[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]





                                                                                                                    95.6.2













                                              Oyster River Watershed
                                   Nonpoint Pollution Control Project











                NH Coastal Program
                Office of State Planning
                Written in Cooperation with                                                                               CMff"
                The Strafford Regional Planning Commission                                                                   "00-i
            -A-u-p-as-4-1996                                                                                                  bHN&W
                                                                                                                               .emods&M
                                                                                            OME OF MM MMM
                  TD                                                                         COASTAL PROGRAM
                  424.8
                  097
                  1995
                                                                                        N @CCAEATNPR'0=

                            m of ibis report was funded in part by the Coastal Zone Managment Act of 1972, as ammended,
                            )y tke Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Managment, National Oceanic and Atmospheirc     ""4.-
                Administation, Award No. NA570ZO320
                                                                                                                        ,%M@v












                  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            ....................................................                I


                  INTRODUCTION         ..........................................................                  3


                  PROJECT OBJECTIVES          .....................................................                3


                  LOCAL LAND USE REGULATIONS               ...........................................             4
                         Soil Type Lot Size Regulations    ...........................................             5
                         Impervious Limits    .....................................................                5
                         Septic Systems    .........................................................               5
                         Subdivision and Site Plan Review Regulations     ................................         6
                         Actions to consider   ....................................................                7


                  WATER QUALITY INFORMATION                ...........................................             8
                         Point Sources   .........................................................                 8
                         Great Bay Watch     ......................................................                8
                         Jackson Estuarine Laboratory     ............................................             8
                         NH Department of Environmental Services       .................................          10
                         Durham Conservation Commission         .......................................           10
                         Site Specific Sampling    .................................................              10
                                 Sample Collection and Analyses    ....................................           13

                  SAMPLING RESULTS           .....................................................                13
                         Reading the Graphs    ...................................................                13
                         Nonvariable sites   .....................................................                14
                         Variable Sites  ........................................................                 17
                                 Pettee (Reservoir) Brook    .........................................            17
                                 College Brook     .................................................              20
                                 Beards Creek    ..................................................               23
                                 Mill Pond and Lower Oyster River     ..................................          26
                         Data for Metals    ......................................................                29


                  CONCLUSIONS        ...........................................................                  31


                  STEERING COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS                      ...............................         32


                  SOURCES CITED        .........................................................                  33


                  ADDITIONAL REFERENCES             ................................................              33











                ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


                A valuable part of this project was working with a steering committee of representatives from
                watershed towns and local interest groups. The New Hampshire Coastal Program would like to
                thank the following for their participation and assistance with the project:

                David Allen, Lee Conservation Commission
                Doug Bencks, UNH Planning
                Breck Bowden, UNH-Natural Resources
                Lorie Chase, Madbury Planning Board
                Joseph Ford, Lee Selectman
                David Funk, Durham Conservation Commission
                Brian Giles, Lee
                Arthur Grant, Durham Water Policy Commission
                W. Hall, Durham
                Elizabeth Hanratty, UNH-Resource Economics and Development
                Calvin Hosmer, Durham Planning Board
                Richard Houghton, Madbury Selectman
                Marc Jacobs, Barrington Conservation Commission
                Tillman Marshall, NRCS
                Edward McNitt, Durham Planning Board
                Bambi Miller, SCCD
                Ann Reid, UNH-Sea Grant
                Betsey Renshaw, Madbury Conservation Commission
                George Rief, Durham
                Mary Robertson, Strafford Regional Planning Commission
                Rob Robertson, UNH-Resource Economics and Development
                Jeff Schloss, UNH-Cooperative Extension
                Joan Sundberg, Madbury Planning Board
                Rob Swift, UNH-Mechanical Engineering
                Marcia Thunberg, NHCP
                Margaret Watkins, NHDES













                  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


                  Nonpoint sources of pollution are a major cause of water quality problems in New Hampshire. It
                  is important to evaluate nonpoint pollution on a watershed scale since the whole drainage area
                  affects the water quality of an outlet or surface water. To address nonpoint pollution in the
                  Oyster River Watershed the New Hampshire Coastal Program (NHCP), Strafford Regional
                  Planning Commission (SRPC) and the University of New Hampshire (UNH) initiated a project to
                  evaluate the potential nonpoint pollution sources in the watershed, public perceptions of the
                  problem, and current management strategies to control nonpoint pollution sources.

                  Involvement of representatives from communities in the watershed was a key component of the
                  project. To maximize local involvement, the NHCP worked with the SRPC to form a steering
                  committee with members from municipal boards, UNH, and other interest groups. The Steering
                  Committee provided community members an opportunity to contribute to the development of the
                  program, direct specific project activities such as site selection for water quality monitoring and
                  development of the public attitude survey, and develop final recommendations.

                  This report focuses on project activities that reviewed the ability of local land use regulations to
                  control and prevent nonpoint pollution, and assessed the water quality impacts of existing sources
                  of nonpoint pollution.

                  Land use activities in the watershed are potential sources of nonpoint pollution. In New
                  Hampshire municipalities have the authority to enact local regulations that can help prevent or
                  reduce pollution sources. A review of local regulations revealed there are many ordinances in
                  place to control nonpoint pollution. The summary matrix of the review provides the towns in the
                  watershed an opportunity to examine what regulations are important for reducing nonpoint
                  pollution, how many towns in the watershed incorporate these measures into their regulations,
                  and gaps that towns may want to focus on in the future when updating regulations. In particular,
                  towns should adopt the performance standards detailed in the Stormwater Management and
                  Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Urban and Developing Areas in NH, review the
                  amount of impervious surface, (a key component in reducing polluted runoff), that is allowed in
                  developments, consider soil-based lot sizing and possible programs for the regular inspection of
                  septic systems.

                  Recent sources of water quality data were reviewed to assess existing sources of nonpoint
                  pollution in the watershed and aid in developing site-specific monitoring. The major findings
                  were:


                          Great Bay Watch (GBW) and New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
                          (NHDES) have observed variable but elevated bacteria and nutrient levels in the
                          watershed.


                          Jackson Estuarine Laboratory (JEL) at the University of New Hampshire completed two











                                                                                                                2

                      projects in the watershed and found:
                      &       Bacterial and nutrient levels were elevated in the watershed and as high or higher
                              than recent measurements in other tidal rivers in the Great Bay Watershed.
                      0       Bacterial levels in the tidal river were consistent with a restricted or conditionally,
                              approved shellfish harvest classification.
                      0       Higher bacteria levels were observed following rainfall events of greater than .25
                              for most sample dates ( except during one unusually dry spring).
                      0       The bacteria contamination is dominated by nonpoint sources such as septic
                              systems, urban and agricultural runoff, and other undetermined sources. The
                              wastewater treatment plant is a relatively constant source of nutrients and
                              intermittent source of bacterial contamination.
                              Loading estimates indicated the greatest source of fecal coliform and enterococci
                              bacteria is the main stem of the Oyster River (freshwater), followed by Johnson
                              Creek and Beards Creek.
                              Impounded areas and marshes appear to have a positive impact on water quality.

              The project team chose additional sample sites to monitor and focused on freshwater sites in the
              watershed. In particular this sampling found:

                      The major sources of pollutants are in the lower part of the watershed, still intermittent
                      sources in the upper part of the watershed should not be disregarded.

                      Suspended sediment levels frequently exceeded levels for generally clean freshwaters
                      throughout the watershed.

                      Some of the highest bacteria, nutrient, and suspended sediment levels were observed from
                      catch basin pipe outfalls.

                      The highest bacteria levels of all the samples collected were observed in College Brook.

                      A limited number of samples were tested for lead, zinc, and copper. Although a number
                      of samples exceeded conservative standards set for aquatic life, none exceeded limits sut
                      for public health.

              The Steering Committee discussed project results and developed recommendations for education
              initiatives, future monitoring, and improved maintenance of control structures.












                                                                                                                     3


                  INTRODUCTION


                  New Hampshire has solved many water pollution problems in the past twenty years. However,
                  pollution sources still threaten the water quality of our lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. This is
                  evident in New Hampshire's seacoast region where the majority of the shellfish beds are closed to
                  harvesting due to bacterial pollution (DES, 1994). Previous attempts to control pollution
                  focused on point sources and recent water quality studies suggest that nonpoint sources (NPS) of
                  pollution are the major cause of current water quality problems.

                  To address nonpoint pollution in the Oyster River Watershed the New Hampshire Coastal
                  Program (NHCP), Strafford Regional Planning Commission (SRPC) and the University of New
                  Hampshire (UNH) initiated a project to evaluate the potential nonpoint pollution sources in the
                  watershed, public perceptions of the problem, and current management strategies to control
                  nonpoint pollution sources. Involvement of representatives from communities in the watershed
                  was a key component of the project. To maximize local involvement, the NHCP worked with the
                  SRPC to form a steering committee with members from municipal boards, UNH, and other
                  interest groups. The Steering Committee provided community members an opportunity to
                  contribute to the development of the program, direct specific project activities such as site
                  selection for water quality monitoring and development of the public attitude survey, and develop
                  final recommendations.


                  Nonpoint source pollution is the hidden pollution of our waterways. Unlike point sources of
                  pollution that are relatively easy to identify because they come from the end of a pipe, nonpoint
                  pollution arises from a variety of diffuse sources that can be hard to pin down. Industrial
                  discharges and the outfall from a wastewater treatment plant are point sources. Nonpoint
                  pollution, also referred to as polluted runoff, is generated from many scattered sources. It
                  develops when water washes over lawns, parking lots, city streets, farm fields, construction sites,
                  and picks up pollutants such as bacteria, oil, sediments or fertilizers. Polluted runoff may then
                  travel to waterways by natural drainage or through a storm drain system and degrade water
                  quality.

                  Watershed initiatives are critical to managing for nonpoint pollution sources. A watershed is
                  basically a drainage basin. It is the geographic area in which water, sediments, and dissolved
                  materials drain to a common outlet. Since nonpoint sources of pollution are difficult to locate,
                  problems in a drainage basin may go unnoticed until the cumulative impacts are seen at the
                  downstream outlet. The whole drainage area affects the water quality of the outlet, therefore it is
                  important to evaluate nonpoint pollution on a watershed scale.



                  PROJECT OBJECTIVES
                  The following were the overall objectives of the project:

                          Assess the water quality impacts of existing nonpoint sources of pollution in the watershed











                        through a review of existing water quality data augmented with additional site specific
                        monitoring.

                        Review ability of local land use regulations to control and prevent nonpoint pollution.

                        Develop a survey tool to measure watershed residents' knowledge and perception of
                        nonpoint pollution,

                        Work with a local steering committee to identify sites for water quality monitoring,
                        develop a survey tool to measure perceptions of nonpoint pollution issues in the
                        watershed, review information sources gathered, and develop recommendations to manage
                        for nonpoint pollution.

                        Help the NHCP define a process to involve local governments and interest groups in the
                        development and implementation of the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Project.


                This report summarizes methods and results for the review of local land use regulations and water
                quality monitoring. A second report details methods, results and recommendations for the survey
                of residents in the watershed (see Hanratty et al., 1996, report attached). Survey results that
                relate to components of this report are noted.



                LOCAL LAND USE REGULATIONS


                Land use activities in the watershed are potential sources of nonpoint pollution. Fertilizers and.
                pesticides used on agricultural land and residential areas can wash off into surface waters if
                applied in excessive amounts or close to water bodies. Stormwater runoff from urban areas often
                contains high concentrations of toxic metals, bacteria, nutrients and sediments. If stormwater is
                transported directly to surface waters, and bypasses the natural filtering capacity of soils and
                vegetation, it can seriously degrade water quality. Although parking lots, roads, driveways, and
                other impervious surfaces are normal results of development, preventing the direct transport of
                runoff from impervious surfaces to waterways is critical to protect water quality.

                In New Hampshire, municipalities have the authority to enact local land use regulations that can
                help reduce nonpoint sources of pollution. Requiring erosion and sediment controls during
                construction activities can help retain soil particles on site and lessen the chance they wash away
                in a rainstorm and enter a local stream. Grass swales, vegetated buffer strips, and detention basins
                are examples of techniques that can be required to slow runoff from impervious areas and allow
                pollutants to filter out before water enters an important water body.

                NHCP staff reviewed local ordinances and regulations for their ability to address sources of
                nonpoint pollution. The list of municipal regulations to review was based on federal











                  recommendations that define several nonpoint management measures that state Coastal Nonpoint
                  Pollution Control Program should address. The review included the towns that cover the major
                  part of the watershed, Durham, Lee, Madbury, and Barrington. A summary matrix of the review
                  is located in appendix A. For categories where state regulations may apply, the matrix will be
                  blank unless a town has referenced these state regulations or adopted a local regulation. The
                  review was completed from January to March 1995.

