[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]






                                   Alaska Coastal
                                Clean Water Plan











                                        Public Review Draft
                                         Executive Summary


                                                August 1995

                                   Alaska Coastal Management Program and
                                  Department of Environmental Conservation

          TD
          424.8
          .A43
          1995



Preparation on this plan was funded by the State of Alaska and by grant NA47OZO226 from
the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management.
                             






                        U- r-:3   C-
                                                         7, L@
                                                                                                                     TONY KNOWLES, GOVERNOR


                                                                                o

                                    OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR

                                              OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
                                     DIVISION OF GOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION

            17 SOUTHCENTRAL REGIONAL OFFICE                        CENTRAL OFFICE                           0 PIPELINECOORINQATOR'SOFFICE
                 3601 -C- STREET, SUITE 370                        P.O. BOX 110030                               4 11 WEST 4 TH A VENUE, SUITE 2C
                 ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99503-5930                      JUNEAU, ALASKA 99811-0030                     ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501-2343
                 PH. (907) 269-74701FAX.- (907) 561-6134           PH. (907) 465-35621FAX' (907) 465-3075        PH. (907) 271-43361FAX. (907) 272-0690


                                                                                                          August 15 1995

                   Greetings,

                   Enclosed for your review and comment is the Coastal Clean Water Plan Public Review Draft
                   Executive Summary. The Executive Summary outlines Alaska's approach for reducing
                   nonpoint source pollution from forestry, urban and community development, marinas and
                   harbors, dams, modified channels and erosion control structures. The plan also addresses the
                   restoration and protection of wetlands.

                   The Coastal Clean Water Plan is Alaska's response to Section 6217 of the federal Coastal
                   Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments. Coastal states must submit plans for reducing
                   nonpoint source pollution along their coastlines, which nationally is the largest remaining
                   water quality problem.

                   You can comment on the plan by submitting written comments. Please give your ideas or
                   suggested wording that can be considered for inclusionin the final plan. A comment sheet is
                   attached for your convenience. Make sure you indicate the page number and line number on
                   the enclosed comment sheet. You may add more sheets as necessary.

                   Comments must be postmarked by September 15, 1995 to receive full consideration. Send
                   your comments to:


                                                                 Coastal Clean Water Plan
                                                       Division of Governmental Coordination
                                                                       PO Box 110030
                                                                 Juneau, AK 99811-0030
                                                                    907-465-3562 phone
                                                                      907-465-3075 fax
                                                              susan-brook%[email protected]














           01-A35LI4








                                                  COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN.
                                                       EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
                                                             Comment Form


             Name/Affiliation:


             Address:


               Page     Line                                             Comment








                                                       EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


                                                                          CONTENTS



                Chapter I   Introduction  .....................................          I

                Chapter 2   Public Participation and Technical Assistance    ..........  2

                Chapter 3   Administrative Coordination   .........................      3

                Chapter 4   Management Area      ................................        4

                Chapter 6   Forestry   ........................................          4

                Chapter 6   Urban and Community Development        ..................    6

                Chapter 7   Harbors and Marinas     .............................       13

                Chapter 8   Hydromodification    ...............................        18

                Chapter 9   Wetlands, Riparian Areas, Vegetated Treatment Systems . 19

                Chapter 10  Agriculture  .....................................          21

                Chapter 11  Additional Management Measures      ...................     22

                Chapter 12  Monitoring   .....................................          23

                Attachment I Management Measure Summary         ...................     26








                                                      EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


        Chapter I INTRODUCTION


   I    The Coastal Clean Water Plan is Alaska's response to Section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act
   2    Reauthorization Amendments of 1990. Congress created Section 6217, titled "Protecting
   3    Coastal Waters," to help address nonpoint source pollution problems nationwide. Examples of
   4    nonpoint source pollution are failing septic tanks and leachfields oozing to the surface, runoff
   5    and snowmelt carrying oil and grease into streams and poorly constructed logging roads
   6    creating sediment.

   7    Section 6217 requires states such as Alaska, with coastal zone management programs, to
   8    develop "coastal nonpoint pollution control programs." Congress did not expect states to
   9    develop new, stand-alone, nonpoint pollution programs. Rather, the coastal nonpoint pollution
   0    programs are to strengthen and build upon existing state and local expertise and authority.

   I    Section 6217 has two major components. The foundation of the first component are
   2    44management measures" or objectives that coastal states must implement. There are about 55
   3    management measures that address nonpoint pollution from agriculture, forestry, urban
   4    development, marinas and hydromodification and the protection and restoration of wetlands
   5    and riparian areas. The measures are listed in the 1993 EPA Guidance Specifting
   6    Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters.

   7    State's can develop alternatives if the EPA measures are not economically achievable or the
   8    pollution sources they address do not exist. Alaska analyzed the EPA management measures
   9    and determined that the New Development measure in the urban section is not achievable.
   0    Therefore, the state will develop an alternative measure that is practical and affordable. In
   I    addition, the state determined that agriculture in the coastal region was not a significant
   2    source of nonpoint pollution and therefore will not be including the agriculture management
   3    measures in its program.

   4    The second major component of Section 6217 focuses on restoring degraded waters. State's
   ,5   must develop additional management measures where existing nonpoint pollution controls or
   ,6   the general management measures mentioned above are not adequate to restore water quality.

   3    State's will implement the management measures through regulatory programs or by voluntary
        programs backed up by enforceable authorities.

   ,9   Timeline for development and implementation of coastal nonpoint pollution programs is
   0    provided below:

   I    mid-1995                 Coastal state's submit programs to NOAA and EPA.


                                                               Executive Summary, page 1


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               COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                         August 1995


         1     early 1996                NOAA and EPA review state's programs and grant either full
         2                               approval or conditional approval. Conditional approval is
         3                               granted if state's programs need additional time to develop
         4                               incomplete elements or to demonstrate that existing authorities
         5                               are adequate to implement the measures. Alaska expects to
         6                               receive conditional approval.

         7     1999                      NOAA and EPA evaluate the progress of coastal states that
         8                               received conditional approval towards achieving widespread
         9                               implementation of management measures.

        10     2001                      Penalties of up to 30% reduction in funding to the Alaska
        11                               Coastal Management Program and the Department of
        12                               Environmental Conservation's Section 319 Nonpoint Pollution
        13                               Control Program are applied if the state does not have a full
        14                               approval.

        15     2004                      Implementation of all general management measures must be
        16                               complete.

        17     2009                      Implementation of additional measures where necessary to meet
        18                               water quality standards must be complete.


        19     Chapter 2 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

        20     The goals for the Coastal Clean Water Plan Public Participation component are to:
        21     1) increase the public's awareness and understanding that clean water is in their best interest;
        22     2) increase the public's awareness and understanding of nonpoint source pollution--what it is,
        23     what its impacts are, how we all contribute to it; 3) improve dialog between governments and
        24     individuals, groups, industries and businesses in order to reach mutually acceptable goals and
        25     to find mutually acceptable solutions; and 4) work with the Section 319 Nonpoint Source
        26     Pollution Control Program to develop an overall public involvement and technical assistance
        27     program.

        28     The goal for the Technical Assistance component is to help people solve problems by funding
        29     research, demonstration projects, databases, guidance manuals, training and other tools as
        30     appropriate.

        31     These goals will be reached by 1) convening a meeting, or series of meetings, with state and
        32     federal resource agencies, educators, non-profit groups, Extension Service, native


               Executive Summary, page 2









            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                   August 1995

     1      organizations, Water Watch groups and others to discuss strategies for education, public
     2      involvement and technical assistance. To avoid the "ready, fire, aim" syndrome, the meetings
     3      will take place after the Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution needs assessment has been
     4      completed in August 1996; 2) continuing to fund the Coastal Clean Water grant program for
     5      coastal districts; and 3) developing annual Coastal Clean Water Plan public involvement,
     6      education and technical assistance workplans until the overall nonpoint source pollution
     7      strategy is finalized. Workplans should be completed by October of each year. The plan will
     8      use communication techniques that coastal district surveys determined were the most effective,
     9      and will tackle the most pervasive coastal pollution sources.

     0      There are many different forums that the public has used to help shape the Coastal Clean
     I      Water Plan, including task forces, formal public review periods, mail-outs and publically
     2      noticed meetings. In addition, technical assistance has been provided to help affected users
     3      and local governments.


     4      Chapter 3 ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATION

     5      The Coastal Clean Water Plan will reach its goals of protecting and restoring coastal waters
     6      by building upon and strengthening existing programs. The challenges for the Coastal Clean
     -7     Water Plan, therefore, will be to gain the cooperation of stakeholders, identify areas of mutual
     @8     concern and coordinate activities.


     @9     One of the primary mechanisms the state will use to improve interagency coordination and
     )0     identify common goals and solutions is to complete a statewide nonpoint source pollution
     21     needs assessment and action plan during the next 18 months.

     22     Planning should be within an institutional and policy framework designed to compel the
     23     interagency and intergovernmental cooperation and coordination necessary to achieve planning
     24     objectives (Council of State Governments, 1982). The Alaska Coastal Management Program
     25     provides that framework within the coastal zone. Because the ACMP is a networked
     26     program, projects in the coastal zone that are either a direct federal action, require a federal
     27     permit or require a state approval are reviewed jointly by the departments of Fish and Game,
     28     Environmental Conservation and Natural Resources and all affected coastal districts.

     29     In addition, AS 46.40.200 requires state departments, boards and commissions to review their
     30     statutory authorities, regulations and procedures and take whatever action is necessary to
     31     facilitate full compliance with and implementation of the Alaska Coastal Management
     32     Program.

     33     The Coastal Clean Water Plan helps every coastal district that is revising its enforceable
     34     policies to incorporate nonpoint source pollution controls into its program. Once the Coastal


                                                                             Executive Summary, page 3


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                  COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                      August 1995

           1      Clean Water Plan is approved, the Division of Governmental Coordination, in conjunction
           2      with the ACMP Working Group, ï¿½6217 Task Force and others will prepare a guidance
           3      manual of model enforceable policies.

           4      Further discussions of interagency coordination mechanisms for specific pollution sources are
           5      found in the appropriate chapters.


           6      Chapter 4 MANAGEMENT AREA

           7      The Coastal Clean Water Plan applies within the State's coastal zone, as established by the
           8      Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP). Alaska's coastal zone encompasses nonpoint
           9      pollution sources that may have a significant impact on both coastal waters (waters adjacent to
         10       the shoreline which contain measurable quantities of seawater) and coastal resources (e.g.,
         11       anadromous fish). This is a much broader geographic area than required by ï¿½6217(e), which
         12       only requires a management area large enough to protect coastal waters.

         13       A survey of the 35 coastal district management plans and interviews with state agency staff
         14       and coastal district coordinators indicates that there are few uses and activities outside the
         15       coastal zone that have, or are likely to have, significant impacts on coastal waters. The major
         16       exception to this statement is the Municipality of Anchorage. However, all discharges within
         17       the municipality are covered under their National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
         18       Storm Water Discharge application.



         19       Chapter 5 FORESTRY

         20       The Forest Resources and Practices Act and regulations cited in this plan constitute Alaska's
         21       Coastal Clean Water Plan for Forestry. The FPA regulations in their entirety, in conjunction
         22       with additional non-regulatory components, constitute Alaska's Section 319 Nonpoint Source
         23       Pollution Control requirements for activities subject to the FPA (I I AAC 95.185(h))

         24       The goals of the Coastal Clean Water Plan for Forestry are for all timber harvest operations in
         25       the coastal zone to meet the State's Water Quality Standards and fully maintain and protect
         26       designated uses of State waters, and to obtain 95 percent operator compliance with all applicable
         27       requirements of the Forest Resources and Practices Act (FPA) and regulations.

         28       The Action Plan for achieving the goals are to: 1) Review all detailed plans-of-operations
         29       submitted to the Department of Natural Resources within the timeframes provided by FPA.
         30       2) Maintain a high number of routine inspections for compliance with FPA. 3) Develop and
         31       conduct a BMP implementation monitoring program. 4) Conduct and participate in


                  Executive Summary, page 4









            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                         August 1996

      1     comprehensive water quality monitoring projects to demonstrate BMP effectiveness in meeting
      2     Water Quality Standards. 5) Complete all forestry tasks cor-ained in Alaska's 1990 Section
      3     319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Strategy, and 6) Conduct operator and agency
      4     training sessions to inforin new operators and agency staff of FPA requirements and findings
      5     from BMP implementation and effectiveness monitoring studies.

      6     Budgetary and technical constraints may inhibit the State from achieving the goals and
      7     objectives of this plan. In addition, Alaska's young geology, extreme weather conditions and
      8     highly variable hydrology make it dffficult to separate the effects of forest practices from natural
      9     conditions. Developing monitoring parameters and protocols and methods for determining
            change (or the amount of change) that can be attributed to harvest activity is a challenge.

      I     The Coastal Clean Water Plan for Forestry is applicable to commercial forestry activities in the
      2     coastal zone on private, state and other public forest lands that intersect, encompass or border on
      3     surface waters or riparian areas, or that occur on at least 10 acres in Region 1, 40 acres in Region
      4     H or 40 acres in Region III if the owner owns more than 160 acres.

      5     AS 41.17. 100, Deployment of Broadcast Chemicals and I I AAC 95.3 90 Site Preparation, are
      6     included in the ï¿½319 program but excluded from the Coastal Clean Water Plan. Forest chemicals
      7     and mechanical site preparation are of such minor duration and consequence in Alaska's coastal
      8     regions that they are not currently or potentially significant sources of nonpoint pollution.

      @9    The lead agency responsible for the implementation and enforcement of Alaska@s Forest
      !0    Resources and Practices Act is the Department of Natural Resources. The departments of
      21    Environmental Conservation (DEC) and Fish and Game (ADF&G) are each assigned roles in
      22    administration of the FPA. As the lead agency on water quality matters, DEC is responsible
      23    for assuring that the FPA achieves Alaska's Water Quality Standards under Title 18. The
      M     Department of Fish and Game has authority under Title 16 to regulate activities in resident
      25    and anadromous fish-bearing streams which is recognized by FPA but administered
      26    independently of it.

      27    The FPA requires federal land management plans, guidelines and standards to provide no less
      28    resource protection than the standards for state land (AS 41.17.900(b)(1)). The Department
      29    of Natural Resources and the Department of Environmental Conservation are in the process of
      30    certifying the Forest Service's guidelines and standards. Final approval of this certification is
      31    pending on minor clarification and reorganization of the Forest Service's existing rules.

      32    The State is excluding three EPA management measures from its Coastal Clean Water Plan:
      33    Site Preparation and Forest Regeneration, Fire Management and Forest Chemical
      34    Management. These sources of nonpoint pollution are of minor duration and consequence in
      35    Alaska's coastal regions. All other EPA management measures are applicable and suitable for
      36    Alaska. The Forest Resources and Practices Act and regulations meet or exceed the federal

                                                                                  Executive Summary, page 5


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                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                 August 1995

           1     requirements outlined in the management measures. Attachment I lists the applicable EPA
           2     management measures for forestry and the state authorities that meet them.


           3     Chapter 6 URBAN AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

           4     The overarching goal of the Coastal Clean Water Plan for Urban/Community Development is to
           5     ensure that State Water Quality Standards are met within all coastal waterbodies affected by
           6     urban/community development. To achieve this, the following steps will be taken:

           7     1)     Identify Alaska-specific Best Management Practices (BMP's) that address urban sources
           8            of nonpoint pollution.

           9     2)     Prepare an urban BMP implementation manual.

        10       3)     Prepare a comprehensive urban BMP monitoring strategy.

        11       4)     Implement the urban BMP monitoring program.

        12       5)     Develop recommendations for changing existing regulatory and non-regulatory programs
        13              to further the goals of the Coastal Clean Water Plan.

        14       6)     Develop a performance objective (management measure) for stormwater runoff from new
        15              development.

        16       7)     Improve communication and administrative coordination between local state and federal
        17              government agencies and the public. One of the mechanisms Will be the creation of an
        18              inter-agency Urban Watershed Working Group.

        19       8)     Work with local governments to establish ordinances which address nonpoint source
        20              pollution.

        21       9)     Initiate a public awareness campaign to inform the public of the effects of urban nonpoint
        22              source pollution and practical ways for citizens to reduce nonpoint impacts to aquatic
        23              resources and water quality.

        24       10)    Where appropriate, evaluate and manage nonpoint source pollution impacts on a
        25              watershed protection basis.

        26       11)    Redefine the State's approach to urban nonpoint source pollution control through
        27              participating in the upcoming nonpoint source needs assessment and strategy revision.


                 Executive Summary, page 6









           COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                      August 1995

                  The upcoming nonpoint source pollution needs assessment and strategy revision will
                  update and expand the 1990 Section 319 Nonpoint Pollution Control strategy, and will
    3             integrate the Coastal Clean Water Plan and Section 319 into one coordinated nonpoint
                  source pollution control program.

           Constraints to achieving the objectives of the Coastal Clean Water Plan for Urban/Community
           Development include: lack of industry, government and public awareness of the impacts of
    7      their activities on water quality; lack of fimding, lack of data and unresolved legal and
    I      enforcement issues. Lack of understanding of the need for erosion and sediment control
           magnifies the difficulty of convincing municipalities to adopt and enforce appropriate BNIP's.
           Anchorage is drafting a BNIP manual, and its eventual acceptance would be most helpful in
    I      this regard.

    2      The I I objectives outlined above are designed to overcome the constraints. Lack of funding or
    3      data should not be insurmountable barriers. There are many erosion and sediment control BNIP
    4      manuals available for reference and many BNIP's are fairly standardized. The challenge will be
    5      to modify the BNIP's if needed to make them effective under Alaskan conditions. BNT' s will be
    5      modified as the state, cities and developers gain experience with them.

    7      There are 154 organized municipalities in the State of Alaska, of which 129 are located within
    3      the coastal zone. Coastal Alaska has four distinct ecoregions -- Tundra, Alaska Range, Pacific
    9      Forest and Aleutian Island -- each of which has a unique pattern of urban and community
    J      development. Tundra communities are typically scattered on the banks of wide rivers that
    I      frequently flood, or along the open ocean coast. The ground surface is usually frozen from
    2      October through April, with permafrost (permanently frozen soil) occurring at an average depth
    3      of 12 to 18 inches. Soil types in communities on river corridors are typically composed of fine
    4      sediment and silt underlain by permafrost, while soils in villages facing the open ocean coast are
    5      sand and silt. Structures are designed and constructed to avoid disturbing the permafrost soil.
    6      Land disturbance during site development and construction of single family dwellings is usually
    7      less than 5,000 square feet.

    8      While Bethel, the largest Tundra community, has a population ofjust over 5,000 people, the vast
    9      majority of communities in the region have less than 1,000 people. Communities are usually
    0      confined to an area of less than one square mile. Access is usually by aircraft and boat in the
    I      warmer months or aircraft and snow machines in the winter. Average annual rainfall in Bethel is
    2      16.9 inches, and the 2 year/24 hour storm is 1.5 inches. The highest precipitation occurs in
    3      August, while less than 5 days a year have rainfall greater than 0.5 inches. Receiving waters are
    4      generally large lakes, streams and rivers. Less than 10% of rural villages in the tundra region
    5      have storm sewers. Development buffers, riparian setbacks, wetlands plans and other land use
    6      planning and zoning ordinances are rudimentary or non-existent in most communities.

    7      Of the four ecoregions, Alaska Range communities are most similar to the Lower 48 States

                                                                               Executive Summary, page 7









                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                     August'1995

          I      urban model, with more extensive road paving and higher density populations. Implementation
          2      of land use planning, zoning, development buffers and storm sewers is occurring.

          3      The soils in the Alaska Range ecoregion are typically glacial till. Some developed sites are on
          4      gravel or sand where soils are highly permeable, but the majority of sites are on relatively
          5      impermeable soils or near surface bedrock. Precipitation in Anchorage, near the center of the
          6      Alaska Range region, averages 15.3 inches annually, while the 2 year/24 hour storm is 1.5 inches
          7      and the 2 year/6 hour event is 0.66 inches. The peak precipitation period is July through
          8      September. Rainfall greater than 0. 5 inches occurs approximately 5 days a year.

          9      The Pacific Forest region is characterized by a temperate maritime climate with large amounts of
         10      rainfall occurring year-round. Average annual rainfall in Juneau, near the center of the Southeast
         I I     Panhandle, is 50-90 inches, with wide variations from the north to south of the city. The 2
         12      year/24 hour storm is 3.0 inches. The maximum precipitation occurs in October, with 28 days of
         13      rainfall exceeding 0.5 inches. In the rainy Pacific Forest region, pulse loadings are not as much
         14      of a concern compared to Tundra and Alaska Range regions, except in lower gradient streams.

         15      The mountainous terrain of the Pacific Forest region has resulted in development along the coast
         16      and up stream and river valleys. The soils in the floodplains of these streams are predominantly
         17      silty, while those on the uplands are shallower and underlain by bedrock or thicker glacier till
         18      deposits. Stormwater runoff in developed areas is channeled by storm sewers, ditches, culverts,
         19      and creeks.


         20      Juneau, Alaska's capital, is the largest municipality in the region with a population of 29,000.
         21      There are three cities in the region with populations between 7,500 and 15,000. Other
         22      municipalities range in size from less than a hundred people to 3,500 people. Communities are
         23      accessible by ferry or airplane. The only inter-community road system is on Prince of Wales
         24      Island in Southeast Alaska.


         25      The Aleutian Island ecoregion is characterized by an extensive chain of volcanic islands
         26      extending from the southcentral mainland to the far western reaches of the Bering Sea. Aleutian
         27      Island communities are similar to those in the Tundra region in terms of demographics, but have
         28      a milder climate, heaver rainfall and no permafrost. Soils are shallow, volcanic and underlain
         29      with layers of uplifted sedimentary rock. Average annual rainfall is 40 to 60 inches, with most
         30      precipitation occurring during October through March. Land use planning, development buffers,
         31      and storm sewers are in the initial stages of implementation. Dutch Harbor is the largest
         32      Aleutian Island municipality, with a year-round population ofjust under 5,000. Access is by sea
         33      and air only.

         34      The impacts of urban/community runoff and construction activities in each of the four major
         35      ecoregions, can be significant. The most common impacts include defoliation of streambanks,
         36      sedimentation of anadromous fish habitat and the contamination of local waterbodies with


                 Executive Summary, page 8









          COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                    August 1995

    1     coliform bacteria originating from both humans and domestic animals.

    2     According to the Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) 1994 preliminary draft
    3     Section 303(d) Water Quality Assessment sixteen waterbodies in the Alaska Range ecoregion are
    4     impaired (do not meet State Water Quality Standards) by urban effects associated with roads,
    5     highways, industry and residential development. Fecal coliform, turbidity and biological
    5     community alteration are the most common problems. Twelve waters in the Pacific Forest region
    7     are fisted due to urban impacts. Turbidity, fecal coliform, petroleum products, sediment, debris,
    3     habitat modification, metals and low dissolved oxygen are the main causes of impairment.
    9     Anadromous fish returns in Duck Creek, in Juneau, are just remnants of previous years. Runoff
    0     from roads and housing development, improper culvert design and strearnbank defoliation are
    I     the principal causes.

    2     Two Aleutian Island region waterbodies are impaired due to petroleum products in urban runoff,
    3     industrial operations and septic tanks. One impaired water in the Tundra ecoregion is located in
    4     King Salmon, and is listed due to the presence of petroleum products, metals, and pesticides
    5     from an abandoned landfill.


    6     The prevalence of onsite disposal systems (septic systems) varies among the ecoregions. Septic
    7     systems are not used in tundra communities due to the presence of permafrost. Some
    8     communities have aboveground sewers, or individual households use honeybuckets or holding
    9     tanks. In the honeybucket system, human waste in buckets is hand-carried from the dwelling to
    0     community storage pits or landfills, or dumped directly onto the ground or ice or into the water.
    I     Alaska Range, Pacific Forest and Aleutian Island towns and cities use both onsite and
    2     centralized wastewater disposal systems. Onsite disposal systems sometimes use marine
    3     outfalls.


    4     The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) is drafting new regulations to
    ,5    initiate an onsite disposal system installer's certification program. ADEC also conducts an audit
    ,6    stamp program. Some lending institutions, as a condition of making a loan, require that an
    ,7    engineer certify that existing septic systems have been inspected and pumped and new systems
    ,8    have been properly installed. The certification is stamped by ADEC in order for the buyer to
    19    qualify for financing. Last year, approximately 1,800 property transfers requiring onsite disposal
    '0    system inspections occurred, involving about 1,300 existing and 500 new onsite disposal
    I     systems. The vast majority of these existing septic systems were approved by ADEC on the
    2     basis of engineer certification.

          ADEC requires installations discharging in excess of 500 gallons per day receive domestic
    A     wastewater disposal permits. In addition, systems serving more than a single family dwelling or
    ,5    duplex must have approvals to both construct and operate. ADEC regulations also stipulate
    ,6    separation distances between onsite systems and surface waters (including marine waters),
    ,7    surface and subsurface drinking water supplies, impermeable strata, and breaks in slope and

                                                                           Executive Summary, page 9


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                  COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                       August'1995

           I      groundwater.

           2      Failing onsite disposal systems in Alaskan coastal regions can pose significant risks to human
           3      health and water quality. Local waterbodies are in some cases unfit for swimming, shellfish
           4      harvesting and recreation due to onsite wastewater contamination. The presence of high nitrogen
           5      levels in surface waters may precede fecal coliform bacteria contamination. Hepatitis A,
           6      dysentery and other pathogenic bacterial or viral outbreaks occur periodically, and are linked to
           7      both failing septic systems and dumping of honeybuckets. Although human wastes account for
           8      most documented cases of coliform contamination, domestic and wild animals are also
           9      responsible for the introduction of pathogenic coliform to urban surface waters.

         10       Alaska's coastal zone has 31.6 square miles of land per mile of public road. Similarly, the two
         I I      coastal states of Maryland and Washington have about 0.4 and 0.9 square miles of land per
         12       mile of public road, respectively. About 7,473 miles or 66% of Alaska!s roads occur in its
         13       235,938 square mile coastal zone. Most of the roads are concentrated in the contiguous, more
         14       heavily urbanized areas of the Kenai Peninsula, Matanuska-Susitna borough and the
         15       Municipality of Anchorage. These areas support almost three-fourths of the state's population.
         16       The rest of the population fives in scattered, small communities with limited to minor local road
         17       systems, often less than 5 miles.
         18
         19       Most of the small town and village roads are gravel-surfaced which allows for infiltration and
         20       sheet flow of precipitation to the sides of the road and onto the road embankment. Communities
         21       in the 4,000-10,000 population range have limited road systems, and while the percent of roads
         22       paved may be high, the extent of curb and gutter is generally low, so sheet flow is high. Runoff
         23       may have to be controlled and treated before being released to natural drainage systems.

         24       In the Tundra ecoregion, road designers try to select routes that avoid permafrost. If permafrost
         25       cannot be avoided, then engineers use construction techniques that either prevent thawing or that
         26       remove individual lenses of permafrost.

         27       Virtually all bridges on the state highway system are "hard surfaced" with either unrestricted or
         28       scupper controlled runoff. While most bridges occur on relatively low volume highways, there
         29       may be cases where the runoff could impact water quality of the receiving water body. If
         30       problems were to be documented on bridges of highways eligible for federal highway (ISTEA)
         31       funding, they could qualify to be retrofitted to eliminate or reduce the runoff problem to within
         32       acceptable Units.

         33       Typical mechanical stormwater controls include oil/water and sediment (grit) separators installed
         34       in structures ranging from small drain sumps to huge vaults. The practicality of these
         35       techniques, particularly those that may not receive regular maintenance or are in areas of low
         36       traffic volumes of less than 30,000 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) is highly questionable.
         37       ADOT/PF is currently initiating a research study on a low volume highway on the Kenai

                  Executive Summary, page 10









           COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                          August 1995

     1     Peninsula to determine the effectiveness of an expensive vault-type oil-grit separator at a vehicle
     2     pullout adjacent to the Moose River. Information from this study will help determine if and
     3     when these types of stormwater controls should be installed in the future.

     4     Approximately half of the state's coastal zone receives high rainfall. The area encompasses the
     5     majority of the population and roads in the coastal zone. While the high rainfall at frequent
     5     intervals increases the potential to intensify erosion and sedimentation, it has the opposite effect
     7     of diluting stormwater concentrations of dissolved solids, oil and grease, and other pollutants
     3     that do not adsorb onto sediments. This situation may increase the need for effective erosion and
     3     sedimentation prevention BMP's, yet reduce the need for intensive stormwater treatment BMP's.

