45300 25500 12 48600 14200 51300 9000 47000 17100 --- 48400 34800 45200 29200 13 48400 14400 51500 9400 46800 16800 --- --- 40700 31300 44300 24400 14 48700 12400 49600 8800 47200 17400 45500 19800 48400 32100 45900 27700 15 43900 10000 50000 9300 47500 17100 45700 28700 47300 27600 46200 24800 16 46500 10300 50800 12400 47500 17500 45500 32500 47300 27300 45300 24100 17 45000 10700 51000 11800 46600 21600 44700 27300 47100 26200 45700 24600 18 46900 13700 51300 12600 47300 24200 46200 24600 46200 24700 46000 27500 19 47600 12400 51400 13100 48200 20000 48300 25400 45600 24800 45300 24800 20 47200 11000 51900 13100 48700 18900 49200 24300 46400 28500 46100 24700 21 46300 10000 51600 12800 49200 18600 46100 25600 47500 31300 43100 25300 22 45700 9100 52100 49500 48700 20100 48100 29300 47400 33500 44300 23000 23 45000 8500 51900 14200 47600 21800 49100 33600 47100 28200 44200 22400 24 10300 Bloc 49900 15000 48300 19500 49400 34BOO 47300 28000 45600 25700 25 9900 7600 51600 15900 48000 20400 49200 34200 48000 22800 45600 25300 26 43500 8600 52200 16500 47500 22700 49300 34400 48300 28200 46500 27200 27 43800 8200 52300 19200 49000 22100 48300 24800 47500 43500 46800 23600 28 43900 7400 52000 18300 47100 21500 48700 21500 46400 26000 46500 27300 29 45100 6400 50100 19000 45500 22000 47400 21300 46500 27000 46200 23900 30 38800 6900 50700 22500 47000 23500 45700 35900 47300 27500 46000 27400 31 --- --- 50800 20800 --- --- 45400 39100 47200 30700 --- --- MONTH 51600 6400 52300 5600 50400 16800 49400 19800 48400 19100 47300 22400 k YEAR 56000 5600 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-02-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Specific conductance (Micromhos/cm at 25 Deg. C), Water Year October 1983 to September 1984 Sampling Depth 30.00 (ft.) Provisional Date Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. reb. March 1 46200 27700 2 45600 27100 3 46600 28700 4 --- --- 5 6 --- --- 7 --- 9 10 11 12 --- --- 13 --- --- 14 --- --- 15 --- --- 16 17 --- --- 18 19 --- 20 --- --- 21 --- 22 23 --- 24 25 --- 26 --- - - - 27 --- --- 28 --- --- 29 --- --- 30 31 --- --- MONTH 46600 27100 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-03-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Temperature, Water (Deg. C), Water Year October 1981 to September 1982 Sampling Depth 16.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min April May June July Aug. Sept. 1 --- --- 22.0 21.0 29.0 27.0 --- --- 30.5 29.0 2 --- --- 22.0 21.0 29.0 27.0 --- --- 30.5 29.0 3 --- --- 23.0 21.5 29.0 27 .5 --- --- 30.5 29.0 4 --- --- 23.5 21.0 30.0 28.0 --- --- 30.5 28.5 5 --- --- 23.5 21.5 29.5 27.0 --- 29.5 27.5 6 --- --- 24.5 22.5 28.5 26.5 --- 29.5 27 .0 7 --- --- 23.5 22.5 28.5 27.0 29.0 26.5 8 --- --- 24.0 22.0 29.0 26.5 --- --- 28.5 26.0 9 --- --- 24.0 22.0 --- --- --- --- 28.0 25.5 10 --- --- 24.5 22.5 --- --- --- --- 27.5 25.5 11 --- --- 24.5 23.0 --- 27.5 25.5 12 --- --- 25.0 23.0 --- --- --- --- 28.0 26.5 13 25.0 23.0 --- --- 28.5 27.0 14 --- 25.0 23.5 --- --- --- --- 29.0 