                  This review was an attempt to summarize key nonpoint regulations for towns in the watershed.
                  Local regulations are continuously changing and developing and any summary has the potential to
                  be quickly outdated. Still, this summary matrix provides the towns in the watershed an
                  opportunity to examine what regulations are important for reducing nonpoint sources of pollution,
                  how many towns in the watershed incorporate these measures in their regulations, and gaps that
                  towns may want to focus on in the future when updating regulations.

                  The following summary highlights some important regulatory gaps in the watershed that towns
                  should focus on in the future.


                  Soil Type Lot Size Regulations
                  No towns in the watershed require soil-based lot sizes. In the 1970's the Rockingham County
                  Conservation District developed a system for determining building lot sizes based on the land's
                  capacity to handle the effluent from septic systems. This model has been adopted by many
                  communities throughout the state. In early 1990's, a group called the Ad Hoc Committee for
                  Soil-based Lot Size Regulations conducted an extensive review of the soil type lot size
                  regulations and made revisions to make the regulations even more scientifically defensible. The
                  result was the "Model Subdivision regulations for Soil-Based Lot Size", published in June, 1991.
                  All communities with soil type lot size regulations should bring their local regulations into
                  conformance with the standards set forth in the model. Adoption of this model will reduce the
                  likelihood of nonpoint pollution from septic systems placed on inadequate soils types.

                  Impervious Limits
                  A twenty percent impervious limit generally allows for house coverage, necessary walkways and
                  driveways, and maintains the natural capability of a site to control NPS (pers. convs. F. Latawiec,
                  0 SP, Arnold and Gibbons, 1996). Some advocate impervious limits of 10- 15 percent to maintain
                  the quality of sensitive or unique stream areas such as cold-water trout habitat (Schueler, 1991).
                  Impervious areas are basically all the areas that are not vegetated, such as rooftops and
                  driveways, or compacted soils. Constructed impervious surfaces can reduce the potential for
                  infiltration of precipitation and result in increased runoff, erosion, and greater pollutant loads to
                  surface waters. Vegetated areas control nonpoint pollution by preserving the natural storage
                  capacity and filtering ability of soils and vegetation. Towns in the watershed have lot impervious
                  limits ranging from ten to seventy-five percent.

                  Septic Systems
                  Septic systems are believed to be a major source of bacteria and nutrients in surface waters. Soil-











               based lot size, discussed previously, reduces some NPS concerns related to septic systems.
               NHDES regulates the design and installation of new systems. All towns in the watershed'
               reinforce these regulations by inspecting new systems prior to backfilling.

               Septic systems require regular inspection and maintenance. No town in the watershed requires
               owners to inspect tanks annually. All septic tanks need periodic inspections to determine if they
               are functioning properly or need to be pumped. If homeowners wait until a system shows
               complete signs of failure, such as surface breakout of wastewater, expensive repairs are required
               and nonpoint sources of pollution may result. Towns should consider establishing a program
               focusing on education for septic system owners and creating a septic tank inspection program.
               Informational brochures about septic system maintenance are available from DES. Also, Granite
               State Designers and Installers is updating the publication "Septic Systems - How They Work and
               How to Keep Them Working" and free copies will be available this fall (Contact Granite State
               Designers and Installers 603-228-123 1).

               Subdivision and Site Plan Review Regulations
               Subdivision regulations apply to the subdivision of land, while site plan review regulations apply
               to nonresidential and multi-family development. Both types of regulations are important in the
               effort to provide for the proper treatment of stormwater runoff and the control of nonpoint
               pollution that may result as land is developed. Various versions of model subdivisions and site
               plan review regulations have been prepared by a variety of groups. These models cover
               everything from application procedures to surety agreements. The provisions that specifically
               address nonpoint pollution include erosion and sediment control, stormwater management, and
               control of hazardous materials.


               All towns in the watershed have some type of subdivision and site plan review regulations. For
               these regulations to be effective it is important they specify design standards. To ensure these
               standards are met and implemented may require independent review by a qualified consultant, on-
               site inspections, and performance bonding. An excellent guidance manual is the "Stormwater
               Management and Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Urban and Developing Areas of
               New Hampshire" (RCCD, 1992). It is recommended that towns require applicants to meet the
               established standards in this guide. (The handbook is available from Strafford County
               Conservation District, 749-3037.)











                                                                                                                        7


                 Actions to consider
                 Based on the review of local regulations, towns in the watershed should consider the following
                 actions. For the complete regulation review see appendix A.

                 Abbreviations used: E&SC-erosion and sediment controls, SDR-subdivision regulations, SPR-site plan review, SPA-
                 shoreland protection act, Green book = Stormwater Management and Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for
                 Urban and Developing Areas in New Hampshire, P&VPD soils-poorly and very poorly dra ed soils.
                   Durham                       Lee                      Madbury                  Barrington

                   consider soil-based lot      consider soil-based      consider soil-based      consider soil-based
                   sizing in unsewered          lot sizing               lot sizing               lot sizing
                   areas

                   septic systems- town         septic systems-town      septic systems-town      town references 155-
                   inspects new systems-        inspects new             inspects new             E-should consider
                   consider program for         systems-consider         systems-consider         periodic
                   older systems                program for older        program for older        inpsecion/permit
                   (educ/compliance)            systems                  systems. (educ/compl     renewal
                                                (educ/compliance)        iance)
                                                -require inspection      -require inspection
                                                and upgrade if           and upgrade if
                                                necessary for            necessary for
                                                expans./conversion.      expans./conversion.

                   E&SC will be                 reference "Green         reference "Green         reference "Green
                   addressed if new SPA         book" for design         book" for design         booV* for design
                   approved -covers             stds. for E&SC and       stds. for E&SC and       stds. for E&SC and
                   down to 75' from all         stormwater               stormwater               stormwater
                   perennial brooks             treatment in SPR and     treatment in SPR and     treatment in SPR and
                                                SDR                      SDR                      SDR


                   consider designating         buffer for wetlands-     consider maint. 100'     consider maint. 100'
                   important wetlands for       75'-consider             vegetated buffer for     vegetated buffer for
                   100' buffer" (current        designating prime        important surface        important surface
                   requir. - 75'for surface     areas" with buffer       waters and               waters and
                   water or VPDsoil/50'         1001.                    wetlands" current        wetlands" current
                   PDsoil)                                               require.-50'for tidal    require- 100' in
                                                                         wetlands and             industr. Park for
                                                                         P&VPD soils.             prime wl, 50'all
                                                                                                  others












                                                                consider greater        consider aquifer
                                                                impervious limits in    protection zone
                                                                sensitive areas-SPA,
            I                                                   Aquifer Protec. Z.     I
            **note* *-recommendation on considering buffers of 100'is based on the most recent guidelines (see ref. Chase et al.
            1995) for wetland and surface waters for New Hampshire, but should be applied to areas that are determined to
            warrant protection through a comprehensive planning strategy.
            *"Green Book" refers to the Stormwater Management and Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Urban and
            Developing Areas in New Hampshire, Rockingham County Conservation District. 1992.



            WATER QUALITY INFORMATION

            See appendix B for information on water quality parameters and state standards.

            The following rec@nt sources of water quality data were reviewed to assess existing sources of nonpoint
            pollution in the watershed and aid in developing a site-specific monitoring program. The most recent
            data sources were reviewed to assess the current state of the watershed. Other data sources prior to
            1990 exist (NHDES, water quality study for the town of Lee, Durham Urban Runoff Study), but were
            not included in this review.


            Point Sources
            Most studies suggest recent reductions in point sources of pollution in NH leave nonpoint sources as the
            leading cause of water quality problems. Available information for the Durham wastewater treatment
            plant is reviewed to assess how this theory holds in the Oyster River Watershed. A study completed by
            Jackson Estuarine Lab (JEL, i 995) concluded the Durham wastewater treatment plant is a relatively
            constant source of nutrients and an intermittent source of bacterial contamination to the Oyster River.
            When they estimated loads from point versus nonpoint sources they concluded the treatment plant was
            the major source of inorganic phosphorus, contributed about 48% of the inorganic nitrogen, but the
            bacterial loading from the treatment plant was insignificant compared to nonpoint sources.

            Great Bay Watch
            Great Bay Watch (GBW) is a volunteer water quality monitoring group sponsored by Sea Grant
            Extension at the University of New Hampshire. The watch has been sampling at Smith's dock, just
            upstream of Bunker Creek and downstream of the Durham Wastewater Treatment Facility, since 1990.
            The site is sampled twice a month from April to November at both high and low tide. The Watch has
            observed higher fecal coliform levels at low tide (mean = 40 colonies) than at high tide (mean = 3
            colonies) suggesting bacteria sources are located upstream of the site. Yearly means for the site fi.-om
            1990-1995 show a decreasing trend at both tidal stages. Recurring low tide oxygen depletion was also
            noted for this site. (GBW, 1995).

            Jackson Estuarine Laboratory
            Jackson Estuarine Laboratory (JEL) at the University of New Hampshire completed two projects
            assessing nonpoint pollution sources in the Oyster River Watershed from 7/92 to 6/94. The projects









              Sampling Sites
                      JEL 0
                      Gl3'w Qb
              Durham WWTP







             A         D



















                           RESERVOIR













                                    -A@
                                                                    r










                                                                              GIB











                                                                                                                         10

                 focused  on the tidal portion of the river and the tributaries that empty directly in to the tidal river.
                 Samples were collected at 12 sites along a transect in the tidal river, as well as, a number of sites
                 in sub watersheds. The following conclusions were reached:
                 0       Bacterial and nutrient levels were elevated in the watershed and as high or higher than
                         recent measurements in other tidal rivers in the Great Bay Watershed.
                 0       Bacterial levels in the tidal*river were consistent with a restricted or conditionally
                         approved shellfish harvest classification.
                 0       ffigher bacteria levels were observed following rainfall events of greater than .25" for
                         most sample dates ( except during one unusually dry spring).
                 0       The bacteria contamination is dominated by nonpoint sources such as septic systems,
                         urban and agricultural runoff, and other undetermined sources. The wastewater treatment
                         plant is a relatively constant source of nutrients and intermittent source of bacterial
                         contamination (see also discussion above for point sources).
                         Loading estimates indicated the greatest source of fecal coliform and bacteria is the main
                         stem of the Oyster River (freshwater), followed by Johnson Creek and Beards Creek.
                         Impounded areas and marshes appear to have a positive impact on water quality.

                 NH Department of Environmental Services
                 Data collected from the Oyster River Watershed for the state ambient water quality monitoring,
                 program were reviewed. A network of eleven sites in the watershed have been sample since
                 1974; some sites being sampled more frequently than others. Recent water quality concerns were
                 observed at site 8-Oys (Rte 155a crossing). Variable but elevated fecal coliform and nitrate levels,
                 and occasionally depressed oxygen levels were evident. College Brook was recently sampled.
                 Elevated bacteria levels were observed (fecal coliform range=250-155OCts/100 MI) but no sources
                 were identified.


                 Durham Conservation Commission
                 Durham Conservation Commission recently required nitrogen monitoring for drainage tiles from
                 one of UNH's agricultural fields. Data collected from 4/l/94 to 10/9/95 were made available -for
                 review. Nitrate values ranged from <.I mg/L to 11. 3 mg/L at the upper end of the ditch and ft-om
                 . I to .8 mg/L at the downstream location. The one date when nitrate levels exceeded the standard
                 of I Omg/l in the drainage ditch, the downstream location levels decreased to Amg/L. Ammonium
                 levels ranged from <Img/l to 3mg/L, with over 90% of the samples reported at less than lmgA'-.
                 These levels are well below the State standard for ammonia based on acute toxicity for aquatic life
                 of 29 mg/L. Ammonia levels for most unpolluted surface waters is usually less than. I mg/L. All
                 but two of the 17 sample dates were dry weather sample periods. The Steering Committee
                 expressed interest in this site and decided to include this site in the wet-weather sampling.

                 Site Specific Sampling
                 Available water quality data for the watershed was summarized and presented to the Steering
                 Committee to help focus supplemental monitoring. The Committee discussed what parameters to
                 focus on and the number of samples that could be collected with the available sampling budget.
                 Twenty sample sites were selected as follows:











              site               objective
              IjC*          Measure downstream impact of sources identified by Jackson Estuarine Lab
                            (JEL). Results were variable but suspected impacts could be significant during
                            high flows-attributed bacteria and nutrients to on-site septic and agr. runoff. in
                            upper part of watershed-measure below wetlands.

              1&2BC         Follow up on high bacteria and NH4 measured by JEL noted unidentified pipes
                            in area, use 2 "flexible sites" to bracket area.

