New Jersey 1988 state water quality inventory report a report on the status of water quality in New Jersey pursuant to the New Jersey Water Pollution Control Act and section 305(b) of the Federal Clean Water Act

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New Jersey 1988 State Water Quality Inventory Report

A Report on the Status of Water Quality in New Jersey
Pursuant to the New Jersey Water Pollution Control Act
and Section 305(b) of the Federal Clean Water Act

State of New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Water Resources
Bureau of Water Quality Planning
Trenton, New Jersey

Thomas H. Kean, Governor
Richard Dewling, P.E., Ph.D., Commissioner
George G. McCann, P.E., Director

Prope:t~y o� C80 o

May, 1988

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413

Acknowledgements

This report was prepared by Keith Robinson, Kevin Berry, Barry Miller, Liz Semple
and Brian McLendon under the direction of George Horzepa, Bureau Chief.

Individual sections of this report were also produced by Bud Cann of the Bureau of
Monitoring Management and by the Bureau of Marine Waters Classification and
Analysis, Division of Water Resources. Debra Audrejack, Sandra Cohen, Janet Jessel
and Sandra Remboske assisted in preparing the final manuscript. Rosalie Tulamello,
Tameshia Brown, Donna Saboski, and the Department's Word Processing Center typed
this report. Special acknowledgement and appreciation is extended to all the
agencies which provided information for the nonpoint source and fisheries
assessments. This includes the NJDEP's Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife for both
fisheries and nonpoint source assessments; and the following for nonpoint source
assessments: NJDEP's Bureau of Marine Water Classification and Analysis, every Soil
Conservation District in the State, and a majority of the county planning offices. The
nonpoint source assessment in this report would not be as complete, as it is without
their contributions. Graphic Design provided by the NJDEP's Office of
Communication and Public Education - Graphic Unit.

Cover Art

Misty Morning, an original watercolor painting by Keith R. Jones of Trenton, New
Jersey is presented on the front cover. The Department appreciates Mr. Jone's
willingness to allow the use of his painting for this report.

td� 8 's oi 'tato

Table of Contents

Page

I. Executive Summary ................................................................ I-1

II. Introduction and Background

A. Introduction .................................................................................. 11-1
B. Background ................................................................................... 11-2
C. Water Classifications and their Designated
Uses in New Jersey ........................................................... 11-8
Literature Cited ................................................................. 11-9

III. Surface Water Quality in New Jersey

A. Introduction .................................................................................. I - 1
Assessment Methodologies . . ...........................................III- 1
B. River and Stream Quality ............................................................ 111-2
1. Water Quality Conditions ........................................... 111-2
2. Causes of Water Quality Degradation ...................... 111-6
C. Lake Quality ................................................................................... 111-10
1. Water Quality Conditions ........................................... I -10
2. Causes of Water Quality Degradation ...................... 111-11
D. Estuarine and Ocean Water Quality . . ......................................... 111-21
1. Water Quality Conditions ........................................... 111-21
2. Causes of Water Quality Degradation ...................... 111-22
E. Nonpoint Source Assessment ..................................................... 111-31
F. Waters Impacted by Toxics from Point Sources . . .................... 111-48
G. The Condition of New Jersey's Ocean Waters -
A Special State Concern . . ................................................ 111-58
H. Recommendations ........................................................................ 111-63
I. Water Quality Inventory ............................................................. 111-66

Introduction ...................................................................... 111-66
1. Wallkill River ....................................................... 111-77
2. Flat Brook ............................................................... 111-83
3. Paulins Kills .......................................................... 111-86
4. Pequest River ........................................................ 111-91
5. Pohatcong Creek .................................................. 111-96
6. Musconetcong River ........................................... 111-101
7. Delaware River Tributaries - Hunterdon County 111-107
8. Assunpink Creek .................................................. 111-112
9. Crosswicks Creek .................................................. 111-117
10. Rancocas Creek ..................................................... 111-123
11. Pennsauken Creek ............................................... 111-129
12. Cooper River ......................................................... 111-133
13. Big Timber Creek .................................................. 111-138
14. Rancoon Creek ...................................................... 111-142
15. Oldmans Creek ....................................................... 111-147
16. Salem River ........................................................... 111-150
17. Cohansey River .................................................... 111-155

iii

18. Maurice River ....................................................... 111-159
19. Great Egg Harbor River ...................................... 111-165
20. Mullica River ........................................................ 111-171
21. Toms River ............................................................. 111-178
22. Manasquan River ................................................. 111-184
23. Monmouth County Coastal Drainage -
Navesink and Shark Rivers ............................ 111-190
24. South Branch Raritan River .............................. 111-197
25. North Branch Raritan River ............................. 111-204
26. Millstone River ..................................................... 111-211
27. South River ........................................................... 111-219
28. Raritan River ........................................................ 111-224
29. Rahway River (including Elizabeth River) ........... 111-232
30. Upper Passaic River ............................................ 111-238
31. Whippany River ................................................... 111-244
32. Rockaway River ................................................... 111-249
33. Pequannock River ............................................... 111-255
34. Wanaque River ..................................................... 111-259
35. Ramapo and Pompton Rivers ............................. 111-263
36. Lower Passaic River (including Saddle River) ..... 111-268
37. Hackensack River ................................................ 111-277
38. Shellfish Resources and Harvesting Area
Classifications, 1984-1987 and Estuarine
Water Quality ...................................................... 111-284
39. Status Report on the Delaware River ............... 111-293
40. Status Report on New York-
New Jersey Interstate Waters ........................ 111-297
Literature Cited ............................................................................. 111-302

TV. Ground Water Quality in New Jersey

A. Introduction .................................................................................. IV- 1
B. Importance of Ground Water in New Jersey ........................... IV-1
C. Ground Water Quality and Quantity Concerns ........................ IV-1
D. Ground Water in the State's Physiographic Provinces ....... IV-6
1. The Coastal Plain Province ....................................... IV-9
2. The Piedmont Province ............................................ IV-9
3. Highlands and Valley and Ridge Province ........... IV-10
E. Ground Water Management Practices in New Jersey ........... IV-10
1. Resource Evaluation .................................................. IV- 14
2. Quantity Protection .................................................... IV- 14
3. Quality Protection ...................................................... IV- 15
Literature Cited ............................................................................. IV- 19

V. New Jersey's Water Quality Management Programs

Introduction .................................................................................. V-1
A. Point Source Control .................................................................... V-1
B. Nonpoint Source Control ............................................................ V-6
C. Wetlands Protection ..................................................................... V- 10
D. Surface Water Monitoring Programs ....................................... V-13
E. Surface Water Rating System .................................................... V-18
F. Lakes Management ...................................................................... V-24
Literature Cited ............................................................................ V-25

Prologue

"Rivers have what man most respects and longs
for in his own life and thought - a capacity for
renewal and replenishment, continual energy,
creativity, cleaning."

John M. Kauffmann

Flow East

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Executil.,.n-

Summary

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CHAALPTE R J ~~~of freshwater and tidal wetlands, 120 miles
CHAPTER 1.~ of ocean coast line and 420 square miles of
open estuarine waters. New Jersey had 7.4
Executive Summary million residents in 1980.
- Freshwaters of the State should be able to
A . Purpose support primary contact recreation, and
the maintenance and propagation of nat-
The New Jersey 1988 State Water Quality ural and established biota (clean water
Inventory Report is an assessment of cur- goals). Most estuarine and ocean waters
rent water quality conditions in the State's should also meet these uses, as well as for
major rivers, lakes, estuaries, and ocean shellfish harvesting. However, certain
waters. In addition, the report describes inter-state waters between New Jersey and
which waters are attaining state desig- New York, and New Jersey and Pennsyl-
nated water uses and national clean water vania do not have to have sufficient water
goals; the pollution problems identified in quality for these uses.
surface waters; and the suspected and
known sources of water pollution. Two Chapter III -
statewide assessments required by the Surface Water Quality in New Jersey
Water Quality Act of 1987 are also included,
a determination of waters impacted by - The report uses two assessment method-
nonpoint sources of water pollution; and a ologies to evaluate water quality and pol-
listing of waters where toxics are sus- lution sources: monitored assessments
pected or known to be elevated because of (based on actual in-stream monitoring)
wastewater discharges. and evaluated assessments (based on pro-
fessional judgement, land uses, known
This report is prepared every two years pollution sources, and other non-water
pursuant to Section 305(b) of the federal quality information).
Clean Water Act and is the eighth in a se-
ries of state water quality inventory re- - Water quality has been assessed in
ports since 1975. Five chapters are in- nearly 1900 freshwater stream miles (only
cluded in this report; they include: 740 estimated miles are monitored); public
I. Executive Summary ~~lakes (all public lakes are evaluated but
1. Executive Summa r y ~ ~ not monitored); 620 square miles of estu-
II. Introduction and Background arine waters (almost all monitored); and
III. Surface Water Quality 430 ocean square miles (mostly moni-
in New Jersey tored).
[V. Ground Water Quality
in New Jersey - Approximately 31 percent of New Jersey
V. New Jersey's Water Quality monitored freshwater rivers and streams
Management Progra m s meet both the swimmable and fish propa-
Management Programs gation/ maintenance clean water goals.
B. Principal Findings Of these 227 miles which meet both goals,
136 (or 60 percent) are the Delaware River
The following major conclusions and alone. The fishable goal is supported in 78
findings from the 1988 State Water Quality percent of the assessed waters, while 17
Inventory Report are grouped by chapter. percent partially support the goal and 5
percent do not support it. Sixty three per-
Chapter 1I - cent of monitored freshwaters are not
Introduction and Background swimmable.
- All of New Jersey's public lakes are clas-
- New Jersey has 6,450 miles of rivers, sified to be threatened for attainment of
24,000 acres of public lakes, 900,000 acres

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CHAP T ER !\ DT 11shaping national policy regarding water
CHAPTEI R II pollution control mandates and priorities.
This report also has much value to the
State's citizens and interested public as an
ntroductio]n information source on water quality condi-
and Background tions and water pollution sources.

The 1988 State Water Quality Inventory Re-
A. Introduction port serves as the initial submittal of cer-
tain information required by the Federal
The New Jersey 1988 State Water Quality In- Water Quality Act of 1987. This includes an
ventory Report is the eighth in a series of assessment of the severity and extent of
State Water Quality Inventory Reports that nonpoint source pollution in the State, in-
have been prepared by the New Jersey De- eluding a listing of waters suspected of be-
partment of Environmental Protection ing impacted by nonpoint sources; and a
(NJDEP) since 1975. The State Water Quality preliminary identification of waters af-
Inventory Report is due every two years, fected by toxic pollutants originating from
and is prepared pursuant to Section 305(b) point sources. Both of these assessments
of the federal Clean Water Act (P.L. 95-217). will be used as a basis for further investi-
The Report, commonly referred to as the gation on the subject, and in the develop-
305(b) report, addresses the following is- ment of water quality management pro-
sues: grams. This year's 305(b) report also con-
tains an expanded fisheries analysis based
- The quality of the State's surface waters. on waterbody characterizations performed
by the NJ Division of Fish, Game and
- An analysis of the extent to which surface Wildlife. Finally, the report summarizes
waters will attain the fish propagation and water quality data from the period 1983 to
maintenance and swimmable goals of the 1987 with the water quality index intro-
Clean Water Act, and the designated uses duced in the 1986 report.
outlined by the State.
The 1988 State Water Quality Inventory Re-
-A description of water pollution sources port contains five chapters. Besides Chapter
that are adversely affecting water quality. I - Executive Summary, and Chapter II - In-
troduction and Background, they are:
- The actions that are necessary to improve Chapter III - Surface Water Quality in New
water quality in the State's waters so that Jersey, Chapter IV - Ground Water Condi-
clean water goals are achieved, and the tions in New Jersey, and Chapter V - New
estimated costs of such actions. Jersey's Water Quality Management Pro-
grams. The information provided in this
The State Water Quality Inventory Report report, as well as its general layout, has
serves two major functions. First, it is the been designed to follow USEPA's Guidelines
main public reporting document produced for the Preparation of the 1988 State Water
by the NJDEP that describes water quality Oualitv Assessment. Much of the narrative
conditions, trends or changes, and whether in this report was originally prepared for
progress is being achieved in meeting des- the 1986 report, and has been updated ac-
ignated uses and clean water goals. Second, cordingly.
the report notifies Congress on what is nec-
essary to clean our waters. New Jersey's re- Chapter III - Surface Water Quality in New
port is incorporated into a National Water Jersey presents major conclusions re-
Quality Inventory Report by the United garding the quality of the State's waterways,
States Environmental Protection Agency and summarizes water quality conditions in
(USEPA), and is then submitted to Congress. the State's major rivers and streams be-
The report, therefore, is instrumental in tween 1983 and 1987. The quality of the

11-1

State's lakes, estuaries and ocean waters are merous offices throughout the Division, De-
assessed in this chapter, including the per- partment and local government contributed
centage of each type of waterbody that will information utilized in the report's prepa-
meet the figh propagation/maintenance and ration. The information collected has been
swimmable clean water goals and State des- designed to supplement the water quality
ignated uses. Causes of nonsupport of des- data presented so that designated use and
ignated uses are reviewed along with a pre- goal assessments, in-stream conditions, and
liminary listing of waters suspected of be- pollution sources can be better understood
ing degraded by nonpoint sources. The re- and identified.
sults of the preliminary determination of
waters impacted by toxics, as required by The New Jersey 1988 State Water Quality In-
the new Water Quality Act of 1987, is also in- ventory Report incorporates much infor-
cluded in this chapter. In addition, Chapter mation from other state agencies and local
III contains detailed waterbody specific in- agencies in order to describe the potential
formation in the Water Quality Inventory, extent and severity of nonpoint source pol-
which is an assessment of the water quality, lution, and the quality of in-stream condi-
pollution sources, and use support determi- tions. This will serve as the basis for fur-
nation for approximately 50 streams ther study and should provide a better un-
throughout the State and interstate waters. derstanding of stream conditions in the
Finally, a section discussing the States con- State. Maintaining a relationship with
cern over ocean water quality is presented these agencies is necessary for future non-
in this chapter. point source and water quality management
work.
Chapter IV - Ground Water Conditions in
New Jersey is a discussion of groundwater B. Background
quality and quantity conditions in the State
and current management efforts for the New Jersey, despite being the fourth small-
resource. This chapter is designed to update est state in the nation, contains a wide vari-
information on ground waters provided in ety of land use types, water resources, geo-
previous 305(b) reports. logic characteristics and natural biota and
fauna. Within the State's 8,204 square miles
The State's water quality management ac- are sections of the Appalachian Mountains,
tivities for the control of both point and 120 miles of coastline, large cities and in-
nonpoint sources are presented in Chapter dustrial centers, rich crop-producing lands
V - New Jersey's Water Quality Management and a largely undeveloped Pinelands re-
Programs. Successes and highlights from gion. New Jersey has approximately 6,450
these management programs are described, miles of rivers and streams, and 24,000 acres
as are our needs (projected to the year 2000) of lakes and ponds. In addition, there are
for improving municipal wastewater treat- 1400 square miles of fresh and saline
ment. This chapter also contains a descrip- marshes and wetlands, and 420 square miles
tion of monitoring activities and results of of open estuarine waters.
the updated Surface Water Rating System
which was discussed in the 1986 305(b) re- There are five major drainage basins in the
port. The rating system has been used to State. The largest is the Delaware River
prioritize certain pollution control activi- Basin (3000 sq. miles), followed by the At-
ties in the State. Recommendations for lantic Coastal Basin (approximately 2000 sq.
further achievement of the Clean Water miles), the Passaic/Hackensack Basin (1200
goals and designated use are also presented sq. miles), the Raritan River Basin (1100 sq.
in this chapter. miles) and the Wallkill River (210 sq. miles),
which drains to the Hudson River in New
This report has been prepared by the Bu- York State. Figure 11-1 shows these basins
reau of Water Quality Planning of the Plan- and the many smaller watersheds within
ning and Standards Element, Division of
Water Resources, NJDEP. In addition, nu-

11-2

TABLE 11-1 NEW JERSEY GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS

State Surface Area 7,486 sq. miles

State Population (1980) 7.365 million

Major River Basins Delaware, Passaic/Hackensack,
Atlantic, Raritan and Wallkill

River Miles 6,450*

Border River Miles 310*

Number of Public Lakes/Reservoirs/Ponds 380*

Acres of Public Lakes/Reservoirs/Ponds 24,000*

Square Miles of Estuaries/Bays 420 (open waters)

Ocean Coastal Miles 120

Acres of Freshwater Wetlands 661,000*

Acres of Coastal/Tidal Wetlands 243,000*

* Approximate Figure

11-3

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NEWS JERSE STAT WAE ULT

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11-4O
I~~~~INETR REPORTS

11-4 - I

of the State: Delaware Bay as the southern docks are being converted to commercial
border, Delaware River as the western bor- and residential centers. In older urban
der and the Atlantic Ocean, Raritan Bay, cities, redevelopment along available wa-
Arthur Kill, Kill Van Kull and Hudson River terways is serving as the basis for entire
as the eastern boundary. urban renewal projects. Vacant buildable
space along the State's coast and estuar-
The waters of New Jersey are heavily influ- ies/bays is rapidly diminishing. Inland,
enced by the land uses and population cen- lakefront property or land near lakes is in
ters in the State. In 1980, New Jersey had a prime demand.
population of slightly over 7.3 million peo-
ple. By the year 2000, the NJ Department of New Jersey's surface waters are utilized for
Environmental Protection estimates that the a variety of purposes. Water diversions are
State's population will climb to over 8.5 mil- so great that the State's three largest rivers,
lion. Although New Jersey is the most the Delaware, Passaic and Raritan Rivers, all
densely populated state in the nation, the have passing flow requirements. Diversion
State's population is not equally distributed. of stream flow for potable water supply, in-
Densities are greatest in the regions sur- dustrial process and cooling purposes, agri-
rounding New York City and Philadelphia, cultural irrigation, and maintenance of
and along the northern Atlantic Coast. reservoir/impoundment water levels is
Many scattered towns and cities are found common throughout the State. NJDEP's Bu-
throughout the remainder of the State. Most reau of Water Allocation, as mandated in the
watersheds in the State flow through a vari- State Water Supply Management Act
ety of land uses, usually within short dis- (N.J.S.A. 58A:1 et. seq.), requires water di-
tances. Generally, streams and rivers version permits for all withdrawals of more
originate in rural, undeveloped and agri- than 100,000 gallons per day. As of April
cultural lands before entering subur- 1988, allocations have been issued in
ban/urbanized areas. amounts of approximately 2,700 million
gallons per day (mgd) for potable supply,
Accurate figures on the percentage of the 1,100 mgd for agricultural use, and nearly
various land uses that currently exists in 6,000 mgd for industrial purposes.
New Jersey are not available. Undeveloped
forests and other vacant lands are still the Surface waters also serve as an important
predominant land uses in the State. The re- foundation for recreation in the State.
mainder is divided fairly equally between NJDEP (1984) estimates that combined peak
agricultural, suburban and urban day demand for swimming, motor boating
(including industrial) uses. Many areas of and fishing in New Jersey in 1980 was
New Jersey have been undergoing exten- 2,959,986 activity days. Freshwater swim-
sive and rapid growth during the past five ming composed 40 percent of the total, salt-
years. This growth consists of light indus- water swimming 47 percent, freshwater
try/corporate centers, commercial facilities boating and fishing 3 percent, and saltwater
and suburban development. The develop- boating and fishing 10 percent. By the year
ment, encouraged by a favorable economy 2000, the combined peak day demand for
and improved transportation corridors, is these activities is expected to be over 3,550,
encroaching upon prime agricultural and 000 activity days (NJDEP, 1984). Overall,
vacant lands in most of northern and cen- swimming is the second most popular
tral portions of the State, in the northern outdoor recreation activity in the State;
coastal counties, and in the southern fishing is seventh and motor boating is sev-
Delaware River drainage area near enteenth. Maintenance and improvement
Philadelphia. of water quality in the State is critical from
a recreational standpoint. As recreational
Waterfront development and redevelopment demand increases, so will our demand for
is also occurring in an intense manner in clean water.
New Jersey. Along the Lower Hudson River
and the Delaware River, former piers and

11-5

A~~

7~~~~~~~~~~~

Figure II-2
Areas of New Jersey
With Land in
Trout Production Watersheds
(Based on Information
Available to Date)

11-6

@ ~~~~Revised
2 g ~~~~December 1987

11-6

a
wf

Figure II-3 i

Areas of New Jersey
With Land in
Trout Maintenance Watersheds
(Based on Information
Available to Date)

Revised
December 1987

11-7

A variety of aquatic habitats are found maintenance (fishable) goal is designed to
throughout New Jersey. Freshwaters vary have all possible waters supporting healthy
from cool trout waters in northern New Jer- and reproducing aquatic biota (usually both
sey, to acidic Pinelands streams in southern indigenous and introduced).
areas of the State. Tidal streams and rivers,
along with coastal bays and estuaries, are All freshwaters of New Jersey are assigned
used by anadromous fish, and various ocean designated uses that reflect the national
fishes migrate past and through the State's clean water goals (except for freshwater
coastal waters. Figures II-2 and II-3 show tidal portions of the Delaware River tribu-
the extent of Trout Production and Trout taries from Rancocas Creek to Big Timber
Maintenance waters in the State as outlined Creek inclusive). Certain tidal and estuar-
in New Jersey's Surface Water Quality Stan- ine saline waters of the State are classified
dards (N.J.A.C. 7:9-4.1 et. seq.) (NJDEP, 1983 for less than these goals. SE-2 (Saline estu-
and 1985). The remaining freshwaters of arine) waters only have to meet water qual-
the State are classified as Nontrout, meaning ity criteria for secondary contact recre-
that warm water fish predominate. The NJ ation, while SE-3 waters only have to allow
Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife also for secondary contact recreation and the
stocks sport fishes in many streams and maintenance/migration of fish (not propa-
lakes. Both trout species and warm water gation). Waters in New Jersey assigned SE-2
lake fishes are stocked annually. and SE-3 classifications are found in the ur-
banized northeast and the Philadel-
New Jersey's estuarine and coastal waters phia/Camden region. They include the tidal
also contain viable commercial shellfish- Passaic, Hackensack, Elizabeth and Rahway
eries. The health of this resource is espe- Rivers, and specific tidal tributaries to the
cially dependent upon clean waters. Dis- Delaware River from Big Timber Creek to
ruption of shellfish beds by dredging and Oldman Creek. All interstate waters between
siltation combined with bacterial pollution New Jersey and New York do not have to
has threatened the ability of the shellfish to meet clean water goals, as defined by the
reproduce and grow. This has hindered or Interstate Sanitation Commission. This is
prevented harvesting. New Jersey's envi- also true for the Delaware River from mile
ronmental protection efforts have made point 118 downstream to mile point 60, based
maintenance of this resource a statewide on criteria established by the Delaware
priority. River Basin Commission.

C. Water Classifications Anti-degradation policies apply to all sur-
and Designated Uses face waters of the State. Existing uses must
in New Jersey be either maintained or protected, and no
irreversible changes to water quality are
In New Jersey, all surface waters have been allowed that would impair or preclude at-
assigned a set of "designated uses" that the fainment of designated uses. Waters classi-
waters should be able to support throughout fied as nondegradation waters must be
the year. These designated uses are defined maintained in their natural state, and are
in the State's Surface Water Quality Stan- not to be subject to any manmade wastewa-
dards regulations and are generally based ter discharges.
on a set of numeric and narrative water
quality criteria (NJDEP, 1985). In most areas
of the State, the designated uses correspond
to the swimmable and fish propagation and
maintenance goals of national clean water
legislation. The swimmable goal is intended
to have all possible surface waters be of suf-
ficient quality to allow for primary contact
recreation. The fish propagation and

11-8

LITERATURE CITED

NJ Department of Environmental Protection. 1983. Basic Information About
New Jersey Trout Waters. Division of Water Resources, and the
Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife; Trenton, New Jersey. Partially
updated 1987.

Ibid. 1984. Outdoor Recreation Plan of New Jersey. Green Acres Program;
Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1985. Surface Water Quality Standards. N.J.A.C. 7:9-4.1 et seq.;
Division of Water Resources; Trenton, New Jersey.

**....:.+: 6 t: : .. ...: . b . . . ~~~~~~~: :. : ::: :::i:jt::: :::::::::::

Chapter III

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... .......................... .....,-.- - .----.-.-.---.

Surface Water

Quality

in New Jersey

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CHAPTER III. Monitored waters are those waterbodies for
which the assessment is based on current
Surface Water Qluality site-specific ambient water quality data

in Ne w Jersey Prior NJ State Water Quality Inventory Re-
ports were based primarily on monitoring
information with limited use of best profes-
A. Introduction sional judgement and other non-water
quality data assessments. However, the
USEPA is encouraging the states to report on
This chapter presents a review of current as many waters as possible and to use all
water quality conditions in New Jersey's available sources of water quality-related
streams, rivers, lakes, estuaries and ocean information. As a result, expanded utiliza-
waters. The types of pollutants found in the tion of fisheries surveys and questionnaires
State's surface waters, and known and po- has taken place for this report. These new
tential cources of these pollutants are also evaluations serve as the basis for the non-
discussed. A determination of waters that point source assessments and determination
are achieving State designated uses and the of waters achieving the fish propagation
national clean water goals is presented. and maintenance use. A more detailed de-
scription of assessment methodologies is
Chapter III is divided into nine sections.. Be- presented in the introduction to Section I.
sides this introduction, sections include: B. Water Oualitv Inventory.
River and Stream Quality, C. Lake Quality, D.
Estuarine and Ocean Water Quality, E. New This State Water Quality Inventory Report
Jersey's Nonpoint Source Assessment, F. New assesses water quality, fish communities,
Jersey Waters Impacted by Toxic Substances and pollution sources in over 60 major
Originating From Point Sources, G. The Con- and plus numerous smaller
dition of New Jersey's Ocean Waters - A Spe- tributaries. The State's larger estuarine
cial State Concern, H. Recommendations and waterways and ocean waters are also re-
I. Water Quality Inventory. Sections B-E are viewed. Limited information on lake quality
designed as Statewide summaries, utilizing is available because minimal monitoring
the more detailed information provided in and evaluation has been conducted re-
section I. Water Quality Inventory. cently. The primary source of monitoring
data used for assessing freshwater river and
Assessment Methodologies stream quality are the State and federal am-
bient stream water quality monitoring net-
This State Water Quality Inventory Report works. This includes approximately 115
uses two main assessment methodologies, monitoring locations across the State, all lo-
monitored and evaluated, to determine the cated in freshwaters.
quality of surface waters and sources im-
pacting them. The US Environmental Pro- A host of water quality and pollution indi-
tection Agency (USEPA) defines these terms cators are analyzed at each site. Indicators
as follows: used in this report to characterize water
quality conditions include: stream temper-
Evaluated waters are those waterbodies for ature, dissolved oxygen (concentration and
which the assessment is based on informa- percent saturation), biochemical oxygen
tion other than current site-specific ambi- demand, pH, fecal coliform, total phospho-
ent data, such as data on land use, location of rus, nitrogen-containing compounds
known or potential sources, predictive mod- (ammonia, nitrite-nitrate and total Kjeldahl
eling using estimated input variables, sur- nitrogen), total dissolved solids, and metals
veys of fisheries personnel, citizen com- (lead, mercury, cadmium and copper). Com-
plaints, and best professional judgement.

Ill-i

bined these indicators can present a picture The fish propagation and maintenance
of a stream's condition at the particular time (fishable) use and clean water goal was
of sample collection. However, the stream based primarily on the fisheries surveys
environment is dynamic; what is found in a provided by State biologists. Water quality
stream one day, may or may not be found data was also factored into the decision-
the next day, or in much different levels. making process where no fisheries survey
was completed, or when the water quality
The results of monitoring activities were data identified specific problems. A more
also utilized in characterizing estuarine and thorough description of how designated
ocean water quality. These activities consist uses were determined is presented in the
of shellfish harvesting water classification introduction to Section I of this chapter.
monitoring, summer-time bay and ocean
beach sampling, bay and ocean phyto- B. River and Stream Quality
plankton monitoring, and EPA's summer
ocean monitoring program. The interstate This section summarizes the quality of the
agencies also perform monitoring of their freshwater rivers and streams in New Jer-
respective waters. Other monitoring activi- sey. This summary is based on the detailed
ties used to assess surface waters were in- watershed assessments in Section I Water
tensive surveys (usually for wasteload allo- Quality Inventory. Described below are the
cation and enforcement purposes), and spe- amount of fresh waters in New Jersey
cial studies. meeting the State's designated uses, the
amount achieving the clean water goals set
As mentioned above, evaluated assessments forth in national legislation, the pollutants
were also used to determine general water found, and the source categories causing
quality conditions and potential pollution water degradation.
sources. Evaluations of the fish communi-
ties and their health were performed by bi- 1. Water Quality Conditions
ologists in the NJ Division of Fish, Game and
Wildlife. These evaluations served as the The amount of freshwater river and stream
prime determinant of which waters support mileage in the State which is achieving the
fish propagation/maintenance uses and swimmable and fish propagation and main-
goals. Information from county planning tenance designated uses/clean water goals
agencies, local soil conservation districts, is presented in Table 111-1. This report has
and fisheries biologists was the basis of the evaluated 740 monitored freshwater miles,
nonpoint source assessment and which wa- and nearly 1600 evaluated freshwater miles.
ters are impacted by these sources. This Of the 740 monitored miles, 148 are the
Of the 740 monitored miles, 148 are the
"evaluated" assessment was necessary be- Delaware River. Table III-2 shows the qual-
cause little or no monitoring of nonpoint ity of the major rivers and streams in the
sources has been conducted in the State. State and their current use attainment.
Evaluations were also based on the presence
of point sources or hazardous waste sites, Approximately 31 percent of New Jersey's
land uses, stream disturbance activities, and freshwater streams (as measured in miles)
the lack of certain water uses occurring in can be considered to be meeting both the
a stream. swimmable and fish propagation and main-
tenance clean water goals. Generally,
Determination of designated use support and streams classified as swimmable are also of
achievement of clean water goals was based sufficient quality for supporting healthy
on both monitored and evaluated data. fishlife. Of the total 740 monitored stream
Swimmable status was determined where miles, 227 miles or 31 percent are
monitoring for fecal coliform took place; or swimmable. However, 136 of these 227 miles
in the absence of data, where gross pollu- occur in the Delaware River; therefore,
tion levels occur. when excluding the Delaware River only 91
monitored miles (15 percent) are judged

111-2

TABLE III-1 DESIGNATED USE SUPPORT AND CLEAN WATER ACT GOAL ATTAINMENT
- NEW JERSEY'S FRESHWATER RIVERS AND STREAMS 1

Swimmable

Miles Miles
Use/Goal Support Evaluated Monitored Total Assessed

Fully Supports 0 227 227
Threatened3 0 46
Partially Supports 0 48 48
Does Not Support 0 465 465

Total 0 740 740

Fish Propagation and Maintenance

Miles Miles
Use/Goal Support Evaluated Monitored Total Assessed2

Fully Supports 1207 598 1463
Threatened3 340 1 6
Partially Supports 297 112 307
Does Not Support 72 30 97

Total 1576 740 1867

1 Designated uses for New Jersey's freshwaters are equivalent to the swimmable and fish
propagation/maintenance Clean Water Act goals.

2 The total miles for assessing fishable use is less than the total evaluated and monitored
miles because double-counting is eliminated.