28.0 15 --- 25.0 23.5 --- --- --- 29.5 28.5 16 --- --- 25.5 24.0 --- --- --- --- 29.5 28.5 17 --- --- 26.0 24.0 --- --- 30.0 28 .5 is --- --- 26.0 25.0 --- --- --- 29.5 28.5 19 --- --- 26.0 25.0 --- 29.5 28.5 20 23.0 22.0 27.5 25.0 --- --- --- --- 29.0 28.0 21 24.0 22.0 27 .0 24.5 --- --- 28 .5 28.0 22 23.0 21.5 27 .0 24.0 --- --- --- --- 27.5 25 .5 23 22.0 20.5 27 .5 24.5 --- --- 27.0 24.0 24 21 .0 20.5 28.0 25.5 --- --- --- --- 27.0 24.0 25 21.0 20.5 27.5 26 .0 --- --- --- 27.0 23.5 26 22 .0 20.5 28.0 26.0 --- 26.5 23.5 27 22 .5 20.5 28 .5- 26.5 --- 30-5 29.5 26.5 23.5 28 22.0 20.5 28 .5 26.5 --- --- 30.5 29.5 27.0 24.0 29 22 .0 20.5 29.5 26.5 --- --- 30.5 29.0 27.0 24.0 30 22.0 20.5 29.0 27.0 --- --- 30.0 29.0 27.0 24.0 31 --- --- 28.5 27.5 --- --- 30.0 29.0 --- --- MONTH 24.0 20.5 29 .5 21.0 30 .0 26.5 30 .5 29.0 30.5 23.5 YEAR 30.5 20.5 NOTE: %UMBE@ OF MISSING DAYS OF RECORD EXCEEDED 20% OF YEAR United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-03-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Temperature, Water (Deg. C), Water Year October 1982 to September 1983 Sampling Depth 16.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min act. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March 1 27.0 25.0 23.0 20.0 20.0 19.0 17.0 14.0 14.5 14.0 13.0 12.0 2 27.0 26.0 23.5 20.5 20.5 19.5 17.0 14.0 14.5 12.5 14.5 12.5 3 26.5 24.0 23.0 21.0 21.0 20.0 18.0 13.5 12.5 12.0 15.0 13.5 4 26.5 23.5 23.0 19.5 21.0 20.5 18.0 12.5 12.5 11.5 15.5 13.5 5 26.0 24.0 21.5 17.5 21.0 20.0 16.5 12.5 13.5 11.0 16.0 15.0 6 26.0 24.0 21.5 19.0 21.0 19.5 17.5 12.0 13.5 11.5 16.5 15.0 7 26.0 24.5 21.0 16.5 20.5 18.5 18.0 11.5 13.0 11.0 17.5 16.0 8 26.5 25.5 20.5 16.5 21.0 18.5 18.0 12.5 13.5 10.5 18.0 16.5 9 27.0 25.5 20.5 16.5 21.0 18.0 IB.O 12.5 14.0 11.0 17.0 15.5 10 27.0 26.0 20.5 17.0 20.5 18.0 17.5 13.0 14.5 11.5 15.0 13.5 11 27.0 26.0 21.0 19.0 20.5 18.0 17.0 12.5 14.0 11.5 14.5 13.0 12 27.0 26.5 21.5 17.5 18.0 16.0 16.0 12.5 14.5 11.5 14.5 12.5 13 27.0 26.0 21.0 17.0 18.0 15.5 17.0 11.5 14.0 11.0 15.0 12.5 14 26.5 24.0 21.0 16.5 18.5 14.5 16.5 12.0 14.0 10.5 15.0 13.0 15 26.5 23.0 20.0 15.5 18.5 14.5 17.5 11.5 14.5 10.5 15.0 13.5 16 25.0 22.0 20.0 15 .5 18.5 14.5 17 .(1 11 .(1 114.5 12 0 15.9 lk .9 17 25.5 22.5 20.0 15.5 17.5 13.0 16.5, 10.5 14.0 12.0 15.0 14.0 18 25.0 22.0 19.5 15.5 16.5 12.5 16.5 10.0 14.5 12.0 14.5 14.0 19 25.0 22.0 20.0 16.0 17.0 13.0 16.0 9.5 15.0 12.5 15.5 14.0 20 25.0 22.0 20.0 16.5 17.0 12.5 14.0 13.0 15.5 13.0 16.5 15.0 21 25.0 22.0 20.0 17.0 17.5 12.5 13.5 9.0 15.5 13.5 16.0 14.5 22 24.5 21.5 20.0 17.5 17.5 13.0 14.5 9.0 15.0 14.0 16.0 14.5 23 24.5 20.5 20.0 18.0 17.5 13.0 14.5 9.0 15.5 14.0 16.0 14.0 24 24.5 20.0 20.0 18.5 17.5 16.0 14.5 9.0 16.0 14.5 15.5 13.5 25 23 .5 19.0 19 .5 17 .5 17.5 14.5 14.5 9.5 15.5 14.0 15 .5 13.5 26 23.0 18.5 19.0 18.0 17.5 15.0 14.0 9.5 15.5 13.5 15.5 13.5 27 22.5 19.0 19.0 17.5 17.0 15.5 14.0 10.0 14.0 11.5 16.0 14.0 28 22.5 20.5 19 5 18.5 17.0 16.5 13.5 9 5 13 5 12 0 15 5 14.5 29 23.0 22.5 19:5 18.5 17.0 16.0 14.0 10:0 ---* ---* 15:0 14.0 30 23.0 19.5 19.5 18.5 17.5 15.0 14.0 10.5 --- --- 15.5 14.5 31 23.0 19.5 --- --- 17.5 14.5 14.0 12.0 --- --- 16.5 14.5 MONIH 27.0 18.5 23.5 15.5 21.D 12.5 18.0 9.0 16.0 10.5 18.0 12.0 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-03-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Ch 0ctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Or a in age Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Temperature, Water (Deg. C), Water Year October 1982 to September 1983 Sampling Depth 16.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min April May June July Aug. Sept. 1 16.5 14.5 22.5 21.0 26.5 23.5 29.5 21.0 28.5 28.0 30.0 29.0 2 16 .5 15 .0 23 .0 21 .5 27 .0 23 .5 29.5 21 .0 28.5 27 .5 29.5 28 .5 3 16.5 15.0 22.5 22.0 27.5 24.5 30.0 20.0 28.5 27.0 29.0 28.5 4 17.0 15.5 22.5 21.0 26.5 26.0 35.0 20.0 28.5 28.0 29.0 28.5 5 16.5 16.0 22.5 21.0 26.5 25.5 30.5 20.0 29.0 28.0 29.5 28.5 6 17.5 16.5 22.5 20.5 28.0 25.0 30.0 27.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 7 18.0 17.5 22.5 21.5 26.5 24.5 29.5 26.5 29.5 28.0 29.5 27.5 8 18.0 17.5 22.5 21.5 26 .5 24.5 29.5 26.0 30.0 28.5 30.0 28.0 9 19.0 18.0 22.5 21.0 26.0 24.0 29.5 28.0 29.5 28.0 27.5 27.5 10 18.5 17.5 24.0 21.0 27.0 23.5 29.5 28.0 30.0 28.5 29.5 28.0 11 19.0 17.5 24.5 22.5 24.0 24.0 30.0 28.0 30.0 28.5 29.5 28.0 12 19.5 17.5 25.0 23.0 26.5 24.5 28.5 28.5 30.0 28.5 29.0 27.5 13 20.0 18.0 23.0 23.0 27.0 25.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 28.0 27.0 14 19.5 18.5 26.0 23.5 26.0 25.0 30.0 28.5 30.0 28.0 28.0 26.5 15 19.5 18.5 26.0 24.0 28.0 26.0 29.5 28.5 29.0 28.0 28.0 26.5 16 19.0 18.0 26.5 24.0 28.0 26.0 29.5 28.5 29.5 28.0 27.5 26.5 17 18.5 17.5 25.0 24.0 28.0 25.5 30.0 20.0 29.5 28.5 27.5 27.0 18 18.0 17.0 25.0 23.5 28.0 25.0 30.0 28.5 30.0 29.0 28.5 27.0 19 18.0 16.5 24.5 23.5 27.5 26.0 29.5 27.0 30.0 29.0 28.5 27.0 20 18.0 16.5 24.5 23.5 27.0 26.0 30.0 25.5 30.5 29.5 28.0 27.0 21 18.0 16.5 24.5 24.0 26.0 25.0 30.5 20.0 30.5 20.5 26.0 26.0 22 18.0 17.0 25.0 24.5 27.5 .25.5 30.0 20.5 30.5 29.0 27.0 23.5 23 18.5 17.5 26.0 24.5 27.0 26.0 30.0 26.5 31.0 20.5 27.0 23.0 24 18.5 17.5 25.0 25.0 27.0 26.5 29.5 25.5 31.0 20.0 26.5 22.5 25 18.0 17.5 26.0 24.5 29.0 26.5 29.5 25.0 31.0 29.0 26.0 22.5 26 19.0 17.5 26.0 24.0 28.5 26.5 29.5 24.0 30.0 29.5 26.0 22.5 27 19.5 18.0 26.0 24.0 28.5 27.0 30.0 24.5 30.5 21.0 26.0 22.5 28 20.5 18.0 26.5 24.0 28.0 27.0 30.0 26.0 31.0 29.5 26.0 22.5 29 21.0 19.0 26.0 24.5 28.5 26.0 29.5 27.5 30.5 29.5 25.5 22.5 30 21.5 20.5 26.5 23.5 29.5 26.0 29.5 28.5 30.0 28.5 25.0 22.5 31 --- --- 26.5 23.5 --- --- @29.0 28.5 30.5 20.5 --- --- MONTH 21.5 14.5 26.5 20.5 29.5 23.5 35.0 20.0 31.0 20.0 30.0 22.5 YEAR 35.0 9.0 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-03-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USG5 Temperature, Water (Deg. C), Water Year October 1983 to September 1984 Sampling Depth 16.