           Snow and ice control during winter is a major safety concern statewide and is addressed in state
     I     and local roadway maintenance plans. Unlike states such as Michigan, where frequent salting is
     2     the predominant method of snow control, Alaska relies on plowing followed by sanding to
     3     control snow. In small communities, no maintenance or plowing are common, and sanding and
     4     salting are rarely used. In bigger communities, salt is used most often as an additive (5%) to
     5     stored sand to keep it from freezing.

     6     Recent studies conducted by the Federal Highway Administration indicate that hydrocarbon
     7     and toxic pollutant runoff loads from rural roads with less than 30,000 Average Daily Traffic
     8     are relatively minor compared to urban roads with ADT's of greater than 30,000 (Federal
     9     Highway Administration, 1990). Airborne materials from adjacent land uses were found to
     0     contribute more nonpoint source pollution flm vehicular traffic. These materials were found
     I     to collect on the road, then get flushed off with the next precipitation event. Only a few
     2     road segments in Anchorage approach or exceed this number of cars in a day. In villages,
     3     road dust can be entrained by the wind and passing vehicles, however road systems are
     4     generally short and traffic volumes low, so these effects are localized.

     5     Impacts due to erosion, sedimentation and stormwater runoff are generally limited to local
     6     events in the larger urban areas. An example would be snow plowed, blown or dumped onto
     7     roadside creeks or large, several acre snow storage areas that might affect groundwater. A
     8     recent mishap occurred in Juneau where sediments and trash that had accumulated during
     9     several years of marine snow disposal "grounded out" a cruise ship.

     0     ADOT/PF initiated a multi-year study to identify the dissolved constituents and sediment load
     I     of the snow dump melt water, and then develop a predictive model of contaminant release
     2     quantities and rates during spring snowmelt. Information from this study will be used to
     3     design effective snow storage BMP's. A similar study may have to be carried out to
     4     determine the effects of meltwater from road snow berms adjacent to streams and wetlands.

     5     Virtually all new and reconstructed state road, highway and bridge construction projects are
     6     federally funded and thus are sub ect to NEPA review. Where wetlands or waters of the U.S.
                                                j


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                  COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                       August 1995

           1      are affected, projects are subject to the Corps 404 permit and DGC coastal consistency
           2      review processes. All of these reviews are structured to assure avoidance of wetland and
           3      water impacts where practicable and feasible and minimization of those impacts that cannot
           4      be avoided. It includes full resource agency review.

           5      According to the draft preliminary 1994 Section 303(d) impaired waters list, road runoff or
           6      road impoundment may have contributed to the impairment of six waterbodies in the coastal
           7      zone (excluding Anchorage). Pollutants identified are: dissolved oxygen, debris, metals,
           8      fecal coliform, turbidity, habitat modification, temperature and salinity. These waterbodies
           9      are subject to a total maximum daily load (TMDQ assessment. This assessment is required
         10       when existing controls will not work to maintain water quality. Usually the problem is due
         11       to multiple sources of pollutants and additional, innovative controls are required. Even
         12       though highway construction with its attendant ditching and placement of culverts may have
         13       had impacts, other urban impacts must be considered.

         14       Improper placement of culverts in drainages or streams during highway construction may
         15       cause degradation of fish habitat by altering and diverting flows and may prevent the passage
         16       of fish due to increased flow velocities. Perching, deep embedment, steep gradients, using
         17       too small a diameter of pipe to handle most flows and improper installation techniques are
         18       the main causes of problems.

         19       Fish passage design criteria for sizing and installing culverts are being developed through
         20       cooperative efforts between the Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, the
         21       Department of Fish and Game and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. DOT&PF is proposing
         22       additional field research to further refine these criteria, which will then be applied on all future
         23       DOT&PF culvert installations on new roadways and, where feasible, on highways that are being
         24       reconstructed.


         25       Maintenance activities, if not properly carried out, can also increase erosion, sedimentation and
         26       pollution of wetlands, waterbodies and associated habitats. Correct procedures for handling
         27       drainage and drainage structures (including wetlands and stream crossings), snow and ice
         28       control, and hazardous materials spills are addressed in the Alaska lEghway Maintenance and
         29       Operations Manual (ADOT&PF, 1993).

         30       During road, highway and bridge construction, DOT/PF will follow its recently adopted Erosion
         31       and Sediment Control Plan-Policy and Procedures (Alaska Department of Transportation and
         32       Public Facilities, 1995) and its Guide to Preparing Erosion and Sediment Control Plans (Alaska
         33       Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, 1995) to minimize temporary and permanent
         34       erosion and sedimentation during project development, construction and maintenance. DOT/PF
         35       is also in the process of revising and updating its High%W Drainage Manual (Alaska
         36       Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, 1995) which also addresses stormwater
         37       runoff and erosion and sedimentation impacts with respect to highways and bridges in particular.


                  Executive Summary, page 12









            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                        August 1995

     1      In order to receive approval from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the
     2      US Environmental Protection Agency, the Coastal Clean Water Plan must demonstrate that it
     3      meets applicable EPA management measures cited in the Guidance Specifying Management
     4      Measuresfor Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. The tables in Attachment I list
     5      the EPA management measures for urban development and roads, highways and bridges, and the
     5      state programs that meet the EPA measures. Note that the State has determined that the EPA
     7      measure for New Development is not economically achievable. Over the next several years the
     8      State will develop an alternative measure that meets the intent of the EPA measure and is
     9      achievable under Alaskan conditions.


     0      Chapter 7 HARBORS AND MARINAS

     I      The goal of the Coastal Clean Water Plan for Harbors and Marinas is to reduce pollutants
     2      entering water through the use of best available practices in planning, design, construction,
     3      maintenance and operation.

     4      The Plan applies to new, significantly expanding and existing facilities in the coastal zone that
     5      support at least ten recreational vessels.

     6      The majority of permanently-moored recreational vessels in Alaska are kept at harbors designed,
     7      built and owned by the Department of Transportation and Public Faciliti   'es. Three-fourths of the
     8      DOT&PF facilities are maintained under management agreements between DOT&PF and the
     9      local community. Approximately 11,000 vessels occupy moorage in the 34,000 miles of coastal
     '0     shoreline. Almost 5000 are considered recreational vessels. There are 34,000 recreational
     J      vessels registered in Alaska.

     I      Harbors in Southeast Alaska support a mix of recreational and commercial activity but are
     3      predominantly commercial. Harbors with a high percentage of recreational vessels are found in
     A      Prince William Sound. Very few harbors have been constructed on the western and northern
     ,5     coast of Alaska due to the extreme temperatures, short ice-free seasons and hostile weather
     ,6     conditions.
     !7
     ,8     Circulation in harbors is generally good. Two-thirds of the state's harbors have tides in excess of
     .9     10 feet; in 90 percent of the state's harbors, the tidal range exceeds six feet. Designers can take
     )0     advantage of these tides to provide natural flushing of a harbor basin. Fewer than five existing
     ) I    harbors have poor flushing characteristics.

     ;2     Water quality in harbors and marinas is influenced by several factors. Glacial rivers carry
     33     thousands of cubic yards a day of fine suspended sediments to the ocean. The sediments not
     34     only affect dredging needs in harbors but also impact baseline total suspended solids (TSS)
     35     values. While harbors are located and designed to avoid the influence of these rivers, ambient

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                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                     August 1995

           1     TSS values may still be high.

           2     Much of the Southeast Alaska and Gulf of Alaska coastline is characterized by high mountains,
           3     deep fiords and high tidal ranges. Water quality is generally excellent in those areas. Western
           4     Alaska has long, gently sloping beaches, moderate nearshore ocean depths and sand, gravel and
           5     silty bottom conditions. Since the western coast has only a few communities and rapidly
           6     increasing depths off-shore, the water quality within harbors is assumed to have little or no
           7     impact on the ambient water outside the basin.

           8     A developer must obtain a US Army Corps of Engineers Section 404 permit prior to construction
           9     of any new harbor or marina or modification of an existing facility. As part of this permitting
         10      process, an envirorunental analysis is performed to determine the impacts of a project on water
         11      quality; the extent to which these impacts can be avoided; and for those that cannot be avoided,
         12      how they can be minimized or mitigated. All state and federal resource/regulatory agencies
         13      review the environmental documents. In addition, the Department of Environmental
         14      Conservation must issue a Section 401 water quality certification certifying that the project
         15      meets state Water Quality Standards, and the Alaska Coastal Management Program must find the
         16      project consistent with state and local coastal management enforceable policies. If water quality
         17      information provided in the environmental analysis is inadequate, the DEC can request
         18      additional water quality data before issuing a Section 401 certification.

         19      The Department of Transportation and Public Facilities performs habitat assessments if a harbor
         20      is proposed in an important aquatic habitat such as eelgrass beds or salmon migration and rearing
         21      areas. In addition, the Department of Fish and Game can require a habitat assessment during the
         22      permit review phase. Habitat assessments can include dive surveys along transect lines,
         23      vegetation community mapping, macro invertebrate mapping and substrate mapping. Habitat
         24      assessments particularly try to identify resources such as eelgrass beds, clam/cockle beds, mussel
         25      beds, herring spawning areas, and salmon rearing areas. Because several marine mammals are
         26      endangered species, Endangered Species Act coordination must be done with the appropriate
         27      agency.

         28      Typical shorelines along the Southeast Alaska, Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Island coasts are
         29      steep and rocky with pocket beaches; therefore, shoreline erosion is relatively minor. Mainland
         30      Bering Sea beaches are composed of very erodible fine sands but recreational harbor
         31      development is virtually nil.

         32      Alaska has relatively few upland hull maintenance areas. Fewer than ten marinas have dedicated
         33      paved upland maintenance areas or boat yards; 17 facilities have gravel areas. About 15 harbors
         34      have boat lifts to take large vessels out for maintenance. There are no upland hull maintenance
         35      areas currently planned at new or significantly expanding harbors. Many boats are pulled out of
         36      the water after the surnmer season and are maintained in winter storage areas away from the
         37      harbor. Larger vessels (greater than 24' in length) typically remainin water year-round and


                 Executive Summary, page 14









           COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                       August 1995

           undergo maintenance on tidal grids.

           Most upland hull maintenance areas are gravel lots that are set back from the water. The gravel
           provides natural filtration for runoff. Paved upland hull maintenance areas are typically less than
           1/2 acre in size. Runoff from the paved areas goes into oil-water separators or settling ponds if
           required by Corps of Engineers designers or the Department of Environmental Conservation.

           There are approximately 40 fueling facilities fisted in the 1994 DOT&PF inventory of harbors
           and marinas. Seventy-five percent of these facilities indicated in a recent survey that they have
           containment and cleanup equipment (booms, pads or sorbents) at the fueling facilities. An
           additional ten harbors indicated that they have cleanup equipment although there is no fuel
           facility in the harbor. These numbers are likely to be low because the inventory is constantly
           being updated as information becomes available.

           Typically, fuel docks are designed with a concrete deck and are located in an area with easy
           access, but away from the other floats due to fire potential. Fuel docks, if located within a
           harbor, should be visible from the harbormaster's office. Harbors must report all fuel spills
           greater than five gallons to the Coast Guard. The Coast Guard indicated that most harbors have
           reported spills. DOT&PF Harbor Management Agreements require clean-up equipment at fuel
           docks.


           There are estimated to be at least 5 100 recreational vessels having a marine head or portable
           toilet on board (Department of Fish and Game, 1993). The density of live-aboards is quite low.
           At the present time there are only four pumpouts in state-owned harbors. One of these has failed
           and is scheduled to be repaired. A cooperative program has been initiated between DOT&PF
           and the Department of Fish and Game to construct or expand pumpout stations in recreational
           harbors through Clean Vessel Act grants. During the first phase of the program, nine pumpout
           stations will be designed and constructed and one will be upgraded. This should provide
           services to about 90% of the salt-water recreational boaters in the state (Department of Fish and
           Game, 1993). Fish and Game is applying for Clean Vessel Act funds in 1996 to install
           additional pumpouts at harbors and marinas. Within the next five years there could potentially
           be about five-times the number of pumpouts as there are now.

           Solid waste generated in Alaskan harbors is typical of most mixed recreational and commercial
           facilities, although actual quantities are not known. Twenty-nine harbors have one or more
           MARPOL services. All facilities that have management agreements with the DOT&PF must
           collect garbage, Batteries, nets, aluminum, copper and other materials are recycled at 26
   3       facilities. The Aleutians East Borough developed guidelines for the operation and maintenance
   4       of marine refuse reception facilities.

   5       There are approximately 60 grids throughout the state. Typical activities performed while a boat
   5       is on a grid includes power washing, changing zincs and maintaining or repairing propellers,


                                                                              Executive Summary, page 15


                                                                                                             1









                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                      August 1995

           1     cooling coils, rudder pintals, etc. Very seldom is sanding of hulls done on grids. In general,
           2     grids are used by 26-foot or greater vessels. Vessels 24-foot in length or less are usually
           3     trailered out of the water and repaired or maintained away from the harbor.

           4     Solid waste pollutants associated with grids include bottom paint residue, solvents, organics and
           5     repair debris such as wasted zincs and fasteners. Bottom cleaning chemicals, paint (especially
           6     paint containing lead, copper, mercury or tin) and solvents may be toxic or hazardous to marine
           7     organisms. The Corps of Engineers has found high concentrations of heavy metals in the
           8     sediments around many grids.

           9     The potential for high volumes of sport-caught fish waste are possible during peak salmon runs.
        10       Marina operators will often post signs asking that fish not be cleaned on the docks for safety and
        I I      water quality reasons. Concentrations of fish waste can cause an increase in the biochemical
        12       oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and total suspended solids in a harbor. The stench from the
        13       waste can be annoying. Piles of fish waste are unsightly and can cause slippery docks.
        14       Recreational fish cleaning stations installed in some high summer-use marinas have created
        15       problems, leading some harbor operators to install floating dumpsters or to barge the fish waste
        16       outside the harbor waters.


        17       According to the 1995 DOT&PF Alaska Harbor Management System survey, most harbors have
        18       waste oil collection facilities but few have hazardous waste collection points. Currently,
        19       hazardous materials are collected off-site at receiving stations set up during hazardous waste
        20       cleanup days. This appears to be adequate to control these types of materials. Liability to the
        21       harbor manager or owner is reduced as well.

        22       According to the US Coast Guard, most harbors have reported oil sheens. Several coastal waters
        23       are impaired by bilge pumping and incidental fuel spills.

        24       Most boat cleaning and maintenance is done out of the water. Knowledgeable staff believe that
        25       in-water cleaning of hulls by divers and power washing of decks is not extensive in Alaska.

        26       Recreational boating along the high energy, rocky shorelines of Southeast Alaska and the Gulf of
        27       Alaska does not cause significant erosion or degradation of shallow water habitats. Although the
        28       Bering Sea coast in western Alaska has long, gently sloping beaches, moderate nearshore ocean
        29       depths and sand, gravel or silty bottoms, there is very little recreational boating due to severe
        30       weather and unprotected waters. Concerns have been expressed about boating-caused erosion on
        31       the Stikine River, Taku River and Alsek River in Southeast Alaska and the Kenai River in
        32       Southcentral Alaska. The Kenai River has documented erosion from boating activities. Because
        33       of this, the Kenai River has a management plan which limits outboard motor size to reduce
        34       wakes that erode the river banks and destroy fish habitat.

        35       The Coastal Clean Water Plan for Harbors and Marinas will strive to carry out the following


                 Executive Summary, page 16









          COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                 August1995

    I     objectives:

    2     1.     Complete the Alaska Coastal and Harbor Design Procedures Manual which will
    3            incorporate nonpoint source pollution management measures. Scheduled completion is
    4            early 1997. Field test the effectiveness of the design procedures in protecting water
    5            quality by performing pre- and post-construction monitoring. Evaluate the findings from
    6            the field and modify the text as needed. Scheduled completion 2000.

    7     2.     Establish harbor operation and maintenance Best Management Practices (BMP's) that
    8            reduce nonpoint source pollution.

    9     3.     Hold workshops for harbormasters and marina operators on how to prepare oil spill
    0            response plans and how to comply with MARPOL and DEC regulations. These classes
    1            could be.conducted by DEC and the US Coast Guard.
    2
    3     4.     Develop a boater education program.

    4     The greatest obstacles to accomplishing these objectives are lack of funding for monitoring,
    5     design and management, and lack of awareness. In addition, because of Alaska's varied climate
    6     and topography, there is rarely a "cookbook" solution to any given problem. This leads to
    7     inconsistent quality control of marine design. To compound the situation, harbors in locations
    8     that are naturally protected, easily accessed or dredged have all been constructed. The Coastal
    9     Clean Water Plan will fund as many of the objectives as possible and will also seek additional
    '0    sources of funding.

    'I    In order to receive approval from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the
    I     US Environmental Protection Agency, the Coastal Clean Water Plan must demonstrate that it
    3     meets applicable EPA management measures cited in the Guidance Specifying Management
    A     Measuresfor Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. The attached tables list the EPA
    ,5    management measures for harbors and marinas and the state programs that meet the EPA
    .6    measures. The main state programs that meet the EPA management measures for harbor siting
    ,7    and design are the DOT&PF Coastal and Harbor Design Procedures Manual, Alaska Coastal
    ,8    Management Program Habitats regulation, Department of Fish and Game fish habitat permit and
    ,9    Department of Environmental Conservation Section 401 Water Quality Certification. The main
    10    state programs that meet the EPA management measures for operation and maintenance are the
    , I   proposed state harbor and marina operation and maintenance Best Management Practices
    )2    guidance manual, harbor management agreements between DOT&PF and harbor operators,
    @ 3   several Department of Environmental Conservation statutes and regulations and education and
    A     technical assistance programs for recreational boaters, marina managers and harbormasters.





                                                                         Executive Summary, page 17


                                                                                                    1









                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                 August 1995

           1     Chapter 8 HYDROMODIFICATION

           2     The goals of the Coastal Clean Water Plan for Hydromodification are to maintain water
           3     quality and quantity in unimpacted watersheds and to maintain healthy populations of plant
           4     and animal species by maintaining the aquatic and riparian habitats necessary to sustain them.
           5     For impacted watersheds, the goal is to restore degraded water quality and quantity to meet
           6     water quality standards and protect designated uses and restore damaged aquatic populations
           7     by restoring their habitats.

           8     The Plan applies to dams, channelization. and channel modifications and human-caused
           9     shoreline and streambank erosion in the coastal zone.


        10       Other than trapping insignificant amounts of sediment, run of the river dams in coastal Alaska
        11       are usually have been designed to have very little impact on the physical and chemical
        12       characteristics of the impounded stream segment and downstream reaches. Other dams can
        13       modify upstream and downstream flows, trap sediments, and in some instances, result in
        14       temperature modifications and gas supersaturation. There are only a few dams in Alaska that
        15       restrict fish passage, and those projects have fish bypass systems.

        16       Channel modifications and human-caused erosion have had significant local impacts, but
        17       because of our large area, small population, and relatively recent development, the great majority
        18       of Alaska!s streams and rivers are much closer to their natural condition than in any other state.

        19       The objectives of the Coastal Clean Water Plan for Hydromodification are:

        20       1 .    Develop a database which records and categorizes aquatic and terrestrial habitat
        21              problems from dam construction, operation, and maintenance, to assist in prioritizing
        22              impacts.

        23       2.     Develop BMP's for operation and maintenance of dams and attach as conditions on
        24              Department of Fish and Game Title 16 permits.

        25       3.     Hold training sessions for resource agencies that have a role in reviewing FERC
        26              licenses.

        27       4.     Identify modified and at-risk channels.

        28       5.     Identify impacted and at-risk habitats.

        29       6.     Develop mechanisms to protect and restore habitats.

        30       7.     Expand ongoing streambank stabilization demonstration projects to other areas of the

                 Executive Summary, page 18









           COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                 August1995

     I           state.


     2     In order to receive approval from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the
     3     US Environmental Protection Agency, the Coastal Clean Water Plan must demonstrate that it
     4     meets applicable EPA management measures cited in the Guidance Specifying Management
     5     Measuresfor Sources ofNonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. The attached tables list the EPA
     6     management measures for hydromodification, and the state programs that meet the EPA
     7     measures.


     8     Chapter 9 WETLANDS, RIPARIAN AREAS AND VEGETATED
     9     TREATMENT SYSTEMS


     0     The goal of the Coastal Clean Water Plan for Wetlands and Riparian Areas is to develop a
     I     comprehensive strategy that protects high value wetlands and riparian areas, including areas that
     2     provide significant nonpoint pollution abatement functions, and restores high value wetlands
     3     with significant nonpoint pollution abatement functions where economically achievable and
     4     ecologically desirable. The short term goal for Vegetated Treatment Systems (VTS) is to
     5     determine their effectiveness under Alaskan conditions. If they are effective in some or all of
     6     Alaska, the long term goal is to promote their use.

     7     The Coastal Clean Water Plan for Wetlands, Riparian Areas and Vegetated Treatment Systems
     8     applies to the Alaska coastal zone.

     9     About 65% of Alaska!s land area-- almost 175 million acres-- is wetlands. By comparison,
     0     wetlands occupy only 5% of the surface area of the Lower 48 states. Wetlands in Alaska include
     1     types commonly referred to as bogs, muskegs, wet and moist tundra, ferns, marshes, swamps,
     2     mud flats and salt marshes. Wetlands range in elevation from tideline to high alpine zones, and
     3     are as common on slopes as they are in lowlands and depressions, due to the presence of
     A     permafrost or high precipitation and shallow depth to bedrock. All of western and northern
     5     coastal Alaska is tundra, which the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) identified as
     ,6    wetlands. Riparian areas have not been delineated.

     ;7    Cumulative long term losses total less than 200,000 acres statewide, approximately 1/10 of I per
     ;8    cent of Alaska!s total wetlands. Of this, about 80,000 acres have been lost due to agricultural
     '9    development (however, virtually all of this acreage is outside the coastal zone and occurred
     0     before the major agricultural wetlands protection program referred to as Swampbuster), about
     1     40,000 acres were lost in Anchorage before the Anchorage Wetlands Management Plan was
     2     adopted, about 15,000 acres in Juneau were lost before the adoption of the Juneau Wetlands
     3     Management Plan, and about 11,000 acres of wetlands were lost during the construction of the
     4     North Slope oil facilities and Haul Road. The remaining losses are primarily from placer mining


                                                                         Executive Summary, page 19



                                                                                                    1









                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                     August 1996

           1     before the 1940's.

           2     There are no figures available for the acres of riparian areas lost or degraded.

           3     Vegetated Treatment Systems are constructed wetlands and vegetated filter strips. Constructed
           4     wetlands are upland environments that have been modified to create poorly drained soils and
           5     wetlands flora and fauna for the primary purpose of pollutant removal from wastewaters or
           6     runoff. Vegetated filter strips are created areas of vegetation designed to remove sediment
           7     and other pollutants from surface water runoff by filtration, absorption and various forms of
           8     deposition.

           9     No comprehensive inventory of constructed wetlands and vegetated filter strips has been
        10       undertaken in Alaska. An informal survey of state and municipal personnel and review of
        11       selected reports indicate that only a few vegetated treatment systems exist in Alaska. The
        12       track record, data and science is very limited, and at this point VTS effectiveness is promising
        13       but inconclusive. The reason for the limited number of VTS projects may be due to the cold
        14       climate, short growing season, high rainfall in some regions and lack of information.

        15       The Coastal Clean Water Plan for Wetlands, Riparian Areas and Vegetated Treatment Systems
        16       will seek to accomplish the following objectives

        17       1 .     Develop a comprehensive wetlands management strategy. The purpose of this
        18               strategy is to do two things: develop a written document for managing wetlands and to
        19               obtain consensus among Alaskans for the objectives contained in the strategy.
        20
        21       2.      Develop a North Slope mitigation strategy.

        22       3.      Evaluate and continue development of General Permits.

        23       4.      Provide technical assistance to a Native organization. DEC, EPA and the
        24               Chugachmuit Native Association (Prince William Sound area) will sign an environmental
        25               partnership agreement. As part of the agreement, DEC will assist the Native association
        26               in drafting a regional comprehensive wetlands plan, to be part of the Chugachmuit
        27               resource management plan.

        28       5.      Determine the usefulness of the Hydrogeomorphic Assessment and Classification
        29               Methodology (HGM). HGM is expected to provide Alaska with a methodology that
        30               will consider local unique conditions such as permafrost. Pollutant buffering and
        31               retention are considered in this methodology. Key state personnel will attend HGM
        32               training to learn if it can be applied in Alaska.

        33       6.      Assist a community in preparing a wetlands conservation management plan. The

                 Executive Summary, page 20









           COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                 August 1995

     1           purpose of this task is to determine if local wetlands conservation management plans can
     2           improve wetlands management.
     3
           7.    Promote the use of VTS where these systems will serve a significant nonpoint source
                 pollution abatement function.

           Funding is available for the next two state fiscal years Quly 1,1995- June 30,1997) to accomplish
     7     Action Plan objectives 1-5. The state will seek funding to accomplish objectives 6-7.

     3     The most significant constraint to achieving the objectives is the uncertainty created by proposed
           federal legislation. Another constraint is the conflicting positions of Alaskan interest groups.

           In order to receive approval from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the
           Environmental Protection Agency, the Coastal Clean Water Plan must demonstrate that it meets
     2     applicable EPA management measures cited in Guidance Specifying Management Measuresfor
     3     Sources ofNonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. A list of the EPA management measures, and
     4     the state authorities that meet the intent of the measures is attached. The state has sufficient
     5     authority to protect wetlands and restore wetlands. No state authorities have been identified that
     6     promote the use of vegetated treatment systems, but the Coastal Clean Water Plan will make
     7     funding available for VTS projects if they are found to be effective.


     8     Chapter 10 AGRICULTURE

     9     Agricultural development in Alaska's coastal region has an insignificant impact on coastal
     '0    resources and human health.


     , I   Erosion and sedimentation from agricultural lands is minimal. Vegetable and grain production
     I     has the greatest potential for erosion, yet less than 900 acres were cultivated for vegetables in
     3     1993 and 900 acres were planted in grains, generally using no-till practices. Erosion from
     ,4    livestock can also be a source of sediment, yet stocking rates on range and pasture averaged
     ,5    about 1.4 animals per 100 acres. The potential for increased erosion from agricultural lands
     ,6    in the future is minimal. New farms in the Point MacKenzie area will be subject to Farm
     ,7    Conservation Plans which include a soil erosion component.

     ,8    Wastewater and runoff from confined animal facilities is also insignificant. There are only
     .9    five dairies in the entire coastal region that are large enough to potentially cause problems.
     '0    The dairies ze widely separated and have approved waste management systems. There are no
     I     beef feedlwis, stables, poultry facilities or swine facilities that meet the minimum size
     -2    threshold. Within the next five years there may be another two dairies at the Point
     )3    MacKenzie area. These facilities will have approved Farm Conservation Plans and approved
     4     waste management systems.


                                                                         Executive Summary, page 21


                                                                                                     1









                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                      August 1995

           1     About 4700 tons of commercial fertilizers were applied to about 11,000 acres of agricultural
           2     land in the entire coastal zone. Fertilizers are applied in May and June after the soils are
           3     thawed and the threat of overland flow has diminished. Precipitation is infrequent and of low
           4     intensity during that period.

           5     Pesticides were applied to about 2,000 acres in 1992. Degradation rates are slow due to cold
           6     soil temperatures which can lead to over-application. The Alaska Cooperative Extension and
           7     USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service have developed educational materials for
           8     farmers that address this concern. No pesticides have been found in surface or ground waters
           9     tested to date.


        10       Although 700,000 acres are classified as suitable for sheep or cattle grazing, there is very little
        I I      production. Average stocking density is 1.4 animals per 100 acres. Grazing leases are subject
        12       to management plans.

        13       Less than 1000 acres were irrigated in 1992, consuming about 8800 acre-feet of water per
        14       year. There is no evidence of irrigation water entering surface waters through runoff.


        15       Chapter 11 ADDITIONAL MEASURES

        16       Section 6217(b) of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments and the EPA Program
        17       Development and Approval Guidance requires state coastal nonpoint pollution control
        18       programs to identify impaired and threatened coastal waters; identify land uses that cause or
        19       threaten water quality impairment; establish critical coastal areas (important areas that may
        20       need additional measures to protect against current or anticipated problems); develop and
        21       implement additional measures for the critical coastal areas and land uses if necessary to
        22       protect or restore water quality; monitor the effectiveness of the additional controls and revise
        23       the additional controls as needed.