3 Threatened waters are considered a subset of fully supports.

TABLE III-2 PAST AND CURRENT STATUS OF FRESHWATER STREAMS MEETING THE SWIMMABLE
AND FISHABLE DESIGNATED USES/CLEAN WATER GOALS

Swimmable Status Fishable Status
Waterway 1977 1988 1977 1988 Current Quality
.......................................................................................................................
Wallkill River No No Yes Yes* Good
Flat Brook Yes Yes Yes Yes Good
Paulins Kill No No Yes Yes Good/Fair
Pequest River No No Yes Yes Good
Musconetcong River Yes* Yes* Yes Yes Good/Fair
Pohatcong Creek No No Yes Yes Fair
Wickecheoke Creek No No Yes Yes*. Fair
Assunpink Creek No Yes* Yes* Yes* Good/Fair
Crosswicks Creek No No Yes Yes* Good/Fair
Rancocas Creek No Yes* No Yes Good/Fair
Pennsauken Creek No No No Yes* Fair/Poor
Cooper River No Yes* No Yes* Good/Very Poor
Big Timber Creek No No No Yes Fair
Raccoon Creek No No Yes Yes* Good
Oldmans Creek No No Yes Yes Good
Salem River No Yes No Yes Good/Fair
Cohansey River No No Yes Yes Fair
Maurice River No Yes* Yes Yes Excellent/Good
Great Egg Harbor R. Yes* Yes* Yes Yes* Fair/Poor
Mullica River Yes Yes* Yes Yes Excellent
Toms River Yes* No Yes Yes Good
Manasquan River No No Yes Yes Fair
Shark River - Yes* - Yes Good
So. Branch Raritan R. No Yes* Yes Yes Good/Fair
Lamington River - No - Yes Good/Fair
No. Branch Raritan R. No No Yes Yes Good/Fair
Millstone River No No Yes Yes* Good/Fair
So. River Tributaries No No Yes Yes Good/Fair

* Portions Only

TABLE III-2 (Continued) PAST AND CURRENT STATUS OF FRESHWATER STREAMS MEETING THE SWIMMABLE
AND FISHABLE DESIGNATED USES/CLEAN WATER GOALS

Swimmable Status Fishable Status
Waterway 1977 1988 1977 1988 Current Quality

Raritan River No No No Yes* Good/Fair
Rahway River No No Yes Yes* Fair
Elizabeth River No No Yes* No Fair
Upper Passaic River No No Yes Yes* Fair/Poor
Whippany River No No Yes Yes* Fair/Poor
Rockaway River Yes* No Yes Yes* Good/Fair
Pequannock River - Yes - Yes* Good
Wanaque River - Yes - Yes* Excellent
Ramapo River Yes* No Yes Yes Fair
Pompton River Yes* No Yes Yes* Good
Lower Passaic River No No No Yes* Fair
Hackensack River No No No Yes* Good
Delaware River
(freshwater)
Zone 1 Yes* Yes* Yes Yes Excellent/Good
Zone 2 Yes* Yes Yes Yes Good/Fair

* Portions Only

swimmable. Forty-six of the 91 swimmable 2.. Causes of Water Quality Degradation
miles are further thought to be threatened
by the presence of potential pollution The great majority of New Jersey's moni-
sources. The 1986 305(b) report stated that tored freshwater streams contain elevated
29 percent of the monitored freshwaters are nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen com-
swimmable. The 31 percent figure given pounds) and bacteria (fecal coliforms) lev-
for 1988 represents a modest 6 percent in- els. Table III-3 summarizes which pollu-
crease over the two year period, and a 32 tants are found in the State and their rela-
percent increase since 1972. Waters classi- tive impact. The table shows that nutrients
fied as swimmable are those primarily in and pathogens/bacteria are excessive in 81
protected watersheds or directly down- percent of the monitored freshwaters
stream of an impoundment where the set- (excluding the Delaware River). Other pol-
tling action of the impoundment likely re- lutants which are suspected of having
duces the instream bacteria levels. High fe- statewide and significant impacts on water
cal coliform concentration is the principal quality include organic enrich-
reason why so many waterways are not of ment/dissolved oxygen levels, salinity from
swimmable quality. road salts, and oil and grease.

The proportion of New Jersey's freshwaters A number of other pollutant types are ei-
supporting healthy and reproducing fish ther known or suspected problems in the
populations is considerably better. Of over State. Known pollutants/water quality
1850 stream miles evaluated and monitored, problems occurring in moderate to low lev-
1463 or 78 percent are believed to be fully els statewide (or are locally significant) are
supporting the fish propagation and main- certain pesticides, priority organics and
tenance designated use and clean water metals, ammonia, pH deviations, and tem-
goal. Twenty-four percent of waters meet- perature or thermal modifications. These
ing this use may be threatened, however, problems have been detected in monitoring
because of the existence of known or po- activities, and their extent range from be-
tential pollution sources. Waters which ing elevated in one percent of the moni-
have moderately degraded fish communities tored waters for metals to 14 percent for
are considered to be partially meeting the ammonia. Most other categories of pollu-
fish propagation and maintenance use. tants, as defined by EPA and presented Table
Seventeen percent of the assessed waters 11-3, are suspected of being present in New
fall into this category. Only five percent are Jersey's surface waters in small quantities.
classified as not meeting the use, or to have They include unknown toxic substances,
severely degraded communities. nonpriority organics, and chlorine. Habitat
modifications and flow alterations also have
In comparison with prior assessments of the impacts locally.
proportion of waters meeting the fish prop-
agation and maintenance use, 13 percent The actual cause of these water quality
more waters are now meeting the use than problems is less clear. Table 111-4 shows
in 1972. But such direct comparisons are those pollutant source categories which are
not encouraged because different assess- adversely affecting the State's freshwaters.
ment methodologies are now employed to No accurate quantification of the extent of
determine attainment of the fishable goal. these sources is currently available. This is
Actual fisheries surveys are currently uti- because both point and nonpoint sources
lized to determine "fishable" status. Earlier are present to some degree in practically
editions of this report relied principally on every watershed in the State, and unless
water quality data. monitoring or predictive modelling is per-
formed specifically for the purpose of
defining pollutant inputs and stream re-
sponse, such a determination can not be
correctly made. Even when modelling ac-

111-6

tivities are conducted in New Jersey they
are usually for wasteload allocations, and
analyze low flow conditions.

Generally, the 1100 industrial and munici-
pal wastewater discharges have significant
impacts to water quality statewide. Non-
point sources coming from urban runoff,
construction activities, agricultural prac-
tices, and land disposal practices (including
septic systems), are also extensive. In many
instances pollutants from these sources are
released via stormwater outfalls. Other
types of nonpoint sources found in New Jer-
sey in limited scope include silvicultural
activities, resource extraction, and hydro-
logic/habitat modification. Combined sewer
outfalls, surcharging sewage conveyence
lines/pump stations, illegal discharges, and
facilities in permit non-compliance are all
fairly common sources of water pollution in
New Jersey. The wet and dry deposition of
air pollutants, including acid rain, is a -pol-
lution source whose significance is as yet
unclear because of a lack of data. Additional
discussion of the State's point source control
programs can be found in Chapter V. Sec-
tion E of this chapter reviews the nonpoint
source assessment performed pursuant to
the Water Quality Act of 1987.

111-7

TABLE III-3 SUMMARY OF POLLUTANTS FOUND IN NEW JERSEY'S FRESHWATERS

Major/Statewide Moderate/Localized/Minor
Pollutant Categories Impacts Impacts

Unknown Toxicity ?
Pesticides 3
Priority Organics 3
Nonpriority Organics ?
Metals 1
Ammonia 1 4
Chlorine ?
Nutrients 8 1
pH 8
- Siltation ?
co Organic Enrichment/Dissolved Oxygen 11
Salinity/Road Salts ?
Thermal Modification 1 3
Flow Alteration ?
Habitat Alterations ?
Pathogens 8 1
Radiation ?
Oil and Grease ?

Key:
2 = Impact is suspected; a lack of monitoring data exists to substantiate the conclusion and its extent.

# = The percentage of monitored freshwaters containing the pollutant in elevated amounts. Based on a total of 590 monitored miles;
does not include Delaware River Basin Commission interstate waters.

TABLE 111-4 SUMMARY OF THE SEVERITY OF POLLUTANT SOURCES IMPACTING NEW JERSEY'S FRESHWATERS

Major/Statewide Moderate/Local/Minor
Source Category Impacts Impacts

Point Sources

Industrial X
Municipal X
Combined sewer outfalls X
Stormwater outfalls X

Nonpoint Source

Agriculture X
Silviculture X
Construction X
Urban Runoff X
Resource Extraction X
Land Disposal X
Hydrologic/Habitat
Modifications X

Note: Insufficient information exists to quantify the extent of these pollutant source categories.

C. Lake Quality adequate to control unwanted weed and al-
gae growth, it must be remembered that this
1. Water Quality Conditions type of activity is only treating the symp-
toms of eutrophication, and is not address-
New Jersey has approximately 51,000 lake ing any of the causes of the problems.
acres with approximately 24,000 of these The prmary factors to consider are the
acres in public ownership. While lakes play healthy economy and the associated build-
healthy economy and the associated build-
an important role in providing recreation, ing boom which has been taking place. As-
aesthetic value and wildlife habitat ing boom which has been taking place. As-
throughout the State, only limited moni- sociated with this is the loss of forests and
throughout the State, only limited moni- curb allochthonous
toring and assessment of lakes has occurred grassland which would curb allochthonous
during the past 5 to 8 years. Current water nutrient inflow into lakes. While no figures
during the past 5 to 8 years. Current water
quality information is available only for a are available, there have most likely been
limited number of lakes. The most recent increasing loadings of nonpoint pollutants
comprehensive data collection to many lakes throughout the State. In
cmrhnnprograms many cases, there is no regulatory over-
were conducted as a result of State or Feder- many cases, there is no regulatory over-
ally funded Phase I Diagnostic-Feasibility sight prior to these activities taking place
Studies. These projects have all taken place problem is not noticed until a use is
at lakes where water quality has deterio- prohibited or excessive plant growth
rated. For the remainder of the lakes in the reaches problematic levels. The following
lakes are known to have some degree of use
State, there is little conclusive data. impairment and require implementation of
impairment and require implementation of
However, the NJDEP estimates lake quality control programs. This list is not complete
throughout the State has generally deterio- and only represents lakes for which there
is some specific information:
rated or is threatened by accelerated eu-
trophication. In the absence of hard water
quality data all public lakes are being clas- Allamuchy Pond Mac's Pond
sified as "Designated Water Quality Uses
Threatened, Pending Further Information." Bracrook Park Sylvan Lake
Public lakes in the State are listed in Table Waterloo Lake Wesley Lake
IIIrn~~-5s~. ~Speedwell Lake Pocahontas Lake
Imlaystown Lake Bethel Lake
Kirkwood Lake Clove Lake
The 1985 Nonpoint Source Assessment pre- Lily Lake Davidson's Mill Pond
pared for the Association of State and Inter- Lincoln Park Lake Devoe Lake
state Water Pollution Control Administrators Lake Devoe Lake
(ASIWPCA) gave a rough picture of desig- Manahawkin Lake Echo Lake
nated use attainment in the State's lakes Manalapan Lake Hammonton Lake
(ASWPCA, 1985). This report assessed almost Mary Elmer Lake Overpeck Lake
19,000 acres of the State's lakes for use im- Memorial Lake Spring Lake
New Brooklyn Lake Strawbridge Lake
pairments. Over 5,000 acres were known to New Brooklyn Lake Strawbridge Lake
have partial or full use impairment, with Lake Takanassee Sunset Lake
over 11,000 acres listed as threatened with Woolman Lake Lake Topanemus
impairment, Giampietro Lake Verona Park Lake
Tuckerton Lake Woodbury Lake
Another indicator of possible water quality
conditions in New Jersey's lakes is aquatic In addition, 41 lakes have been identified by
herbicide application permits. In 1987, the loca l official s and fisheries biologists to
local officials and fisheries biologists to
NJDEP's Division of Environmental Quality, suffer possible impacts from nonpoint
Bureau of Pesticide Control, issued 314 per- sources. These lake are listed in Section E of
mits for herbicide application for the con- t his chapter under the Nonpoin Source As-
trol of aquatic weeds and algae. This repre-r under the Nonpoint Source As-
sents approximately one-quarter of the
State's lakes. While herbicides are usually

111-10

2. Causes of Water Quality Degradation

A summary of pollutant categories affecting
lakes in New Jersey is presented in Table
III-6. Pollutants are indicated as either a
known or 'suspected problem. There is in-
sufficient monitoring of lakes in the State to
be able to quantify the amount of lake acres
being impacted by each pollutant category.
The monitoring information available is,
for the most part, greater than five years
old and may not reflect current conditions.
The results of the 1985 lake nonpoint source
assessment, the ASIWPCA nationwide study,
is still considered the most recent and accu-
rate account of lake acres impaired by pol-
lutant categories and sources (ASIWPCA,
1985). The most frequent pollution prob-
lems impacting lakes are nutrients (most
lakes analyzed in the State are at some stage
of eutrophication), pH fluctuations, silta-
tion, depressed dissolved oxygen and or-
ganic enrichment and pathogens (fecal' co-
liform). The possible results of water diver-
sions (flow alterations), and oil and grease
from runoff are suspected of adversely im-
pairing many lakes.

Nonpoint source pollution is the primary
cause of water quality degradation in New
Jersey's lakes and impoundments. These
sources include urban, agricultural, con-
struction, and land disposal runoff; much of
this is transferred via stormwater outfalls.
These nonpoint sources, with the exception
of agricultural runoff, is generally thought
to be increasing in most areas of the State.
Effluent from municipal sewage treatment
plants is also considered a major source of
pollutants, although the extent of treat-
ment plants discharging to
lakes/impoundments is less than that of
nonpoint sources.

Contamination of lake fish and aquatic life
with chlordane has been detected in three
southern New Jersey lakes. Strawbridge,
Cooper and Steward Lakes have been closed
to fishing because of elevated chlordane in
fish tissue.

Ill-i11

TABLE III - 5 NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER RESOUiRCES
NEW JERSEY PUBLIC LAKES

ATLANTIC COUNTY BERGEN COUNTY BURLINGTON COUNTY
BARGAINTOWN POND BEAR SWAMP LAKE ABSEGAMI POND
BIRCH GROVE PARK PD BERGEN CO, WILDLIFE-CTR. (2 PONDS) ATISON LAKE
EGG HARBOR LAKE BERGEN CO, WILDLIFE-MAPLE LAKE DATSTO LAKE
HAMMONTON LAKE BERGEN CO. WILDLIFE-RAMPOUT CRYSTAL LAKE
HUNTERS MILL POND CANNONBALL LAKE GOSHEN POND
STOCKTON STATE COLLEGE-FRED LAKE COLE POND HARRISVILLE POND
STOCKTON STATE COLLEGE-PAM LAKE CRESTWOOD LAKE 1NDIAN MILLS LAKE
TUCKAHOE IMP-LOWER CRYSTAL LAKE (B.S.i) kENNETDY PK. LAKE
TUCKAHOE IMP-MIDDLE CRYSTAL LAKE PARK KIRBY MILLS LAKE
TUCKAHOE IMP-UPPER DAHNERTS LAKE LEBANON LAKES
DARLINGTON PARK (3 PONDS) MIRROR LAKE-WILD FOWL LAKE
,o GLEN ROCK MIRROR LAKES-BAYBERRY
INDIAN LAKE MIRROR LAKES-BIG PINE
MACMILLAN RES. MIRROR LAKES-LITTLE PINE LAKE
MILL LAKE MIRROR LAKES-MIRROR LAKE
OLD MILL POND NEW LISBON COL.
ORADELL RES. NEW LISBON LAKE
OVERPECK PARK-LOWER LAKE JAKFORD LAKE
OVERPECK PARK-UPPER LAKE OSWEGO LAKE
PINE LAKE PAKIM POND
SADDLEBROOK CO, PARK PRESIDENTIAL LAKES-ADAMS
SILVER LAKE PRESIDENTIAL LAKES-GRANT
TAPPON LAKE RES. PRESIDENTIAL LAKES-JEFFERSON (LOWER)
VAN SAUN CO. PARK PRESIIDENTIAL LAKES-JEFFERSON (UPPER)
VREELAND LAKE FRESIDENTIAL LAKES-MADISON _
WILD DUCK POND PRESIDENTIAL LAKES-MONROE
WILLOW LAKE SHADOW LAKE
WOODALE CO. PARK POND SHERWOOD LAKES (2)
WOODCLIFF LAKE RES. SMITHVILLE LAKE
STRAWBRIIDGE LAKE
SWEDES LAKE
SYLVAN LAKE-LOWER
SYLVAN LAKE-UPPER
V'INCENTOWN MILL

TABLE III-5 continued NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
NEW JERSEY PUBLIC LAKES

CAMDEN COUNTY CAPE MAY COUNTY CUMBERLAND COUNTY
AUDUBON LAKE CAPE MAY COUNTY PARK ALBERT GIAMPIETRO LAKE
BLACKWOOD LAKE CLINT MILL POND BURNT MILL FPOND
tLUE ANCHOR-WEST LAKE DAVEYS LAKE CLARKS POND-UPPER
COOPER RIVER LAKE DENNISVILLE LAKE CLARKS PONIS-LOWER
CRYSTAL LAKE EAST CREEK POND CLARKS PONDS-MAIN
DRAMISI LAKE LILLY LAKE HANKINS POND
EVANS POND NUMI LAKE MARY ELMER LAKE
HADDON LAKE PARKWAY POND MENANTICO POND
HIDDEN LAKE TUCHAHQE IMP,-MIDLE SHAWS MILL POND
HIRSHES LAKE TUCKAHOE IMP.-LOWER SUNSET LAKE
HOPKINS POND TUCKAHOE IMP.-UPPER
IRON MILL TUCKAHOE LAKE
JAGGERS LAKE
LAKELAND LAKE
LAKEVIEW DEV, LAKE
LAUREL LAKE
NEW BROOKLYN LAKE
NEWTON LAKE
ROWAND LAKE
TROUT RUN POND
WALWORTH POND
WINSLOW WILDLIFE

TABLE III-5 continued NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
NEW JERSEY PUBLIC LAKES

ESSEX COUNTY GLOUCESTER COUNTr HUDSON COUNTY
BRANCH BROOK PARK LAKES-LOWER ALCYON LAKE iHACKENSACK RESERVOIR '1
BRANCH BROOK PARK LAKES-MIDDLE BELL LAKE PARK HACKENSACK RESERVOIR 12
BRANCH BROOK PARK LAKES-UPPER FRANKLINVILLE LAKE JERSEY CITY RESERVOIR 42
BROOKDALE PARK GLEN LAKE JERSEY CITY RESERVOIR `3
BUTLER POND GREEN LAKE LINCOLN LAKE PARK (3)
CAMPBELLS POND GRENWICH LAKE NORTH HUDSON PARK
CANOE BROOK RES "1 HARRISONVILLE LAKE
CANOE BROOK RES '.2 IDLE ACRES LAKE
CEDAR GROVE RES, IONA LAKE
COMMONWEALTH RES *3 IRVIN LAKE
DIAMOND MILL POND LOGAN POND
- GROVER CLEVELAND MALAGA LAKE
IRVINGTON PARK NARRATICON LAKE
KINGSLAND PARK TYLER LAKE
ORANGE PARK WASHINGTON TWP4 LAKES-CEDAR
ORANGE RESERVOIR WASHINGTON TWP. LAKES-SPRING
TAYLOR LAKE WOODBURY LAKE
VERONA PARK
WEEQUAHIC LAKE

TABLE III-5 continued NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
NEW JERSEY PUBLIC LAKES

HUNTERDON COUNTY MERCER COUNTY MIDDLESEX COUNTY
AMWELL LAKE BALDWIN PRAIt4ARD LAKE
CARNEGIE LAKE iDALLENDACH POND
COLONIAL LAKE DAVIBSONS MILL
GROVERS MILL DEVOE LAKE
HAMILTON PARK FARRINGTON LAKE
KATZENBACH SCHOOL HOOKS CREEK LAKE
MERCER CO. PARK jOHNSON PARK LAKE
PEDDIE LAKE MANALAPAN LAKE
ROSEDALE LAKE NEW MARKET POND
ROWAN LAKE LAINSEBORO POND
SPRING LAKE ROOSEVELT PARK
TRENTON STATE COLLEGE-CEVA LAKE SILVER LAKE
TRENTON STATE COLLEGE-SYLVIA LAKE WESTON MILL POND
WHITEHEAD MILL

TABLE III-5 continued NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
NEW JERSEY PUBLIC LAKES

MONMOUTH COUNTY MORRIS COUNTY OCEAN COUNTY
ALBERTA AMES LAKE DMBER LAKE
ALDRICH LAKE BAKER MILL POND BARNEGAT LAKE
ALLAIRE ST, PARK BEE MEADOWS BAUER POND
ALLENTOWN LAKE BIRCHWOOD LAKE BAY AVE, LAKE
ASSUNPINK LAKE BOWLBY POND BENNETTS POND
COMO LAKE BROWNWOOD LAKE BRINDLE LAKE
DEAL LAKE BURNHAM PARK POND-LOWER BUTTERFLY DOGS
ECHO LAKE BURNHAM PARK POND-UPPER CARASALJO LAKE
FLETCHER LAKE CHARLOTTEBURG RES, CEDAR LAKE
FRANKLIN LAKE CRYSTAL LAKE COLLIERS MILLS
IMLAYSTOWN LAKE DALRYMPLES POND jEER HEAD LAKE
LEFFERTS LAKE DENMARK LAKE DOUBLE TROUBLE PARK
MATAWAN LAKE HARDBARGAIN POND FORGE POND
MILL POND-WEAHACONK HOPATCONG LAKE HARRY WRIGHI
MOHAWK LAKE HORSESHOE LAKE HOLIDAY LAKE
MONMOUTH CO. HORSE KIKEOUT RES. HORICON LAKE
NATCO LAKE LEDDELS POND LAKE OF THE LILLIES
PORICY POND LILLIAN LAKE LAKEHURST NAS-BASS LAKE
RISING SUN POND LOANTOKA BROOK POND LAKEHURST NAS-CLUB LAKE PDO
SHARK RIVER LAKE LONGWOOD LAKE LAKEHURST NAS-ISLAND LAKE
SHARON LAKE MACOPIN RES, LAKAEHURST NAS-PICKERAL POND
SILVER LAKE MIDLAND LAKE LAKEHUT NAS-RAINBOW POND
SPRING LAKE MINE HILL LAKE LITTLE SILVER
STONE TAVERN LAKE MORRISTOWN RES, HANAHAWKIN LAKE
SUNSET LAKE MOUNTAIN LAKE HANETTA LAKE . .
SUNSET MANOR LAKE MUSCCONETCONG LK. OCEAN COUNTY PARK
SWIMMING RIVER RESERVOIR PICATINNY LAKE PINE LAKE
SYLVAN LAKE POCAHONTAS LAKE PROSPERTOWN LAKE
TAKANA LAKE RANDOLPH LAKE SHENANDOAH LAKE
TAKANASSEE LAKE SAXTON LAKE STAFFORD FORGE
TOPANEMUS LAKE SPEEDWELL LAKE SUCCESS LAKE
TURKEY SWAMP LAKE SPRING GARDEN LAKE SUCCESS LAKE-CENTER LAKE
WAMPUM LAKE SPRING LAKE SUCCESS LAKE-LOWER LAKE
WESLEY LAKE SUNSET LAKE SUCCESS LAKE-UPPER LAKE
WRECK POND WATERLOO LAKE TURN MILL FPOND
WILDWOOD LAKE
WOODLAND LAKE- PV LAKE

TABLE III-5 continued NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
NEW JERSEY PUBLIC LAKES

PASSAIC COUNTY SALEM COUNTY SOMERSET COUNTY
BARBOUR POND BOSTWICK BEST POND
CEDAR POND FOX MILL NETTLARS POND
ECHO LAKE LAUREL LAKE NETTLERS DUCKPOND
GREENWOOD LAKE' MASKELLS MILL POND NETTLERS POWDER MILL POND
HANKS POND MICKEL'S MILL POND HETTLERS SPOOKY BROOK POND
MT. LAUREL LAKE PARVIN LAKE SYLVAN LAKE
NORTH COVE POND THUNDERGUST POND WASHINGTON LAKE
RAINBOW VALLEY WATCHUNG LAKE
RAMAPO LAKE
= RINGWOOD STATE PARK-SALLY'S POND
TSHEPPARD LAKE
SURPRISE- LAKE
TALLMANS POND
TOM'S LAKE
UPPER MT. LAUREL LAKE
WALLACE POND
WANAQUE RESERVOIR
WEST MILFORD LAKE
WEST POND
WOODLAND LAKE
YOHNIS POND

TABLE III-5 continued NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
NEW JERSEY PUBLIC LAKES

SUSSEX COUNTY UNION COUNTY WARREN COUNTY
ASHROE LAKE BLACKBROOK POND ALLAMUCHY POND
BLUE MTN4 LAKES (2) BRIANT PARK POND DEER PARK POND
CANISTEAR RES, BRIGHTWOOD POND GHOST
CLEARWATER GREEN BROOK LAKE MOUNTAIN LAKE
CLOVE ACRES LAKE JACKSON POND MOUNTAIN LAKE- 02
CRANBERRY LAKE KENILWORTH LAKE SUNFISH POND
CRATER LAKE LENAPE LAKE
CULVERS LAKE MCGILROYS POND;
DRY POND RES, MILTON LAKE
= DUCK POND MINDOWASKIN LAKE
FRANKIN POND NOMAHIGAN PARK
a HEATERS POND RAHWAY PARK LAKE
HERZENBERG LAKE SEELEY'S POND
KOHOUT LAKE SURPRISE LAKE
LAUREL LAKE WARINANCO PARK
LIVINGSTON PONDS (3)
LONG PINE PONDR
MARCIA LAKE
MORRIS LAKE (NEWTON RES.)
MOUNTAIN RIDGE
ROUND HOLLOW PONDI
RUTHERFORD RES,
SAW MILL LAKE
SPRING LAKE
STEENYKILL LAKE
STONY LAKE
SUCCESS LAKE
SWARTSWOOD LAKE- BIG
TIBB MEADOW IMP.
WAWAYANDA LAKE

TABLE III-6a SUMMARY OF THE SEVERITY OF POLLUTANT SOURCES IMPACTING NEW JERSEY'S LAKES

Major/Statewide Moderate/Localized/Minor
Source Categories Impacts Impacts

Point Sources
Industrial X
Municipal X
Combined sewer outfalls X
Stormwater outfalls X

Nonpoint Sources
Agriculture X
Silviculture X
Construction X
Urban runoff X
Resource extraction X
Land Disposal X
Hydrologic/Habitat modification X

Note: Insufficient recent information exists to quantify the extent of these pollutant source categories.

TABLE III-6b SUMMARY OF POLLUTANTS FOUND IN NEW JERSEY'S LAKES

Major/Statewide Moderate/Localized/Minor
Pollutant Categories Impacts Impacts

Unknown toxicity ?
Pesticides X
Priority Pollutants X
Nonpriority organics ?
Metals X
Ammonia ?
Chlorine ?
Nutrients X
pH X
Siltation X
Organic enrichment/DO X
Salinity/Road salts ?
Thermal modification ?
Flow alteration ?
Habitat alteration ?
Pathogens X
Radiation ?
Oil and Grease ?

Key:
X = Known water quality problems due to these pollutants have been identified.
? = Suspected problems may exist because of the pollutant, but no or very limited data exists.

Note:
Insufficient recent monitoring data exists to quantify the extent of these pollutant categories.

D. Estuarine and Ocean Water waters, however, are still regarded as sup-
Quality porting the propagation and maintenance
of healthy marine communities and do
1. Water Quality Conditions contain finfish available for commercial
and recreational use.
Ocean Waters
A sag in bottom dissolved oxygen levels is
Support of designated use and attainment of recorded offshore each year through the
national clean water goals for New Jersey monitoring efforts of USEPA. These oxygen
ocean waters are summarized on Tables III-7 levels reach their minimum values along
(State designated use and clean water goals the coast during late August and early
for ocean waters in New Jersey are the September, and are brought about by sedi-
same). Coastal Cooperative Monitoring Pro- ment oxygen demand and reduced reaera-
gram (CCMP) monitoring results from the tion within the water column. The most
early 1980's up to 1987 indicate that the New critical area is usually a contained cell off
Jersey coastal beaches from Sandy Hook of northern Ocean County. This hypoxia
south to Cape May are fully swimmable; was less severe in 1986 than in 1985 due to
however, some beaches are threatened by more frequent on-shore-winds and storm
occasional short-term elevations of bacte- events facilitating reaeration (USEPA
rial levels which have resulted in beach 1987b). Nevertheless, dissolved oxygen val-
closures for brief periods (NJDEP, 1986b, ues as low as 2.3 ppm were recorded off
1987a, 1988a). Most of the New Jersey ocean Monmouth County in 1986. (USEPA 1987b).
waters are fishable but are threatened -by
toxics and by pathogens. For purposes of Problems of additional concern in the ocean
assessing coastal waters the fishable goal is are the incidences of phytoplankton blooms
defined as the following: waters should be in coastal waters and wash-ups of floating
of sufficient quality to allow open shellfish garbage along bathing beaches. Phyto-
harvesting in accordance with States plankton productivity is considered high in
regulations, to allow for safe consumption the State's coastal waters, especially in the
of fish free from toxic or chemical tissue northern areas. It appears, however, that
contamination, and to support healthy and phytoplankton blooms may be on the in-
propagating indigenous and introduced fish crease in southern New Jersey as well. In
populations. Of the 439 square miles of 1986, the NJDEP, USEPA, and the National
coastal waters under the jurisdiction of the Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's
State's shellfish water sanitation program; National Marine Fisheries Service convened
approximately 28 percent are condemned to an interagency committee to investigate the
shellfishing due to excessive levels of casual factors related to the occurrence of
indicator bacteria in the water or the these blooms along the coast. Although a
presence of point pollution sources. In "green tide event" did not occur during the
addition, the NJDEP has found high levels of year of the investegation (1986), significant
PCB's and certain pesticides (primarily progress was made in understanding the
chlordane) in finfish from New York-New conditions that led to near-shore algal
Jersey interstate waters. As a result, recre- blooms (USEPA, 1987a).
ational fishing advisories have been issued
by the State for striped bass and bluefish New Jersey ocean beaches are also aestheti-
taken in offshore waters from Barnegat cally threatened with the occasional wash-
Inlet northward (NJDEP 1986b). Hence, this up of floating garbage which was highly
portion of the New Jersey ocean waters out publicized in the summer of 1987, and re-
to 3 miles are regarded as partially fishable. suited in discretionary beach closing from
Ocean waters tabled in this report as par- Point Pleasant through Long Beach Island
tially fishable are waters condemned to in Ocean County (NJDEP 1988a). See section
shellfish harvesting by the NJDEP and, or G of this chapter, The Condition of New Jer-
have fishing advisories in effect. These sey's Ocean Waters - A Special State Concern,
for more discussion on this issue.

111-21

Estuarine Waters The New Jersey New York interstate waters
including the Arthur Kill, Kill Van Kull,
Support of designated uses and the attain- Hudson River, Newark Bay and tidal Hack-
ment of Clean Water Act goals for New Jer- ensack River failed to meet designated uses
sey's bays and estuaries are summarized in or attain clean water goals due to extremely
Table 111-7. Of the approximate 600 square high levels of fecal coliform bacteria and
miles assessed by monitoring agencies, 477 severely depressed summertime dissolved
square miles are judged to be fully sup- oxygen concentrations. Additionally, the
porting designated use (most of this mileage NJDEP has found high levels of PCBs and
is in Delaware Bay), 72 square miles are certain pesticides (primarily chlordane) in
judged to be partially supporting, while 18 finfish from these interstate waters. As a
square miles are regarded as not supporting result, commercial fishing bans and recre-
designated uses (all in New York-New Jersey ational fishing advisories have been issued
interstate waters). by the State for these waters. Extensive
sampling has turned up wide spread dioxin
With respect to Clean Water Act goals; more contamination in certain fish and shell-
than half the area assessed meet the goals, fishing species in both the tidal Passaic
54 square miles fail to meet goals, and some River and New York Bight Apex waters.
18 square miles are judged to be areas where Because tissue concentrations of dioxin
goals are not attainable. The areas of non- above the US Food and Drug Administra-
attainment are limited to the New Jersey- tion's "level of concern" were identified
New York interstate waters. Some 18 square (NJDEP, 1985c), the State of New Jersey has
miles of New Jersey estuary were assessed to ordered a prohibition on the sale and
be partially fishable because, although they consumption of all fish and shellfish taken
are condemned for shellfish harvesting, from the tidal Passaic River. The ban has
these waters do support the taking of fin- been extended to include striped bass and
fish for commercial and recreational pur- blue crabs from Newark Bay, tidal
poses and are assessed as supporting the Hackensack River, Arthur Kill, and Kill Van
propagation and maintenance of relatively Kull. Fish species and waters included in
healthy estuarine fish communities. these bans and advisories are shown in
Figures III-1, and 111-2.
As stated above, a large portion of the total
waters meeting clean water goals and des- Phytoplankton blooms are a conspicuous
ignated uses are in Delaware Bay. The feature in Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays and
Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) also in Barnegat Bay (in 1985 and 1986). In
(1988) reports the 360 square miles of the a region remote from routine phytoplank-
Delaware Bay under New Jersey jurisdiction ton monitoring, a bloom was observed in
to be of good water quality based upon mon- July of 1986 along the shore of Delaware Bay
itored data of 1986 and 1987. The Commis- (NJDEP, 1987b). In 1987, phytoflagellate and
sion states that fecal coliform readings indi- chlorophyte blooms were minimal. How-
cate excellent sanitary quality in the bay. ever, diatoms did produce heavy blooms
The New Jersey Coastal Cooperative Moni- both early and late in the summer season
toring Program survey of 1987, however, resulting in brown water discoloration in
did indicate that some New Jersey bathing Sandy Hook Bay and the Monmouth County
beaches along the Bay were threatened coastal waters (NJDEP, 1988c).
from occasional elevated bacterial levels
which resulted in short term beach closures 2. Causes of Water Quality Degradation
(NJDEP, 1988a). Although minimum dis-
solved oxygen levels were violated occason- Ocean Waters
ally during the 1986 and 1987 summer sea-
sons, the average dissolved oxygen level for Because of the complexity of the coastal
the Bay remained consistently above 6.0 ocean system, the great variety of factors
mg/l (DRBC, 1988).

