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               POLLUTION SOURCES AND ENVRONMENT.AL FACTORS


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         POLLUTION SOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
                 AFFECTING WATER QUALITY IN GREAT BAY



                             A Final Report Submitted to
     The New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services, Bureau of Food Protection
      and New Hampshire Office of State Planning, New Hampshire Coastal Program




                                        by
                      Dr. Stephen H. Jones and Dr. Richard Langan
                             Jackson Estuarine Laboratory
                            University of New Hampshire

                                     July 7,1995






                                U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
                                COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
                                2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
                                CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413




    This report was funded in part by a grant from the Office of State Planning, New
    Hampshire Coastal Program, as authorized by the National; Oceanic and
    Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Grant Award Number NA470Z0237




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       Sanitary Survey

            for

GREAT BAY AND LITTLE BAY
     NEW HAMPSHIRE



           June 1995







                           ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

      The authors wish to acknowledge the participation and cooperation of Mr.
Paul Raiche and Ms. Joyce Welch of the New Hampshire Division of Public Health
Services, Bureau of Food Protection. We also wish to thank Ms. Deborah Lamson of
the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory for her assistance in field work, Ms. Tanya
Ellsworth of the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory for researching town septic and
property information. Special thanks is due to Ms. Andrea Tomlinson of the
Jackson Estuarine Laboratory for conducting shoreline survey work, researching
town records, drafting sections of the report and preparing maps, figures and
appendices.









                                   TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                                   Pg
I. Executive Summary                                                                1

II. Description of Growing Area
       A. Location map showing growing area                                         31
       B. Description of area                                                       1
       C. History of growing area                                                  3

III. Pollution Source Survey
       A. Summary of sources and locations                                          3
              1. Map or chart showing the location of major sources of pollution   33
              2. Table of pollution sources                                        25
       B. Identification and evaluation of pollution sources
              1. Domestic waste
                 A. Septic systems                                                 7
                 B. Wastewater treatment plants                                    8
              2. Marinas                                                           12
              3. Stormwater                                                        13
              4. Agricultural waste                                                14
              5. Wildlife areas                                                    16
              6. Industrial waste                                                  17

IV. Hydrographic and Meteorological Characteristics
       A. Tides: Type and amplitude                                                 17
       B. Rainfall: Amounts, seasonality and frequency of significant rainfalls     18
       C. Winds                                                                    19
       D. River Discharges: Volumes and seasonality                                 19
       E. Actual or potential effects of transport on pollution to the harvest area  20

V. Water Quality Studies
       A. Map of sampling stations                                                 35
       B. Sampling plan justification                                              21
       C. Sample data analysis
       21
VI. Interpretation of Data in Determining Area Classification                       21
       A. Meteorological and hydrographic effects on bacterial loading             21









       B. Variability in the data and causes                                         22

VII. Conclusions
       A. Map showing classification                                                 22
       B. Legal description                                                          22
       C. Management plan                                                            22
       D. Recommendations for improvement of sanitary survey                         23

VIII. References                                                                     24



                                         List of Tables

Table 1. Potential pollution sources impacting the growing area with relevant sample
sites                                                                                25

Table 2. Fecal coliform (#/100ml) counts at low and high tide for JEL stations GB 1
and GB2, correlated with rainfall up to 24 hrs prior to sampling                     26

Table 3. NH DPHS database for sampling sites relevant to the survey area from
April 1992 to June 1995. Geometric means, 90th percentile score and classifications
of sites are also included. All scores in FC/lOOml.                                  27

Table 4. Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 ml) at DPHS-established shoreline/
surface water sites                                                                  29

Table 5. Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 ml) at sites in small tributaries
surrounding Great Bay                                                                29

Table 6. Effect of a storm event (1.08" on 9/5-9/6) in September 1994, on fecal
coliform concentrations (per 100 ml) at sites throughout the classified area.        29

Table 7. Comparison of paired monthly fecal coliform (#/100ml) concentrations
at low (LT) and high tide (HT) for JEL stations GB1, GB 2, GB 4, and GB 7:
7/93-6/95                                                                            30

Table 8. Effect of significant rainfall events on fecal coliform concentrations
at sites in the classified area                                                      30











                                       List of Figures


Figure 1. Map of the Great Bay Estuary with the survey area outlined in bold       31

Figure 2. Classification of growing area based on the 1991 Sanitary Survey         32

Figure 3. Potential Pollution sources in the growing area                          33

Figure 4. DPHS shoreline survey sites (1990) and Jackson Lab (JEL) GB sites        34

Figure 5. Routine sampling sites within the growing area and Jackson Lab
tributary sites                                                                    35

Figure 6. Sewered areas within the growing area                                    36

Figure 7. Wastewater treatment plants within the Great Bay Estuary                 37

Figure 8. Stormwater drainage streams within the growing area                      38

Figure 9A. Ebb current directional flow in Great Bay                               39

Figure 9B  Ebb current directional flow in Little Bay                              40



                                         Appendix A

Riparian House lots, septic system information and town tax maps                   41

Copy of letter from KI MacDonald NH DES Subsurface Bureau                         57








I. Executive Summary
       Many improvements have been made in local wastewater treatment facilities, and best
management practices at farms and other potential pollution sources have begun to become more
prevalent since the previous sanitary survey was published in 1991. The- results of the present
sanitary survey suggest that new areas can be classified as approved, and the boundaries for other
areas are now better defined. The new areas that could become classified as approved are in the
northern portion of the growing area, from the present boundary in Little Bay between Adams
Point and the cable crossing to a line from the tip of Fox Point to the northern shore of Colony
Cove. A thorough analysis of conditions and water quality in the whole growing area support
classification of the area with no conditions, including all meteorological and hydrological
conditions. The only exceptions to this are extreme meteorological events such as Hurricane Bob
and other rare events that would cause unusual pollution to occur.

11. Description of Growing Area
       A. Location map showing growing area,
       Figure I shows the boundaries of the growing area in question which includes the portion
of Little Bay, extending south of the mouth of~ the Oyster River to Furber Strait and the entire
Great Bay of southeastern New Hampshire. Boundary lines were drawn approximately 200
meters upstream from the mouths of the Lamprey, Squamscott and Winnicut Rivers. Each of these
rivers and the Oyster River, are treated as point sources of pollution for the purpose of this study.
The northern boundary line extends east from the southern shore of the mouth of the Oyster River
on Durham Point to the western most tip of- Fox Point in Newington for the purpose of this
Sanitary Survey.

       B. Description of area
       The growing area lies within the Great Bay Estuarine System of southeastern New
Hampshire. Specifically, the area proceeds southward from the mouth of the Oyster River to
include a substantial portion of Little Bay, then further south through Furber Strait at Adams Point
to include all of the Great Bay. The northern boundary is drawn eastward from the southern shore
of the mouth of the Oyster River to the western most tip of Fox Point, while boundary lines
southward exist at the mouths of the Lamprey, Squamscott and Winnicut Rivers. Water
movement within the area is governed primarily by tidal currents while secondary influences are
provided by the several tributaries that carry freshwater into the area. Beginning at the northern
boundary and proceeding counterclockwise around the perimeter of the growing area, major
tributaries in the area include: the Oyster River, Crommet Creek, the Lamprey River, the
Squamrscott River and the Winnmcut River. The Great Bay and part of Little Bay was designated by
the United States Congress and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as
a National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) in 1989 to promote long term research and public
education 'in order to better manage and preserve the diversity of natural resources within this vital








ecosystem. The Reserve includes 4400 acres of tidal waters and mudflats, with approximately 400
acres of protected lands through conservation easements.
        Great Bay is a large, shallow embayment with an average depth of 2.7 m, with deeper
channels extending to 17.7 m. Little Bay has an average depth of 3.4 m with areas of the central
channel extending to 15.2 m. In the southern portion of Great Bay, two channels from the
Lamprey and Squamscott Rivers in the southwest and a smaller, less well-defined channel in the
southeast meet in the center of the Bay to form a central deep channel which extends northward
through Great Bay to Adams Point. This channel carries tidal water into Little Bay. The tidal
range of the growing area varies from 2.0 m at Dover Point, just east of the northern boundary, to
2.1 m at the mouth of the Squamscott River. The area is subject to strong tidal currents and
vertical mixing, limiting the vertical stratification of waters throughout most of the year. During
periods of excessive freshwater runoff, partial stratification of the water column can occur.
       At low tide, approximately 50% of the Great Bay is exposed with most of the intertidal
zone consisting of mudflat and macrophyte habitats. The shoreline of Little Bay is also dominated
by large tidal mudflats. Extensive salt marshes exist along the upper intertidal zones at the mouths
of the Squamscott, Lamprey and Winnicut Rivers and at Crommet Creek.
       Several bivalve species can be found within the growing area including razor clams (Ensis
directus), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissus) and more
importantly, substantial amounts of American oysters, (Crassostrea virginica) and soft shell clams
(Mya arenaria). American oyster populations are highest in Great Bay at Nannie Island southwest
of Woodman Point. A smaller oyster bed can be found just south of Adams Point. In addition to
these two major beds, scattered oysters can be found throughout Great and Little Bay. Together,
these beds form a total area of twenty eight acres available for harvest. There are presently no
major oyster beds in Little Bay. Soft shell clams are less prevalent, with the abundance in Little
Bay estimated to be approximately 4 bushels per acre with a harvestable area of 430 acres. The
total harvestable area of soft shell clams within Great Bay is more than double that of Little Bay,
with a total of 1000 acres.
       The shorelines of Little and Great Bay are a mix of residential property, some agricultural
land and woodlands. Most of the land surrounding the watershed for the growing area is forested.
Agricultural use of shoreline land within the growing area is minimal and sparse.    Human
population along the growing area is moderate, with concentrated areas along the northwestern
shore of Little Bay in Durham, the southeastern shore of Great Bay in Greenland, particularly on
Brackett and Weeks Points, and the eastern shore of Little Bay in Newington. These residences on
Brackett and Weeks Points are predominantly summer camps which are seasonally occupied.
Shoreline ownership around the growing area is typically private, with some lands protected or in
government ownership. Acquisition of lands for conservation easements is an ongoing process,
with both government and private programs in operation. Two Wildlife Sanctuaries/Habitats
which fall under government jurisdiction border the growing area. One is a large protected area
which lies on the Newington side of Little Bay, beginning at Welsh Cove and extending southward








to Woodman Point, at the site of the former Pease Air Force Base. This natural preserve of 1054
acres, with approximately four miles of shoreline, has been designated as the Great Bay National
Wildlife Refuge by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Similarly, at Adams Point, between Little
and Great Bays, there is an established Wildlife Management Area which is administered by the
NH Fish and Game Department.

       C.   History of growing area classification
       The last sanitary survey on this area was conducted by John Seiferth of the NH Division of
Public Health Services in March 1991 based on research performed in September of 1990.
Classification of this area was based on water quality data from 1988-1991 and 1990 shoreline
reconnaissance work. Figure 2 shows that prohibited (a small portion of southwest Great Bay),
restricted (Little Bay and some of southwest Great Bay) and approved (north and southeast Great
Bay) classifications resulted from this survey. Since these classifications were designated, many
efforts have been made throughout the estuary to improve water quality. Most of the wastewater
treatment plants (WWTP) within the estuary have upgraded their facilities and received stricter
permit requirements from the EPA and the NHDES regarding chlorination and total coliform
counts in effluent. Farms within the growing area have begun to adopt Best Management Practices
(BMP) in an attempt to reduce fecal contamination to surrounding waters.

III. Pollution Source Survey
       A. Summary of Sources and Locations
              1.  Map or chart showing the location of major sources of pollution
       Figure 3 shows the locations of potential pollution sources to the growing area. A
discussion concerning each individual source follows in Section 2. The shoreline survey was
conducted by boat at both low and high tide in August and September 1994 by Drs. Richard
Langan and Stephen Jones and by foot in highly populated areas during April and May 1995 by
Paul Raiche, Andrea Tomlinson and Deborah Lamson. By boat, properties were surveyed at high
tide in order to gain close access to shore for better observation, while at low tide, any pipes
located below the high water mark could be more readily observed. Homes bordering the growing
area were evaluated by looking for malfunctioning septic systems, gray water pipes, outhouses and
other potential pollution sources. During shoreline reconnaissance by foot, many land and cellar
drains were discovered but none were determined as being potential pollution sources. One old,
abandoned outhouse with a cement foundation was found on the northwest side of Great Bay and a
suspected malfunctioning septic system was discovered in the same vicinity. Another potentially
malfunctioning septic system was found on the east side of Little Bay in Newington.  Both
systems have been reported to the appropriate town and state officials (See Section 1111 A. 2. for
results). All major drainage streams (those with a flow of at least 15 gpm) were evaluated and
water samples were taken from each of these major streams (see discussion in section mI. A. 2.).



                                             3









              2. Table of pollution sources
       Table 1 lists thirteen actual or potential pollution sources found either directly within the
growing area or within tributaries which flow into the growing area (Figure 3). Included in Table
1 are "Relevant Sample Sites." These are specific water quality sampling sites that have been
designated by both the Division of Public Health Services and the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory
staff which will show the effects, if any, that each pollution source listed in Table 1 has on a
specific section of the growing area. Figures 4 and 5 show the array of all sampling sites which
have been established in order to monitor water quality throughout the growing area. Sites GB 1-
GB7 (JEL) were established by Jackson Estuarine Laboratory (JEL) based on past and ongoing
studies to give a more comprehensive documentation of spacial and temporal water quality trends
in the southwest portion of Great Bay (Figure 4). Sites GB4A-GB80 (DPHS) are sites established
by DPHS to support the routine classification of the area (Figure 5). Listed below are sampling
sites included in Figures 4 and 5 which were routine sample sites in the evaluation of water quality
within the growing area for this study.