        24       The Department of Environmental Conservation has developed a preliminary draft list of
        25       impaired and threatened coastal waters. Nineteen impaired waters, one threatened water and
        26       two "waters of concern7 have been tentatively identified as subject to the Coastal Clean Water
        27       Plan additional measures requirement.

        28       DEC, in conjunction with EPA and affected parties, has already begun the process of
        29       identifying land uses that are causing or contributing to the degradation of the impaired
        30       waters, or that could potentially degrade threatened waters or waters of concern. Target date
        31       for completion of the identification process is 1997.

        32       Two types of critical coastal areas will be established. The first type will focus on areas
        33       adjacent to waters that are already impaired; the second type will. focus on areas adjacent to


                 Executive Summary, page 22









          COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                  August 1995

          waters that are not impaired but are deemed important enough to warrant special
          consideration. The boundaries of the critical coastal area must encompass the significant
          sources of nonpoint pollution. The State, with input from other agencies, the public, affected
          parties and others will take the lead in developing boundary selection criteria and making
          recommendations on specific critical coastal areas.

          The State, in conjunction with EPA and affected parties, has already begun the process of
    7     determining whether existing nonpoint source pollution controls are sufficient to bring
          impaired waters into compliance with the State's Water Quality Standards. If evidence
          indicates that in some cases existing controls are not adequate, the State and EPA will take
          the lead in developing additional controls to restore water quality. The additional controls are
    I     being developed under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, the Total Maximum Daily
    2     Load program.

    3     For the second type of critical coastal area-- important areas warranting special consideration-
    4     the State, with input from other agencies, affected parties and others, will take the lead in
    3     assessing management options for those areas. The assessment may indicate that additional
          controls are needed as soon as practical or that existing controls are sufficient to maintain
    7     water quality and/or aquatic habitat.

    3     For both types of critical coastal area, if existing controls are determined to be adequate to
    9     restore water quality, but after a monitoring period they are shown to not be effective, then
    J     additional measures will need to be implemented as soon as practical.

    I     The State will lead teams of experts who will work with the affected parties to develop
    2     additional measures tailored to the specific critical coastal area and land uses. The State will
    3     also provide technical support to assist the affected parties in implementing the additional
    4     measure(s). A monitoring program and schedule will be developed as part of the
    5     implementation package.


    6     Chapter 12 MONITORING

    7     The overall goals of the Coastal Clean Water Plan monitoring program are to assess over time
    8     the effectiveness of pollution controls in reducing pollution loads and improving water quality;
    9     and to determine the need for additional pollution controls to meet water quality objectives in the
    0     coastal zone. These goals will be achieved by

    1     1)     Sumedn& federal. state, local and industry personnel to determine what monitoring is
    2            already being done. Target date for completion of the directory is July 1996.

    3     2)     Determining monitoring objectives for ka watersheds, kgy land uses and kï¿½Y pollutio

                                                                         Executive Summary, page 23


                                                                                                     1









                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                  August 1995

           1            controls. Target date for completion of this task is July 1996.

           2     3)     IdentifAng monitoring or data gaps, if any. Target date for completion of the gap
           3            summary is July 1996.

           4     4)     IdentifAng the Wes of monitoring (implementation, trend, effectiveness, baseline, etc.)
           5            that are necessaEy to achieve goals and ob-jectives.

           6     5)     IdentiWng available options to address the monitoring gaps. Target date for completion
           7            of this task is July 1996.

           8     6)     Implementing the monitoring program.

           9     Tasks 2-5 will be coordinated with the Section 303(d) Total Maximum Daily Load program for
         10      impaired waterbodies that require additional pollution controls. The Section 303(d) program
         11      also requires monitoring to determine the effectiveness of additional controls.




























                 Executive Summary, page 24


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft            August 1995
ATTACHMENT 1

1

2 MANAGEMENT MEASURE SUMMARY

3 FORESTRY MANAGEMENT MEASURES

4 Management Measure:  Preharvest Planning

5 State Authorities That Meed the Management Measure

6

7
8
9


0
1
2

3
4
5
6
7


8
9
0

1
2
3
4
5

Measure Component

Identify location of waterbodies, 
sensitive areas and landslide-prone
areas within the harvest unit.

Time the activity for the season or
moisture conditions when the least 
impact occurs.

Consider potential water quality
impacts and erosion and sediment
control in the selection of
harvesting and site prepartion
methods.

Identify landslide-prone areas and
avoiding harvesting in such areas
to the extent practicable.

Consider additional contributions 
from harvesting or roads to any
known existing water quality
impairments or problems in
watershed of concern.

Citation

11 AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of
Operations

11 AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of
Operations

11 AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of
Operations

11 AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of
Operations

How It Applies to
Component

Detailed Plans of Operations must
include the location of surface
waters
and if applicable, the
anadromous fish-bearing
classification of surface waters
that abut or are within harvest
units (a)(5)(A), and any known
unstable or slide-prone slopes
(a)(9)(A).

Detailed Plans of Operations must
include the dates the operations are 
expected to begin and end (a)(4).

Detailed Plans of Operations must
include the harvest and yarding
techniques and location of
landings (a)(6) and a description of
reforestation and site preparation
methods (a)(10).

Detailed Plans of Operations must 
include the location of any known
unstable or slide-prone areas
located in cutting units (a)(9)(A)

Executive Summary, page 25
 


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                    Augustl995

4

5

6


1
2
3
4
5


6
7
8



9
10


11
12

Management Measure: Preharvest Planning
State Authorities That Meet the Management Measure

Measure Component

Locate roads, landings and skid
trails to avoid to the extent
practicable steep grades and steep
hillslope areas, and to decrease the
number of stream crossings.

Avoid to the extent practicable
locating new roads and landings in
Streamside Management Areas

Determine road usage and select
the appropriate road standard.

Size and site stream crossing
structures to prevent failure.


Citation

11 AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of
Operations

11 AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of
Operations

11 AAC 95.285(b), Road Location

11 AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of
Operations

11 AAC 95.290, Road Construction

11 AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of
Operations


How It Applies to
Component

Detailed Plans of Operations must 
include the location of any
unstable or slide-prone slopes that
are traversed by roads (a)(9)(A),
where known, the site specific
erosion prevention measures
developed under 11 AAC
95.290(a)((a)(9)(C), and the
approximate location of stream
crossings (a)(5)(B) and (C).

Detailed Plans of Operations must
include the location of any known
road to be located in a riparian
area for a reason other than a water
crossing (a)(7)(C).

A road may not be located in a 
riparian area except where access 
is needed to a water body crossing,
or where there is no feasible
alternative.  A road in any riparian
area must be designed and located 
to minimize adverse effect on fish
habitat and water quality.

Detailed Plans of Operations must
include whether roads are intended
to be permanent or temporary
(a)(7)(A).

This regulation set forth the
standards for forest road
construction.

Detailed Plans of Operations must
include the location of proposed
stream crossings; a stream
crossing must be designed and
constructed in accordance with 11
AAC 95.300 and 11 AAC 95.305.


Executive Summary, page 26

 










              COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                  August 1995


                                                                                                                   . .. ..........  .........
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                                                             I AAC 95.285, Road Location                This regulation sets forth the
                                                                                                        standards for determining the
                                                                                                        location of a new road, including
                                                                                                        stream crossing structures.

                                                            I I AAC 95.300, Bridge Standards            This regulation sets forth the
                                                                                                        standards for bridge construction.

                                                            I I AAC 95.305, Culverts and                This regulation sets forth the
                                                            Other Water Crossing Provisions             standards for culverts and fords.

                 For fish-bearing streams, design           I I AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of            Detailed Plans of Operations must
                 crossings to facilitate fish passage.      Operations                                  include the location of stream
                                                                                                        crossings requiring approval by
                                                                                                        the Department of Fish and Game
                                                                                                        (a)(5)(C).

                                                            I I AAC 95.300(c), Bridge                   This regulation sets forth the
                                                            Standards                                   standards for bridge construction
                                                                                                        over anadromous fish-bearing
                                                                                                        waters.


                                                            I I AAC 95.305, Culverts and                This regulation sets forth the
                                                            Other Water Crossing Provisions             standards for culverts and fords in
                                                                                                        anadromous fish-bearing streams.
    3            Ensure that the design of road             I I AAC 95.290, Road Construction           This regulation sets forth the
    4            prism and road surface drainage                                                        standards for road construction,
    5            are appropriate to the terrain and                                                     design and road running surface.
    6            that the road surface design is
    7            consistent with the road drainage          I I AAC 95.295, Road Drainage               This regulation set s forth the
    8            structures.                                                                            drainage standards for forest roads.

    9            Use suitable materials to surface          I I AAC 95.290, Road Construction           This regulation sets forth the
                 roads planned for all-weather use                                                      standards for road running
                 to support truck traffic.                                                              surfaces, including winter roads.








                                                                                                      Executive Summary, page 27


                                                                                                                                            1









                            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                        August 1995


                                                                              ..........
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                4                 Establish and maintain a streamsidc                 AS 41.17.115-.119, Riparian                      AS 41.17.115 to. 119 and I I AAC
                5                 management area along surface                       Areas                                            95.260 stipulate that the
                6                 waters, which is sufficiently wide                  I I AAC 95.260, Riparian                         management intent for riparian
                7                 and which includes a sufficient                     Standards                                        areas is the adequate preservation
                8                 number of canopy species to buffer                                                                   of fish habitat by maintaining a
                9                 against detrimental changes in the                                                                   short- and long-term source of
              10                  temperature regime of the                                                                            large woody debris, stream bank
              I I                 waterbody, to provide bank                                                                           stability, channel morphology,
              12                  stability and to withstand wind                                                                      water temperatures, stream flows,
              13                  damage. Manage the SMA in such                                                                       water quality, adequate nutrient
              14                  a way as to protect against soil                                                                     cycling, food sources, clean
              15                  disturbance in the.SMA and                                                                           spawning gravels, and sunlight.
              16                  delivery to the stream of sediments                                                                  Timber harvest is prohibited
              17                  and nutrients generated by forestry                                                                  within 100 feet of an anadromous
              18                  activities, including harvesting.                                                                    or high value resident fish
              19                  Manage the SMA canopy species                                                                        waterbody on state and federal
              20                  to provide a sustainable source of                                                                   land in Southeast Alaska, and
              21                  large woody debris needed for                                                                        State, federal and private land in
              22                  instrearn channel structure and                                                                      Southccntral, Northern and
              23                  aquatic species habitat.                                                                             Western Alaska. Timber harvest
                                                                                                                                       on private land in Southeast
                                                                                                                                       Alaska is prohibited within 66 feet
                                                                                                                                       of a Type A waterbody, and must
                                                                                                                                       be conducted in compliance with
                                                                                                                                       slope stability standards within
                                                                                                                                       100 feet of a Type B waterbody or
                                                                                                                                       50 feet of a Type C waterbody.
                                                                                                                                       On other public land, timber
                                                                                                                                       harvest is not allowed within 100
                                                                                                                                       feet of an anadromous or high-
                                                                                                                                       value resident fish waterbody
                                                                                                                                       located south or north of the
                                                                                                                                       Alaska Range. This requirement
                                                                                                                                       may be waived north of the Alaska
                                                                                                                                       Range if adequate protection is in
                                                                                                                                       place.








                            Executive Summary, page 28









                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                       August 1995


                                                                         11 AAC 95.280(d), Slope Stability                   This regulation sets forth the
                                                                         Standards in a Riparian Area                        standards to prevent sediment,
                                                                                                                             small woody debris and other
                                                                                                                             residue from entering surface
                                                                                                                             waters in a riparian area.


                                                                         I I AAC 95.350, Bank Integrity                      This regulation sets forth the
                                                                                                                             standards for maintaining bank
                                                                                                                             integrity.









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                                                                                                      .... ..........                  ::4.4...
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      4              Follow preharvest planning (as                      AS 41.17.120, Inspections and                       The department may inspect and
      5              described under Management                          Investigations                                      investigate forest land activities as
      6              Measure A) when constructing or                                                                         necessary to ensure.compliance
      7              reconstructing the roadway.                                                                             with applicable regulations and
                                                                                                                             requirements, including adherence
                                                                                                                             to the Detailed Plan of Operations.
                                                                                                                             Enforcement procedures are
                                                                                                                             specified in AS 41.17.125-.143

                                                                         11 AAC 95.290, Road                                 This regulation sets forth standards
                                                                         Construction                                        for road construction.

      8              Follow designs planned under                        AS 41.17.120, Inspections and                       The department may inspect and
      9              Management Measure A for road                       Investigations                                      investigate forest land activities as
      0              surfacing and shaping.                                                                                  necessary to ensure compliance
                                                                                                                             with applicable regulations and
                                                                                                                             requirements, including adherence
                                                                                                                             to the Detailed Plan of Operations.
                                                                                                                             Enforcement procedures are
                                                                                                                             specified in AS 41.17.125-.143

                                                                         11 AAC 95.290, Road                                 This regulation sets forth standards
                                                                         Construction                                        for road surfacing and shaping.                 11



                                                                                                                          Executive Summary, page 29


                                                                                                                                                                             1









                        COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                    August 1995



                          ............
                                               MENT@!i*MEASURE; ROAD:CONSTRUC.TIONIREC.;ONSTRUCTION
                                                                                                                                                          ...........
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                          Install road drainage structures             AS 41.17.120, Inspections and               The department may inspect and
              2           according to designs planned                 Investigations                              investigate forest land activities as
              3           under Management Measure A and                                                           necessary to ensure compliance
              4           regional storm return period and                                                         with applicable regulations and
              5           installation specifications. Match                                                       requirements, including adherence
              6           these drainage structures with                                                           to the Detailed Plan of Operations.
              7           terrain features and with road                                                           Enforcement procedures are
              8           surface and prism designs.                                                               specified in AS 41.17.125-.143

                                                                       I I AAC 95.295, Road Drainage               This regulation sets forth standards
                                                                                                                   relating to spacing of drainage
                                                                                                                   structures. Operators must install
                                                                                                                   appropriate ditches, culverts, cross
                                                                                                                   drains, drainage dips, water bars,
                                                                                                                   and diversion ditches when the
                                                                                                                   natural drainage is crossed with
                                                                                                                   the roadbed material. Operators
                                                                                                                   also must ensure that there is
                                                                                                                   adequate interim drainage, prior to
                                                                                                                   finishing the project, if activities
                                                                                                                   must be suspended because of
                                                                                                                   winter conditions or other
                                                                                                                   situations. Additionally, operators
                                                                                                                   are required to use measures such
                                                                                                                   as settling basins, cross drains, and
                                                                                                                   vegetated areas to minimize
                                                                                                                   sedimentation as a result of road
                                                                                                                   construction activities.

              9           Guard against the production of              I I AAC 95.300, Bridge Standards            This regulation sets forth standards
            10            sediment when installing stream                                                          for bridge construction.
                                   S.
                                                                       I I AAC 95.305, Culverts and                This regulation sets forth standards
                                                                       Other Water Crossing Provisions             for culvert and ford installation.










                       Executive Summary, page 30


~0







              COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                        August 1~q99~6q6


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                                                         ... ... .......                                              ~qO~6qn~qe
                                                                                                                 In

      I           Protect surface waters from slash            I I AAC 95.290(e), Road                       Where feasible, operators must fell
      ~2           and debris material from roadway             Construction                                  tress away from fish-bean~i~ng;
      3           clearing.                                                                                  waters, standing waters, and from
                                                                                                             other surface waters where
                                                                                                             necessary to avoid degradation of
                                                                                                             water quality. An operator may
                                                                                                             not fell a tree into cataloged
                                                                                                             anadromous fish-bearing waters
                                                                                                             without prior approval of Fish and
                                                                                                             Game. If a tree is felled into non-
                                                                                                             catalogued waters, the operator
                                                                                                             shall remove the limbs and other
                                                                                                             small debris within 48 hours, and
                                                                                                             shall remove the bole as soon as
                                                                                                             necessary equipment is at the site,
                                                                                                             If a tree is felled into non-fish
                                                                                                             bearing waters or surface waters,
                                                                                                             ~qt~qhe operator must remove the
                                                                                                             debris at the earliest feasible time
                                                                                                             when necessary to avoid -
                                                                                                             degradation of water quality.
      4           Use straw bales, silt fences,                 I I AAC 95~.290(c), Road                      Operators must treat unstable soils
      5           mulching, or other favorable                 Construction                                  with effective and appropriate
      6           practices on disturbed soils on                                                            erosion control measures such as
      7           unstable cuts, fills, etc.                                                                 grass seeding or erosion control
                                                                                                             mats.

      8           Avoid constructing new roads in               I I AAC 95.285~q(~qb), Road Location             A road may not be located in a
      9           SMAs to the extent practicable.                                                            riparian area except where access
                                                                                                             is needed to a water body crossing,
                                                                                                             or where there is not feasible
                                                                                                             alternative. A stream crossing or
                                                                                                             road in any riparian area must be
                                                                                                             designed and located to minimize
                                                                                                             significant adverse effects on fish
                                                                                                             habitat and water quality.







                                                                                                             Executive Summary, page 31


                                                                                                                                                     ~q1
 

COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft           August 1995

1

2

3


4
5
6
7
8


9
10
11
12
13

14
15
16
17

18
19
20
21
22
23


MANAGEMENT MEASURE: ROAD MANAGEMENT
State Authorities That Meet the Measure

Measure Component

Avoid using road where possible
for timber hauling or heavy traffic
during wet or thaw periods on
roads not designed and constructed
for these conditions.

Evaluate the future need for a road
and close roads that will not be
needed.  Leave closed roads and
drainage channels in a stable 
condition to withstand storms.

Remove drainage crossings and
culverts if there is a reasonable
risk of plugging or failure from
lack of maintenance.

Following completion of
harvesting, close and stabilize
temporary spur roads and seasonal
roads to control and direct water
away from the roadway.  Remove
all temporary stream crossings.


Citation

11 AAC 95.290(h), Road
Construction

11 AAC 95.365, Tracked and
Wheeled Harvest Systems

11 AAC 95.320, Road Closure

11 AAC 95.320(h), Road Closure

11 AAC 95.315(c), Road
Maintenance


How It Applies to the
Component

The Division of Forestry may
block or prohibit summer vehicle 
traffic on winter roads if necessary 
to prevent surface water siltation.
Forest roads in Southeast Alaska
are generally constructed for 
year-round use.

Tracked skidders, wheeled
skidders or logging shovels may
not be used during saturated soil
conditions if degradation of 
surface and standing water quality
is likely to result.

This regulation sets forth the
requirements for road closure.

This regulation sets forth the
standards for bridge, culvert and
fill removal during road closure.

As soon as feasible following
termination of active use,
operators must maintain ditches
and drainage structures to assure
water flow and fish passage; and
keep the road surface crowned,
outsloped, water barred or
otherwise left in a condition not
conducive to erosion.


Executive Summary, page 32




COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft              August 1995

1

2

3


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2

3
4
5
6
7
8

9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6


MANAGEMENT MEASURE: ROAD MANAGEMENT
State Authorities That Meet the Measure

Measure Component

Inspect roads to determine the
need for structural maintenance.
Conduct maintenance practices,
when conditions warrant,
including cleaning and
replacement of deteriorated
structures and erosion controls,
grading or seeding of road
surfaces, and, in extreme cases,
slope stabilization or removal of
road fills where necessary to
maintain structural integrity.

Conduct maintenance activities,
such as dust abatement, so that 
chemical contaminants or
pollutants are not introduced into
surface waters to the extent
practicable.

Propery maintain permanent
stream crossing and associated
fills and approaches to reduce the
likelihood (a) that stream overflow
will divert onto roads, and (b) that
fill erosion will occur if the
drainage structures become
obstructed.


Citation

11 AAC 95.320, Road Closure

11 AAC 95.315, Road
Maintenance

11 AAC 95.315(b)(3), Road
Maintenance

11 AAC 95.315, Road
Maintenance


How It Applies to the 
Component

Bridges, culverts and fills must be
removed from surface waters,
unless the Division of Forestry
determines other measures would
provide adequate protection
Removal standards are set forth in
(c).

This regulation sets forth
requirements for active road
maintenance and inactive road
maintenance.  If necessary to
prevent significant degradation of
surace water quality or fish
habitat, the Division of Forestry
will, in its discretion, require an
operator or landowner to
rehabilitate unstable or erodible
exposed soils by a suitable method 
to minimize siltation of surface
waters.

Operators must perform road
surface maintenance as necessary
to minimize erosion of the surface
and subgrade.

On active and inactive roads,
operators must keep culverts functional.


Executive Summary, page 33




0







                           COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                  August 1995


                                                  .`MANAGE
                                                                     MENT@@M2q52qA2qS0qUR2q5i@@'--*@.1p2p1p2qBERi@@iHARVES2qT2ppp7668;1936;12;12q.:::::::::::::::,:
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               3           .*6qm 'qAsure*:*@@*C: oin 8qbone0qhqt                                     -:-- ................................... 2qAq60q* qlqlfq@A4qo 2qH *..'1p2p1p
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                           ............... ......                                 ........... ..............           In
                                                                                                                                       .......................... ......
                                                 . . . . . . . ......... .. ........ . .....                                              ...........    ..... ...............
               4           Timber harvesting operations with           I I AAC 95.340, Harvest Unit                Logging systems and harvest units
               5           skid trails or cable yarding follow         Planning and Design                         must be in compliance with the
               6           layouts determined under                                                                requirements of the Forest
               7           Management Measure A.                                                                   Resources and Practices Act.
               8           Install landing drainage structures         I I AAC 95.345, Landing Location,           Landings must be located,
               9           to avoid sedimentation to the               Construction and Operation                  constructed and operated in a
            10             extent practicable. Disperse                                                            mariner that minimizes
                           landing drainage over sideslopes.                                                       sedimentation of surface and
                                                                                                                   standing waters (a)(4).
                                                                                                                   Landings must be sloped, water
                                                                                                                   barred, ditched or otherwise
                                                                                                                   constructed and maintained to
                                                                                                                   minimize accumulation of water
                                                                                                                   on the landing (b)(6).
            12             Construct landings away from                I I AAC 95.345, Landing Location,           Where slopes have a grade greater
            13             steep slopes and reduce the                 Construction and Operation                  than 67%, are unstable or are in a
            14             likelihood of fill slope failures.                                                      slide-prone area, fill material used
            15             Protect landing surfaces used                                                           in construction of a landing must
            16             during wet periods. Locate                                                              be free from loose stumps and
            17             landings outside of SMAs.                                                               excessive accumulations of slash,
                                                                                                                   and must be mechanically
                                                                                                                   compacted in layers if necessary to
                                                                                                                   prevent soil erosion and mass
                                                                                                                   wasting (b)(4).
                                                                                                                   Truck roads, skid trails or fire
                                                                                                                   trails must be outsloped or cross
                                                                                                                   drained uphill of the landing and
                                                                                                                   the water diverted onto the forest
                                                                                                                   floor away from the toe of any
                                                                                                                   landing fill ((b)(5)
                                                                                                                   Landings must be sloped, water
                                                                                                                   barred, ditched or otherwise
                                                                                                                   constructed and maintained to
                                                                                                                   minimize accumulation of water
                                                                                                                   on the landing (qb)q(6).
            18             Protect stream channels and                 I I AAC 95.345, Landing Location,           Landings must be located,
            19             significant ephemeral drainages             Construction and Operation                  constructed and operated in a
            20             from logging debris and slash                                                           manner that prevents logs and
            21             material.                                                                               vegetative debris from entering
                                                                                                                   surface and standing waters (a)(38q).


                           Executive Summary, page 34
 








              COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                              August 1995


                                         M
                                                A     EMENT..MEASURE..:@@                                                ........  .............
                                            AN G
                                                                                                                                     ............. . .
                                                                       ...................
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                                                             ...........                                                   ...... ..
                                                                                                       :01n                ..........
                                                                                                     c
                                                                                                           ponefiC@'.

                                                            I I AAC 95.370(c), Slash                 Unstable slash concentrations
                                                                                                     around a landing must be disposed
                                                                                                     of or dispersed by the operator to
                                                                                                     prevent entry into surface waters.

       1         Use appropriate areas for                  I I AAC 95.815, Disposal of Waste        This regulation sets forth the
       2         petroleum storage, draining,               Material                                 standards for the handling and
       3         dispensing. Establish procedures                                                    disposal of petroleum products and
       4         to contain and treat spills. Recycle                                                waste material.
       5         or properly dispose of all waste
       6         materials.

       7         Limit yarding corridor gouge or            I I AAC 95.360, Cable Yarding            This regulation sets forth the
       8         soil plowing by properly locating                                                   standards for cable yarding.
       9         cable yarding landings.
       0         Locate corridors for SMAs                  I I AAC 95.360, Cable Yarding            This regulation sets forth the
       I         following Management Measure                                                        standards for cable yarding.
       2         B.
                                                            I I AAC 95.350, Bank Integrity           This regulation sets forth the
                                                                                                     standards for maintaining bank
                                                                                                     integrity.

                 Within SMAs, operate ground                I I AAC 95.365(b), Tracked and           Within riparian areas, the nurnber
       4         skidding equipment only at stream          Wheeled Harvest Systems                  of skidding routes must be
                 crossings to the extent practicable.                                                minimized, and one-end
       6         In SMAs, fell and endline trees to                                                  suspension of logs is required-
       .7        avoid sedimentation.

       .8        Use improved stream crossings for          I I AAC 95.365(f), Tracked and           When using tracked and wheeled
       @ 9       skid trails which cross flowing            Wheeled Harvest Systems                  vehicles, operators must use water
       '0        drainages. Construct skid trails to                                                 bars or another appropriate
                 disperse runoff and with adequate                                                   techniques as necessary and
       .2        drainage structures.                                                                outslope skid trails where feasible

       `3                       e
                 On steep slop s, use cable systems         I I AAC 95.340, Harvest Unit             Yarding and skidding must be in
       !4        r        an ground skidding where          Planning and Design                      compliance with the Forest
       '5        ground skidding may cause                                                           Practices Act and regulations.
       ;16       excessive sedimentation.





                                                                                                    Executive Summary, page 35









                     COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                          August 1995


                         ..........
                                                                                                   OF..;DlSTURBED:.AREAS               ........
                                            EM                SURE       REV
                                        G ENTME                                EGET ION....
                       ................. .                            ........             .........        ........ .....
                                                                     . .......... ...... I-- . ............ ..... ...
                                   .................
                              .................- ...............                                      ......
                       ....... ...  ............... ........  .............
                                            ..............                    .. .... .......-
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                                                                                                       @H*     It A      li   to th           .......
            3                           moonent.
                                                                           ................ .................                   .... ..
                                                                           .......    ........ .... .....
                                   ...........                               ............                                              . . ........
                              .... .. ........... ... .....
                       ..................                                    ........- ....................                        .......-..........
                                                                                                                          ............. .........
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                       ................... .... ...             ......-            .............. ..........
                       ..................
                                ...........................
                                .........................
                                                                                                                                   ...........
                                                                                                                                       ........... ....
                                                                                                                                       .....................
                                                                                                                          ........ ..  ...........
                         ..........                                                                                 ...... ........
                       ......... ........               ...............
                                                                                                      . ......... ...................
                                                                                                  .......... . .. ... ............
            4            Revegetate disturbed areas (using      I IAAC 95.290, Road                      Operators must treat unstable soils
            5            seeding or planting) promptly          Construction                             with effective and appropriate
            6            after completion of the earth-                                                  erosion control measures such as
            7            disturbing activity. Local                                                      grass seeding, erosion control
            8            growing conditions will dictate                                                 mats or end-hauling materials.
            9            the timing for establishment of
           10            vegetative cover.                      I I AAC 95.300, Bridge Standards         Earth embankments constructed
                                                                                                         for bridge approaches must be
                                                                                                         revegetated or otherwise protected
                                                                                                         from erosion.

                                                                I I AAC 95.326, Material                 Within the first growing season
                                                                Extraction and Disposal Sites            after completion of a disposal
                                                                                                         operation, operators must stabilize
                                                                                                         the site and all exposed erodible
                                                                                                         soils by revegetation with grass,
                                                                                                         clover, ground cover or if
                                                                                                         possible, native ground cover.

                                                                I I AAC 95.330, Rehabilitation           Where mass wasting is caused by
                                                                After Mass Wasting                       forestry operations, the operator
                                                                                                         must, to the extent feasible,
                                                                                                         stabilize the slide path and all
                                                                                                         associated exposed soils by grass
                                                                                                         seeding, erosion control mats or
                                                                                                         other effective slope stabilization
                                                                                                         measures.


                                                                I I AAC 95.350, Bank Integrity           The Division of Forestry may
                                                                                                         require stabilization of disturbed
                                                                                                         banks to prevent soil erosion and
                                                                                                         degradation of water quality.
           I I           Use mixes of species and               same regulations as listed above
           12            treatments developed and tailored
           13            for successful vegetation
           14            establishment for the region or
           15            area.