111-22

that appear to influence ocean water qual- ters still being discharged to these waters.
ity, and the limited ocean monitoring; cause In New York City alone, over two billion
and effect relationships between water gallons per day is discharged, with ten per-
quality and pollution source are difficult to cent being raw sewage (NJDEP, 1985b).
identify. In addition, determination of Twice this amount may be discharged dur-
trends are generally limited to coliform data ing storm events by combined sewage out-
from shellfish harvesting areas and from falls. In a use attainability study, NJDEP,
bathing beaches. The principal source for (1985b) determined that even with the pro-
elevated bacterial levels affecting coastal jected improvements in sewage treatment
bathing beach closures is stormwater dis- from New York and New Jersey facilities,
charge along the coast as suggested by CCMP pollution from nonpoint sources and com-
data (NJDEP, 1988a). This conclusion is bined sewer outflows, together with high
based upon comparison of bacterial levels benthic oxygen demands will continue to
recorded during both dry periods and after severely stress these waters.
rain events. The regionalization of sewage
treatment along the New Jerse.y coast has Bacterial contamination in estuarine waters
improved bay and estuary water quality, yet monitored by the CCMP, specifically the At-
is also responsible for greater and greater lantic Coastal Basin and some Delaware Bay
amounts of nutrients and oxygen-demand- estuaries, are closely tied with stormwater
ing materials being discharged to open discharges (NJDEP, 1988a). In bay areas
ocean waters. There is concern that these with low flushing rates, the stormwater ef-
sources, in concert with tributary inputs, fect can be severe and of longer duration
the disposal of dredged materials, and the than in areas where current circulation
outflow from the Hudson/Raritan estuary, would support the dispersion of stormwater
are all contributing to the gradual enrich- and its bacterial loading. This stormwater
ment of our coastal waters, leading perhaps effect on the fecal coliform concentrations
to more extensive benthic anoxia in the in the bays is often confounded by the bac-
summer, and to phytoplankton blooms of terial loading from the illegal discharge of
ever increasing intensity and frequency. marine sanitation devices on boats, the
presence of large wildlife populations, and
The sources of floating garbage washing up the resuspension of sediments by boat-cre-
on New Jersey beaches in 1987 is, at present, ated turbulence (NJDEP, 1988a). Hence for
still largely unresolved. During one event bay CCMP stations which exceeded sanitary
in the summer of 1987 when a mixture of standards, the specific cause of the in-
medical wastes, wood, and glass washed up creased fecal coliform concentrations could
on New Jersey beaches, an investigation not be determined. The Bureau of Marine
determined that the principal cause of the Water Classification and Analysis concurs
release of the material into the ocean was that stormwater serves as a significant
due to flaws in the procedures followed by source of bacterial contamination, and that
New York City in its handling and transfer natural sources such as waterfowl popula-
of solid waste in the harbor area (NJDEP, tions often are significant additional con-
1988a). tributors to the overall problem. The Bu-
reau, as well as other agencies, add that ad-
Tables 111-8 and III-9 indicate which pollu- ditional bacterial contamination is sus-
tants and pollution source categories impact pected to be coming from tributary inputs to
ocean waters. the bays. These tributary inputs carry ad-
ditional runoff and septic tank leachate
Estuarine Waters from sources upstream.

The severely degraded water quality occur- Tables III-10 and III-11 show which pollu-
ring in the New Jersey-New York interstate tants and pollution source categories have
waters as well as in the tidal Delaware River an impact on estuarine water quality in the
near Philadelphia is due to the large amount State.
of untreated and primary treated wastewa-

111-23

Figure III- 1
\New York
CLOSED FISHING AREA
DUE TO PCBs IN FISH TISSUE

CLOSED AREA

Sale of STRIPED BASS and
AMERICAN EEL taken
from these waterways
is prohibited.

New Jersey
�F i e~ ~ Closed area includes the
following waterways and
tributaries:

Hudson River
is~ -! ) Upper New York Bay
Island / Newark Bay
Tidal Passaic River
Tidal Hackensack River
Arthur Kill
Kill Van Kull

Taken from: NJDEP, 1985 c.

111-24

New York
Figure IIt 2

t2~ / FISHING ADVISORY AREA
DUE TO PCBs IN FISH TISSUE

ADVISORY AREA

New Jersey ; Advisory in effect to
limit consumption of
44Sta.. STRIPED BASS, BLUEFISH,
'.'~/Island //WHITE PERCH, WHITE CATFISH,
and AMERICAN EEL.

;////// Advisory area includes the
following waterways and
tributaries:
t //////////// Hudson River
</// ;/ / NUpper New York Bay
Newark Bay
/////////,/ Tidal Passaic River
Tidal Hackensack River
Arthur Kil
Kill Van Kull
Tidal Raritan River
Raritan Bay
I///;// // ~ Sandy Hook Bay
Lower New York Bay

z7 /////STRIPED BASS and BLUEFISH advisory
'~. ~ ~includes Offshore Waters for
Northern Coastal Area.

AMERICAN EEL advisory includes
all waterways statewride.

Taken from: NJDEP, 1985 c.

111-25

TABLE III-7 DESIGNATED USE SUPPORT AND DEGREE OF ATTAINMENT OF CLEAN WATER ACT
GOALS IN STATE ESTUARINE AND OCEAN WATERS AS MEASURED IN SQUARE MILES.

ESTUARY: Designated Use Support

Miles Miles Miles
Evaluated Monitored Total

FULLY 117 117
THREATENED 360 360

PARTIALLY SUPPORTING 72 7 2
NOT SUPPORTING 18 1 8

ESTUARY: Clean Water Act (CWA) Goals

GOAL ATTAINMENT FISHABLE SWIMMABLE

Miles Meeting 477- 360
Miles Not Meeting 54 54
Miles Not Attainable 18 1 8
Miles Partially Meeting 1 8

OCEAN: Designated Use Support

Miles Miles Miles
Evaluated Monitored Total

FULLY 318 318
THREATENED

PARTIALLY SUPPORTING 121 121
NOT SUPPORTING

OCEAN: Clean Water Act (CWA) Goals

GOAL ATTAINMENT FISHABLE SWIMMABLE

Miles Meeting 318 122
(linear miles of coastline)
Miles Not Meeting
Miles Not Attainable
Miles Partially Meeting 121

NOTE: Figures represent square miles.

111-26

TABLE III-8 SUMMARY OF POLLUTANTS FOUND IN NEW JERSEY'S OCEAN WATERS 1 (SQUARE MILES)

Major/Statewide Moderate/Localized/Minor
Impacts Impacts
Pollutant Categories Monitored Suspected Monitored Suspected

Unknown toxicity ?
Pesticides
Priority Organics 150
Nonpriority Organics
Metals
Ammonia
Chlorine
Nutrients 270
pH
Siltation
Organics Enrichment/DO 270
Salinity/Road salts
Thermal modification
Flow alteration
Habitat alterations
Pathogens
Radiation
Oil and Grease

&Key: ? = Impact is suspected; a lack of monitoring data exists to substantiate the conclusion.

Footnote: 1 = Covers waters out to 3 miles.

TABLE III-9 SUMMARY OF THE SEVERITY OF POLLUTANT SOURCES IMPACTING NEW JERSEY'S OCEAN WATERS1 (SQUARE MILES)

Major/Statewide Moderate/Localized/Minor
Source Categories Impacts (Suspected) Impact (Suspected)

Point Sources
Industrial ?
Municipal 270
Combined sewer outfalls 120
Stormwater outfalls

Nonpoint Sources
Agriculture 120
Silviculture
Construction
Urban Runoff 120
Resource Extraction
Land disposal
Hydrologic/habitat modifications

Key: ? = Impact is suspected; a lack of monitoring data exists to substantiate the conclusion.
Footnote: 1 = Covers waters out to the 3 mile limit.

TABLE III-10 SUMMARY OF POLLUTANTS FOUND IN NEW JERSEY'S ESTUARIES (SQUARE MILES)

Major/Statewide Moderate/Localized/Minor
Impacts Impacts
Pollutant Categories Monitored Suspected Monitored Suspected

Unknown toxicity ?
Pesticides 7 0
Priority Organics 7 0
Nonpriority Organics ?
Metals ?
Ammonia
Chlorine
Nutrients 70 ?
pH
Siltation 140
Organic Enrichment/DO ?
Salinity/Road salts
Thermal modification
Flow alteration
Habitat alterations
Pathogens 142
Radiation
Oil and Grease ?

Key: ? = Impact is suspected; a lack of monitoring data exists to substantitae the conclusion

TABLE III-11 SUMMARY OF THE SEVERITY OF POLLUTANT SOURCES IMPACTING NEW JERSEY'S ESTUARIES (SQUARE MILES)

Major/Statewide Moderate/Localized/Minor
Source Categories Impacts (Suspected) Impact (Suspected)

Point Sources
Industrial ?
Municipal 140
Combined sewer outfalls
Stormwater outfalls 140

Nonpoint Sources
Agriculture 70
Silviculture
Construction 140
Urban Runoff 140
Resource Extraction
Land disposal ?
Xc Hydrologic/habitat modifications
0

K~y; ? = Insufficient information exists to quantify the extent of these suspected pollutant source categories.

E. Nonpoint Source Assessment gions where sources and impacts are either
absent or minimal are limited to the north-
This statewide nonpoint source evaluation west corer of Sussex County in the Flat-
was performed in cooperation with county brook watershed, and to the Pinelands re-
planning departments, the State's soil con- gion surrounding and including State
servation districts, the N.J. Division of Fish, forestlands. Other common nonpoint pollu-
Game and Wildlife, and the N.J. Division of tion sources reported were septic systems
Water Resources' Bureau of Marine Water (land disposal) and construction sites; con-
Classification and Analysis. Nonpoint source tributing bacteria/nutrients and sediment
questionnaires were completed by these loads respectively to receiving waters. The
agencies and their results compiled by the most common pollutant categories encoun-
DWR's Bureau of Water Quality Planning. tered in the evaluations were sediment
These evaluations reflect the best profes- loading, nutrient loading, and bacterial
sional judgment of the assessor and are not contamination Table 111-12 represents a
thought to be based upon actual monitored preliminary listing of waterways in New
data. Detailed watershed by watershed as- Jersey that are suspected of being impacted
sessments are presented in Chapter III, Sec- by nonpoint sources. There is insufficient
tion I: Water Oualitv Conditions In New Jer- information at this time to determine the
actual effects of these sources on designated
within this report. In reporting, these stream uses, and the relative contribution
agencies focused upon pollution sources; the sources make to total pollutant loadings.
and as a result, pollution cause categories If a pollution source is listed, then the DEP
(types of pollutants) were not reported in suspects that additional actions are needed
perhaps forty percent of the question- to control the source. The pollutants
naires. If cause categories were not pro- (pollution cause categories) are also sus-
vided in the evaluations, pollution cate- pected.
gories based upon what would have been
suspected from the pollution sources listed The deposition of air pollutants through
in the evaluations would be added to the
rain has been reported to us by the Depart-
table. For example, if a stream has con- ment's Division of Environmental Quality as
struction activity reported to us by a local averging 16.2 pounds of nitrate (from ni-
planning department as a local nonpoint trogen oxides) per acre per year as deter-
pollution source, siltation would be the sus- mined through the Division's acid rain
pected category based upon our experience, monitoring network (personal communica-
and we would report it as such. All pollution tion). The over all significance of this pol-
source and cause categories are regarded as lution source is as yet unclear because of a
suspected and preliminary because they are lack of data and is presently under study.
not derived from monitored data.
Nonpoint contributions to lake tributaries
Summary of Nonpoint Source Pollution will ultimately impact the downstream
lakes. Because lakes behave as sinks trap-
in New Jersey ping sediments, nutrients, as well as water-
borne chemicals; incoming sediments, tox-
Nonpoint source pollution is a ubiquitous ins, etc. gradually build up in lake bottoms.
problem throughout much of the State. At the same time excessive nutrient inputs
Runoff from agriculture, roads, and ur- accelerate primary productivity, which in
ban/suburban surfaces is the most com- turn increases biomass and therefore, the
monly reported nonpoint pollution source. process of lake eutrophication (aging). As
The severity of the problem both in terms of with rivers and streams, the degree of im-
the quantity of the pollutants as well as pact upon a lake is directly proportional to
their degree of impact upon the receiving the degree of urban/suburban development
waters appears to be directly proportional to or the intensity of agricultural activity
the regional population density and/or the within the watershed. However, our non-
intensity of local agricultural activity. Re- point source evaluations have shown that

111-31

even lakes lying in undeveloped watersheds
can be impacted by pollution associated with
recreation. For example, lakes located in
the relatively pristine watersheds in the
extreme northwest corner of New Jersey are
suffering degradation from septic system
leachate associated with local summer
homes.

Evaluations of the State's estuaries and
nearshore ocean waters indicate that high
population densities impact coastal waters
in much the same way as they impact
freshwater streams and lakes. The growing
population along the State's coastal regions
are adding ever increasing nonpoint source
pollution to these waters. Shellfish har-
vesting and coastal recreation (swimming,
etc.), both important resources in this State,
are severely threatened by this pollution.
Stormwater runoff has been sited often as a
principal source of pollution threatening
bathing beaches and some shellfish beds.
Additional threats to shellfishing come from
the bacterial loads which many coastal wa-
tersheds receive from agriculture, septic
systems, urban/suburban runoff, as well as
from the vast waterfowl populations which
inhabit coastal waters.

The State of New Jersey recognizes the
need for an' effective nonpoint source con-
trol strategy, and is working toward the
Water Quality Act of 1987 mandate con-
cerning the development of a Statewide
nonpoint source management program. For
a detailed discussion of the State control
program see Chapter V.B. Nonnoint Source
Control Proeram.

111-32

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION

Rivers and streams that without additional action to control nonpoint sources of pollution, cannot be
expected to attain or maintain standards. Categories of nonpoint sources which add significant
pollution to the listed waterbodies are provided. Pollution sources are limited to those reported to
us as having a moderate to severe impact upon the receiving waterway. Pollution categories listed
are most often suspected and preliminary and are not based upon monitored data.

Rivers underlined denote names of major watersheds (listed alphabetically). Rivers not underlined
are tributaries within the major watershed listed immediately above.

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE

Assicunk Creek Sedimentation, Nutrients Agricultural Runoff, Construction,
Urban Runoff

Assunoink Creek Sedimentation, Nutrients Construction, Urban Runoff

Big Timber Creek Sedimentation, Nutrients, Agriculture, Construction,
Woodbury Creek Pathogens, Toxics(?), Oils Urban Runoff, Surface Mining,
and Grease Landfills, Septic Systems,
Waste Storage Tanks, Road Runoff

Cooper River Sedimentation, Nutrients, Agricultural Runoff, Construction,
Pathogens, Oils and Grease Urban Runoff, Mining Activities,
Landfills

Crosswicks Creek Nutrients, Sedimentation, Agricultural Runoff, Construction,
Amonia, Pathogens, Pesticides, Septic Systems, Urban Runoff
Herbicides, Chlorides

North Run Nutrients, Oil and Grease Agricultural Runoff, Road Runoff

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
(Continued)

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Crosswicks Creek (Continued)

Doctors Creek Nutrients, Herbicides, Pesticides, Agricultural Runoff, Construction,
Siltation Urban Runoff

Elizabeth River Nutrients, Pathogens, Oils and Grease, Urban Runoff, Channelization
Flooding, Loss of Habitat,
Organics, Chlorides

Great Eee Harbor River
(Lower) Pathogens, Nutrients Storm Sewers,
Septic Systems

Maple Run Siltation, Habitat Loss Surface Runoff, Construction,
Channelization

Hackensack River Siltation, Nutrients, Toxics (?), Construction, Urban Runoff,
Flooding, Habitat Destruction, Landfills, Spills, Inplace
Pathogens Contaminants, Flow Regulation

Manasauan River Nutrients, Pathogens, Agriculture (pastureland, animal
Siltation, holdings),
Volatile Organics, Hazardous Waste Site,
Chlorides Road Runoff

Erosion, Siltation, Dam Construction, Flow Regulation,
Loss of Habitat Streambank Modification

Marsh Bog Brook Siltation, Nutrients, Agricultural Runoff,
Pathogens (?) Landfills

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
(Continued)

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE

Mantua Creek Sedimentation, Nutrients, Road Runoff, Agricultural Runoff,
Pathogens, Oils and Grease Septic Systems, Urban Storm Sewers,
Surface Mining

Maurice River Sedimentation, Nutrients, Agricultural Runoff, Construction,
Pathogens, Oils and Grease Road Runoff, Landfills,
Urban Runoff via storm sewers,
Nacote Creek Sedimentation, Oils and Grease Road Runoff, Construction
Matrix Run

Metedeconk River Pathogens, Turbidity Septic Systems, Urban Surface Runoff

Muddy Ford Brook Volatile Organics, Oils/Grease Landfill

Millstone River Nutrients, Sedimentation, Agricultural Runoff, Urban Runoff,
Pesticides, Pathogens, Septic Systems, Landfills,
Toxics Spills, Construction

Mullica River Sedimentation, Nutrients Agricultural Runoff, Landfills,
Construction, Surface Mining

Wading River Hazardous Waste Site

Musconetcon2 River Siltation, Nutrients, Pathogens, Construction, Agriculture,
Oils and Grease Road Runoff, Urban Runoff,
Septic Systems

Mine Brook Sedimentation, Chlorides, Construction, Road Runoff,
Habitate Destruction Channelization

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
(Continued)

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE

Navesink River Nutrients, Pathogens, Pesticides, Agricultural Runoff, Urban Runoff,
Sedimentation Septic Systems

Swimming River Siltation, Nutrients, Pathogens, Agriculture, Construction,
Oils and Grease Urban Runoff

North Branch Raritan River Sediment, Nutrients, Pathogens Agricultural Runoff, Construction,
Urban Runoff

Lamington River Sediment, Nutrients, Agricultural Runoff, Construction, Urban
Pathogens Runoff, Septic Systems

Rockaway Creek Sedimentation Surface Mining

Oldmans Creek Sedimentation, Nutrients, Agricultural Runoff, Construction,
Pathogens, Oils and Grease Urban Surface Runoff, Septic Systems

Oyster Creek Pathogens, Oils/Grease Urban Surface Runoff

Passaic River Siltation, Nutrients, Habitat Construction, Urban Runoff,
Destruction, Elevated Stream Flow Regulation, Spills, Inplace
Temperatures, Toxics, Pathogens Contaminants, Waste Storage
Leaks, Septic Systems

Green Brook Siltation, Habitat Destruction, Silviculture, Channelization
Toney's Brook Stream Bank Modification

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
(Continued)

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE

Passaic River (Continued)

Second River Nutrients, Toxics, Oils/Grease, Urban Runoff
Pathogens

Mill Creek Oils and Grease Urban Runoff

Notch Brook Siltation, Pathogens, Nutrients, Construction, Urban Runoff
Chlorides, Oils and Grease

Peckman River Siltation, Nutrients, Pathogens, Construction, Urban Runoff,
Oils/Grease, Chlorides, Silviculture, Road Runoff,
to Habitat Destruction, Stream Bank Modification
"4
Pathogens

Foulertons Brook Siltation, Nutrients, Pathogens, Urban Runoff, Channelization
Canoe Brook Oils/Grease, Chloride

Primrose Brook Siltation, Habitat Destruction Construction, Road Runoff, Flow Regulation

Paulins Kill Chlorides Landfill, Road Runoff

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
(Continued)

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Peauannock River Siltation, Nutrients, Organics, Construction, Urban Runoff,
Habitat Destruction, Oils/Grease, Surface Mining, Road Runoff,
Pathogens Channelization, Stream Bank
Modification

Kikeout Brook Habitat Destruction, Siltation Construction

Pequest River Chlorides, Flooding, Road Runoff, Construction,
Habitat Destruction (within Channelization
Channelized reach)

~- ~ Pohatconu Creek Oils and Grease Urban Runoff
co
Pomnton River Siltation, Nutrients, Construction, Urban Runoff,
Warming of Stream Temperatures, Surface Mining, Flow Regulation,
Flooding Dredging

Sheffield Brook Erosion, Turbidity,
Destabilization of Stream Hazardous Waste Site,
Channel Channelization

Masonicus Brook Siltation, Toxics (?) Urban Runoff, Construction

Raccoon Creek Sedimentation, Nutrients, Road Runoff, Agricultural Runoff,
Pathogens, Oils and Grease Septic Systems

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
(Continued)

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE

Rahwav River Sediment, Nutrients, Construction, Urban Runoff,
Pathogens, Oil and Grease, Landfills, Channelization
Elevated Stream Temperature,
Flooding, Loss of Habitat,
Chlorides

Ramapo River Siltation, Warming of Stream Construction, Urban Storm
Temperatures Sewers
Loss of Habitat for Biota Channelization, Dredging

Rancocas Creek Sedimentation, Nutrients, Landfill, Construction, Agricultural
Pathogens, Habitat Destruction Runoff, Urban Runoff, Septic Systems
c&o
(D
Raritan River Sedimentation, Nutrients Urban Runoff, Construction, Landfills

Rockawav River Siltation, Nutrients, Pathogens, Construction, Urban Runoff, Flow
Warming of Stream Temperature, Regulation, Streambank Modification
Habitat Destruction

Jackson Brook Siltation, Pathogens, Nutrients Construction, Urban Runoff, Spills
Beaver Brook

Den Brook Siltation, Nutrients, Habitat Construction
Destruction

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
(Continued)

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE

Salem River Sedimentation, Nutrients, Agricultural Runoff, Construction,
Pathogens, Oils and Grease Road Runoff, Septic Systems

Swedes Run Oils and Grease Road Runoff

Shark River Siltation, Nutrients, pH Depression, Urban Runoff, Landfill,
Chlorides Construction, Waste Storage leaks
Shrewsburv River Pathogens, Sedimentation, Horse Race Track (agricultural),
Nutrients, Oils and Grease, Construction, Urban Runoff,
Elevated Stream Temperatures Agricultural Runoff, Septic Systems,
Hazardous Waste Site

South Branch Raritan Sedimentation, Nutrients, Spills, Agriculture,
Pathogens Septic Systems

Mulhockaway Creek Siltation Construction

Neshanic River Pathogens, Nutrients, Pasturelands Feedlots, Septic Systems,
Siltation Construction, Storm Sewers,
Sludge disposal

South River Nutrients, Sedimentation Construction, Urban Runoff,
Streambank Destabilization

Manalapan Brook Siltation, pH Depression, Agricultural, Runoff, Construction,
Matchaponix Brook Nutrients, Pathogens Urban Runoff, Septic Systems

TABLE III-12a. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
(Continued)

STREAM/RIVER POLLUTION CAUSE CATEGORIES (POLLUTANTS) POLLUTION SOURCE
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Toms River Siltation, Agriculture (crop production),
Pathogens, Nutrients, Septic Systems, Urban Surface Runoff,
Siltation, pH Depression Construction

Manapaqua Brook High Ammonia, Nutrients, Urban Surface Runoff,
Turbidity, Pathogens Septic Systems

Wallkill River Sedimentation, Nutrients, Construction, Urban Runoff,
Pathogens Agricultural Runoff

Clove Brook Nutrients, Pathogens Agricultural Runoff
Papakating Creek
4-b
Wanaque River Siltation, Warming of Stream Urban Runoff, Road Runoff
Temperatures

Belcher Creek Siltation, Oils and Grease Construction, Urban Runoff

WhipDanv River Siltation, Nutrients, Pathogens, Construction, Urban Runoff,
Oils and Grease Spills, Inplace Contaminants

TABLE III-12b. Lakes, listed by watershed, which are evaluated as being significantly
impacted by nonpoint and point source pollution. Specific pollution problems, categories, and their
sources are listed. Question marks following pollution categories denote suspected categories
based upon pollution sources supplied to us. Lake evaluations are based upon the best
professional judgement of the agencies reporting and are not based upon monitoried data.
Watersheds are listed alphabetically.

POLLUTION PROBLEM OR POLLUTION
WATERSHED LAKE CATEGORIES (SUSPECTED) SOURCES

Assunpink Lake Assunpink Nutrients Agriculture, Suburban Runoff
Stone Tavern Lake
Rising Sun Lake
Mercer Lake

Doctors Creek Imlaystown Lake Siltation (severe) Agriculture (crop production)
Allentown Lake

Flatbrook Kittatinny Lake Eutrophication Construction, Suburban Surface
Runoff, Septic System (Summer
homes being converted to
year-round homes)

Great Egg Harbor
River Collings Lake Eutrophication (?) Septic Sys., Road Runoff

Lake Lenape Eutrophication (?) Agriculture (crop production),
Siltation (?) Road Runoff

Patcong Lake Siltation Construction, Suburban Runoff

Atlantic City Possible Contamination of Hazardous Waste
Reservoir Drinking Supply

TABLE III-12b (Continued).

POLLUTION PROBLEM OR POLLUTION
WATERSHED LAKE CATEGORIES (SUSPECTED) SOURCES
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manasquan River Mac's Pond Eutrophication, Elevated Natural (birds), Road Runoff,
Bacterial Levels Inplace Contaminants

Stockton Pond Eutrophication Urban Runoff, Inplace Contaminants,
Natural (birds)

Maurice River Palatine Lake Eutrophication (?) Septic Sys.
Union Lake

Clartis Mill Pond Siltation (?) Point Sources: Industrial and
Mill Pond Municipal STP.
Nonpoint Sources: Urban Runoff,
i< Landfills, Hazardous Waste Sites,
co
Dam Construction

Mid-Atlantic Coastal Tuckerton Lake Beach Closings Urban Runoff, Natural (birds,
Region severe)

Millstone River Etra Lake Siltation Agriculture (severe crop
Peddle Lake production runoff)

Mullica River Hammington Lake Eutrophication Urban/Suburban Runoff, Severe
STP Input.

TABLE III-12b (Continued).

Lake Hopatcong Eutrophication Construction, Storm Sewers,
Septic Sys., Fuel Spills and
Leaks

Navesink River Swimming River Siltation, Elevated Construction, Urban Storm
Reservoir Bacteria, Organics Sewers
Shadow Lake
Poricy Pond

Passaic River Verona Lake Sediment Bars, Construction, Urban Runoff,
Fishery Impairment Dredging, Flow Regulation,
Removal of Riparian Vegetation

Paulins Kill Paulinskill Lake Some Eutrophication
Culvers Lake Eutrophication Construction, Suburban Surface
Lake Owassa Runoff, Septic System (Summer
homes being converted to
year-round homes)

Pennsauken River Strawbridge Lake Fish and Duck Kills Urban Runoff (Waterway passes
through highly developed . ..
residential office complexes
and regions of light
industry)

Memorial Lake Siltation Urban Runoff

Rockaway River Dixons Pond Fishery Impairment Urban Runoff (storm sewers)
Kohlers Pond

TABLE III-12b (Continued).

POLLUTION PROBLEM OR POLLUTION
WATERSHED LAKE CATEGORIES (SUSPECTED) SOURCES
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Toms River Bennets Pond Oil and Grease, Siltation Urban Runoff, Construction
Twilight Lake Siltation, Beach Closings Urban Runoff, Natural (birds)
Pine Lake Beach Closings Point Sources: Municipal STP
Nonpoint Sources: Urban Runoff
(severe)
Manahawkin Lake Beach Closings Urban Runoff, Natural (severe
Ocean Acres Lake problem with birds)

Whippany River Speedwell Lake Siltation (?) Construction (severe),
Black Meadows Urban Runoff (storm sewers)
Troy Meadows

TABLE III-12c. PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION:
Estuaries, Bays, Coastal Waters.

Bays, estuaries, and coastal waters suspected of being degraded or threatened by nonpoint source pollution. Pollution source
categories and cause categories are as described in Table III-12a.
.................................................................................................................................
WATER BODY POLLUTION PROBLEM OR POLLUTION SOURCE
(Bay, Estuary, Coast) CATEGORIES (Suspected)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Raritan Bay Pathogens, Eutrophication, pH Depression, Suburban Runoff, Natural: Acid Runoff,
Landfill Leachate, Petroleum Contamination, Landfill Leachate, Inplace Contaminants,
Benzene and Other Volatiles, PCB's Hazardous Waste Site Leachate.

Sandy Hook Bay Pathogens, Nutrients, Toxic Leachate, Construction, Suburban Runoff,
Siltation; Oil and Grease Septic Tanks, Landfills.

Navesink River Pathogens, Nutrients, Siltation, Oils Agricultural Runoff: Crop and Animal
Shrewsbury River and Grease (stored horse manure), Construction,
Suburban Runoff, Septic Tanks, Natural
(Waterfowl).

Shark River Pathogens, Siltation, Nutrients Agricultural (crop and animal holding),
Construiction, Suburban Runoff, Landfill,
Natural (Waterfowl).

Manasquan River Pathogens, Siltation, Nutrients Agricultural Runoff (cropland and
Metedeconk River animal holding), Suburban Runoff,
Natural (Waterfowl).
Barnegat Bay: including
Kettle Creek Pathogens, Siltation, Nutrients, Construction, Septic Systems, Suburban
Toms River, Oils and Grease Runoff, Landfill Leachate, Natural
South to Tuckerton Creek (Waterfowl). (Forked River and Oyster Creek:
Channelization, Spills, Inplace
Contaminants).

TABLE III-12c (continued). PRELIMINARY LIST OF WATERWAYS SUSPECTED OF BEING IMPACTED BY NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION:
Estuaries, Bays, Coastal Waters.
.................................................................................................................................
WATER BODY POLLUTION PROBLEM OR POLLUTION SOURCE
(Bay, Estuary, Coast) CATEGORIES (Suspected)

Great Bay Pathogens, Oil and Grease, Construction, Suburban Runoff, Natural
Nutrients, Siltation (Waterfowl).

Brigantine Pathogens, Oils and Grease, Nutrients Suburban Surface Runoff, Septic Systems,
Reeds Bay Boat Docking Facilities, Natural
Absecon Bay (Waterfowl).

Lakes Bay Pathogens, Nutrients Suburban Runoff, Marinas

Great Egg Harbor Pathogens, Nutrients Septic Systems, Natural (Waterfowl)
4
Cape May:
Atlantic Estuaries Pathogens Suburban Surface Runoff, Marinas

Cape May:
Delaware Bay Estuaries Pathogens, Nutrients Septic Systems, Natural (Waterfowl)

Delaware Bay Estuaries: Pathogens Septic Systems, Natural (Waterfowl).
(West Creek, Maurice
River, Dividing Creek
to Cohansey River)

Atlantic Ocean:
Chelsea Beach Pathogens Natural (Birds on Pier).
(near Shark River)

Atlantic Ocean:
All other beaches Pathogens Storm Sewers fed by Suburban Runoff.

F. Waters Impacted by Toxics The table specifies those waters which are
From Point Sources believed to be "Swimmable Impaired",
"Fishable Impaired" (finfish or shellfish),
The Clean Water Act (CWA) provides broad meeting the use goals, or which have not
statutory authority which mandates that yet been evaluated in this regard. The
programs be implemented to control the table also indicates whether the waters are
discharge of pollutants to surface waters. impacted by point or nonpoint sources of
Under sections of the Act, the States and pollution. Streams, lakes and
USEPA are required to develop and im- impoundments, estuaries, interstate wa-
plement both technology-based and water ters, as well as some specific wetlands are
quality-based controls of toxic pollutants included in the table. The determinations
(specifically EPA's list of 126 priority of point source and nonpoint source im-
pollutants), as well as conventional (and pacts are predominantly based on 1) the
what USEPA has designated as noncon- presence of point sources and 2) the re-
ventional) pollutants. sults of questionnaires which were com-
pleted by local government bodies and
Section 304(1) of the CWA of 1987 requires agencies which participated in the Divi-
states to develop lists of impaired waters, to sion's survey (see Section II.E "Nonpoint
identify point sources and amounts of Source Assessment").
pollutants they discharge that cause toxic
impacts, and to develop individual control The basis and methodology for determin-
strategies for each such point source. ing whether a designated use is being met
These individual control strategies are de- is presented in Section 1 of this chapter, in
signed to ensure that applicable water the Introduction to the Water Quality
quality standards are achieved by no later Inventory. Waterbodies presented on the
than June 1992. The result of this effort is Short List and Mini-List were also included
to focus national surface water quality in the Long List.
protection programs immediately on ad-
dressing known water quality problems
caused either entirely or substantially by
point source discharges of toxic "priority
pollutants".

Pursuant to Section 304(1), the NJDEP's
Division Of Water Resources has generated
a list of impaired waters (the Long List),
and has developed two additional lists (the
"Short List" and the "Mini List") which are
subsets of the Long list.

1. Comprehensive (Long) List

The impaired waters of the State are iden-
tified in Table III-A, which is designed to
meet the requirements under Section
304(1)(A)(ii) of the Clean Water Act
Amendments of 1987. This is the compre-
hensive "Long List" of all known waters
impacted or potentially impacted by toxic,
conventional, and nonconventional pol-
lutants from point and nonpoint sources.

111-48

TABLE Il-A IMPAIRED WATERBODIES IN NEW JERSEY

This table identifies those waters of New Jersey which are believed to be impaired. The waterbodies may
or may not be impaired throughout their entire length; in many instances, insufficient information presently
exists to quantify the full extent of their impairment. The table also identifies those waterbodies receiving
point sources and/or nonpoint sources of pollution. Waterbodies are grouped by watershed. The notes at
the end of the table explain the codes used in the table.

The New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife performed the fishery evaluations which were used
in determining whether "fishable" (finfish) goals are being met. For estuarine waters, shellfish harvesting
classifications were also used. In determining whether "swimmable" goals are being met, the Division of
Water Resources examined bacteria levels in monitoring samples.

Key: 1. Lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands are indicated by an asterisk (*).

2. An "X" in the "Fishable" (finfish) or "Swimmable" column means that the goal
is not being fully met. For certain waters, a use may be met at specific locations,
but the waterway is not meeting the use throughout its length or at all times.
Waters with shellfish constraints are indicated by a double asterisk (**).