              IRB           Downtown Durham, possible flex site- attempt to identify sources, (JEL
                            sampled culvert outfall at Madbury road crossing with variable but high fecal
                            coliform range=10-757, n--3 GM=97).

              2RB           Designate sample site to follow up on high bacteria and N03 levels measured by
                            JEL (fecal coliform geo ave=281, range 81-656, n=4).

              3RB*          Bracket brook, see how much is coming from upper part of watershed.

              l&2CB         Bracket college brook, has been identified in past as significant source, see what
                            is from campus vs. downtown resid./commercial district.

              50ys*         Measure at tidal dam for freshwater endpoint reference.

              IMP           Drainage swale that collects parking lot runoff from bank, apartment complex,
                            and drains into Mill Pond.

              lBH*          Sample from resid./agric. area around Beaudette and Hamel Brooks.

              1&20R*        Bracket and measure potential residential contribution to Mill Pond.

              30R           End of culvert drains into Oyster River-measure runoff from UNH-collects large
                            parking lot area and dorm complex.

              40R*          Measure what is coming over dam.

              50R           End of drainage from UNH Moore fields, testing for Durham CC did not
                            include bacteria and covered mostly dry events. Site recommended by Steering
                            Committee members.

              10-Oys*       Sites to collect baseline data on the upper part of watershed, site l3oys and
              130ys*        l3bOR are to split out Lee traffic circle and Wheelright Pond.
              13bOR*
              140ys*
              Sites noted by an asterisks (*) did not vary. Other locations had variable sites in an attempt to identify possible pollution sources.
              See the more detailed site description and maps that follows for the exact sample location on a particular date. Sites designated
              by "Oys" correspond to established NHDES sample sites. Samples sites included outlets from storm drains, drainage swales,
              detention basins, along with stream sites in the main branch of the Oyster River. Since stormwater was documented to negatively
              impact the water quality in the watershed, sampling focused on wet weather sampling.








                        OYSTER RIVER. WATERSHED                                                                                                             BASE MAP                                                                       SCALE

                        Map pmd"d at NH    Offf- d Sid. Pl-h       Sptwbw 09. im








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                                                                                                                                                                                                                     sites noted b
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     asterisks (,l) c











                                                                                                                         13

              Sample Collection and Analyses
              Samples were grab samples collected in polyethylene bottles that were acid-washed and prepared at
              NHDES and Jackson Lab at UNH. Bottles used for nutrient and metal analyses contained an acid
              preservative. For all sites except 5-Oys, a sample was collected directly in the sample bottle. Due to
              access limitations at site 5-Oys, a clean bucket rinsed twice with sample water was used to collect a
              sample and then transferred into sample bottles.

              All samples were held on ice and transported to the appropriate lab for analysis. Nutrients, metals, and
              bacteria tests were conducted at NHDES. Metals analysis for total recoverable metals was done on a
              limited number of samples to provide baseline data. Total suspended solids and percent organic matter
              analyses were completed at JEL. Field instruments were used to measure pK dissolved oxygen,
              conductivity, and temperature and results were recorded on field data sheets.

              For all samples, concentrations were measured and not loads. This needs to be kept in mind when
              considering the overall importance of detected contaminants. For example, bacteria concentrations could
              be high but perhaps the volume of flow at this sample site is low, so the relative impact of contaminants
              for the watershed is insignificant.

              In the watershed, waters above the Mill Road crossing are class A, and below this class B. This is the
              state classification system for water quality standards. Waters that meet class A standards are considered
              the highest quality and potentially usuable as a water supply after adequate treatment. Discharge of
              sewage or waste is prohibited to waters of this classification. Waters that meet class B standards are
              considered acceptable for swimming and other recreation, fish habitat, and, after adequate treatment, for
              use as water supplies. No disposal of sewage or wastes, unless adequately treated, is allowed.



              SAMPLING RESULTS


              Samples were collected for five rain dates, focusing on days when rainfall was insignificant 2-3 days prior
              to sampling. Spring snowmelt was occurring before the first sample date. The twenty initial sites were
              sampled on 3/20/96. (See map page 12). This was a rain on snowmelt event. Rain began early in the
              morning and a total of .56 inches of rain was recorded for the day at the Durham observation station. For
              the second storm sample (4/23/96), rain began late the evening before and sampling was conducted the
              next morning. Rainfall was measured at .53 inches. Smaller sample collections at variable sites took
              place on three subsequent dates: 4/29/96, 6/3/96, and 6/21/96. On 4/29/96 sampling began at 3:00 p.m.
              Rainfall measured .21 inches for that day (recorded at 5 p.m.). Sampling on 6/3/96 was a false start and
              total rainfall accumulation was only .09 inches. Steady rain was observed during the last sample event
              and total rainfall measured .30 inches.


              Reading the Graphs
              A few things should be kept in mind when reviewing the following graphs. The graphs focus on
              the results for bacteria, nutrients, suspended sediments and metals analysis. Metals data were
              collected on a limited number of samples and are summarized following the graphs and site











                                                                                                                     14

               descriptions. Sample sites were grouped between variable an nonvariable sites, as well as,
               subwatershed locations. Sites included river locations, catch basin drains, and drainage swales.
               A complete database for all lab and field tests completed for each sample is in appendix C. Note,
               when making comparisons between graphs, axis scales may vary. Only parameters that were
               detected will show on the graph. This accounts for variability between graph legends. If a sample
               is listed in the legend but not visible on the graph, it may be due to a low value that is not visible
               on the scale utilized. The database included should be referenced for exact values (see appendix
               C).



               Nonvariable sites

               The following sample site locations did not vary for different sample dates. Most were sampled
               on the first two dates and then selected ones were subsequently sampled. Sites I-JC, I-BH, 5-
               Oys, and I -OR are located in the lower part of the watershed that is classified as class B waters
               and are stream sites. The remaining nonvariable sample sites are located in class A waters. All
               are stream sites in the main stem of the Oyster River, except 13B-OR is located on a feeder
               stream that receives runoff from the Lee traffic circle. (See locator map page 12).

               The only bacteria levels that exceed state standards for this data set were at site I -BH. Bacteria
               levels at this site exceeded the one time limit of 406 E. coli/100 ml on 6/21/96. (E. Coli
               =730cts/100ml). Levels were variable at this site and the geomean for 3 samples was just below
               the state standard at 119 cts/ I 00ml (standard limit for a geomean is 126/1 00ml). This site was
               selected to examine if there were any pollutant inputs to Mill Pond from the surrounding
               residential/agricultural section of the watershed. Site I -JC was selected to examine if high
               bacteria and nutrients observed by JEL in the upper watershed of Johnson Creek made it down
               stream during highflow conditions. Bacteria levels were not greatly elevated. At the tidal dam E.
               coli levels are comparable to JEL results. Although E. coli is not the indicator for shellfishing
               waters, it is evidence bacteria are reaching the dam and the sehifish areas in the tidal portion of the
               river.


               For nutrients, levels in the upper part of the watershed are generally less than the lower sites. 13-
               B stands out as having some of the higher nutrient levels for the sites in the upper part of the
               watershed. This was the only site in the upper watershed to exceed the general ammonia value fbr
               clean surfaces waters of . I mg/L. Suspended sediments, which may be a source of nutrients, were
               also high at this site. A number of sites in this group had total phosphorous levels greater than
               those for generally clean waters. Suspended sediment levels frequently exceeded 10mg/L,
               particularly for the early spring sample date.











                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           15























                                                                     30 -                          . .....-


                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MAW

                                                                 E 20 - -                                                       . . .....                                                                               4/23M

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4r29196


                                                                                                                                                                                                                        6/3/96
                                                                     10 - - -------                     - - -----            .... . . .... .... .. ...... . . .... . ......                      . .. ........





                                                                      0-
                                                                             I-ic                   5-0"                    2-OR                   10-OR                  138-OR                  I-c".
                                                                                         I-SH                    I-OR                    4-OR                 1""                    13C-OR
                                                                                                                               sample site


                                                                 am -





                                                                                                               . .....   ...... . ..... .....-                          ------------ - - ---- -- --------        . .......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3/20/96
                                                              E                                                                                                                                                                 M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4/23196

                                                                 400            . ..... ... .. . . .. ...... . ..... .. .......... . ....... ...... ....... .. .. . . . ......... . ... . .... ...... .. . ... ... ................ .
                                                              -6                                                                                                                                                                4/29/96
                                                              uj                                                                                                                                                                613196
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                M
                                                                 200 -                                              . ............... .... . ...... .... ... ........... ........ ........... . .......... . ........... ...........  .............. . ............... 6/21/96

                                                                                                                                             0
                                                                          oL                                                                 t .a
                                                                             I-jc                       &4C)yS                   2-OR                    10-OR                    138-OR
                                                                                          I-SH                      I-OR                     4-OR                     13-00                    13C-OR
                                                                                                                                      Sample site










                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       16











                                                                                   0.12-


                                                                                   0.1 - - ---- . .... .-. .....  . ....            . .... .. .......     . .. . ....  . .... . ... . ....  . ....        . .....        . ...... . ....  . . ....


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       MOW
                                                                                   0.08                                                              . ....        .. . ....                        .. . .... . ....     . .....  . ... . ....         M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       4fZM
                                                                       E
                                                                       CL 0.06 -                                                    - ----- - -           . .. . ....         . ... . ....  . .....                      . ..... . .... . .. . . ....  4f29M

                                                                                   0.04                           .. . .. ....... -                                           . ... . ....  . ....  . .....              ...... . ....                 GGIN
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       U21M
                                                                                   0.02---                        . ......


                                                                                   0-
                                                                                        I.X                                                                                   10-M                                                WOP
                                                                                                      "M                          I.Oft                            4.0"                     IMII,.                       13C-CM
                                                                                                                                                     sample sfte



                                                                                   0.6-


                                                                                   0.5 - - -------                                                   . .... ........          . ... . .... . .. . ....                   . ....   . ... . . .....

                                                                       tMO.4 -                                                            ..... ..... . . ..... . ...... . ....             . ..... . .....              . . . ............... . ..... WOM
                                                                       E                                                                                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       V23196
                                                                       C14
                                                                       C)0.3----                       . ....        . . .......  .... .. .......                  .... . .... . . .... . ... . .... . .... . ...... . ...... . ..... . ............. ...... . .....
                                                                       z                                                                                                                                                                               U29196
                                                                       Cf)                                                                                                                                                                             6rim
                                                                       00.2-                                        ... .....             ......                   .... . ..... ..... . ... . . .... . ..... . . ....    . ...... . ..... . . . ..... .......M
                                                                       z           ,                                                                                                                                                                I MI/96
                                                                                   0.1 -                                                                           . ....     ---- - --- - - ----                        ... . . .... .. ..... . . ................
                                                                                   0-1
                                                                                      Wc                          sop                                2-OR                     10-OR                 IMOR                          14.Oys
                                                                                                    I-am                          I-OR                             4-OR                     131DP                        MwOft
                                                                                                                                                     Sample sde





                                                                                   0.9 - - - ----- . ...... ........... ...... ..... . .......... ....... . . .... . . .......... ... . . ..... ---- - ----- -------- .... . ..... . . ....................... ..........

                                                                                   0.8                                                    .......... .-                                                                  - -- ---- ------ -----

                                                                                   0.7 - ---- ----                                        - - - -----                                                                    . ... ..... . .. ... ......... ---  WOM6
                                                                       7j% 0.6 -                                                                                              --- ---                                             .....   ....... ...... . V23A6
                                                                       E 0.5                                 - - -----      ------                                                                                       . .. ...... ......1
                                                                       CM)                                                                                                                                                                               4r2W%
                                                                       7-0.4                                                ..... ..... ... ....     -----         ...... .. ....
                                                                       z
                                                                                   0.3                                                    ------ -----    .. . ....... ..                   . .....

                                                                                   0.2               ....... ........ ..... . . ....... ......       .................. -.1 -- - - - --------- . ....                    ............ .

                                                                                     ...... ....... .. ........ . .... . . .....                                   . ....... . ..... --- . . .............. ....         ............. .... . ..............

                                                                                   0
                                                                                      I-JC                                                           2-OR                     101MOR                      130-OR                          14-"
                                                                                                    143H                          I-OR                             44)9                     O-C"                         13C-OR
                                                                                                                                                     sample site











                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          17


                              Variable Sites


                              Pettee (Reservoir) Brook
                              Downtown Durham was identified as an area of potential runoff concerns by the Steering Committee.
                              Previous work by JEL found variable but occasionally high levels of nutrients and bacteria along Pettee
                              Brook that runs through a section of downtown Durham and the UNH campus. Three variable sites were
                              sampled along this brook in attempt to identify potential sources. Sites I -RB and 2-RB were variable
                              with I -RB always the furthest downstream on any sample date. Site 3-RB was a fixed site and the
                              furthest upstream. Most samples were from stream sites. Sites noted on the map by an asterisk were
                              catch basin outfall pipes (see site map that follows).