                     Executive Summary, page 36


~0







            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                          August~q1995


                                                                                                                               ...........
                                                                                                                        ......... ...... ........
                  . .............. ........
                                                                    ..........
                                                                                                                               ................
                                                                                          ~~2q0
                   ::.-...MANAGEMENT:. MEA URE~qt REVEGETATION~ F~DI~.
                                                                                          ........... ...... . . . .. ........ ..
                                                                                       . ......................  ....... .............. ... .......

                                                                                                                          . ..........
                                                                                      . . . .......... .......       ...........
                                                                                                                 ................
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                    ...............        ~2qS~qt~8qate~~:AUL~h~'      ~qi     ~~6qTh~at~,M~2qdet~':~qt~4qh M
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                        ...........
                                                                       ............ .........                         ......
                                                                                                                           ...................L
                                                                            ........... .........
                                                                                                     ... ponen~:

               Concentrate revegetation efforts        same regulations as  listed above.
               initially on priority areas such as
               disturbed areas in SMAs or the
               steepest areas of disturbance near
               drainages.





































                                                                                              Executive Summary, page 37
 








                     COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                         August 1995


                                                                                                                                            ............
                                                                                                                                            . ...... .......
                                                                                                                                            ................
                          .........                                                                                    ...       ........   -
                          ............
                                             @::MANAGEIVlt        Tii:Mt4             ... WETLAND.S.I@@@FOREST:..:.:.@.:....
                                                                            WREAK.                                                          ...........
                                                                                                ............                                ......... ..

                                    ......            ........
                                  ..............
                         . .....-                                :u on ie&@i                  th
                                                                                      M e*et-                                   .........   .. .......
                                                              A  th                              9: me    SU            ............ ....  ....... I., .......
                                      ...........                              .......   ........ .-
                                        .....            ...... ..
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                                                                                   ........... ...... ... .......
                                                                                                                                            ............ ...-
                                                                                                        ..............                      .......
                                                                          .......... ........ .. ......
                                                                                                                                            ...........
                                                                                        ..........                                          .........
                                                                 ifittio                                            1pp ies::
            3           Measurei@Cam'                                                                                  H
                                                                                               . ........... ... .....
                                                                                                              ...........
                                                                                                                        ..........          .. ....
                                                                 .... ........
                                                                  ................. ................    XXOMP9
                                                                                                                 neift

            4           Plan, operate, and manage normal,        I I AAC 95.220, Detailed Plan of       Detailed Plans of Operations must
            5           ongoing forestry activities              Operations                             show the location of cutting units
            6           (including harvesting, road design                                              and location of surface waters,
            7           and construction, site preparation                                              anadromous fish-bearing waters,
            8           and regeneration, and chemical                                                  stream crossings and roads in
            9           management) to adequately                                                       riparian areas.
            10          protect the aquatic functions of
                        forested wetlands.                       I I AAC 95.260, Riparian               This regulation addresses
                                                                 Standards                              harvesting in riparian wetlands.

                                                                 I I AAC 95.285, Road Location          When feasible, roads must be
                                                                                                        located away from marshes and
                                                                                                        non-forested muskegs to protect
                                                                                                        wetlands values.

                                                                 I I AAC 95.345, Landing Location,      All landings must be located,
                                                                 Construction and Operation             constructed and operated in a
                                                                                                        manner that avoids surface and
                                                                                                        standing waters (except when
                                                                                                        frozen) and minimize the use of
                                                                                                        marshes and non-forested
                                                                                                        muskegs.

                                                                 I I AAC 95.360, Cable Yarding          When yarding across marshes and
                                                                                                        non-forested muskegs, operators
                                                                                                        must make an effort to minimize
                                                                                                        damage to vegetative cover.

                                                                 I I AAC 95.390, Site Preparation       If site preparation is necessary, the
                                                                                                        land owner must minimize
                                                                                                        degradation of surface water
                                                                                                        quality or cause significant harm
                                                                                                        to fish habitat.

                                                                 18 AAC 90.600(b), Permit               Pesticides may not be applied to
                                                                 Requirement application of             the waters of the state or by
                                                                 Pesticide to water                     airplane, helicopter or hovcrcraft
                                                                                                        without a permit







                     Executive Summary, page 38









            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                         August1995



             URBAN/COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT MEASURES




                               ..... . .........
                                                                                                                       .... .......... ...........
                 .... ... ... . . ..........
                                                                                                                     ..............
                                    M
                                       ANAG MENT:*

                                                                                                                           ...........
                                                                                                                 ..........
                                                                                                             ...............
                                                                                    @@e:l asure'..*-                  ...... ...............
              ... ............ ......                                                                                            .........
                                                                               eef:@
                         ... .......
                 ............. ..............

                                                                ...... . . . .                                                   .... ..
                                                               ... .......
                                                                               ........... ...........        ......
                                                                                                                     ..............
                 easure   %in Poneni.:;::-
                 . ........                                                                         It-A
                                                                                       ............ ...... pp.' 1
                                                                                     ...............-
               (1a) By design or performance:                                                  80% removal of TSS is not
               after construction has been                                                     attainable even when the Best
    7          completed and the site is                                                       Management Practices (BMPs)
               permanently stabilized, reduce the                                              judged to be most cost effective
               average annual total suspended                                                  for Alaska's communities are
               solid (TSS) loadings by 80                                                      implemented. See attached report
               percent.                                                                        Assessment of Stormwater Controls
                                                                                               in Coastal Alaska. Further,
                                                                                               Alaska State Water Quality
                                                                                               Standards do not include TSS as a
                                                                                               criterion. Until sufficient runoff
                                                                                               data is gathered to develop an
                                                                                               economically achievable
                                                                                               alternative measure, Alaska will
                                                                                               follow an interim measure for new
                                                                                               development:
                                                                                               The data gathering is estimated to
                                                                                               take I to 3 years, depending on
                                                                                               funding.
    2          By design or performance: reduce                                                This component can probably be
    3          the postdevelopment loadings of                                                 met in Southcentral Alaska and in
    4          TSS so that the average annual                                                  residential and industrial
    5          TSS loadings are no greater than                                                development in Southeast Alaska.
    6          predevelopment loadings.                                                        It probably cannot be met in
                                                                                               western or northern Alaska. Until
                                                                                               sufficient rainfall runoff and
                                                                                               snowmelt data can be gathered to
                                                                                               develop an alternative measure,
                                                                                               the State will follow an interim

                                                                                               measure.











                                                                                               Executive Summary, page 39



                                                                                                                                 1








                          COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                               August 1995


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                                                                                                                                     .. ......... ...........
                             ............
                                    ..............                                     . .......                     .... ........
                                                                                   ....... .....-
                                                                .......... ....... ..
                                                                                                                                       C.- -
                                                                                             . . . ...... .
                                                      ........... ............       .......  ...... ......                 pp tes4i: omponent:
                          . ............. re::@.:OMIDOrien:......  ......*....... ......I        -        :::: *. H    It A    I- "t
                                                                                ... ....... ... .
                                                    ................ . ..... . . .... ...... ........ ...... ....... ......
               4          mtasu     C                                C.
                                                                                          .......                 0W
                                                                     ........... ..... .....
               1          To the extent practicable, maintain                                                    This component is linked to the
               2          postdevelopment peak runoff rate                                                       previous two components, which
               3          and average volume at levels that                                                      are not economically achievable in
               4          are similar to predevelopment                                                          Alaska. Therefore, the State will
               5          levels.                                                                                develop an alternative measure that
                                                                                                                 is appropriate for Alaska. In the
                                                                                                                 meantime, the State will follow the
                                                                                                                 interim measure listed next.





                                                    .................
                                                                                                   . ...... . . .......
                          ........ ......
               6                                                                        :RAI N FALL: iANUZ N O:.WM ELT..RUN O*FF......."....,
                                                                                                            .... ..........
                          ................
                                                                                                                                 .............-.....  .............-....
                          ..........  ....                                                                       ........... . ..........  .................... .........
                          ..................
                                      ..........
                           ................ .                        FROM @NEWiOEVELOPME
               7
                                                                ........ ..
                                                                .................. ....... :x.- .......
                           ............ ................ .............. ...... .....I...................            .....
                          .................. ......... ...... .......... .. ............ .......

                                                                                                           ..........                  ........ ................
                                                                                                                     ... -- - ........ ..  .......... ............
                          ..................        ............... ...............                 .... ......      ... ........................... ...........
                                                    .........  S- .....                          .........            . .. ............ ......
                                                                              th
                           .......... . . . . . . . ............ ....... .........                                                               .......
               8                                                                    Th     f                                                     ......
                                                                e Au th on      es.       a  Me t "the
                          ......  ........                      ...     ..........                OV::
                                                                ................................. . ...... .................... ..... ... ........
                            ..... .....
                                                                                                                                              .......     .........
                                                                                                                                 ...............  ..................... ......-...

                                                                                                                                    ....... ...........
               9
                                                                                                        ofid@I   Jc        Q
                                                                                                      p
                                                                                                                             ....... .............. ...... ...
            10            By design or                          18 AAC 15.180,             When an Army Corp of Engineers section 404 permit
            I I           performance,   after                  Certification for Other    is required, ADEC must issue a certificate of
            12            construction has been                 Federal Licenses and       reasonable assurance, authorized under 18 AAC
            13            completed and the site is             Permits                    15.180, that such activities will meet State Water
            14            permanently stabilized,                                          Quality Standards, including criteria for sediments.
            15            reduce turbidity and                                             The department may attach conditions or terms to the
            16            settleable solids to the                                         permit to ensure compliance.
            17            maximum extent
            18            practicable.                          18 AAC 72.500,             Plans for controlling runoff from a construction site
                                                                Nondomestic Wastewater     must be approved by the department under 18
                                                                Permit                     72.500. This regulation gives ADEC adequate
                                                                                           authority to control erosion and offsite movement
                                                                                           from project sites.

                                                                18 AAC 72.600,             Projects that construct, operate, or modify
                                                                Nondomestic Wastewater     nondomestic wastewater treatment works or disposal
                                                                System Plan Review         systems (including stormwater controls) must have
                                                                                           ADEC approval of engineering plans.

                                                                6 AAC 80.130, Habitats     Development projects in the habitats identified in 6
                                                                                           AAC 80.130 must maintain or enhance the biological,
                                                                                           physical and chemical characteristics that contribute
                                                                                           to the capacity to support life, unless there is a
                                                                                           significant public need, no feasible or prudent
                                                                                           alternative exists, and all feasible and prudent steps
                                                                                           have been taken to maximize conformance with the
                                                                                           standards of the regulation.


                          Executive Summary, page 40


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft            August 1995

6
7

8

9



INTERIM MANAGEMENT MEASURE: RAINFALL AND SNOWMELT RUNOFF
FROM NEW DEVELOPMENT

State Authorities That Meet the Measure

Measure Component


Citation

AS 19.10.160, Standard
Plans and Specifications


How It Applies to Component

AS 19.10.160 requires the Alaska Department of
Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT/PF) to
adhere to standards of the American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO) as closely as practicable.  DOT/PF
Highway Preconstruction Manual adopts by reference
AASHTO vol. III, Erosion and Sediment Control on
Highway Construction Projects.  DOT/PF also adopts
by reference all other volumes of the AASHTO
Highway Drainage Guidelines, including vol. X,
Guidelines for Evaluating Highway Effects on Surface 
Water Environments.  DOT/PF Standard
Specifications for Highway Construction includes a 
section "Temporary Erosion and Pollution
Control."


1

2

3

4
5
6
7
8

MANAGEMENT MEASURE:  WATERSHED PROTECTION

State Authorities That Meet the Measure

Measure Component

Develop a watershed protection
program to: (1)Avoid conversion, to
the extent practicable, of areas that are
particularly susceptible to erosion and
sediment loss.


Citation

6 AAC 50, Conclusive
Consistency
Determination

6 AAC 85.010-110,
Guidelines for District
Coastal Management
Programs


How It Applies to Component

Under the Alaska Coastal Management
Program, activities in or affecting the
coastal zone that require a permit must
receive a conclusive consistency
determination (6 AAC 50).

Under the Alaska Coastal Management
Program, local coastal district programs
support, or act as surrogates for,
comprehensive plans.  Coastal district
plans include:  a discussion of issues,
goals and objectives, a resource
inventory and analysis, and a list of
enforceable policies that carry out the
intent of the goals and objectives.  For
example, the enforceable policies can
require that development not be sited in
riparian areas or sensitive habitats.


Executive Summary, page 41









                     COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                          August 1996


                                                  .........................
                                                   ...... .... .. ..... ...
                                                                                                                                             ..........
                                        MANAGEMENTM                . .... .. I. .. ..                                                        . . . . . .......
                                                                   EASUREi,@@@@.WATERSHED....PROTECTION:::                                   ........
                                                                                                                   ..........
                       ........... .........
                       ..................
                                                                                                                ...............

                                                                                                                                      .. ........
            2                    ................                                                                                    .........
                                                      tat   Authbrities.,TNA Mee: e                   easure:          ..........

                                                                                                    .. ......... .........-
                                                                                                 ... .............. .. ..........
                                        ..........                                                 .........
                                                                                                        ......    .............. .............
                                                                                                                                             .............
                                                                                                                                             ...............
            3          @4easur`C@-: Omp                                                                                                      .......
                                                               ....                                                :to
                       .... .. ......
                                                                                                               P.. ..... ....

                                                                     AS 46.40.210, Areas           Special area management plans can be
                                                                     Which Merit Special           written for areas with: (1) significant
                                                                     Attention                     erosion; (2) high natural productivity or
                                                                                                   essential habitat; and (3) the need to
                                                                                                   protect, maintain or replenish coastal
                                                                                                   lands and resources (AS 46.40.210).
                                                                                                   These management plans allow more
                                                                                                   specificity in resource assessment and
                                                                                                   enforceable policies than coastal district
                                                                                                   programs.
                       (2) Preserve areas that provide               6 AAC 50, Conclusive          Under the Alaska Coastal Management
            2          important water quality benefits and/or       Consistency                   Program, activities in or affecting the
            3          are necessary to maintain riparian and        Determination                 coastal zone that require a permit must
            4,         aquatic biota.                                                              receive a conclusive consistency
                                                                                                   determination.

                                                                     6 AAC 80.130, Habitats        Development in important upland
                                                                                                   habitat, wetlands, riparian areas,
                                                                                                   estuaries, rivers, streams and lakes must
                                                                                                   maintain or enhance the biological,
                                                                                                   physical and chemical characteristics
                                                                                                   that contribute to the capacity to
                                                                                                   support life, unless there is a significant
                                                                                                   public need, no feasible or prudent
                                                                                                   alternative exists and all feasible and
                                                                                                   prudent steps have been taken to
                                                                                                   maximize conformance with the
                                                                                                   regulation.

                                                                     AS 46.40.210, Areas           Special area management plans can be
                                                                     Which Merit Special           written for areas with: (1) significant
                                                                     Attention                     erosion; (2) high natural productivity or
                                                                                                   essential habitat; and (3) the need to
                                                                                                   protect, maintain or replenish coastal
                                                                                                   lands and resources (AS 46.40.210).
                                                                                                   These management plans allow more
                                                                                                   specificity in resource assessment and
                                                                                                   enforceable policies than coastal district
                                                                                                   programs.






                     Executive Summary, page 42


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                 August 1995



1

2

3


1
2
3
4
5


Measure Component

(3) Site development, including roads,           
highways, and bridges, to protect to the     
extent practicable the natural integrity
of waterbodies and natural drainage
systems.


Citation

AS 16.20 &                     
5 AAC 95.400 -                 
.440,                          
Special Areas Statutes 
and regulations

11 AAC 53.450,   
Buffer Strips 

6 AAC 50, Conclusive           
Consistency 
Determination

6 AAC 85.010-.110,
Guidelines for District
Coastal Management             
Programs

6 AAC 80.040, Coastal
Development

6 AAC 80.080,
Transportation and
Utilities

How It Applies to Component

AS 16.20 and 5 AAC 95.400-.440
protect and preserve the natural habitats
of critical habitat areas, game refuges
and sanctuaries.
                                                                 
11 AAC 53.450 applies to State land
subdivided by the Department of
Natural Resources for disposal to the
public. The regulation requires that
public access easements along navigable
waters must, where possible, include a
strip of undisturbed vegetation.

Under the Alaska Coastal Management
Program, activities in or affecting the
coastal zone that require a permit must
receive a conclusive consistency
determination (6 AAC 50).

Under the Alaska Coastal Management
Program, local coastal district programs
support, or act as surrogates for,
comprehensive plans. Coastal district
plans include: a discussion of issues,
goals and objectives, a resource
inventory and analysis, and a list of
enforceable policies that carry out the
intent of the goals and objectives. For
example, the enforceable policies can
require that development not be sited in
riparian areas or sensitive habitats.
6 AAC 80.040 directs development
away from shorelines unless the
development is water-dependent and
water-related.
Transportation and utility routes and
facilities must be sited inland from
beaches and shorelines unless they are
water-dependent or no feasible or
I prudent inland alternative exists
                                                                                                 


Executive Summary, page 43 


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                 August 1995

1

2

3


MANAGEMENT MEASURE: WATERSHED PROTECTION

State Authorities That Meet the Measure

Measure Compononent


Citation

6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

AS 46.40.210, Areas
Which Merit Special
Attention


How It Applies to Component

Development in the habitats identified
in 6 AAC 80.130 must maintain or
enhance the biological, physical and
chemical characteristics that contribute
to the capacity to support life, unless
there is a significant public need, no
feasible or prudent alternative exists,
and all feasible and prudent steps have
been taken to maximize conformance
with the standards of the regulation.

Special area management plans can be 
written for areas with: (1)significant
erosion, (2)high natural productivity or
essential habitat; and (3)the need to
protect, maintain or replenish coastal
lands and resources (AS 46.40.210).
These management plans allow more 
specificity in resource assessment and
enforceable policies than coastal district
programs.

1

2

3


4
5
6
7



MANAGEMENT MEASURE:  SITE DEVELOPMENT

State Authorities That Meet the Measure

Measure Component

(1)Protect areas that provide important
water quality benefits and/or are
particularly susceptible to erosion and
sediment loss.


Citation

6 AAC 50, Conclusive
Consistency
Determination

6 AAC 80.050,
Geophysical Hazard
Areas


How It Applies to Component

Under the Alaska Coastal Management
Program, activities in or affecting the
coastal zone that require a permit must
receive a conclusive consistency
determination.

Development in areas that are
particularly susceptible to erosion and
sediment loss as identified by a district,
must be sited, designed and constructed 
to minimize property damage and loss
of life.


Executive Summary, page 44





COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft               August 1995


1

2

3


MANAGEMENT MEASURE: SITE DEVELOPMENT

State Authorities That Meet the Measure


Measure Component


Citation

6 AAC 80.130,
Habitats

AS 16.05.870,
Protection of Fish and
Game

AS 16.20 and 5 AAC
95.400-.440, Special
Areas

AS 19.10.160, Standard
Plans and Specifications


How It Applies to Component

Development in the habitats identified 
in 6 AAC 80.130 must maintain or 
enhance the biological, physical and
chemical characteristics that contribute
to the capacity to support life, unless 
there is a significant public need, no
feasible or prudent alternative exists,
and all feasible and prudent steps have
been taken to maximize conformance
with the regulation.

Projects which change the flow, occur
within, or cross a stream containing
anadromous fish must properly protect
fish habitat.

Establishes critical habitat areas, game
refuges and sanctuaries.

Alaska Department of Transportation
and Public Facilities (DOT/PF) must
adhere to standards of the American
Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) as
closely as practicable.  DOT/PF
Highway Preconstruction Manual
adopts by reference AASHTO vol. III,
Erosion and Sediment Control on
Highway Construction Projects.
DOT/PF also adopts by reference all
other volumes of the AASHTO
Highway Drainage Guidelines,
including vol. X, Guidelines for
Evaluating Highway Effects on Surface 
Water Environments.  DOT/PF
Standard Specification for Highway
Construction includes a section on
"Temporary Erosion and Pollution
Control."


Executive Summary, page 45



COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                  August 1995


1

2

3


1
2

Measure Component

(2)Limit increases of impervious
areas, except where necessary.


Citation

6 AAC 50, Conclusive
Consistency
Determination

6 AAC 80.050,
Geophysical Hazard
Areas

6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

AS 16.05.870,
Protection of Fish and
Game

AS 16.20 and 5 AAC
95.400-.440, Special
Areas


How It Applies to Component

Under the Alaska Coastal Management
Program, activities in or affecting the
coastal zone that require a permit must
receive a conclusive consistency
determination.

Development in areas that are
particularly susceptible to erosion and
sediment loss, as identified by a district,
must be sited, designed and constructed
to minimize property damage and loss
of life.

Development in the habitats identified
in 6 AAC 80.130 must maintain or 
enhance the biological, physical and
chemical characteristics that contribute 
to the capacity to support life, unless
there is a significant public need, no
feasible or prudent alternative exists,
and all feasible and prudent steps have
been taken to maximize conformance
with the standards of the regulation.

Projects which change the flow, occur
within, or cross a stream containing
anadromous fish must properly protect
fish habitat.

Establishes critical habitat areas, game
refuges and sanctuaries.


Executive Summary, page 46








             COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                         August 1995


                                                                                                                  . . ...........
                                                                                                           . ..........  ........
                ..........                                                                                                     . .......
                    ..............
                                                                               SITE
                                      MANAGEMENT MEASURE

                               . ..........                                                              ..........-
                                                                                           .................... ............. ..........  ...............
                                                                                                                 ......... ... .........  .............-
                                                    Aut    or't'**                                                             ..........
                                                                                                                              .................
     2                                       tAt6.::      h          @,.T    M        h    M                                          ..........
                                                              I ies.            eqtl e.*@ easy ...
                                                                      ............
                                                               ... ........ .-....

                                                                                                                      ........... .. . .....
             ...............-..........   ......
                          ............... .............         ..........                                                 ..........
                                                                            ..... .........
                                                                            ....-.....- ........                             ... ........... ..
                                                                            ......................
                                                .................
                                                                            .. .......                                                ........
                  asurCl-om           t
     3        . ......... Q p9nen                                                   ......
                                      .............                                                                         ......
                                                                                                                                      .......... .
              ....               . ......-             ....... .......
                     ............-...............I ...... ...........  ..........  .........          ......................... .
                                          . ... . . ................... ..... .......... ...........  -- .... . ....
                                                                            . . .................... ..........
                        ..........  .......                                                                     ...........           .....
                     .... .. .......                                                                      ...... ................ ... ...............
                                                                                                                                ..............

                                                             AS 19.10.160, Standard       The Alaska Department of
                                                             Plans and Specifications     Transportation and Public Facilities
                                                                                          (DOTIPF) must adhere to standards of
                                                                                          the American Association of State
                                                                                          Highway and Transportation Officials
                                                                                          (AASHTO) as closely as practicable.
                                                                                          DOT/PF Highway Preconstruction
                                                                                          Manual adopts by reference AASHTO
                                                                                          vol. 111, Erosion and Sediment Control
                                                                                          on Highway Construction Projects.
                                                                                          DOTIPF also adopts by reference all
                                                                                          other volumes of the AASHTO
                                                                                          Highway Drainage Guidelines,
                                                                                          including vol. X, Guidelines for
                                                                                          Evaluating Highway Effects on I
                                                                                          Surface Water Environments. DOT/PF
                                                                                          Standard Specifications for Highway
                                                                                          Construction includes a section on
                                                                                          "Temporary Erosion and Pollution
                                                                                          Control."

     1         (3) Limit land disturbance activities         6 AAC 50, Conclusive         Under the Alaska Coastal Management
     2         such as clearing and grading, and cut         Consistency                  Program, activities in or affecting the
     3         and fill to reduce erosion and sediment       Determination                coastal zone that require a permit must
     4         loss.                                                                      receive a conclusive consistency
                                                                                          determination.

                                                             6 AAC $0.050,                Development in areas that are
                                                             Geophysical Hazard           particularly susceptible to erosion and
                                                             Areas                        sediment loss, as identified by a district,
                                                                                          must be sited, designed and constructed
                                                                                          to minimize property damage and loss
                                                                                          of life (6 AAC 80.050).












                                                                                              Executive Summary, page 47



                                                                                                                                      1









                      COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                         August 1995


                                                                                                                   ........  ...
                                                                        .... ... .... ..... ..  ........         ..............
                                                                                                                ..........
                                ...............-........               ......    . . ........


                                                                                                    .. ...........          .........
                      ................. .......................... ...................
                                  ....................................... ... .... ...... . ........
                                                                  ..........             ...... ......                               ...... ..........
                                                                            ....                                         . .....

                                                                                                                         ...........
                                                                                        ee
                                                                                     -M tth
            2
                                                                               ..........  ... ....          ......-.....
                                                                                                                                            ...... . . . .
                                                                           ........ ...
                                                                                                                                            ... .......
                                                                       ..........                                                 ............
                                                                                                               .... .................
                       M            .................  ..........                                                        .......
                                                      .. ................
                                                      . .......                  ....
                                                                                                 @MOW@@: CA ivsi@10,:@@Comvo
                          easure. Com                                  it ti
            3                     C                         .............C                              I' nn]
                                                                             .............. ..... ......
                                                                                                  .......... ........ ..................


                                                                     6 AAC 80.130, Habitats       Development in the habitats identified
                                                                                                  in 6 AAC 80.130 must maintain or
                                                                                                  enhance the biological, physical and
                                                                                                  chemical characteristics that contribute
                                                                                                  to the capacity to support life, unless
                                                                                                  there is a significant public need, no
                                                                                                  feasible or prudent alternative exists,
                                                                                                  and all feasible and prudent steps have
                                                                                                  been taken to maximize conformance
                                                                                                  with the standards of the regulation.

                                                                     AS 16.05.870,                Projects which change the flow, occur
                                                                     Protection of Fish and       within, or cross a strewn containing
                                                                     Game                         anadromous fish must properly protect
                                                                                                  fish habitat.

                                                                     AS 16.20 and 5 AAC           Establishes critical habitat areas, game
                                                                     95.400-.440, Special         refuges and sanctuaries.
                                                                     Areas

                                                                     AS 19.10.160, Standard       The Alaska Department of
                                                                     Plans and Specifications     Transportation and Public Facilities
                                                                                                  (DOTIPF).must adhere to standards of
                                                                                                  the American Association of State
                                                                                                  Highway and Transportation Officials
                                                                                                  (AASHTO) as closely as practicable.
                                                                                                  DOTIPF Highway Preconstruction
                                                                                                  Manual adopts by reference AASHTO
                                                                                                  vol. 111, Erosion and Sediment Control
                                                                                                  on Highway Construction Projects.
                                                                                                  DOT/PF also adopts by reference all
                                                                                                  other volumes of the AASHTO
                                                                                                  Highway Drainage Guidelines,
                                                                                                  including vol. X, Guidelinesfor
                                                                                                  Evaluating Highway Effects on I
                                                                                                  Surface Water Environments. DOT/PF
                                                                                                  Standard Specifications for Highway
                                                                                                  Construction includes a section on
                                                                                                  "Temporary Erosion and Pollution
                                                                                                  Control".






                     Executive Summary, page 48


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft               August 1995


1

2

3


1
2



3
4


MANAGEMENT MEASURE: SITE DEVELOPMENT

State Authorities That Meet the Measure

Measure Component

(4)Limit disturbance of natural
drainage features and vegetation.

(4 cont.)Limit disturbance of natural
drainage features and vegetation.


Citation

6 AAC 50, Conclusive
Consistency
Determination

6 AAC 80.050,
Geophysical Hazard
Areas

6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

AS 16.05.870,
Protection of Fish and
Game

AS 16.20 and 5 AAC
95.400-.440, Special
Areas


How It Applies to Component

Under the Alaska Coastal Management
Program, activities in or affecting the
coastal zone that require a permit must
receive a conclusive consistency
determination.

Development in areas that are
particularly susceptible to erosion and
sediment loss, as identified by a district,
must be sited, designed and constructed
to minimize property damage and loss
of life (6 AAC 80.050).

Development in the habitats identified
in 6 AAC 80.130 must maintain or
enhance the biological, physical and
chemical characteristics that contribute
to the capacity to support life, unless
there is a significant public need, no
feasible or prudent alternative exists,
and all feasible and prudent steps have
been taken to maximize conformance
with the standards of the regulation.

Projects which change the flow, occur
within, or cross a stream containing
anadromous fish must properly protect
fish habitat.