3. A dash (-) in the Fishable or Swimmable column means that there has been no
assessment of whether the goal is being met. An "M" in the Fishable or
Swimmable column means that the goal is being met.

4. An "X" in the "Point" or "Nonpoint" column means that it is believed that
that source is impacting the specified waterbody.

Fishable Swimmable Pollution Source
Waterbody Impaired Impaired Point Nonpoint

1. Wallkill River X X X X
-Papakating Creek X X X X
-Clove Brook X - - X
-Black Creek X X X
-Clove Lake* X - X

2. Flat Brook M M - X
-Little Flat Brook - - X

3. Paulins Kill M X X X
-Clovers Lake* - - X
-Paulins Kill Lake* X - X X
-Kittatiny Lake* - - X
-Lake Owasa* - - X

4. Pequest River M X X X

5. Pohatcong Creek M X X X
-Merrill Creek M - - X
-Lopatcong Creek M - X X

6. Musconetcong River M X X X
-Lake Hopatcong* M M - X
-Lake Musconetcong* M M - X

111-49

Fishable Swimmable Pollution Source
Waterbody Impaired Impaired Point Nonpoint

-Wills Brook X X X
-Mine Brook - - X
-Trout Brook M - X
-Lake Shawnee* M M X

7. Delaware River Tribs.
(Hunterdon County)
-Wickecheoke Creek X X X X
-Alexauken Creek M X X X
-Lockatong Creek M X X

8. Assunpink Creek X X X X
-Lake Assunpink* - - X
-Stone Tavern Lake* - - X
-Rising Sun Lake* - - X
-Mercer Lake* - - X

9. Crosswicks Creek - X X X
-Doctors Creek - - X
-Duck Creek X - X
-North Run X - X
-Back Creek - - X
-Imlaystown Lake* - - X
-Allentown Lake* - - X
-Assiscunk Creek - - X

10. Rancocas Creek M X X X
-North Branch - X X
-South Branch - X X
-Cranberry Branch M - X
-Powell Run - X
-Friendship Creek M - X
-Mason Creek M - X
-Mill Creek X - X

11. Pennsauken Creek - X X X
-North Branch M X X
-South Branch X X X X
-Strawbridge Lake* - X X X
-Memorial Lake* - - X

12. Cooper River X X X X

13. Big Timber Creek - X X X
-North Branch M X X X
-South Branch M X X X
-Woodbury Creek - X X
-Newton Creek - X
-Holly Run - X

111-50

Fishable Swimmable Pollution Source
W~terbody Impaired Impaired Point Nonpoint

14. Raccoon Creek M X X X
-South Branch X X
-Mantua Creek - x
-Chestnut Branch - x
-Edwards Run - X

15. Oldmans Creek M X - X

16. Salem River M X X X
-Swedes Run X X X

17. Cohansey River MX X xX

18. Maurice River M** M X X
-Mill Creek X -X
-Hudsons Branch X -xX
-Still Run - -X
-Muddy Run - x
-Blackwater Branch X -xX
-Clartis Mill Pond* - -X
-Mill Pond* - X

19. Great Egg Harbor River X** X X X
-Squank-um Branch - - X
-Four Mile Branch - - X
-Hospitality Branch - - X
-Atlantic City Reservoir* - -- X
-Babcock Creek X -xX
-Gravelly Run - - X
-Miry Run - - x
-Mill Branch - - X
-Maple Run - - X
-Patcong River - - X
-Coiling Lake* - - x
-Lake Lenape* - - X
-Paicong Lake* - - X

20. Mullica River M** M - X
-Hammonton Creek X X X X
-Sleeper Branch M M - X
-Gum Branch M M - X
-Albertsons Branch M M - X
-Landing Creek M M - X
-Indian Cabin Creek M M - X
-Union Creek M M - X
-Wading River M M - X
-Morses Mill Creek M M - X
-Matix Run M M - X
-Hamnmonton Lake* - x
-Nacote Creek - x

Fishable Swimmable Pollution Source
Waterbody Impaired Impaired Point Nonpoint

21. Toms River MX X xX
-Union Branch - - x
-Wrangle Brook - - X
-Pine Lake* - - X X
-Manapaqua. Brook - - -X
-Oyster Creek - - -X
-Metedeconk River - - -X
-Muddy Ford Brook - - -X
-Bennets Pond* - - -X
-Twilight Lake* - - -X

22. Manasquan River M** X X X
-Marsh Bog Brook M X X X
-North Branch Squankum Bk. - X xX
-DeBois Creek - - X X
-Mac's Pond* - - -X
-Stockton Pond* - - -X

23. Navesink River M** - -X
Shark River M** X -X
(Monmouth County
Coastal Drainage)
-Willow Brook -- X
-Shrewsbury River X*- X
-Waackaack Brook - - x
-Lake Lefferts* - - X
-Birch Swamp Brook - - X X
-Swimming River - - -X
-Swimming River Reservoir* - - X
-Poricy Pond* - - -X
-Shadow Lake* - - -X

24. South Branch
Raritan River M X X X
-Neshanic River M X X
-Bushkill Brook M - XX
-Spruce Run Creek M X X
-Mulhockaway Creek M X X
-Pleasant Run M -X
-Capoolong Creek --x x

25. North Branch
Raritan River M X X X
-Lamington River M X X
-Rockaway Creek M X X
-Mill Brook - -XX
-Mine Brook --X

111-52

Fishable Swimmable Pollution Source
Waterbody Impaired Impaired Point Nonpoint

26. Millstone River X X X X
-Stony Brook X X xX
-Bedens Brook -X - X
-Etra. Lake* - - X
-Cranbury Brook - - X
-Peddie, Lake* - - X
-Rocky Brook X -

27. South River M X X X
-Matchaponix Brook M X X X
-Manalapan Brook M X X X
-Edmunds Creek -X

28. Raritan River X X X X
-Peters Brook -X
-Lawrence Brook X-

29. Rahway River X X X X
Elizabeth River X X X X
-Morses Creek X. - XX

30. Upper Passaic River X X X X
(headwaters to Pompton River)
-Dead River - -XX
-Foulertons Brook X --X
-Green Brook ---x
-Toney's Brook ---X

31. Whippany River X X X X
-Speedwell Lake* ---x
-Black Meadows* ---X
-Troy Meadows* ---X

32. Rockaway River X X X X
-Beaver Brook X- - X
-Den Brook X - - X
-Dixons Pond* -- - X
-Jackson Brook -- - x
-Kohlers Pond* -- - X

33. Pequannock River X M - X
-Kikeout Brook X --X

34. Wanaque River X M -X
-Belcher Creek X - XX
-High Mountain Brook --X-

35. Ramapo River M X X X
Pompton River X X X X
-Sheffield Brook ---x
-Masonicus Brook X --X

Fishable Swimmable Pollution Source
Waterbody Impaired Impaired Point Nonpoint

36. Lower Passaic River X X X X
(Pompton River to Newark Bay)
-Saddle River X X X X
-Second River X - X X
-Deepavaal Brook X - X X
-Verona Lake* X - X
-Peckman River - - X X
-Singac River - - X
-Hohokus Brook - - X
-Ackermans Creek - - X X
-Notch Brook X - X
-Canoe Brook - X
-Primrose Brook --X

37. Hackensack River X X X X
-Overpeck Creek X X X X
-Berry's Creek - X XX
-Oradell Reservoir* - -XX
-Cresskill River X-

38. Tidal Estuarine Waters
-Monmouth County -' -XX
-Ocean County -X
-Atlantic County -X
-Cape May County -x -XX
-Cumberland County - ~ -X
-Atlantic Ocean x XX

39. Delaware River
-ZonelI M X X
-Zone 2 M M X X
-Zone 3 X X X X
-Zone 4 X X X X
-Zone 5 X M

40. New York-New Jersey X X X X
Interstate Sanitation
Commission Waters
(includes: Newark Bay,
Hudson River, Arthur
Kill, Kill Van Kull,
Raritan Bay, and Upper
New York Bay)

2. "Short List"
The "Short List" is a list of waters for which a state does not expect applicable water quality standards
(numeric or narrative) to be achieved after technology-based requirements have been met due entirely or
substantially to point source discharges of what USEPA has defined as the 126 "priority pollutants". The
following table is a list of reaches where impairment is suspected. These are not waters necessarily with
known problems.

TABLE III-B NJDEP PRELIMINARY SHORT LIST REACHES

REACH NUMBER REACH LENGTH (mi.) REACH NAME
02030103001 21.1 Hackensack River
02030104001 20.1 Upper New York Bay
02030104002 12.7 Newark Bay! Arthur Kill
02030104003 9.3 Arthur Kill

02030105005 17.0 Raritan Bay
02030105031 18.1 Upper Millstone River
02030105032 13.4 Cranbury Brook
02030105013 18.0 Lower Pequest River
02040201004 11.3 Delaware River - Z2
02040202036 5.4 Delaware River - Z3
02040301054 5.4 Hammonton Creek
02040302010 17.5 Great Egg Harbor River

3. Mini Lis

The "Mini-List" is comprised of waterbodies not expected to achieve State water quality standards, revised
pursuant to Section 303 (c) (2)(B) for priority pollutants, due to point or nonpoint sources after
technology-based requirements have been met.

TABLE III-C CANDIDATE MIMI LIST
KEY: PS = Point Source, NPS = Nonpoint Source, UKS = Unknown Source

Reach Waterbody Name PS NPS UKS
02020007028 Wallkill River * *
02030101005 Hudson River * * *
02030101009 Hudson River * * *
02030103 Deepaval Brook *
02030103 Peckman River *
02030103 Singac River *
02030103 Hohokus Brook *
02030103 Ackermans Creek *
02030103001 Hackensack River * *
02030103002 Hackensack River
(Oradell Reservoir) *
02030103005 Hackensack River * *
02030103010 Passaic River * *
02030103011 Saddle River *
02030103012 Passaic River *
02030103013 Pompton River *
02030103014 Ramapo River *
02030103021 Passaic River *
02030103022 Whippany River * *
02030103023 Rockaway River * *
02030103024 Whippany River *
02030103025 Passaic River * *
02030103034 Berrys Creek *
02030104 Kill Van Kull *
02030104 Elizabeth River *
0203104 Birch Swamp Brook *
02030104001 Upper New York Bay * *
02030104002 Newark Bay * * *
02030104003 Arthur Kill * * �
02030104006 Sandy Hook Bay * *
02030105 Capoolony Creek *
02030105 East Trout Brook *
02030105 Rocky Brook *
02030105 Edmunds Creek *
02030105 Lawrence Brook *
02030105001 Raritan Bay * * *
02030105002 Raritan River * *
02030105015 Raritan River
South Branch *
02030105026 Millstone River *

Reach Waterbody Name PS NPS UK S

02030105028 Millstone River *
02030105029 Stony Brook *
02030105031 Millstone River, Upper *
02030105033 South River * *
02030105059 Mill Brook *
02030105060 Mine Brook *
02040105003 Assunpink Creek, Upper *
02040105008 Musconetcong River *
02040105011 Delaware River * *
02040105021 Paulins Kill
02040105032 Assunpink Creek, Lower *
02040201003 Assiscunk Creek
02040201004 Delaware River (Zone 2) *
02040202 Woodbury Creek
(Stewart Lake)
02040202 Newton Creek
02040202 Holly Run/Briar Lake
02040202 Edwards Run
02040202 Chestnut Brook/
Alcyow Lake *
02040202030 Delaware River (Zone 3/4) *
02040202034 Cooper River * *
02040202035 Delaware River (Zone 3/4) *
02040202039 Pennsauken Creek * *
02040202040 Delaware River (Zone 3/4) *
02040202043 Delaware River (Zone 3/4) *
02040202046 Delaware River (Zone 3/4) *
02040202050 Rancocas Creek
02040202053 Delaware River (Zone 3/4) *
02040206 Hudson Brook of
Maurice River
02040206030 Blackwater Brook
02040301 Squankum Brook,
North Branch
02040301002 Manasquan River *
02040301014 Toms River *
02040301017 Toms River *
02040301018 Toms River *

111-57

G. The Condition ocean water quality). The causes of the pe-
of New Jersey's Ocean Water: riodic short term beach closings in the
A Special State Concern ocean were land-based and usually associ-
ated with rainfall. The three extended
Potential water quality problems associated closings were in Atlantic City, Monmouth
with the condition of New Jersey's Coastal County, and Seaside Heights. The mecha-
nism for bacterial transport to beaches
water quality and beaches received a great
deal of publicity in the summer of 1987. The during an August 17-22 closing in Atlantic
major complaints by beach-goers and local City was considered to be contamitated flow
residents included health risk concerns, from the stormwater pipes discharging to
garbage floating in the water, and litter on the o cean. A damaged valve in a sewage
the beaches. From unexplained dolphin line at the Ocean Township Sewerage Au-
dealths to hospital wastes washing onshore, thority Facility was the cause of an August
it appeared to the public that the complaints 17-19 closing in Monmouth County. In Sea-
were not unfounded (NJDEP, 1986b). side Heights, the beach was closed on August
3 on either side of the Casino Pier as fecal
At the same time, the New Jersey Depart- coliform concentrations were elevated
above the standard. The bacterial contami-
ment of Envionmental Protection (nation was attributed to the presence of the
the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) reported that their routine bird populations roosting under the pier
monitoring programs indicated excellent (NJDEP, 1988a).
ocean water quality. The state and federal
scientists water quality. The stat high dissolv federal The Jersey Shore suffered beach closings in
scientists were looking at high dissolved the summer of 1987 due to other causes than
oxygen levels, good water clarity and low the summer of 1987 due to other causes than
oxygen levels, good water clarity and low high bacterial levels. Discretionary beach
bacterial counts (NJDEP, 1986b). high bacterial levels. Discretionary beach
closings from Point Pleasant through Long
The apparent ability of the Atlantic Ocean to Beach Island in Ocean County from May 27
dilute and assimilate a large quantity of through May 29 were invoked during the
solid and liquid waste has designated it as a extensive washup of floatables which in-
major disposal site for modern society. The cluded plastics (condoms and tampon appli-
New Jersey Shore is also highly valued as a cators), grease-coated organic particles of
base for recreational and residential activi- varying size and the decomposing remnants
ties., and numerous living resources. This is of an major algal bloom which had extented
evident by the publicity created by the from Sandy Hook to Long Beach Island.
summer of 1985 beach closings and visible From August 13 through August 16, a period
pollution problems. The ocean does have a preceeded by extreme tides, heavy rains and
northeast winds, another major floatables
remarkable ability to process waste natu- northeast winds, another major floatabls
rally without harm to living marine re- washup caused beach closings from south-
sources or its recreational value. The pol- ern Monmouth County through Long Beach
lution problems visible to all this summer Island. The presence of medical waste
indicate that this ability has its limits. (syringes, needles, intravenous tubing),
These limits cannot be abused without wood and glass required major cleanup ef-
detrimental effects. forts prior to the reopening of the beaches
(NJDEP, 1988a).
The necessity to close beaches in the sum-
mer of 1987 indicated areas and times when Steps were taked to address the pollution
the ocean environment was stressed beyond poblems of the summery introof 1987. Governor
its limit for supporting primary contact Kean of New Jersey introduced a 14 point
recreation. The Coastal Cooperative Moni- plan to address ocean and beach problems.
toring Program identified showed 12 short This plan includes a reorganization of state
toring Program identified showed 12 short coastal authority through a coastal commis-
term and 3 extended ocean beach closings in coastal authority through a coastal commis-
sion. Legislation has recently been intro-
1987 (see section D of this chapter for a duced to address most of the pollution prob-
more detailed description of estuarine and le ms identified in the G overn or's 14 point
lems identified in the Governor's 14 point

plan. The 14 points and the Coastal Commis- causes the ocean environment to be stressed
sion are outlined later in this section. by bacterial and floatable pollutants.

The NJDEP, New Jersey Department Of Health Municipal Sewage Sludge
and the USEPA initiated and continued a
number of programs and studies addressing Sewage sludge is the solid portion of human
ocean and beach pollution. These include: a waste remaining of municipally operated
floatable study to identify sources and de- plants the solids settle to the bottom of tanks
termine the distribution of solid wastes that during the wastewater treatment process.
float or remain suspended in the water col-
umn was continued by NJDEP and EPA Three New York and six New Jersey sewer-
(NJDEP, 1987d). The concern over age agencies dispose of a great deal of
gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin sludge into ocean. Over 150 smaller New Jer-
infections reported by visitors and sey communities have stopped ocean dis-
residences of the shore during the summer posal of sewage sludge since 1976 (NJDEP,
of 1987 initiated a health study by the NJDOH 1988b).
(NJDOH, 1988). DEP and EPA are analying
phytoplankton and chlorophyll "a" EPA has set 1991 as the date for cessation of
concentrations in the New York Bight area. all dumping in the ocean. In 1984 EPA de-
NJDEP and the coastal county health nied petitions from the ocean dumpers to
departments have a program to monitor continue to use an EPA designated site lo-
ocean water quality as related to fecal cated 12 miles off shore in shallow water. At
coliform concentrations at bathing beaches present all sludge dumping is to be done at a
(NJDEP, 1988a). The Commissioner of NJDEP 106 mile site in deep water off the conti-
initiated a study by scientific, nental shelf (NJDEP, 1988b).
governmental, and environmental
professions to review the events of this past Two alternative disposal options for sludge
summer in the context of the larger issues are incineration and composting with land
of coastal development, water quality and application. While these options would stop
marine resources. A written report to be ocean disposal they could cause serious air
presented to the Commissioner in May, 1988 or ground water pollution problems.
which will address the events of last sum-
mer and include recommmendations of ac- Dredged Material
tions to take to avoid similar occurences in
the future. Sand, silt, and mud must be removed from
navigational channels and docking areas
The New York-New Jersey Harbor and the throughout the port of New York and New
Delaware Bay have been declared estuaries Jersey. Some of these sediments come from
of national significance and have been industrial and sewer outfall areas which
nominated for the National Estuary Pro- contain pollutants such as heavy metals,
gram. The NJDEP will be working with EPA and PCBs, oil and grease. The Army Corp of
Region I and II, Delaware, Pennsulvania, Engineers is responsible for the trans-
and New York to develop comprehensive portation and dumping of the dredged mate-
management plans which include recom- rial at a site (Mud Dumping Site) six miles
mendations for pollution control in both the east of Sea Bright. The Corp is responsible
New York-New Jersey Harbor and the for determining the suitability of dredge
Delaware Bay. material for dumping by running bioassay
and bioaccumulation tests. In 1986 a law
Controls over ocean pollution are regulated was enacted by Congress which requires the
by the state and federal governments. EPA and the Corps to find a new site at least
Highlighted below are the major potential 20 miles offshore and relocate the dredge
pollution sources and present regulations or material disposal from the Mud Dump Site.
programs to control the pollution. It is a
combination of these pollution sources that

111-59

The dredged material remains in place on conditions on burning including fewer
the ocean floor so it does not pose a threat to burns, no overloading of barges, trailing
beaches or swimmers. The dreged material vessels to pickup fallen material and in-
causes stress to marine organisms by cov- creased monitoring. Air pollution and wa-
ering the ocean floor at and near the site. ter pollution by soot and ash are also con-
Promising alternatives to dumping the cerns which need to be addressed (NJDEP,
dredged material include the creation of a 1988b).
containment island in Lower New York Bay
or in Raritan Bay, filling-in existing holes Boat litter
in the harbor area and using clean sand to
re-establish eroded beaches (NJDEP, 1988b). There are laws which prohibit the dis-
charge of oil or oily substances in the
Industrial Waste Disposal ocean. The Coast Guard is responsible for
ensuring that the merchant marine laws
Only two companies continue to dispose of a are enforced.
portion of their wastes in the ocean under
permit authority of the USEPA. EPA's regu- At the present time, commercial vessels can
lations state that ocean disposal can only be legally dispose of garbage generated aboard
considered if land-based alternatives do not ship in the ocean beyond three miles from
exist. Allied Corporation disposes of dilute shore. This practice has become a major is-
hydrochloric acid at a site approximately 20 sue nationally. A recent DEP study con-
miles east of Asbury Park. Dupont in cluded that there is a significant potential
Delaware disposes of dilute iron-acid waste for wash up of garbage plastics and floata-
at the 106 mile site. All ocean disposal of in- bles from offshore vessels including recre-
dustrial waste is expected to curtailed as ational craft, fishing boats, and merchant
soon as these companies begin to utilize marine vessels.
land based disposal aterantives (NJDEP,
1988b). The problem of plastics and marine garbage
is being addressed by an international
Wood Burning agreement known as MARPOL, Annex V.
The United States will soon become a party
A New Jersey/New York Harbor clean-up to that agreement. When it becomes opera-
program exists in cooperation with the tional, ships will no longer be able to dis-
Corps of Engineers. This program is de- pose of plastic wastes overboard and other
signed to remove old piers, pilings, bulk- types of solid waste disposal will be strictly
heads, and abandoned vessels. Wooden de- regulated (NJDEP, 1988b).
bris and charred timbers which drift in the
harbor and are found on beaches are col- Wastewater Discharges
lected. The wood is collected to minimize
harzards to boat navigtation. The collected The developed areas of New Jersey and New
material is burned in special steel barges at York process human wastes at sewage
a site approximately 20 miles east of Point treatment plants. Each day the coastal
Pleasant, New Jersey. ocean receives approximately three billion
gallons of wastewater from New York City
Public concerns center around the poor and New Jersey. This volume currently
record of operations by certain burn barge includes primary treated wastewater, sec-
contractors. Timbers have fallen overbard ondary treated wastewater, industrially
in transit to the burn site and washed onto treated wastewater and varing amounts of
beaches or caused hazards to fishing and raw sewage and combined sewer overflows.
recreational boats. The NJDEP has been Sewage treatment generally removes 85-
authorized by EPA to monitor all burn oper- 90% of the pollutants. The cummulative im-
ations involving New Jersey originated pact of the wastewater discharges likely has
material. In 1986 and 1987 EPA imposed

111-60

a major impact on pollutant loading in the urban areas contain conbinations of both
coastal ocean. urban and agricultural pollutants.

The states of New Jersey and New York to- Eighty to ninety percent of the coastal
gether with the federal government re- beach closings are attributable to localized
quire at least secondary level of sewage sources of elevated bacterial pollution from
treatment. New Jersey and the EPA have stormwater runoff. During the past two
invested several billion dollars in upgrad- summers there have been no pollution inci-
ing sewage treatment plants throughout the dents resulting form sewage treatment
State. Almost all of the older primary level plants along the coast. The bacteria comes
plants along the coast have been improved from leaky sanitary sewer lines, cross con-
or replaced with new secondary plants over nections of sanitary lines into storm sewers,
the past ten years. The upgrading will be bird populations, and pet droppings. Excess
completed within a year or so when new fertilizers from agricultural lands and sub-
plants serving Asbury Park and the urban lawns likely contribute the nutrients
Wildwoods come on line (NJDEP, 1988b). that sometimes trigger blooms of algeal in
the ocean. The majority of floating litter
Ciba-Geigy Corporation operates a chemical and debris that has plagued the beaches of
manufacturing plant in Toms River and dis- New Jersey comes from stormwater runoff
charges its treated industrial wastewater to and flushing of storm water pipes after
the ocean one-half mile offshore through heavy rainfalls (NJDEP, 1988b).
an outfall pipeline. It is New Jersey's only
industrial discharge directly into the ocean. In his State of the State Address in 1987,
The discharge is regulated through a permit Governor Kean announced the proposal of a
issued by the DEP. 14-point Action Plan to preserve the quality
of New Jersey's ocean and beaches. The es-
The Ciba-Geigy ocean discharge has been tablishment of a New Jersey Coastal Commis-
very controversial and the subject of severe sion is an essential element of the Gover-
criticism. One of the criticisms is that the nors proposal. The proposal is the Gover-
ocean discharge poses a public health haz- nor's response to the intense publicity re-
ard to bathers in the vicinity of the outfall. cently recieved by pollution problems along
The Department's Division of Science and the New Jersey Shore.
Research provided direction and oversight
on a number of required research studies. The Coastal Commission to be created by the
Dye studies were conducted to trace pollu- Governors proposal will have jurisdiction
tants both offshore and nearshore. The over the entire coastal region as defined in
conclusion reached by DEP in May of 1987 New Jersey Coastal Area Facility Review Act.
was that the ocean discharge does not, at The appropriate Division of Coastaol Re-
this time, pose a meaningful health hazard sources personnel and functions will be
to bathers (NJDEP, 1988b). transfered to the commmission. The com-
mission will develop a comprehensive
Nonpoint Sources of Pollution shore Master Plan which will streamline
the regulatory and planning framework for
Nonpoint source pollution is any pollution the coast, address water quality and shore
beside that which comes out the end of an protection, and delegate permitting athority
outfall pipe from a regulated treatment to localities. The commission will be re-
plant. The pollutants can enter the water- sponsible for the funding needed to support
way directly from stormwater runoff necessary programs (NJCC, 1987).
through storm sewer systems. Urban
runoff contains oil, grease, heavy metals, The fourteen measures the Governor has
pathogens, nutrients, chemicals, and litter. outlined that municipalities, the state, and
Agricultural runoff contains excessive nu- congress must do to stop the degradation of
trients, pesticides, and soil particles. Sub- the ocean and beaches of New Jersey are
outlined Below:

111-61

A. Municipal Measures

- Control beach litter.
- Sweep streets and clean *stormsewers.

B. State Action

- Increase funding for marine police.
- Control stormwater pollution.
- Improve operation and maintenance of
sewage treatment plants.
- Extend Monmouth County sewage outfalls.
- Fix combined sewer overflows.
- Accelerate Industrial Pretreatment
Program.

C. Congressional Action

- End Ocean Dumping of Sludge in Five' Years.
- Immediately close six-mile dredge spoil site.
- Deny approval of commercial
woodburning site.
- Increase Coast Guard funding.
- Implement MARPOL.
- Require manifest system for hospital
waste.

According to the Governor the effectiveness
of these 14 measures will be compromised
without comprehensive coastal manage-
ment. The New Jersey Coastal Commission
will provide the framework for the long-
term protection of our beaches and water
(NJCC, 1987).

111-62

H. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR existing ambient monitoring networks be-
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY ing conducted by NJDEP and other agencies
IN NEW JERSEY under contract. Watersheds or segments of
a watershed would be intensively sampled
Water quality in New Jersey has improved on a periodic basis, (including lakes) with
the number of monitoring sites in the wa-
in some streams and declined in others, but
has generally held steady in most areas and tershed dependent upon water quality, land
waterways. How then, can greater im- uses, known and potential pollution sources,
.aterways .ow theand the amount of historical data.
provements in water quality take place
across the State?
An intensive survey program would have as
Listed below are a series of recommenda its specific objectives the following: Deter-
mination of water quality trends; diurnal
tions based on the conclusions in this re- quality trends; diurnal
port. Improving water quality conditions, stream quality; identification of pollution
in the face of extensive residential and sources; quantification of pollution impacts
on receiving waters (both point and non-
commercial development, will be a major
challenge for all of the State's citizens, in- point sources); comparison of water quality
data to flow conditions; modelling for
dustries and the various levels of govern- data to flow conditions; modelling for
dustrItdepeds on the var.levels of comt wasteload allocation purposes; determina-
ment. It depends on the level of commit-
....ment. we areped win the mke. ction of assimilative capacity of the water-
ment we are willing to make.
body; and statistical analysis of the data
I. Increased Water Quality Monitoring gathered.
Activiftes. 2. Increased Identification of Nonpoint
Sources of Water Pollution
Much of the current water quality moni-
toring conducted in New Jersey is in the
oringm of ambient networks. Thesey is networks, Nonpoint source pollution has been identi-
sPfo rm of ambi ent networks. These networks, fied in this report as a significant impedi-
such as the Primary and Basic Water Quality ment to achieving designated water uses
Monitoring Networks, utilize the collection
of bimonthly Networks, quarterly sampthe le ctis from a and the water quality objectives of the Clean
of bimonthly of r quarterly stamples lfrom a Water Act. In addition, very little in-stream
fixed number of monitoring stations located
on the larger streams in the State. The ma- monitoring for nonpoint sources has been
jor purpose of these networks are to deter- performed. In order to implement nonpoint
mine long-term water quality trends and source control measures nonpoint sources
general water quality conditions for use in must be identified. The first step must be to
general water quality conditions for use in
the 305(b) report. However, these programs segregate nonpoint source (nps) from point
the 305(b) report. However, these programs source pollution. This would require a sub-
do not identify specific sources of water s tantial upgrade of monitoring efforts
pollution, the effects of these sources on throughout the Stae of monitoring efforts
stream quality and biota, the assimilation or throughout the State for to
removal of pollution by the stream envi- addition, monitoring should be directed to
removal of pollution byonment, and the effectiveness of specific locate specific nps, as best possible in order
ronment, and the effectiveness of specific to allow an effective focus for the imple-
water pollution control activities. If public to allow an effective focus for the imple-
resources are to be used in the most effi-
cient manner then specific sources of pol- 3. Ambient Monitoring for
lution, which can be controlled, must be
properly identified and analyzed for im-
pacts on the receiving waters and the
aquatic ecosystem. New Jersey's estuarine waters play a sig-
nificant role in the vitality of many activi-
To accomplish these objectives, it is recom- ties in the State; they range from support-
mended that a long-term intensive survey ing wildlife habitat to tourism and aesthet-
monitoring program be implemented in the ics. Despite their value, very little ambient
State. This program would supplement the monitoring is performed in these waters.

111-63

With the exception of sampling for bacteria 5. Coordinated Watershed
in shellfish growing waters and bathing Management Activities
waters and monitoring by interstate agen-
cies of their respective regions, most estu- All activities in a watershed dealing with
arine waters are not routinely evaluated. It water pollution control and water resource
is recommended that a routine ambient management should be coordinated so that
monitoring program be developed for tidal duplication of effort is eliminated and
waters of major rivers and the larger bays maximum efficiency results. This coordi-
of the State. The purpose of this program nation should involve local, county, re-
would be to determine long-term trends in gional, state, and federal agencies; with spe-
estuarine water quality, evaluate year- cial consideration given to local and county
round conditions, analyze potential tribu- health offices or departments, in light of
tary impacts, and the critical water quality responsibilities designated to those agencies
constituents. under the New Jersey County Environmen-
tal Health Act of 1977 (P.L. 1977, c 443).
4. Greater Emphasis in Nonpoint Source
Management Specific activities that would benefit from a
coordinated approach include water quality
Nonpoint sources are a statewide and sig- monitoring, water use identification, loca-
nificant pollution problem. As such a tion and recognition of pollution sources,
greater commitment for their control is and generation of public support for water
needed. This report recommends that a quality management activities.
nonpoint source (nps) control policy be di-
vided into two overall efforts: education and It is recommended that the NJDEP continue
source control. to pursue initiatives developed by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Clean
Education would be directed to specific audi- Water Strategy. This strategy encourages
ences: from the general public to local offi- watershed-by-watershed pollution control
cials to special user groups. Public educa- actions.
tion could high-light such issues as proper
septic tank maintenance, disposal of house- 6. Achieving Necessary Effluent Quality
hold chemicals, motor oils, pet wastes, the from Point Sources
proper use of chemicals employed in lawn
and garden care, and local and state ordi- Due to the large number of point sources in
nances or laws. The general public needs to many of New Jersey's watersheds, wastewa-
be aware of the contribution they make to ter can often have profound impacts on
nps pollutants. stream water quality. In addition, streams
in the State which consistently suffer
Nps controls should be established as part of from poor water quality, have on the aver-
routine road and stormwater infrastructure age, the greatest number of wastewater
systems. The incorporation of municipal treatment plants that are not meeting their
stormwater management laws (that include effluent requirements. If clean water goals
water quality control features) into local are to be met in New Jersey, it is imperative
and county planning ordinances is neces- that all point sources be in compliance with
sary in the State for both new construction their discharge permit limitations. Poor
activities and existing infrastructure discharge quality is often due to inadequate,
(retrofitting). Routine maintenance and antiquated or underdesigned treatment
inspections of such structures are also nec- systems and the poor or delinquent opera-
essary. tion of facilities. Although most primary
treatment plants are now eliminated, many
secondary treatment plants are discharging
unsatisfactory treated wastewaters because

111-64

of system overload or improper operation.
These deficiencies need to be corrected at all
municipal/domestic, industrial and other
wastewater facilities.