                              There are a number of samples for this stream that had high bacteria counts. Levels that greatly exceed
                              the state standard were observed from stream samples in the lower part of the stream on 4/23/96 (E.
                              coli=2780cts/100rnl) and mid way in the stream on 6/3/96 (E. coli=4100ets/100nil). The levels found at
                              2-RB on 6/3/96 are similar to levels observed by JEL. No potential sources were confirmed through this
                              sampling. Subsequent sampling of a catch basin discharge in the lower section of the stream identify this
                              as a potential source of bacteria. This discharge was sampled on two events and bacteria levels greatly
                              exceeded state standards (4/29/96 E. coli=278octs/looml, 6/21/96 E.coli=41OOcts/100 n-fl). Other pipes
                              obviously discharging from catch basins into the stream in this area were also sampled but did not have
                              elevated bacteria counts. The highest TSS levels were observed from these pipe discharges, suggesting
                              the sediment traps for these basins are not working or need to be cleaned. TSS levels from in stream
                              samples were also elevated. Erosion occumng at the Whittemore Center construction site is one obvious
                              source of sediments. Some of the highest nutrient levels related to catch basin pipe discharges.
                              Background levels of bacteria at the upstream sample site (3-RB) were much lower but still elevated
                              compared to state standards . No specific sources were determined for this sample site.


                     5000-



                     4000   - - --- ------ ........                                                  - ---------- ............ . ..



                 C3  3000              ............. .            . . . ..... . ..... .........     ................. ... ........ ......



                   02000    . . .. ....... .. ....... . .............-.............. . .... .......... ....... .... .............. ......... ....... ... ........ .. ... . ........
                 LJ


                     1000   . ... .. . ....... ........ .. . ..... .... ....-        .......... ... .......... . ...
                          0                                                              0@ In
                                  MOM                4/2               4MM                 6/3W              6QIW
                                                                 sample date                                                         100 -


                                                                                                                                      so  - -------------------------------------------- ........ ......... ............... .......................



                                                                                                                                          - --------------------------------------------------- -------- ........................................
                                                                                                                                  E


                                                                                                                                      40 - ----------    .................................... .......... ...........I ........... ............
                                                                                                      t                                         ----     -----                                                         ----   ------
                                                                                                                                      20---              ............. ----------      ..........           ..........         .......
                                                                                                                                       0[
                                                                                                                                                    3MM                   4rAW                    CAM                     &WN
                                                                                                                                                                               sample date





                       Sampling Sites                                                                             SCALE: 1 inch to 1000
                       Pettee (Reservoir) Brook
                                                                                                        0       500 1000                 2000
                       Durham, New Hampshire









                                                                                                                              N
                                                             Durham
                                                                 Reservoir
                                                                                                                                     )7PA


                                                                                      3RB                             LU

                                        --k                                         dq&
                                                                                       46*                               . ...... . ......
                                                                                                                              (6/3)
                                                                                             A Lot                                     (3/2

              . ...... . ...... . ......
                                         . ....... . ........ . ....... . ... . ....                                     2
                                                       CONCORD RD.                    ........             2RB              R             x
                                                                                                                                    (4/23)
                                                                                                                                            (4
                                                                                                                                 MAIN s-r
                     NEW HAMPSHIRE
                                                                                                       till


                                        Map produced at NH Office of State Planning. SeDtemberO9,1996         indicates catch basin outfall pipe.
         L











                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     19








                                                                             0.8-




                                                                             0.6 -                - --- - -----       - - ----             - - ----                                                               . ......-



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    i.RB
                                                                             E
                                                                             0.4                                                                                 . .....-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2-RB
                                                                             z                                                                                                                                                      M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3-RB


                                                                             0.2    - ------             .. . ....... ..... .... .. ... . ....... . . . ......   ......... . ....          . ......




                                                                                    0-
                                                                                             UMM                        4vfZM                       V21M                       6r4m                      WIM
                                                                                                                                          sample date





                                                                             1.4                                              - - - - ---------- - -- ---        . ......-                           . ... ....... ----- ----- -


                                                                                                                                                                                   . . .... . .... . . . .... --  ... . .. . ..........


                                                                                    I- - ----- - ---- -. ..... .... . .. ...... .... ........ ..... .. . ..... .. ... . .....    ......... . ..... . ...... . . .... . ...... . .....
                                                                             E                                                                                                                                                      1-REr
                                                                             C14
                                                                             z0 0.8 -                                       ... . ....... .. ....          ...........                     . . ........    ......... . ......       2-RB*

                                                                                                                                                                                       . ..... . .... ....        .... . .........  3-RO
                                                                             z


                                                                             0.4-------                                        . . ...............                                         .... . ......-


                                                                             0.2                                               ....... . .........
                                                                                                                                                                                           - - --- -----          .......


                                                                                    0-
                                                                                            MAM                        4r23M                        4r29M                      0/31M                     6121196
                                                                                                                                              sample date




                                                                                    0.5 -




                                                                                    0.4                   .... . ..... ........                                                                            ... . ..... . .



                                                                             0)0.3  - - -- - ------ ------ ..... . . ...... .  -- - -----   ......  . ... .....  -----    --- - ----   -- - ---------- - --- .... ....... .         I-RB*
                                                                             E
                                                                             (L                                                                                                                                                     2-RB*
                                                                             4.; 0.2 - ---- -------- -- - -- - ---- ........-... .. .. . . ..                    .... . ...... ........... . .......... . .................... ........... . ...M
                                                                             0                                                                                                                                                      3-RS



                                                                                    0.1                                    ........ ..... . . ............                                                        ......... .
                                                                                    0                                                     i           -                 i i M-
                                                                                             WOM                        4rrN%                       4/29M                      6/3M                      &21196
                                                                                                                                          sample date











                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            20

                                               College Brook

                                               Two flexible sites were sampled on College Brook. This stream was identified in previous studies as
                                               a significant source of bacteria and nutrients. The stream passes through the UNH campus, as well
                                               as, commercial and residential sections of Durham. Samples were collected from stream locations in
                                               the main brook and on one occasion, (I CB; on 4/29), from a drainage swale that runs along the
                                               railroad track (see locator map).

                                               The highest bacteria levels for all samples collected for this study were observed in College Brook
                                               samples. On 6/21/96 a sample collected just below Mill Road (I -CB) had E. Coli levels of
                                               19,000cts/100 ml, and further upstream (2-CB) counts were 11,400/100 ml. Earlier sampling at the
                                               NEII Road site (2-CB on 3/20/96) had elevated levels of bacteria (E. Coli =360 cts/100 ml) but did not
                                               exceed the one-time standard limit. The sample site furthest downstream on this date had similar
                                               levels of bacteria (I-CB, on 3/20/96, E. Coli =370 cts/100 ml)and may suggests bacterial sources are
                                               reaching the Nfill Pond from the UNH campus. One potential source from the UNH campus is runoff
                                               from livestock barns along this tributary (see I -CB on 4/29/96). The highest nutrient levels relate to
                                               this drainage swale suggesting runoff from the livestock barns is a pollution source to the strearn.
                                               Other sources above and below this runoff swale site probably contribute to the pollutant levels
                                               observed on 6/21/96 and should be investigated further.






                                                                                                                  50 - - -        ---               ......... .. ..... . ......                   ... .......... . .... . ......                    .. . ....... . ...... . .....



                                                                                                                  40    -                                           . .....                                         .. . ...... .......... - --------            . ......       . . ........

                                                                                                            E 30        - - - -----                                 ......... . . ...... ... . . ......             .. . .... . ....... . ..... ..                                                    I-cs
                                                                                                            &0
                                                                                                            W                                                                                                                                                                                         2-CB

                                                                                                                  20                                                                     ... . ......... . ..... . . .... . .....                                            ..... . .......



                                                                                                                  10                                                      .............. . .... ..... ..... . ......  --- .. . . ................




                                                                                                                                             XVM                                                    4rXJM                                                  C29W
                                                                                                                                                                                         sample dates



                                                                                                                  2M -




                                                                                                                  15M        - - -- - ------------ --                               . .....      -- - - -------     -- _- .. . ... ........  ...................... . ..... .........-



                                                                                                            C)
                                                                                                            T"                                                                                                                                                                                        I-ca
                                                                                                            =_ 10000 -                                 ------- - -     ...... ........ ........ .. . .......                   ............... ....... . . ....
                                                                                                            6
                                                                                                            U                                                                                                                                                                                         2-CS
                                                                                                            LJ
                                                                                                                  SM - -                                       - - - -----          ... . ......... - ---------                    .......... ..  ...............


                                                                                                                        0 1         r                               -                        ,     F-I                                                     i
                                                                                                                                       3MM                             4reW                            4rAM                           m"                             6121M
                                                                                                                                                                                         sample dates











                                                                                    SCALE: 1 inch to 1200 feet
                       Sampling Sites                                           0    500 1000         2000        3000

                       College Brook

                                                                                            NEW HAMPSHIRE
                       Durham, Now Hampshire











                                                                                                       \'2CB
                                                              2CB                                         (3/20)
                                                                           :...... . ...... r.01legeft.                            Mill>\
                                                                       ...                                                 .. .........
                                                                                                                                    on
                                                             (6/21)                                                                P,  d
                          C155A                                                                        1CB
                                    2CB                                                         I .   1
                                                                    i      CBL-cp
                                     (4/29)                                           kkC@k           1(6/21)---
                                                                        14/29)                                       '-T-'lCB
                                                                                                                              k:
                       A,                                                It                                           .  .
                                                                                                    -4     11    -1 (3/20, 4/2
                      GD/                                                ; ",                       /I
                                                                                                                                         Coal



                                              Map produced at NH Office of State Planning, September 10, 1996










                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       '12












                                                                                                                                 0.7-


                                                                                                                                 0.6 - ---------                                                                   .. . .... ......... .


                                                                                                                                 0.5--..                    . .....          . .... . .....                                            . .....           . .... .. ..... .. .....

                                                                                                                                                            . . .... . . .... . .....  . ... . ....                                                                                                       FMI
                                                                                                                   E                                                                                                                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                                   cr)
                                                                                                                   M 0.3                                    . . ....         . .... --.- . . ..... . .....-                                     . ... . ....
                                                                                                                   z

                                                                                                                                 0.2-------                 . ....           . ...... . .... . ......                                           . ... . ....


                                                                                                                                 0.1    ...                 . ....           . ..... . .... . ....                 ... . ..... . ....  . .... . . ... . ....



                                                                                                                                                                             41"M                            4rMW                               W"                           slim
                                                                                                                                                                                                     sample dates






                                                                                                                                 1.4 - - -- ---- . . . ..... ............ .                                        ... . .... . .....                    . .... . ....  . . .... . .... . .... .


                                                                                                                                                                             . ........ . ....... . .... .                                                              .. . .... . ....


                                                                                                                   E I           - - -------                                                . ....   . ... . ....             . .....
                                                                                                                   CI4
                                                                                                                   00.8                                                      -----------    . .......-
                                                                                                                   z

                                                                                                                   M 0.6                                                               ..... ...... . ......                  .. . .... . . ...... . .   .. . ...... .. .... .             ........
                                                                                                                   0
                                                                                                                   z             0.4-                       ......... . ........       ... ....................               ... . ..... . . . ...........-.. . ................


                                                                                                                                                                                         .. . ...........                     .. . . ..... .-   ..........
                                                                                                                                 0                                           7-1
                                                                                                                                           Y20M                              4=96                           4rASM                               W3MG                        6121M
                                                                                                                                                                                                     sample dates



                                                                                                                                 0.35


                                                                                                                                                                             ---- ------- - ---- -                 .... . ..... . ........ .. ...... . ........ .......... ........ . . .....


                                                                                                                                 0.25 -                                                                                 .. ................. .--- ...........                           ....... ...


                                                                                                                   tM            0.2                        .... ........    ...... .. . ................... ........ ..... . ..............-   ..... . ....... ......... ...... .... ...........-
                                                                                                                   E

                                                                                                                   0             0.15  ....                 .......          - - - --------------.................... ....... ......... . .-1 .......... . . .... . . .............. . .... . . ....... . ....

                                                                                                                                 0.1                                                   ...... .......... .. -.- ..... ....... ..... . ....... . . ........ ...