Establishes critical habitat areas, game
refuges and sanctuaries.


Exectuvie Summary, page 49

COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE:  SITE DEVELOPMENT

2	State Authorities That Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component



Citation

AS 19.10.160, Standard
Plans and Specifications

AS 19.10.230,
Construction of
Highway Ditches


How It Applies to Component

The Alaska Department of
Transportation and Public Facilities
(DOT/PF) must adhere to standards of
the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO) as closely as practicable.
DOT/PF Highway Preconstruction
Manual adopts by reference AASHTO
vol. III, Erosion and Sediment Control
on Highway Construction Projects.
DOT/PF also adops by reference all
other volumes of the AASHTO
Highway Drainage Guidelines,
including vol. X, Guidelines for
Evaluating Highway Effects on 1
Surface Water Environments.  DOT/PF
Standard Specifications for Highway
Construction includes a section on
"Temporary Erosion and Pollution
Control".

Highway ditches must be designed so as
to preserve the natural flow and
drainage of surface water.


Executive Summary, page 50


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN,Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: CONSTRUCTION SITE
2	EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

3	State Authorities That Meet the Measure

4	Measure Component

5	(1) Reduce erosion and, to the extent
6	practicable, retain sediment onsite
7	during and after construction.


	Citation

	18 AAC 15.180,
	Certification for Other
	Federal Licenses and
	Permits

	18 AAC 72.500-
	.600,
	Nondomestic
	Wastewater & System
	Plan Review

	6 AAC 50, Conclusive
	Consistency
	Determination

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats


	How It Applies to Component

	When an Army Corp of Engineers
	section 404 permit is required, DEC
	must issue a certificate of reasonable
	assurance, authorized under 18 AAC
	15.180, that such activities will meet
	State Water Quality Standards,
	including criteria for sediments.  The
	department may attach conditions or
	terms to the permit to ensure
	compliance.

	Plans for controlling runoff from a
	construction site must be approved by
	ADEC under 18 72.500 and 18 AAC
	72.600.  These regulations give the
	department adequate authority to
	control erosion and offsite movement
	from project sites.

	Under the Alaska Coastal Management
	Program, activities in or affecting the
	coastal zone that require a permit must
	receive a conclusive consistency
	determination.

	Because much of construction in Alaska
	is in wetlands or could affect wetlands,
	it must be consistent with the Alaska
	Coastal Management Program Standards
	(6 AAC 80).  The Habitats standard, 6
	AAC 80.130 requires that the
	construction activity assure adequate
	oxygen levels in water, and avoid
	adverse effects on natural drainage
	patterns, the destruction of important
	habitat and the discharge of toxic
	substances.  Construction in estuaries
	must avoid the discharge of silt and the
	destruction of productive habitat.


Executive Summary, page 51


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: CONSTRUCTION SITE
2	EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
3	State Authorities That Meet the Measure
4	Measure Component

1	(2) Prior to land disturbance, prepare
2	and implement an approved erosiion
3	and sediment control plan or similar
4	administrative document that containes
5	eroision and sediment control
6	provisions.


	Citation

	AC 80.140, Air,
	Land, and Water
	Quality

	6 AAC 80.050,
	Geophysical Hazard
	Areas

	AS 16.05, 870,
	Protection of Fish and
	Game

	18 AAC 15.180,
	Certification for Other
	Federal Licenses and
	Permits

	6 AAC 50, Conclusive
	Consistency
	Determination


	How It Applies to Component

	6 AAC 80.140, Air, Land, and Water
	Quality standard, incorporates by
	reference the authorities of ADEC.

	Development in areas that are
	particularly susceptible to erosion and
	sediment loss, as identified by a district,
	must be sited, designed and constructed
	to miniminze property damage and loss
	of life.

	Construction that changes the flow,
	occurs within, or crosses a stream
	containing anadromous fish must
	properly protect fish habitat.

	When an Army Corp of Engineers
	section 404 permit is required, DEC
	must issue a certificate of reasonable
	assurance, authorized under 18 AAC
	15.180, that such activities will meet
	State Water Quality Standards,
	including criteria for sediments.  ADEC
	may attach conditions or terms to the
	permit to ensure compliance.

	Under the Alaska Coastal Management
	Program, activities in or affecting the
	coastal zone that require a permit must
	receive a conclusive consistency
	determination.


Executive Summary, page 52


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: CONSTRUCTION SITE CHEMICAL CONTROL
2	State Authorities That Meet the Measure
3	Measure Component

4	(1) Limit application, generation, and
5	migration of toxic substances.


	Citation

	AS 46.03.740, Oil
	Pollution


	18 AAC 15.180,
	Certification for Other
	Federal Licenses and
	Permits


	18 AAC 90.005-.035,
	Pesticide Applicator
	Certification


	18 AAC 90.430,
	Pesticide Prohibitions


	6 AAC 50, Conclusive
	Consistency 
	Determination


	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats
	

	6 AAC 80.140, Air,
	Land, and Water
	Quality


	How It Applies to Component

	Discharge of oil is prohibited under AS
	46.03.740 except by permit.


	When an Army Corp of Engineers
	section 404 permit is required, ADEC
	must issue a certificate of reasonable
	assurance, as authorized under 18 AAC
	15.180, that such activities will meet
	State Water Quality Standards,
	including criteria for toxic substances,
	petroleum hydrocarbons, oils, grease
	and residues.  The department may
	attach conditions or terms to the permit
	to ensure compliance.


	Restricted use pesticide applicators must
	receive training in the proper use,
	storage and disposal of pesticides.


	No person may: (1) improperly store,
	abandon, transport or dispose of
	pesticides; (2) use pesticides in a
	manner that is inconsistent with the
	label or in violation of AS 46; or (3)
	operate faulty or unsafe application
	equipment.


	Pesticide use on public projects, aerial
	application of pesticides, and
	application of pesticides to water in or
	affecting the coastal zone are subject to
	Alaska Coastal Management Program
	consistency review.


	Construction in estuaries, wetlands and
	tideflats must avoid the discharge of
	toxic wastes and substances;
	construction in rivers, streams and lakes
	must protect water quality.


	The Alaska Coastal Management
	Progrram incorporates by reference
	ADEC's authorities.


Executive Summary, page 53

	

COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: CONSTRUCTION SITE CHEMICAL CONTROL

2	State Authorities That Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

1	(2) Ensure the proper storage and
2	disposal of toxic materials


	Citation

	AS 16.05.870,
	Protection of Fish and
	Game

	AS 19.10.160, Standard
	Plans and Specifications

	18 AAC 90.600-.640,
	Pesticide Permit
	Requirements

	18 AAC 90.430,
	Pesticide
	Prohibitions

	18 AAC 15.180,
	Certification for Other
	Federal Licenses and
	Permits


	How It Applies to Component

	Under the Department of Fish and
	Game's Title 16 authorities,
	construction that will pollute
	anadromous fish-bearing rivers, streams,
	and lakes must submit a complete plan
	and specifications with proper
	protection of fish.

	The Department of Transportation and
	Public Facilities (DOT/PF) Standard
	Specifications for Highway Construction
	requires a soil analysis to ensure
	that only the proper amount of fertilizer
	is applied to revegetated disturbed
	areas.

	No public pesticide project is approved
	unless ADEC has issued a permit.

	No person may store, transport,
	abandon, or dispose of a pesticide in a
	manner that might endanger public
	health, safety, or welfare, or the
	environment.  No person may use a
	pesticide that is inconsistent with the
	labeling instructions.

	When an Army Corp of Engineers
	section 404 permit is required, ADEC
	must issue a certificate of reasonable
	assurance, as authorized under 18 AAC
	15.180, that such activities will meet
	State Water Quality Standards,
	including criteria for toxic substances,
	petroleum hydrocarbons, oils, grease
	and residues.  ADEC may attach
	conditions or terms to the permit to
	ensure compliance.


Executive Summary, page 54


	










             COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                        August 1995


                   ... ............. .. ... ..... . .....
                               ..............                                                                                   ...........
              ...........
              ...,.,...............@MANAGEMENT.@MEASURE:..@CONSTRUCTION@:.SITE.,C                      ICAL..
                                                      ...............
              ... .....                       ...  ... .....

                     ................

                                                                                                                               ......... ..
                                                                                                        ............  .......
                     ....... .....                                  *Th* t M               M
                                                   Authotitie's.i.... a         e0lhbi@@ easure                       ......-
                         .............
                                                                                                                               ..... ..... .

                . ..........................
                                                                   on
                                                                                                     P eiio@@vomponent:::::::,:
                                                                                           O*ItA , li                         ............ .
                                                    ............. ... . .. ......  ............
                                                  ...............
                                                                                             ............... ....
                                                                                                 ....... .. .     ... ...
                                                                 ..................... .... .. ... ..
                                                                                                                            ....................
                                                                                                                       ..........
                                                                                                 ..........-....... .............. .........

                                                             18 AAC 90.005-.035,         As required by 18 AAC 90.005-.035,
                                                             Pesticide Applicator        restricted use pesticide applicators
                                                             Certification               receive training in the proper use,
                                                                                         storage and disposal of pesticides.

                                                             18 AAC 90.420,              18 AAC 90.420 outlines proper
                                                             Storage and Disposal of     pesticide storage and disposal
                                                             Pesticides and              procedures.
                                                             Containers

                                                             18 AAC 60.015,              Accumulation and Storage of Solid
                                                             Accumulation and            Waste regulation under 18 AAC 60.015
                                                             Storage of Solid Waste      outlines the proper solid waste storage
                                                                                         and disposal procedures.

                                                             18 AAC 60.087,              Hazardous waste must be disposed of in
                                                             18 AAC 62, Haza dous        an approved facility and follow
                                                             Waste                       Resource Conservation and Recovery
                                                                                         Act (RCRA) requirements respectively.

                                                             6 AAC 50, Conclusive        Pesticide use on public projects, aerial
                                                             Consistency                 application of pesticides, and
                                                             Determination               application of pesticides to water in or
                                                                                         affecting the coastal zone are subject to
                                                                                         Alaska Coastal Management Program
                                                                                         consistency review.

                                                             6 AAC 80.130, Habitats      Construction in estuaries, wetlands and
                                                                                         tideflats must avoid the discharge of
                                                                                         toxic wastes and substances;
                                                                                         construction in rivers, streams and lakes
                                                                                         must protect water quality.

                                                             6 AAC 80.140, Air,          The Alaska Coastal Management
                                                             Land, and Water             Program incorporates by reference
                                                             Quality                     ADEC's authorities.

                                                             AS 16.05.8701               Under the Department of Fish and
                                                             Protection of Fish and      Game's Title 16 authorities,
                                                             Game                        construction that will pollute
                                                                                         anadromous fish-bearing rivers, streams,
                                                                                         and lakes must submit a complete plan
                                                                                         and specifications with proper
                                                                                         protection of fish.


                                                                                              Executive Summary, page 55









                            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                        August 1996


                               ..........MANAGEMENT..MEASURE. CONSTRUCTIOU!;SITE@i CHEMICAL: CONTRO'

                                                                                                           .... ........                  ......                    .......
                                                                                                                          ..............                           ....  .......
                                                                     . .........-.....
                                                                                                      ........ . ............ .....                                                   .....
                 2           . ....                                                                                                      ......                     ......... ......
                                            ..........                                                                                                       ......
                                                                 -::::QW       Authorities. ThatUdetA. a.dMeasure
                                                                                                  ...........                   ......
                                           ......   ........... ..                                ...........
                                                                                                                      ........ @MO. JtiAp             I    C              t
                 3                egwre@cbm nent
                                                   po
                                                                                                                                                             omponen
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                                 ......... .... ......... ..... ..........                        .. ................ ...
                                        ...............  ........                                                                                                 . .....          ..........
                                                 .............
                                 .............
                             .............      ........
                                                                                                             ...                   ........                                     .... .. .
                                  .. ... . ............-     XXX
                                                                                          18 AAC 90.600-                        No public pesticide project is approved
                                                                                          .640,       Pesticide                 unless ADEC has issued a permit.
                                                                                          Permit Requirements

                                                                                          18 AAC 90.430,                        No person may store, transport, or
                                                                                          Pesticide Prohibitions                abandon, or dispose of a pesticide in a
                                                                                                                                manner that might endanger public
                                                                                                                                health, safety, or welfare, or the
                                                                                                                                environment. No person may use a
                                                                                                                                pesticide that is inconsistent with the
                                                                                                                                labeling instructions.
                 1            (3) Apply nutrients at rates necessary                      18 AAC 15.180,                        When an Army Corp of Engineers
                 2            to establish and maintain vegetation                        Certification for Other               section 404 permit is required, ADEC
                 3            without causing significant nutrient                        Federal Licenses and                  must issue a certificate of reasonable
                 4            runoff to surface waters.                                   Permits                               assurance, authorized under 18 AAC
                                                                                                                                15.180, that such activities will meet
                                                                                                                                State Water Quality Standards,
                                                                                                                                including criteria for toxic substances,
                                                                                                                                petroleum hydrocarbons, oils, grease
                                                                                                                                and residues. The department may
                                                                                                                                attach conditions or terms to the permit
                                                                                                                                to ensure compliance.

                                                                                          6 AAC 50, Conclusive                  Development in the coastal zone that
                                                                                          Consistency                           requires a state or federal authorization
                                                                                          Determination                         must be consistent with the standards of
                                                                                                                                the Alaska Coastal Management
                                                                                                                                Program.

                                                                                          80.130, Habitats                      Construction in estuaries, wetlands and
                                                                                                                                tideflats must avoid the discharge of
                                                                                                                                toxic wastes and substances;
                                                                                                                                construction in rivers, streams and lakes
                                                                                                                                must protect water quality.

                                                                                          6 AAC 80.140, Air,                    The Alaska Coastal Management
                                                                                          Land, and Water                       Program incorporates by reference
                                                                                          Quality                               ADEC's authorities.






                            Executive Summary, page 56









                COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                        August 1995


                                       ............ .........  .......           .. ...... ...... .........   .......
                                                                                         .. ........ . . ...... ... .....................
                         MANAGEMENT ...MEASURE.                                  CONSTRUCTIOW:. ITE CHEMICAL

                             ............                                                  ..... .                                           . ... ...
                       ..........                                                                                         ..............
                                                                                                                                             ...........
                    ..................                                                                                    ......
                                                                                                                                                             ............-...
                                                                         t                  h t M                   e::: easure:                             .........
                    ........ .... .. ........             tAte Au'h'                     -T            eet th         M                ......-
       2            ....             ..... ....................                  oflties:..     @a

                    ....                                     ............  ....... .........                                                           .............
                                                                                                                    lHow.. 'It. @A
                    ... easuri. omp                             ..    -                              .. .                            I
                                                                .................
                                                                                 'C                                                                                     ......
       3            ...

                                                                                                                    . ...............
                                                                ...........                                                                               ..................
                    ..... ................... .... ... ..........-................
                                                                                 AS 16.05.870,                      Under the Department of Fish and
                                                                                 Protection of Fish and             Game's Title 16 authorities,
                                                                                 Game                               construction that will pollute
                                                                                                                    anadromous fish-bearing rivers, streams,
                                                                                                                    and lakes must submit a complete plan
                                                                                                                    and specifications with proper
                                                                                                                    protection of fish.
       1            (3 cont.) Apply nutrients at rates                           AS 19.10.160, Standard             The Department of Transportation and
       2            necessary to establish and maintain                          Plans and Specifications           Public Facilities (DOT/PF) Standard
       3            vegetation without causing significant                                                          Specifications for Highway Construction
       4            nutrient runoff to surface waters.                                                              requires a soils analysis to ensure
                                                                                                                    that only the proper amount of fertilizer
                                                                                                                    is applied to revegetated disturbed
                                                                                                                    areas.





                                                                                                  ... ... ..... . .......
                                                                                                                                                            ............
                                                                                                                                                           .... . .. ......
       5

                                ............
                                                                                                     ..........
                                                                       ...............                                                    ......
                              ............ . .. ..... . . ... . ....... ....     . . ... ....           .... ....... ...
                           ................
       6                     ... ...                                                                                                                                 ..........
                                                                                                                                             .................. .........I........ .
                                                                                                                                              ..................... .................. ...
                                                           Eate.. Authorities Th                   @M       t Ith     M*
                          ............                                                     ..... atJ ee,.::. e,:::, easure:
                                                                                 ........ ... ....
                                                                                                                                                           . .......     .......
                           ............   .......          .......               ......
                                                                                                                                    .............
                                                                                 C-t .. .......
                                                                                 I a    on..--...@........._...
       7            Measure                                                                                                                                             ...... . . . .
                                                                                                                                                      P9
                                                                                                                                         ...........
                                                                                                                                 ...........
                                                                                                   ............
                                                                     ............ ................... ............
                                                                                         .............
                                            ................. .
                                                                   .............. ..
                                                                                 ......................  ........

       8            (1) Identify priority local and/or                                                              The   Department of Environmental
       9            regional watershed pollutant reduction                                                          Conservation is spearheading the
       0            opportunities, e.g., improvements to                                                            development of a watershed protection
       I            existing urban runoff control structures.                                                       framework for identifying pollutant
                                                                                                                    reduction opportunities.

                                                                                                                    As part of the TMDL process, the
                                                                                                                    Department of Environmental
                                                                                                                    Conservation, in conjunction with EPA
                                                                                                                    and stakeholders, is identifying
                                                                                                                    additional pollution controls needed to
                                                                                                                    restore impaired waters.








                                                                                                                          Executive Summary, page 57


                                                                                                                                                                        1









                            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                        August'1995



                                          ... .. ..........
                                    .......          ...
                 5                                      MANAGEMENT!@MEASUREii,,@@EXISTING:..                                                                                     ................
                                                                      ............ ..                 ......
                             ..................                                                                                 ......             .. .....      .......  ...............-........

                                ..........

                                                                                                                                                                                     . . . . . .......
                                                                                                                                                              ..........
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                 6                                                 :.S@@,t,e..Au:thoiities:...Th:a
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                                                                                                                                                              omponen
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                 7            M                             t       .........           .:::,citition                                           Pes'      --            . @ - @ -
                                                                                                                                                       ..........
                                                                           ...........
                                                                                                               .............. ...                    ..........
                                   .......... -.'              ....                                                           * ***           -:,
                                        .............. ................. .......                                              ..............
                                ..... . .....                              . ......                                                                         .........

                                (2) Contain a schedule for                                                                      As part of the TMDL process, the
                                implementing appropriate controls.                                                              Department of Environmental
                                                                                                                                Conservation, in conjunction with EPA
                                                                                                                                and stakeholders, is identifying
                                                                                                                                schedules for implementing additional
                                                                                                                                pollution controls needed to restore
                                                                                                                                impaired waters.
                 3              (3) Limit destruction of natural                          6 AAC 80.158, Areas                   Areas with existing development can be
                 4              conveyance systems.                                       Which Merit Special                   designated Areas Which Merit Special
                                                                                          Attention                             Attention. Enforceable policies
                                                                                                                                contained in AMSA plans can limit the
                                                                                                                                destruction of natural conveyance
                                                                                                                                systems and preserve buffers along
                                                                                                                                surface waters and their tributaries.


                                                                                                                                Another type of special area planning
                                                                                                                                are wetlands management plans.
                                                                                                                                Anchorage and Juneau have
                                                                                                                                implernented these types of plans. The
                                                                                                                                purpose of both these plans is to limit
                                                                                                                                destruction of high value wetlands,
                                                                                                                                which can act as natural conveyance
                                                                                                                                systems.
                 5              (4) Where appropriate, preserve,                                                                Under the Alaska Coastal Management
                 6              enhance, or establish buffers along                       6 AAC 80.158, Areas                   Program, areas with existing
                 7              surface waterbodies and their                             Which Merit Special                   development can be designated Areas
                 8              tributaries.                                              Attention                             Which Merit Special Attention
                                                                                                                                (AMSA). Enforceable policies
                                                                                                                                contained in the AMSA management
                                                                                                                                plan could limit the destruction of
                                                                                                                                natural conveyance systems and
                                                                                                                                preserve buffers along surface waters
                                                                                                                                and their tributaries.











                             Executive Summary, page 58









             COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                  August1995


                                                                                                                  ... . . . ..... ............
                                                                                                                                  .............. .........
                                                                                                D
                            MANAGEMENT@@!M EA*SURE,::*: NEW: ONSITE:
                   ..........                                                                                     . ... ....
                                                                                                                             ... ................ .
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                                                           u.  on ies..         at:.  ee..:,,,:,6:@@ easurq:@i@@ii: ......
                                                   ........ ......
                                                                                                                                         ...........

                                                                                                          ....... .....
                                                                                                    ....................
                                                                                                How
                                                                                                                      C        "PIP:
                                   .......... ....... ..... .-     U
                                                                                                                        ,
                                                                                                         Abipljeiio:@    om              ......
                                          ...............
              :16astirccomp
                                                           ..........
              .... . . ... . ..           .............                ............ ......
              .... .. .. .... ........ .... ............... ...     ... .. .. ......                                                  ..............
                                                                                                     ................
                                             ........... ..                         .....          .......
                       ........ ... ........                                                      .................I...... .........
                    ............. ...........................                                      . .............. ..... .........        ...........
                      .......................                                                                                              ........
                                                                                                                                       .............
                                                                                                    ... .. ..... ......... . ........
                (1) Ensure that new Onsite Disposal              ADEC Onsite Disposal           ADEC is currently drafting regulations
                Systems (OSDS) are located, designed,            System Installer               to require department certification of
                installed, operated, inspected, and              Certification Program          onsite disposal system installing
    7           maintained to prevent the discharge of                                          engineers.
                pollutants to the surface of the ground          18 AAC 72.245,                 Systems which require engineering
                and to the extent practicable reduce the         Construction                   plans must be certified by a
                discharge of pollutants into ground              Certification                  professional engineer to ensure the
                waters that are closely hydrologically                                          system was constructed according to the
                connected to surface waters. Where
    3           necessary to meet these objectives: (a)                                         design plans.
                discourage the installation of garbage           18 AAC 72.255,                 Establishes specifications for domestic
                disposals to reduce hydraulic and                Treatment Plants               wastewater treatment plants.
                nutrient loadings; and (b) where low-
    7           volume plumbing fixtures have not
                been installed in new developments or            18 AAC 72.260,                 Establishes specifications for
                redevelopments, reduce total hydraulic           Stabilization Ponds            stabilization ponds.
                loadings to the OSDS by 25 percent.
                Implement OSDS inspection schedules              18 AAC 72.265,                 Establishes specifications for
    2           for preconstruction, construction, and           Community Soil                 community soil absorption systems.
    3           postconstruction.                                Absorption Systems

                                                                 IS AAC 72.210-235,             Requires ADEC plan review and
                                                                 Domestic Wastewater            approval for the construction,
                                                                 System Plan Review             installation, modification or operation
                                                                                                of onsite disposal systems serving three
                                                                                                or more units, or single family or
                                                                                                duplex conventional onsite disposal
                                                                                                systems if similar systems in nearby
                                                                                                areas have failed, or failure may be
                                                                                                expected due to marginal soils or high
                                                                                                groundwater. Discharge must meet State
                                                                                                Water Quality Standards.












                                                                                                     Executive Summary, page 59


                                                                                                                                            1









                      COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                       August'1995


                          ..........  ....... .. ....
                         ... ........         ........-. .......
                                ..........                                                                                        ..................
                                                                                                                                      ............
                                                                                                                ..:SYST MS
                         ..........
                         ...........
                                    MANAGEMENT-MEASURIE: NEW:IONSITE@DISPOSAL...                                          E            .......
                        ............ ........... .                   .........               .... ..   . ... . .........
                                      ........  ...            ........................... .......  ....
                                                                                                  . . ..........           ........
                                                                                                                      .......... .  ........
                            ... ...........                                                                     ......  ......
                                                           lAuthorifies That@Meotlh6@@!M 46ure...-                        ...

                       ..........
                          ..........              ....... ... ....              ......                                       ....... ........
                                    om                                        ........ .........                                  It
            3          :::Miasuret,               ......
                      ..... I'll.,                         . ....   -                        :::                   o   ompon
                                                              .........      .......  ..........           vp iesi C'
                              ...... .....
                        . .............I......... .... ........-
                           ............ ....... ... ....
                             ................... ..................... .........
                                                                      ...... .....               ....... ....                       ..........
                                                                      . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...                                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

                       2) Direct placement of OSDS away              18 AAC 72.300,              Requires subdivider to submit
            2          from unsuitable areas. Where OSDS             Subdivision Plan            information on the proposed method of
            3          placement in unsuitable areas is not          Review                      providing potable water and disposing
            4          practicable, ensure that the OSDS is                                      of wastewater for each lot. For each lot
            5          designed or sited at a density so as not                                  where onsite disposal is proposed, the
            6          to adversely affect surface waters or                                     subdivider must submit a soils report, a
            7          ground water that is closely                                              pollution abatement report if lot size is
            8          hydrologically connected to surface                                       less than 40,000 square feet, and a map
            9          water. Unsuitable areas include, but                                      showing the location of muskegs,
           10          are not limited to, areas with poorly or                                  intermittent drainages, public and
           11          excessively drained soils;- areas with                                    private drinking water sources, and a
           12          shallow water tables or areas with high                                   delineation of the apparent usable area
           13          seasonal water tables; areas overlaying                                   for wastewater disposal.
           14          fractured bedrock that drain directly to
           15          ground water; areas within floodplains;       18 AAC 72.375,              A subdivision must be planned so that
           16          or areas where nutrient and/or                Pollution Abatement         it will not contribute to nitrate
           17          pathogen concentrations in the effluent       Report                      concentrations in groundwater,
           18          cannot be sufficiently treated or                                         contribute to fecal coliform bacteria
           19          reduced before the effluent reaches                                       contamination or cause other pollutants
           20          sensitive waterbodies.                                                    to exceed water quality standards.
                                                                     18 AAC 72.210-235,          Requires ADEC plan review and
                                                                     Domestic Wastewater         approval for the construction,
                                                                     System Plan Review          installation, modification or operation
                                                                                                 of onsite disposal systems serving three
                                                                                                 or more units, or single family or
                                                                                                 duplex conventional onsite disposal
                                                                                                 systems if similar systems in nearby
                                                                                                 areas have failed, or failure may be
                                                                                                 expected due to marginal soils or high
                                                                                                 groundwater. Discharge must meet
                                                                                                 water quality standards.

                                                                     ADEC Onsite Disposal        ADEC is currently drafting regulations
                                                                     System Installer            to require department certification of
                                                                     Certification Program       onsite disposal system installing
                                                                                                 engineers.








                     Executive Summary, page 60








             COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                     August 1995


                                                                                                                          ...........
                                                                                                                           .. ........
                                                                                                      S S
                          MANAGEMENT@!MEASURE NM@0NSIM@iDISPOSAU Y TEMS::.*:::                                            .................
               .......  ....                                      ......



                                                                                                                ...................
                                                  ...U d        es*    at e         he,@i@Me*asure.@@i@i@i,.............
                                                 e.        ati       Th  t M etl
    12
                                                                 ...........-
                ..... ........... . ........  ............       ............. .
                                      ..........                . .......
                                                        . . ........   ............ .. ............
                                                 .. ......... ......... . .......... .......... ...... ....... .. .........
                                                                                   .... ....................... ......... ...........
                                                                             ..............
                                                                                     @.. .       .. I "'.t.-C . ... ..... ..........
                                                                  on ...
    3          Mem ie@@td*    01D                ........            ....... .... ... @@:.:::HoWixv@: pp_ei:@ 6@1  omponent,
                                  .......... ............                    ............               ... ...        .....
                                        ...........                  ........                   ......................... I-- ...... ........
                                                                                       ... ................ . .......................
                                                                                                                     .......... . .. ......
                                                       ... ..........- .......                                          ...................
                                    ... ........ .
                        .. . ......... . .I-- ............                              ..................

               (3) Establish protective setbacks from      IS AAC 72.015,              Establishes minimum separation
               surface waters, wetlands, and               Wastewater Separation       distances between surface or subsurface
    3          floodplains for conventional as well as     Distances                   drinking water sources and potential
    4          alternative OSDS. The lateral setbacks                                  sources of contamination.
    5          should be based on soil type, slope,
    6          hydrologic factors, and type of OSDS.
    7          Where uniform protective setbacks           ADEC Onsite Disposal        ADEC is currently drafting regulations
    8          cannot be achieved, site development        System Installer            to require department certification of
    9          with OSDS so as not to adversely            Certification Program       onsite disposal system installing
    0          affect waterbodies and/or contribute to                                 engineers.
    I          a public health nuisance.
    2          4) Establish protective separation          18 AAC 72.015,              Establishes minimum separation
    3          distances between OSDS system               Wastewater Separation       distances between surface or subsurface
    4          components and groundwater which is         Distances                   drinking water sources and potential
    5          closely hydrologically connected to                                     sources of contamination.
    6          surface waters. The separation
    7          distances should be based on soil type,     ADEC Onsite Disposal        ADEC is currently drafting regulations
    @8         distance to ground water, hydrologic        System Installer            to require department certification of
    .9         factors, and type of OSDS.                  Certification Program       onsite disposal system installing
                                                                                       engineers.