              Sample site                               Location
              GB1 (JEL)                                  Off Adams Point, Little Bay
              GB2 (JEL)                                  Center of northern Great Bay
              GB3 (JEL)                                  Mid-center Great Bay
              GB4 (JEL)                                  Southwest Great Bay
              GB5 (JEL)                                 Mouth of Lamprey River
              GB6 (JEL)                                 Mouth of Squamscott River
              GB7 (JEL)                                  Chapman's Landing, Squamscott Rvr
              GB4A (DPHS)                                Same as JEL GB3
              GB4B (DPHS)                               Just east of GB4A
              GB5 (DPHS)                                 Off Woodman Point, Great Bay
              GB6 (DPHS)                                Northeast Little Bay
              GB7A (DPHS)                                Southeast Little Bay
              GB7B (DPHS)                                Off Thomas Point, Great Bay
              GB15 (DPHS)                                Same as JEL GB5
              GB 16 (DPHS)                               Off Pierce Point, Great Bay
              GB 19 (DPHS)                              Off Fox Point, Little Bay
              GB23 (DPHS)                                South of Colony Cove, Little Bay
              GB50 (DPHS)                               Mouth of Oyster River, Little Bay
              GB80 (DPHS)                                Same as JEL GB6

Data for these sites are presented in Tables 2 and 3 and discussed in Sections IV, V and VI. All
major and minor tributaries have been evaluated. The major tributaries, the Lamprey, Squamscott,
Oyster and Winnicut Rivers are being treated as individual point sources of pollution. The results








for water samples collected from sites 1 S/A-15S  (Figure 4), which were established as a result of
shoreline survey work performed for the 1991 Sanitation Survey, are shown in Table 4. Fecal
coliform concentrations were relatively low (<43/100 ml), except at sites CC, 14S and 15S on July
12, and site 5A on August 9. Sites CC and 5A had lower levels on different dates, and the
geometric means for these sites were <43/100 ml. Sites 14S and 15S were sampled once, but
these are located well into the mouth of the Squamscott River, and should be considered as part of
this point source to the growing area.
       Small tributaries that empty into the southeast corner of Great Bay were sampled in the
summer of 1994. Figure 5 shows the small tributary sampling sites, G/N 1- G/N 11 (excluding
G/N 8), and the analytical results are presented in Table 5. Brackett Brook (G/N 1) and the stream
north of Great Bay Farm (G/N 7) had little contamination. The other tributaries had higher levels
of bacterial contaminants, especially G/N 2 and Foss Brook (G/N 3 & 4), as described below and
identified as PS 11 and PS 12, respectively. The other tributaries, Packer Brook (G/N 6),
McIntyre Brook (GIN 10), the Winnicut River (G/N 11), and, to a lesser extent, Shaw Brook
(G/N 5) and Pickering Brook (G/N 7), all contained elevated levels of fecal coliforms. However,
none of these tributaries appear to have much impact on water quality in Great Bay, based on the
results for the routine sample sites GB 5 and GB 16 (Table 3; see Section V).
       Pollution sources listed in Table 1 and below which are located on the major river
tributaries are considered to be either point or non-point sources within these tributaries. A brief
explanation of each source and its potential to contaminate the growing area is given below.


PS 1, PS 2, PS 3- The Durham, Newmarket and Newfields wastewater treatment plants are
potential pollution sources. The Exeter plant was not included as a potential source due to its
location at least four miles from the growing  area at the mouth of the Squamscott River.
Performance standards for these plants have improved over the past five years. Unless an upset
occurs at the plants themselves or at a pump station within any of the systems, these plants are
considered to be potential, indirect pollution sources.

PS 4 - Little Bay Buffalo Farm has potential to contribute fecal contaminants to the growing area
in the form of buffalo feces from the grazing fields. This contamination could reach the growing
area as direct runoff or through natural drainage streams leading to the growing area from the farm.
A sample from site 1A, located just off this farm, had little (6 FC/100 ml) contamination (Table 4).
The grazing fields here are large and the buffalo are scattered throughout the property. Therefore,
the likelihood of any centralized contamination is low.This is considered a nonpoint source, having
an, indirect impact on the growing area

PS 5 - Bittersweet Dairy Farm has potential to contaminate the Squamscott River with runoff
containing cow feces from the grazing fields. Manure from the barns is stored at least one mile
from the river and the grazing fields are well buffered by woodland. This is a nonpoint, indirect
                   j  :     2                 S   :              S~~~








source contributing to the water quality of the Squamscott River as a point source of pollution to
the overall growing area.

PS 6 - Stuart Farm has potential to contaminate the Squamscott River with runoff containing cow
feces from hay, corn and grazing fields. The farm has a small solids collection dam, a constructed
wetland and a one-way tidal gate in a detention pond as buffers between the farm and the river.
The farm is also practicing Best Management Practices, as recommended by the NH Office of
State Planning and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. This is a nonpoint, indirect
source that may influence the water quality of the Squamscott River as a point source.

PS 7- Great Bay Farm is located on the shore of the growing area and has potential to contribute
contaminants to southeast Great Bay in the form of runoff containing cow feces from the grazing
pastures and runoff from the corn and hay fields. This is considered a nonpoint, indirect source of
pollution to the growing area. Samples collected in the summer of 1994 from the Bay (10S,  IS,
11A; Table 4) and the brook on the north border of the farm (G/N 1; Table 5) revealed no
significant contamination.

PS 8 - Beck Horse Farm has little potential for impact on the growing area. The farm has only
fifteen horses with a barn setback at least 2000 feet from Great Bay. Potential pollution from the
horse farm would come in the form of runoff containing horse feces. A sample from the Bay
adjacent to this farm showed no contamination (8S; Table 4). This is a non-point, indirect source
of pollution to the growing area.

PS 9 - A suspected malfunctioning septic system in Newmarket is a potential pollution source.
This system appears to cause leaching of bacterial contaminants into a pond which empties into
northwest Great Bay. Fecal coliform tests performed on water samples from the pond outfall on
April 17 and May 31. These tests revealed counts of 1250/100ml on April 17 and 15,300/100ml
on May 31. These counts suggest a septic system malfunction. This situation is in the process of
being remedied through contact with the Newmarket Health Inspector and the NH Department of
Environmental Services (DES) Subsurface Systems Complaints Division, both of whom have
inspected the site. Appendix B contains a follow up letter received from the NH DES. This is a
nonpoint, direct source of pollution to the growing area. However, water quality sampling sites in
the vicinity of the pond do not validate this source as being a major contributor of fecal
contamination to this area. On May 31, a sampling transect was set up beginning at the pond
extending northward to Adams Point. Six sites were sampled along this transect and counts of
fecal coliforms ranged from <1/100 ml at Adams Point to 27/100 ml 30m from the pond outfall.
Other samples taken in the Bay (site SB) near this site showed no significant contamination (Table
4). These data suggest that fecal contamination from the pond may enter Great Bay, but dilution of
contaminants in the tidal water appears to minimize the impact to the growing area.

                                              6









PS 10- The McNeill residence in Durham has four horses. Potential pollution from this site could
come from runoff containing horse feces. Manure is collected and stored at least 400 feet from the
shoreline. A natural drainage stream runs from the corral area to the growing area. Little
contamination was observed at sites in the adjacent bay (site IS; Table 4). This is a nonpoint,
indirect pollution source to the growing area.

PS 11- Drainage stream G/N 2 located in the southeast corner of Great Bay had a geometric mean
fecal coliform count of 790/100 ml for three sample dates (Table 5). The stream runs adjacent to
Great Bay Road in Greenland. The contamination may be caused by septic system-impacted
groundwater, runoff or wildlife. This is a nonpoint, direct possible pollution source to the
growing area. Routine water scores (site GB16; Table 3) within this region indicate a high
attenuation of the stream contaminants before they enter the growing area.

PS 12- Foss Brook (G/N 3 & 4) was also found to have elevated fecal coliforms. Levels at the
downstream site (G/N 4) were at least 700/100 ml or higher on the three occasions in which it was
sampled (Table 5). Figure 5 shows the location of the sampling site to be at Bayside Road, at least
300 feet from the point at which the stream enters the growing area. By the time the stream
empties into the growing area, it is likely that much of the contamination will be diluted on the
spot. Water quality scores at GB 16 support this (Table 5). Contaminants may reach Foss Brook
from septic system-impacted groundwater, runoff or wildlife. This is a nonpoint, direct source of
possible contamination to the growing area.

PS 13 - Malfunctioning septic system/gray water pipe in Newington. This septic system was
built before NH started approving septic systems through the NH DES. The owner informed the
shoreline survey team that the two visible 3" PVC pipes were connected to the septic tank and one
to the leach field of the septic system. The same property also has a gray water pipe which
discharges laundry water only onto the lawn and eventually some of can reaches the bay. Upon
returning to this site to obtain a sample of each of these discharge pipes, no flow from any of the
pipes could be detected. Samples of bay water adjacent to this site revealed no significant
contamination (sites 13S, 13A; Table 4). This system remains under investigation.

B. Identification and evaluation of pollution sources

       1. Domestic wastes
              A.  Septic systems
              Towns abutting the growing area with residences on septic systems are Durham,
Newmarket, Newfields, Stratham, Greenland and Newington. The most densely populated areas
are Brackett and Weeks Points in Greenland and Durham Point in Durham.  Seasonal cottages
make up the bulk of the homes on the points in Greenland, while homes on Durham Point are

                                              7









 year-round residences. Moderately populated areas are on the east shore of Little Bay in
 Newington and the west shore of Great Bay in Durham and Newmarket.   Research was carried
 out at each town hail in order to obtain septic system information for each residence within 500
 feet from shore (see Appendix A). When available, detailed information including soil type, leach
 field area and distance from shore for each individual septic sys tem. was obtained. Where this
 information'was not available, the year the residence was built is given. Locations of homes are
 given by map and lot number for each town according to the town tax maps (also Appendix A).
 All homes within the growing area have individual septic systems with the exception of a few
 homes on Moody Point in Newmnarket which are linked to the town's municipal sewer system
 (Figure 6). Soil suitability for septic tanks along the growing area shores varies. Land closest to
 shore is predominantly composed of marine clays and shale. Moving inland from shore, gravel
 and sand deposits over a base of metasedimentary hard rock predominate.

                B. Wastewater treatment plants
        There are several municipal wastewater treatment plants which discharge into the waters of
 the Great Bay Estuarine system, none of which discharge directly into the growing area (Figure
 7). Those which may indirectly impact the growing area due to their location on tributaries
 associated with Great and Little Bays are described with a summary of operations as follows.

        Durham WWTP: The Durham Wastewater Treatment Plant is located off Route 4, along
*the northern shore of the Oyster River in Durham. The plant is approximately two miles upstream
 from the mouth of the river where it meets Little Bay. The plant went on line in 1935 as a primary
 treatment facility and was upgraded to secondary treatment in 1981. The plant services 850
 residences from the town of Durham and the entire University of New Hampshire (UNH).
*Serviced areas are all located west of the tidal dam in downtown Durham,4 north of the tidal portion
 of the Oyster River and west of the WWTP. Thus, all areas along the southern shore of the tidal
 portion of the Oyster River are serviced by septic systems, in addition to areas on the northern
 shore east of the WWTP (Figure 6). No industrial waste is processed through the plant.
 Wastewater is treated by grit removal, primary and secondary clarifiers, aeration tanks and then
 chlorination before discharge. All systems are duplicated. Dechlorination facilities are presently
 being installed with a projected completion date of late spring of 1995. Design flow, at Durham is
 2.5 MGD, average flow for 1994 was .98 MGD while peak flow reached 4.5 MGD in March
 1994. Like all wastewater treatment facilities, Durham has some infiltration problems in wet.
 weather which are continuously being abated. There are no CSO's within the municipal system.
        The plant is alarmed for high water and power failure with both audio and visual alarms
 which connect to a dispatcher at UNH. A staff member is on 24-hour call to respond to the
 alarms. There is back-up power at the plant to Prevent bypassing of wastewate r. As a result, there
 have been no bypassing events in the last five years. There have been four different occasions
 where there was an overabundance of filamentous bacteria in the secondary clarifier which resulted









in solids being discharged into the Oyster River. This occurred as a result of the overactive
bacteria causing the solid waste matter to become buoyant, flow over the secondary clarifier weir,
through the chlorine contact tank, and into the Oyster River. This particular problem occurred in
February 1991, twice in February 1994 and once in February 1995. The plant operator has called
in outside engineering experts to remedy this problem.
       Four pump stations transport wastewater to the plant. All are alarmed for high water and
power failure and all have back-up power. The main pump station is electronically alarmed and
connected to the UNH dispatch. Notification of pump station malfunction follows that of plant
malfunction, the person on call is contacted.
        Effluent is chlorinated at 1-2 ppm just before discharge through two 24" outfall pipes into
the nearshore area of the Oyster River where depth ranges from 1-4 feet at mean low tide.
Interruptions within the chlorination system are rare. The total coliform limit for effluent is
70/100mli. The geometric mean for samples analyzed in 1994 was 14/100ml. Studies done on the
Oyster River watershed further support the fact that the Durham WWTP had only rare impacts on
the contamination levels found in this system (Jones and Langan, 1993, 1994). Compared to the
fecal coliform loading produced by tributaries entering the Oyster River, it was found that the
Durham outfall contributed only 0.17% of the total fecal coliform contamination within the river.
Furthermore, upon sampling all major tributaries which enter Oyster River, it was discovered that
the Durham outfall had the lowest fecal coliform counts when compared to scores found at other
sites within the watershed, probably due to the disinfecting nature of the residual chlorine in the
effluent. Sludge is stored and composted on site in closed containers at least 800 feet from shore.
Septage pumped from private septic systems is taken only from Durham.
       Major upgrades occurred at the Durham plant between 1992 and 1993. They included
installation of three new diffusers, replacement of dewatering equipment, aerators and sludge tank
covers, wood ash introduced as composting material, new primary and secondary pumps as well
as grinders, new effluent flowmeters with ultrasonic sensors and finally, electronic controls at two
pump stations. In addition, as mentioned above, dechlorination facilities are in the process of
being installed at this time. As previously mentioned, there have been four documented
malfunctions at the Durham plant in the past five years involving buoyant solids overflowing from
the secondary clarifier, through the chlorine contact tank and into the Oyster River.
       Newmarket WWTP:  The Newmarket Wastewater Treatment Facility is located off
Route 152 along the Lamprey River in- Newmarket. The facility is located approximately 1.75
miles from the mouth of the Lamprey River where it meets the Great Bay. The plant has been
serving the community of Newmarket exclusively since construction in 1969, with a current usage
of 1200'residences. Wastewater entering the plant is almost entirely domestic, with the exception
of 55 GPD of noncontact cooling water waste from a local electronics manufacturer. The plant
was upgraded to secondary treatment in 1986. Wastewater is treated by means of primary and
secondary clarifiers, trickling filters and chlorination/dechlorination. Design flow is 0.87 MGD,
average flow for 1994 was 0.61 MGD while peak flow for 1994 was 2.5 MGD. Infiltration is a