                                                                                                                                 0.05                                        .. . .......... . .......... .                                              ...... . .....
                                                                                                                                 0                          - ------                                                          ............ --.- . .........
                                                                                                                                            MW                               4MM                            MAM                                 WYN                        W2iIQG
                                                                                                                                                                                                     sample dates










                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    23


                                     Beards Creek
                                     Two variable sites were sampled in Beards Creek. Along witht stream locations, sample sites included a
                                     detention pond outlet, drainage swale, and catch basin outfall pipes (see locator map).
                                     No bacteria samples exceeded the one time standard of 406/100 ml but certainly a number of ubiquitous
                                     sources that cumulatively could affect the overall health of the watershed were evident. The highest
                                     bacteria levels for this section were observed from a pipe that drains two catch basins receiving road
                                     runoff near the Oyster River high school (site IBC, 6/21/96). Some of the highest suspended sediment
                                     levels observed were from this section of the watershed; at levels much greater than 10 mg/L and from
                                     areas receiving road runoff via catch basins and drainage swales (sites IBC on 3/20/96, IBC and 2BC on
                                     6/3/96). High nutrients levels also related to these sources.






                                                                                                350-


                                                                                                300 - -             . .......... . . .. . .... . . ........ . ....... . .... . ........             . ......


                                                                                                250 . . .................... . ....                            . . ...... . ...... . . ..... . .....

                                                                                     'E         200-         . .... .......... .. ...-          . . ..... . ...... -.-  . . ..... . ..... . ......  . .... . .....


                                                                                                150 . . .....  ........ . ....... ...           ... . ............. . ...... . ....... . .....
                                                                                     LJ


                                                                                                100---              ........... . ...-          ..........  -.- . . .............. . .....              . . ......-


                                                                                                50 -                      ..... ....            .. ....... . . ...... . ....... . ... . .....       -


                                                                                                0--
                                                                                                        WOM                        4rZJM                       4MM                                  SOM              S21M
                                                                                                                                                          Sample date




                                                                                                160 -


                                                                                                140 -                                   . ..... ....... ..... ........ ..... -.- .... . . ......... . ..... . . ...... . .....


                                                                                                120 - -                            . . . ....... . ..... ..........     ...... .......................... . . ............


                                                                                                100 - - -- ------         . ... .......... . .... -- ...................... -.- . .......... ....   ........................


                                                                                                                                                               ......... . ....... . ....... . .........-...... . ......... .


                                                                                                so - --- ---- ----- ----- ...... . ... ..... . . ...... ----- ............. . ................ . . .................. . ........


                                                                                                40 . . .....                   ............ ................... ... . ....... . ..................... . .................... . ........ . ..


                                                                                                20                                              ...... . ............................. .. -- ..... ....... ................ ..................
                                                                                                0- ..                                   M=                              i          -                .
                                                                                                            MOW                                 4MM                           4/29M                             WAS
                                                                                                                    ..... . ....   .....




                                                                                                                               24


                                                                                    Sampling Sites
                                                                                    Beards Creek area

                                                                                    Durham / Madbury, NEI

                                           X                                        SCALE: 1 inch to 1000 f eet
            Un
              H444
          N.                                                       ........
                                                       2B                  0      500 1000               2000            3000
                                               -@"N3/20`

               4                                                                                         NEW HAMPSHIRE
                               11 It            0


                                                                                                        0-1pphi-ily Rd-[ A..Iy-
                                                                                                        md W@atlon Tra=fsr Byam











                                                                                        Y
                                                                        100-
                                                                                        C)
                                                       '@o


                                                                               Cl)        FL
                                                                                            IBC*
                                                                                            (6/3)
                                                If                                                                 . . ......
                                                                                                11113C
                                                                                                (3/20)
                                                                              /2113C
                                                                                                X
                                                                           )e (4/23)          C\
                                                                            x@            1B
                                                                                          4/2


                                                                                                4




                                                                                  Oyster River High School

                                                                                                                      108

                                                                                    0 r.        1BC*
                                                                   2113C
                                      0
                                                                                                (6/21)                  1\
                                                                            ........ ....
                                                                    (6/3)'

                                                                                 ......                             ......


                                                                              ... .......
                                                                                                                        8








                                                                                                              e@  >'
                                                                                                          'DO"'
                                                                                              ....... ....

            indicates catch basin outfall pip% or drainage swale.
                                                                                                                         r............
                                                                                                                         . .........

                                                                                                                      r
           Map produced at NK Office of State Planning, September 09, 1996                                        VS;'










                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       25








                                                                  0.4




                                                                  0.3 -             . ..... - -----     . .... - --- - - ----  . ....




                                                                E 0.2                                        . . ..... . ....  . ..... . .....

                                                                z



                                                                                        .... . . .....            . .....      ... ....... . .......                             .. . ...... . .





                                                                      0-
                                                                               W20MOS                   4/23M                  U29M                    6GM                  WINS
                                                                                                                               sample date




                                                                  0.8-





                                                                  o.e -                                      .......... . .......... . .... ... ............... . ......... ........ . ..... . ...... . ....


                                                                ig
                                                                E
                                                                2; 0.4 -            -- - ---- --- ------     .......... -1     ..... .......... ....... .. ...... .. .......... .. . ......... . ...... .. ....... . .......
                                                                z


                                                                z


                                                                  0.2   . . .....           ..........       ............. . . . ...... -.- ...... . ....... ... .................... ---- ----- . .. .... .... .......





                                                                      0                          i                             i
                                                                                3f2W                    C23196                 4/29196                 SAM                  WNW
                                                                                                                               sample clate




                                                                  0-5 -




                                                                  0.4   - --- - -------- ----- . .... ... . . ...... .... ..... . ....... ..... . ......... . . . ......... ......... ...... . .. ....... ................. ................. . ..



                                                                ,gO.3   . ... .. ....... . ........... .............. . ....... -.- .............. .......... ..... .......-.......... . .....  .......... ... ................. . ................... . ...
                                                                E
                                                                IL

                                                                  0.2 - -            .. . ............... . ........ --.- .. . ......... . ...................... ............... . ........ . ... .............. .. ... .. . ..... . ...............




                                                                  0.1                            . . ...... ... . .................. ........ . ............ . ...... . .... .... . ............. .......... .... ........... .
                                                                      0 -.                              lv@ ,                      F--I ,
                                                                                Y20196                  C23  196               4r29M6                  6AM                    W21196
                                                                                                                               sample date










                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          26

                                 Mill Pond and Lower Oyster River

                                 These sites were mostly drainage swales or catch basin outlets that fed into the Oyster River or
                                 Nfill Pond (see locator map). Sample sites IND and 2ND, collected between 3/20 and 6/3 were
                                 from a drainge Swale and pipes that drain into it (located between the bank parking lot and the
                                 road to an apartment complex). IND on 3/20 and 2ND on 4/29 were collected from the Swale.
                                 INV on subsequent dates corresponds to the following pipe outfalls: 4/29 the lowest pipe on the
                                 east side of the Swale, 6/3 the second pipe in on the same side, and 6/21 the catch basin outfall for
                                 road runoff on the west side of the Swale.


                                 A catch basin that receives road runoff and drains into NEII Pond had the highest E. coli levels
                                 (1000 cts/100 ml) INV on 6/21/96. The drainage Swale leading from the UNH agricultural fields
                                 (50R) had low to undetectable bacteria levels but relatively high nutrient levels. In particular,
                                 nitrate was elevated but did not exceed standards set for drinking water. Suspended sediment
                                 levels were high for a number of these samples. At sites 3-OR and 5-OR, in-stream samples were
                                 taken once at each site where the drainage swales discharge (3B-OR on 4/29/96 and 5-OR on
                                 6/21/96), to see if any sources were attenuated after passing through the drainage Swale.
                                 Although very limited data, reduced levels were oberved for nutrients at both sites and bacteria at
                                 site 3B-OR. The in-stream sample on 6/21/96 for 5-OR had higher bacteria levels than previous
                                 samples from the drainage Swale. These levels may relate to other upstream sources or the
                                 intensity of the storm event.
                                                                                   so -                                                                                                                                                                                          0


                                                                                   40                    . .....-          . ......                        - ------- -- --


                                                                                                                                                                                                                I -MF@
                                                                              _j   30----                                                                 - -- - -- - - - - ------ ------------- --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2-MP*
                                                                              E
                                                                              U)                                                                                                                                3-OR
                                                                              U) 20                ----- .. ..........         ........ . .. . .......          .. . ............. . ......... . . ................... ....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                3B-OR
                                                                                   10                          ............ . ............................ .......                          ........... ........ 7R

                                                                                   0 -
                                                                                                 U20%                         4VrZ3W                     4/29M                           65M
                                                                                                                                   sample date



                                                                                   1000




                                                                                   Wo -               - - ----          -- -- ----- ------                        ..... - - - __- .. ...........  ....... . . ...... . ......


                                                                                                                                                                                                                 I-MP
                                                                              C:)  600.                    ..... ...... ..................  ............ .......... . ......... ........... .................. . . ......... ... ............ --------W
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 7 hAp

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3-OR
                                                                              0    400  . .. . ............                                         - - -------- - ___ ------------ -. ...... ......  ........ . . .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3-B
                                                                              Uj
                                                                                                                                                                                                                _5-0R
                                                                                   200  - - -- - ---- --------        ................ . ...................    . . ... ......... -.1 . ........ ...... .... ........
                                                                                     0-
                                                                                                 WOM                   4r23M                  4f29M                  &13M
                                                                                                                                      sample date








   Cq

                      Sampling Sites                                                                            SCALE: 1 inch to 1300 feet
                                                                                                                                                ;;;;i
                                                                                                            0    500 1000           2000          3000
                      Lower Oyster River and Mill Pond                                                                     NNW HAMPSHIRE

                      Durham, New Hampshire


                      Map produced at NH Office of State Planning, September 10, 1996                        NOTE:    indicates catch basin outfall.




                                                                                                                                                                        ...............


          ,A5

                                                                                                                                                                          10
                                (3/20,4/23)
                                                                                                                                                                  2MP
                            5-OR                          0XV
                                                                ter River
                                                                                                                                                                     IMF
                                                                                                            -OR*                                             P*
                                        (6/21)                                                           3
                                                                                        4-OR                                                                      . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                      -13/20)
                                                                                                                                                                  ...... :(4/29)*
                                                                                              3B-OR
                                                                                                                                                                       (q/3)
                                                                                                                                                                        (6/21)
                                                                                                    1.2-OR
                                                                                                                                                                              J
                                                                                                                                                                             C31
                                                                                                                                               1,D/


                                                                                                                                          1-OR::
                                                                                                                                                  V

                                                                                                              K
                              -0
                                        (6/21
















          N
                                                                                                                 N










                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       :28






                                                                                                      0.5



                                                                                                      0.4              . ..... . .... . ...... . .... ... . ....                            . .... .. ... . .....          .... .. ..... . ....


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     I-MP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2-MP*
                                                                                                      E                                                                                                                                              M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     3-OR
                                                                                                      0 0.2            - - ---- - - ---- - - - ----      . .....        . . .... . .... .                                                            3B-OR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     5-OR

                                                                                                      0.1                    . ...... . ....                                                                 .... . . ...... .... . ......
                                                                                                      0                                                                                                                            1 .
                                                                                                                WOM                         V23096                      4MM                      fiaw                      W21M
                                                                                                                                                           sample date



                                                                                                      2.5




                                                                                                      2 -                            . ...... .     . .. . ..... . ...... -.- . . .... . ....... ...... . ... . ........ . .... .. ..... ... ......


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     I-MP
                                                                                                      E 1.5 . . ... .....            .... . . ........ . ......... . ....... . .... . ....  . .... . ... . ....       . . ..... . ...........        M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2-MP
                                                                                                      0                                                                                                                                              3-OR
                                                                                                      z
                                                                                                      +                ... .. . ....... . ......    . . . . ......            . . ...... . . ....  . .... . ..... .. ..... . .. .... . ..... ........
                                                                                                      (V)                                                                                                                                            3B-OR
                                                                                                      0                                                                                                                                              M
                                                                                                      z                                                                                                                                           15-OR
                                                                                                                                     . ..... .. . ........ .. . ..... ....    .. . ...... ....... . ..... . ....... . ....... . . ......
                                                                                                      0-                             i                                                                      . . ......
                                                                                                               MOM                          4/23M                       M29M                     6fJM                     6,21M
                                                                                                                                                          sample date



                                                                                                      2.5 -



                                                                                                      2- - - ------- - -... . ....   ----- . .... . ... . . ......                               . .. ....... .      - -- ----


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     I.MP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2-MP
                                                                                                      E
                                                                                                      C.)                                                                                                                                            3-OR
                                                                                                      M                                                                          . .. .. ....                                                        M
                                                                                                      z                                                                                                                                              3-B

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     S-OR
                                                                                                                           .... . ...... .......... - .. . ............. .i... ........... . . .........  ..................    ............-
                                                                                                      0
                                                                                                               MAW                          Unm                         UDW                      &W                        WIM
                                                                                                                                                            sample date










                                                                                                                    29


              Data for Metals


              The Steering Committee expressed interest in testing for metals. As previously mentioned, metals are
              commonly contained in urban runoff, can be toxic to aquatic life, and have the potential to bioaccumulate
              in the food chain.