    '0
               (5) Where conditions indicate that          18 AAC 72.375,              A subdivision must be planned so that
               nitrogen-limited surface waters may be      Pollution Abatement         it will not contribute to nitrate
    !2         adversely affected by excess nitrogen       Report                      concentrations in groundwater,
    23         loadings from ground water, require                                     contribute to fecal coliform bacteria
    14         the installation of OSDS that reduce                                    contamination or cause other pollutants
    25         total nitrogen loadings by 50 percent to                                to exceed water quality standards.
    26         ground water that is closely
    27         hydrologically connected to surface         ADEC Onsite Disposal        ADEC is currently drafting regulations
    28         water.                                      System Installer            to require department certification of
                                                           Certification Program       onsite disposal system installing
                                                                                       engineers.












                                                                                            Executive Summary, page 61



                                                                                                                              1


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: OPERATING ONSITE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

2	State Authorities That Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	1) Establish and implement policies
5	and systems to ensure that existing
6	OSDS are operated and maintained to
7	prevent the discharge of pollutants to
8	the surface of the ground and to the
9	extent practicable reduce the discharge
10	of pollutant into ground waters that are
11	closely hydrologically connected to the
12	surface waters.  Where necessary to
13	meet these objective, encourage the
14	reduced use of garbage disposals,
15	encourage the use of low volume
16	plumbing fixtures, and reduced the total
17	phosphorus loadings to the OSDS by
18	15 percent (if the use of low level
19	phosphate detergents has not been
20	required or widely adopted by OSDS
21	users).  Establish and implement
22	policies that require an OSDS to be
23	repaired, replaced, or modified where
24	the OSDS fails, or threatens or impairs
25	surface waters.

26	(2) Inspect OSDS at a frequency
27	adequate to ascertain whether OSDS
28	are failing.


	Citation

	ADEC Audit Stamp
	Program

	ADEC Audit Stamp
	Program


	How It Applies to Component

	ADEC encourages the use
	installation of garbage disposal systems
	to prevent bears from being attracted to
	outside garbage containers.

	ADEC encourages banks and lending
	institutions to require property and
	home buyers, as a condition of
	financing approval, to obtain
	certification from a professional
	engineer that an operating septic system
	has been inspected and pumped.  ADEC
	then stamps the engineers certification.

	ADEC encourages banks and lending
	institutions to require property and
	home buyers, as a condition of
	financing approval, to obtain
	certification from a professional
	engineer that an operating septic system
	has been inspected and pumped.  ADEC
	then stamps the certification.


Executive Summary, page 62


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: OPERATING ONSITE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

2	State Authorities That Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

1	(3) Consider replacing or upgrading
2	OSDS to treat effluent so that total
3	nitrogen loadings in the effluent are
4	reduced by 50 percent.  This provision
5	applies only:

6	(a) where conditions indicate that
7	nitrogen-limited surface waters may be
8	adversely affected by significant
9	ground water nitrogen loadings from
0	OSDS, and

1	(b) where nitrogen loadings from
2	OSDS are delivered to ground water
3	that is closely hydrologically connected
4	to surface water.


	Citation

	ADEC Audit Stamp
	Program


	How It Applies to Component

	ADEC encourages banks and lending 
	instutitions to require property and
	home buyers, as a conditon of
	financing approval, to obtain
	certification from a professional
	engineer that an operating septic system
	has been inspected and pumped.  ADEC
	then stamps the certification.


5	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: POLLUTION PREVENTION

6	State Authorities That Meet the Measure

7	Measure Component

8	1) Implement pollustion prevention and
9	education programs to reduce nonpoint
.0	source pollutants generated from the
.1	following activities, where applicable.


	Citation

	AS 46.06.021,
	Solid and
	Hazardous Waste
	Management
	Practices

	18 AAC 60.087,
	Hazardous Waste
	Disposal

	AS 46.03.317,
	Hazardous Waste
	Reduction Grants


	How It Applies to Component

	ADEC promotes: 1) waste source
	reduction; 2) recycling of waste; 3( waste
	treatment; and 4) waste disposal.

	A person may dispose of a waste that is
	hazardous only at a facility that is
	approved for the disposal of each specific
	type of waste, or in accordance with an
	ADEC permit.

	A hazardous waste reduction grant
	account is established in the general fund
	and is used to fund hazardous waste
	reduction programs.


Executive Summary, page 63








                     COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                         August 1995


                                                      . . . . ......                           ......                       ....... .............. ...... - -
                                                                                                                                .............  ........
                       ...................                                                                                          ...    .......
                                                                                 ::TOLLUT10
           15                                          EMENT.MEASURE                              N PREVENTION.              .......... .........  ........
                                                                                                ..........-..... -...  ......
                                                               ...... ..... .....
                                                                                                         ............
                       ...................                . . . .......                                         ......-......
                                                                                                                   ............. - ... -...-.............. ......
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                                                                                                                  .................. .............  .........
                           ........ . . ......            e*,...:::t ati S.TbAtUdet thci@
                                                      tait'' Alu. ho, e'                           M                  ......
           16           .......
                                                                                                                . . ...... .. . ....    ... . ..
                                             ........................ ........... ....                 ............
                                         ............. ....... ................... ... .............. ......... ......-
                                        ............. ......  .......
                          ........... .......... ...                                           ...............
                      :X.M         .. .............. .......                                .. ........
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           17              asure@i@CXMDone                             xcit                             t' *
                                                    .............  ...........          ........    W I @@::: DD le&:i
                                                                                         ... ... .                                    ......
                                                                                 .... .. ..  ..... ...-   .. ....                         .... ...
            1          2) The improper storage, use, and disposal       AS 46.06.021,           ADEC promotes: 1) waste source
            2          of household hazardous chemicals,                Solid and               reduction; 2) recycling of waste; 3) waste
            3          including automobile fluids, pesticides,         Hazardous Waste         treatment; and 4) waste disposal.
            4          paints, solvents, etc.                           Management
                                                                        Practices

            5          3) Lawn and garden activities, including         AS 46.06.021,           ADEC promotes: 1) waste source
            6          the application and disposal of lawn and         Solid and               reduction; 2) recycling of waste; 3) waste
            7          garden care products, and the improper           Hazardous Waste         treatment; and 4) waste disposal.
            8          disposal of leaves and yard trimmings.           Management
                                                                        Practices


            9          4) Turf management on golf courses,              AS 46.06.021,           ADEC promotes: 1) waste source
           10          parks, and recreational areas.                   Solid and               reduction; 2) recycling of waste; 3) waste
                                                                        Ham dous Waste          treatment; and 4) waste disposal.
                                                                        Management
                                                                        Practices



                       5) Improper operation and maintenance of         AS 46.06.02 1,          ADEC promotes: 1) waste source
           12          onsite disposal systems.;                        Solid and               reduction; 2) recycling of waste; 3) waste
                                                                        Hazardous Waste         treatment; and 4) waste disposal.
                                                                        Management
                                                                        Practices


           13          6) Discharge of pollutants into storm            AS 46.06.021,           ADEC promotes: 1) waste source
           14          drains including floatables, waste oil, and      Solid and               reduction; 2) recycling of waste; 3) waste
           15          litter.                                          Hazardous Waste         treatment; and 4) waste disposal.
                                                                        Maria ement
                                                                              !9
                                                                        Practices


                                                                        AS 46.03.370,           ADEC provides educational assistance to
                                                                        Educational             owners and operators of underground
                                                                        Assistance for          storage tank systems to help them comply
                                                                        Underground             with federal and State regulations.
                                                                        Storage Tank
                                                                        Owners







                     Executive Summary, page 64


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

5	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: POLLUTION PREVENTION

6	State Authorities That Meet the Measure

7	Measure Component

1	7) Commercial activities including parking
2	lots, gas stations, and other entities not
3	under NPDES purview.

4	8) Improper disposal of pet excrement.


	Citation

	AS 46.06.021,
	Solid and
	Hazardous Waste
	Management 
	Practices

	AS 46.06.021,
	Solid and
	Hazardous Waste
	Management
	Practices


	How It Applies to Component

	ADEC promotes: 1) waste source
	reduction; 2) recycling of waste; 3) waste
	treatment; and 4) waste disposal.

	ADEC promotes: 1) waste source
	reduction; 2) recycling of waste; 3) waste
	treatment; and 4) waste dispoal.


5	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: PLANNING, SITING AND DEVELOPING ROADS
6	AND HIGHWAYS

7	State Programs that Meet the Measure

8	Measure Component

9	Plan, site, and develop roads and
0	highways to protect areas that
1	provide important water quality
2	benefits or are particularly
3	susceptible to erosion or sediment
4	loss.


	Citation

	AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and
	Specifications

	BMP manual to be completed by
	July 1996

	AS 19.10.230, Method of
	Construction of Highway Ditches


	How It Applies to Component

	DOTPF projects follow AASHTO
	guidelines, which meet 6217
	requirements.  During planning and
	design, areas of high or sensitive
	water quality are, where
	practicable, avoided and then
	impacts are minimized.

	The manual will include BMP's 	
	for design and construction 
	erosion and sediment control and
	an inspection checklist for erosion
	and sediment controls.  The
	manual will become standard
	operating procedure for DOTPF.

	Ditches shall not obstruct the
	natural flow or drainage of surface
	waters.


Executive Summary, page 65


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

5	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: PLANNING, SITING AND DEVELOPING ROADS

6	AND HIGHWAYS

7	State Programs that Meet the Measure

8	Measure Component

1	Plan, site, and develop roads and
2	highways to limit land disturbance
3	such as clearing and grubbing and
4	cut and fill to reduce erosion and
5	sediment loss.


	Citation	
	
	6 AAC 80.050, Geophysical
	Hazard Areas

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and
	Specifications

	BMP manual to be completed by
	July 1996.

	6 AAC 80.050, Geophysical
	Hazard Areas


	How It Applies to
	Component

	To be consistent with the Alaska	
	Coastal Management Program,
	roads and highways in areas that
	are particularly susceptible to
	erosion and sediment loss must be
	sited, designed and constructed to
	minimize property damage and
	loss of life.

	Roads and highways in wetlands
	must assure adequate water flow,
	nutrients and oxygen levels and
	avoid adverse effects on natural
	drainage patterns and discharges of
	toxic substances.  Roads and
	highways in important upland
	habitats must maintain or enhance
	the biological, physical and
	chemical characteristics of the
	habitat.

	DOTPF projects must follow
	AASHTO guidelines, which meet
	6217 requirements.  Clearing,
	grading, cuts and fills on road,
	highway and bridge projects are
	minimized yet meet saafety
	standards.

	The manual will include BMP's
	for design and construction
	erosion and sediment control.  The
	manual will become standard
	operating procedure for DOTPF.

	To be consistent with the Alaska
	Coastal Management Program,
	roads and highways in areas that
	are particularly susceptible to
	erosion and sediment loss must be
	sited, designed and constructed to
	minimize property damage and
	loss of life.


Executive Summary, page 66
		
	








             COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                       August 1995

              ........,.....::..MANAGEMENT..:MEASUREi@:.PLANNI,NQ,:i@@@
                                                                 .. . ...    .$ITIN.O@@@@AND..::D..EV.EL.OPI.N.G,::.R.O.ADS
                                                                                                 ........... .... . .....
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                               ......... ... ......    ......                           . . . . ....... .                 ............... ..
                               ....... . ..-....... .. ..........                      ................ ....... . . . . ... ..... . ....
                 . .... .. . .. . . .......                                                                       ...............
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                                                                    ............
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              .Measur C                                       100    ......
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                                  ... ........ .......                                ........
               . ...... ....       ... ....                                      .. ..........                                     ...... . ..
                                                       6 AAC 80.130, Habitats                 Roads and highways in wetlands
                                                                                              must assure adequate water flow,
                                                                                              nutrients and oxygen levels and
                                                                                              avoid adverse effects on natural
                                                                                              drainage patterns and discharges of
                                                                                              toxic substances. Roads and
                                                                                              highways in important upland
                                                                                              habitats must maintain or enhance
                                                                                              the biological, physical and
                                                                                              chemical characteristics of the
                                                                                              habitat.
    I         Plan, site, and develop roads and        AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and       DOTPF projects must follow
    2         highways to limit disturbance of         Specifications                         AASHTO guidelines, which meet
    3         natural drainage features and                                                   6217 requirements. Avoidance or
    4         vegetation.                                                                     minimization of impacts to natural
                                                                                              drainages and vegetation is
                                                                                              addressed in project planning and
                                                                                              preliminary design. Mitigation is
                                                                                              further refined during design.
                                                                                              Minimum disturbance is
                                                                                              implemented during construction.
                                                       BMP manual to be completed July        The manual will contain BMP's
                                                       1996.                                  for design and construction
                                                                                              erosion and sediment control. The
                                                                                              manual will become standard
                                                                                              operating procedure for DOTPF.
                                                       AS 19.10.230, Method of                Ditches shall not obstruct the
                                                       Construction of Highway Ditches        natural flow or drainage of surface
                                                                                              waters.
                                                       General Concurrence NWP-14,            Fills for roads crossing wetlands
                                                       Road Crossing                          shall be limited to the amount
                                                                                              necessary for the actual crossing,
                                                                                              no more than 1/2 acre and no
                                                                                              more than 200 linear feet.










                                                                                             Executive Summary, page 67



                                                                                                                                   1


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

5	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: PLANNING, SITING AND DEVOPING ROADS

6	AND HIGHWAYS

7	State Programs that Meet the Measure

8	Measure Component

	
	Citation

	6 AAC 80.050, Geophysical
	Hazard Areas

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats


	How It Applies to
	Component

	To be consistent with the Alaska
	Coastal Management Program,
	roads and highways in areas that
	are particularly susceptible to
	erosion and sediment loss must be
	sited, designed and constructed to
	minimize property damage and
	loss of life.

	Roads and highways in wetlands
	must assure adequate water flow,
	nutrients and oxygen levels and
	avoid adverse effects on natural
	drainage patterns and discharges of
	toxic substances.  Roads and
	highways in important upland
	habitats must maintain or enhance
	the biological, physical and
	chemical characteristics of the
	habitat.


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: BRIDGES

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Site, design and maintain bridge
5	structures so that sensitive and
6	valuable aquatic ecosystems and
7	areas providing important water
8	quality benefits are protected from
9	adverse effects.


	Citation

	AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and
	Specifications

	
	How It Applies to
	Component

	DOTPF projects must follow
	AASHTO guidelines, which meet
	6217 requirements.  Avoidance or
	minimization of impacts to
	sensitive and valuable aquatic
	ecosystems and important water
	quality areas is addressed in project
	planning and preliminary design.
	Mitigation is further refined during
	design.  Minimum disturbance is
	implemented during construction.


Executive Summary, page 68











              COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                 August 1995


                                                    ANAGEMENT@@.MEASURE..::BRIDGES..
                                            ..........                .........            ...... - -....                            .. ... ..
                                             .......               .............. . .... . ... . ............. ......... ......
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                       ..... .......    .......... .............                                        7omponeg:               .........
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               ... ... . ......     .............. . . ..........
                                                            BMP manual to be completed July            Bridge maintenance BMP's will be
                                                            1996.                                      included in this manual, which will
                                                                                                       become standard operating
                                                                                                       procedure for DOTPF maintenance
                                                                                                       crews.
                                                            18 AAC 72.500,.600,                        The Department of Environmental
                                                            Nondomestic Wastewater and                 Conservation reviews bridge
                                                            System Plan Review                         projects' stormwater controls.
                                                                                                       Conditions may be placed on the
                                                                                                       permit to ensure water quality are
                                                                                                       protected.
                                                            6 AAC 80.130, Habitats                     To be consistent with the Alaska
                                                                                                       Coastal Management Program,
                                                                                                       bridges over estuaries must assure
                                                                                                       adequate water flow, natural
                                                                                                       circulation patterns, nutrients, and
                                                                                                       oxygen levels and avoid the
                                                                                                       discharge of toxic wastes, silt and
                                                                                                       destruction of productive habitat.
                                                                                                       Bridges over wetlands and tideflats
                                                                                                       must assure adequate water flow,
                                                                                                       nutrients and oxygen levels and
                                                                                                       avoid adverse effects on natural
                                                                                                       drainage patterns, the destruction of
                                                                                                       important habitat and the discharge
                                                                                                       of toxic substances. Bridges over
                                                                                                       barrier islands and lagoons must
                                                                                                       maintain adequate flows of
                                                                                                       sediments, detritus and water, avoid
                                                                                                       the alteration or redirection of wave
                                                                                                       energy which would lead to the
                                                                                                       filling in of lagoons or the erosion
                                                                                                       of barrier islands. Bridges over
                                                                                                       rivers, streams and lakes must
                                                                                                       protect natural vegetation, water
                                                                                                       quality, important fish or wildlife
                                                                                                       habitat and natural water flow.
                                                            General Concurrence NWP- 15, US            Bridges over waters of the US must
                                                            Coast Guard Approved Bridges               use appropriate erosion and
                                                                                                       siltation controls during
                                                                                                       construction.





                                                                                                       Executive Summary, page 69


                                                                                                                                              1


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: BRIDGES

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component


	Citation

	General Concurrence-7, Culvert
	and Bridge Installation

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish
	and Game

	AS 16.05.840, Fishway Required


	How It Applies to
	Component

	Bridges must be designed, installed
	and maintained to accomodate the
	efficient passage of fish, minimize
	the alteration of streambanks,
	stabilize disturbed streambanks
	immediately and avoid sensitive
	fish life-stages.  Installation,
	replacement or modification must
	maintain fish and wildlife and their
	habitats.  If a structure crosses
	freshwater, it must not contain
	creosote or pentachlorophenol.

	The Department of Fish and Game
	must approve plans and
	specifications of bridges that affect
	anadromous fish streams.
	Conditions can be be placed on the
	permit to protect valuable and
	sensitive aquatic habitat.

	Structures in fish streams must be
	sited and designed to allow for the
	efficient passage of fish.


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Reduce erosion and, to the extend
5	practicable, retain sediment on site
6	during and after construction.


	Citation

	AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and
	Specifications

	BMP manual to be completed by
	July 1996.


	How It Applies to
	Component

	DOTPF follows AASHTO
	guidelines, which meet 6217
	requirements.  A plan for temporary
	and permament erosion and
	sedimentation control is finalized
	during the design of roads,
	highways and bridges.  This plan
	becomes part of the bid document.

	This manual will include BMP's
	for construction erosion and
	sediment control.  The manual will
	become standard operating
	procedure for DOTPF.


Executive Summary, page 70
	

COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

1	Prior to land disturbance, prepare
2	and implement an approved erosion
3	and sediment control plan or
4	similar administrative document
5	that contains erosion and sediment
6	control provisions.


	18 AAC 72.500, .600,
	Nondomestic Wastewater and
	System Plan Review

	AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and
	Specifications


	The Department of Environmental
	Conservation reviews bridge
	projects' stormwater controls.
	Conditions may be placed on the
	permit to ensure water quality are
	protected.

	Same as above, plus a contractor
	must review plan and obtain
	DOT&PF approval of needed
	changes prior to beginning
	construction.


7	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: COSNTRUCTION SITE CHEMICAL CONTROL

8	State Programs that Meet the Measure

9	Measure Component

0	Limit the application, generation
1	and migration of toxic substances


	Citation

	AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and
	Specifications

	AS 46.03.740, Oil Pollution

	18 AAC 90.430, Pesticide
	Prohibitions

	18 AAC 90.600, Permit
	Requirements


	How It Applies to
	Component

	DOTPF follows AASHTO
	guidelines, which meet 6217
	requirements.  Contractor is
	required to provide a detailed plan
	for the containment, cleanup and
	disposal of hazardous waste
	material including petroleum
	products resulting from
	construction.  This includes types of
	equipment and cleanup materials to
	be kept on hand.

	Discharge of oil is prohibited
	except by permit.

	No person may improperly store,
	abandon, transport or dispose of
	pesticides; use pesticides in a
	manner that is inconsistent with the
	label or operate faulty or unsafe
	application equipment.

	Pesticide use on public projects,
	serial application, and application
	to water requires a permit.  The
	permit identifies special
	precautions to protect the
	environment.


Executive Summary, page 71

		

COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

7	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: CONSTRUCTION SITE CHEMICAL CONTROL

8	State Programs that Meet the Measure

9	Measure Component

1	Ensure the proper storage and
2	disposal of toxic materials.

3	Apply nutrients at rates necessary
4	to establish and maintain vegetation
5	without causing significant nutrient
6	runoff to surface waters.


	Citation

	Pesticides have not been used by
	DOTPF for roadside maintenance
	in 20 years due to public outcry.

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and
	Specifications

	18 AAC 60.015, Accumulation and
	Storage of Solid Waste

	Standard Specifications for
	Highway Construction

	BMP manual to be completed by
	June 1996


	How It Applies to
	Component

	Projects in coastal estuaries,
	wetlands and tideflats must avoid
	the discharge of toxic substances;
	projects in coastal rivers, streams
	and lakes must protect water
	quality.

	DOTPF follows AASHTO
	guidelines, which meet 6217
	requirements.  Contractor is
	required to provide a detailed plan
	for the containment, cleanup and
	disposal of hazardous waste
	material including petroleum
	products resulting from
	construction.  This includes types of
	equipment and cleanup materials to
	be kept on hand.

	Solid waste must be stored in a safe
	manner

	DOTPF requires contractors to
	obtain a soils analysis to determine
	the proper amount of fertilizer to be
	applied to reseeded or revegetated
	areas.  A revegetation plan is
	prescribed for each project.

	The manual will include BMP's for
	fertilizer application.  The manual
	will become standard operating
	procedures for DOTPF.


Executive Summary, page 72


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Incorporate pollution prevention
5	procedures into the operation and
6	maintenance of roads, highways
7	and bridges to reduce pollutant
8	loadings to surface waters.


	Citation

	AS 19.10.160, Standard Plans and
	Specifications

	BMP manual to be completed by
	July 1996.


	How It Applies to
	Component

	Permament erosion and
	sedimentation controls are
	addressed during project planning
	and design.  Also, DOT&PF has
	developed a Maintenance and
	Operations Manual which
	addresses water quality issues.

	The manual will have BMP's for
	de-icing chemical application rates,
	fergilitzer applicaiton rates,
	alternatives to de-icing chemicals,
	de-icing chemical storage practices,
	snow removal practices, snow
	dumping practices, practices to
	restore vegetation needed for soil
	stabilization, maintenance of oil-
	grease separators and sediment
	basins, street sweeping, vacuuming
	and washing practices, and pothole
	and roadside repairs.  The manual
	will become standard operating
	procedures for DOTPF.


9	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: ROAD, HIGHWAY AND BRIDGE RUNOFF SYSTEMS

.0	State Programs that Meet the Measure

.1	Measure Component

.2	Identify priority and watershed
.3	pollutant reduction opportunities
.4	(e.g., improvements to existing
.5	urban runoff control structures)	

.6	Establish schedules for
.7	implementing appropriate controls.


	Citation

	Pub. L. No. 102-240, 105 Stat.
	1914, 1926 (1991), Intermodel
	Surface Transportation Efficiency
	Act of 1991 (ISTEA)

	See above


	How It Applies to
	Component

	An enhancement measure under
	ISTEA provides funding to retrofit
	existing highways and bridges to
	correct ongoing significant
	pollution problems.

	ISTEA allows for scheduling the
	implementation of appropriate
	controls


Executive Summary, page 73


	

	


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	HARBOR AND MARINA MANAGEMENT MEASURES

2	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA FLUSHING

3	State Programs that Meet the Measure

4	Measure Component

5	Site and design marinas such that
6	tides and/or currents will aid in
7	flushing of the site or renew its
8	water regularly.


	Citation

	Alaska Coastal and Harbor Design
	Prodedures Manual

	18 AAC 15.180, Certification for
	other federal licenses or permits

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	Flushing will be addressed in the
	manual.  This will become
	DOT&PF's recommended best
	design practices.
	The Department also references
	the December 1979 publication
	Effects of Planform Geometry on
	Tidal Flushing and Mixing in
	Marinas, Technical Report No. 62,
	by R. Nece, E. Richey, J. Rhee,
	and H. Smith (University of
	Washington, Department of Civil
	Engineering, Seattle, Washington),
	for new and significantly
	expanding harbor design.

	The Department of Environmental
	Conservation must certify that a
	proposed harbor or marina's
	federal Section 404 permit will
	meet water quality standards.
	Conditions on the siting and design
	of the harbor can be placed on the
	certificate.

	The Alaska Coastal Management
	Program consistency determination
	requires that proposed harbors and
	marinas in estuaries must assure
	natural circulation patterns.


Executive Sumamry, page 74


~0







                COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                           August 1995


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                                                                        AS 16.05.840, Fishway required                      Harbors and marinas must provide
                                                                                                                            for the efficient passage of fish.

                                                                        AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish                    If a proposed harbor or marina
                                                                        and game                                            could use, divert, obstruct, pollute
                                                                                                                            or change a designated
                                                                                                                            anadromous fish stream, the
                                                                                                                            Department of Fish and Game
                                                                                                                            requires developers to submit
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                                                                                                                            approval.



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     4              Assess water quality as part of                     Alaska Coastal and Harbor Design                    Water quality assessment will be
     5              marina siting and design.                           Procedures Manual                                   addressed in the manual. This will
                                                                                                                            become DOT&PF~'s
                                                                                                                            recommended best design
                                                                                                                            practices.


                                                                         18 AAC 15.180, Certification for                   The Department of Environmental
                                                                        other federal licenses and permits                  Conservation may require pre-
                                                                                                                            construction water quality data
                                                                                                                            before certifying a proposed
                                                                                                                            harbor or marina's federal Section
                                                                                                                            404 permit.









                                                                                                                            Executive Summary, page 75


                                                                                                                                                                         ~q1
 

COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component


	Citation

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish
	and game

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	If a proposed harbor or marina
	could use, divert, obstruct, pollute
	or change a designated
	anadromous fish stream, the
	Department of Fish and Game
	requires developers to submit
	plans and specifications for
	approval.

	The Alaska Coastal Management
	Program consistency determination
	requires that proposed harbors and
	marinas in estuaries must assure
	adequate water flow, nutrients and
	oxygen levels.


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA HABITAT ASSESSMENT

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Site and design marinas to
5	protect against adverse effects
6	on shellfish resources, wetlands,
7	submerged aquatic vegetation,
8	or other important riparian and
9	aquatic habitat areas as
10	designated by local, State, or
11	Federal governments.


	Citation

	18 AAC 15.180, Certification
	for other federal licenses and
	permits

	
	How It Applies to the
	Component

	The Department of
	Environmental Conservation
	must certify that a proposed
	harbor or marina's federal
	Section 404 permit meets state
	water quality standards, which
	establishes growth and
	propogation of fish, shellfish
	and wildlife as a protected use.
	The department can place
	conditions on the certificate that
	ensure a harbor or marina is
	sited and designed so as to
	protect aquatic habitat.


Executive Summary, page 76

	

COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA HABITAT ASSESSMENT

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

	
	Citation

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	Alaska and Harbor
	Design Procedures Manual

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish
	and game


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	The Alaska Coastal
	Management Program
	consistency determination
	requires proposed harbors and
	marinas in estuaries to avoid the
	destruction of productive
	habitat.

	The manual will address habitat
	assessment during harbor siting
	and design.

	If a proposed harbor or marina
	could use, divert, obstruct,
	pollute or change a designated
	anadromous fish stream, the
	Department of Fish and Game
	requires the developer to submit
	plans and specifications for
	approval.  The department uses
	habitat assessments performed
	by other agencies, or may
	require the developer to
	performa habitat assessment.


Executive Summary, page 77


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: SHORELINE STABILIZATION

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Where shoreline erosion is a
5	nonpoint source polllutin
6	problem, shoreline should be
7	stabilized.  Vegetative methods
8	are strongly preferred unless
9	structural methods are more cost
10	effective, considering the
11	severity of wave and wind
12	eroision, offshore bathymetry,
13	and the potential adverse impact
14	on other shorelines and offshore
15	areas.