                                              9








problem in wet weather and pipes get constant attention in an attempt to remedy this common
problem. There are no CSO's in the system. The plant is alarmed for high water and power failure
by means of electronic alarms and back up power is available. Plant personnel are on a rotating,
24 hour on-call basis in order to deal with malfunctions. Wastewater is not able to bypass the
plant, however, unchlorinated effluent has been discharged in the past due to a failure in the water
supply to the plant. This occurred in October 1993. Five pump stations transport wastewater to
the processing area. All are electronically alarmed for high water and power failure. Back-up
power is present and provided by the main plant. Problems in the past with the electrical line
carrying the back-up power to the pump stations have resulted in some overflowing at the main
pump station adjacent to the Lamprey River on Creighton Street. This has occurred three times in
the past five years, first in August 1991, then again in April 1992 and sometime in 1993.
Another trouble spot during extreme wet weather has been a manhole at Joyce's Kitchen in
downtown Newmarket. On days with exceptionally heavy rains, the manhole has burst, sending
untreated wastewater into the adjacent Lamprey River. On one occasion in March 1993 during
heavy rains, both the manhole at Joyce's and the pump station on Cedar Street overflowed.
Malfunctions with pump stations are handled the same way as those with the plant, where the on-
call staff member is contacted by the dispatch. Effluent is treated by means of flow paced
chlorination/dechlorination to achieve a final chlorine residual close to 0 ppm. Chlorination contact
tanks are duplicated. The outfall pipe is 15" in diameter and discharges into the Lamprey River at a
point where the pipe is exposed at mean low tide but completely submerged at high tide. The
permit limit for total coliforms in the final effluent is 70/100ml. The geometric mean for total
coliforms in 1994 samples was 17/100ml. Sludge is dried and dewatered on site and stored in
closed containers until it is taken to the Newmarket landfill. Recent upgrades which have occurred
were the installation of a dewatering system and a dechlorination system in 1993. As mentioned
above, there have been four documented malfunctions either at the Newmarket plant or at one of
the pump stations within the last five years.
       Newfields WWTP: The Newfields Wastewater Treatment Facility is located off Route
85 on the Squamscott River in Newfields. The plant is approximately 2.5 miles from the mouth of
the river where it enters into the southwest portion of Great Bay. The facility has been on line
since 1983 serving the community of Newfields only, with a present day total of 157 residences
and three minor industries hooked into the system. Pretreated industrial waste comes from
Kingston-Warren, a manufacturing company specializing in window moldings and metal shelving.
The two remaining industries are screenprinting companies which have just moved to the
Newfields area. Due to the recent relocation of these two screenprinting companies to Newfields,
their industrial operations are still being reviewed by the town of Newfields and pretreatment
requirements of screenprinting waste are pending. The Newfields facility treats wastewater by
means of a three-part lagoon system which acts as secondary treatment. Influent is first treated
with grit removal, then aerated in lagoons and finally chlorinated and discharged. Occasionally,
there will be days when discharge does not occur and wastewater is simply stored in the lagoons.
Design flow for the plant is 0.117 MGD, average flow for 1994 was 0.042 MGD while peak flow

                                             10









was 0.243 MGD in 1994. There are no CSO's within the system and minor infiltration problems
in wet weather.
       The plant is alarmed for power failure by means of an electronic telephone connected to a
dispatcher. Back-up power is available. Due to the size of the three-part lagoon system, an alarm
for high water is considered unnecessary and there is no possibility for wastewater to bypass the
plant If a malfunction should occur, the on-call employee would be immediately notified by the
dispatcher. Two pump stations carry wastewater to the lagoons. Both are alarmed for high water
and power failure and both have back-up power. Pump stations are equipped with both dry and
wet wells, and bypassing throughout the system would occur via a manhole before a pump station.
Malfunctions at pump stations are handled in the same manner as those with the plant.
       The effluent is chlorinated at a concentration of >2ppm just after the third lagoon.
Chlorination contact tanks are duplicated. Required installation of dechlorination facilities is
currently pending on the permit from NH DES which is up for renewal this year. The total
coliform limit for effluent is the standard 70/100ml. The geometric mean for TC in 1994 samples
was <24/100ml. The outfall pipe is located in the Squamscott River where mean low tide depth is
3 feet. Discharge occurs on the outgoing tide twice per day. There is no ongoing treatment of
sludge for lagoon systems, which is stored on the bottom of the lagoons and pumped every 15-20
years. There have been no recent renovations to the system and no documented upsets within the
past five years.
       Exeter WWTP: The Exeter Wastewater Treatment Facility is located on Newfields Road
along the upper Squamscott River, just south of the Route 101 bridge in Exeter. This plant has a
low potential for impact on the growing area due to its location at least 4 miles upstream from the
mouth of the river. The lagoon-style system was constructed and on-line in 1990. Prior to this,
the system was a series of stabilization ponds providing primary treatment and was upgraded in
1990 to provide adequate treatment of wastewater entering the system. Exeter residents, GTE of
Exeter and the Exeter Hospital are all served by the plant. A total of 3300 domestic units are
connected to the system. Like Newfields, the Exeter facility utilizes three aerated lagoon systems
with chlorination/dechlorination to achieve secondary treatment. Design flow for the plant is 3.0
MGD, average flow for 1994 was 1.6 MGD while peak flow reached 6.2 MGD. All CSO's were
separated from the system in 1992, except one at the main pump station. Like all sewer lines, there
is some minor infiltration with wet weather.
       The plant is alarmed for power failure with an electronic alarm system which signals a
dispatcher. Notification procedures in case of plant malfunction consist of the dispatcher calling
the plant operator who is on-call at the time of the malfunction. There are no alarms for high water
due to the 75 million gallon holding capacity of the three lagoons. Similarly, wastewater is unable
to bypass the plant due to the the holding capacity of the lagoons . Nine pump stations transport
wastewater to the lagoons. The main pump station, located on Swazey Parkway in Exeter,
contains a CSO, which is activated in heavy rains, draining into the Squamscott River. Pump
stations are alarmed for high water and power failure and all are equipped with back-up power.

                                              11








Notification of malfunctions with pump stations are reported in the same manner as those which
occur at the plant.
       Effluent is chlorinated/dechlorinated to achieve a final chlorine residual of close to 0 ppm.
The total coliform limit in the effluent is 70/100ml. The geometric mean for 1994 samples was
13/100 ml, however, there were a total of twenty daily violations in 1994 ranging from 75 to 520
TC/100ml. The problem is thought to originate in the dechlorination system, where there is a
possible leak in the lines, contaminating the effluent before it is discharged. This is an ongoing
concern for the chief operator and is in the process of being remedied. The outfall pipe is 30" in
diameter and is located along the Squamscott River, unsubmerged above the tide line. Sludge is
stored on the bottom of the lagoons, which are pumped every 20 years. Bottom feeding catfish are
kept in the lagoons to control sludge build up. There have been no major upgrades at the plant
since 1990, and there have been no major upsets or documented malfunctions at the plant in the
past five years.

       It should be noted that the term "bypass", as mentioned above in all of the WWTP
summaries, is defined as "an intentional diversion of a waste stream from a treatment facility ". An
example of this would be a gate in a clarifier or a pump station pipe which can be opened in the
event of heavy flow to release untreated wastewater. Bypassing is legal in New Hampshire if and
only if the event is unavoidable to prevent property damage, personal injury and if there are no
other feasible alternatives to prevent untreated wastewater from entering a water body. A bypass
differs from an overflow or the discharge of unchlorinated wastewater (PC Stephanie Larson, NH
DES). All malfunctions or bypasses which result in untreated wastewater entering a water body
must be reported to NH DES within 24 hours of the occurrence. This is a stipulation in all of the
above WWTP permits.

2. Marinas
              There are no marinas located within the growing area. There are, however, several
public boat launches which boaters may use to access the growing area. Those used most
frequently are the Newmarket Public Launch on the Lamprey River, the Chapman's Landing
Launch on the Squamscott River, the Adams Point Launch on Little Bay and the Durham Public
Launch on the Oyster River. Boat traffic within the growing area is minimal from September-May
but moderate in the summer months. Due to the shallowness and poor channel markings in the
growing area, most leisure boating is done elsewhere within the estuary. There are no known live-
aboard boats within the growing area. Several small boats are moored in the south and southeast
sections of Great Bay during summer months. In addition, there are twelve moorings in southern
Little Bay in the summer. All boats which use moorings are small, the majority of which have no
on-board head. The above mentioned mooring sites are all located in deep water areas with
substantial daily flushing.



                                             12









       3.  Stormwater
       Stormwater enters the growing area directly through various streams and brooks
throughout each bordering town. Figure 8 gives a detailed view of the major drainage streams
entering into the growing area. There are no combined sewer overflows (CSO's) in the growing
area. Figure 8 shows two drainage streams in Newington labelled 002 and 003. These are
permitted NPDES outfalls formerly used by Pease Air Force Base, presently used by the Pease
International Tradeport. Ditch 002, or Flagstone Brook flows north from the site and eventually
discharges into the northern, downstream portion of Little Bay not included in the growing area.
Ditch 003, McIntyre Brook, flows from the runway into Great Bay just south of Fabyan Point.
Both brooks are used for disposal of "stormwater runoff from airport activities" according to the
NPDES/EPA- issued permit. Activities resulting in the production of this waste include aircraft
maintenance, aircraft fueling, painting and stripping, aircraft washing and most significantly,
aircraft deicing. McIntyre Brook has the potential for having a more direct impact on the growing
area than Flagstone due to the location of the discharge. Major effluent characteristics which
require monthly monitoring in McIntyre Brook include pH, oil and grease, primary deicing
chemical (propylene glycol), surfactants, trichloroethylene (quarterly), and total recoverable iron
and zinc. Most of the runway and aircraft parking apron, industrial shop area and the entire
flightline area drain into McIntyre Brook. An oil/water separator is located near the origin of
McIntyre Brook and a newly installed separator is located on Flagstone Brook. One of the main
concerns with McIntyre Brook has been the propylene glycol content in the discharged water. This
product is used in deicing aircraft and can potentially decrease the amount of dissolved oxygen in
water.
       In 1992, as a part of the Air Force Installation Restoration program, shellfish tissue
analysis was performed on samples collected in the vicinity of the Air Force Base. In an effort to
evaluate the potential impacts of contaminants released from the Air Force Base into McIntyre
Brook, American oysters, softshell clams, ribbed mussels and mummichogs were collected at the
mouth of the brook where it discharges into Great Bay. Results of these analyses concluded that
aluminum, arsenic and potassium concentrations in shellfish tissue samples exceeded background
concentrations . However, the presence of these metals at the concentrations in which they were
detected did not indicate a significant health risk to humans, and the contaminants in McIntyre
Brook were not considered by the NH DES as potential health risks (PAFB- Installation and
Restoration Program). Other heavy metals analyses have been performed on shellfish tissue in
Great Bay in the past, most recently in 1992. Listed below are results from these tests with
detectable concentrations (ppm) listed for arsenic, cadmium, nickel, chromium, lead and mercury.
The FDA "edible portion" limits (ppm) are also listed. It is evident from the listed concentrations
that there is no risk of heavy metal contamination resulting from the Pease International Tradeport
industrial activities.




                                              13









Station                 Asi   Cr P                       b mg

Thomas Point (1)        5.80*      3.50       2.70    3.10    1.10    0.07
Oyster tissue

Nannie Island (1)       8.80       3.70       4.10    3.80    1.30    0.17
Oyster tissue

Nannie Island (2)       NA*        0.33       0.58    1.20    1.30    NA
Mussel tissue

FDA  Guideline          NA         25.0       533.0  87.0    11.5    1.0
Edible portion

* All concentrations in ppm dry weight
**NA-not available
(1) USEPA/NCCOSC (1994)
(2) Isaza et al. (1989)

       In addition to Mcintyre and Flagstone Brooks, there are two non-permitted drainage brooks
located on the Pease international Tradeport property which drain into the southeast portion of
Great Bay on both sides of McIntyre Brook. They are Peverly Brook and Pickering Brook (Figure
8). Runoff is characterized predominantly by overland flow to these streams. The Pease
International Tradeport has adopted a Stormwater Best Management Practices Plan in order to
properly handle all stormwater waste originating at the facility.

       4. Agricultural waste
       Agricultural use of land within the growing area has greatly declined during the past fifty
years. At present, there are two small horse farms, one dairy farm and one buffalo farm located
along the shoreline of the growing area. Other cow farms (both dairy and beef) outside of the
growing area are located upstream on the Squamscott River in Stratham (see Figure 3, Pollution
Sources). Listed below are brief summaries of activities on these various farms and site numbers
which can be cross referenced to Figure 3. Information was obtained through personal
communications with farm owner/operators.