              Due to cost and analytical limitations only a small portion of the sampling budget was appropriated for
              metals analysis. Results are compared to state standards which are based on USEPA standards designed
              to protect aquatic organism. DES and USEPA are currently reviewing metals standards and the toxicity
              standards for aquatic life are generally considered to be conservative limits. As well, the analytical
              method used measured total recoverable metals. This would include all metals in a sample including
              forms that may not be available for uptake by aquatic organisms. Although a number of samples
              exceeded conservative standards set for aquatic life, none exceeded limits set for public health.

              Thirty-three samples were collected for metal analysis. Lead was detected in 15 of the 33 samples tested.
              Nine of these exceeded aquatic life standards. The highest level was detected in College Brook on
              6/21/96. Zinc was detected in 16 samples, 14 of which exceeded standards for aquatic life. The highest
              level was detected at a catch basin outfall in Pettee Brook (I-RB on 6/21/96). Copper was detected the
              most of the three metals. Twenty-six samples had detectable levels of copper. The highest level was
              observed in Pettee Brook (2-RB on 6/3/96).








                               *Standard for aquatic life noted                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           30

                                                                             0.06-



                                                                             0.05 -                               . .....                     . ..... .     . . ....      . ......                . .... . ........ .....  . . .....



                                                                             0.04 -                                                             ....... . .... ....   ...... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ...... .. ...... . .... . ....... . ......... . .......... ...... . . ..... . .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4r23M

                                                                             E o-oa      - - ----                                          .... .. ....     . .....                . ... . ..... . ..... . .......... . .... . ..... - ------                                   4/29/96
                                                                             M                                                                                                                                                                                                  M
                                                                             CL                                                                                                                                                                                                 MM
                                                                             0.02        - - ----                               . . ....           ... . ..           . .... . ....                                                     . . .... . ...... . ...... . ....       M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                &21/96



                                                                             0.01        -   -- - - -- ------                                                                      . ... . ....   . .... . ....                      . . . ...... . . ........ . ....



                                                                                         0
                                                                                                                    i-RB"           @-Co*          I-uP*              I-SH         I-OR
                                                                                         -jc                                                                                                      '11?         14-OR!                16                         4-oyi
                                                                                         I            2-SC-'                                                                                                                         I       13=0               I
                                                                                             I-Sc.           I-RB*           3-RB          2-CB-           2-MP-          5-OP              2-OR         3-8           5-OR          13-" 13C-OR
                                                                                                                                                                      sample site



                                                                             0.4-





                                                                             0.3                                                                                                                                                               . . ....         . . .....


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4r23W

                                                                             CD
                                                                             EO.2            - --- - --- - -- - -----           -           . .....                                                                                           . ...... . . ..... ........       CAW
                                                                             a                                                                                                                                                                                                  M
                                                                             N                                                                                                                                                                                                  6/3M
                                                                             0.1                                                                          . ..... ..  . .....-     ... ... . ... . . . ......  . ..... .                           .... . ..... .. ......       6121/96



                                                                                         0                                                                                                                     .       I'll                         1           1
                                                                                         I -JC      iBC-          iRB-           i-CB"          11-MP@                'I -B@       'I -0@         @-O@'        4-OR                  i"@ I@B-OR 14-00
                                                                                             1-BC*           I -RB*       3-RB           2-CB-           2-MP-            5."               2-OR         3-B           5-OR          13-OP 13C-OR
                                                                                                                                                            sample site



                                                                             0.1 -




                                                                             0.08        - - ------ ---                                  --- ---       . .. ............... .. ...          - ---------- --    .... .............. ...... ........ . ..... . ....... . ........... . .......



                                                                  @-J 0.06 -                                                             - - - - ------ - ------      .. . . ........ . ..... .. .... . ........... . ........ . ........... ... . .......... --- .... . . ............. .... . ............. 4MM
                                                                  cm                                                                                                                                                                                                            I         I
                                                                  E                                                                                                                                                                                                             4/2-QM
                                                                  0 0.04                             .. . . ....... .... ........ . . ....... . .......... .. . .. . ....... . . ..................... ... . .. ......... . ..... . ....... ...... . ...... .......... ... ..................... ... WM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                W21M


                                                                             0.02        - - - ------ -------- - -. . .... ........                                       .... . ........ . ......... . .... ......... ....... . ....... . ..... . .... ..........  --.. . .....


                                                                                                                  r
                                                                             0-                                   1 @,=                                                                                                                            M     L
                                                                                         I-ic
                                                                                                 2-BC'          2-RB-           I-CB           I-MP                   I-BH         -OR'           '3-OR'       '4-OR'                110.0@ 1'3"k 14-OP
                                                                                         I-BC*           I-RB*           3-RS          2-CB*           2-MP'          5-OP                  2-OR         3-8           5-OR          13-OP 13C-OR
                                                                                                                                                           sample site











                                                                                                                            31


               CONCLUSIONS


               Recent projects along with this sampling project demonstrate there are nonpoint sources of pollution in
               the watershed. Results suggest the major sources are in the lower part of the watershed, still,
               intermittent and ubiquitous sources in the upper part of the watershed should not be disregarded. In the
               lower part of the watershed, JEL identified septic systems and runoff from urban and agricultural areas
               as potential pollution sources. The site specific data from this study support these conclusions. Runoff
               from a drainage swale leading from UNH poultry barris had very high bacteria levels and contributes to
               the high levels observed in College Brook. Runoff from more urban areas also contributed to pollutant
               loading observed in this study. The lower part of the watershed had higher suspended sediments levels
               and often exceeded the average value for clean surface waters inNH (10mg/L). Somecatchbasins
               sampled contributed to the high suspended sediment values observed and cleaning and maintenance of
               these structures should be reviewed. Other suspected sources of suspended sediments to the river were
               road sand from winter applications and runoff from snow piles placed at the edge of stream banks.
               Erosion at construction sites was observed during sampling. Best marnagement practices to contol these
               sources should be promoted.

               Potential sources from the University campus were a major concern of the Steering Committee.
               Although some of the higher pollutant levels were observed at University locations, other residential and
               commercial areas in the watershed contribute to the overall pollutant loading to the Oyster River.
               Attempts to reduce these existing sources should be considered. In the upper part of the watershed, the
               Lee traffic circle was an area of concern. Pollutant levels at the sample site did not frequently exceed
               acceptable levels, yet the higher suspended sediments and nutrient levels for the area were observed at
               this site. As development continues in this area it will be important to promote key preventative
               measures such as buffer strips and impervious surface limits to prevent the increase of nonpoint pollutant
               loading to the watershed.

               It is interesting how the water quality data relate to some of the public perceptions measured in the
               watershed survey. Survey respondents are aware of some of the nonpoint pollution threats in the
               watershed. Respondents listed septic systems as one of the top contributors to nonpoint pollution in the
               Oyster River Watershed. Stormwater and urban runoff were also recognized as possible sources of
               nonpoint pollution. Other potential threats, such as agricultural activities, house construction activities,
               sediments due to erosion, and winter snow removal, were not perceived as major concerns. Regional and
               project specific data demonstrate these activities are significant sources of nonpoint pollution as well.
               This indicates watershed residents have an incomplete understanding of the nonpoint pollution issues in
               the watershed. These topics should be the focus of public education initiatives using watershed specific
               data for examples.

               There are many regulations in place to prevent future sources but each town has areas where regulations
               could be strengthened. Towns should consider the adoption of performance standards detailed in the
               Stormwater management and Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Urban and Developing Areas
               in NH. Where regulations are in place, maintenance and inspection programs are critical to ensure
               control measures function properly. As well, education and awareness programs can play an important











                                                                                                                  32

              part in correcting existing sources such as faulty septic systems, sediments eroding from construction
              sites, and catch basins lacking maintenance.

              STEERING COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS
              The Steering Committee made the following recommendations:

                     Present project information to watershed towns in a report format. Summarize pertinent
                     points in an executive summary.

                     Areas with the most significant pollution sources should be brought to the attention of an
                     appropriate town or university agent and DES for additional sampling. In particular the .
                     catch basin discharge on Pettee Brook that had high bacteria levels and the drainage swale
                     near the livestock barns on College Brook.

                     Education initiatives should be developed focusing on areas of need, (erosion control,
                     agricultural best management practices, snow removal) and using watershed specific data
                     for examples, coordinating available resources and working within established venues (e.g.
                     distributing information at established town fair days, promoting information segments on
                     radio and in newspapers). Initiatives should also work within schedules of the target
                     audience.


                     Workshop suggestions-promote septic system maintenance with a workshop
                     demonstrating how to inspect your system. (See other suggestions in the survey report).

                     Pursue distribution of septic system information via town halls, welcome wagons, real
                     estate agencies, and banks.

                     Promote regular inspection and maintenance of control structures in place, such as catch
                     basins.


                     Towns should consider the adoption of performance standards detailed in the Stormwater
                     Management and Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Urban and Developing
                     Areas in NH.


                     As developernent continues in the Lee traffic circle area, it will be important to promote
                     key preventative measures such as buffer strips and limits on impervious surfaces to
                     prevent the increase of nonpoint pollution loading to the watershed.










                                                                                                             33


             SOURCES CITED

             Arnold, C. L. and C. J. Gibbons. Impervious Surface Coverage the Emergence of a Key Environmental
             Indicator. APA Journal. Spring 1996, 243-258.

             Chase, V. P. L.S. Deming, F. Latawiec. 1995. Buffers for Wetlands and Surface Waters: A Guidebook
             for New Hampshire Municipalities. Audubon Society of New Hampshire.

             Great Bay Watch. 1995. Annual Report. UNH Cooperative Extension, Durham, New Hampshire.
             UNHUT-V-SG-95-13.


             Hanratty, E., R. A. Robertson, and E. Jansen. 1996. Oyster River Watershed Study: Final Report.
             Department of Resource Economics and Development, University of New Hampshire.

             Rockingham County Conservation District. 1991. Model Subdivision Regulations for Soil-based Lot
             Size.


             Rockingham County Conservation District. 1992. Stormwater Management and Erosion and Sediment
             Control Handbook for Urban and Developing Areas in New Hampshire.

             Jones, S. H. and R. Langan. 1994. Land Use Impacts on Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal New Hampshire
             Watersheds.


             Jones, S. H. and R. Langan. 1993. Oyster River Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment.

             Schueler, T. R. 1991. Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Urbanization on Streams: A Comprehensive
             Strategy for Local Government. Metropolitan Washington Council for Governments.

             Spang, J. 1988. River Watch, A Hanbook for Monitoring Water Quality. Lamprey River Watershed
             Association.


             U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program.
             NTIS P1384-18552. Washington, D.C.

             ADDITIONAL REFERENCES


             For towns that want to pursue any gaps in their regulations in regards to NPS control, the following
             references are helpful for additional information on NPS and techniques to prevent it:

                    A Guide to Controlling Nonpoint Pollution through Municipal Programs. Technical
                    bulletin #11, N.H. Office of State Planning, 1995.

             This technical bulletin focuses on nonpoint sources of special concern to coastal waters. It provides










                                                                                                           34

             guidance on improving the effectiveness of local ordinances and regulations and other municipal.
             programs.


                    Best Management Practices to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution: A Guide for Citizens
                    and Town Officials. NHDES-WSPCD-94-2.


             This guide describes what causes NPS and best management practices (BNws) to prevent it.

                    Local Land Use Management Techniques for Water Resource Protection and Geographic
                    Inventory Procedures. NHOSP, 1992.

             Explains municipal regulatory and non-regulatory measures that can be use to protect water resources.






      W
                     Appendix A
              hecklist for evaluation of municipal ordinances & regulations - Oyster River Watershed) 1/96
          Abbreviations used:                                        MHL-mean highwater line
          BIVIP-best management practicesE&SC-                       PB-planning board
          erosion and sediment controls                              PD soil-poorly drained soil
          GB-Great Bay                                               VPD soil-very poorly drained soil
          LB-Little Bay                                              WL-wetland
                                                                     WWDS-waste water disposal system


              Zoning

                                                                          Durham                        Lee                       Madbury                   Barrington

              lot sizes                                                   10,000-                       21,250-                   20,000-                   80,000ft2 min
                                                                          120,000ft2min                 85,000ft2min              180,000ft2min

              impervious limits                                           20-50%                        1 0%-Aq z                 50%-                      25-75%(related
                                                                                                        25%-SPR                   Neigh./Comm.              to open space
                                                                                                                                                            requir.)

              building setbacks                                           see art. 10
              surface water, wetlands

              agriculture regulated
              erosion1sedim.1soil consv., run-off controYmgmt,
              nutrients,pesticides, grazing,
              State BMP Manual referenced?