I. Water Quality Inventory contained in this section is taken from prior
305(b) reports and the Areawide Water
Introduction Quality Management Plans. The land use
statistics are, for the most part, based on in-
This section of Chapter III contains water- formation collected in the mid-1970s, and as
body specific information on water quality such should be used to obtain a general
conditions, pollution problems and sketch of the watershed. Sub-watersheds
designated use attainment in New Jersey's are also mentioned in the Watershed De-
larger rivers and streams. An evaluation of scription. These sub-watersheds are por-
whether Clean Water Act goals (swimmable tions of the larger, full watershed, and will
and fish propagation/maintenance) are likely serve as the basis for the Waterbody
being achieved is also presented. Thirty- System segmentation which the US Envi-
seven watershed assessments have been ronmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is
made for this report, as well as a summary asking the States to provide. The Waterbody
of shellfish growing waters classifications System is an automated data management
in the State's coastal bays, estuaries and system developed by USEPA for the infor-
ocean waters. Summaries of the Delaware mation contained in this report.
River Basin Commission 305(b) report sub-
mittal on the Delaware River, and the Inter- The Water Quality Assessment contains a de-
state Sanitation Commission's assessment of scription of water quality conditions from
their jurisdictional waters are included in 1983 to 1987 for the State's major rivers and
this chapter. The detailed assessments in streams. The assessment also includes sum-
this chapter are the basis for the summaries maries of biomonitoring performed at se-
presented earlier in the Chapter. lected locations and a fishery community
description provided by the NJ Division of
The primary waterways assessed in this Fish, Game and Wildlife. The primary
section are listed in Table 111-13. As with source of data for the Water Quality Assess-
the 1986 305(b) report watersheds are re- ment is that collected at approximately 110
viewed separately and not in groups. A few ambient monitoring stations around the
streams that were assessed in prior 305(b) State. The results of special or intensive
reports are not included in this assessment surveys are also utilized when available.
because of a general reduction in ambient
monitoring in the State during the past five This report utilizes the water quality in-
to eight years. However, the evaluated in- dexing procedure presented in the New Jer-
formation collected for the nonpoint ser- sey 1986 305(b) report. The Water Quality
vice assessment provides a new under- Index (WQI) was developed by the USEPA
standing of many smaller streams. Region X for assessing water quality condi-
tions and trends for regional and national
Each watershed assessment contains the environmental profiles. The WQI is a modi-
following narrative sections: Watershed De- fied version of a WQI first developed and de-
scription, Water Quality Assessment, and scribed by the National Sanitation Founda-
Problem and Goal Assessment. Also included tion in 1970 (Brown, et. al., 1970).
is a watershed map (certain watersheds are
mapped together), a 'Water Quality Index Water quality data is transformed to a value
Profile 1983-1987' table, and a wastewater between 0 (best) and 100 (worst) through
discharge inventory. the use of severity curves. The severity
curve is a plot of the water quality con-
The Watershed Description is a brief char- stituent concentration (i.e. dissolved oxy-
acterization of stream geography, land uses, gen, phosphorus, etc.) versus pollution as-
population centers, and stream classifica- sessment (the 0 to 100 scale or index). The
tions according to the State Surface Water indices for each data value are then aver-
Quality Standards (N.J.A.C. 7:9-4.1 et seq.) aged and aggregated with the indices for
(NJDEP, 1985a). Much of the information the other indicators assessed to get a single
WQI value for a location over time. The WQI

111-66

TABLE HII- 13 WATERSHEDS EVALUATED IN THE WATER QUALITY INVENTORY

Wallkill River

Delaware River Basin
Flat Brook Rancocas Creek
Paulins Kills Pennsauken Creek
Pequest River Cooper River
Pohatcong Creek Big Timber Creek
Musconetcong River Raccoon Creek
Hunterdon County Oldmans Creek
Delaware River Tributaries- Salem River
Assunpink Creek Cohansey River
Crosswicks Creek Maurice River

Atlantic Coastal Basin
Monmouth Coastal Drainage-
Navesink and Shark Rivers Mullica River
Great Egg Harbor River
Manasquan River
Toms River

Raritan River Basin
South Branch Raritan River South River
North Branch Raritan River Raritan River
Millstone River

Northeastern New Jersey Waters
Rahway and Elizabeth Rivers Wanaque River
Upper Passaic River Ramapo and Pompton Rivers
Whippany River Lower Passaic River
Rockaway River Hackensack River
Pequannock River

Shellfish Resources and Harvesting Area Classifications, 1984-1987, and
Estuarine Water Quality
Delaware River - Status Report by the Delaware River Basin Commission
New York-New Jersey Interstate Waters Status Report by the Interstate
Sanitation Commision

111-67

procedure aggregates indices by Pollution assessments. WQI results for each monitor-
Category, and within each Category, by ing station are summarized in a WQI Profile
Component Parameters. Table III-14 pre- table located in each watershed assessment.
sents the Pollution Categories and Compo-
nents used to prepare the WQI for New Jer- Fixed-station ambient biomonitoring is also
sey's waters. utilized in the water quality assessment
when it is available. Fourteen stations have
The WQI is based on a scale from 0 to 100, had the periphyton community assessed,
where 0 represents no pollution or best while 18 stations review the macroinverte-
conditions, and 100 equals gross pollution or brate community. The stations where
worst case conditions. Between these ex- biomonitoring is conducted are listed in
tremes the WQI scale is divided into excel- Table 111-16. More information on
lent, good, fair, poor and very poor condi- macroinvertebrate monitoring can be
tions. Table III-15 shows the WQI value and found in the report by the NJ Department of
associated classifications. Environmental Protection (NJDEP) (1986),
while NJDEP (1984) presents a discussion of
WQI values are calculated for all data of each periphyton monitoring.
component in a category. The water quality
indicator (component) with the highest WQI Water quality data used for this report
values in a category is then aggregated to originates from three ambient monitoring
determine the final station WQI value. Sta- networks in the State. Two networks are af-
tion total WQI values are given for the en- filiated with the US Geological Survey
tire period of review and for each month in (USGS) - the National Stream Quality Ac-
the years assessed. Two aggregation meth- counting Network (NASQUAN) and the
ods are available: an "additive", and a NJDEP/USGS Joint Primary Network. Six
"synergistic" aggregation. The synergistic NASQUAN stations are present in the State;
procedure is used for this report as it tends sampling is conducted at various intervals,
to better represent actual conditions. The ranging from hourly for temperature and
synergistic aggregation procedure takes the specific conductance to four times yearly
average of each category and then adds for trace metals. Most indicators are sam-
more index "points" based on how much the pled either monthly or every two months.
data exceeds respective criterion. A total Sampling for the NJDEP/USGS Joint Network
station WQI value is also determined for the is generally performed six times yearly for
worst three month period to establish what the 82 stations in this network. Certain
are the critical periods in the stream. supplemental sampling is conducted once to
twice yearly.
The WQI procedure is performed through
STORET: USEPA's national computerized The third ambient monitoring program is
water quality data base. WQI values are cal- USEPA's Basic Water Monitoring Network.
culated for approximately 150 ambient wa- There are 26 stations in this network in New
ter quality monitoring stations in New Jer- Jersey and sampling is performed four
sey and interstate waters; the Delaware times yearly (seasonally). Supplemental
River Basin Commission utilizes the WQI as a samples are collected yearly for metals,
supplemental assessment methodology in macroinvertebrates, and dissolved minerals.
their 1988 305(b) report submittal. The WQI
serves as the basis for the water quality Toxics monitoring results for each water-
component of the Surface Water Rating shed are described in the 1982 305(b) report.
System presented in Chapter V and assists in Toxics assessment is not present in this
performing the water quality assessments year's report because statewide toxics mon-
in this chapter. The WQI along with a sum- itoring is not being performed. The NJDEP
mary statement of the raw data (number of used to conduct statewide ambient monitor-
values, mean, geometric mean and percent ing for toxics in the late 1970s. The moni-
exceeding criterion) are the primary in- toring program for toxics, coordinated
formation used to prepare the water quality through the NJDEP's Division of Science and

111-68

TABLE III - 14 WATER QUALITY INDEX CATEGORIES, COMPONENTS, AND CRITERIA
FOR ASSESSING NEW JERSEY'S RIVERS AND STREAMS

Criteria
Category Component (Index Value of 20)

Temperature Temp. Cold-water fishery 19-C
Temp. Warm-water fishery 28-C

Oxygen Dissolved Oxygen-Trout Production 7 mg/l
Dissolved Oxygen-Trout Maintenance 5 mg/l
Dissolved Oxygen-Nontrout 4 mg/l
D.O. Saturation 80, 120 %
pH pH-Non-acidic waters 6.5 - 8.5 SU
pH-Pinelands naturally acidic 3.5 - 5.5 SU
pH-Non-Pinelands naturally acidic 4.5 - 7.5 SU

Bacteria Fecal Coliform 200 MPN/100ml
Total Coliform 2400 MPN/100ml

Nutrients Total Phosporus-Free flowing waters 10 mg/l
Total Phosphorus-Above impoundment 0.05 mg/1
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 2.5 mg/l
Total Inorganic Nitrogen 2.0 mg/l

Solids Total Dissolved Solids 500 mg/l
Conductivity 750 micromhos

Ammonia Un-ionized-Warm waters 0.05 mg/l
Un-ionized-Trout waters 0.02 mg/l

Metals Total Lead 50 ug/l
Total Copper 50 ug/l
Total Mercury 0.50 ug/l
Total Cadmium 4.0 ug/l
Total Chromium 50 ug/l

111-69

TABLE III - 15 WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI) CLASSIFICATIONS

WQI Classification/Condition Des c ription

0-10 Excellent No or minimal pollution; water
uses met throughout year.

11-25 Good Generally low amounts of
pollution; water uses
periodically not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from
moderate to high levels;
certain water uses prohibited.

61-80 Poor Pollution in high amounts;
water uses not met.

81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extremely
high levels causing severe
stress to streamlife, water
uses not met.

An index of 20 is equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

111-70

TABLE III - 16 AMBIENT BIOMONITORING STATIONS

Macroinvertebrate Per ip h yt on
Station Sampling Sampling

Pequannock River at Macopin Intake X X
Rockaway River at Boonton X X
Millstone River at Blackwells Mills X X
North Branch Raritan River at X X
North Branch
South Branch Raritan River at X X
Stanton Station
Flat Brook at Flatbrookville X X
Musconetcong River at Bloomsbury X X
Pequest River at Pequest X X
Wallkill River at Unionville X X
Assunpink Creek at Trenton X X
Cooper River at Haddonfield X
Maurice River at Millville X X
NB Rancocas Creek at Mounty Holly X
SB Rancocas Creek at Hainesport X
Salem River at Courses Landing X X
Great Egg Harbor at Folsom X X
Manasquan River at Squankum X
Mullica River at Green Bank X X

Sources: NJDEP, 1984; NJDEP, 1986a.

111-71

Research, now performs site-specific stud- ings to the stream. The Department's Divi-
ies. Monitoring is performed for specific sion of Water Resources (DWR) Enforcement
problem areas as deemed necessary. The re- Element has prepared a description of sur-
sults of these studies are included in the face water dischargers currently under en-
Water Quality Assessment or Problem As- forcement action which are causing dele-
sessment sections, when available. terious impacts on surface waters, and the
pollutants being discharged. This listing of
In the report for the first time is a descrip- enforcement cases is used to help determine
tion of the type of fish community present pollution sources. The State's hazardous
in the State's waterways and the healthiness waste sites which are contaminating local
of the community. This information is part surface waters, as determined by the NJDEP
of the Water Quality Assessment and is de- Division of Hazardous Site Mitigation, are
signed to supplement the results of chemi- also included in the point source part of the
cal and biological monitoring. The fish Problem and Goal Assessment. More detailed
community assessments are provided by re- information on the sites can be found in
gional biologists of the NJDEP's Division of Site Status Reports on Hazardous Waste
Fish, Game and Wildlife. The assessment in- Remediation (NJDEP, 1987a). Other sources
cludes a determination of the primary types of information used in this section are prior
of fish found (warm or cold water species) 305(b) reports, Construction Grants projects
and the healthiness of the fish community which have been completed, are under con-
(healthy, moderately degraded or degraded). struction or are being planned, and other
The three health classifications are defined site-specific studies.
as follows:
An important component of this year's re-
Healthy: Adequate game fish reproduction port is a nonpoint source pollution assess-
and/or adequate species diversity in re- ment. The national Water Quality Act of
lation to the natural characteristics of the 1987 requires each state to prepare a State
water. If present, carp or goldfish compose Assessment Report and Management Pro-
only a minor segment of the population. gram for nonpoint sources by August, 1988.
The USEPA is requesting that the assessment
Moderately Degraded: Minimal to report be presented in the 305(b) report so
no game fish reproduction and/or less than that there is some consolidation in report-
adequate species diversity and/or carp or ing. The nonpoint source assessment seg-
goldfish a major segment of the population. ment of the Problem and Goal Assessment
section is designed to fulfill this require-
Degraded: Population dominated by ment by providing nonpoint source assess-
carp, goldfish, or killfish. Or fish popula- ments on a waterbody by waterbody basis.
ction absentrp, or virtually absent. OrfishpoThe Water Quality Act states that the assess-
tion absent or virtually absent.
ment report must describe the nature, ex-
The Problem and Goal Assessment section tent and effect of nonpoint sources of water
presents known and suspected water pollu- pollution, the causes of such pollution, and
tion problems in a watershed, and concludes
which monitored surface waters are meet-
which monitored surface waters are meet- USEPA has asked the states to use all avail-
ing State designated uses and national
swimmable and fishe le clean water goals. able information in preparing their non-
The section is divided into Point Source As- point source assessments. Two levels of as-
sessment, Nonpoint Source Assessment, and sessment are available: monitored and
evaluated. Monitored assessments are those
based on actual waterway sampling col-
lected within the past five years. Evaluated
The information used to describe pollution
problems comes from a variety of sources. waters are those assessed with best profes-
The point source inventory identifies the sional judgement, the presence of known or
relative contribution of point source load- potential sources, fishery surveys, citizen
complaints or older monitoring data. In

111-72

New Jersey there has been very little mon- a result, a particular nonpoint category or
itoring specifically for nonpoint sources. subcategory was usually assigned to an en-
In addition most of the State's larger rivers, tire waterbody rather than specific sec-
streams and estuaries/ocean waters have tions. For instance, a county planning
one or more wastewater discharges. There- agency may have noted that the North
fore, it becomes very difficult to determine River was impacted by suburban runoff.
the source of pollutants and the contribu- But the portion of the river actually being
tion they make to stream degradation once impacted is not defined. Therefore, the en-
identified. Even when modelling studies of tire river is listed as being impacted, when
streams are performed, they are usually de- in actuality only 40 percent of the water-
signed for low flow analysis and/or for the shed is developed. This reporting method
purpose of point source waste load alloca- may result in an over-estimation of the
tions. problem.

In an attempt to gather the best available The nonpoint source assessment provides a
information on nonpoint sources, the DWR good, general inventory of the waterways
decided to ask a variety of state and local impacted by nonpoint source pollution,
agencies to perform watershed-by-water- their extent on a state-wide basis, and their
shed assessments. A questionnaire was pre- estimated severity. This assessment will be
pared by the DWR which asked these agen- used as the basis for further in-depth study,
cies to report on: what waterways are af- especially in areas of the state where desig-
fected by nonpoint sources, what nonpoint nated uses are precluded because of non-
source pollution category or subcategory point pollution. The Division greatly appre-
(as defined by USEPA in 305(b) guidance) is ciates the assistance of those agencies
present, what type of knowledge was used in which contributed to the nonpoint source
the assessment (suspected or known), how assessment.
severe is the nonpoint pollution source
(low, moderate or severe), is the source in- The determination of whether or not a wa-
creasing or decreasing, and what impacts terbody is meeting the State's designated
are observable to the receiving waters. This uses and clean water goals is based on a va-
questionnaire was sent to all the State's riety of criteria. In New Jersey all fresh-
county planning agencies, local soil con- waters are assigned designated uses which
servation districts, regional fisheries biolo- reflect State and National clean water goals
gists in the NJ Division of Fish, Game and (swimmable and fish propaga-
Wildlife, and the staff of the DWR Bureau of tion/maintenance). Most estuaries and all
Marine Water Classification and Analysis. ocean waters (those classified SE-1 and SC-1)
There was a 100 percent response rate from also have designated uses consistent with
every group except the county planning the clean water goals. Tidal waters in the
agencies (of which approximately 80 per- New York Harbor area and the Delaware
cent responded). River around Phildelphia (SE-2 and SE-3
waters) are not required to meet clean water
The results of these questionnaires are the goals; their designated uses are less strin-
primary data source for the nonpoint gent than the goals. Table III - 17 presents
source assessment. This information is con- the designated uses assigned to the various
sidered to be of the "evaluated" type, since it surface water classifications. More infor-
generally consists of best professional mation on the State's water quality stan-
judgement. This information can be re- dards and classifications can be found in
garded as the most thorough nonpoint NJDEP (1985a). Conclusions regarding at-
source assessment compiled in New Jersey tainment of the swimmable designated
since the mid-1970s when the Areawide use/goal is based primarily on ambient
Water Quality Management (208) Plans were monitoring results. Swimmable status is
prepared. Respondents were asked to pro- determined by the presence of fecal col-
vide a breakdown of waterway assessments iform bacteria, as identified in ambient
by subwatersheds as delineated by DWR. As monitoring. If monitoring finds no fecal

111-73

TABLE III - 17
SELECTED DESIGNATED USES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED WATER CLASSIFICATIONS

Designated Use Water Classification

1. Primary and secondary contact recreation FW-1, FW-2, SE-1, SC and PL

2. Secondary contact recreation SE-2, SE-3

3. Maintenance, migration and propagation FW-1, FW-2, SE-1, SE-2, SC,
of the natural and established biota (PL)
(biota indigenous to the unique
ecological region)

4. Maintenance and migration SE-3
of fish populations

5. Shellfish harvesting in accordance with SE-1, SC
State regulations.

6. Public potable water supply, after such PL, FW-2
treatment as required by law
or regulation

Source: NJDEP, 1985a

111-74

coliform levels above the State criterion of
200 MPN/1O0ml, then the waters are deemed
swimmable. If up to 25 percent of the fecal
coliform values exceed the criterion, then
waters are classified as marginally
swimmable. Greater than 25 percent indi-
cates that waters are not swimmable. It
should be noted that regardless of the
swimmable classification assigned to a
stream, swimming is recommended only in
those waters routinely monitored for
bathing. Each monitoring station is
thought to assess five stream miles (2.5
miles upstream and downstream).

Achievement of the fish propagation and
maintenance (fishable) goal is based pri-
marily on resource information, but water
quality analysis are utilized. In this year's
report, fisheries resource information is
the main assessment tool for determining if
the fish propagation/maintenance use is
being met. The fisheries assessment pre-
sented in the Water Quality Assessment sec-
tion describes the quality of the fisheries;
this in turn is the basis for determining if
the stream supports a fish community
which is healthy and reproducing. Table
III - 18 shows the different designated use
definitions concerning the fish propaga-
tion/maintenance use. Because of this new
methodology for determining attainment of
the fish propagation and maintenance use
goal, certain waters that were formally con-
sidered as meeting the use goal are now
noted as threatened or partially degraded,
and vice versa.

Dissolved oxygen, pH, un-ionized ammonia
and the presence of elevated toxic sub-
stances in aquatic life are evaluated to de-
termine if stressful conditions to fishlife
are present. Biomonitoring data is also uti-
lized along with the water quality data. It
should be noted that many factors affect the
suitability of a waterway to support a
healthy fish community. Not all factors are
reviewed during ambient monitoring, and
therefore, actual community conditions may
vary from what is described in this report.

111-75

TABLE III - 18 DEFINITION OF THE FISH PROPAGATION AND
MAINTENANCE DESIGNATED USE CLASSIFICATIONS

Classification Definition

Fully Meeting Fish Propagation/ Fish community is healthy. Water
Maintenance Use quality conditions are excellent to
fair.

Fully Meeting Use, but Fish community is healthy, but
Threatened man-related pollution sources have
observable impacts on the fisheries.
Pollution problems may be worsening.

Partially meeting the fish Fish community is classified as
propagation/maintenance use moderately degraded. Water quality
ranges from fair to very poor.

Not meeting the fish propagation/ Fish community is classified as
maintenance use degraded or severely degraded.
Water quality ranges from fair to
very poor.

7. WALLKILL RIVER because of higher bacterial and nutrient
levels.

Watershed Description The Wallkill at Franklin is impounded to
form Franklin Pond. Below the Franklin
The Wallkill River drains from New Jersey Pond outlet the Wallkill can experience
into New York and has a 203 square mile severely reduced flow during the summer
watershed in New Jersey. The 27 mile months, resulting in high stream tempera-
length of this river in New Jersey is located tures that may cause stress to cold water
in Sussex County. This area is predomi- fish. Nutrients, notably total phosphorus,
nately rural, the largest towns being Ver- increase in the Wallkill as one travels
non, Sparta, Franklin, and Sussex. Major downstream. This is also true of fecal col-
tributaries flowing into the Wallkill include iform, with geometric means going from 84
the Papakating (15 miles long) and Pochuck MPN/100ml at Franklin to 236 MPN/100ml at
(8 miles long) Creeks. Lakes and impound- Sussex and 283 MPN/100ml at Unionville.
ments in this watershed include Lake Mo- Papakating Creek contain levels of phos-
hawk (at the headwaters), Newton Reser- phorus and fecal coliform that exceed state
voir, Lake Grinnell, Wawayanda Lake, and criteria in 61 and 77 percent, respectively,
many others. Four sub-watersheds have of all samples collected. Water quality in
been delineated for the Wallkill watershed: Papakating Creek is fair to poor in late
Upper and Lower Wallkill, Papakating Creek summer/early fall. Black Creek has condi-
and Black Creek. tions similar to Papakating Creek, but pol-
lutant levels are not quite as high. Metals
The land use in this watershed is primarily were generally within acceptable levels
forested and agricultural, although the throughout the watershed, but one elevated
amount of developed lands is increasing. cadmium concentration was detected in the
There are 23 New Jersey Pollution Discharge Wallkill River at Franklin.
Elimination System (NJDPES) permits here,
of which 15 are municipal and 8 are indus- Biomonitoring conducted in the Wallkill
trial/commercial. Most of the Wallkill River River at Unionville confirms the results of
is classified FW-2 Nontrout, except for the the chemical data. Macroinvertebrate and
stretch from Sparta Glen Brook to the Rt. 23 periphyton collection indicates generally
bridge, which is classified as FW-2 Trout healthy and favorable conditions, although
Maintenance. Papakating Creek and Clove some organic enrichment is suggested.
Brook contain both FW-2 Trout Maintenance Macroinvertebrate sampling since 1977 has
and Nontrout waters. found no appreciable changes.

Water Quality Assessment The Upper Wallkill is described by the New
Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife as
Five monitoring stations are present in the supporting a healthy cold water fishery.
Wallkill River watershed: Wallkill River at The lower 18 miles in contrast, is charac-
Franklin, Sussex and near Unionville, New terized as partially degraded, stretches of
York, Papakating Creek at Sussex, and Black which have had histories of fish kills. Fish
Creek near Vernon. They represent ap- species present in the Lower Wallkill are
proximately 30 stream miles. Water quality principally warm water forms. Franklin
of the Wallkill River is generally good at all Pond and Black Creek support healthy cold
three stations, although conditions degrade water fish communities. Wawayanda and
somewhat during summer months to fair Pochuck Creeks, tributaries to Black Creek,
quality. Total phosphorus and fecal col- also contain healthy fisheries; the former
iform are often found at problematic levels. contains both cold and warm water species,
Black and Papakating Creeks have some- the latter is limited to cold water forms.
what poorer water quality than the Wallkill Clove Brook is characterized as partially de-
graded and contains both cold and warm
water fish. Papakating Creek, having a cold

111-77

water fishery, is also found to be partially fects of increased urbanization, largely in
degraded. the form of construction site runoff. Crop
production, pasturelands, and a zinc mine at
Problem and Goal Assessment Franklin are all suspected of affecting wa-
ter quality in the lower segment of the
Point Source Assessment Wallkill.

The water quality problems identified in the Clove Brook suffers from excessive nutrient
Wallkill Watershed are due to a variety of loading which causes low dissolved oxygen
point and nonpoint sources. The Wallkill levels and algal growth. The known sources
River, Papakating Creek and Black Creek all are agricultural; including feedlot, pasture
appear to have poorer water quality in the land and crop runoff. Feedlot runoff has
warm weather months, indicating that point been identified to be the reason for the clo-
or continuous sources may be the main sure of bathing beaches in Clove Lake. In-
cause for stream degradation. Two creasing agricultural runoff (crop produc-
wastewater discharges currently under en- tion, pasture land, animal holding) along
forcement action are suspected of causing Papakating Creek is suspected as having
water pollution problems. The Sussex Boro contributed to severe eutrophic conditions
Treatment Plant (Clove Brook) has raw in this stream and in turn, a degradation of
sewage overflows during wet weather and the stream's fishery potential. Black Creek
excessive chlorine loads. Ames Rubber Cor- receives some agricultural runoff; however,
poration is discharging industrial wastes its principal nonpoint source problem is
(volatile organic compounds) in violation believed to be suburban/urban in nature.
into the Wallkill River; this discharge is to Construction activities coupled with surface
be eliminated by June, 1988. A former pol- runoff are suspected in sediment loading
lution source to the Wallkill, Accurate and stormwater contamination. Some trib-
Forming, was eliminated in 1986. Sussex utaries in the Black Creek sub-watershed
County MUA now operates a new advanced are so severely impacted that they are de-
treatment facility in the Upper Wallkill. scribed as being devoid of aquatic life. This
One hazardous waste site, Metaltec, is sus- sub-watershed has been sited by local offi-
pected of discharging volatile organics and cials as needing storm water management.
metals to Wildcat Brook, a Wallkill tributary.
The control of animal waste (bacteria and
Nonpoint Source Assessment nutrients) is currently the purpose of a Soil
Conservation Service project in the Clove
Evaluated nonpoint pollution in the Wallkill Brook watershed. Sheet and rill erosion in
Watershed, in general, shows a shift from the Wallkill watershed averaged 3.6
agricultural sources to those created by in- tons/acre, less than the statewide average.
creasing urbanization. In the Upper Wal-
lkill River, deleterious effects of both ur- Designated Use and Goal Assessment
banization and agricultural activities are on
the rise. Increasing construction and ur- Attainment of the fish propagation and
ban surface runoff have resulted in sedi- maintenance designated use and goal is oc-
ment loading and stormwater contamina- curing in portions of the watershed. The
tion, respectively. Local officials have Upper Wallkill (9 miles), Wawayanda Creek
stressed the need for stormwater manage- and Pochuck Creek are supporting the goal,
ment such as the use of large dentention while Black Creek (7 miles) is currently
ponds in the region. In addition, agricul- supporting but threatened by wastewater
tural runoff from crop production, pasture discharges. The Lower Wallkill (18 miles),
lands, and animal holdings are believed to Clove Brook (5 miles), Papakating Creek (15
have contributed to widespread eutrophic miles) can be classified as partially meeting
conditions in the Upper Wallkill. The Lower the fish propagation and maintenance use
Wallkill River is also experiencing the ef- because of moderately degraded fisheries.
All 20 monitored stream miles contain ex-

111-78

cessive fecal coliform and as a result will
not meet the swimmable use and goal. How-
ever, this use attainment is occurring
throughout many headwater lakes.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name and
Classification

1 Wallkill River at Franklin, NJ,
FW-2 Trout Maintanance,

2 Wallkill River near Sussex, NJ,
FW-2 Nontrout,

3 Papakating Creek at Sussex, NJ,
FW-2 Nontrout

4 Wallkill River near Unionville, NY,
FW-2 Nontrout

5 Black Creek near Vernon, NJ,
FW-2 Nontrout

111-79

WALLKILL RIVER

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

- -~~~~~~~~~~ -' CO N Y B U D R E M S O C N I E
PAULINS KILL WAWN ,

0:234 8
SA
'-. 1 APEQUANNOCK RIVER

LEGEND 2
STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
COUNTY BOUNDARIES MUSCONETCONG RIVER
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS 3

SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

WAT ERQUOAIr TYAUDEKXJROFPILE 0=1~LLZ

Wallkill River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH 1 BACTERIA:NIITRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND!
I QNDI I TI-aH
lWallkill AVG
River at :WQT :14 :6 15 20 13 10 8 18 :24 Good
Franklin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
:WORST3: June- May- Sept- June- April- Sept- July- June- :42 Fair
MONTHS: Aug J July Nov Aug June : Nov Sept Aug Jun-Aug

Wallkill AVG
River near WQI I 9 7 26 13 12 5 8 :16 Good
Sussex
WORST3 June- June- March- June- : June- -August- July- March- I26Good/Fair:
MONTHS: August August May August August Oct Sept May dJune-August

W a I I k i I I AVG
River near WQI I 19 5 28 17 10 3 ID :23 Good
UnionvilIe : : : _ _ _: -: _ _ _ _ : _ _ :__ __ _
WORST3: June- July- August- May- Nov- Sept- 1 June- :35 Fair
:MONTHS: August Sept Oct Nov January Nov August 1 June-August:

Papakating AVG
:Creek At WQI 2 25 3 39 21 7 4 118 :35 Fair
Sussex : __ : ___ : _ -_
WORST3! June- August-: April- I August-: Sept- Sept- August- : Sept- :6OFair/Poor:
MONTHS: August Oct June Oct Nov Nov : Oct : Nov :August-Oct

!Black Creek AVG :::
near Vernon WQI I 37 : 25 16 15 6 7 :32 Fair

:WORST3; July- Sept- : April- July- June- : August- August- April- 51 Fair
:MuNTHS! Sept Nov June Sept August : Oct Oct June July-Sept

LEGEtIII - Ha~terL~SU&1txlndex.D.ea criP1Ion
WQI rondition Doacrlptlon
0-10 Excellent Io or alnlal pollution: 61-60 roor Pollution In hlgh amounts;
*.ter UIOs met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low *nountn oL 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occura at eatremely
pollution; vat-:r uren high l Ar-is; e.vere strecs to
periodically not met. stream life; water uses not met.

26-00 fair Pollution amounta vary Irom ID Insufficient Data
moderate to hlih leveln:
certain uater use* prohIbIted.

An Index ol 20 IL equivalent to th-3 level of "ster quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: WALLKILL RIVER

/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME j# NJPDES 1RECEIVING WATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY TYPE

:High Pt. Rg. H.S. Wantage :0031585 ITapakating Creek :Wantage/Sussex :Municipal
Accurate Forming Corp :0002275 lWallkill River IHamburg/Sussex !Ind/Comm
:Plastoid Corp :0006661 :Wallkill River :Hardyston/Sussex :Id/Comm
!Sparta-Plaza STP :0027057 :Trib to Wallkill :Sparta/Sussex :Municipal
'Sparta--Alpine STP :0027065 :Trib to Wallkill :Sparta/Sussex :Municipal
: Franklin Boro - Hemlock STP :0022055 :Wallkill River :Franklin Boro/SussexiMunicipal
:Franklin DPW 10029220 Wallkill River :Franklin Boro/Sussex!Municipal
:NJ Zinc Co., Inc :0004596 :Wallkill River :Ogdensburg/Sussex !Ind/Comm
.Franklin Board of Public Work10031038 :Wallkill River :Franklin/Sussex 'Municipal
Regional Oil Corn :0026115 :Swampy Area To D IFranklin/Sussex :Ind/Storm
~Ames Rubber Corp :0000141 :Wallkill River IHamburg/Sussex ;Mun/Ind/Thm!
:Vernon Valley Recreational :0021814 :Trib to Black Creek ~McAfee/Sussex !Municipal
:Great Gorges Mountain View :0023949 :Black Creek : McAfee/Sussex :Ind
CoPope John XXIV Hs :0027049 ~Trib to Wallkill :Sparta/Suasex :Municipal
iSparta BD of ED HS :0027073 :Trib to Wallkill :Sparta/Sussex :Municipal
:Tri-Cty Water Condition Co :0033472 Wallkill : Sparta/Sussex :Ind
:Sussex Borough :0021857 !Wallkill :Sussex/Sussex :Municipal
!Regency Apartments :0029041 :Trib to Wallkill :Wantage/Sussex :Municipal
:Stonehill Corp :0032841 ~Black Creek !Vernon/Sussex :Municipal
:Vernon Twp School Board :0023841 :Black Creek :Vernon/Sussex !Municipal
:Newtoni Subaru :0063819 ~Wallkill River !Hampton/Sussex !Ind
!Sussex County MUA 10053350 :Wallkill River :Sussex :Municipal

--------------------------------------------------------------------

2. FLAT BROOK total mercury concentrations. pH values
have also shown significant increases. The
1986 305(b) report stated that water quality
Watershed Description degraded to fair conditions in the summer
months. No such seasonal degradation is
The area drained by the Little Flat Brook, now detected. The improvement can possi-
the Big Flat Brook (15 miles long) and the bly be tied to the Annandale Correctional
Flat Brook (10 miles long) is 65 square miles. Institution sewage treatment plant dis-
This brook runs along the western bound- charge which was under enforcement ac-
ary of Sussex County into the Delaware tion in the early 1980s. This surface water
River 1.5 miles downstream of Flat- discharge has been eliminated and a return
brookville. Sub-watersheds include Little to more natural stream conditions has re-
Flat Brook, Big Flat Brook and Flat Brook. sulted.
There are no major population centers, as
most of this area is undeveloped mountain- Biomonitoring has also indicated water
ous forests within state parks, state forests, quality improvements. The benthic
and the Delaware Water Gap National Recre- macroinvertebrate community was indica-
ation Area. tive of a healthy stream with improved
community structure and diversity since
There are many lakes and ponds to accomo- 1977. The slightly elevated presence of pe-
date bathing beaches and recreational fish- riphyton feeders and chlorophyll a levels
ery resources. There are no point sources may show some nutrient enrichment. Pe-
in the watershed. The Flat Brook and its riphlyton levels are also reduced over the
tributaries are classified, for the most part, 1977 to 1985 period.
FW-1 and FW-2 Trout Maintenance. There
are also FW-2 Trout Production and Nontrout The New Jersey Fish, Game, and Wildlife de-
waters. scribe Little Flat Brook, Bears Creek, Flat-
brook, Mill Brook, Shimers Brook, Big Flat
Water Quality Assessment Brook, Parker Brook, Tuttles Brook and
Stony Brook as all supporting healthy cold
The Flat Brook and tributaries contain water fish communities (Flat Brook supports
among the highest quality surface waters in both cold and warm water species). Flat,
the state. Much of the Flat Brook watershed Parker, Tuttles and Stony Brooks are noted
lies within state park and forest boundaries, as maintaining natural trout reproduction
thereby affording the streams protection throughout the year.
from development. Monitoring is conducted
on the Flat Brook near Flatbrookville, which Problem and Goal Assessment
generally represents the 10 mile stretch of
the Flat Brook. Data collected from this sta- Point Source Assessment
tion between 1983 and 1987 indicates water
quality is good. Periodic summertime prob- No point sources are present in the Flat
lems exist because of elevated stream tem- Brook watershed Nonpoint Source
perature for the protection of cold water Assessment. The waters of the Flat Brook
fisheries. Dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform watershed are among the least polluted in
and nutrients were all within appropriate the state. The conversion of summers
State criteria throughout the period of re- homes to year-round dwellings has resulted
view, in some local nonpoint source
contamination from home and road con-
An overall improvement in Flat Brook water struction, suburban runoff and septic sys-
quality has been identified between 1977 tem leachate. Only Little Flat Brook was
and 1987. This improvement is the result of noted as receiving some minor agricultural
increasing dissolved oxygen, and decreas- runoff.
ing nitrogen-containing compounds and

111-83

Goal Assessment

Approximately 30 stream miles of this wa-
tershed is categorized as fully meeting fish
propagation and maintenance goals. Moni-
toring indicates that the Flat Brook appears
to meet the swimmable designated use.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name and
Classification

I Flat Brook near
Flatbrookville,
FW-2 Trout Maintenance

See page 111-88 for a map of the Flat Brook watershed.