Langley-Little Bay Buffalo FarmJPS4
247 Durham Point Rd.
Durham, NH
       This is a fifty six acre buffalo farm with twenty nine buffalo and one horse located at the

                                            14








northern boundary of the growing area. Animals cannot enter the water and the closest the pasture
area gets to the water is about 15 meters. A fence separates the grazing area from the water. Hay
is grown on the property with. occasional manure spreading.

Bittersweet Dairy Farm/PS5
Portsmouth Ave.
Stratham, NH
       This is a three hundred acre farm with 125 cows and two pigs located on the lower
Squamscott River outside of the growing area. Animals cannot enter the water and the entire
pasture is fenced off. Manure storage is approximately one mile from the Squamscott River. The
pasture is buffered by woodland. Pesticide and fertilizer are used on the fields.

Stuart Farn/PS6
John Merrill
Portsmouth Ave.
Stratham, NH
       This is a dairy farm with 100-200 cows located on the lower Squamscott River outside of
the actual growing area. Cows cannot enter the water directly. Manure storage is located within a
picket dam behind the barn. There is a 600 m drainage ditch for the milkhouse wastes and runoff
from the manure storage which goes to a pond with a tidal gate, through saltmarsh and then
discharged into the Squamscott River. In 1993, the Natural Resources Conservation Service
supported construction of a small solids collection dam and a constructed wetland upstream on the
ditch close to the manure storage area. The farm is under Best Management Practices
classification as assigned by the NH Office of State Planning. Manure is applied to hay and corn
fields at rate of 10 tons/acre and 20-25 tons/acre, respectively. There is minimal field application
of manure near the drainage ditch.

Great Bay Farm/PS7
Cynthia and Allen Smith
125 Newington Rd.
Greenland, NH

       This is a two hundred thirty nine acre dairy farm with 200 cows, two horses and a pony,
located on southeast side of Great Bay. Cows cannot enter the water directly. Manure is stored
behind the barn, approximately 1000 meters from the bay. Manure is applied to the hay fields
bordering Great Bay at a rate of 10 tons/acre and corn fields from 20-25 tons/acre twice per year.
Both fields are buffered by at least 100 feet of woodland. A manure storage system has been
installed to cut down on runoff contamination from  the barn.  The farm is under Best
Management Practices (BMP) classification as assigned by the NH Office of State Planning.


                                             15









Beck Horse Farm/PS8
Franklin Beck
632 Bayside Rd.
Greenland, NH
       This property consists of eighty four acres and fifteen horses used for trail rides, just east
of Weeks Point in the southeast portion of Great Bay. Animals have access to the water but do not
enter the bay water directly. Manure is stored and spread on hay fields throughout the year.
Natural drainage occurs via brooks and streams.

Spinney Beef Fam/PS9
241 Fox Point Rd.
Newington, NH
       This is a forty-two acre farm with thirteen beef cows located on Broad Cove, east of the
northern boundary of growing area. Manure storage area is approximately 400 meters from a
tributary to Pickering Brook. Cows enter this brook on occasion. Manure is spread once a year
on the hay fields.


McNeil Horses/PS 10
44 Colony Cove Rd.
Durham, NH
       Less than half an acre area with four horses only, located on Durham Point at the northern
boundary of the growing area. Horses are primarily kept in the barn and occasionally ridden in a
fenced in area about 15 meters from shore. The horses cannot enter the water. Manure is collected
and transported daily to a storage area 130 meters from shoreline. Some natural drainage occurs
from the riding area into Little Bay. No fertilizers or pesticides are used on the land.

       All of the above mentioned farms are practicing responsible management procedures to
prevent manure from contaminating the respective bordering water bodies. Nonetheless, runoff
from these farms, especially in spring time, may contribute to nonpoint source pollution within the
growing area or to tributaries entering the growing area.
       5. Wildlife areas
       There are two wildlife preserves within the growing area. One is located in Newington at
the site of the former Pease Air Force Base. It consists of a 1054 acre area bordering Little and
Great Bay which has been designated as a Wildlife Sanctuary by the National Fish and Wildlife
Service. The other preserve is located at Adams Point and administered by the NH Fish and Game
Department as a Wildlife Management Area.
       Mammals living within the growing area include whitetail deer, beaver, red fox, mink,
otter, muskrat, coyote and raccoon. In addition, Great Bay is part of the Atlantic flyway and an

                                             16








important migratory stopover as well as wintering area for many waterfowl and wading birds. As
a result, there are substantial populations of both seasonal and year round waterfowl throughout
the growing area. Common species include cormorants, swans, Canadian geese, bald eagles, sea
gulls, terns, ducks, herons, snowy egrets, common loons, and a large variety of perching birds.
Waterfowl populations undoubtedly have a direct affect on water quality throughout the growing
area.
       6.  Industrial waste
       There are no major industrial activities on the shores of Great Bay or Little Bay with the
exception of the Pease International Tradeport. Possible impacts of Pease are mentioned in the
Stormwater section of this report. Small scale, light manufacturing is practiced along the Lamprey
River in Newmarket and along the Squamscott/Exeter River in Exeter and Newfields, well outside
of the growing area.

IV.  Hydrographic and Meteorological Characteristics

       A.  Tides:  Type and amplitude
              Little and Great Bay experience diurnal tides. Mean tidal range varies from 2.0 m
at Dover Point, just east of the northern boundary, to 2.1 m at the mouth of the Squamscott River
at the southwest end of the growing area. Water volume within the entire estuary is 166x106 m3 at
low tide, increasing to 230x106 m3 at high tide. Specifically, the water surface of Great Bay
covers 11 km2 at mean low tide, increasing to 23 km2 of water surface area covered at mean high
tide.  Freshwater input to the growing area comes mainly from the Lamprey, Squamscott, and
Winnicut Rivers in the south, and the Oyster River in the north. River flows vary seasonally, the
greatest volumes occurring at times of spring runoff. Although freshwater input into the growing
area is prevalent, tidal currents regulate overall current direction more than density-driven
circulation patterns. Total freshwater input into the estuary represents an average 2% of the tidal
prism volume, increasing slightly under wet weather and snowmelt conditions. Tidal current
turbulence produces a vertically well mixed water column within the two bays. Distinctive mixing
zones resulting from inputs from the east and west sides of Great Bay and the convergence of the
Squamscott and Lamprey Rivers that occurs between JEL sites GB2 and GB4, respectively (see
Figure 4). Partial stratification may occur during periods of intense freshwater runoff, especially at
the upper tidal reaches of the tributaries entering the area. Generally, ebb currents are faster than
flood currents, particularly in areas with restricted cross sectional areas such as Furber Strait.
Figure 9 gives a detailed account of mid-ebb circulation patterns in the growing area. Within the
growing area, currents tend to flow into the main channel on both ebb and flood tides. At Furber
Strait, current speeds average up to 1.0 m/sec whereas average current speeds range between 0.5-
0.6 m/sec in Great Bay and 0.75 m/sec in Little Bay. The strongest currents within a tidal cycle
tend to be concentrated in a central core in the flow, especially in restricted sites such as Furber
Strait. In other lower, narrower portions of the growing area, an overall increase in tidal amplitude

                                              17








and energy dissipation can be observed.
       Flushing time for Great and Little Bay ranges between 18 and 26 days or 36-52 tidal
cycles. Contamination to the growing area would be well diluted within this time and dispersed
due to the freshwater inputs and strong tidal driven currents into the system.

       B. Rainfall: Amounts, seasonality and frequency of significant rainfalls
       Listed below are monthly and yearly total inches of rainfall from January, 1992 to June,
1995. Rain gauge measurements from Durham, NH, were obtained from Dr. Barry Keim and
Robert Adams, the present and former NH State Climatologists. The frequency of rainfall events
>0.5"/48 h are noted in parentheses.

              1992               1993                1994                  1995

January       NA*                 1.62(1)             4.88(5)               4.45(4)
February      NA                  2.77(3)             1.60(1)               2.76(3)
March         NA                  4.63(3)             5.46(4)               1.87(1)
April         NA                  4.80(7)             2.76(2)               1.85(1)
May           NA                  0.73(0)             4.02(4)               2.74(3)
June          NA                  2.44(1)             1.73(1)
July          4.11(4)             1.49(1)             2.20(1)
August        3.58(3)             2.21(3)             4.05(3)
September    2.74(4)              4.19(5)             7.26(3)
October       3.39(2)             3.08(3)             0.19(0)
November    5.20(4)               3.81(4)             2.88(2)
December      2.45(3)             5.58(3)             5.55(3)

Yearly total   21.47(20)          37.35(34)           42.61(29)             15.59(13)
Yearly mean   3.58 (3.3)          3.11 (2.8)          3.55 (2.4)            2.67 (2.2)

*NA= Not Available

Overall, the mean monthly rainfall is 3.25", with an average of 2.7 rainfall events/month that were
>0.5"/48 h. Monthly precipitation ranged from 0.19 to 7.26 inches, both values for consecutive
months (November and October) in 1994. There were a total of 96 1-2 day rainfall events with
>0.5" rain within 48 h periods. These events were relatively evenly distributed during the months
when shellfish could be harvested (September-June). The sampling conducted for water quality
monitoring by DPHS and auxiliary sampling by JEL included 19 of these 96 events.




                                             18









       C. Winds
Winds affecting the growing area tend to come from the north and northwest in the fall and winter
months and from the southwest during spring and summer months. Northeasterly winds are
typical of storms. Wind-driven waves can greatly affect current direction and speed, especially in
the shallower areas of Great Bay. Northeast winds tend to restrict ebb currents, holding water in
the bays, while southwest winds restrict flood currents from flowing into the growing area. Wind
waves that influence the bottom can resuspend sediments, increasing turbidity levels and particle-
associated contaminants above those produced by regular tidal currents alone. Wind waves may
also influence grain-size distributions and sediment transport within the growing area. Current
velocities at the sediment surface can become greater than tidal current velocities as a result of wind
waves, especially in the shallower areas of the growing area where overall tidal current strength
tends to be low. In general, the effects of tidal currents throughout the bays may at times be
significantly modified by wind-driven currents.

       D.  River Discharges:  Volumes and seasonality
              Major tributaries entering into the growing area are the Lamprey, Oyster and
Squamscott Rivers. Listed below are river discharge data in cubic feet per second (cfs) for those
three rivers obtained from the US Geological Survey Water Data Reports for water years (October-
September) 1992 and 1993.

Ovster River  78km2 drainage area

Annual mean discharge  16.8 cfs (1992)
                         18.5 cfs (1993)

Lamnrev River 543 km2 drainage area

Annual mean discharge 258 cfs (1992)
                       267 cfs (1993)

Sauamscott River 331 km2 drainage area

Annual mean discharge 163 cfs * (1991)


*At present, there is no gauge located on the Squamscott River. The annual mean here is an
estimated value based on regression of mean discharge data from Lamprey, Oyster and Salmon
Falls Rivers.








       E. Actual or potential effects of transport on pollution to the harvest area
       Nonpoint source pollution is the major source of fecal contamination to the classified area,
as there are no point sources within the area. Nonpoint source pollution enters the area as either
urban runoff, groundwater seepage from on-site septic systems, wildlife, boats, agricultural
runoff, or as the result of shoreline development. Stream flow from tributaries entering the estuary
carries 50% of the annual precipitation to the area. This less saline water is well mixed within the
water column and diluted upon entering the respective bays. The impact of one storm event (1.08"
rain in 48 h) in September, 1994 on FC concentrations in the classified area is shown in Table 6.
FC values remained low (<14 FC/100 ml) over the three day period from GB6 (DPHS) down to
GB5 (DPHS). FC levels were slightly higher at GB2 (JEL) the first day, then were <14/100 ml
the next two days. At GB 4B, FC levels were high the first day and much lower the next two
days. These data suggest that rainfall-associated contaminants can enter the classified area from the
tributaries, but are rapidly attenuated in the channels leading into the approved area.
       Transport of fecal-borne contaminants associated with freshwater in tributaries is dictated to
a large extent by tidal mixing. Tidal currents act to disperse contaminants within the growing area
by providing a well mixed water column. Since the growing area is subject to daily tidal influence,
contaminants are continuously being flushed from the system on outgoing tides. With each
incoming tide, a volume almost equal to that present at low tide returns to Great Bay, producing
significant dilution of contaminants already present. This water returning to the growing area on
an incoming tide will contain some of the same contaminants which were carried out with the ebb
tide, but they will be more diluted and dispersed as a result of travel through the estuary.
Furthermore, contaminant travel throughout the growing area is confined to the main channels with
limited lateral flow and dispersion to shoreline areas. A comparison of more recent (July, 1993 to
June, 1995) FC values at four sites (see Figure 4) along a transect from Adams Point into the
Squamscott River for paired high and low tide samples is illustrated in Table 7. Geometric mean
values for three of the sites (GB2, 4, 7) were significantly higher at low tide than at high tide. This
suggests that these sites are significantly affected by the freshwater-associated contaminants most
prevalent at low tide. At GB1, the geometric mean was higher at high tide than at low tide, but the
difference was not significant. Other studies at JEL have suggested that the flow of water across
the shallows of Great Bay at low tide, especially between GB2 and GB4, has a cleansing effect.
This is caused by flocculation and settling of particulate and colloidal materials, with attached
bacterial contaminants, when less saline water from the Lamprey and Squamscott rivers mixes with
the more saline waters in Great Bay. Thus, tidal currents and mixing have a generally beneficial,
cleansing effect on the water overlying the shellfish in the classified area.