	Citation

	6 AAC 80.050, Geophysical
	haaard areas

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	18 AAC 15.180, Certification
	for other federal licenses and
	permits


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	Proposed projects in erosion-
	prone sites will not be
	determined to be consistent
	with the Alaska Coastal
	Management Program until
	siting, design and construction
	measures for minimizing
	damage have been provided.

	The Alaska Coastal
	Management Program
	consistency determination
	requires proposed projects in
	estuaries to avoid the discharge
	of silt.

	The Department of
	Environmental Conservation
	must certify that a proposed
	marina or harbor's federal
	Secion 404 permit will not
	result in pollution of navigable
	waters.  Conditions requiring
	shoreline stabilization can be
	attached to the certificate.


Executive Summary, page 78



COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: SHORELINE STABILIZATION

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

	
	Citation

	Alaska Coastal and Harbor
	Design Procedures Manual

	AS 16.05.840, Fishway required


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	The DOT&PF manual will
	include design practices and
	procedures for shoreline
	stabilization.  This will become
	the Department's manual of
	recommended best design
	practices.
	In addition, the department is
	investigating the properties of
	dynamically stable cobble or
	"shingle" beaches.
	Conventional protection against
	12 foot waves may require 5 ton
	stone on a 4:1 slope. In nature,
	there are benches in equilibrium
	against 12 foot waves that are
	composed of 3 to 4 inch cobbles
	on 5:1 and 6:1 slopes.  Designs
	incorporating natural processes
	can significantly reduce the cost
      of shore protection and provide
      a less environmentally
	disruptive solution to erosion.
	The Corps of Engineers has
	concurred that dynamically
	stable beaches are a viable
	alternative under appropriate
	circumstances.

	Harbors and marinas must
      provide for the efficient passage
      of fish.


Executive Summary, page 79


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                              

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: STORMWATER RUNOFF

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Implement effective runoff control
5	strategies which include the use of
6	pollution prevention activities and
7	the proper design of hull
8	maintenance areas.


	Citation

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish
	and games

	
	How It Applies to the
	Component

	Proposed projects that could
      use, divert, obstruct, pollute or
      change a designated
	anadromous fish stream must be
	designed to protect fish habitat.
	Provisions for stabilizing
	streambanks, using vegetative
	methods where feasible to
	provide fish rearing and resting
	habitat would be required if
	necessary.


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: STORMWATER RUNOFF

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Implement effective runoff control
5	strategies which include the use of
6	pollution provention activities and
7	the proper design of hull
8	maintenance areas.


	Citation

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	AS 16.05.840, Fishway required

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish
	and game


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	A proposed harbor or marina must
	prevent the discharge of toxic
	substances into estuaries,
	wetlands, tideflats, lagoons, rivers,
      streams and lakes to be consistent
      with the Alaska Coastal
	Management Program.

      Harbors and marinas must provide
      for the efficient passage of fish.

	Proposed projects that could use,
      divert, obstruct, pollute or change
      a designated anadromous fish
      stream must have their plans and
      specifications approved by the
      Department of Fish and Game
      before construction begins. The
      department can attach stipulations
      requiring stormwater controls to
      the approval.


Executive Summary, page 80









                COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                         August 1995


                              . ............         ........
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                        .............             ............                                                                         ......                            . ... ....
                                                  . ............                                                            .. ....               ........               .......

                                                                       18 AAC 72.500. and.600,                              The design of parking lots and
                                                                       Nondomcstic wastewater permit                        upland hull maintenance areas
                                                                       and system plan review.                              must be reviewed for stormwater
                                                                                                                            controls by the Department of
                                                                                                                            Environmental Conservation.


                                                                       Alaska Coastal and Harbor Design                     This manual will cover the design
                                                                       Procedures Manual                                    of parking lots and upland hull
                                                                                                                            maintenance areas to control
                                                                                                                            stormwater runoff.
                                                                                                                            For existing harbors, a companion
                                                                                                                            manual of operation and
                                                                                                                            maintenance BMP's will include
                                                                                                                            pollution prevention activities.

                                                                       Harbor Management Agreements                         A stormwatcr control plan may be
                                                                                                                            stipulated in Harbor Management
                                                                                                                            Agreements between the DOT&PF
                                                                                                                            and harbor operator (typically a
                                                                                                                            community). The agreements
                                                                                                                            include a statement committing the
                                                                                                                            harbor operator to comply with
                                                                                                                            current federal laws, state statutes
                                                                                                                            and municipal ordinances.

     I             Reduce the average annual                                                                                This component is not
     2             loadings of total suspended solids                                                                       economically achievable in Alaska
     3             (TSS) in runoff from hull                                                                                by any BMP whose performance
                   maintenance areas by 80 percent.                                                                         can be quantified. The state will
     5             For the purposes of this measure,                                                                        develop an alternative that is
     6             an 80 percent reduction of TSS is                                                                        economically achievable.
     7             to be determined on an average
     8             annual basis.











                                                                                                                            Executive Summary, page 81



                                                                                                                                                                         1









                          COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                          August'1996


                                             ................                                               ...........                    ........   .......
                                                                                                                      ...                  .......
                              ...........
                                            MANAGEMENT...                          R                                                            ............
                                                                        MEAS.U.. E'

                                                                                   .. ......               .......
                                                                        ............                                     ......
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                                                                             ... ..... . ..   ... .... .............       on                 ... ..............
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              4            Design fueling stations to allow             Harbor Management                             DOT&PF does require
              5            for ease in cleanup of spills.               Agreements                                    operators to have oil spill
                                                                                                                      equipment on-scene and in a
                                                                                                                      state or readiness, and can also
                                                                                                                      require operators to prepare
                                                                                                                      spill prevention plans.
                                                                                                                      Cities that operate DOT&PF
                                                                                                                      harbors can also write
                                                                                                                      ordinances requiring fuel docks
                                                                                                                      to have oil spill equipment.

                                                                        Alaska Coastal and Harbors                    This manual will address
                                                                        Design Procedures Manual                      designs of fuel docks that allow
                                                                                                                      for ease of cleanup of spills.

                                                                        6 AAC 80.130, Habitats                        The Alaska Coastal
                                                                                                                      Management Program requires
                                                                                                                      proposed projects to prevent the
                                                                                                                      discharge of toxic substances
                                                                                                                      into estuaries, wetlands,
                                                                                                                      tideflats, lagoons, rivers,
                                                                                                                      streams and lakes.


                                                                        AS 16.05.840, Fishway required                Harbors and marinas must
                                                                                                                      provide for the efficient passage
                                                                                                                      of fish.


                                                                        AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish              Proposed projects that use,
                                                                        and game                                      divert, obstruct, pollute or
                                                                                                                      change a designated
                                                                                                                      anadromous fish stream must
                                                                                                                      submit plans and specifications
                                                                                                                      to the Department of Fish and
                                                                                                                      Game. Provision for the proper
                                                                                                                      design of fuel docks would be
                                                                                                                      necessary before the department
                                                                                                                      would approve construction.







                          Executive Summary, page 82


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA SEWAGE FACILITIES

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Install pumpout, dump station,
5	and restroom facilities where
6	needed at new and expanding
7	marinas to reduce the release of
8	sewage to surface waters.
9	Design these facilities to allow
0	ease of access and post signage
1	to promote use by the boating
2	public.


	Citation

	Alaska Coastal and Harbor
	Design Procedures Manual

	Harbor Management
	Agreements

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	Clean Vessel Act

	AS 16.05.840, Fishway required

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish
	and game


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	This manual will address the
	need for, and the design of,
	pumpouts, dump stations and
	restrooms.

	DOT&PF can require operators
	to install sewage facilities and
	signs.

	The Alaska Coastal
	Management Program requires
	proposed projects to prevent the
	discharge of toxic substances
	into estuaries, wetlands,
	tideflats, lagoons, rivers,
	streams and lakes.

	The Department of Fish and
	Game has obtained funding for
	the construction or expansion of
	10 pumpouts.  The department
	is seeking additional funding
	for 10 more pumpouts.

	Harbors and marinas must
      provide for the efficient passage
      of fish.

	Proposed projects that use,
      divert, obstruct, pollute or
      change a designated
      anadromous fish stream must
      submit plans and specifications
      to the Department of Fish and
      Game. Provision for sewage
      disposal would be necessary
      before the department would
      approve construction.


Executive Summary, page 83









                       COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                August 1995


                        ..........


                                                                                                                              ......   .............
                                                                                                                                .. . . ............. ...
                                                                  :.MEASURE,::::..:
                                           MANAGEMENT                                  MARINA
                                                                                                                         ....... .......... .............
                                  ..... ......

                                                                                                         ...........
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              3         ...Meas u*r.e,TC.o* inponent.......                                              @@iiB -ItAoiiis:    Ih6.
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                                                                  .. ........ ...... .......
                                  .......... ......               .....................                                        ........... .
                                                                .................. ... ...
                         ..............
                                                                                         .......... ..........                 ....... .............

              4          Properly dispose of solid wastes         Harbor Management                      DOT&PF can require operators
              5          produced by the operation,               Agreements                             to dispose of solid waste. In
              6          cleaning, maintenance, and                                                      addition, DOT&PF requires
              7          repair of boats to limit entry of                                               operators to comply with
              8          solid wastes to surface waters.                                                 federal, state and local laws.
                                                                                                         Local governments can require
                                                                                                         by ordinance the proper
                                                                                                         disposal of boating wastes.

                                                                  Alaska Coastal And Harbor              This manual will cover the
                                                                  Design and Procedures Manual           design of solid waste collection
                                                                                                         and disposal facilities.

                                                                  18 AAC 60.015,.025,.200                Harbors and marinas must
                                                                  Accumulation and storage of            obtain a solid waste permit and
                                                                  solid waste                            adhere to state solid waste
                                                                                                         regulations which cover the
                                                                                                         accumulation, storage and
                                                                                                         transport of solid wastes.
                                                                                                         The handling of hazardous
                                                                                                         wastes is addressed under the
                                                                                                         Liquid Material management
                                                                                                         measure.


                                                                  18 AAC 64, Litter receptacles          Marinas, boat launches, piers,
                                                                                                         docks and small boat harbors
                                                                                                         accessible by road must provide
                                                                                                         at least one litter receptacle.
                                                                                                         Receptacles must hold at least
                                                                                                         10 gallons, be suitable for
                                                                                                         outdoor use, be reasonably
                                                                                                         vandal proof, and tight. Signs
                                                                                                         must be posted on receptacles
                                                                                                         to encourage their use. Harbor
                                                                                                         and marina operators must
                                                                                                         empty them often enough to
                                                                                                         prevent odors and overflow.
                                                                                                         The contents must be disposed
                                                                                                         of in conformance with solid
                                                                                                         waste regulations.




                       Executive Summary, page 84


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                         

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA SOLID WASTE

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component


	Citation

	AS 16.05.840, Fishway required

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish
	and game.


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	Harbors and marinas must
      provide for the efficient passage
      of fish.

    	Proposed projects that use,
	divert, obstruct, pollute or
      change a designated
      anadromous fish stream must
      submit plans and specifications
      to the Department of Fish and
    	Game. Provision for solid
      waste disposal would be
  	necessary before the department
   	would approve construction.


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: SOLID WASTE FROM TIDAL GRIDS

2	Note:  This measure was developed by the state.

3	State Programs that Meet the Measure

4	Measure Component

5	Properly dispose of solid wastes
6	produced by the cleaning,
7	maintenance and repair of boats
8	on tidal grids to limit entry of
9	solid wastes to surface waters.


	Citation

	Alaska Coastal and Harbor
	Design Procedures Manual


	Hot It Applies to the
	Component

	This manual will address the
	design and use of tidal grids to
	reduce the entry of solid waste
	to surface waters.
	It may be feasible to design
	grids to contain most materials.
	A research project to develop
	best design practices for grids
	will be completed by DOT&PF
	July 1996. The project will
	look at siting and design, as
	well as hull cleaning methods,
	for tidal grids.


                                                                                                                          Executive Summary, page 85


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                           

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: SOLID WASTE FROM TIDAL GRIDS

2	Note:  This measure was developed by the state.

3	State Programs that Meet the Measure

4	Measure Component


	Citation

	Harbor Management 
	Agreements


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	DOT&PF could incorporate
	grid BMP's into harbor
	management agreements.


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA FISH WASTE

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Promote sound fish waste
5	management through a
6	comibnation of fish-cleaning
7	restrictions, public education,
8	and proper disposal of fish
9	waste.


	Citation

	Harbor Management 
	Agreements

	Alaska Coastal and Harbor
	Design Procedures Manual

	AS 34.110, Waste and offal
	disposal


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	DOT&PF could require
	operators to provide proper fish
      waste disposal as a term of the
	harbor management agreement.
	Harbor management
	agreements require operators to
	comply with all federal, state
	and local laws.

	Siting and design of sport fish
      cleaning stations will be
      addressed in the manual.
	Additionally, BMP's are being
	developed for the use and
	maintenance of sport fish
	cleaning stations.

      The Department of
      Environmental Conservation
      requires waste and offal from
	processing, cleaning, storing or
	preparation of fisheries
	products to be promptly
	removed and disposed of
	according to 18 AAC 60 and 18
	AAC 72.


Executive Summary, page 86









                 COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                        August 1995



                                                             .... .......                                                              ...- .......   .........
                                                                                                                                               ...........................
                                                                                                                                                  .... ...........I.......
                                                                                                                                                      ..................
                                     MANA EMENTMEA URE                                    M          NA                  MATERIAL*..**.*.*                    .......
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                                                             ............     ............

                                                                                                                                   ..........
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                    . ...................................................... ...... .... .. ............... ......
                                         ...................
      2                    ......  ......... ... . . ........            ......I.. ....                                       ... ......              .......
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                          ...............                      .. ... .                   ...
                                        .... ........ ...      .... .....
                    . ..............                                                                                      . ......
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      3             ::]Nfiasure                                        itat,   .....                                 H WA H S
                                                         ....... ... ..............                          . ........                     Q.
                    ................                                      ................ .......  ...........-........  ..........
                                                                                                                                         ............... .....................
                                                                                                                                                      ............
                        ............ ... .............                 ........       ........... .. .....
                    ........................... .......
                               ............                ... ....      ........                                                                       ........
                                                                                      ............ . . ...... ......                                    .......
                                                                                   ...... .. ......... ..... ... . ... .... ... .... .. ..            ........... . .......
      4             Provide and maintain                               Harbor Management                             DOT&PF includes at condition
      5             appropriate storage, transfer,                     Agreements                                    in its harbor management
      6             containment, and disposal                                                                        agreements that the operator
      7             facilities for liquid material,                                                                  provide for collection and
      8             such as oil, harmful solvents,                                                                   disposal of waste oils. Recent
      9             antifreeze, and paints, and                                                                      agreements also require
      0             encourage recycling of these                                                                     compliance with MARPOL
      I             materials.                                                                                       regulations
                                                                                                                     Harbor management
                                                                                                                     agreements require operators to
                                                                                                                     comply with all federal, state
                                                                                                                     and local laws.


                                                                       Draft operation and                           BMP's are being developed for
                                                                       maintenance BMP manual                        the proper handling of liquid
                                                                                                                     materials at harbors.


                                                                       AS 46.06.021, Solid and                       The Department of
                                                                       hazardous waste management                    Envirorunental Conservation
                                                                       practices                                     mandates recycling, and funds a
                                                                       AS 46.06.03 1, Solid and                      hazardous waste reduction and
                                                                       hazardous waste reduction and                 recycling program and
                                                                       recycling program                             hazardous waste reduction
                                                                       AS 46.03.317, Hazardous waste                 matching grant program.
                                                                       reduction matching grants

                                                                       18 AAC 60.087, Hazardous                      The Department of
                                                                       waste disposal                                Environmental Conservation
                                                                       18 AAC 62, Hazardous waste                    adopts by reference federal
                                                                                                                     hazardous waste and used oil
                                                                                                                     regulations (RCRA).
                                                                                                                     Hazardous wastes generated by
                                                                                                                     boats are regulated under
                                                                                                                     RCRA. Hazardous wastes
                                                                                                                     stored or transported on land
                                                                                                                     are controlled by state
                                                                                                                     regulations.






                                                                                                                          Executive Summary, page 87


                                                                                                                                                                        1


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA LIQUID MATERIAL

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component


	Citation

	18 AAC 75.319, Disposal of
	hazardous substances

	
	How It Applies to the
	Component

	DEC approval is required for
	the ultimate disposal of
	hazardous substances and
	materials contaminated with
	hazardous substances.


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA PETROLEUM CONTROL

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Reduce the amount of fuel and oil
5	from boat bilges and fuel tank air
6	vents entering marina and surface
7	waters.


	Citation

	AS 46.03.740, Oil pollution

	AS 46.04.020, Removal of oil
	discharges

	18 AAC 75.327, Cleanup

	17 AAC 80.090, Prohibited acts

	draft operation and maintenance
	BMP manual


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	The discharge of oil into water and
	onto shorelines and bottom
	sediments is prohibited.

	Oil discharges must be
      immediately contained and cleaned
      up.

	Discharges of hazardous
      substances to land or waters of the
	state must be cleaned up by the
	responsible party.

      Depositing gasoline and oil into
	harbor waters is prohibited.

      The manual will include BMP's
	for proper fuelling and bilge
      pumping.


Executive Summary, page 88


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                            

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA PETROLEUM CONTROL

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component


	Citation

	Harbor management agreements


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	Harbor management agreements
	require operators to comply with
	all federal, state and local laws.
	Fire Codes require installation of
	automatic fuel shut-off nozzles.
	DEC has regulations on fuel
	containment.


1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: BOAT CLEANING

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	For boats that are in the water,
5	perform cleaning operations to
6	minimize, to the extent
7	practicable, the release to
8	surface waters of (a) harmful
9	cleaners and solvents and (b)
0	paint from in-water hull
1	cleaning.


	Citation

	draft operation and maintenance
	BMP manual


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	This manual will contain
	BMP's for in-water boat
	cleaning.

	
Executive Summary, page 89


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                      

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: MARINA PUBLIC EDUCATION

2	State Programs that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Public
5	education/outreach/training
6	programs that should be instituted
7	for boaters, as well as marina
8	owners and operators, to
9	prevent improper disposal of
10	polluting material.


	Citation


	How It Applies to the
	Component

	All agencies have a
	responsibility to better educate
	the boating public,
	harbormasters and marina
	owners on pollution controls.
	One of the Action Plan
	objectives is to develop a boater
	education program, using the
	expertise of the various
	agencies involved. The Coastal
	and Harbor Design Procedures
	Manual and the operation and
	maintenance BMP manual are
	first steps in that direction.
      Public education will be the
	main tool used to reduce
	pollution in private marinas.
	Through harbor management
	agreements and on its own
	initiative, DOT&PF posts signs
	at harbors to promote proper
	solid waste disposal.
	DOT&PF and the Department
	of Fish and Game also publish
	statewide directories which
	identify services, such as waste
	oil disposal, provided by
	harbors. The directories are
	updated periodically.


Executive Summary, page 90









             COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                   August 1995


                                                                                                             . . ......... . ..... ........
                         . ..... .....       .... ..                                             ...... ........ .... ............... ...............
                                                                                                            . ............. .... .. ..............

                                                                                                                                   ..........
              ........:.:.:.:...MANAGEMENT MEASURE             MAINTENA.N.QE:OF. SEW
                                                     ... ...........                                               .......         ......

                                       ... .. ......                    .... ........ ...... .................... ......
                                                                                         . ............. ..........
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                                                           ..................... .......... .....-.......                          .. ........
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    3          Measum:,Co- 0*06n
                                             ......                                                           Ii  fith
                                                                                                                es: oJ
                              ...... .. .....                       . .....
                          ..........               ..... .........                                                    ................ .......
                                                                        ............. .... ...                        ....... .............. ......
               ............ ...


    4           Ensure that sewage pumpout               Harbor management agreements            DOMPF can require operators
    5           facilities are maintained in                                                     to maintain sewage facilities.
    5           operational condition and                                                        Operators must comply with
    7           encourage their use.                                                             federal, state and local laws.

                                                         Clean Vessel Act                        Harbors and marinas that
                                                                                                 construct pumpouts using Clean
                                                                                                 Vessel Act flirids must maintain
                                                                                                 the facilities for at least five
                                                                                                 years.

                                                         draft operation and maintenance         This manual will address
                                                         BNT manual                              operation and maintenance of
                                                                                                 pumpouts.

                                                         I I AAC 58.690, Sanitation              Harbors and marinas on
                                                                                                 tidelands leased from the
                                                                                                 Department of Natural
                                                                                                 Resources shall keep the
                                                                                                 premises in a neat, clean and
                                                                                                 sanitary condition, and every
                                                                                                 effort shall be made to prevent
                                                                                                 the pollution of water.

                                                         18 AAC 72.930, Reports                  The Department of
                                                                                                 Environmental Conservation
                                                                                                 may require a person who owns
                                                                                                 or operates a domestic
                                                                                                 wastewater disposal system to
                                                                                                 routinely submit reports.

                                                         18 AAC 72.940, Emergency                The owner or operator of a
                                                         notice                                  domestic wastewater disposal
                                                                                                 system shall report to the
                                                                                                 Department of Environmental
                                                                                                 Conservation any shutdown of
                                                                                                 the system, any condition that
                                                                                                 results in inadequate treatment
                                                                                                 or threatens public health or
                                                                                                 water quality or flood or
                                                                                                 overflow.




                                                                                                      Executive Summary, page 91


                                                                                                                                            1









                           COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                        August 1995



                                                                                                               ..........  ....... .....                  .........
                                                             :A :6        M-
                                                                                                                                                                        .............
                             ...................                                                                                                 ... ......
                                                                  A    E ENTMEASURE?:i@BOAT@ SRATON
                                                                                                                                                                        . . . . . . . .....
                                                    . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .                                                                                . . . . ...
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                                                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                                              XX
                                                . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                             . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .               . . . . . .. . . . . ....
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               2                 .. .. . . ... ..........                        grams.:          ik`t.:LM::::                                             .... ..............
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                                           C  .......... .... ..                        ............. ** ....... .......                            .......             ................
               3                 ea5Uj*                                                                            .........                          ...  th ....
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                                 ..........            en                                                                       H
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                                  ......... . .                                                                                  0
                                                                                 .............                                                                  .......
                                                                                . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

               4              Restrict boating activities where                                                                 The Coastal Clean Water Plan
               5              necessary to decrease turbidity                                                                   will implement this measure
               6              and physical destruction of                                                                       where evidence indicates that
               7              shallow-water habitat.                                                                            boating activities are impacting
                                                                                                                                shallow water habitats.


                                                                               AS 16.05.870, Protection of fish                 A person who uses, obstructs,
                                                                               and game                                         pollutes or alters the bed of a
                                                                                                                                designated anadromous fish
                                                                                                                                stream must notify the
                                                                                                                                Department of Fish and Game.

                                                                               AS 41.23.420, General                            The Department of Natural
                                                                               management of recreation rivers                  Resources may regulate
                                                                               and corridors                                    boating, if necessary, under
                                                                                                                                management plans developed
                                                                                                                                for state owned land and water
                                                                                                                                within recreation rivers or
                                                                                                                                corridors.


                                                                               I I AAC 12.335, Closures and                     The director of the Division of
                                                                               use management                                   Parks may impose restrictions
                                                                                                                                on a use or activity in order to
                                                                                                                                protect environmental values
                                                                                                                                and resources. If the restriction
                                                                                                                                is significant, it must be
                                                                                                                                adopted as a regulation.















                           Executive Summary, page 92


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                

August 1995

1	HYDROMODIFICATION MANAGEMENT MEASURES

2	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

3	OF SURFACE WATERS

4	State Authorities that Meet the Management Measure

5	Measure Component

6	Evaluate the potential effects of
7	proposed channelization and
8	channel modification on the
9	physical and chemical
0	characteristics of surface waters
1	in coastal areas.

2	Plan and design channelizatiion
3	and channel modifications to
4	reduce undesirable impacts.


	Citation

	18 AAC 15.180, Certification for
	Other Federal Licenses and
	Permits

	AS 16.05.840, Fishway required

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish
	and Game

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish
	and Game


	How It APplies to Component

	Department of Environmental
	Conservation evaluates a
	project's potential impact on
	water quality before issuing a 401
	certification.

	ADFG evaluates a project's
	potential to impede efficient
	passage of fish.

	ADF&G evaluates a project's
	potential impact on anadromous
	fish habitat, including water
	quality and quantity, before
	issuing a permit.

	Proposed channel projects must
	demonstrate that water quality
	and natural water flow are
	protected.

	Project designs must avoid,
	reduce or mitigate for
	undesirable impacts on
	anadromous fish bearing streams
	before ADF&G will issue a
	permit.


Executive Summary, page 93


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                     

August 1995

2	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

3	OF SURFACE WATERS

4	State Authorities that Meet the Management Measure

5	Measure Component

1	Develop an operation and
2	maintenance program for existing
3	modified channels that includes
4	identification and implementation
5	of opportunities to improve
6	physical and chemical
7	characteristics of surface waters
8	in those channels.


	Citation

	18 AAC 15.180, Certification for
	Other Federal Licenses and
	Permits

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish
	and Game

	AS 16.05.895, Penalty for
	Causing Material Damage

	
	How It Applies to Component

	Projects must be designed to meet
	water quality standards before
      DEC will issue a 401
      certification.

	Proposed channel projects must
	demonstrate that water quality
	and natural water flow are
	protected.

	Project operations and
      maintenance must reduce, avoid
      or mitigate for undesirable
	impacts on anadromous fish
	bearing streams before ADF&G
	will issue a permit.

	ADF&G can require mitigation if
      existing projects damage
      anadromous fish habitat.

	This program will establish a
	mechanism so that restoration
	efforts of various state, federal
	and local agencies are
	coordinated.


Executive Summary, page 94


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                            

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: INSTREAM AND RIPARIAN HABITAT

2	RESTORATION

3	State Authorities that Meet the Management Measure

4	Measure Component

5	Evaluate the potential effects of
6	propsed channelization and
7	channel modification on instream
8	and riparian habitat in coastal
9	areas

.0	Plan and design channelization
.1	and channel modifications to
.2	reduce undesirable impacts.


	Citation

	18 AAC 15.180, Certification for
	Other Federal Licenses and
	Permits

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish
	and Game

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish
	and Game

	18 AAC 15.180, Certification for
	Other Federal Licenses and
	Permits

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats


	How It Applies to Component

	DEC evaluates a project's
	potential impact on beneficial
	uses, including growth and
	propagation of fish, shellfish and
	aquatic life, before issuing a 401
	certification.

	ADF&G evaluates a project's
      potential impact on instream
	anadromous fish habitat before
	issuing a permit.

	Proposed channel projects must
	demonstrate that important fish or
	wildlife habitat will be protected.

	Projects must be designed to
      avoid undesirable impacts on
	instream anadromous fish bearing
	streams and at a minimum,
	reduce undesirable impacts
	before ADF&G will issue a
	permit.

	DEC requires project designs to
      meet water quality standards
      before issuing a 401 certification.

	Proposed channel modifications
	must be designed so as to protect
	important fish or wildlife habitat.


Executive Summary, page 95









                       COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                             August 1995


                           ...................... ......  .......                    ..........      .......
                                                       ...................
                                                                                   .. ............          .... .. ..... .                .........
                                                                                                                                           ..........
                                                                 ... ........                                                             .......... ........
                                                    ............ ..... -- ...........
                                                                                  N                                                       .........
                                                                                                                                              ...............
                                                                                                                                               ............
                              ........U.-MANAGEMENT MEASUREV-1                                                                 . . .... ... ----  .........
                                 ...                                               STREA         :ANE...-RIPARIAN HART                            .......
                                                                                              K D
                             .........                                                                 ........... ..... ...... .......... ...............  ..........
                                          ............. ......    . .. .......
                                         . ...............I..... ... .- ........ ...... ............ ........
                                         ................-....  -.11 ...............              . .............                              .......
                                                                                                                          .............
                                                       .....              ..RESTORATION
                                                    ........................
                           ..........          ...... .... ... ....... .
                                                                                                            xxx...., ............. ................. . ...
                                                                                                                          ...........
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                           ........... .- ... ........ 11  ............
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                                 . ............ ..                                                                                 ..........
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                                                                                                  ................                          ...................
                           ...........         . .....    ...      .......     ........ - ... ... ....
                                            .......:.....  ..................
                                 ........... .        ......                               .........
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                                                            -:,sx,@: ::                                                                 0onft
                                          ...........

                                                                      ... ........... ..
                        ............                                                                                       ... ..... ... . .
                                          ..............
                                                                                                                                                 ..........