111-84

WAlThLRBUALIIDLlEX91UWl~EAL1I z3a810

Flat Brook
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

;OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN IPH :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:
I I I I I I I ICODTO
AVG
:Big Flat WQI :10 : 10 :10 7 5 6 21 12 Good
:B roo k at :.. ._ __ :~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
:Flatbrook- IWORST3: June- July- July- July- June- Sept- August- Nov- 19 Good
:ville !MONTHS: August Sept : Sept : Sept : August : Nov : Oct Jan July-Sept.
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~I I I I I I II

LGEUIII - Ha 9.ruaJAJlyndcJL~teerljA on

wQI Condition Dascription

0-10 Excellent Ho or alnilal pollution: 61-80 roor Pollution In high amounts;
water unes met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 good Gernrelly IoU amountn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extrecely
Poll'ition; water usee high lat-i; severe stream to
periodically not net. stream life; water uses not net.

26-GO Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID insufficient DLAt
moderate to high levels;
certain water uses Prohibited.
01
All Indqx of 20 Ia equivalent to tile level of water quality critrira.

3. PAULINS KILL averaged .14 mg/l. This suggests that the
stream is moderately enriched at this loca-
tion. The Paulins Kill at Balesville experi-
Watershed Description ences deteriorated water quality during
warm weather months, approaching poor
The Paulins Kill drains an area of 172 conditions. Stream temperatures at this
square miles, of which 110 square miles are time may cause periodic stress to the cold-
in Sussex County and 62 square miles are in water fishlife present.
Warren County. This 39 mile long river
runs through western Sussex and northern Reduced levels of phosphorus and fecal col-
Warren Counties to the Delaware River at iform bacteria in the Paulins Kill at
Columbia. Newton and Blairstown are the Blairstown indicate better water quality.
most developed centers of this rural area, Fecal coliform violated state criterion 31
but there is development along Route 15. percent of all values from 1983 to 1987. This
Major tributaries to the Paulins Kill include signifies that primary contact recreation in
Yards Creek, Trout Brook, Blair Creek, the stream is doubtful, although other
Morses Brook, and Culver Brook. Swarts- chemical parameters show generally good
wood Lake, and the Upper and Lower conditions with little nutrient enrichment
Paulins Kill are delineated 'sub-watersheds. and oxygen demands. Elevated stream tem-
Impoundments include Paulins Kill Lake (3 perature during warm weather is common,
miles long, 0.4 square mile surface area), possibly causing stress to cold water fish-
Swartswood Lake, Little Swartswood Lake, eries.
Culvers Lake, and Lake Owassa.
In the upper most reaches of the Paulins
The land use in this watershed is primarily Kill, the East Branch has been evaluated by
agricultural and forested, but there are in- the New Jersey Fish, Game, and Wildlife as
creasing amounts of developed suburban supporting a healthy cold water fish com-
and commerical lands. There are 11 NJPDES munity. The West Branch in contrast, has a
permitted discharges, of which 6 are mu- moderately degraded warm water fishery.
nicipal and 5 are industrial/commercial. The main stem of the Paulins Kill contains
The stream classifications for the Paulins healthy fish communities of both warm and
Kill and tributaries have been identified as cold water species. Melden Brook and Yards
FW-2 Trout Production, FW-2 Trout Mainte- Creek both contain healthy cold water fish
nance, and FW-2 Nontrout. populations; while Culvers Creek support
healthy cold and warm water fish commu-
Water Quality Assessment nities. Of the assessed lakes in the water-
shed; Swartswood, Little Swartswood, and
Water quality of the Paulins Kill improves Paulins Kill Lake, all support warm and cold
in a downstream direction, going from fair water fisheries. Swartswood Lake and Little
quality in the upper watershed to good con- Swartswood Lake are judged to support
ditions in the lower portions. This is based healthy fish communities; Paulins Kill Lake
on ambient monitoring conducted at contains moderately degraded fish popula-
Balesville (upper watershed) and Blairstown tions due to eutrophication.
(lower watershed) representing 10 stream
miles. The Paulins Kill at Balesville experi-
ences water quality problems due to exces-
sive fecal coliform and phosphorus con- Point Source Assessment
centrations. Fecal coliform counts averaged
430 MPN/100 ml over the period of assess- The Upper Paulins Kill, from Newton to
ment, with 69 percent of all values exceed- Paulins Kill Lake, is significantly impacted
ing the primary contact recreation crite- by the Newton sewage treatment facility
rion. Ninety-five percent of all phosphorus which is discharging inadequately treated
values exceeded the .05 mg/i criterion and secondary effluent. Modelling analyses es-

111-86

timations are that up to 95 percent of the ature in summer months may be occurring.
nutrient loading in the Upper Paulins Kill is Increased residential and commercial de-
from this facility. A number of swampy ar- velopment forecasted for the watershed will
eas from which the Paulins Kill flows and undoubtablv impact water aualitv.
the contribution of suburban/agricultural
runoff act to overload the assimilative ca- Monitoring Station List
pacity of the stream. This results in fair
water quality at Balesville and the eutrophi- Map Number Station Name and
cation of Paulins Kill Lake below Balesville. Classification
In the Lower Paulins Kill reduced point
source loadings and increased re-aeration 2 Paulins Kill at Balesville,
and dilution tend to improve water quality. FW-2 Trout Maintenance

Enforcement actions in the watershed in- 3 Paulins Kill at Blairstown,
elude: Blair Academy's discharge (excessive FW-2 Trout Maintenance
phosphorus) to Blair Brook, the Newton STP,
Kittatiny Regional Board of Education STP
discharge (elevated phosphorus and resid-
ual chlorine) to the Paulins Kill, and the
Sussex Co. Service Center STP (elevated
phosphorus) to the Paulins Kill. Some im-
provement to the Paulins Kill in the vicinty
of the Rhone Poulenc facility is expected
now that the discharge has been discontin-
ued.

Nonpoint Source Assessment

The Paulins Kill watershed is assessed to be
experiencing an increase in runoff associ-
ated with rapid suburban land development.
Housing construction site runoff, suburban
surface runoff, as well as heavy winter road
salting, are all suspected to be on the in-
crease. This is coupled with a decline in
agricultural runoff from crop production
activities. Additional water quality degra-
dation has resulted from leachate coming
from Hamms landfill, a problem which al-
though is described as severe at times, is
believed to be on the decline. Nonpoint
sources have caused eutrophication in
many of the lakes in this watershed, in-
cluding Swartswood Lake.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Paulins Kill is not considered
swimmable where monitoring takes place.
However, all waters appear to be meeting
the fish propagation and maintenance des-
ignated use/goal. However, some stress to
cold water fishlife (trout and smallmouth
bass populations) from high water temper-

111-87

FLAT BROOK AND PAULINS KILL

/ WALLKILL RIVER

LOCATION OF BASINS

PEUEST RIVER - -STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
COUNTY BOUNDARIES
-�- ~MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
0 1 2 3 4 ~~~~~~~~~WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
-_____________ WATER~ SAMPLING, STATIONS

SCALE IN MILES

Paulins Kill

WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

iOVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN I'PH :BACTERIAINUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND

Paulins Kill: AVG
at :WQI :i 7 8 30 1 42 :12 9 17 39 Fair
:Balesville _____ ._ _ : __: __: __: __ :: -_ __ _ _ _
:WORST3:July- : June- I August-: July- August- August- Nov- August-58 Fair
:MONTIIS:Sept August Oct Sept Oct Oct Jan Oct July-Sept

:Paulins Kill: AVG a a
:at WQI :14 6 11 16 13 10 6 17
lat ~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 17 1 17 Good
Blairstown _ _ __
aWORST3!July- August-: August-: Nay- June- August- August- Sept- 32 Fair
a:ONTIIS:Sept Oct Oct July :August Oct Oct Nov July-Sept

LAA0uIIIl - Xanntr~u aliixiaadcjc~ a cripjio n
WQI Condition Doncription
0-10 Excellent 11o or ainimal pollution; 61-80 roor P ollution in hlih a-ounts;
uater unes met throughout water uses not met.
the year.
11-25 Good G enerally lo ....ountLa of 81-100 Very roor Pollution occurs at &.tre.ely
rallItIon; water Uses high lev-la: "I'erM stress to
periodically not met. alream mlif: 1 ater uses not mct.

26-60 Fair Pollustion amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
Modarate to big? levesn:
certain water usae prohibited.

At, Index of 20 In equlvalont to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Paulins Kill

DISCHARGE NAME $I NJPDES I RECEIVING WATERS 1 MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

Sussex Co. MUA-Sussex Serv. 0022063 Paulins Kill Frankford Twp./Suss :Municipal
'CT.
Kittatinny Reg. Bd. of Ed. :0028894 'Paulins Kill :Newton Town/Sussex IMunicipal
Schering Corp.-Safety Eval. :0005711 :Paulins Kill ILafayette Twp./Suss 1Ind./Comm.
CT.
Newton STP :0020184 IMoore's Brook INewton Town/Sussex 'Municipal
:Hart+Illif Fuel Oil Co., Inc. 0028819 'Hyper Humus Swan !Newton Town/Sussex 'Ind./Comm.
ILimestone Products of America 0004791 'Paulins Kill Trib. ILafayette Twp./Suss Ind./Comm.
N. Warren Reg. H.S. STP 0031046 'Paulins Kill Blairstwn. Twp/Warr 'Municipal
Blair Academy 10022101 'Blair Creek Blairstwn. Twp/Warr 'Municipal
Sussex Co. BRD Freeholders 10026701 Paulinskill Trib. Frankford Twp./Suss :Municipal
Kennedy Construction Co. 0024163 'Paulins Kill 'Newton/Sussex Industrial
Sussex Co MUA :0050580 :Paulins Kill IHamton/Sussex :Mun
:Rhone-Poulenc 10052272 Paulins Kill ISussex !Ind

(0
----------o------------------------------------- -
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I

4. PEQUESTRIVER the period of review. Total phosphorus was
above the state water quality criterion for
33 percent of all values, indicating moderate
Watershed Description nutrient enrichment. Inorganic nitrogen
exceeded 2.5 mg/l in 25 percent of the sam-
The Pequest River drainage basin is 158 ples collected, and periodic high warm-
square miles. The river itself is 32 miles weather un-ionized ammonia levels were
long and flows from southern Sussex County detected. Stream temperatures averaged
southwest through Warren County to the above the 19 degrees celsius criterion for
Delaware River, downstream of Belvidere. trout maintenance waters during July and
The major tributaries to the Pequest include August; further indicating some stress to
Trout Brook, Beaver Brook, Furnace Brook, cold water fisheries.
and Bear Creek. Sub-watersheds consist of
the Upper and Lower Pequest and Bear Biological monitoring of the Pequest River
Creek. While there are many small lakes at Pequest from 1977 to 1984 for macroin-
and ponds in the watershed, there are no vertebrates has shown some improvements
major impoundments on the Pequest River. in species diversity and the percentage of
pollution intolerant individuals; however,
The Pequest River watershed contains many the stream community is indicative of
recreational areas, with land use being somewhat enriched conditions. Macroin-
heavily forested and agricultural. As with vertebrate and periphyton data show mod-
the other watersheds in the northwestern erately healthy aquatic life.
section of the state, residential and corn-
merical development is intensifying. There Almost all 32 miles of the Pequest are evalu-
are 9 NJPDES permitted discharges here, of ated as supporting a healthy cold water fish
which 3 are municipal and 6 are commer- community. An exception is a channelized
cial/industrial. The water quality classifi- stream in the Vienna-Great Meadows area.
cations are FW-2 Trout Maintenance and Other streams in the watershed assessed in-
FW-2 Nontrout, except for the waterways elude: Kymers's Brook, Barkers Mill Brook,
within the Whittingham Tract, which are Andover Junction Brook, Bear Creek, Jacks-
classified FW-2 Trout Production. burg Creek, Beaver Brook, Furnace Brook,
and Harney Run. They were found to sup-
Water Quality Assessment port healthy fisheries, comprised largely of
cold water species.
The Pequest River is monitored at the town
of Pequest, located in the lower watershed. Bear Creek is further described by the N.J.
Overall water quality of the Pequest at this Division of Fish, Game, and Wildlife as one of
location from 1983 through 1987 can be the best streams in the state for native
characterized as good, although conditions brown trout.
degrade to fair quality during warm-
weather months. The Pequest River in the Problem and Goal Assessment
lower watershed is a cool, fast moving
stream with numerous riffles. Therefore, Point Source Assessment
oxygen reaeration results in sufficient in-
stream dissolved oxygen levels during criti- Point source impacts to the Pequest River
cal periods. Fecal coliform contamination, are thought to be limited. Two new regional
elevated phosphorus and inorganic nitro- sewerage facilities, at Belvidere and Oxford,
gen, and summer water temperatures are have eliminated a number of septic system
the significant water quality problems for problem areas. Enforcement action is
the Pequest River at Pequest. Forty-one underway with the Pequest Sewer Co.
percent of all fecal coliform values exceeded because of excessive chlorine amounts in
200 MPN/100ml, and all values resulted in a their discharge to the river. One hazardous
geometric mean of 110 MPN/100ml during waste site is suspected of contributing

111-91

volatile organics to the Pequest. This is the Monitoring Station List
Southland Corporation site at Great
Meadows. Map Number Station Name and
Classification
Nonpoint Source Assessment
~1 R~Pequest River at Pequest,
The Pequest is impacted by the increasing FW-2 Trout Maintenance
suburban development occuring through-
out the watershed. The Soil Conservation
Service has identified the Pequest system as
having serious sheet and soil erosion rates.
In the upper half, pollution from agricul-
tural activities such as runoff from crop
lands and animal holdings is believed to be
on the decline. In its stead are the in-
creasing effects of housing construction,
suburban runoff, and heavy winter road
salting. The overall result has been a com-
bination of nutrient enrichment, pesticide
and sediment loading, flooding, and elevated
chloride levels in the stream. Nonpoint
source pollution in the lower half of the Pe-
quest is known to arise principally from
housing construction activities. Flooding
has been documented as a problem in
Belvidere (Warren Co.). The most degraded
section of the Pequest is in the Vienna-
Great Meadows area where channelization
has resulted in complete habitat destruction.
Many tributaries in the watershed which
support healthy fisheries do receive some
minor agricultural runoff; two such streams
are Andover Junction Brook and Beaver
Brook.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

Because of bacterial contamination, the
Lower Pequest cannot be considered
swimmable. The Pequest River contains
both Trout Maintenance and Nontrout wa-
ters. Where natural trout populations exist,
summer water quality conditions may cause
periodic stress to the fishlife because of
high stream temperature and nutrient en-
richment. Overall, fish communities of ap-
proximately 80 stream miles are assessed as
healthy and therefore will meet fish propa-
gation and maintenance goal/designated
use. Furnace Brook (approximately 10
miles) currently has a healthy fish commu-
nity, but it is considered threatened.

111-92

PEQUEST RIVER

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

PAULINS KILL

am.~ "~....,~ MUSCONETCONG RIVER

LOCATION OF BASIN

POHATCONG
CREEK

0 1 2 3* 8

SCALE IN MILES

WATELi~ QrlAr TTY_1NMX PROWIIE igiaaL

I'equest River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL

STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH1 :BACTERIAINUTRIENTS: SOLIDS : AMMONIA METALS jAVERAGE AND:
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r~TT~ I
I ~ ~ ~ ~~ I I I i i__.____ULLILY )
AVG
WQI 9 4 12 21 18 12 10 I.D. :19 Good
:request _ __ _
:River at :WORST3: June- J ran- Jan- : July- Nov- : Oct- July- :34 Fair
BFequest :MONTHS! August March : March Sept Jan Dcc Sept July-Sept.
; i i i i ~~-B I B-- I I- I B-- B I

LEGEIIII - Hanlar.uaJLt*-ndczc.Jscacj:1'don

WQI Conditlon Doecription
0-10 Excellent fo or .ilnial pollution: 61-80 roor Pollution In hlth amounts;
"a ter unes met throughout -alter uses not set.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lou Amountl of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extremely
pollutlon; vater uges high levels;: svert stress to
periodically not met. stresa life: water uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
moderate to high levele:
certain water usos prohibited.

An Index of 20 la equivalent to tie level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: PEQUEST RIVER

DISCHARGE NAME 10 NJPDES I RECEIVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

Southland Corp.-Fine Chems. '0005291 'Pequest River :Independence Twp/WrnlInd./Comm.
Pequest Water Co. '0029033 :Pequest River :Allamuchy Twp/Warren:Municipal
Pequest Sewer Co. 10020605 'Pequest River 'Allamuchy Twp/Warren!Municipal
Brockway IMCO, Inc. 10005665 :Pophandusing Creek ,Belvidere Town/Wrn. !Ind./Comm.
Oxford Tex. Finishing Co. 10004901 !Furnace Brook 'Oxford Twp./Warren !Ind./Comm.
Oxford Area Wastewater-TF :0035483 'Pequest River :Oxford Twp./Warren :Municipal
A Gross Candle Co. 10031631 :Delaware River Hope Twp./Warren Thermal
Pequest Fish Hatchery 0033189 'Pequest River Liberty Twp./Warren Industrial
Newton T&M Corp. ,0050954 'Pequest River Fredon Twp./Sussex 'Thermal

-- - I /

\-/

5. POHATCONG CREEK show periodic problems are elevated read-
ings of stream temperatures, inorganic ni-
trogen and un-ionizied ammonia. Stream
Watershed Description temperatures above the 19 degrees Celcius
criteria for trout maintenance streams were
The 28 mile long Pohatcong Creek stretches frequent throughout the June to August pe-
from Independence Township to the riod. Fourteen percent of the un-ionized
Delaware River south of Phillipsburg. It ammonia values were also greater that the
drains a 57 square mile area of southwest- state criterion for protection of coldwater
ern Warren County. The population in this fisheries. These high temperatures and un-
area is centered in the Boroughs of Alpha ionized ammonia levels indicate possible ad-
and Washington. Major tributaries include verse conditions for the native and stocked
Brass Castle Creek, Shabbecong Creek, and trout populations.
Merrill Creek. The only notable impound-
ment in the watershed is the Roaring Rock Pohatcong Creek, Merrill Creek, Brass Castle
Brook Reservoir, although a reservoir for Brook, Buckhorn Creek, and Pohandusing
low-flow augmentation in the Delaware Creek are all assessed as supporting healthy
River is being constructed on Merrill Creek. cold water fish populations. Lopatcong
Creek, adjacent to Pohatcong Creek, con-
The land use in this watershed is predomi- tains a healthy warm water fishery. An
nantly agricultural. There are 6 NJPDES intensive survey of Pohatcong Creek con-
permitted discharges here, 3 of which are ducted in 1984 found elevated lead, man-
municipal and 3 are commercial/industrial. ganese and nickel in fish tissue. The po-
Pohatcong Creek and its tributaries are clas- tential source of the metals was not identi-
sified as FW-2 Trout Production and FW-2 fied. A decrease in macroinvertebrate pop-
Trout Maintenance. ulations as one travels downstream was due
to habitat changes, not to water quality
Water Quality Assessment changes.

Pohatcong Creek is monitored at New Vil- Problem and Goal Assessment
lage for determination of ambient water
quality conditions. Monitoring at this loca- Point Source Assessment
tion is thought to represent approximately
five stream miles. This station is located Pohatcong Creek and tributaries drain a
midway along the stream's length and has predominantly agricultural area with one
found water quality to be marginal, with population center, Washington Borough,
high concentrations of fecal coliform, espe- Warren County. The creek is fairly small
cially during the warmer seasons, moderate and it appears from the water quality data
levels of total phosphorus and elevated that it cannot assimilate the pollution loads
stream temperatures from June through that drain into the stream. The municipal
August. Because of these problems, overall wastewater discharges in the watershed
water quality approaches poor conditions may likely have significant impact on water
during the summer. quality. The High Point Landfill in Wash-
ington Twp., Warren County, is suspected of
Fecal coliform concentrations averaged contaminating Pohatcong Creek with land-
nearly 670 MPN/100ml with 71 percent ex- fill leachate.
ceeding the 200 MPN/100ml criterion.
Summer and early fall values for fecal col- Nonpoint Source Assessment
iform often exceeded 2000 MPN/100ml. Total
phosphorous amounts averaged two times Pohatcong Creek is believed to be impacted
the .1 mg/l state criterion and were above by agricultural runoff from croplands and
this level in 80 percent of all samples col- chicken farms. The Pohatcong Creek water-
lected. Other water quality indicators that shed is known to have among the highest

soil erosion rates in the state. Coupled with
this is intensive suburban development fu-
eled by one-acre zoning. Housing con-
struction, urban surface runoff, plus runoff
from storm sewers is suspected to be con-
tributing to local flooding and the decline
in water quality. Merrill Creek was re-
ported by local officials to have had non-
point source pollution problems in the re-
cent past during the construction of a
reservoir.

Lopatcong Creek is reported to have had se-
vere water quality problems in the past be-
low Harmony which had led to fish kills.
The suspected cause was industrial pollu-
tion. As in the Pohatcong Creek, Lopatcong
Creek is impacted by the increasing degree
of suburban development within the water-
shed, receiving ever increasing quantities
of urban surface runoff and storm sewer
outflow. These are suspected to cause some
water quality degradation as well as flood-
ing. New residential and commercial de-
velopment in many areas of the watershed
will contribute additional runoff problems.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The monitored waters of Pohatcong Creek
will not meet the swimmable designated
use/goal because of high fecal coliform lev-
els. All streams will meet the fish propaga-
tion/maintanence goal, but some waters ap-
pear to be threatened. In the area of
Washington, Pohatcong Creek's fisheries
are threatened because of wastewater dis-
charges, while Merrill Creek's fish commu-
nity is threatened during the construction
of the reservoir.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name and
Classification

1 Pohatcong Creek
at New Village,
FW-2 Trout Maintenance

111-97

POHATCONG CREEK

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT
PEQUEST RIVER

-~- ~ , /MUSCONETCONG RIVER

LEGEND
- - STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
m --COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES 0 2 3 4
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS
SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

Pohatcong Creek
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

i I I I I I I I OVERALL
STATION TtiEMP i OXYGEN p i t BACTERIAINUTRIENTSI SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND

AVG CN1IR
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 I I I N
WQI !10 10 37 26 6 11 is 37 Fair
Pohatcong _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
:Creek at WORST3; July- March- March- June- Nov- August- March- April- :55 Fair
New Village :MONTHS Sept May May August Jan Oct May June July-Sept.
i~~~~~~~~ I I I

LEFLI- WJ~tor~uaJ.�tx~rldcjc.DeahcrlPJIoa

WQI Condition Description
0-10 Excellent 11e or minimal Pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollution in high amounts;
I'lter unes met tLroughout vater uses not met.
the year.
1i-25 Good Generally low amount" of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extr-mely
pollution; watcr uses high icvis: severe strmss to
periodically not met. stresm life; aater uses not met.

26-13 lair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Dats
moderate to high levels;
certain water uses prohibited.

An index of 20 Is equivalent to tile level of woter quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: POHATCONG CREEK
/ -\
DISCHARGE NAME $' NJPDES , RECEIVING WATERS , MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY' TYPE

Pearsall Corp. 0008460 Pohatcong Creek Phillipsburg Tn./Wrn Ind./Comm.
!Windtrust Apts. 10030007 'Pohatcong Creek 'Mt. Laurel/Warren 'Ind./Comm.
:Washington Borough STP 10021113 'Shebbecong Crk. Trib'Washington Boro/Wrn. IMunicipal
'Warren Co. Tech School :0020711 !Pohatcong Creek :Franklin Twp./WarrenlMunicipal
!Belford Seafood Cooperative 10004049 Lopatcong Creek Phillipsburg/Warren 'Ind-Thermal
Phillipsburg, Town of ,0024716 :Lopatcong Creek Phillipsburg/Warren 'Municipal

\ /---- - -i----------------------------
I I I I

I , I ,
I I I , I

I , . . .

O I I I I

6. MUSCONETCONG RIVER cessive nutrients and aquatic weed growth,
they act to remove nutrients from the river.
The only water quality problems in the
Watershed Description Musconetcong River at the outlet of Lake
Hopatcong are elevated stream temperatures
The Musconetcong River drains an area of during the summer months that pose a
about 156 square miles. It is 42 miles long, threat to the cold-water fish populations,
stretching from its headwaters at Lake and periodic phosphorus concentrations
Hopatcong to the Delaware River at that exceed state criterion.
Riegelsville. Parts of Sussex, Warren, Hun-
terdon, and Morris Counties are in the Mus- The Musconetcong River at Lockwood, al-
conetcong drainage basin. The Upper and though having good overall quality, experi-
Lower Musconetcong sub-watersheds com- ences greater water pollution problems
prise the entire watershed. The population with higher phosphorus and fecal coliform
centers in this watershed are the towns of concentrations. Fecal bacteria levels are
Hackettstown, Mt. Olive, and Stanhope. highest during periods of warm weather. At
There is also significant development along this location stream temperatures exceed
the shores of Lakes Hopatcong and Mus- trout maintenance criterion during summer
conetcong. The two major tributaries to the months. The moderately enriched condi-
Musconetcong River are Lubbers Run and tions at Lockwood cause summer water
Beaver Brook. Major impoundments include quality to be classified as fair. The quality
Lake Hopatcong (the largest lake in New of the Musconetcong at Beattystown is sim-
Jersey), Lake Shawnee, Lake Musconeicong, ilar to that at Lockwood, but higher con-
and Cranberry Reservoir. centrations of fecal coliform and total phos-
phorus exceeded water quality criteria in 39
Aside from the aforementioned developed and 73 percent, respectively, of all samples
areas, the rest of the watershed is mostly collected from 1983 through 1987. There are
forests or used for agriculture, although occassionally high un-ionized ammonia
significant development pressures are oc- levels at this location. Elevated warm
curring. There are 22 NJPDES permitted dis- weather stream temperatures are also found
charges here, 10 municipal and 12 com- at Beattystown.
merical/industrial. The water quality of the
Musconetcong and tributaries are classified, The two monitoring stations in the lower
at various locations as FW-1, FW-2 Trout Pro- watershed, near Bloomsbury and at
duction, FW-2 Trout Maintenance, and FW-2 Riegelsville, contain fair quality waters,
Nontrout. having excessive amounts of fecal coliform
and total phosphorus. Other water quality
Water Quality Assessment indicators are not at problematic levels, al-
though stream temperatures in warm
Ambient water quality monitoring of the weather and supersaturated oxygen condi-
Musconetcong River is performed at five lo- tions occassionally exceed their respective
cations. This monitoring represents most of criterion. In addition, one high copper
the river's length. They are, in downstream reading was identified at Riegelsville dur-
order, at the outlet of Lake Hopatcong, at ing the period of review. Biomonitoring in
Lockwood, Beattystown, near Bloomsbury the Musconetcong near Bloomsbury con-
and at Riegelsville. Results from these sta- firms the presence of enriched stream
tions show that the Musconetcong River de- conditions. A high percentage of filter
grades in the downstream direction, going feeders (64 percent) suggest this enrich-
from good overall quality to fair quality in ment, while typical clean water organisms
the lower watershed. The Musconetcong accounted for 59 percent of the total sample.
originates at the outlet of eutrophic Lake Periphyton collection found extremely high
Hopatcong before flowing into Lake Mus- chlorophyll a levels in 1984, but overall,
conetcong. While these two lakes have ex- this measurement has shown a lot of vari-
ability over the years.