V. Water Quality Studies
       A. Map of sampling stations
       Figure 10 shows the sites established by the NH Division of Public Health Services in
order monitor the water quality of the growing area. Several sampling sites have been added to the

                                               20








area since the last survey was performed in 1991. They are: GB 16, which was added to give a
better representation of water quality in the southeast portion of the Great Bay; GB 4B, which
together with GB 4A and GB 5 reflect water quality conditions in the central part of Great Bay; GB
7A and GB 7B, which monitor the southernmost area of Little Bay and the northernmost area of
Great Bay respectively; GB 23 and GB 19 which reflect water column conditions in northeast and
north central Little Bay respectively. These additional sampling sites sampling give a much more
comprehensive view of water quality throughout Little and Great Bays.

       B.: Sampling plan justification
       Systematic random sampling was used to obtain all water samples. Samples were therefore
obtained under both normal and adverse conditions for the past two years. Numerous water
quality monitoring programs performed by researchers at Jackson Estuarine Lab have indicated that
that fecal coliform concentrations may increase in the tributaries to Great and Little Bays under
adverse conditions such as high rainfall and storms, however, no consistent trend has been
observed for sampling sites within the growing areas (Tables 2 and 3; also see Section VI). Other
water quality studies performed at JEL have shown that there is little difference between fecal
coliform counts within the growing area at high and low tide.

       C. Sample data analysis
       The database for sampling sites relevant to the survey area are presented in Table 3.
Included in the table are the coliform concentrations/100 ml for each station and sampling date, the
number of samples collected and the 90th percentile score. The site numbers may be cross
referenced with Figure 10 for exact geographic location. The results of the data analysis indicate
that sites GB 4A, GB 4B, GB 5, GB 6, GB 7A, GB 7B, GB 16, GB 19 and GB 23 meet the
requirements for approved classification using the Systematic Random Sampling Program (i.e.
Geometric mean < 14 FC/100 ml and the 90th percentile < 43 FC/100ml). Sites GB 50 and GB 80
satisfy the criteria for restricted waters while GB 15 is prohibited.

VI.  Interpretation of Data in Determining Area Classification

       A. Meteorological and hydrographic effects on bacterial loading
       The classification of the growing waters depends on the 90th percentile value calculated for
water quality data. This value assumes that intermittent pollution events are unknown and random.
One potentially identifiable and definable condition that may be a consistent cause of pollution is
rainfall-associated runoff. Table 8 shows the number of DPHS or JEL samples associated with
either rainfall events of >0.5 of rainfall during a 48 hour time period, or samples where <0.5
inches fell. In addition, the number of samples that had fecal coliform concentrations >43/100 ml
are also noted for each rainfall condition. Overall, there were 54 DPHS and 68 JEL sample events
(122 total) for which data was collected for one or more sites within the classified area. Of these


                                              21








samples, 19 occurred at times where >0.5" rain fell in 48 h, 6 of which had FC >43/100 ml and 13
had FC <43/100 ml. In addition, the 43 FC/100 ml value was violated 7 times following periods
where <0.5' rain fell in 48 h, suggesting that pollution events are not consistently associated with
rainfall. Referring to Table 3, there were 17 samples that had FC >43/100 ml. Four of these
values were recorded on March 30, 1993, when 1.47" of rain had fallen in 48 h on top of deep
snow, causing runoff associated with massive snow melt to occur. This phenomenon requires a
specific set of conditions and has not occurred every year, or even frequently, in southeastern NH
in the past ten years. Thus, rainfall and other meteorological events do not produce significant
unfavorable effects on water quality that are consistent and definable in the classified area.

       B. Variability in the data and causes
       Nine of the 13 concentrations >43 FC/100 ml not associated with snowmelt occurred in
December 1993 or 1994, when migratory birds are often present, especially at the northern and
southern ends of the classified area. Feces from migratory birds can obviously cause elevated
levels of FC in surrounding waters. However, many samples collected during times when birds
are present were <14 FC/100 ml, suggesting that the effect of birds is localized to their immediate
surroundings and have no consistent impact on the water quality of the growing area (Rivilla and
Gonzalez, 1989). Overall, the frequency of samples >43 FC/100 ml is low, and the 90th
percentile values calculated for 9 stations are <43 FC/_100 ml. The critical public health concern
about intermittent pollution events is that these events may represent periods when "...the shellfish
may be exposed to enormous quantities of pollution" (NSSP, 1993). The magnitude of pollution
recorded for the growing area from 1992-95 was never very high. For DPHS samples, the highest
FC value was 170 at two sites on March 30, 1993, while 12/17 of the samples that were >43
FC/100 ml were <80 FC/100 ml. For JEL samples, the highest FC value was 270/100 ml at GB 1
LT in May, 1994, while the other 7 samples that were >43 FC/100 ml were all <75 FC/100 ml.
Thus, even with occasional undefined pollution events causing FC values to exceed 43/100 ml, the
resulting contamination was still relatively mild and never constituted 'enormous quantities of
pollution'. It should be noted that FC values in the classified area have been shown to be
significantly higher following heavy rainfall events of >4" during 48 h periods. This has occurred
twice during the last six years as recorded by JEL scientists: once during Hurricane Bob in 1991
when 6.06" fell in 2 days, and once in September, 1994 after 4.22" of rain fell in 48 h.

VII. Conclusions

       A. Map showing classification
              to be completed by DPHS
       B. Legal description
              to be completed by DPHS
       C. Management plan: Not Applicable

                                              22








       D. Recommendations for improvement of sanitary survey
       In ensuing years, we recommend that sampling near the borders of the approved area be
expanded to include more sites, especially at the northern boundary. The new sites should be
established based on suspected sources of lingering contamination that appears intermittently
between the mouths of the Oyster and Bellamy Rivers, and down to the General Sullivan Bridge.
Another area of expansion could be up into the Oyster River, where it is wide with expansive
mudflats near its mouth. Finally, a more detailed survey could be expanded out of Little Bay and
into the Piscataqua River, to join up with other detailed survey areas.
       It is important to maintain a schedule that allows for frequent sampling at all routine sites.
The 90th percentile limit of 43 FC/100 ml can be violated if the database includes a significant
proportion of high FC values. In other words, less frequent sampling may run greater risk of a
small number of high values forcing classification of approved areas to be changed to a conditional
classification. Conditional classifications require much more intensive management and a great
deal of effort accurately define the exact condition under which areas need to be closed. Thus,
frequent sampling in areas typically unaffected by pollution events will most likely support the
more desired classification of approved.






























                                                23








VIII. References

Isaza, J., C. Schwalbe and J. Smith. 1989. Preliminary metals and organics survey in shellfish
from the Great Bay Estuarine System, New Hampshire, by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New
Hampshire Division of Public Health Services, Bureau of Health Risk Assessment, and New
Hampshire Department of Fish and Game. Joint Report PHS/FWS/FG 88-1. U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Concord, NH. 116 pp. NH Report No. PHS/FWS/FG 89-1.

Jones, S.H. and R. Langan. 1993. Oyster River Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment. Final
Report. New Hampshire Coastal Program, New Hampshire Office of State Planning, Concord,
NH.

Jones, S.H. and R. Langan. 1994. Land Use Impacts on Nonpoint Source Pollution in Coastal
New Hampshire Watersheds. Final Report. New Hampshire Coastal Program, New Hampshire
Office of State Planning, Concord, NH.

National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP). 1993. Manual of Operations Part 1: Sanitation of
Growing Areas. 1993 revision. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC.

Rivilla, R. and C.C. Gonzalez. 1989. Seasonal variations of pollution in a wildfowl reserve
(Donana National Park, Spain). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 67: 219-223.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Naval Command, Control and Ocean
Surveillance Center (USEPA/NCCOSC). 1994. Estuarine Ecological Risk Assessment of
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine. Technical report 1627. Naval Command, Control
and Ocean Surveillance Center, San Diego, CA.


















                                           24





  Table 1. Potential Pollution Sources Impacting the Growing Area with Relevant Sample Sites

                                 Potential Pollution Sources Within Growing Area
Site     Source                                Water body       Impact    Relevant Sample Site
PS 1     Durham WWTP                           Oyster River     Indirect    GB50
PS2      Newmarket WWTP                        Lamprey River   Indirect,  GB15
PS3      Newfields WWTP                        Squamscott River Indirect    GB80,JEL GB7
PS4      Little Bay Buffalo Farm               Little Bay       Indirect    GB23,GB6
PS5      Bittersweet Dairy Farm                Squamscott River Indirect    JEL GB7
PS6       Stuart Farm                          Squamscott River Indirect    JEL GB7
PS7      Great Bay Farm                        Great Bay        Indirect    GB16, 10S
PS8      Beck Horse Farm                       Great Bay        Indirect    G/N4, 8S
PS9       Suspected malfunctioning septic      Great Bay        Direct      GB7B
PS:10    McNeil Horses                         Little Bay       Indirect    GB23
PS11     Drainage stream                       Great Bay        Direct      G/N2
PS 12    Foss Brook                            Great Bay        Direct      G/N4
PS13     Malfunctioning septic/gray water pipe   Little Bay     Direct      GB 6, GB 7A























                                          25






Table 2. Fecal coliform (#/lO0ml) counts at low and high tide for stations GBI GB2, correlated with
                                               rainfall up to twenty four hours prior to sampling


                                                                                                                 Day  of           24  hr
                         DATE             GBI LT            GBI HT            GB2 LT            GB2 HT   cumulative    Previous
                         1/11193            18.0                                                              0.02              0.00
                         ZI9/93             2.5                                                               0.0               0.00
                         3/4/93             15.0                                                              0.00              0.00
                         3/23193            15.0                                                              0.00              0.00
                         3/29/93             2.0                                                              0.46              0.00
                         4/2ZI93             8.0                                                              0.06              0.00
                         5/693              85                                   7-5                          0.05     G    M     0
                         5/11IN3            16.0                                 17.0                         0.07              0.00
                         5/2/9              18.0                                                              0.39              0.39
                         6/2/9              4.5                                  2.0                          0.83              0.83
                         6/3/93             5.0                                 16.0                          0.00              0.00
                         6/2/93             6.0                                  9.5                          0.47              0.47
                         6/24/93             6.0                                 15.0                         0.00              0.00
                         6/2/3M              0.8                                                              0.00              0.00
                         7/5/93                                                                               0.00              0.00
                         7/12/93             4.3                                 13.8                         Traue      O M 0
                         7/19/9              0.3                                 0.3                          0.00              0.00
                         7/26/3              0.8               0.3               2.0               2.3        0.00              0.00
                         7/27193             0.3                                 0.3                          0.61              0.00
                         8/993              1.0               2.0                                             0-54              0.11
                         8//93        I       $                                                              0.28              10.00
                         8/1/9               1.0                                 2.5                          1.06              0.00
                         8/2/93              2.8                                 11.3                         0.02              0.00
                         9/2/93             2.0               5.5               21.5               2.3        0.00             0.00
                         912/9               2.8                                 4.8                          0.02              0.00
                         10//9              1.8               14.8               5.3               4.8        0.05              0.00
                        10/12/9             5.3                                 12.0                         0.09              0.00
                        1018/93             2.0                                 2.5                          Trace             Trace
                        10/2593             4.0                                 12.0                         0.00              0.00
                         11/9/93             1.5                                 2.3                          0.00              0.00
                        12115/93            8.8                                 38.3                         0.13              0.08
                         1113/94            63.0              73.0                                            0.90              0.00
                         2121194            25.5              47.5                                            0.00              0.00
                         3/29/94             1-5              51.0                                            0.28              0.13
                         4/27/94            18.8              32.0                                            0.60              0.60
                         5/111,94            5.5               8.0              14-5               6.0        0.00      O    m    0
                         5/18/94             9.5                                 105                          Trace             0.25
                         5/2/9              25.0              24.0              43-5               13.0       0.52              0.10
                         5/91L194          270.0                                32.0                          0.00              0.00
                          6/8/94             0.8                                 8.0                          Trace             Trame
                         6/2/9               5.5               0.8               8.8               0          0.00              0.00
                         6/28/4              4.8                                                              0.28              0.00
                          7/9/9              1.0                                 2.0                          0.00              0.00
                         7/11 V94           0.8                                  7-5                          Trame             Trace
                         7/118/94           0.5                                  3-5                          0.00              0.00
                         7/21194             1.3              .2.0               2-5               1.8        Trace             0.00
                         7/25/4                                                                               0.21              0.21
                          8/1/94             1.8                                 20.0                         0.00              0.00
                          8/894              1.0                                 4.0                          0410              0.00
                         8/15/94             1.8                                 6.0                          0.08              0.08
                         8/23/94             2.5               2.0               7.3               0.8        0.35              0.33
                          9/9/9              8.3                                 38.5                          1.08             0.62
                          9/7/94             45                                  6.0                          0.62              0.62
                          9/8/94             4.5                                 10.5                         Trace             Trace
                         9/19/94             3.0                                 7.5                          0.77              0.77
                         10/4/9             3.5               3.0                5.8              4.0         0.00             0.00
                         10/11/,94           6.0               4.3               7.8               3-5        0.00              0.0
                         10/18/4                                                                              0.00              0.00
                         10/2594             7.8                                 8.6                          0.00              0.00
                         11/1/9              8.5                                 6.3                          0.00              0.00
                         12119/94            5.8               2.                10.8              8.3    0O41                  0.41
                         1/26/95            61-5              36.0                                            0.00              0.00
                         2/20/5             13.0               7.5                                            0.00              0.00
                         3/20/95             8.3              10.3              11.0               7.0        0.00              0.00
                         4/111MS            0.5               29.3               0.5               6.0        0.24              0.24
                         5/23/95             1.3                                 3.5                          0.16              0.16
                         5/10/95             3.5               6.0              10.0               5.3        0.50              0.19
                          6/5/95             2.0                                 12.5                         0.00              0.00
                         6/13/95             5.8               2.8              16.8                          0.18              0.02


                       I SAMPleIS(a)          67                22                49                14
                       Geom mean             3.9               7.0               6.8               3.4
                         Std. dev.           3.7               4.5               3.0               2.5





                                                                                   26





Table 3. NH DPHS database for sampling sites relevant to the survey area from April 1992 to June 1995. Geometric means, 90th percentile score and
                                  and classifications of sites are also included. All scores in FC/100ml.