                           Develop an operation and                 AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish           Project operation and
             2             maintenance program with                 and Game                                   maintenance must be designed to
             3             specific timetables for existing                                                    avoid undesirable impacts and at
             4             modified channels that includes                                                     a minimum reduce undesirable
             5             identification of opportunities to                                                  unpacts on instrearn anadromous
             6             restore instrearn and riparian                                                      fish bearing streams before
             7             habitat in those channels.                                                          ADF&G will issue a permit.


                                                                    AS 16.05.895, Penalty for                  ADF&G can require mitigation if
                                                                    Causing Material Damage                    existing projects damage fish
                                                                                                               habitat.



                                                                                                               This program will establish a
                                                                                                               mechanism so that restoration
                                                                                                               efforts of various state, federal
                                                                                                               and local agencies are
                                                                                                               coordinated.
























                      Executive Summary, page 96









             COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                           August 1995



                                    ... ... .. ....        .............-   . ......               ...               .......... .......
                                                                            ............                . ......
                                                                            ...... ......                   .......
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              ....MANAGEMENT.@MEASURE- EROSION                                                                           I N D
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                     .11- ......-..........-....                                                                         ..........   ......
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                                                            --that"M        Ah&i@:   anagen
                    ...........I..............
    3            . .............  ....... .......... ate...Auth: odtids eet
                                                     ...................
                                .. .. ........       .......... ........
                                                ..........
                                                             ........ .. .. . . . ..                ...........      ......  ..................

                                                       .. ...........
                                                                      ...............
                                                                                                                     ... . .........
                                      ........             itat                            ......
                                                                                                           A H       t  C
    4                                                    C'
                      .. ....... ...                                                                          PID IeS@: 0.@l 0MP0PeK*-*.*
                                             .. .........
                                                                                                            ..... ... .....:. ....... ..
                                                                                                        .... ... ........
                                                                                                          ...........
    5
                                ...........................
                                                                                       ........         ......
                                                                                                                       ............ .............  .........
                                                          ...............
                                                                                       ..........                 .................. .
                                                         . . ......... .. .... ..... ..... ........-
                                                         .. ..................... ............ ......

    6            Reduce erosion and to the extent        I I AAC 93.17 1, Dam                     DNR may inspect dams during
    7            practicable, retain sediment            Construction                             and after construction for
    8            onsite during and after                                                          adherence to the terms of their
    9            construction.                                                                    erosion and sediment control
                                                                                                  plan.

    0            Prior to land disturbance, prepare      11 AAC 93.17 1, Dam                      DNR requires erosion and
    I            and implement an approved               Construction                             sediment control plans for dam
    2            erosion and sediment control plan                                                construction, modification,
    3            or similar administrative                                                        removal or abandonment if
    4            document that contains erosion                                                   necessary to prevent degradation
    5            and sediment control provisions.                                                 to water quality or aquatic
                                                                                                  habitat.


                                                         AS 16. 05.870, Protection of             ADFG may attach erosion and
                                                         Fish and Game                            sediment control stipulations to
                                                                                                  its permit.






















                                                                                                Executive Summary, page 97


                                                                                                                                    1









                      COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                          August 1995


                                         ...........                                                                        ............ .
                                   .......................                           ......               ..........
                                                                                                    .... ...........
                                                                                     M                    -0
                                   AGEMEN.TMEASU.RE..*:.;@@DAM@@@@CHE IC LANUP LLUT T.CONTROL- ... -

                                      ................ ........                                           ..........     ......-... ..... .
                                                                                                ............
                                                                 ............                             ..............
                                                                                                          ........ ...

                                                                                                                             ............ .........
                                                                         a      ee:@    6@:.  anagemen:...
                                                                                                             AM
                                          S*tAte,Auithon'ties 711          M t:th          M
                          ............
                          ...........                                                                      .........                       ..........
                                                                                                            "::     '-%% ..... -, . . ... . . .....
                                                    ....... . ... . ....... ............ ... .... . ...  ......... ....... ..... .
                                                                                       ..........
                                                                  ..............      .......   ..........
                                                                                      .............
                          ....... . . . . .                      .......  ......                . ...........
                                                                              ..........
                                                                                                                               C ........
                                                                                                                      ID 4191&   omponen
            3                                                                                   .........
                                                                                                            ...........-
                                                                                       ...... ....-............ ........
                                                                       ..... ..... ...                                   ......

            4           Limit application, generation and        Toxic substances are rarely used
            5           migration of toxic substances.           and are insignificant sources of
                                                                 pollution. However, if they were
                                                                 used the following authorities
                                                                 would apply.

                                                                 AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish         ADF&G may attach stipulations
                                                                 and Game                                 to its Title 16 permit to control
                                                                                                          use of toxic materials.


                                                                 18 AAC 60.015, Accumulation              Solid waste must be stored and
                                                                 and Storage of Solid Waste               disposed of according to proper
                                                                                                          performance standards.

                                                                 18 AAC 62, Hazardous Waste               Hazardous wastes must be treated,
                                                                                                          stored and disposed of according
                                                                                                          to specific c standards.

                                                                                                          Persons disposing of liquid-
                                                                 18 AAC 72.500,- Nondomestic;             carried nondomestic; wastes must
                                                                 Wastewater and 18 AAC 72.600,            have an approved wastewater
                                                                 Nondomestic Wastewater System            system.
                                                                 Plan Review


                                                                 18 AAC 15. 180, Certification for        FERC dams must comply with
                                                                 Other Federal Licenses and               State water quality standards.
                                                                 Permits


                                                                 I I AAC 93.171, Dam                      Dam certificates of approval may
                                                                 Construction                             address toxic materials and
                                                                                                          fertilizers. Proposed action on the
                                                                                                          dam may not begin until a
                                                                                                          certificate of approval is issued.

                                                                 6 AAC 80.130, Habitats                   Dam certificates of approval, DEC
                                                                                                          permits and ADF&G permits must
                                                                                                          be consistent with the Habitats
                                                                                                          standard, which requires that
                                                                                                          rivers, streams and lakes be
                                                                                                          managed so as to protect water
                                                                                                          quality.



                     Executive Summary, page 98









              COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                 August 1995


                      ............... . ..          ..... . . ..... ...                                          ........       -------
                                      ENT: M EASURE DAWCHEMICALAN                                       OLLUTANT.                     0     ... ....
                                                                                                                          CONTR.
                                                        ................
                                                                                                                         ...............

                                                                         M .   't       M  ... ... .......... ......              .........  ......
                                                                                            ahrag'e-       tL   GaSL U re"'       ........-. ..........
                                                                Trh
     2                ................ ..... tit                      t
               'L ..........M....... .........                       a      00.                     men                           ......
                                                                                                                                         ...............
                                                                                                                                     .. . . . . . . . . . .L. . . . . . . .
                    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                       . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L
                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                        xx::
                                                                                                                         . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                      . . . . . .L. . . . ..
                                                                                                                  . . . . . . . . . . .L. . . . . . . .
                                                                                         . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                   . ........ . . . . .. . . . . ....             . . . . . . .
                                                                                        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .
                     aSUre@  OM                                                      ...... .........                  jj*
                 M
     3                            non     ...................                                                    A
                                         ...........L                                                              pp: es:
                  ......... ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... . . . . . .                      . . . . . .
                                      L                    . . . ... . . . . . . .                                     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
                                                                                                                                        j.6
                 Ensure the proper storage and               18 AAC 60.015, Accumulation                Generators of solid waste must
     2           disposal of toxic materials                 and Storage of Solid                       meet DEC performance standards
                                                             Waste                                      for the proper storage and
                                                                                                        disposal of solid waste.

                                                             18 AAC 62, Hazardous Waste                 Hazardous wastes must be treated,
                                                                                                        stored and disposed of according
                                                                                                        to specific standards.
                                                             18 AAC 72.500, Nondomestic                 Persons disposing of liquid-
                                                             Wastewater and 18 AAC 72.600,              carried nondomestic wastes must
                                                             Nondomestic Wastewater System              have an approved wastewater
                                                             Plan Review                                system.

     3           Apply nutrients at rates necessary          Fertilizers are not known to be
     4           to establish and maintain                   used during dam construction or
     5           vegetation without causing                  maintenance.
     6           significant nutrient runoff to
     7           surface waters.
























                                                                                                      Executive Summary, page 99


                                                                                                                                             1


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                    

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: PROTECTION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY
2	AND INSTREAM AND RIPARIAN HABITAT

3	State Authorities That Meet the Management Measure

4	Measure Component

5	Develop and implement a
6	program to manage the operation
7	of dams that includes an
8	assessment of surface water
9	quality and instream and riparian
10	habitat and potential for
11	improvement.


	Citation

	11 AAC 93.171, Dam
	Construction

	AS 16.05.840, FIsh Passage and
	AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish
	and Game

	
	How It Applies to Component

	The construction, repair,
	modification, and operation of
	dams are monitored through
	inspections.  Inspections are
	performed by DNR staff and
	engineers employed by the owner
	operating under inspection
	instructions from DNR.  The
	owner inspection required by
	permit are reviewed by DNR for
	proper frequency and adequate
	content.  Major inspections
	during operation are the financial
	responsibility of the owner and
	are directed by DNR.

	The Coastal Clean Water Action
	Plan for dams calls for
	developing a dam problem
	database and development of
	BMP's.

	The Department of Fish and
      Game monitors compliance with
      AS 16 mitigation requirements
      and may require the developer to
	perform pre-construction,
	construction, and post-
	construction monitoring and
	habitat studies.

	
Executive Summary, page 100









               COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                            August 1995


                               ............... ...... ... .. .... ........-.................. .....                        . ...... . .....
                                                                                            ...............        ....... .......
                                                                                                      S
                    11:@iMANAGEMENT.@MEASURE:. PROTECTION. OFX
                                                            IMTA-       ... .....                       ...                                                 ......
                                                                                                                                            ..........  ............
                                                                                                                                           ............... ................
     2                                               No               EAMAND-RIPARIARMABIT                                                                  .......
                                                                                                                                   .... .. ........... .... ...
                 ....                 .....................
                                                                                               . . . . ......... .....-.. ......                    ...............
                                                                  ..............

                                                                                                           ..........                .............
                                             .................               ........
                                                                    .... ...........-.....
                                          tjjt                                                                                                   ...........
                                                     U    On les That@::Meotj                   M                    tM
                                                   A   th:    it-                                                                               ..........
     3                              M..',
                                       ... .. ......                                                                                          ..................
                                                                                             e.:@:@ anademen.                                ............... .......
                                                                                                                                                ................. ......
                                                         ........... .........           .. ..... ..                               ......... ......... .................
                                                  .....  ......... ............
                                              . ............
                 . ....                . ..... . .      ......                                                  .......          . . . .....

                 ... ...                           ....
                                                                                                                                            .............
                                                                                                            . . .... ....
     4           ....                                                                  .. .......                   0 :It A      I t
                                      ... .... ...                                                                            Pp i.es::, w@i omponent
                                                                           ...........
                  ... . . .....     ........... ...... ......... ........... ........... ...... .......
                                                                                   ............                        .. .........                         ......
                                                                                                           ...... ............. . ........ ....... .. . .... . ...
     I            Develop and implement a                         Excessive surface water                         Water that supports fish life may
     2            program to manage the operation                 withdrawals are not a significant               be removed or appropriated only
     3            of darns that includes an                       problem, because of AS                          if DNR reserves a volume of
     4            assessment of significant nonpoint              46.15.030 and .035, AS                          water for the use of fish and to
     5            source pollution problems that                  46.15.145 and I I AAC 93.14 1,                  maintain fish habitat. Water may
     6            result from excessive surface                   Water Rights, and I I AAC                       be reserved for the protection of
     7            water withdrawals.                              93.120-.130, Appropriation of                   fish and wildlife habitat,
                                                                  Water.                                          migration and propagation, and
                                                                                                                  sanitary and water quality
                                                                                                                  purposes.
                                                                                                                  Water appropriations may include
                                                                                                                  conditions to maintain a specific
                                                                                                                  quantity of water at a given point
                                                                                                                  on a stream or waterbody, or in a
                                                                                                                  specified stretch of stream,
                                                                                                                  throughout the year or for
                                                                                                                  specified times of the year, to
                                                                                                                  protect fish and wildlife habitat,
                                                                                                                  sanitation and water quality.


                                                                  AS 16.05.840, Fish Passage and                  The AS 16 permit from the
                                                                  AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish                Department of Fish and Game
                                                                  and Game                                        may also have stipulations related
                                                                                                                  to water quantity and quality
                                                                                                                  protection for fish and wildlife.
















                                                                                                              Executive Summary, page 101


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                       

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: ERODING STREAMBANKS AND SHORELINES

2	State Authorities that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

4	Where streambank or shoreline
5	erosion is a nonpoint source
6	pollution problem, streambanks
7	and shorelines should be
8	stabilized.  Vegetative methods are
9	strongly preferred unless structural
10	methods are more cost-effective,
11	considering the severity of wave
12	and wind erosion, offshore
13	bathymetry, and the potential
14	adverse impact on other
15	streambanks, shorelines and
16	offshore areas.


	Citation

	6 AAC 80.050, Geophysical
	Hazard Areas

	
	How It Applies to Component

	Development in areas that have
	been identified as likely to erode
	or flood may not be approved
	until siting, design and
	construction measureas for
	minimizing damage and loss of
	life have been provided.  The
	standard allows both structural
	and non-structural solutions to
	erosion hazards.

	
Executive Summary, page 102


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                 

August 1995

1	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: ERODING STREAMBANKS AND SHORELINES

2	State Authorities that Meet the Measure

3	Measure Component

1	Protect streambank and shoreline
2	features with the potential to
3	reduce nonpoint source pollution.


	Citation

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats

	6 AAC 80.130, Habitats


	How It Applies to Component

	Estuaries must be managed so as
	to avoid the discharge of silt and
	the destruction of productive
	habitat. Wetlands and tideflats
	must be managed so as to avoid
	adverse effects on natural
	drainage patterns, destruction of
	important habitat. Seacliffs must
	be managed so as to avoid the
	destruction of important habitat.
	Barrier islands must be managed
	so as to avoid the alteration or
	redirection of wave energy which
	would lead to the filling in of
	lagoons or the erosion of barrier
	islands. High energy coasts must
	be managed to avoid redirection
	of transport processes and wave
	energy. Rivers, streams and
	lakes must be managed to protect
	natural vegetation, water quality,
	important fish or wildlife habitat
	and natural water flow.
	Existing development that causes
	shoreline and streambank erosion
	is subject to ACMP consistency
	review when the project permits
	are renewed, if the scope of the
	development has changed
	significantly or the standard of
	review has changed since the
	permit was originally issued.

	See above


Executive Summary, page 103









                      COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                            August 1996


                                                                                      .. ..........                                ......-.....
                                         EMENTMEASU RE:@[email protected] BAN KS..AND....SHORELINES@..............
                                                                                                                                  .. .. ... ... ...
                                                                                                                               . ... .. ....... ......... ........
                           ..........                                                     .......                   .....


                                                    ......... .......
             2                                                                                      e-   easure.-
                                         ...............            ............
                                                                      ..... ...........                                                   ............
                                                                                                                    .............-.....-................... -.......................
                                                                                               ............. ... ...... ... ......... .. .. ... ........ ........ ......
                          ............                         . .....
                       ....... .......
                                                                                                                                             ..........
                                                                                                                         H**'.* t
             3
                                                 _.:: ......... --citiflon'                                                     C Quen @      ......
                                               ....... .... ..............                                                                    .........
                                                                                                                                             ............
                                                                       ................                        ...........

             1           Protect streambanks and                   6 AAC 80.130, Habitats                   See above.
             2           shorelines from erosion due to
             3           uses of either the shorelands or          6 AAC 80.050,    Geophysical             Development in areas that have
             4           adjacent surface waters.                  Hazard Areas                             been identified as likely to erode
                                                                                                            or flood may not be approved
                                                                                                            until siting, design and
                                                                                                            construction measures for
                                                                                                            minimizing damage and loss of
                                                                                                            life have been provided. The
                                                                                                            standard allows both structural
                                                                                                            and non-structural solutions to
                                                                                                            erosion hazards.
                                                                                                            Existing development that causes
                                                                                                            shoreline and streambank erosion
                                                                                                            is subject to ACMP consistency
                                                                                                            review when the project permits
                                                                                                            are renewed, if the scope of the
                                                                                                            development has changed
                                                                                                            significantly or the standard of
                                                                                                            review has changed since the
                                                                                                            permit was originally issued.





















                      Executive Summary, page 104









                    COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                                                   August 1995

                    WETLANDS, RIPARIAN AREAS, VEGETATED TREATMENT SYSTEMS




                                       .. ..... ... ......-                   .... . .           ...........
                                               ............ .....             .............. ... ..........                               ....-.....        11 .........
                                                                                                                                                            ..... .... ... .. ...
                                                                                                                                              ..........                            ...... ... .....
       2               -MANAGEMENT MEASURE: PROTECTION...'OF.,                                                                            N S.AN.D.R1PA
                                                                                                                         WETLA- 1)....                                              . @ RIAN..
                                                                                                                                                            ..............          ...I............
                                                                                                                                                                                    ...... ....
                       ................................
                       :::;*:!*:::@,:::!,:::,::,:*::,:::,:::::::::::.:::::::::.                                                                             . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................
                                                                                                                                          ........................... .............. ........-........
                                                                                                                         ................... 1. ......      ......................  ....................
                            ........... ..........                            .....................................
                                                                                                                         -.............   ...... ......
                                                                              ................-.....         ............-............................I............I................................ ........
                                                                              .........................
                                                                              . ........ ... ..... .I ...... AREAS ...   ............
       3                               ..... .                                .............
                                               ........... .................  .............. ........... ....            ................... . .....
                                                                                                                                          ...........       ......
                                                                              .................
                                                                                 ..............                          ...........      ... ........      ..........-.... ...
                                                                              ..... ..... ......... .....                                 ...........       ...........................

                                                                                                                                                            ..........              .......-
                                               .......                                                                                                      ........ .......... ................. ........
                       ..........        .......                ati*                       iesl
                                                                                 prit, h"                 M              th  M            S                 ......
                           ...........   .......-
                       .... ..................  .........
       4               -    : . . . .......                                                                                                                 ..........
                       ....... ................. ................ ........                                   ed:         e:: ea-urel....                    ...... -.1 . ................
                                                                                                                                                            .......... .... ........... ....... ...

                           ................. ...                 ............ -.........
                       .... ............. ..................   .......
                                                                                                   .. .............
                                                            .............     ....... ...... ..... .... ......  ___  ............  ....... .... ............. ..........-
                               ....... ..................... ........  .................... ........... ..... . ....... ..... ..          ..............    ....-.............. .........................
                            ..........         .......     ............... ..... ...........                                              ......... ........ ......... .... ... .........................
                                                                                                                                              ...... ........-..................... .........
                                                                                                                                              t.AIDD
                                                                                                 .................... ..
       5               me                               6-n-                  ....Cififtion .......        ..........        ......       .-OW.
                                                                                                                                                                                    ....................
                                                               ............... ...........   ..... .
                        .. ............................  .............................. . ....................                            ................. I.....................  -..............
                         . .........                            ...... .....                                                                  ..................................... ................
                          ............................................. .. ...... .......... ............                                     .......                               .......................
                                                                                                                                          ...............   ..................................... .......
                                                ...............
                                                                                                                                          i:tumpgo          n
                                                                                                                                                            e V;
                                                                                 ...........                                                                ......... .......
                       ...... . ......   .... ............... ... .....       .......... ....... . . .....                                . .. ..... ....   ........................ ............. ......
       6               Protect from adverse effects                           The comprehensive wetlands
       7               wetlands and riparian areas that                       strategy will consider the
       8               are serving a sigrifficant                             nonpoint source pollution
       9               nonpoint source pollution                              abatement potential of wetlands.
     10                abatement function and maintain
     11                this flinction while protecting                        18 AAC 15.180, Certification                                DEC will not issue a Section
     12                the other existing functions of                        for Other Federal Licenses &                                401 certification unless the
     13                these wetlands and riparian areas                      Permits                                                     project is designed, constructed
     14                as measured by characteristics                                                                                     and operated so as not to
     15                such as vegetative composition                                                                                     degrade wetlands.
     16                and cover, hydrology of surface                        AS 16.05.870, Protection of Fish                            Activities in riparian areas that
     17                water and ground water,                                and Game                                                    could impact anadromous fish
     18                geochemistry of the substrate                                                                                      strewn beds or channels must
     19                and species composition.                                                                                           obtain a permit.

                                                                              6 AAC 80.130, Habitats                                      Projects in wetlands and riparian
                                                                                                                                          areas must ensure that the
                                                                                                                                          biological, physical and
                                                                                                                                          chemical characteristics of the
                                                                                                                                          habitat are maintained.

                                                                              6 AAC 80.140, Air, Land and                                 Projects in the coastal zone must
                                                                              Water Quality                                               adhere to DEC authorities
                                                                                                                                          pertaining to water quality.

                                                                              18 AAC 72.110, anti-                                        Wetlands are included in the
                                                                              degradation clause of Water                                 definition of waters of the State
                                                                              Quality Standards                                           and must be protected from
                                                                                                                                          being degraded.










                                                                                                                                          Executive Summary, page 105


                                                                                                                                                                                           1


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

August 1995

2	MANAGEMENT MEASURE: PROTECTION OF WETLANDS AND RIPARIAN
3	AREAS

4	State Authorities that Meet the Measure

5	Measure Component


	Citation

	AS 41.17., Forest Practices Act


	How It Applies to
	Component

	Type A waterbodies include
	anadromous waterbodies that are
	wetlands. On private land in
	Southeast Alaska, harvest of
	timber may not be undertaken
	within 66 feet of these waters.

	Timber harvest is prohibited
	within 100 feet of an
	anadromous or high value
	resident fish waterbody on state
	and federal land in southeast
	Alaska, and state, federal and
	private land in southcentral,
	northern and western Alaska.
	Timber harvest on private land
	in southeast Alaska is prohibited
	within 66 feet of a Type A
	waterbody and must be
	conducted in compliance with
	slope stability standards within
	100 feet of a type B waterbody
	or 50 feet of a Type C
	waterbody.


Executive Summary, page 106









                COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                                                            August 1996



                                                                                                                                  . .......... . .........-.......
                                                                   ............... ....................................
                                  .... . .... ...                              .... ........ .
                                                                                                                                                         ............ ..
                           MANAGEMIENTMEASURE:@. RESTORATION.:@'OFI..WETLANDS...AND'......'............".."........,...,.."
                                                                                                                    ..... .......
                                                                                                      ...... .....  -.1.1. .... .....
                                  .............                                                            ............................
                     .. ............ .. ........       .... . .  ......                                                          ......
                     ............. ............                                                                                                          .............-......
                                  ..........
     2                                                                  RIPARIAN AREAS.                   ... ............... .....
                                              ...........                                                                                                ...... . ........ ..........
                     . .........  ............   .........         ...............-
                                                                                                                    ............
                                          ..........
                                                               ..........      ....                  . ..... .........                                   ......
                                                                                    ...............
                                                                                  ............... . ...........          .......
                                                                                                                      ......                             .................... .
                                                                                                                                                         ......... .
                                                                                                                                  .......  .......       ............ .......
                                  .............
     3                                                                              th
                                                                               es..                      W          easU               .......
                                                                                                6 t th'
                                                                                  ......................
                                        ......... .... .......                                                                                             ........
                     .... .....................                                                                                                          ... ...-...-...........
                                                                                                                       .....      ............           ....... 111.1 ..... ...
                                                                                                        . ..... .....                  g:::*:::::X.-'-.....'.- .*
                                                                . ............                                      ......         ......
                                                                                                                             .. ... ........
                                                              . ... . .......                            .........                                       ...... .......
                                                                                                                      ow:
     4                                                                                 .......-
                                                                                    ............ ... ..........
                  M e A*s" u re".. C: 6 m' i D q n e A     ... H                                                                                         .........
                                                                                    X-1--l ::@X@
                                                                                                                                                         ..........
                                                  ............                                                                                           .............. ....
                                                                                    ....... . .... .. .... ..............
                         ........... .................. . . ........... .
                                                                                                                                                         ....... .........
                                                                                                                                                         ... ..........
                                                                                                                                                         .............
                       .............. ........                                                                                                           ........
                  ........ ........... .................                                                            -C
                                                                                                                                                         . .........
                                                                                                                                                         ........ .. ...
                      ... .... .. ........
     5            Promote the restoration of the                                                                    Over 50 wetlands restoration
     6            preexisting functions in                                                                          projects have been
     7            damaged and destroyed                                                                             accomplished in Alaska.
     8            wetlands and riparian systems                                                                     Restoration projects have been
     9            in areas where the systems will                                                                   located in wetlands impaired by
     0            serve a significant nonpoint                                                                      forestry, urban development,
     1            pollution abatement function.                                                                     placer mining and oil and gas
                                                                                                                    development.


                                                                   Local coastal district                           About half of the coastal
                                                                   enforceable policies                             districts have mitigation
                                                                                                                    policies. Juneau and
                                                                                                                    Anchorage have wetlands
                                                                                                                    management plans that
                                                                                                                    supplement their coastal
                                                                                                                    management program.

                                                                   5 AAC 95.900, Mitigation of                      Developers who receive ADFG
                                                                   Damages                                          permits must mitigate any
                                                                                                                    adverse effects to fish and
                                                                                                                    wildlife habitat which may
                                                                                                                    result, or which actually results
                                                                                                                    from, the permitees action or
                                                                                                                    inaction. Additional provisions
                                                                                                                    for mitigating damages may be
                                                                                                                    attached to the permit.

                                                                   AS 27,19,020, 11 AAC                             Mining and gravel bailing shall
                                                                   97.200(3)(d), I I AAC                            be reclaimed as
                                                                   97.250(b), Mining Reclamation                    contemporaneously as practical.
                                                                   Standards                                        If the operation diverts a stream
                                                                                                                    channel or modifies a flood
                                                                                                                    plain to the extent that the
                                                                                                                    stream channel is no longer
                                                                                                                    stable, the stream channel and
                                                                                                                    bank profile must be
                                                                                                                    reestablished in a stable
                                                                                                                    location.



                                                                                                                      Executive Summary, page 107


                                                                                                                                                                        1


COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                   

August 1995

1	MANAAGEMENT MEASURE: RESTORATION OF WETLANDS AND
2	RIPARIAN AREAS

3	State Authorities that Meet the Measure

4	Measure Component


	Citation

	AS 46.03.780, Liability for
	Restoration

	
	How It Applies to
	Component

	A person who violates an order,
	permit or other determination
	of the Department of
	Environmental Conservation
	and thereby degrades the
	environment is liable to the
	state for damages, including an
	amount necessary to replenish
	the damaged or degraded
	resource, restock the injured
	land or waters or restore the
	environment to its condition
	before injury.


Executive Summary, page 108









            COASTAL CLEAN WATER PLAN, Public Review Draft                                                       August 1996


                                                                                :TREATME
                 ....  ..MANAGEMENT:...MEASU.RE:.:VEGETAT.ED.                                 N

                 . . ........
                        ............                              ............ ....... .. .... . ............. .......... .
                      . . . . ......                              ........ ... .............. .............
                    X:':x@ .................
                                                                                                                    ...........
                                                                                          ............... ........ ................. ..........
                                                                                                                  . ..... .....
                   .... ...... .......
                        ...........                  offies:t             0@it dMeasure...                  ....... ......
                                                                                h                                 ......
   2                                                             h                            ................  ... ........
             ...........                                                                    .. ....                 . .........
                                                                                          .............             ......... ..
                                                                                          ......... ..... .................
                      ..................
                                                                                                                 ................
                                                                                                      ................... .........
                      ....................                                      ..........
                                                   -J
   3                                                                                            Applidl
                                                                                    ... . ...........
                                                 ..........-................    ........ ..... ..
                                                                                   .... . ..... . .........
                 ..............................
                                                                       ......... ..... ......... ...
                                     ................ ........... ........
                                 .............                        ........  .........L........ xomponeat*
                                                                        ............
                                                                     ............. ...............
                                                                                ............         ...........
                                                                                                                ...........
   A         Promote the use of engineered        No state authorities have been
   5         vegetated treatment systems          identified which promote the
   6         such as constructed wetlands or      use of vegetated treatment
   7         vegetated filter strips where        systems. However, the Coastal
   8         these system will serve a            Clean Water Plan will make
   9         significant nonpoint pollution       funding available for VTS
   0         abatement function.                  projects if they are shown to be
                                                  effective.







































                                                                                          Executive Summary, page 109


                                                                                                                               1

























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