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March 1 25.5 22 .5 2 25.5 23.0 3 26.0 24.0 4 --- - - - 5 --- - - - 6 --- - - - 7 --- - - - 9 --- - - - 10 --- 11 12 --- - - - 13 --- - - - 14 --- - - - 15 --- - - - 16 --- 17 --- - - - 16 19 --- - - - 20 --- 21 - - - - - - 22 --- - - - 23 --- --- 24 25 --- --- 26 --- 27 --- --- 28 --- --- 29 --- --- 30 31 --- --- MONTH 26.0 22.5 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-03-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Specific Conductance (Micromhos/cm at 25 Deg. C), Water Year October 1981 to September 1982 Sampling Depth 16.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min April May June July, Aug. Sept. 1 --- --- 46800 25900 43900 26600 47200 32500 --- 50600 26200 2 --- --- 46800 26100 46500 29600 46800 29800 50100 26400 3 --- --- 46500 25600 45800 29900 48800 30300 --- --- 50000 27400 4 --- --- 46800 25100 45600 33500 48800 30400 49600 26300 5 --- --- 46800 25200 48200 31700 46700 30400 --- --- 49100 26500 6 --- --- 45800 24800 48200 31200 46800 32400 --- --- 50100 27300 7 --- --- 47400 23200 4B700 31600 46200 31300 --- --- 50100 28300 B --- --- 47400 23400 4861313 32139 465ilo 29301) --- --- 51100 27900 9 --- --- 47200 23200 47300 32300 45200 28500 --- --- 51000 28200 10 --- --- 47100 24400 47600 35400 44000 26400 --- 50900 28300 11 --- --- 47000 23900 48200 35600 43000 26300 507bo 28300 12 --- --- 46800 23200 47500 34400 43400 26200 --- 47800 28400 13 --- 46500 23400 46900 35000 43400 28900 30700 16600 50800 28000 14 --- 47200 23400 46700 35400 43000 28700 40000 16800 51100 26300 15 --- 47300 23300 48900 34600 44100 26500 40000 16800 50400 27600 16 --- 46900 22700 48200 36300 43700 25200 39200 17000 50700 27600 17 --- 47000 23500 48200 36400 43500 25100 38800 17300 50700 28400 18 --- --- 46300 23300 47100 32700 43400 24100 38700 15300 50500 28900 19 --- --- 46200 27200 44700 34700 43200 24200 38900 14900 50500 29700 20 47000 26700 46300 25900 45500 34200 42400 23800 38100 15300 50300 30400 21 46700 19700 46200 27900 45200 34300 42000 22800 38300 15700 51300 30100 22 46800 19600 46000 25400 43300 34600 42500 23300 38500 19700 51100 31000 23 47600 20000 45700 25300 44400 33400 41900 26000 35700 20300 51100 31900 24 47600 22100 45900 25800 44700, 31700 42300 33600 36100 IB500 50600 30700 25 47600 22200 45600 24300 44200 29600 42000 34400 33500 20100 50700 31200 26 47600 22400 45200 23700 44500 26400 35200 28700 --- --- 50400 30800 27 47900 22600 46100 25000 41200 29200 38900 27200 53300 25300 50500 30700 28 47800 23200 44800 28600 36600 33300 40700 25900 53700 26800 49600 30600 29 47100 24700 44900 30800 42700 37100 41300 27500 54400 25400 49900 29900 30 47200 25900 45100 29900 45800 31200 40600 26300 50300 26200 50300 29600 31 --- --- 46000 27800 --- --- 38500 28100 51200 25700 --- MONTH 47900 19600 47400 22700 48900 26400 48800 22800 54400 14900 51300 26200 YEAR 54400 14900 NOTE: NUMBER OF MISSING DAYS OF RECORD EXCEEDED 20 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-03-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East pass Choctewhat chee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency U5GS Specific Condu-ctance (Micromhos/cm at 25 Deg. C), Water Year October 1982 to September 1983 Sampling Depth 16.