              Septic Systems - Zoning and Health
              Ordinance/Regulation

              setbacks from wetlands                                      see WL protec.                see WL protec.            1 00ft. wetland           in industr. park
                                                                                                                                  soils-see WL              1 00'from prime
                                                                                                                                                            WL and 50'all
                                                                                                                                                            other WL

              setbacks from surface water                                 see shoreland                 see shoreland             100'-public
                                                                          protection                    protection                body water,
                                                                                                                                  permanent
                                                                                                                                  stream

              review of Design & construc. application                                                                            cluster regs.-at
                                                                                                                                  choice of PB by
                                                                                                                                  sant. eng.

              inspection of new systems                                   yes                           yes-HO                    yes-town eng.

              annual inspection

              operating guidelines

              inspection, upgrade required for !yInsion, conversion





      0
                  tic
                d ;nn,
              api a
              or
              @setback'











         Site Plan Review Regulations

                                                                           Durham                          Lee                         Madbury                             gton

         minimize disturbance                                              landscaping plan                gen. requir.                gen.requir.-                gen. requir.
         avoid dev? of sensitive areas                                     requir.                                                     approp. buffers
         preserve riparian areas
         site roads etc. to preserve natural drainage features
         limit impervious area,
         limit land disturbance, cut & M

                                                                                                '_XZI.X
         erosion/sediment control (E&SC)                                                                                               cluster-art. v-             yes-sids?
                                                                               .... ..................
         1. ESC plans required pre-
                                                                                             W-1
                                                                                                M                                      plan requir.
          construction?
         2.what size areas?
                                                                                               . ........                              SPR-art vi-
         Ioutside review agency?                                               .............
         4.performance std. (80% rSS)                                                                                                  "measures shall
         5. design stds                                                                                                                be taken"
                                                                                           ...........
         6.guidance manual                                                                       . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

         permanent stormwater treatment                                                                    requir. licensed            runoff-post                 "storm drainage
         I.performance stds (80% rSS, pre-dev? runoff rates)                                               eng. to design              shall not                   shall be
         2. design stds.                                                                                   storm drainage-             exceed pre.                 provided for"
         Iguidance manual                                                                                  no stds. listed             development
                                                                                                           (runoff may not                                         PB may require
                                                                                                           increase off the site                                   performance
                                                                                                           or advers. effect
                                                                                                           abutting props.)                                        bond

         additional studies                                                                                discretion of PB            discretion of PB

         chemical control                                                                                  no disch/dispos.
                                                                                                           toxthaz waste.
                                                                                                           storing-requires plan

         Subdivision Regulations

         minimize disturbance                                              PB-can require                  gen. requir.                10+ lot require             gen requir.
         avoid devY of sensitive areas                                     plan for open                   stripping topsoil           impact                      may requir. troe
         preserve riparian areas                                           space                           not allowed                 statement                   planting
         site roads etc. to preserve natural drainage features
         limit impervious area,                                            PB or approp.                   unless in
         limit land disturbance, cut    rill                               agent inspects                  accord. w/ earth
                                                                           during construct.               removal regs.

                                                                                      ... R-3                                                      -requir.        no guidance manual
                                                                                  00a -               ,    reference state             10+ lots
         erosion/sed. control                                              - Obb"Im"
         1. ESC plans required pre-construction?                                   ...............         requir.                     impact                      mulching requir.
                                                                                                                                                                   selectrn or
         2.what size areas?                                                                                                            evaluation that             apprag e-nt inspect
         Ioutside review agency?                                                                                                       includes                    streets
         4.performance std. (80% rSS)
         5. design stds1guidance manual                                                                                                ersosion

         permanent stormwater treatment                                                                    storm drain                 runoff rates-               plan requir.-no
         performance stds (80% rSS, pre-devT runoff rates)                                                 plans requir,               post shall not              g-man. some
         design stds                                                                                       lisce. eng. calc            exceed pre dev.             stds. listed
         guidance manual
         maint-runs with                                                                                   1 Oyr. storm.

         additional studies                                                                                yes                         yes                         yes
         performance bonds                                                 yes                             yes                                                     yes













          Shoreland Protection

                                                             Durham                  Lee                  Madbury              Barrington

          shorelands protected:                              150'HWM of GB           100' from shore      300'-Bellamy         75'fromshore
            which waters                                     and LB, +tidal sec.     all rivers, Dube     Reservoir            (MHL) any year
            depth of shoreland                               of OyR, Lamp,           Brook,Chesley        I 00'MH L of         round stream
                                                             Follet's Bk, and 75'    Brook, and           BeIR &OyR,           lake or
                                                             all perennial-          Wheelright           50'MHL all           pond>2ac.
                                                             brooks                  Pond(shore=          other brooks
                                                                                     MWL)                 streams,ponds,
                                                                                                          & public water
                                                                                                          supplies,150'
                                                                                                          shoreline or
                                                                                                          upland ext. tidal
                                                                                                          WL adj. LB

          salt storage, junk yards, solid waste              yes                                          prohib. w/in 75'
          prohibited

          land alteration requires E&SC                      (proposed")             no excav. or
                                                                                     filling in zone
                                                                                     unless approv.
                                                                                     by PB

          septic setbacks > 75'                              150'                    no WWDS in
                                                             upgrade requir.         def. zone
    ,owl                                                     upon transf. prop.

          setback for primary structures                     1125775'                no perm or           prohib in protect    setback for
                                                                                     temp buildings       distrs. defined      structures other
                                                                                     in def. zone                              than docks or
                                                                                                                               structures for
                                                                                                                               recr. use of
                                                                                                                               water.

          vegetated buffer - depth                           no ferttherb/pest                            50'-from upland
                                                             within 75'of HWM                             extent of tidal
                                                             1 acess pVdev-max                            WL or edge of
                                                             10% of frontage                              P&VPD soils

          50% tree cutting limit                             no trees >6"DBH         yes 50%(no           yes 50%/20yrs
                                                             50% limit               time limit)

          impervious limits

          non-sewered lot size

          density limit

          agriculture exemption requires BMP's               no animal feedlots                           agr. allow-
                                                             no tilling-75' HWM                           provide does
                                                                                                          not degrade
                                                                                                          surf/ground
                                                                                                            ater or cause
                                                                                                          soil erosion
                                                                                                          W












                                                       Durham                Lee                 Madbury              Barrington

       Wetland Protection                              PD and VPDsoils,      overlay-P&VP        soils id as P        PID &VPD soils
             area defined                              surface waters        drained soils       and VPDrained        & bodies of
                                                                                                                      water.

       septic setbacks                                 75'any WL             125'                100' stated in       must comply
                                                       failed syst.-requir.                      zoning               state regs.
                                                       replace- outside
                                                       zone-unless HO
                                                       det. otherwise

       buffer protection                               75'surf. water or     75'-no structure                         in industr. pai
                                                       VPDsoil               (exception well                          100,
                                                       50'PD soil            or wellhousing,                          from prime
                                                                             R.O.W. or use                            WL,50* all
                                                                             nonconflict)                             others w/50OX)
                                                                                                                      basal area of
                                                                                                                      natural veg. _j

       Aquifer/Groundwater Protection

       overlay district                                yes                   yes

       imperWous limits                                25%                   10%

       land use restrictions                           min. use deieng       list prohib. uses
                                                       agents
                                                       list prohib. uses


       larger lots                                     hydrogeol study
                                                       required for dev.
                                                       10+ lots-stds listed.

       Hazardous Materials                             junkyards
                                                       prohibited-all
       storage regulated                               districts
       UST's regulated
       household hazmat

       Roads, Parking Lots                             requir. proper
       deicing chemicals                               drainage offstreet
       maintenance of stormwater structures            parking-town
                                                       maintains struct. in
                                                       r.o.w -prop. owner
                                                       maint. extensions
                                                       lots>5-min 5%
                                                       landscapped

       erosion & sediment controls                                           dust controls       prevention
                                                                                                 requir.-no stds.
                                                                                                 listed

       exposure limit/phasing                                                yes
                                                                                                                                   I@S











        reclamation requirements                                        incremental          -planting
                                                                                          yes
                                                                        requirements      plan requir.,
                                                                        stds. for         slope stds.
                                                                        seeding,debris

        equip. maintenance restricted on-site


                                                        ..... . ..          os.
                                                                        24 m              lyr.-all oper. in
        permit time limit                               ...........
                                                                                          e)dst. must
                                                                                          comply time of
                                                                                          renewal

        Miscellaneous                              landsc. article-plan
                                                   required all
        pooper scooper law                         commercial and
        tu management                              commercial resid.
        cluster dev                                guid. std. and bond
                                                   requir.   -       I                 I
      (1)- Stormwater Management and Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Urban and Developing Areas in New
      Hampshire, 1992, Rockingham County Conservation District,






              APPENDIX B                                                                                                      0
              Water quality parameters measured and state standards
              Bacteria are measured as indicators of human and animal wastes and possible disease causing
              pathogens. Stormwater runoff is frequently contaminated with bacteria from animal wastes and
              failed septic systems. The National Urban Runoff Program study found urban runoff typically
              contains fecal coliform densities greater than 10,000 organism per 100 milliliters (U.S. EPA,
              1983).

              Fecal coliform is the State standard indicator for classifying shellfish waters. This is one
              parameter of many for classifying shellfish waters and would apply to tidal water. JEL and GBW
              measured fecal coliforms.


              State standards
                                   approved (for shelffishing)       restricted              prohibited
                                      *mean <14/100 ml                  mean<88/100 ml          mean>88/100 ml
              (*mean of at least 30 samples for newly classified waters, 15 samples for reclassification)

              E. coli is a particular species of fecal coliform that is specific to fecal material from humans and
              other warm blooded animals and is the State standard indicator for freshwater. Units used are
              number of coliform colonies counted/ 100 milliliters of sample water(ml)
              State standards                         NsMIelinift gggmean of 3 smples/60 days
                              class A waters          153/100ml      47/100m].
                              class B waters          406/100ml      126/100 ml
                              designated beach        88/100ml        47/100m]

              Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen and pH
              These are the parameters that are measured in the field. Extreme values can be quick indicators
              of pollution problems.

              Temperature-Runoff from paved areas can increase stream temperatures. Temperature can affect
              other water quality characteristics such as dissolved oxygen. The state standard is "no increase
              that would appreciably interfere with the designated uses".

              Specific Conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electric cuffent and is an
              indicator of the dissolved ionic matter present in water. Mgh conductivity measurements may
              indicate pollution sources such as salt or nutrients from runoff. The unit of measure is micromhos
              ( pmhos). There is no state standard for conductivity but most clean surface waters of New
              England have very low conductivity levels (Spang, 1988).

              Dissolved Oxygen -Dissolved oxygen (DO) in water is required to support aquatic life.
              Stormwater runoff with high levels of organic matter can consume oxygen as it decays. The state
              standard is not less than 75% saturation or generally not less than 6.0 mg/L. Low DO is stressful









              to aquatic life.

              pH- This is a measure of the acidity of water. The pH scale ranges from I to 14, seven being
              neutral with values below this indicating increasingly acidic conditions and values above indicating
              more basic conditions. Extreme values or changes may indicate biological activity or pollution
              sources. The state standard for class B waters is 6.5 to 8.0 or as naturally occurs.

              Total Suspended Solids (TSS)- This is a measure of fine materials suspended in the water
              column. High levels of suspended sediments can reduce light penetration and may have attached
              nutrients and other adsorbed pollutants that affect stream life. Hgh levels may indicate erosion
              or runoff problems. An average value for unpolluted surface waters in the Northeast is 10 mg/L.

              Percent Organic Matter (% Org)-is the percentage of the TSS that is organic matter. In
              general, percent organic matter may be high but the overall amount of TSS is low. I-Iigh TSS
              I e*vels that are mostly organic matter (therefore the % organic matter is high), may indicate excess
              nutrient sources are stimulating algal growth.


              Nutrients
              Phosphorus and nitrogen are important plant and animal nutrients and generally found at very
              low concentrations in streams. Nutrients may enter streams from leaking septic systems, runoff
              from agricultural areas or fertilized lawns, or via sediments from eroding areas. Increased nutrient
              levels can stimulate algal production and are toxic to aquatic life at very high levels.