111-101

All 42 miles of the Musconetcong is evalu- cutural crop production and pasture land
ated as supporting a healthy fish commu- are on the decline. In contrast, siltation and
nity. The area below Bloomsbury however, erosion from construction activities, nutri-
has had fish kills in the past caused by in- ents and bacteria from septic systems, as
dustrial pollution. The upper approximately well as road salt, and oil and grease from
18 miles of the Musconetcong are catego- highway runoff are all on the increase.
rized as a cold water fishery; the lower 36 or
so miles are classified as containing both Wills Brook, in addition to point sources, also
warm and cold water forms. Other streams suffers from the impacts of construction,
in the watershed including Hances Brook, urban runoff, road runoff, and channeliza-
Stephensburg Brook, Bingalor Brook, Trout tion. They are all assessed to be at severe
Brook, and Lubbers Run were all assessed to and ever growing levels. These have
be healthy cold water fisheries. Willis brought about flooding as well as a decline
Brook in Morris County, also a cold water in water quality. Mine Brook likewise suf-
fishery, is evaluated as moderately de- fers from water quality and flooding prob-
graded. Cranberry Lake, Lake Musconet- lems brought about by growing levels of
cong, and Lake Hopatcong were regarded as construction, highway maintenance runoff,
supporting healthy fish communities. All and channelization. Mine Brook addition-
three support warm water species, while ally receives agricultural runoff from ani-
Cranberry Lake also contains populations of mal holdings, crop land, and pasture land,
cold water fish. all of which apprear to be on the decline.
The runoff arising from the increasing
Problem and Goal Assessment amounts of housing construction activity in
the areas around Trout Brook is believed to
Point Source Assessment be a significant threat to the Hackettstown
fish hatchery, as pointed out by local offi-
The Upper Musconetcong is impacted by in- cials. In addition, this brook has experi-
dustrial point sources in the Hackettstown enced fish kills in the past caused by in-
region. The fish population of Wills Brook dustrial pollution.
in Warren County is degraded by low dis-
solved oxygen brought about by STP efflu- Among the lakes evaluated, Lake Musconet-
ent with inadequate phosphate removal. cong suffers from advanced eutrophication
New Jersey Fish, Game and Wildlife person- linked to suburban runoff. Lake Shawnee
nel have noted that industrial point sources in Morris County is impacted by increasing
are suspected in past fish kills in this sub- housing construction. Lake Hopatcong re-
watershed. ceives a wide range of nonpoint source
pollution; known sources include runoff
Nonpoint Source Assessment from housing and road construction, and
runoff from road and suburban surfaces. A
The upper reaches of the Musconetcong are severe problem with septic system leachate
believed to be receiving increasing has been singled out by local authorities.
amounts of pollution as a result of areawide Well maintained retention basins is a sug-
suburban development. Moderate to severe gested solution made by local authorities.
urban runoff and runoff from construction Lake Hopatcong is also reported to receive
activities are suspected as causing a decline local fuel spills and leaks which have been
in stream water quality and an increase in suspected in fish kills.
lake eutrophication. Heavy winter road
salting is also an areawide problem. In- Designated Use and Goal Assessment
creasing runoff from urban surfaces and
from storm sewers has been singled out as a Approximately 30 of the 35 monitored miles
problem in the Hackettstown area. In the of the Musconetcong River is considered not
lower reaches of the Musconetcong, chemi- swimmable, only the section immediately
cal and bacterial contamination from agri- below Lake Hopatcong will meet this desig-
nated use. The Musconetcong River con-

111- 102

tains generally healthy trout and small-
mouth bass fisheries and is heavy stocked
and utilized by fishermen. As such, the
river will meet the fish maintenance and
propagation use and goal. A section of the
river in the Bloomsbury area, however, is
threatened by industrial pollution. Wills
Brook contains a moderately degraded fish-
eries resource because of wastewater dis-
charges. Hances and Trout Brooks have
healthy fisheries, but they are threatened.
Lakes in the watershed generally support
both the swimmable and fish propaga-
tion/maintenance designated uses.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name and
Classification