                                                                                                          Rainfall (inches)
                                                                                                         Day of     24 hr prior
    -Date    GB4A GB 4B GB5   GB6   GB 7A GB 7B GB 15  GB 16 GB 19 GB 23  GB 50  GB 80    cumulative   to sampling

      4/6/92            4.5   1.8                                                                             0.00          0.00
     4/1 3/92      4                          2                                                               0.18          0.18
     4/14/92    1.8       2     2                                                                             0.00          0.00
     4/20/92      4    1.8   4.5                                                                              Trace         Trace
     5/25/92    4.5    4.5   4.5   4.5                     790                            13      4.5         Trace        Trace
     6/22/92    7.8       2     2    1.8                  1300                            23      23          0.22          0.15
     7/13/92    1.8    1.8   1.8       2                    49                              2     7.8         Trace         0.00
     9/21/92    1.8   1.8   1.8    1.8                     490                            1.8    4.5          0.00          0.00
     9/28/92      4    7.8   4.5       2                    79                            6.8    140          0.48          0.48
    10/13/92    4.5    7.8   6.8    13    6.8    7.8    330                               6.8      46          0.52         0.52
    10/19/92    13        2    1.8      2                   22                              2      14          0.11         0.00
     11/9/92    4.5   1.8   7.8   9.3         4    49       17                            14      4.5         0.00          0.00
    11/16/92                          13                                                  9.3                  0.00         0.00
     3/30/93   170   140   170   130                                                    1100                  1.47          0.46
     4/27/93    79      13       4    1.8                                               1300                  0.89          0.27
     5/25/93     11    7.8   4.5   1.8                     280                            13      49          0.07          0.00
      6/1/93      2    4.5      2    13                     70                             2       4          0.83          0.00
     6/22/93    7.8    23    11   4.5                      230                           120    280           0.47          0.08
     7/28/93    1.8   1.8   1.8   1.8                      170                            1.8     17          0.61          0.61
     8/24/93       2    1.8    1.8     2                   230                            7.8     13          0.00          0.00
      9/7/93    7.8      2    1.8   1.8                     14                            6.8      2          0.00          0.00
     10/5/93    11       2    1.8      4                   110                             2      17          0.05          0.00
     10/8/93                   1.8                 6.8    6.8                                                 0.00          0.00
    10/11/93                   1.8                    2     49                                                Trace         Trace
     11/2/93    7.8    11    23        2                    49                            12    170           0.60          0.60
    12/20/93    49    34    46    49                        23                            22    110           0.05          0.05
     3/31/94                          4.5    1.8                                                              0.02          0.02
     4/19/94    11    1.8       2      2                    17                            1.8                 0.05          0.00
     5/17/94    49    70    4.5        2                   110                           130                  0.85          0.60




                                                            27





Table 3. NH DPHS database for sampling sites relevant to the survey area from April 1992 to June 1995. Geometric means, 90th percentile score and
                                 and classifications of sites are also included. All scores in FC/100ml.

                                                                                                        Rainfall (inches)
                                                                                                       Day of     24 hr prior
     Date     GB4A GB4B GB5   GB6   GB7A GB7B GB15  GB16 GB19 GB23  GB50  GB80    cumulative   to sampling
     6/14/94      2      2    1.8   1.8                   230                            17      23          0.48          0.45
     7/26/94    7.8   1.8       2    4.5                  230                            11      49         Trace         Trace
     8/30/94      2      2    1.8   1.8   1.8   4.5        79            1.8      2        2   - 11          0.03          0.03
     8/30/94      2      2    1.8   1.8            4.5     79    1.8   1.8                2      11          0.03          0.03
     8/30/94                           2                                                                     0.03          0.03
    10/24/94    13       2    1.8      2    1.8   1.8       79    1.8      2     1.8    4.5      33          0.00          0.00
    10/24/94                         6.8                           1 7                                       0.00          0.00
     11/8/94    6.8   4.5   4.5   6.8         4    4.5     49    7.8    13       7.8    6.8      21          0.00          0.00
     11/8/94                                                                     13                          0.00          0.00
    12/12/94                          33    13    70               49    79      49                          0.72          0.72
    12/19/94                          33    27    33               11    79    130                           0.41          0.41
     1/10/95                          11    14    6.8               2    13      23                          0.00          0.00
     1/31/95                         4.5      2    4.5             4    6.8      23                          0.00          0.00
     3/21/95            1.8            2    7.8    11              14    11      13      1.8                 0.12          0.00
     3/21/95                         4.5                                                                     0.12          0.00
     3/27/95                         4.5      2      2            4.5   4.5      7.8                         0.00          0.00
     4/1 8/95           1.8          7.8   4.5   7.8              4.5    1.8    1.8    6.8                   0.00          0.00
     4/18/95                         1.8                                         1.8                         0.00          0.00
     4/26/95                                1.8   1.8               2    1.8     1.8                         0.00          0.00
      5/2/95                         4.5           1.8            6.8    1.8    1.8       2                 Trace         Trace
      5/2/95                         1.8           1.8                                                      Trace         Trace
      5/9/95                                       1.8             2    1.8      1.8                         0.00          0.00
     5/22/95                                                                                                 0.16          0.00
      6/6/95                                                                                                 0.00          0.00
      6/6/95                                                                                                 0.00          0.00


Geo Mean       6.53  4.09  3.55  4.25  4.10  5.48  90.02  5.31  5.52   6.68   9.00  20.22
#samples      30.00 32.00 32.00 42.00 15.00 19.00  27.00 14.00 14.00  15.00  31.00  23.00
90th %ile      29.7  17.8  13.6  16.2  10.4  20.1  465.6  21.0  24.5   32.4   79.5  102.6
Classification    A   A      A      A      A      A       P      A      A      A       R       R



                                                              28








 Table 4. Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 mL) at DPHS- established shoreline/surface water sites. Analyses by JEL.

 DATE                 l  CC  2S 3A 2 S 3A 4S 5S 5A 5B 6S 6A 7S 7A 8S 8A 95  OS l0S lS    A 12S 13S 13A 14S 15S
        7/12/94 66  3  6  718           6  5  5  14                                               0   0    2   75  78
        7/13/94                                            3      20  :0  27  0   1   0    5
        7/14/94                                    5                                              2
        7/21/94                                    2  2        3
         8/9/94                    14         75          19
         9/6/94 15
 n= :: .       : .2  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  2   3  1  2   1  1  1     1 1                        1    1 2    1         1
 Geo. Mean    32  3  6  7  18 14 16  5  19  5  2  8  3  20  0  27  0   1   0    5    1   0    2   75  78

Table 5. Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 mL) at sites in small tributaries surrounding Great Bay.

DATE              GN1  GN2 GN3 GN4  GN5   GN6                           GN7   GN9   GN10    GN1
              Brackett Bk        Foss Brook Shaw Bk Packer Bk Pickering Bk             McIntyre Bk Winnicut R
      7/21/94      10      298         2500      50        345          138        1        853
      7/27/94      2       360  233   700        23        180          18         10       545          113
       9/6/94     18      4600         4700    160         355          64        172       165          250
n_=            0   3         3     1      2       3          3           3          3         3            2
Geo. Mean          7        790  233  2019        56        280          54        12       425           168


Table 6. Effect of a storm event (1.08" on 9/5-9/6) in September, 1994, on
fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 mL) at sites throughout the classified area.

Station                  9/6/94         9/7/94         9/8/94    Geo. Mean (site)
GB6                          10            4.0            3.0                 4.9
GB50                         40             16            7.0                16.5
GB7B (GB1)                  8.3            4.5            3.0                 4.8
GB5                         6.0            2.8            0.5                 2.0
(GB2)                        39             11            7.5                  14
GB4B (GB3)                  101             23            23                   38
GB4                          57             38            40                   44
GB15                       765             150            60                  190
GB80 (GB6)                   75             69            65                   69
(GB7)                       110           260            157                  165

 Geo. Mean (date)             44            21             13

                                                                     29







Table 7. Comparison of paired monthly fecal coliform (#/100lml) concentrations (per 100 ml) at
low (LT) and high (HT) tide for JEL stations GB1, GB2, GB4, and GB7: 7/93-6/95.

   DATE   GB1LT   GB1 HT  GB2 LT   GB2 HT   GB4 LT   GB4 HT   GB7 LT   GB7 HT
  7/26/93       0.8          0.3         2.0         2.3          40           1.5         135         2.0
   8/3/93        1.0         2.0
   9/7/93        2.0         5.5          22          2.3         135          2.0          56          15
  10/5/93       1.8          15          5.3         4.8          26          2.3          13          2.3
  1/13/94       63           73                                                           109          44
  2/21/94        26          48                                                            38          9.0
  3/29/94       1.5          51                                                           285          24
  4/27/94        19          32                                                            33          42
  5/11/94       5.5          8.0          15         6.0          29          3.0          51          3.5
  5/25/94       25           24          44           13          104         53          350          140
  6/23/94       5.5          0.8         8.8         0.5          38          0.3          18          8.3
  7/21/94       1.3          2.0         2.5         1.8          19          0.3          15          7.5
  8/23/94       2.5          2.0         7.3         0.8          29          2.0          71          5.5
  10/4/94       3.5          3.0         5.8         4.0          25          0.8          62          1.0
  10/11/94       6.0         4.3         7.8          3.5         32          3.3          126         8.5
  12/19/94       5.8         2.0          11          8.3          16          5.5         48          3.5
  1/26/95       62           36                                                            93          83
  2/20/95        13          7.5                                                           37          38
  3/20/95       8.3          10          11          7.0          11          38           5.5         18
  4/11/95       0.5          29          0.5         6.0          16          1.5          36          4.5
  5/30/95       3.5          6.0         10          5.3          112         4.5          2.0         44
  6/13/95       5.8          2.8         17                       50                      129          8.0

Geom mean       5.0          7.0         7.4         3.4         34.2         2.5         45.9        11.3
 Std. dev.      3.9         4.4         2.9          2.5         2.1         4.6          3.4         3.7
Paired t test     HT> LT                   LT> HT                   LT> HT                   LT> HT
  results            n. s.                  P < 0.05                 P< 0.05                  P < 0.05


Table 8. Effect of significant rainfall events on fecal coliform concentrations
at sites in the classified area.

                                       Source of data
#Samples with:              DPHS              JEL              Total

Rainfall > 0.5"/48 h           8               11               19
  FC > 43/100 ml               4                2                6
  FC < 43/100 ml              4                 9               13

Rainfall 0-0.5"/48 h          46               57               103
 FC > 43/100 ml               3               4                 7
 FC < 43/100 ml              43               53               96















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                                                           Appendix A

                                                   PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


MAP/LOT             NAME                      ADDRESS             FACILITIES/COMMENTS                INFO AVAILABLE

DURHAM

1 2/5/02   MacLean                 180 Piscataqua Road           Septic                    House built 1969
1 2/8/0 2   Town of Durham         156 Piscataqua Road           Septic                    House built 1780
12/9/08   Smith                    30 Mathes Cove Road           Septic                    See Septic sheet
12/9/09   Durnall                  26 Mathes Cove Road           Septic                    House built 1967
12/1 1/02  Poynter                 2 Langley Road                Vacant lot
1 2/1 2    Langley                 off Langley Road              Vacant lot
12/13/01  Langley                  247 Durharrfm Pt. Road         Septic                   House built 1860, Buffalo farm
1.2/1 6/1 0  Casey                 12 Willey Creek Road          Septic                    House built 1975
1 2/1 6/1 1  Shafmasser            10 Willey Creek Road          Vacant lot
1 2/16/1 2  Shafmasser             8Willey Creek Road            Septic                    House built 1976
12/16/13  Andrews                  50 Colony Cove Road           Septic                    House built 1976
1 2/1 6/1 4  Penhale               48 Colony Cove Road           Septic                    House built 1974
1 2/1 7    McNeill                 44 Colony Cove Road           Septic                    House built 1969
1 2/1 9    McNeill                 off Colony Cove Road           Vacant lot
1 2/20     Benning                 36 Colony Cove Road           Septic                    House built 1975
12/21       Beckwith               34 Colony Cove Road           Septic                    House built 1950
12/22      Auty                    32 Colony Cove Road            Septic                   House built 1961
12/23/01  Thompson                 30 Colony Cove Road            Septic                   See Septic sheet
1 2/24/01  Elms/Carlson            26 Colony Cove Road            Septic
1 2/24/02  Nelson                  28 Colony Cove Road            Septic                   See Septic sheet
1 2/24/03  Pierce                  24 Colony Cove Road            Septic                   House built 1970
1 2/25     Lohnes                  22 Colony Cove Road           Septic                    House built 1976
1 2/27     Cooley                  20 Colony Cove Road           Septic                    House built 1925
1 2/2 8    Langley                 Langley Island                Vacant lot
1 2/29     Barrett                 Bickford Island               Vacant lot
1 9/1 3/6   Beckwith               Durham Point Road             Vacant lot
19/1 3/7   McPhee                  off Dame Road                 Vacant lot
1 9/1 3/8   Beckwith               376 Bay Road                  Vacant lot
20/1       Hoginski                595 Bay Road                   Septic                   House built 1950