              The state standard for phosphorus is "no phosporus in such concentrations that would impair any
              usage assigned to the specific class involved, unless naturally occuring". Naturally occuring levels
              of phosphorous in NH rivers are generally less than .03 5mg/L (NHDES, 1993). The state
              standard for nitrate is not to exceed 10 mg/L, based on protection of human health. In general
              unpolluted, well oxygenated surface water concentrations are less than I mg/L. USEPA also sets
              the drinking water standard at 10mg/L. The state standard for ammonia in freshwaters is 29
              mg/L, based on acute toxicity for aquatic life. Levels for unpolluted surface waters are generally
              less than 0.1 mg/L.



              Metals
              Metals are a concern because they are commonly contained in urban runoff. The Nationwide
              Urban Runoff Program (EPA 1983) found elevated levels of Cu, Pb, Zn in at least 9 1 % of the
              sample collected. Metals may be toxic to aquatic life and have the potential to bioaccumulate in
              the food chain.
              The state uses the following USEPA acute toxicity standards designed to protect aquatic
              organisms. (DES and EPA are reviewing metals standards.)

              Copper (Cu)            0.0048 mg/L
              Zinc (Zn)              0.036 mg/L
              Lead (Pb)              0.0139 mg/L








     APPENDIX C
     *note- id- indicates no detect. bl        nks indic       no sample
     LAB TES S
                   Tot. P                                                                 NH3-N                                                                  N03+NO2-N                                                              E. coil
     site          3/20/98 4/23/96             4/29/96 6/3/96               6/21/96       3120/96       4/23/96       4/29/96        613/96       6/21/96        3/20/96       4/23/96        4/29/96 613/96              6121/96       3/20/96       4/23/96        4/29/96       6/3/96        -21/
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 6/ 96
     Wc                 0.336         0.037         0.031                                          0.1  <A            nd                                                 0.27         0.16           0.12                                         30            70            10
     I-BC               0.204         0.041                           0.26          0.168          0.1          0.241                         0.4                0.4 1   0.55         0.72                           0.46         0.621         190            1901                <10                   330
     2-13C              0.047           0.04,       0.018          0.489                  <.I           nd            Ind                     0.4                        0.22         0.151          0.06            0.28               1         90           2701 <10                    1150
     I-RB          -0.082             0.101         0.251          0.048            0.471          0.2          0.22            0.5           0.1          0.74          0.48         0.92           0.52            1.03         0.79          130           19201         2780           260           4100
     2-RB               0.054         0.0561        0.281          0.189            0.051          0.3  nd                                    0.3                0.5     0.44         0.55           1.57            0.82         0.65            so            SOT<10                     4100          480
     3-RB               0.033                  1    0.057          0.029                           0.2                          0.2  nd                                  0.35                        0.36            0.26                         30                 1       440           430
     I-CB               0.201         0.0291        0.326                           0.246          0.5  nd                      0.7                              0.3     0.66         0.08           1.52                         1.04          370             701         1426                      1ï¿½666
     2-CB               0.156                         0.04                          0.101          0.5                nd                                         0.3     0.73                        0.75                         0.91          360                           10                      11400
     I-MP               0.072                       0.197          0.299            0.424          0.2                          0.5           1.5                1       0.61                        0.71            0.4          0.65          -20                           10           200           1000
     2-MP                                           0.027                                                             Ind                                                                            0.35                                                                     10                 1
     I-BH               --6.03          0.05        0.024                           0.069 <A            nd            nd                                         0.11    0.25         0.14           0.18                         0.51            20            401          350                         730
     5-Oys              0.078         0.026         0.021          0.041                           0.1  nd            nd             nd                                  0.4          0.17           0.13            0.17                         50           AQ             20             40
     I-OR               0.051         0.021.        0.019          0.033                           0.1  nd            nd             nd                                  0.36         0.14           0.14            0.24               <10                    130            80             60
     2-OR               0.084         0.027           0.02                          0.036          0.1  nd            nd                          nd                     0.36         0.14           0.14                         0.36            60           130            10                         240
     3-OR               0.038                       0.122                                        2.15                           0.4                                      2.02                        1.38                                         30                         200
     3-B                                              0.03                                                            nd                                                                             0.36                                                                     50
     4-OR               _F1 1         0.025         0.019                                          0.1  nd            nd                                                 0.36,        0.14           0.14                               1<10                   100            40
     5-OR               0.333         0.118                                         0.064          0.1  nd                                        nd                     2.21         2.04                                        0.551<10                      90                                       520
     10-OR              0.025         0.012                                               <A            nd                                                               0.13  nd                                                                 10            30
     13-Oys             0.016         0.0051                                              <A            nd                                                               0.09  nd                                                       <10           <10
     13B-OR             0.021         0.0161        0.036          0.053                           0.1          0.14            0.2           0.4                        0.21         0.14           0.14            0.14               <10           <10                     10             20
     13C-OR                                                        0.031                                                             nd                                                                     nd                                                                             130
     14-Ovs             --6.07        0.024 --                                            <.1l          nd                                                             -0.08   nd                                                                 60  <10                                        -


                   TSS                                                      %ora                                                     Pb                                                       Zn                                                      Cu
     site          3/20196 4/23196             4/29/96 6/3196               3/20/96       4/23196       4/29/96 613196               4/23/96      4/29/96        6/3196        6/21/96        4/23/96 4/29/96             613/96        6/21/96       4/23/96        4/29/96       6/3196        &21/96
     1 -ic                                     9      7.56                          14.25      20.83         20.59
     I-BC                43.5           14.5                          142           14.94      13.79                       21.13     nd                          nd                0.0043          0.025                  nd                 0.079    nd                               0.0041         0.016
     2-BC               iO.67 -9.1                      2.6           144           17.5       16.48         46.15         18.06                                    0.0207                                                        0.09,                                                 0.028
     I-RB               24.33           8.11        84.33             5.12          10.96 -20.55             23.32         34.15        0.0038          0.028                      0.0213          0.047         0.248                       0,357         0.0071         0.034                       0.044
                                                            T- 42                   10.87      15.38
      R -B                   46         iK-s ---87.8-3                                                       11.76         20.24     nd                 0,013       0.0161     nd             nd                 0.086          0.052   nd                0.00491           0.01        0.096,        0.019
     3-RB                     8           21          32.6            4.75          15.63      17.46         12.88         28.95                                 nd                                                       nd                                                       nd
     I-CB               57.33           8.44        43.67                           12.79      22.37         20.61                        0.006                                      0.0591        0.044                                     0.141         0.007                                      0.@
     2-CB                36.8           8.67            7.3                         11.961         25        19.18                                                                    0.021                                                                                                           0.014
     I-MP               19.71                       46.17             27            12.321                   23.47         40.74                        0.0151      0.0199         0.02181                       0.122            0.13       0.338                        0.017         0.047         0.043
     2-MP                                               8.6                               1                                                             0.0041                                1             nd                                                           0.0027
     I-BH               -i.57 -3.14                     2.8                         21.741     45.45         35.71.                                              1             nd                                                       nd                                                            0.0028
     5-Qys         -16.77               5.83            3.8           3.67          13.761     22.86         26.321             50   nd           nd             nd                                0.011    nd            nd                          nd             1 0.0029      nd
     1 -OR              22.57           6.78            3.8           3.67          10.76      22.95         28.951        31.82                                 nd                                                       nd                                                            0.009
     2-OR               23.17             5.8           3.9                         12.23      24.14         30.771                                                            nd                                                       nd                                                            0.0048
     5ZR                 5.75                       31.33                           23.91                    20.21                                      0.008                                                    0.048                                                    0.039
     -i:B-                                            9.33                                                   19.64                                nd                                                        nd                                                            0.006
     ,i:OR               31.4           5.56.         3.67                          13.38          24        24.24
     5-OR                    36         13.51                                       12.7.      18.52
     T6:&R         -37-35                 4.91                                      6.33       22.45
                                                                          @
                                                                                    13
                                                                                    10
                                                                                    12
                                                                                    J'j




     13-Op               0.75             1.1                                       66.67      81.82
                                                                                               54.551        43.75,        40.82 nd                                                           nd            nd                    0.04               Ind
     13B-OR             -T25              4.4       10.67          16.33            46.15                                                         r@d                                                                                                                1 0.0041 r:@O@
     -t3C-OR                                                          3.4                                                  58.82 ND                              nd                           nd                          nd                         Ind             1                  0.
     14-Oys_L_                            0.8           -                                        87.51                1              nd                                                       nd                                                                     I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Ind

                                                                                                                                                      0










                  Ha@dness
      site        4/23/96       4/29/96 16/3/96           6121/96
      1 -ic                                  I
      I -BC              58.8                         85.2         9.73
      2-13C                                           20.9
      I-RB            _T6. -1            10.3-                     12.9
      2-RB               48.6            99.4         79.1         249
      3-RB                                            56.4
      1-CB            -@A                                          46.4
      2-CB                                                         257
      1-MP                               18.41        30.4         16.3
      2-MP                               1541                           1                                       1                          1
      I-BH                                                         101
      5-Oys              27.5            30           42.7
      I-OR                                            38.1
      2-OR                                                         49.3
      3-OR                               58
      3-B                                41.2
      4-OR
      5-OR
      10-OR
      13-Ovs
      13B-OR             14.8            16.5         24.7
      13C-OR             12.9                         16.8
      14-Oys             5.69


      FIELD TESTS
                  pH                                                                 temp                                                               DO                                                                 Cond
      site        3/20/96       4/23/96      4/29/96      6/3/96        6121/96      3/20196       4/23196 4/29/96 613/96                  6121/96       3/20/96      4/23t96      4/29/96 6/3/96             6/21/96       3/20/96      4/23196      4/29/96       6/3/96       6121/96
      I-ic               7.47            7.12         7.26                                    2.2         15.5          9.7                                    13.2            8.5        11.2                                     105          195           345
      I-BC               7.15            7.12                      6.33        6.411          2.9         13.7                       16.5         18.4.        13.4             9                        6.2          8.8           80          210                        400             70
      2-13C              7.31            7.43         7.6          6.4                           2        14.7         10.8          20.7                         13           8.8        11.2           8.2                        75          195           220          155
      I-RB                 6.9           6.92         6.51         7.26          5.9          2.7         13.3         11.3          16.7         19.4         12.8             91        10.2           8.5          8.2          170          210            50          380             65,
      2-RB               6.84            7.12         6.44         7.01        6.92              3        14.1            11         18.6         16.1         11.3            8.6             9         7.4            6          1601         210           305          290 _600
      3-RB               6.73            7.02         6.89         7.05                       2.5         15.7         11.4          18.4                      11.6            8.4         9.9           6.8                       145          115           125          245              -
      I-CB               7.33            7.25         6.76                                    2.8         12.7          9.3                                    12.8            9.2        10.2                                     180          350           330
      2-CB                      7        7.16         6.97                                    2.7         12.2          9.2                                    13.8            9.2           10                                    185          330           405
      I-MP               6.92                         6.47         6.45              1        3.8                      12.7          19.5                         12                                        8                      410                         so          190
      2-MP                                   1        7.02                                                              9.6                                                                9.8                                                                450
      1-BH               7.47            6.541        6.82                                    2.2         14.1         11.2                                    11.41           7.7         9.6                                      80          130           145
      5-00               7.54            6.71         6.98         6.94                       2.2            14,       11.3          19.1                         13           8.8         9.9           7.4                       100          115           110          170
      1 -OR                7.2           7.151        7.44         7.09                       2.3         14.5            11         17.9                      13.4            8.9        10.2           7.8                       .70            95          100            95
      2-OR               7.18            7.181        7.18                                       2        14.3         11.1                                    13.2             9         10.4                                      65          100           100
      3-OR               6.99                         6.75                                    6.5                      11.2                                    11.4                       10.2                                     600                        220
      3-B
      4-OR               7.31            6.99             7                                   1.6            16           11                                   14.6            8.31       10.6                                                  105,           95
      5-OR               6.85            6.73                                                 2.4         15.1                                                    12           9.61                                                115          295
      10-OR              7.09            6.79                                                 1.7            151                                               13.6             8                                                   45            75
      13-Oys      -      6.96            6.43                                                 2.2         18.3                                                 12.2            6.7                                                  45            75
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                K21






      -13B-OR            6.591           6.11         6.261        66.3                       2.7         17.6         10.7          18.8                      12.6            7.4         9.61             6                                   265           260          380
      13C-OR                    1        6.241                     .23                                    19.4                       183                                                        1        5.9                                      so                       120
      14-Oys      _-5-.89T               5.51                                                                                                                  132             7.8                                                                45










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