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Pay Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March 1 51200 33000 520OU 35000 49300 35300 50200 27400 51100 44400 21800 21400 2 51100 45200 51800 34700 49300 35300 50400 25900 50200 25500 40600 21700 3 51100 30500 51800 34600 49700 36100 50500 27200 31800 28300 48000 22300 4 51300 30800 51900 34500 50200 35900 51300 27200 28500 26600 47300 22600 5 51300 3U600 52400 35300 50700 34600 48800 27200 50600 26900 48100 21500 6 51100 31200 52500 36300 51000 36100 49600 26900 50500 26700 46700 20500 7 50000 31400 52300 35600 50700 36400 51300 25900 45300 25800 46700 18500 8 50300 32200 51500 35800 5i6OO 36500 51100 25100 47700 26000 45600 17700 9 49300 32000 51500 35600 51800 36600 50500 20100 49600 26100 43500 21400 10 50600 31600 51400 35400 51806 39200 51100 16300 50600 23200 46100 22700 11 @51300 33700 51900 41700 50700 36300 48900 14900 49500 18000 46100 21500 12 51400 33700 52100 35500 37000 35900 51000 24000 51900 19100 48000 21300 13 50400 33700 52900 34900 49800 36600 51000 24900 46500 17400 46700 22300 14 50700 33500 52600 35100 51100 36900 49600 25900 49600 17100 45200 22600 15 51600 33800 52400 34600 51200 36400 52000 24400 50300 19200 47100 22400 16 47000 33100 52200 35400 51500 33600 52100 24700 50200 22300 47400 15600 17 50500 34700 52100 35500 51500 33800 .51900 25300 49700 15900 45600 15000 18 51500 37000 52100 35300 50900 34300 51900 23800 49100 15300 18700 14900 19 51600 37800 51900 35300 50800 31600 51900 23200 49BOD 15300 45600 16300 20 51500 37200 51900 35500 50700 32200 51500 50600 49600 15900 44900 16200 21 51200 35900 51600 34500 50800 34000 51100 24200 49900 15500 44700 16000 22 51700 35000 51600 34100 51200 33300 51500 24000 49100 17000 41700 16600 23 51900 35100 51500 33000 51500 28200 51600 23200 47000 16600 45500 16600 24 51900 34700 49800 32700 51500 42000 51500 23900 47300 16500 45000 16200 25 51300 34600 49600 34200 50300 26000 51400 25100 49000 17400 44100 15800 26 51100 34300 49600 43300 50400 25800 51300 25600 49400 17800 45100 15600 27 50800 34600 49400 37300 49600 26500 51300 26500 49000 18700 44900 15900 28 51100 38400 49300 41900 49000 25600 50900 25700 48800 21300 19400 17500 29 51700 51200 49200 34200 49400 25000 49100 26400 --- --- 18600 18000 30 51600 36900 49200 35100 50200 26700 51000 25800 --- --- 43400 17200 31 51900 34900 --- --- 50400 27300 51100 26500 --- --- 44000 14700 MONTH 51900 30500 52900 32700 51800 25000 52100 14900 51900 15300 48100 14700 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-03-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Drainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Specific Conductance (Micromhos/cm at 25 Deg. C), Water Year October 1982 to September 1983 Sampling Depth 16.00 (ft.) Provisional Date Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min April May June July Aug. Sept. 1 43100 15300 --- 57100 22200 53400 29800 44200 20000 43500 30400 2 