                                                                 41





                                                   PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


20/2       Hancock                 591 Bay Road                   Septic                   House built 1960
20/3/1     Bramante                587 Bay Road                   Septic, guitar shaped pool See Septic sheet
20/3/2    Cheney-England Ltd.    569 Bay Road                     Septic                   See Septic sheet
2 0/3/3    Harriton                583 Bay Road                   Septic                   See Septic sheet
2 0/3/4    Perlman                 579 Bay Road                   Septic, Pool             See Septic sheet
2 0/3/5    Cheney-England Ltd.    575 Bay Road                    Septic                   See Septic sheet
2 0/7/2    Cheney-England Ltd.    off Bay Road                    Vacant lot               See Septic sheet
2 0/7/3    Cheney-England Ltd.    off Bay Road                    Vacant lot
2 0/7/4    State of NH             off Bay Road                   Vacant lot
2 0/7/5    State of NH             off Bay Road                   Vacant lot
2 0/7/6    State of NH             off Bay Road                   Vacant lot
20/7/7    State of NH              off Bay Road                   Vacant lot
2 0/8/1    Cochrane                off Bay Road                   Septic                   House built 1964
2 0/8/2    Danahy                  off Bay Road                   Septic                   House built 1968
2 0/8/3    Randall                 off Durham Point Road          Vacant lot
2 0/8/4    Ford                    433 Bay Road                   Septic
20/8/7    Cochrane                 Lot #3 Bay Road                Vacant lot
2 0/9/1    Congdon                 off Bay Road                   Septic                   See Septic sheet
2 0/9/2    Loomis                  367 Bay Road                   Septic                   See Septic sheet
20/1 0/1   Rous                    64 Adams Point Road            Vacant lot
20/1 0/2   Rous                    50 Adams Point Road            Septic                   See Septic sheet
20/1 1/1   Von Briesen             off Bay Road                   Septic                   House built 1720
20/11/2   DeCampi                  55 Adams Point Road            Septic                   See Septic sheet
20/1 2/1   Getchell                off Durham Point Road          Septic                   See Septic sheet
20/1 2/3   Mills                   off Durham Point Road          Septic                   House built 1955
20/1 2/5   Rollins                 Stonehouse Farm                Septic
20/1 4/2   Kingman                 275 Durham Point Road          Septic                   House built 1850
2 0/1 4/3   Valpey                 277 Durham Point Road          Septic                   See Septic sheet
20/1 4/4   Kingman/McDonough    281 Durham Point Road             Vacant lot
20/1 5     Rosebud Real Estate Trus 283 Durham Point Road         Septic                   See Septic sheet
20/1 6/1   Chase                   273 Durham Point Road          Septic                   See Septic sheet
20/1 6/2   Whitaker                271 Durham Point Road          Septic, camp             Camp built 1960
20/1 6/3   Chase                   269 Durham Point Road          Septic, camp             Camp built 1952


                                                                 42





                                                    PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


20/1 6/4    Webb    265 Durham Point Road                         Septic, ,camp             Camp built 1958
20/1 6/5  lOtis                    263 Durham Point Road          Septic, camp              Camp :built 1960
20/1 6/6   IChase                  267 Durham Point Road          Septic                    See Septic sheet
 20/1 8 -I:Mclntosh:  Footman's Island                            Camp-no facilities

 NEWMARKET
R1/12      Zuk                     11 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
Ri1/13     Cohen                   13 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
R11/14     Cohen                   15 Bayview Drive               Septic                    House built 1970
R1/1i5     Cohen                   17 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
... R1i/16  Cohen'                 19 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
Ri1/17     Zuk                     21 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
Ri/1 8     Zuk                     23 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
R1/1 9     Pardo                   25 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
R1/20      Fotiades/Moskoff        28 Bayview Drive               Septic                    House built 1910, Septic redone 1979
R1/21      Fotiades/Moskoff        26 Bayview Drive               Septic                    Camp, built 1910, Septic redone 1979
:RI /22    . Zuk                  .20 Bayview Drive               Septic                    House and septic put in 1970's
RI/23      Zuk                     18 fBayview Drive              Vacant lot
R1/24     Atherton                14 Bayview Drive               Septic                    House built 1951
R1:/28     Pitman                  12 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
R1/29     Pitman                  10 Bayview Drive               Vacant lot
R1/30      Zuk                     8 Bayview Drive                Vacant lot
R1/34      Pitman                  252 Bay Road                   Septic                    House built 1951
R1/35      Popov                   246 Bay Road                   Vacant lot
R1/36      Popov                   230 Bay Road                   Septic                    See Septic Sheet
R1/37      Hatch                   210 Bay Road                   Septic                    House built 1960
R1138      Cheney-Smith            200 Bay Road                   Septic in process         See Septic Sheet
R1/38/4   Cheney-Smith             15 Barberry Coast              Vacant lot
R1/38/5   Cheney-Smith             18 Barberry Coast              Septic                    House built 1924
R1/38/6   Cheney-Smith             14 Barberry Coast              Septic                    House built 1920
R1/38/7   Southeast Bank           10 Barberry Coast              Vacant lot
R1/38/8   Southeast Bank           6 Barberry Coast               Vacant lot
R1/39      Pearson                 Little Bay Road                Vacant lot



                                                                  43





                                                 PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


R1/40     Southeast Bank         Vols Island                  Vacant lot
R2/36/1   White                  Lubberland Drive             Accessory buildings only
R2/36/2   Moody Pt. Co.          2 Lubberland Drive           Vacant lot
R2/36/3   Moody Pt. Co.          3 Cushing Road               Vacant lot
R2/36/4   Moody Pt. Co.           511 Cushing Road            Town sewer              Condos
R2/36/5   Moody Pt. Co.          5 Cushing Road               Vacant lot
R2/36/6   Jay Howland Enter.     Cushing Road                 Vacant lot
R2/38     Jaferian               5 Moody Pt. Drive            Vacant lot              See Septic Sheet
R2/40      Great Bay Trust       11 Moody Pt. Drive           Vacant lot
R2/41     Germain                15 Moody Pt. Drive           Septic                  House built 1979
R2/41A    Batt                   13 Moody Pt. Drive           Septic                  House built 1978
R2/42      Davidson              17 Moody Pt. Drive           Septic                  House built 1952
R2/43/1   Weeks                  19 Moody Pt. Drive           Septic                  See Septic Sheet
R2/43/2   Chaves                 21 Moody Pt. Drive           Septic                  See Septic Sheet
R2/44A    Chaves                 23 Moody Pt. Drive           Vacant lot
R3/36     Watson Estate of Wm.   81 New Road                  Septic                  House built 1790
R3/41/2   Labonte                117 New Road                 Vacant lot
R3/42      Beaudet               131 New Road                 Septic                  See Septic sheet
R3/42A    Heald                  3L New Road                  Vacant lot
R3/43      Champagne             off New Road                 Septic                  Camp built 1750
R3/44      Hanrahan/Hamel        161 New Road                 Septic                  House built 1960

NEWFIELDS
201/4      Boston and Maine RR   Railroad trestle             No facilities
201/5      Hauschel              on Squamscott River          Vacant lot
201/6      Cheney-Smith          on Squamscott River          Vacant lot
201/8      LeGault               on Squamscott River          Vacant lot
201/9      Long                  Route 108                    Vacant lot
201/10    Williams               Route 108                    Vacant lot
201/13    Laboute                on Squamscott River          Vacant lot
201/14    Rogers                 on Squamscott River          Seasonal camp, no facilities
201/15    Edgerley               on Squamscott River          Septic                 ISee Septic sheet
201/20    Great Bay Campground   Route 108                    Septic                  ISee Septic sheet


                                                               44





                                                   PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


201/23    Hayden                   Route 108                      Tree/horticultural crops  IHouse >800 ft
201/26     Chace                   Route 108                      Storage garage, no facilities

STRATHAM
3/3 7  NH Fish and Game            88 Rt 108                      Chapman's Landing, Septic House built 1940,50 ft
3/3 9      NH Fish and Game        Rt 108                         Vacant lot               Saltmarsh, Chapman's Lnd.
3/40  Turnberry Condo., Inc.   142 Portsmouth Ave                 Vacant lot               Saltmarsh, condo commonland
3/41       Turnberry Condo.,Inc.    off Squamscott Road           Vacant lot               Saltmarsh, condo commonland
3/4 2      Turnberry Condo.,lnc.    off Squamscott Road           Vacant lot               Saltmarsh, condo commonland
3/43       Turnberry Condo., Inc.   off Squamscott Road           Vacant lot               Saltmarsh, on Squam. House Cr.
5 / 1      Batcheider              off Squamscott Road            Vacant lot
5/2        Wiggin                  off Squamscott Road            Vacant lot
5/23       Crow                    off River Road                 Vacant lot
5/23/01    Harrington              off Jason Road                 Camp, not used           Outhouse approx. 150 ft
5/24       MacDougall              1 Linda Lane                   Septic                   House >1000 ft
5/25       Town of Stratham        off Linda Lane                 Vacant lot
5/27/03   Brookside Condos         off Depot Road                 Garage for storage only
5/31       State of NH             off Depot Road                 Vacant lot               Saltmarsh
5/32       Rue                     37 Depot Road                  Vacant lot               Saltmarsh
1 3/23/36  Atlantis Realty Trust   Morning Star Drive             Vacant lot
13/23/53  Dumbarton Oaks           off Dumbarton Oaks             Vacant lot               Dumbarton Oaks commonland

GREENLAND

R13/5      NH Fish and Game        89 Depot Road                  Septic, NERR GB Center    See Septic sheet
R13/8      Tessier                 90 Depot Road                  Vacant lot
R13/9      Scofield                off Depot Road                 Vacant lot
R13/12     Brackett                43 Great Bay Drive West        Vacant lot
R1i3/13    Defillipo               66 Great Bay Drive West        Septic
R13/14A   Strong                   60 Great Bay Drive West        Septic                   Septic about 15 years old
R13/17    Schneider                100 Great Bay Drive West       Septic, camp
R13/1 8    Snyder                  50 Great Bay Drive West        Septic, camp
R13/19     Lee                     3 Great Bay Drive East         Septic                   House built 1992



                                                                   45





                                                    PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


R1 3/20     Brackett                15 Great Bay Drive East        Septic
R1 3/21     Hession                 off Great Bay Drive East       Septic
R1 3/22     Pinney                  21 Great Bay Drive East        Septic                    Septic redone about 1985
R1 3/23     Digiovanni              23 Great Bay Drive East        Accessory building only
RI 3/24     Digiovanni              25 Great Bay Drive East        Septic
R 14/1      Brandes                 29 Great Bay Drive East        Septic
R14/2      Thomas                   33 Great Bay Drive East        Septic
R14/2A      Dixon                   31 Great Bay Drive East        Septic
R1 4/3      Johnson                 37 Great Bay Drive East        Septic
R1i4/3A    MacTaggart               35 Great Bay Drive East        Septic                    House and septic about 1972
R1 4/4      Bliss                   41 Great Bay Drive East        Septic
R1 4/5      MacTaggart/Johnson      35 Great Bay Drive East        Vacant lot
R14/6       Portsmouth Savings Bk.  43 Great Bay Drive East        Septic
R1 4/7      Myers                   45 Great Bay Drive East        Septic                    See Septic sheet
R1 4/8      Carter                  51 Great Bay Drive East        Septic, camp
R1 4/1 0    Moreau                  30 Bayridge Road               Septic, camp
R1 4/11    Vickery                  24 Bayridge Road               Septic, camp
R1 4/12     Middleton               28 Bayridge Road               Septic
R1 4/1 3    Weeks                   off Brackett's Pt. Road        Farm
R14/14      Brackett                22 Brackett's Pt. Road         Septic                    Main house, camp septics 1930-1970's
R1 4/1 8    Weeks                   667 Bayside Road               Septic                    Main house, camp septics 1930-1960's
R1 4/30     King                    32 Bayridge Road               Septic                    See Septic sheet
R1 4/32     Wohlgethan              22 Bayridge Road
R1 5/2      Beck                    632 Bayside Road               Septic, pool              Horse, farm
R1 5/5      Town of Greenland       off Bayside Road               Vacant lot
R1 5/1 0    McCarthy                7 Meloon Road                  Septic
R1 5/1 9    Underwood               off Meloon Road                Septic
R15/20    Town of Greenland         off Meloon Road                Vacant lot                Saltmarsh
R1 5/21    Town of Greenland        off Meloon Road                Vacant lot                Saltmarsh
R1 5/22    Town of Greenland        off Meloon Road                Vacant lot                Saltmarsh
R1 5/23    Town of Greenland        off Meloon Road                Vacant lot                Saltmarsh
R18/1       NH Waterfowl Assoc.     Backland                       Vacant lot
R1 8/3     Town of Greenland        Backland                       Vacant lot


                                                                   46





                                                   PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


RI 8/9     Wick                    4 Bayview Terrace              Septic:  See Septic sheet
R1 8/1 0    Wentworth              2 Bayview Terrace              Septic                    See Septic sheet
R R18/11    Westley                 18 Bayshore Drive             Septic                    See Septic sheet
Ri 8/1 2:   Mayer  13 Fairview Terrace                            Septic
R1 8/13    Fay                     5 Fairview Terrace             Septic                    See Septic sheet
R1 8/1 4    Zwolinski              2 Fairview Terrace             Septic                    See Septic sheet
R1 8/28    Sanderson               off Bayshore Drive             Vacant lot                Saltmarsh
R1 8/29     Sanderson              off Bayshore Drive             Vacant lot                Saltmarsh
R1 8/30    Sanderson               off Bayshore Drive             Vacant lot                Saltmarsh
R1 8/31    Sanderson               off Bayshore Drive              Vacant lot               Saltmarsh
R-1 8/34 .-.. Hughes;               110 Tide Mill Road             Vacant                   Current use
R21/15     Ports. Country Club     80 Country Club Ln.            Septic
R22/1      Smith, Rev.Trust         125 Newington Road             Dairy Farm
R22/3       Emery                   161 Newington Road            Septics, 2 homes          See Septic sheet
R22/4      White                   201 Newington Road             Vacant
U1 0/8     Pickerings Brook Ltd.    27 Pickering Brook Drive '    Vacant lot
U 1 0/9    Pickerings Brook Ltd.    26 Pickering Brook Drive       Vacant lot