43500 22000 --- 52700 21500 53500 28100 44800 20700 43400 30200 3 23700 17800 53300 21600 55600 32100 45200 20000 49900 32300 4 43300 16400 --- --- 53500 23200 50500 29000 45400 20000 48000 27600 5 43000 15500 --- 53300 26100 51500 23000 45300 20900 48800 23400 6 43100 13200 --- --- 53600 26000 52800 20800 45100 20900 45300 32100 7 --- - - - --- --- 54600 22100 59500 17100 45600 22500 48300 32000 8 --- --- --- --- 54800 12500 50500 17400 46400 23700 47000 30000 9 --- - - - --- --- 55500 21800 49400 17000 46400 23100 45000 29500 10 --- --- --- --- 55600 20600 49800 17000 36100 33700 46000 30200 11 7-- --- 41500 10200 55500 19800 49100 18300 45600 33800 46000 30800 12 --- --- 56900 9900 55700 20200 48900 20000 47200 32100 47200 32300 13 - - - --- 57700 10200 55700 20100 49000 19900 38200 30100 47100 31400 14 --- --- 55800 10000 56800 20300 43800 19100 48200 28200 47600 29200 15 --- - - - 55400 10300 56000 19700 44100 22100 475UO 26300 46200 29000 16 --- --- 56700 13300 57000 19900 43800 22600 46900 23500 46800 28500 17 --- --- 57000 13200 56300 24000 42800 24100 45700 25400 48100 28600 18 --- --- 57100 13400 54600 24100 45100 24200 45400 23000 46200 27900 19 --- - - - 57200 14300 55600 23100 47000 24200 43500 18500 46300 27100 20 --- --- 57800 14900 55300 22000 47700 23400 28800 19700 46800 26100 21 --- - - - 57100 14400 56000 21400 46400 21800 46400 29300 44500 25300 22 --- --- 57700 32000 55400 22100 46400 26000 47100 28800 44100 25600 23 --- 52700 15500 53600 22100 47500 30100 46100 28300 46600 27100 24 --- --- 55100 16600 54300 23000 47700 33700 41200 32100 46700 27100 25 --- - - - 57000 17400 54400 22000 47800 32100 47300 32500 46400 27800 26 --- --- 57600 18300 52700 22800 48300 33200 47300 32500 47300 28000 27 --- 57700 20000 49300 24200 47600 24400 47400 44800 47700 28100 28 --- 57500 20200 51800 23500 47500 21800 46900 32100 47500 28000 29 --- 55400 21100 49500 23100 46600 21300 46200 30100 46900 27500 30 --- --- 56600 24400 52400 24200 45000 23200 43800 30300 46900 27900 31 --- --- 57100 23300 --- --- 44100 30600 43600 30400 --- --- MONTH 43500 13200 57800 9900 57100 12500 59500 17000 4B200 18500 49900 23400 YEAR 59500 9900 United States Department of Interior - Geological Survey Process Date is 05-03-84 Station Number 302335086311601 East Pass Choctawhatchee Bay at Destin, FL Estuary Latitude 302335 Longitude 0863116 Dr ainage Area Datum State 12 County 091 Source Agency USGS Specific Conductance. (Micromhos/cm at 25 Deg. C), Water Year October 1983 to September 1984 Sampling Depth 16.00 (ft.) Provisional Data Day Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March 1 46900 28200 2 47100 27600 3 47200 28800 4 --- --- 5 --- --- 6 --- --- 7 - - - 9 --- --- 10 11 12 --- --- 13 --- --- 14 15 --- 16 --- --- 17 18 19 --- 20 --- --- 21 --- --- 22 - - - --- 23 --- 24 --- --- 25 26 --- --- 27 - - - 28 --- --- 29 --- --- 30 --- --- 31 --- MONTH 47200 27600 US Department of commerce FOAA Coastal services Center Library 2234 South Hobson Avenue Charleston, SC 29405-2413 3 6 368 14102 0307