NEWINGTON

1/1   : 1  Town of Newington        Fox Point-all                 Vacant lot
1/2        Butler                  Goat Island                    Vacant lot
4/1         Eames                   371 Fox Point Road             Septic                   See Septic sheet
4/2      - Lembcke                  385 Fox Point Road             Accessory buildings only
4/3         Blevins                 397 Fox Point Road             Septic                   House built 1968
4/4        Vinciarelli             off Fox Point Road              Septic                   See Septic sheet
9/2        Ackerley                325 Fox Point Road              Septics, 2 residences    See Septic sheet
9/3        Lamson                   71 Little Bay Road             Vacant lot
9/4        Lamson                  42 Little Bay Road              Septic                   House built 1949,  100ft
9/4A       Lamson                  42 Little Bay Road              Vacant lot
9/5        Lamson                  50 Little Bay Road              Septic                   House built 1963, 20 ft
9/6        Mahoney                 off Little Bay Road             Septic                   House built 1930, 100ft
9/7        Lamson                  40 Little Bay Road              Septic                   See Septic sheet


                                                                   47





                                                    PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


9/8         Lamson                 off Little Bay Road             Vacant lot
9/9         Lamson                 off Little Bay Road             Vacant lot
1 5/1      Witham                  80 Little Bay Road              Septic                   See Septic sheet
15/2       Bowser                  84 Little Bay Road              Septic                   See Septic sheet
15/3       McGee                   104 Little Bay Road             Septic, Pool             Seasonal, bit. 1966, 100 ft
1 5/4      Lane                    108 Little Bay Road             Septic                   See Septic sheet, Seasonal
15/5       Davis/Perkins           112 Little Bay Road             Septic                   House built 1930
15/6       Trefethen               116 Little Bay Road             Septic                   House built 1970, 100 ft
1 5/7      Russell                 148 Little Bay Road             Septic                   House built 1975, 100 ft
1 5/8      Hill                    168 Little Bay Road             Septic                   See Septic sheet
1 5/1 0    Cabrera                 136 Little Bay Road             Vacant lot
15/11      Cabrera                 136 Little Bay Road             Septic                   House built 1960
22/3       Smith                   30 Gundalow Landing Circle      Septic                   See Septic sheet
22/4        Ross                   40 Gundalow Landing Circle      Septic                   See Septic sheet
22/5        Beswick                44 Gundalow Landing Circle      Septic                   See Septic sheet
22/6        Purohit                52 Gundalow Landing Circle      Septic                   House built1985, 100 ft
22/7        Parkinson              4 Brickyard Way                 Septic                   See Septic sheet
22/8        Eichler                151 Little Bay Road             Vacant lot
22/1 3      Myers                   188 Little Bay Road            Septic                   House > 700 ft
23/31       Wolf                   34 Welsh Cove Drive             Vacant lot
23/32       Hazelton               44 Welsh Vove Drive             Septic                   See Septic sheet
23/33       Frink                  251 Little Bay Road             Vacant lot
29          Pease
35          Pease
40          Pease
41          Pease
45          Pease
46          Pease
47/1       Thomas                  509 Newington Road              Septic                   House built 1790
49          Pease
50/1        Beals                   162 Fabyan Point Road          Septic                   See Septic sheet
50/2        Drinkwater             off Fabyan Point Road           Septic, cottage          House built 1930
51 / 1      Field                  395 Newington Road              Vacant lot


                                                                   48





                                                   PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


51/2       Upson                   425 Newington Road             Septic                   See Septic sheet
51/2A      Smith                   405 Newington Road             Septic                    See Septic sheet
51/3       Hodgdon                 off Newington Road             Septic                   House built 1840
51-/4      Bullock                 73 Fabyan Point, Road          Septic                   House built 1970
53/5       Baird                   316 Newington Road             Septic                   House built 1945
53/6       Mazeau                  315 Newington Road             Septic                   House bit. 1670, ren. 1958
53/7       Mazeau                  315 Newington Road             Vacant lot
53/8       Thomas                  349 Newington Road             Septic                   House built 1900
53/9&9A   Berounsky                off Swan Island Lane           Vacant lot
53/11:  Connors                    381 Newington Road             Septic                   House built 1971
5-3/1 2    Welch                   385 Newington Road             Septic, Pool             House built 1974
53/1 6     Berounsky               off Swan Island Lane           Septic                   See Septic sheet
55/1       White                   75 Newington Road              Vacant lot


























                                                                49





                                             SEPTIC SYSTEM INFORMATION





MAP/LOT APPROVAL TYPE PERC TANK  FIELD    SOIL TYPE    W.T. ESHWT LEDGE DISTANCE TO                COMMENTS
NUMBER     DATE   BDRM M/IN GAL   SQ FT                    IN   IN      IN    SURFACE H20

DURHAM

12/9/08    3/80   4           1500  1520  BUXTON           120  24      120      100 FT
12/13/01   4/91   1    9    1000  405   HOLLIS-CHARLTON NF   24    ND            100 FT    1 BR APT OVER GARAGE
12/13/01   2/93   NA   24   1250  1350  HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   22         NA       >75 FT
12/16/10   2/74   4    18   1000  880   BZB                NA   NA      NA         NA
12/16/12   11/72  4    55   1000  1600  BUXTON             30   NA      27       > 75 FT
12/16/13   8/71   3    40   900   840   BUXTON             NA   NA      72.      150 FT
12/16/14   10/74  3    50   900   930   BUXTON             NA   NA      NA       > 75 FT
12/17      6/71   3    45   1000  900   BUXTON             NA   NA      NA         NA
12/23/01   6/70   2-2BR 5    2-100C500   HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   NA        NA       135 FT
12/24/02   11/87  3 .  8    1000  450   BUXTON SILT LOAM NA   35        72       110 FT
20/2       6/09   NA   NA   1000  600   NA                 NA   NA      NA       130 FT
20/3/1     11/82  4    5    1000  800   FINESANDY LOAM NA   20          61       > 100 FT
20/3/2     9/91   6    2    * *    NA    BUXTON-SCANTIC 23   NA         20       100 FT    *2 TANKS-1500,2500 GAL
20/3/3     6/80   4    9    1000  640   HOLLISCHARLTON NA   20          36         NA
20/3/5     5/80   3    20   1000  1340  BUXTON             20   11      NA       > 75 FT
20/7/2     5/92   4    20   1500  1170  HOLLISCHARLTON NA   23          30       100 FFT
20/8/4     5/82   2    30   1000  875   BUXTON             36   36      63
20/8/6     5/91   7    7    2000  1940  BUXTON             NA   18      74       > 125 FT
20/9/1     10/79  4    20   1000  1790  BUXTON             NA   13      NA       140 FT
20/9/2     12/93  4    8    1000  1000  HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   NA         NA       >75 FT
20/10/1    4/83   3    20   1000  1125  HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   16         16        90 FT
20/10/2    4/83   4    6    1000  901   HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   29         29       180 FT
20/10/2    5/93   4    20   1500  900   HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   16         16       180 FT
20/11/2    5/93   4    20   1500  900   HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   18         18       150 FT
20/12/1    7/82   2    14   1000  650   HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   NA         48       >110 FT
20/14/3    7/85   3    6    1000  480   HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   41         72       >350 FT



                                                          50





                                               SEPTIC  SYSTEM INFORMATION


20/15   I  6/84   4    20   1000  760    HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   12          48        >75 FT
20/16/1 1  2/90   3      14   1000  576   HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA   20         40        100 FT




NEWMARKET
R1/36        12/92 2    8    1000  NA    CHATFIELD H&C   NO.  5           NO.
R1/38         8/94 4     12   1500  756   40BSHAPLEIGHGL24   36           72        100 FT
R2/38        10/94 4     12   1600  720   460BPENNICHUCK 0    20.         48         75 FT
R2/40         2/92 3    32   1250  832    BUXTON             NO.  12      NO.       125 FT
R2143-1       6/90 3    8    1000  480   CHATFIELDHOLLIS NO.  NO.    NO.            >75 FT
R2/43-2       8/88 3     14   1000  576   Hh                 NO.  NO.    NO.    : 100 FT
R2/44A        6/87 3     14   1000  576   Hh                 NO.  NO.    NO.        100 FT
R3/42         8/88 3    20   1000  704    CHATFIELDH&C   NO.  84          NO.       128 FT

NEWFIELDS
201/15  I   12/84              NO SEPTIC INFO                                        75 FT
201/20        3/86                                                                  300 FT    Septic for 95 Campsites
                                                                                              Approval # 102934
GREENLAND
R13/5         5/94 open  6    1050  1125  WINDSOR            NA   NA      NA         75 FT    Sandy Point Discovery Ctr.
R14/7         2/92 3    60   1500  800    BUXTON/SCANTIC 20   14          NO.        75 FT
R14/30       10/78 3     NA   NA    975   NA                 NA   NA      NA        150 FT
R14/32    : :012/80 3    28   1000  1500  Gc                 NO.  NA      NA        100 FT
R18/9          7/88 4    6    1000  540   38B                60   28      NO.        75 FT
R18/10        7/84 3    20   1000  373   Ta                  60   72      NO.
R18/11        8/84       12   1000  NA    Ea/Ta              NA   32      NA         75 FT
R18/13       10/83 3     3    1000  NA    Ea/Ta              NA   24      NA         75 FT
R22/3        11/93 5-2BR 8    2-150C 2800   460C PENNICHUCK 25   30       NA        100 FT
R22/3        11/93 4    8    1500  1000  460C PENNICHUCK 24   31.         NA        100 FT

NEWINGTON




                                                            51





                                                SEPTIC SYSTEM INFORMATION


4/1           10/78 2     2.5  1000  430    WF                 NA   NA      NA        >100 FT
4/4           12/77 3     2.5  1000  700   hip                 NA   60      NA        100 FT
9/2            7/70 3     <3   1000  NA       Hc               120  NA      120       100 FT
9/2            7/80 2     3    NA    500    Hc Hinkley         NA   NA      NA        150 FT
9/7           11/91 3                                                                 >175 FT    App. # 189804
15/1                3                                                                            App. # 139885
15/2           3/91 4                                                                 100 FT    App.# 179328
15/4           3/84 4                                                                 100 FT    App. # 107746, Replaced
15/8           6/71 3     <1   1000  140   Sandy clay          NO.  NA      NO.       120 FT
22/3           4/85 5                                                                            App. # 120352
22/4           8/85 4                                                                            App. # 124481
22/5           8185 4                                                                            App. # 125221
22/7           8/87 4                                                                            App. # 138020
23/32          6/94 4     2    1600  750    26A Windsor        NO.  72       NO.      150 FT
50/1           3/76 2                                                                            App. # 52678
51/2          10/93 3
51/2A          7/92 3                                                                            App. # 191478
53/16         10/91 3                                                                            App. # 189535






















                                                             52





















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                                    Appendix B

                                  State of New Hampshire
                      DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

' HDE ~                 6 Hazen Drive, P.O. Box 95, Concord, NH 03302-0095

       NIMDES                603-271-3503   FAX 603-271-2867
                                 TDD Access: Relay NH 1-800-735-2964
                                                   May 19, 1995



      Andrea Tomlinson
      Jackson Estuarine Laboratory
      85 Adams Point Road
      Durham,  NH  03824-3427

      RE: Pitman Property, Newmarket, NH

      Dear Ms. Tomlinson:

            In response to your April 25 letter, a joint site inspection of
      the Pitman property was conducted on the morning of May 3, 1995, by
      DES personnel and the Town of Newmarket Health Officer. The property
      owner, Stanley Pitman, was present.

           A luxuriant patch of grass was observed leading downslope from
      what may be a septic system, toward a freshwater pond. While this
      could be indicative of a failed septic system, no moisture or odor was
      discerned at time of our inspection. Hence, it could not be concluded
      at the time that a septic system was in a state of failure (reference:
      definition of septic system failure in RSA 485-A:2 IV.)

            Inspection of the pond's shoreline revealed tunnels or burrows
      possibly made by muskrats or other warm-blooded animals.  As such
      ,animals generate fecal coliform (as do ducks) we feel it is possible
      for wild life to be the source of the bacteria you encountered.

           Mr. Pitman commented that his commercial septic system had been
      "corrected" some time ago.  This may been by relocation since some old
      sewage piping was observed near the pond and if done since July l,
      1967, needed prior state approval.  We do not find any approvals under
      Pitman.

           We suggest that the area be reinspected from time to time by you,
      by the Town, and by DES with a view to determine whether or not any
      septic system is failing. Once failure can be determined, enforcement.
      may be effected jointly by the Town of Newmnarket and DES.

            If you have any questions, please respond to the address shown
      for the Water Supply and Pollution Control Division.

                                                    Sincerely,



                                                   Kenneth J' MacDonald
                                                   Subsurface Systems Bureau

      KJM/drt t
      cc:  Kenneth Sherwood, HO, Newmarket
            Dennis Plante, DES


AIR RESOURCES DIV.    WASTE MANAGEMENT DIV.   \WATER RESOURCES DIV.    WATER SUPPLY & POLLUTION CONTROL DIV.
4 No. Mal:in Stree t  6 Hazen Drive  64 No. Main Street  P.O. Box 95
Caller Box 2033  Concord. N.H. 03301  P.O. Box 2008     Concord. N.H. 03302-0095
Concord. N.H. 03302-2033  Tel. 603-271-2900  Concord. N.H. 03302-2008  Tel. 603-271-3503
Tel. 603-271-1370  Fax 603-271-2456  Tel. 603-271-3406  Fax 603-271-2181
Fax O03-271-1381                     Fax 603-271-6588