1 Musconetcong River at the outle
of Lake Hopatcong,
FW-2 Trout Maintenance

2 Musconetcong River at Lockwood,
FW-2 Trout Maintenance

3 Musconetcong River at
Beattystown,
FW-2 Trout Maintenance

4 Musconetcong River near
B loomsbury,
FW-2 Trout Maintenance

5 Musconetcong River at
Riegelsville,
FW-2 Trout Maintenance

ei-103

MUSCONETCONG RIVER

WALLKILL RIVER
NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

~~~~~~~~~,.,
PEQUEST RI

[N POHATCONG
CREEK ~~~~SOUTH BRANCH
| CREEK /X2Vt RARITAN RIVER

LEGEND
STREAM
- --COUNTY BOUNDARIES
...... MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
0 * WATER SAMPLING STATION

0 24 8
LOCATION OF BASIN SCALE IN MILES

WAXEJ.LQ~UAL,1JLN DEXJIWW~UI LEO 3~ )UL19 0TI

Murconetcong Hiver
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

POVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN I 'llD:ACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:
I I I ~~~~~~~~~I CtITtL
MusconetLong; AVG
River at : WQI : 17 4 6 9 13 6 3 14 14 Good
outlet of _____ ____ ____ ______ ___ ___
:zake : WORST3: June- July- : June- Sept- July- Jan- Jan- March- 30 Fair
Ilopatcong ;MONTHS: August Sept : August Nov Sept March March May June-August

:Musc-netcong: AVG:
:River at WQI :15 7 6 17 17 8 1 17 :19 Good
Lockwood _ _ _ : __: ____ ___: _ _ _ _ _ _
:WORST3: June- Sept- June- June- July- Nov- July- Auff - :39 Fair
MONTHS: August N Nov August August Sept Jan Sept Oct :July-Sept

Mu~llsconreteonrg : AVG,
River at : WQI 14 : s 18 23 8 10 ID 21 Good
Beattystowrl ._ __ _____
:W0RST3: Jutne- May- Feb- July- : July- July- July- :40 Fair
MONTHS: August July April Sept : Sept Sept Sept :June-August
0

:IMuiscole tcong AVG
River near WQI 11 17 16 31 17 8 9 ID 30 Fair
Bloomobury __ __- : _ _ : _ _ : _ : ___ _ __ _ __ __ _
:WORST3: Junn- Feb- Jan- August-: Nov- Nov- June- :43 Fair
:MONTHS: August April March Oc t Jan Jan August :July-Sept

Musronetcong: AVG
:River at : WQI 11 6 12 30 18 8 a 29 :34 Fair

WORSTJ June- March- March- : July- :May- Dec- July- April- :.6 Fair
MONTHS August May :May Sept Ju].y Feb Sept June June-August:

LbakiuII - tialtor~u aULLU;-ndlcX~i a crlDJon

WQI Condition Doacription
0-10 Excellent Nlo or minimal pollution; 61-00 roor Pollution in hlih aeounts;
water uses met throughout water uses not -et.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low amountn of 81-100 Very roor Pollution occurs at w-trr-ely
pollution; wattr usee hixh le-la; severe stress to
periodically not met. stream life; .ater uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID InsuffIcient Data
modorate to highl levels;
certain water uses prohibited.
An Index of 20 is equivalent to tlhe level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: MUSCONETCONG RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGER NAME ,i$ NJPDES RECEIVING WATERS 1MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY! TYPE

:Byraxn Twp. Bd. of Ed. ;0022632 !East Brook 1,Byram/Sussex IMunicipal
:US Mineral Products :0004600 !Musconetcong,,River !Stanhope/Sussex :Ind/Comui
!Our Lady of the LK Rectory ~0026239 jMusconetcong River !Mt. Arlington/Morris:Muflicipal
~Reichold Chem-Cooke Div :0028657 ~Musconetcong River :Mansfield/Warrenl jInd/Comm.
1M&1 liars :0004928 :Musconetoong River !Hackettstown/Warrenl :Ind/Comm
:Hackettstown MUA 0021369 Musconetcong River !Hackettstown/Warrenl Municipal
:Amerace-ESNA Corp. N0004812 :Schooleys MTN. Brook!Washingtonl/Morris Und/Comm
,Diamond Hill Estates SP 10028592 ~Hansen Creek :Mansfield/Warren Municipal
:Garden St. Truck Plaza 0023094 Musconetoong River ~Bloomsbury/HuflterdonlInd/Comm
:Bloomsbury WD 10025569 :Musconetcong River !Bloomsbury/Huflterdon:Muficipal
:Asbury Graphite Mills 10031208 Musconetcong River !Franklin/Warren !Ind/Comm
lReigel Paper Corp-HughesvilleO0OO4421 ~Musconetcong River ILopatcong/Warren :Ind/Comm,
:Musconetcong StA 1 Wills Brook !Byram/Sussex IMunicipal
:Regional West :0035033 !Hatchery Brook HIackettstown/Warren :Ind/Oil-H20:
:Sept/SW

!Musconetcong SA '0027821 Musconetcong River !Mount Olive/Morris !Municipal
;Jefferson TWP ~0021105 :Lake Hopatcong ~Jefferson/Morris Municipal
o ~~Jefferson TWP Rock 1026867 'Mitts Pond :Jefferson/Morris Muni~cipal1
Consolidated School 10021156 :Lakes Hlopatcong !Lake Hopatcong/Morr ;MunicipalI
Advanced Environmental Tech ~0034975 :Willis Brook jMount Olive/Morris :Ind/Storm
Warren Glen Mill 10004448 ~Musconetcong River IHolland/Runterdofl 'Id
USR of Tonix ~~0032247 !Musconetcong River ~Washington/Morris :n
IUSR of Tonix~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :In

--------------------------------------------------------------------

7. DELAWARE RIVER TRIBUTARIES - nutrients with regard to total nitrogen. Un-
HUNTERDON COUNTY ionized ammonia exceeded state water qual-
ity criterion for trout maintenance waters
in 13 percent of all samples, usually in the
Watershed Description period from July through September. pH
values indicate highly alkaline conditions
The tributaries to this 45 mile length of the due to the nature of the region's bedrock
Delaware River include Hakihokake, Hari- material. One cadmium value was above the
hokake, Nishisakowick, Lockatong, Wick- recommended level during the period 1983
echeoke, Alexauken, and Swan Creeks in to 1987.
Hunterdon County; and Moores, Fiddlers, and
Jacobs Creeks in Mercer County. They are
jointly divided into three sub-watersheds: on a number of streams in this area.
Harihohake Creek to Warford Creek, Lopca- Streams with sampling data to 1982 include
tong Creek to Wickechecheoke Creek, and Lockatong Creek, Hakihokake Creek, Hari-
Alexauken Creek to Gold Run. This is a total hokake Creek, Alexauken Creek and Swan
drainage area of 200 square miles, with ap- Creek. Lockatong, Axauken and wan
proximately 75 total stream miles. The Creeks had generally good water quality,
proximately 75 total stream miles. The while Hakihokake and Harihokake Creeks
Delaware and Raritan Canal originates in while Hakihokake and Harihokae Creeks
this area. There are no large population were of fair quality. All the streams had ex-
centers here, but towns evident are Milford cessive fecal coliform, and experienced ele-
Borough, Frenchtown, Sergeantsville, Lam- vated stream temperatures during the sum-
bertville, and Stockton. Two impoundments mer months.
are the Swan Creek Reserviors, East and
arWest and Among the Delaware River tributaries eval-
uated by the Division of Fish, Game and
The land use in this area is primarily agri- Wildlife, Locatong Creek (13 miles) and
cultural and forested with residential and Alexauken Creek (6 miles) have both been
commercial development scattered assessed as supporting healthy cold water
throughout. Residential development is in- fisheries. Wickechoeke Creek (approx. 14
creasing in these small watersheds. There miles), also a cold water fishery, is evaluated
are 11 NJPDES permitted discharges to these as moderately degraded. An intensive sur-
Delaware tributaries. Six are municipal and vey on this latter stream's macroinverte-
five arecommercial/ industrial. The wa- brate community has found a shift from
terways in this section have been classified forms normally present in cold water
FW-1 at Washington's Crossing State Park, streams to species tolerant of extremely
FW-2 Trout Production, FW-2 Trout Mainte- saline conditions.
nance, and FW-2 Nontrout.
nance, and FW2 Nontrout. Problem and Goal Assessment
Water Quality Assessment
Point Source Assessment
Wickecheoke Creek at Stockton is the only
ambient monitoring station on the Delaware Any introduction of pollutants into these
River tributaries between the Musconet- streams can have a deleterious impact, espe-
cong River and Assunpink Creek. The cially during low flow periods. The
streams in this section are small with sum- Delaware Township STP discharge to Wick-
mer flows generally below 20 cfs. Wick- echeoke Creek i under enforcement action
echeoke Creek has overall fair water qua for exceeding its permit limitations for ni-
echeoke Creek has overall fair water qual-
ity, with conditions degrading in late sum- trogen, phosphorus, chlorine residual and
mer to early fall. Water quality problems in BOD removal. An industrial facility located
mer to early fall. Water quality problems in
this creek include elevated stream temper- at the headwaters of Wickecheoke Creek is
atures in warm weather periods, periodic discharging chloride and solids into the
high fecal coliform counts, and excessive stream and may be degrading the fishery by

III1. 107

causing a saline shift in the resident Monitoring Station List
macroinvertebrate population. The Texas
Eastern facility in West Amwell, Hunterdon Map Number Station Name and
Co., is a hazardous waste site and is suspected Classification
to be polluting Alexauken Creek with PCBs,
PHC and dioxin. 1 Wickecheoke Creek
at Stockton,
Nonpoint Assessment FW-2 Trout Maintenance

Locatcong and Wichecheoke Creeks are as-
sessed to be impacted by runoff from crop
land and from pasture land. These agricul-
tural sources are believed to be on the de-
cline and are being replaced by increasing
quantities of runoff from road construc-
tion/maintenance. These streams also re-
ceive occasional septic tank leachate which
is suspected to have contributed to nutrient
enrichment and fecal coliform contamina-
tion.

Alexauken Creek is known to be impacted by
a wide range of nonpoint pollution sources.
Agriculture, specifically crop and pasture
land, contributes fertilizers, soil, and ma-
nure runoff. Suburban runoff from storm
sewers contribute oils, salts, and fecal col-
iform contamination. Alexauken Creek re-
ceives nutrients and fecal bacteria from lo-
cal septic systems.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Delaware River tributaries discussed in
this segment are generally not considered
suitable for primary contact recreation be-
cause of excessive fecal coliform concen-
trations. Lockatong and Alexauken Creeks
meet the fish propagation and maintenance
use/goal (approximately 20 miles), while
Wickecheoke Creek (14 stream miles) is
considered to have a moderately degraded
fisheries, (i.e. partially meeting this desig-
nated use), because of wastewater dis-
charges.

111-108

DELAWARE RIVER TRIBUTARIES
(HUNTERDON/MERCER COUNTIES)

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
MUSCONETCONG INVENTORY REPORT.
RIVER r'

SOUTH BRANCH RARITAN RIVER

MILLSTONE RIVER

ASSUNPINK CREEK

LEGEND
DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL
STREAM
COUNTY BOUNDARIES
------ MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATION.

012 3 4 8

SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

HATERQUA~_BUb~L L~CLNrnn~DElrfL1 ~LM

Delaware River Tributaries
Hfunterdon County WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

i i : I I I I OVERALL
STATION TEMP : OXYGEN ' P11 !BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ I~l~ IT II
AVG
Wickecheoke 1 WQI 1 16 8 12 19 22 9 8 : 21 :29 Fair
Creek at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ __ __
Stockton 1WORST31 June- July- August-! Sept- : Sept- :Jan- July- Sept- :51 Fair
"MONTHS: August Sept 1 Oct Nov Nov March Sept Nov :Aug- Oct

LE;GEWIP - H&to9uaJ~ixJndoxJl)earrstoJ.Iru

WQI Condition Description

0-10 Excellent Ho or minimal pollution; 6I-80 Poor Pollution in high amounts:
-Ater unes met throughout "ater uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally Io- amounta of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occvra at .xtr-mely
pollution; anter urea high levI r; 5~ve stre-s to
periodically not met. stream lifle; .ter uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vsry from ID Insufficient Data
"odurato to high lev lI;
certaln pater uses prohibited.

An indox of 20 in equivalent to tie level of vater quality criteria.
0I

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: DELAWARE TRIBUTARIES
/ -
DISCHARGE NAME '# NJPDES : RECIEVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY' TYPE

Salvation Army-Camp Techmuseh:0023001 :Nishisakawick Creek Alexandria Twp./Hunt Ind./Comm.
'Alexandria Bd. of Ed. 10027553 ;Trib to Nishisa- 'Alexandria Twp./Hunt:Municipal
kawick Creek
Kingwood Twp. Bd. of Ed. :0023311 !Krial Pond :Kingwood Twp./Hunter:Municipal
Delaware Twp. MUA 10027561 'Tributary to Wick- :Delaware Twp./Hunter:Municipal
echeoke Creek
Magnesium Elecktron Inc. 10027537 Wickecheoke Creek Kingwood Twp./Hunter:Ind./Comm.
'Lehigh Fluid Power, Inc. :0036005 :Alexauken Creek :Lambertville/Hunter :Industrial
Homasote Company !0004031 'Gold Run :Ewing Township 'Industrial
IMercer County Airport STP '0023779 'Jacob Creek 'Ewing Township 'Municipal
'General Sullivan Group Inc. :0034321 'Gold Run 'Ewing Township Industrial
,Hopewell Valley Reg. Bd of Ed 0021776 Trib of Delaware R. 'Titusville/Mercer Municipal
County of Mercer Co. Pine :0027715 :Fidler Creek IHopewell/Mercer 'Municipal

\ /

8. ASSUNPINK CREEK quality shows little change throughout the
year.

Watershed Description Assunpink Creek at Trenton contains water
quality conditions that are typical of highly
The Assunpink Creek drains an area of 91 developed urban areas of the state. Fecal
square miles. It is about 25 miles long, and total coliform averaged 622 and 2770
flowing from Millstone Township in Mon- MPN/100ml, respectively. Total phosphorus
mouth County through central Mercer was above the .1 mg/l recommended limit in
County to the Delaware River at Trenton. all samples collected (average levels were
The Upper and Lower Assunpink sub-water- seven times the .1 mg/l criterion). Total in-
sheds comprise the entire Assunpink water- organic nitrogen levels also indicate high
shed. Shabbecunk Creek and Miry Run are nutrient enrichment of the creek. During
the major tributaries to the Assunpink. A 1983 to 1987, the late spring and early sum-
number of impoundments exist along As- mer months found poor water quality con-
sunpink Creek and tributaries for the pur- ditions in the Assunpink.
pose of flood control.
Overall conditions have not changed sig-
Land uses in this watershed are both agri- nificantly since a major regional municipal
cultural/undeveloped and urban/suburban. wastewater facility, which discharges to the
Population is centered in Trenton and sur- creek, initiated advanced treatment.
rounding areas. There are 17 NJPDES per- Biomonitoring of Assunpink Creek at Tren-
mitted discharges here, 2 municipal and 15 ton shows the stream to be highly degraded
commercial/industrial. The waters of the with unfavorable conditions. Macroinver-
Assunpink Creek watershed are classified tebrate sampling has indicated some im-
primarily FW-2 Nontrout with a two mile provement in community structure with a
stretch determined to be FW-2 Trout Main- significant decrease in pollution tolerant
tenance. species and, for the first time, the presence
of pollution intolerant species.
Water Quality Assessment
The upper 16 miles of Assunpink Creek were
Assunpink Creek experiences severe degra- evaluated as supporting a healthy warm
dation in water quality when it flows into water fish community. The lower 6 miles
the Trenton area, based on monitoring near begins to degrade becoming moderately de-
Clarksville and at Trenton. The creek is of graded due to low species diversity and a
overall good quality at Clarksville, upstream lack of game species. This lower portion of
of Trenton. However, below Clarksville As- the Assunpink supports both warm and cold
sunpink Creek is impounded, channelized, water fish forms. New Sharon Branch, a
and subject to significant municipal and in- small tributary also assessed by the Division
dustrial discharges. As a result, water qual- of Fish, Game and Wildlife, contains a
ity is fair to poor in this area. healthy warm water fishery.

The Assunpink near Clarksville drains sub- Problem and Goal Assessment
urban development, and crop and vacant
lands. Water quality problems are limited to Point Source Assessment
excessive phosphorus and periodic high fe-
cal coliform concentrations. Fecal coliform Point source discharges influence water
levels averaged 52 MPN/100ml during the quality conditions in the lower sections of
1983 to 1987 period with 13 percent exceed- Assunpink Creek, especially from White-
ing the 200 MPN/100ml criterion. Total head Mill Pond downstream. Impacts from
phosphorus was above its criterion in 63 point sources above the pond are localized.
percent of all samples collected. Stream

111-112

Nonpoint Source Assessment Monitoring Station List

In the Upper Assunpink watershed an in- Map Number Station Name and
crease in suburban and commercial devel- Classification
opment is currently underway, but water
quality does not appear to have been ad- I Assunpink Creek
versely impacted. Pollution problems may near Clarksville,
be masked by the retention effects of a FW-2 Nontrout
number of impoundments on the creek
which are used for flood control purposes. 2 Assunpink Creek
What problems are conveyed in the moni- at Trenton,
toring data for the Upper Assunpink are FW-2 Nontrout
likely nonpoint source related. Crop pro-
duction in the upstream sections of the As-
sunpink is known to have led to soil erosion
and increasing stream siltation. Further
downstream, agriculture gives way to urban
runoff as the principal source of nonpoint
source contamination, specifically land de-
velopment and urban runoff. In Trenton,
however, water quality degradation is evi-
dent from the large municipal and indus-
trial wastewater contributions to the creek.
These wastewaters, combined with the ef-
fects of stream channelization and nonpoint
sources, result in a water body that cannot
assimilate organic and nutrient loads. The
high bacterial levels are due to urban
runoff.

Evaluated lakes in the Assunpink watershed;
Lake Assunpink, Stone Tavern Lake, Rising
Sun Lake, and Mercer Lake are all believed
to receive some nutrient loading from agri-
cultural and residential runoff.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The fishable goal will be met in the Upper
Assunpink Creek watershed, and partially
met in the Trenton area, (the lower 5 miles).
The highly enriched conditions in the
Lower Assunpink and degraded biological
community indicates that stress occurs to
the warm water fisheries present. The
swimmable goal is partially met at the
Clarksville monitoring location, and not
achieved in the lower reaches.

111-113

ASSUNPINK CREEK

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY

INVENTORY REPORT

) - ,'' MILLSTONE RIVER

CROSSWICKS CREEK

LEGEND
--- STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
_-R - COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

0 1 2 3 4 8

SCALE IN MILES- LOCATION OF BASIN

WAT JIE-WALIX X-JIM9 XZRQE1 LK IED1
Assunpink Creek

WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

;OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN I PH !BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS : AMMONIA METALS IAVERAGE AND:
i ~ ~ ~ ~~I I I I I I I Iururv
:Assunpink AVG

Creek near WQI 4 1 7 8 11 : 30 3 0 5 :16 Good
Clarksville _ : _ : _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ ___
1WORST3:July- July- 1 Sept- 1 July- 1 Dec- : Nov- : Aug- : April- 120 Good
:MONTHS:Sept Sept : Nov Sept : Feb : Jan : Oct June :Dec-Feb

:Assunpink AVG
Creek at : WQI :5 : 12 : 11 44 : 53 : 10 : 3 : 16 :54 Fair
Trenton _ _ : _ _ _ _ _ : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
:WORST3:June- : May- : May- I March- August- March- : May- 1 Nov- :72 Poor
:MONTHSIAUguSt July July : May Oct : May : July : Jan :April-June

LEUEIIII - ~an~.rQuaJ~i~ndoxJ~e.c sripioii

NQI CondItion Doscriptlon

0-10 Excellent No or minimal pollution; 61-80 Foor Pollution in high amounts;
(31 mImter uses set throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low smountn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at estr'mely
pollution: water ures high I-Is; severe stress to
periodically not met. stream life: water uses not met.

26-GO Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
moderate to high leyvei;
certain mster uses prohibIted.

Ai imndex or 20 is equivalent to tie level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: ASSUNPINK CREEK
/ \
DISCHARGE NAME :# NJPDES RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTYI TYPE

Carter-Wallace Inc. 10031429 lAssunpink Creek ITrenton City/Mercer Ind./Comm.
Fermenta Animal Heat 0004502 ISand Run Creek Lawrence Twp./Mercer Ind./Comm.
Hydrocarbon Research: R+D Ctr10032913 jAssunpink Creek :Lawrence Twp./Mercer Ind./Comm.
Trane, DPG 10032832 :Assunpink Creek Hamilton Twp./Mercer Ind./Comm.
Goodall Rubber Co. 10004626 Assunpink Creek Hamilton Twp./Mercer Ind./Comm.
Federated Metals Corp. 10020664 :Assunpink Creek Trenton City/Mercer Ind./Comm.
National Sponge Cushion Co. 0032999 Assunpink Creek ITrenton City/Mercer !Ind./Comm.
Transamerica De Laval-Turbine10004677 Assunpink Creek Hamilton Twp./Mercer Ind./Comm.
lBoro of Roosevelt 10022918 Assunpink Creek IRoosevelt Boro/Momth Municipal
Ewing-Lawrence SA :0024759 jAssunpink Creek Lawrence Twp./MercerlMunicipal
Trenton Internat. Warehouse :0034274 IShabakunk Creek :Ewing Twp/Mercer !Ind.
American Biltrite Inc. 10031895 Assunpink Creek Hamilton Sq./Mercer Thermal
Wenkzel Tile Corp. 10033278 lAssunpink Creek Trenton/Mercer IInd./Comm.
NJ Transit Corp 10061077 :Assunpink Creek Trenton/Mercer Ind.
Delorenzo Transfer Station 10064106 Assunpink Creek ITrenton/Mercer :Ind.
Polychrome Corp 0099066 :Assunpink Creek Hamilton Squ./Mercer Ind.
Exxon Station 0139 :0064297 Pond Run Hamilton Twp./MercerlComm.
ER Squibb & Sons :0027618 IShiptauken Creek Princeton/Mercer Ind
Sterling Drug 10032255 IWallkill River Trenton/Mercer Ind.

-----------------------------------------------------. - - - .---.-

9. CROSSWICKS CREEK Intensive survey results from 1984 shows
nutrient enrichment, with generally high
bacteria counts and low dissolved oxygen
Watershed Description saturation. Nutrient concentrations were
usually higher during low flow periods. In
addition, elevated total residual chlorine
Crosswicks Creek is 25 miles long drains an levels, noticable chlorine odors and chloro-
area of 146 square miles to the Delaware form were found in Upper Crosswicks Creek.
River at Bordentown. It drains sections of Macroinvertebrate sampling of the Upper
Ocean, Burlington, Monmouth, and Mercer Crosswicks Creek watershed also indicate
Counties. The two main population centers generally poor water quality, with pollution
here are Yardville in Mercer County and tolerant organism prevalent throughout.
Bordentown in Burlington County. Major
tributaries include Jumping Brook, Lah- Downstream at Extonville water quality im-
away Creek, North Run, and Doctors Creek proves so that good (overall) to fair
(17 miles long). Sub-watersheds includes (summer period) conditions are present.
Upper and Lower Crosswicks Creeks and Crosswicks Creek, as measured at Extonville,
Doctors Creek. Tides affect this stream up to contains elevated fecal coliform and phos-
the Crosswicks Mill Dam. Allentown Lake, phorus levels, and reduced dissolved oxygen
Oxford Lake, Prospertown Lake, and Im- recorded as percent saturation. Although
laystown Lake are the major impoundments biochemical oxygen demand is periodically
in the Crosswicks Creek watershed. high (over 5.00 mg/l), dissolved oxygen
concentrations were within State criterion.
Important land uses in this watershed in- The low dissolved oxygen saturation levels
elude agricultural, forested, residen- may be due to the ground water contribu-
tial/commercial and military installations. tion to base stream flows. Fecal coliform ge-
There are 14 NJPDES permitted discharges, ometric averages at Extonville from 1983 to
of which 9 are municipal, 3 are commer- 1987 was 223 MPN/100ml; total phosphorus
cial/industrial, and 2 are from the military averaged .25 mg/l with 95 percent of the
installations of McGuire Air Force Base and values greater than the State criterion. In-
Fort Dix. Crosswicks Creek and tributaries organic nitrogen is also occasionally high.
have been classified as FW-1 from the pH readings in the creek fluctuated around
headwaters of Lahaway Creek in the Colliers the neutral level. The results of the discon-
Mill Wildlife Management Area and FW-2 tinued monitoring at Groveville found con-
Nontrout for the rest of the Crosswicks ditions similar to those at Extonville.
Creek system.
Doctors Creek, a major tributary to the
Waeter Quality Assessment Lower Crosswicks Creek, contains fair water
quality as monitored at Allentown. Like
Routine ambient monitoring of Crosswicks Crosswicks Creek, Doctors Creek has water
Creek and tributaries, representing ap- quality problems due to high fecal coliform,
proximately 15 stream miles, is performed at inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus
the following locations: Crosswicks Creek at concentrations. Total phosphorus exceeded
Extonville and Doctors Creek at Allentown. the .1 mg/l State criterion in all of samples
The Ocean County Health Department sam- taken, while fecal coliform was excessive in
ples Crosswicks Creek and selected tribu- 75 percent of all samples. Doctors Creek ex-
taries once yearly. The results of an ambi- periences reduced water quality conditions
ent monitoring station, Crosswicks Creek at during the May to July period.
Groveville, which was discontinued in 1983,
is also briefly presented. Direct assessments of the fish populations of
Crosswicks and Doctors Creeks are not avail-
The Upper Crosswicks Creek watershed ap- able. Neighboring and tributary streams in
pears to be moderately to severely degraded. the watershed however, have been evalu-
ated by the New Jersey Division of Fish,

111-117

Game, and Wildlife. Of these, two adjacent total dissolved solids, and excessive
streams Black Creek (13 miles), and Crafts phosphorus levels in the creek. Rising
Creek (15 miles) were assessed as supporting rates of suburban development in New
healthy warm water fish communities. Egypt has brought about severe problems
Black Creek (4 miles) a tributary to Cross- with septic tank leachate and surface
wicks Creek, was likewise assessed to be in runoff. These have resulted in reports of
the same condition. Duck Creek's warm wa- elevated ammonia and coliform bacteria, as
ter fishery was evaluated to be moderately well as depressed dissolved oxygen levels.
degraded, as was North Run (9 miles), a The lower reaches of Crosswicks Creek, some
tributary to Crosswicks, because of poor bass 7 miles, is known to receive fertilizer, her-
reproduction. An unnamed tributary to bicides, pesticides, and silt loads from ever
Doctors Creek was described as supporting a increasing amounts of crop land runoff. In
healthy warm water fish population. addition, stream bank erosion is suspected
in Crosswicks Creek along stretches of pas-
Problem and Goal Assessment ture land. Severe runoff from suburban
construction sites, storm sewers, as well as
Point Source Assessment road maintenance are noted to be increas-
ing problems. Local septic systems are sus-
Sewage treatment plant effluent, together pected to be causing rising levels of col-
with runoff and other nonpoint sources, is iform contamination. The only declining
suspected of causing nutrient enrichment source of nonpoint source pollution here
and poor water quality in the headwaters of was reported to be that produced by road
Crosswicks Creek. The Wrightstown MUA and bridge construction.
discharge to Crosswicks Creek is under
enforcement action for not meeting permit The 17 mile long Doctors Creek is believed to
limitations. The Hamilton Township STP is receive severe levels of crop land runoff
also currently under NJDEP enforcement carrying fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides,
action because of excessive BOD and and silt. Housing and road construction in
suspended solids in its discharge. The the upstream reaches are suspected to be
facility discharges to Crosswicks Creek just contributing additional silt loads to this
above its confluence with the Delaware stream. North Run is evaluated as receiving
River. A number of hazardous waste sites agricultural and road runoff which are be-
are present in the upper watershed that lieved to be causing water quality degrada-
may be contaminating local surface waters. tion from the effects of nutrient enrich-
They include: McGuire Air Force Base ment and oil and grease. Duck Creek is be-
(aromatic hydrocarbons to South Run), lieved to receive increasing amounts of
Hopkins Farm site (volatile organics and storm sewer effluent. Back Creek is assessed
unknown substances to unnamed trib- as possibly receiving large quantities of
utary), Wilson Farm site (volatile organics runoff from road and housing construction
and unknown substances to Bordens Run), in addition to runoff from suburban sur-
and Goose Farm (volatile organics to un- faces.
named tributary).
Imlaystown and Allentown Lakes were also
Nonpoint Source Assessment evaluated and noted to be receiving high
levels of siltation from local plant nursery
The upper 15 miles of Crosswicks Creek stock operations.
receives pollution from both agriculture
and suburban development. The Soil Designated Use and Goal Assessment
Conservation Service has found agricultural
sheet and rill erosion to be high in the Portions of Crosswicks Creek and tributaries
Crosswicks Creek basin. Severe runoff from will meet the fish propaga-
cropland and housing construction is tion/maintenance goal, but swimmable sta-
known to be responsible for turbidity, high tus can not be assigned to the watershed.
The macroinvertebrate survey of 1984 indi-

II1-1 18

cates that fishlife may be stressed in the
upper watershed, as such this section is
considered to be partially meeting the fish
propagation/maintenance use. In the
Lower Crosswicks Creek this use is met. Fe-
cal coliform counts in streams frequently
exceed the standard for swimming.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name and
Classification

~1 ~ Crosswicks Creek
at Extonville,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 Doctors Creek
at Allentown,
FW-2 Nontrout

111-1 19

'CROSSWICKS CREEK

NEW JERSEY� STATE WATER QUALITY

ASSUNPINK CREEK INVENTORY REPORT

4rs O R TOMS RIVER

RANCOCAS CREEK

LEGEND

- STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
COUNTY BOUNDARIES
.-....- MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES 0 1 2 3 4 8
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS
SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

Crosswicks Creek

WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN P'11 !BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:

!Crosswicks :AVG
creek at WQI :2 21 10 20 27 5 2 10 :24 Good
Extonville _ - _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[WORST3: June- May- April- June- Dec- July- May- April- 37 Fair
MONTHS: August July June August Feb Sept July June June-August;

jDoctors AVG
:Creek at WQI :3 16 13 34 28 4 4 6 32 Fair
:Allentown ______ - :_ : _ _ _ _ _ : _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
:WORST3:June- July- March- Sept- May- Nov- July- Oct- :45 Fair
IMONTIISlAugust Sept May Nov July Jan 1 Sept Dec May-July

LEGEIIII - motaroruaJLIndcxJ.escrlidloi
Wqf Condition boacription
0-1t Excellent lb or minimml pollution: 61-80 roor Pollution In high amounts;
water unes Met throughout water uses not met.
the year.
11-25 Good Generally low amountn or 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at -xtre-ely
pollution; water unen high ie-sl; .svere strfa5 to
periodically not met. stress life; .ater uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounte vary from 1D InsuffIcient Data
moderate to high levels;
cartain *ater unes prohibited.
All Index of 20 Is enuivalent to thle level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: CROSSWICKS AND
ASSISCUNK CREEK
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME :# NJPDES 1RECEIVING WATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
--------------- ---- -----------� - - - - - - - - - - :-----
:Bordentown Cty Disposal Plant;0024678 :Blacks Creek :Bordentown City/Bur.:Municipal
:Yates Indust., Inc. :0004332 :Mile Hollow Brook :Bordentwon City/Bur.:Ind./Comm.
!Hamilton Twp/Independence Ave:0026301 ~Crosswicks Creek !Hamilton Twp./Mercer:Municipal
;Ocean Spray Cranberries, IncJ:0004294 '.Thornton Creek !Bordentown City/Bur.jInd./Comm.
:Garden St. Water Co. :0001198 lCulvert Pond Run :Hamilton Twp./Mercer:Municipal
:N.J. Tpk. Auth.-Area 6N + 6S :0020737 !Crosswicks Creek :Hamilton Twp./Mercer!Municipal
:Bordentwn Twp Mile Hollow STP10024121 :Crosswicks Creek :Bordentown Twp./Bur. Municipal
:Yth. Correct. Inst.-Bordentwn:0026719 :Crosswicks Creek :Bordentown Twp./Bur.:Municipal
:Allentown Borough Water Plant~0030848 :Doctors Creek :Allentown Boro Monm IMunicipal
!Allentown Borough STP :0020206 :Doctors Creek :Allentown Boro Monm :Municipal
:Burlington Twp.- Gorce SQ.SA :0021695 :Assiscunk Creek :Burlington Twp./Bur.!Municipal
:Burlington Twp.- Central Ave :0021709 :Tawners Run :Burlington Twp./Bur. !Municipal
:STP i1
:N. Burlington C. Reg. School :0022381 :Bacon Run :Mansfield Twp./Bur. :Municipal
:District
:Springfield Twp. School STP 10021571 :Barkers Creek :Springfield Twp./Bur:Municipal
ICalif. Villa Mobile Home Pk. :0027511 :Crosswicks Creek MN. Hanover Twp./Bur.!Ind./Comm.
:Wrightstown MUA :0022985 :Crosswicks Creek !Wrightstown Boro/Bur:Municipal
:McGuire A.F.B. 10022578 :South Run :Wrightstown Boro/BurlMunicipal
!US Army-Ft. Dix+Training Ctr. :0004855 :Crosswicks Creek :New Hanover Twp/Bur. :Municipal
lHanover Mobile Home Pk. :0027464 :Crosswicks Creek :N. Hanover Twp./Bur.:Ind./Comm.
:Plumstead Twp. School Dist. :0021407 :Crosswicks Creek :New Egypt/Ocean :Municipal
:Hub Servall Record Mfg. Corp.!OO3195O jHighland Brook ICranbury/Middlesex :Thermal
:Linpro Company :0059838 :Assiscunk :Plainsboro/Middlesex:Ind./Comm.
jIBM Corp.-Card Mfg. Plant :0000426 :Assiscunk :Dayton/Middlesex :Industrial
:McCleon Eng. Labs Inc. :0003794 :Little Bear Creek :Princeton Jct./Mercr:Industrial
lBordentown Water Department :0028649 :Crosswicks Creek :Bordentown/Burlingtn~lndustriaI
Interstate Storage & PipelineOO033677 !Ditch to Assiscunk :Burlington/Burlingtn: Industrial
IKauffman & Minteer Inc. :0032310 jAssiscunk Creek :Jobstown/Burlington :Industrial

------------------------------------------------

10. RANCOCAS CREEK Water Quality Assessment

Ambient water quality monitoring of the
Watershed Description North and South Branches of Rancocas
Creek indicates good to fair conditions, with
The Rancocas Creek watershed is 360 square water quality degradation occurring in the
miles and the largest in south-central New downstream direction. No ambient moni-
Jersey. Of this area, 167 square miles is toring is performed on the tidal mainstem
drained by the North Branch and 144 square Rancocas Creek. The North and South
miles is drained by the South Branch. The Branches have background water quality
North Branch is 31 miles long and is fed by which is indicative of the Pinelands area -
the Greenwood Branch, McDonalds Branch, low pH in the range of 3.5-5.5 SU, and re-
and Mount Misery Brook. The major tribu- duced dissolved oxygen saturation and nu-
taries to the South Branch (27 miles long) trient levels. McDonalds Branch, a tribu-
include the Southwest Branch Rancocas tary of the North Branch, is sampled as part
Creek, Stop the Jade Run, Haynes Creek, and of the National Hydrologic Benchmark Pro-
Friendship Creek. The mainstem flows gram for determining natural or back-
about eight miles and drains an area of ap- ground conditions. This location is in the
proximately 49 square miles before empty- heart of the Pinelands area, and has dis-
ing into the Delaware River at Delanco and solved oxygen saturation averaging 41 per-
Riverside. Tidal influence occurs for about cent and a pH of 4.07 SU from 1983 to 1987.
15 stream miles, extending the entire length
of the mainstream to the dam at Mt. Holly on The North Branch of Rancocas Creek is rou-
the North Branch, Vincentown on the South tinely sampled (in downstream order) at
Branch, and Kirby Mills on the Southwest Browns Mills, Pemberton, and Mt. Holly.
Branch. The Rancocas Creek watershed has Overall water quality at these three loca-
been divided into six sub-watersheds: Upper tions can be characterized as good, with fair
North Branch, Cranberry Branch, Lower conditions during warm weather months at
North Branch, Upper South Branch, South- Browns Mills. Conditions improve at Pem-
west Branch, Lower South Branch and Ran- berton before some degradation at Mt. Holly.
cocas Creek mainstem. Population centers Dissolved oxygen concentrations are ade-
are Pemberton Township, Medford Town- quate for warm-water fisheries in the North
ship, Medford Lakes Borough, Evesham Branch, but percent saturation often falls
Township, Mount Holly, and Willingboro. below 80 percent. Moderate nutrient en-
Major impoundments include Medford Lake, richment is found at both Browns Mills and
Pine Lake, Browns Mills Lake, and Crystal Mt. Holly, as evident in the total phosphorus
Lake. levels and above normal pH values. Total
phosphorus exceeded State criterion in 30
About half this drainage basin is forested, and 83 percent, respectively, at Browns
with the remaining area divided between Mills and Mt. Holly. Fecal coliform counts
agricultural use and urban/suburban. Sig- are comparatively low at Browns Mills and
nificant development is taking place in Pemberton with geometric means under 30
many former agricultural areas. The east- MPN/100ml, but amounts significantly in-
ern part of this watershed drains the crease at Mt. Holly (averages 123
Pinelands Protection Area. There are 24 MPN/100ml with 50 percent greater than
NJPDES permitted discharges here, of which State criterion). One elevated value of each
20 are municipal and four are indus- lead and copper was found at Pemberton
trial/commercial. This watershed has been between 1983 and 1987.
classified FW-Central Pine Barrens, FW-1 for
the waters within the state parks, state The South Branch of Rancocas Creek is of
forests, and wildlife management areas, and good to fair quality as sampled at Vincen-
FW-2 Nontrout. town and Hainesport. During the late
spring period water quality at Hainesport

111-123

degrades to near poor conditions. Both sta- In the tidal Rancocas Creek mainstem a wa-
tions show the effects of man's pollution - ter quality modeling study found excessive
generally high nutrient and fecal bacteria nutrients, elevated algae production and
concentrations. As in the North Branch, highly fluctuating diurnal dissolved oxygen
water quality worsens in a downstream di- concentrations. The study also concluded
rection. Total phosphorus averages .16 mg/l that Delaware River boundary affects were
at Vincentown and .28 mg/l at Hainesport. limited to the western end of the mainstem,
Fecal coliform increased from a geometric and that stream sources (sediments) of oxy-
mean of 73 MPN/100ml at Hainesport to 618 gen demand were greater than those from
MPN/100ml at Vincentown during the point source inputs.
period of review. The low dissolved oxygen
saturation values during the summer may Nonpoint Source Assessment
indicate ground water discharges to base
stream flows. Agricultural and suburban runoff is re-
sponsible for the pH, bacteria, and nutrient
The upper and lower sub-watersheds of the concentrations that are higher than natu-
North Branch of the Rancocas, as well as ral background levels. It is expected that
Cranberry Branch, an 8 mile long tributary the significant development pressures will
to this creek, have been evaluated by the further stress the streams in the Rancocas
New Jersey Division of Fish, Game, and watershed. The Upper North Branch of the
Wildlife as supporting a healthy warm wa- Rancocas receives nonpoint runoff from a
ter fish community. Assessments for the wide assortment of sources; among these are
South Branch of the Rancocas were un- dairy farms, croplands, road and housing
available. However, numerous tributaries to construction, road salting, urban surfaces,
this stream were evaluated. Of these, and storm sewers. Most of these are be-
Friendship Creek (4 miles), Mason Creek (9 lieved to be increasing over time. Local
miles), and Haynes Creek (5 miles) were all fishkills are suspected to be the result of
assessed to be containing healthy warm pollution coming from the spreading of
water fisheries. Mill Creek, 8 miles long, sludge on local farms lands, the L&D Land-
was judged to be supporting a moderately fill, and a hazardous waste site (Syron
degraded warm water fish community. Chemical Co.). The fisheries resource in the
lower reaches of the North Branch are
Problem and Goal Assessment evaluated as being threatened by runoff
from housing construction, road mainte-
Point Source Assessment nance, croplands, and the subsurface infil-
tration of septic wastes. The landfill in
The North and South Branches of Rancocas Pemberton has been described by local au-
Creek suffer from low to moderate amounts thorities as an extreme and increasing
of water pollution. Pollution inputs come threat to local water quality.
from both point and nonpoint sources.
Surface water quality problems in the The fish population of Cranberry Branch, a
Rancocas Creek occur because of the tributary to the North Branch is threatened
following dischargers which are now under by subsurface infiltration of septic wastes.
Department enforcement action: Delran In addition, this stream is also believed to
STP, Mt. Laurel MUA, Hartford Road and receive nonpoint source pollution from
Rancocas STPs, and the Riverside STP. The cropland runoff and from local housing
Pemberton Boro STP has been eliminated construction activities. The fishery in Pow-
with flows now going to the Pemberton ell Run is suspected to be impaired by local
Township facility. The BEMS Landfill is a land disposal of sludge. The Upper South
hazardous waste site suspected of Branch Rancocas is suspected to suffer wa-
contaminating Centribury Lake in ter quality degradation from sod farm
Southampton Township. runoff, road and housing construction, ur-
ban surface runoff, and septic tank
leachate. Furthermore, a landfill in Lum-

111-124

berton is suspected of being a growing FW-2 Nontrout
problem, affecting water quality there.
4 South Branch Rancocas
The Lower South Branch receives much of Creek at Vincentown,
the same nonpoint source pollution as the FW-2 Nontrout
upper reaches including increasing levels
of runoff from housing construction, urban 5 South Branch Rancocas
surfaces, croplands, septic systems, and sur- Creek at Hainesport,
face mining activities. These are all be- FW-2 Nontrout
lieved to be associated with past fish kills
which have occurred in this waterway.

Friendship Creek, Mason Creek, Mill Creek,
all tributaries to the Rancocas, are suspected
to be impacted by road and highway runoff.
Friendship Creek is believed to be further
impacted by a local sanitary landfill, while
Mill Creek is suspected of being affected by
urban runoff.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

Monitoring indicates that of the 25 miles as-
sessed, 15 are marginally swimmable. This
is because of periodic high fecal coliform
counts in the upper portions of both North
and South Branches. The remaining section
appear to be not swimmable. Most of the
evaluated fisheries (55 stream miles) are
healthy and therefore, the streams are
meeting the fish propagation/maintenance
designated use. However, of these 55 miles,
over 30 are considered threatened because
of various pollution problems. Mill Creek
contains a moderately degraded fisheries
and is thought to be partially meeting the
designated use.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

1 North Branch Rancocas
Creek at Browns Mills,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 North Branch Rancocas
Creek at Pemberton,
FW-2 Nontrout

3 North Branch Rancocas
Creek at Mt. Holly,

111- 125

RANCOCAS CREEK

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALIT'
INVENTORY REPORT

CROSSWICK CREEK

PENNSAUKEN CREEK ,C , _ -

oro MULLICA RIVER

LEGEND
.. --- STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
--XP WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
2 3 4 8 � WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

LOCATION OF BASIN SCALE IN MILES

WA'Lh&91JALxTYkN~IXrRQETh1is15iL~8 B1F

Rancocas Creek WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL,
STATION TEMP OXYGEN 1 PH :!BACTERIA;NUTRIENTS; SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:
I I II
NB Rancocas AVG
creek at WQI 3 8 20 6 17 0 a 814 Good
Browns Mills _
:WORST3: July- June- : July- July- July- Dec- July- :31 Fair
MONTHS! Sept August : Sept Sept Sept Feb Sept July-Sept

;NB Rancocas AVG
creek at WQI 2 15 5 10 11 :1 2 0 19 11i Good
Femberton . _ : ___ __ _______ - : _ _ _:-__
:WOST3: June- June- July- May- June- Oct- Oct- 16 Good
MONTHS: August August Sept July August Dec Dec Aug-Oct

NB Rancocas AVG
Creek at WQI 3 10 5 23 25 3 0 14 20 Good
Mt. Holly
WORST3 July- Sept- Feb- Dec- June- Sept- July- :25 Good
MONTHS Sept Nov April Feb August Nov Sept :July-Sept

r'3
SB Rancocas AVG
jCreek at I WQI i 3 20 7 14 21 2 0 16 20 Good
Vincentown 2 __ : __ : ; _ _ : _ _ : _ _ _ _ -
:WORST3: June- June- Oct- Aug- June- June- Oct- :29 Fair
MONTHS: August August Dec Oct August August Dec June-August:

SB3Rancocas AVG
Creek at WQI 3 31 4 4 0 19 :44 Fair
Ilainesport : : __ _: ___ - I I
:WORST31 July- June- I Feb- March--: July- Sept- Jan- 58 Fair
MONTHS: Sept August : April May Sept Nov March :April-June

I.LEiUIIl- I lOu&1Ly.JndcyJCjn acrLII 1 op
FQL Condition Doecrlption

0-10 Excelloent l or elnimal pollution; 61-80 Poor rollutlon In hixh ^-ounts;
Iwater unes met Ltlroushout, 4.ter uses not net.
tha year.

11-25 Good Generally lay enounln of 81-100 Very Poar rellutLon occurs at t.tn-.ely
Pollution: vAler uneee hah 1..sis; s'nera stress to
periodically not aet. stream ills: s.at Uses not aet.

26-GO Fair PollItion anmuntn very romn ID Insufllcient Dats
noderate to hlgh levels:
certain uwter usos prohibited.
An Index of 20 Is equivalont to the level of vater quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: RANCOCAS CREEK
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME 14$ NJPDES :RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Riverside Sewage Plant :0022519 :Rancocas Creek :Riverside Twp./.Bur. :Municipal
:Delran Sewage Treat. Au~th. :0023507 lRancocas Creek :Delran Twp./Bur. :Municipal
:Willingboro Filtration Plant :0030741 N~ill Creek :Willingboro Twp./Bur:Municipal
Willingboro M.U.A. :0023361 :Rancocas Creek :Willingboro Twp./Bur:Municipal
~Mt. Laurel-Interim STP :0025178 :Rancocas Creek !Mt. Laurel Twp./Bur :Municipal
:Moorestown Twp. :0029548 :Kendalls Run-Ranc. !Moorestown Twp./Bur :Municipal
:NJ Tpk. Auth.-4N Serv. Area :0020745 :Parkers Creek jMt. Laurel Twp./Bur IMunicipal
lEvesham MUA 0024031 lRancocas Creek :Evesham Twp./Bur. :Municipal
NMt. Holly S.A. :0024015 :Rancocas Creek :Mt. Holly Twp./Bur. :Municipal
:Mt. Laurel Twp.-Rancocas STP :0023990 :Rancocas Creek :Mt. Laurel Twp./Bur. Municipal
'Elizabethtown Water Co. :0004731 :Rancocas Creek ;Mt. Holly Twp./Bur. ;Ind./Comm.
:Landfill + Development Co. :0033502 :Rancocas Creek :Mt. Holly Twp./Bur. :Ind./Comm.
;Southampton Sew. Treat. Plant: 0023736 :5. Br. Rancocas Crk. ISouthampton Twp/Bur. :Municipal
:Medford WPC Plant :0026832 :S.W. Br. Rancocas Cr~Medford Twp./Burling:Municipal
'Sybron Chem. Div. WWTP :0005509 ;Rancocas Creek ;Pemberton Twp./Bur. !Ind./Comm.
Co :Pemberton Twp. MUA 10024821 :Rancocas Creek :Pemberton Twp./Bur. :Municipal
:Pemberton Twp. H.S. *#I STP :0022438 MN Br. Rancocas Cr. :Pemberton Twp./Bur. :Municipal
!Sunbury Village S. Co. :0027383 :N. Br. Rancocas Crk. Pomberton Twp./Bur. :Municipal
:New Lisbon St. School :0021768 :Rancocas Creek :Woodland Twp./Bur. :Municipal
!Medford Lks. Boro. STP :0021326 !Atna Run :Mdfrd. Lks. Boro/Bur~Municipal
:Pemberton Township Bd. of Ed. 0031011 :N. Br.Rancocas Crk. :Pemberton/Burlington:Municipal
:Moble Homes of Southampton :0028665 :Rancocas Creek :Southampton/Bur. :Municipal
'Stokes of Vincetown Inc. :0033367 :Rancocas Creek IVincetown/Burlington:lndustriaI
:Flanangan Auto Maintenance :063380 :Mason's Creek (Trib :Lumberton/Burlington;Oil/Wtr Sep:
:Facility :to Rancocas)

-/----------------------------------------------

1I . PENNSAUKEN CREEK freshwater streams. The South Branch
Pennsauken Creek has among the worst
water quality in the State. Poor water qual-
Watershed Description ity conditions are found in the stream
throughout the year, with very poor stream
The Pennsauken Creek drains 33 square quality during the summer months. The
miles of southwestern Burlington County South Branch experiences total phosphorus
and northern Camden County. This creek concentrations that average eleven times
flows into the Delaware River near Palmyra, the State criterion, and fecal coliform
New Jersey. The North Branch of the counts with geometric means over 5100
Pennsauken Creek, 10 miles long, is in MPN/10lOOml. Un-ionized ammonia levels ex-
Burlington County; while the South Branch, ceed State criterion for protection of warm-
11 miles long, is the boundary between water fisheries during summer months.
Burlington and Camden Counties. The tide Total inorganic and Kjeldahl nitrogen was
affects the three mile mainstem and the also elevated in almost all samples collected.
first few miles up the branches. Population Five-day biochemical oxygen demand is pe-
is centered around Mt. Laurel, Maple Shade, riodically greater than 10 mg/l indicating
Cherry Hill and downstream of Maple Shade. significant organic loadings in the stream.
Industry is concentrated at the mouth of the Despite this, dissolved oxygen concentra-
Pennsauken Creek. Much of this watershed tions appear to be adequate, but extreme di-
is developed urban/suburban area with the urnal fluctuations can be expected in this
remainder divided between farmland and enriched water system. Dissolved oxygen
forested land. There are 15 NJPDES permit- saturation was usually less than 80 percent,
ted discharges here, 13 of which are mu- and averaged 69 percent during the period
nicipal and two are industrial. Waters have of review.
been classified FW-2 Nontrout.
High levels of chlordane and PCBs in fish
Water Quality Assessment taken from the Pennsauken Creek mainstem
and the South Branch from Strawbridge
Pennsauken Creek water quality is repre- Lake downstream pose a potential health
sentative of a small urban stremrearceiving hazard. As a result, recreational fishing has
sentative of a small urban stream receiving The North
significant amounts of point and nonpoint been banned in these waterways. The North
significant amounts of point and nonpoint
source pollution. Routine monitoring per- Branch Pennsauken Creek was assessed by
sformed on the North Branch Pennsauken the NJ Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife as
formed on the North Branch Pennsauken
Creek near Moorestown and on the South supporting a healthy warm water fish
Branch Pennsauken Creek at Cherry Hill community.
supports this conclusion. Streams in the
Pennsauken Creek watershed contain ex-
tremely high levels of fecal bacteria, nutri- Point Source Assessment
ents, and biochemical oxygen demand. In
addition, elevated concentrations of PCBs
and pesticides have been found in the The severe water quality problems found in
Creek's sediment and fishlife. Pennsauken Creek are due to the large
amount of treated wastewaters and storm-
The North Branch Pennsauken Creek has waters discharged to the stream, combined
fair overall water quality with poor condi- with a limited assimilative capacity of the
tions during low-flow periods (September creek to decompose wastes. Plans for the
through November). Ninety-five percent of elimination of a number of the municipal
the samples collected from 1983 to 1987 treatment discharges and construction of a
contained total phosphorus in excess of the regional facility discharging to the
State criterion. Forty-two percent of the Delaware River, should result in better
samples had fecal coliform counts greater water quality. Dischargers currently under
than the 200 MPN/100ml criterion for enforcement action that are suspected of

111-1 29

having water quality impacts include the Monitoring Station List
Moorestown and Mt. Laurel MUA -
Ramblewood STPs that effect the North Map Number Station Name
Branch Pennsauken Creek, and three and Classification
Cherry Hill STPs to the South Branch.
I South Branch Pennsauken
Nonpoint Source Assessment Creek at Cherry Hill,
FW-2 Nontrout
The North Branch of the Pennsauken (10
stream miles) is evaluated as receiving pol- 2 North Branch Pennsauken
lution from several nonpoint sources in- Creek near Moorestown,
cluding runoff from urban surfaces, road- FW-2 Nontrout
ways, bridge and highway construction
sites; and leachate from landfills. These See page 111-135 for a map of the Pennsauken Creek
sources were assessed as being severe and watershed.
are presently believed to be increasing.
Additional suspected sources, but of less
severity, include construction activities
(declining), storm sewers, an industrial
tract in Palmyra (oil runoff), septic systems,
mining and agricultural sources. Many of
these sources are evaluated by the New Jer-
sey Division of Fish, Game, and Wildlife -as
threatening the health of the fishery re-
sources of the North Branch. Fish kills
have occurred in Pennsauken Creek over
the years.

Two lakes were assessed within the
Pennsauken watershed. Strawbridge Lake
receives urban runoff from a dense devel-
opment of homes, offices, and light indus-
try. This pollution is suspected as having
contributed to fish and duck kills. The other
lake, Memorial, also receives urban surface
runoff causing siltation.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

Limited attainment of clean water goals will
occur in this watershed. Primary contact
recreation is precluded in the waterways,
and the maintenance, and propagation of
aquatic life goal is occurring in the North
Branch, but it is threatened. The South
Branch is considered to have a degraded
fish community because of pollution
sources and habitat destruction. Chlordane
contamination of fish tissue also threatens
the viability of the fisheries.

111- 130

Pennsauken Creek

WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

i i I I I I OV~RALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN P1 :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:

rB AVG :
Penneauken WWI .4 25 6 30 50 9 4 is 50 Fair
:Creeklrat _ _ _ I I
Moorestown :WORST3 June- Sept- April- Oct- May- Dec- July- : Sept- 72 Poor
MONTHS: August Nov June Dec July Feb Sept Nov ]Sept- Nov

SB \AVG :80 Poor\
Pennsauken WQI :2 31 13 66 66 11 13 4 Very Poor
Creek at __: _ _ _
Cherry lill :WORST3 June- : July- : July- : Sept- : June- : Dec- July- Aug- 10OVeryPoor
MONTHS: August Sept Sept Nov August Feb Sept Oct July-Sept
II I

LF.GEIIfl - XnlrQua~LJ.~x~ndcxJ.aoe:rivJ..on
WQl Condition Doacription
0-10 Excellent ?to or minimal pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollution In hleh amounts;
water uses met throughout water usee not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lou Amou n"t of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extremely
pollution; water Ileem high ice-is severe etrece to
periodically not net, stream life; vater uses not met.

26-60 Pair Pollution amounta vary from 10 Insufficent Data
moderate to high leveln:
certain water uses prohibited.

An index of 20 in equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: PENNSAUKEN CREEK

DISCHARGE NAME ,1 NJPDES ' RECIEVING WATERS , MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY TYPE

:Mt Ephraim STP :0023817 ,Little Timber Creek :Mt Ephraim/Camden ,Municipal
,Cadillac Pet Foods Inc ,0031216 IPennsauken Creek ,Pennsauken/Camden JInd/Comm
Camden City: Morris-DelairWTP0031984 :Pennsauken Creek 'Pennsauken/Camden ,Municipal
Merchantville-Pennsauken Parkl 0032093 ,Pennsauken Creek 'Pennsauken/Camden IMunicipal
Maple Shade-Linwood Ave STP ,0028738 ,Pennsauken Creek !Maple Shade/Bur ,Municipal
Cherry HIill-Colwick Crk ,0025127 ,Pennsauken Creek ,Cherry Hill/Camden ,Municipal
'Cherry Hill-Pennsauken Crk ,0025089 Pennsauken Creek Cherry Hill/Camden Municipal
,Moorestown STP :0024996 :Pennsauken Creek :Moorestown/Bur :Municipal
IArmack 10004588 :Pennsauken Creek ,Maple Shade/Bur Ind/Comm
,Maple Shade WD :0025577 IPennsauken Creek IMaple Shade/Bur IMunicipal
IMaple Shade-Main St STP :0028746 1S Br Pennsauken Ck :Maple Shade/Bur :Municipal
IMaple Shade--WP 12 ,0031879 IPennsauken Creek ,Maple Shade/Bur Municipal.
:Mt Laurel--Ramblewood STP 10023981 IPennsauken Creek ,Mt Laurel/Bur : Municipal
,Cherry Hill- Kingston STP ,0025071 :Pennsauken Creek ,Cherry Hill/Camden ,Municipal
,Evesham -Woodstream STP :0024040 ILanding Creek ,Evesham/Bur Municipal

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - ---

12. COOPER RIVER Cooper River reaches Lawnside it has re-
ceived wastewaters from a number of mu-
nicipal treatment facilities. Water quality is
Watershed Description now very poor with extremely high
amounts of nutrients and fecal coliform,
The Cooper River is 16 miles long and its and severely depressed dissolved oxygen.
watershed encompasses an area of 40 square Total phosphorus exceeded State criterion in
miles. The river flows from northwest Cam- all samples collected between 1983 and 1987,
den County to the Delaware River at Camden. and averaged 1.7 mg/l. Total Kjeldahl nitro-
The most significant tributary is Tindale gen and inorganic nitrogen averaged 8.8
Run, on the South.Branch of the Cooper mg/l and 8.4 mg/I, respectively; two to three
River. There is intense development along times the recommended limits. Fecal col-
the mainstem and the areas adjacent to the iform was above the 200 MPN/le.mB crite-
North and South Branches, with the popu- non in 61 percent of all samples. Because of
lation centers being Camden, Cherry Hill, high biochemical oxygen demand in the
Haddonfield, and Haddon. Major impound- stream, dissolved oxygen is frequently be-
ments include Cooper River Lake, Linden low 4.0 mg/l during low-flow and warm
Lake, Hopkins Lake, and Square Circle Lake. weather periods. Un-ionized ammonia con-
centrations are, for the most part, above the
Land use in this watershed is primarily ur- criterion (.05 mg/l) for protection of warm-
ban/suburban. There are 8 NJPDES permit- water fisheries during summer months.
ted discharges here, of which 6 are munici-
pal and two are industrial. The streams' in Downstream at Haddonfield the Cooper River
the watershed have been classified FW-2 is still grossly polluted and in very poor
Nontrout. condition. Phosphorus averages 1.1 mg/l
and nitrogen-containing compounds con-
Water Quality Assessment tinue to be excessive, with levels similar to
those found at Lawnside. Fecal coliform had
Cooper River, like Pennsauken Creek, is a a geometric mean of 1162 MPN/lOOml be-
hy d e ure c tween 1983 and 1987. Dissolved oxygen con-
highly degraded urban stream receiving
significant amount s of sewage treatment ef- centrations were adequate, all above the
signifcluent ant amounts of sewage treatment ef- criterion for nontrout waters. This may be
efomen ond th per .R . M trind due, however, to high primary productivity
performed on the Cooper River at Linden- in the stream. Biomonitoring at Haddonfield
wold, Lawnside and Haddonfield shows that n the stream. Boontorng at Haddonfield
confirms the presence of a very unhealthy
water quality is generally good in the upper stream environment. Ninety-six percent of
stretches of the stream, but rapidly worsens stream envro invertebrates collected were detriti-
to some of the poorest quality surface watersebrates collected were detriti-
in the State as it flows through Camden and vores, with the majority of these Nais spp.
adjoining towns. In addition, pesticide worms.
contamination in stream sediments and
contamination in stream sediments and The Cooper River from Cooper River Lake
fishlife has resulted in a recreational fish- The Cooper Rver from Cooper River Lake
downstream to the confluence with the
ing ban on the Lower Cooper River. Delaware River is closed to recreational
fishing because of chlordane contamination
The Cooper River is sampled at Lindenwold
dict l y bw Ln . Prt iy of fish tissues. Elevated chlordane and PCB
directly below Linden Lake. Partially be- concentrations have also been identified in
cause of settling and detention in the lake, trons have also been diments.fied
the Cooper River emerges as a generally
good quality stream with moderate amounts
.. s Fishery evaluations as performed by the
of nutrients and reduced summertime dis- New Jersey Division of Fish, Game, and
solved oxygen concentrations. Fecal col- . .
solved oxygen concentrations . Fecal col Wildlife in the Cooper River watershed was
iform counts are low, with a geometric
mean of 21 MPN/100 ml from 1983 to 1987. limited to Tindale Run, a 5 mile long tribu-
However, in ojust a fewM miles where the tary to the Cooper River, which was found to
However, in just a few miles where the

111-133

be supporting a healthy warm water fish cessive pollution prohibits the maintenance
population. and propogation of natural biota. Tindale
Run is currently meeting the fish propaga-
Problem and Goal Assessment tion/maintenance goal, but it is threatened
from the various pollution sources.
Point Source Assessment
Monitoring Station List
The water quality problems of the Cooper
River are a result of excessive municipal Map Number Station Name
and industrial wastewater discharges, and Classification
combined with the effects of urban
stormwater runoff and a limited assimilative 3 Cooper River at Lindenwold,
ability of the stream. The Camden County FW-2 Nontrout
UA regional sewerage system will
eventually eliminate most of the discharges 4 Cooper River at Lawnside,
to the Cooper River, but water quality will FW-2 Nontrout
continue to suffer from runoff and benthic
oxygen demands for a number of years. By 5 Cooper River at
the end of 1987 16 local sewage treatment Haddonfield,
plants had been abandoned for the regional FW-2 Nontrout
facility. Dischargers in the watershed that
are under enforcement action for poor
quality wastewaters include the Cherry Hill
Barclay Farm STP, the Cherry Hill Old
Orchard STP, Gardlock Plastics, the New
Jersey Turnpike Authority and Sherwin
Williams (illegal discharge).

Nonpoint Source Assessment

The 16 mile long Cooper River is known to
receive nonpoint source pollution from
roadways and housing construction as well
as from croplands, storm sewers, suburban
surfaces, highway maintenance activities,
various spills, mining activities, and land-
fills. These, combined with point sources,
are cited as contributing to declining water
quality and occassional fish kills in this
river. The fisheries of Tindale Run are be-
lieved to be threatened by urban surface
and road runoff and by local sewage treat-
ment plant effluent.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Cooper River and tributaries partially
meet the swimmable and fish propaga-
tion/maintenance designated uses only in
the headwater reaches. At Lindenwold the
Cooper River is considered marginally
swimmable, but downstream of this location
it is not. In addition, below Lindenwold, ex-

111-134

PENNSAUKEN CREEK, BIG TIMBER CREEK AND COOPER RIVER

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY

! | (X aall2' > t INVENTORY REPORT

1 o CY?- RANCOCAS CREEK

MANTUA CREEK

MANTGREE AT EGG HARBOR RIVER

LEGEND
STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
__. - COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS
SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

HATER-QUALITYAIIDEX RQFILKALJ;aZFa3

Cooper River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN 1 PH :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS !AVERAGE AND!
I I I--------- I I ~T~~3L
:cooper River: AVG
:at : WQi 3 26 5 12 :22 2 : 5 :20 Good
ILindenwold ; ___ _______ ________ ___________
:WORST3; June- Oct- : April- : Oct- : June- Dec- April- :28 Fair
!MONTHS! August : Dec : June Dec August Feb June jAugust-Oct
I : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~I I I I I

:Cooper River: AVG
:at WNjl 3 :56 1 i 48 98 9 21 9 :95VeryPoor:
:Lawnside _: July- I 5! _______
IWORST3 July- June- July- July- Oct- Nov- Sept- Sept- 10OVeryPoor;
:MONTHS! Sept August Sept Sept Dec Jan Nov Nov June-August

:Cooper River: AVG
:at WQI : 4 23 10 46 1 : 11 15 : i s :90 VeryPoor
:Hladdonfield _ _ _ : _ _ _ _:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
aWORST31 July- : Oct- : July- : June- July- Feb- July- : July- !10OVeryPoor
:MONTHS! Sept : Dec : Sept : August Sept April Sept Sept :July-Sept
I ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~ I I

LEGEZIII - WatrO~uakLx~ndcxLDe crlipj.Io
W91 Condition Doecription
0-10 Excellent Ito or mini~al pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollution in high a-ounta:
water uses met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally iou snounto of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at -xtrtmeny
pao "Ition. ,ater ucee high levels: severe atreag to
periodically not met. stream life: ;ater uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounte vary from ID Insufficient Data
mocltrato to high level.;
certain mater uses prohibited.

Au Index of 20 is equivalont to tile level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED- COOPER RIVER
/------------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME 1# NJPDES 1RECEIVING WATERS 1MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY TYPE
------------------- ------i------------ ------------ i------
'Campbell Soup Co 10005053 !Cooper River !Camden/Camden JInd/Comm
iMerchantville-Pennsauken-Brow:0032085 lChandlers Run :Pennsauken/Camden !Municipal
;Collingswood Boro WP :0029564 !Cooper River !Collingswood/Camden !Municipal
:NJ Tpk Auth Area 3S :0020753 :Tindale's Run :Cherry Hill/Camden !Municipal
:Cherry Hill- Stafford STP :0025097 jCooper River : Cherry Hill/Camden !Municipal
,Cherry Hill- Cooper River :0025062 !Cooper River : Cherry Hill/Camden ~Municipal
ICherry Hill-Woodcrest 10025101 ~Cooper River ~ Cherry Hill/Camden ~Municipal
,Cherry Hill- Ashland 10025119 jCooper River Trib jCherry Hill/Camden ~Municipal
~Hussman Refrigerator Co 10003999 Cooper River :Cherry Hill/Camden :Municipal
:Lawnside Sew Util Dept 10020621 Cooper River ILawnside/Camden !Ind/Comm
!Somerdale STP :0021652 lCooper River jSomerdale/Camden !Municipal
:Voorhees- Osage :0022403 :Cooper River- :Voorhees/Camden :Municipal
:Gibbsboro Sew Corp :0026361 :Hilliards Creek !Gibbsboro/Camden :Municipal
:Lindenwold Util Auth :0026409 :Cooper River :Lindenwold/Camden !Municipal
lHaddonfield WWTP :0024503 :Cooper River :Haddonfield/Camden :Municipal
:Haddon~ Twp- Coles Mill Rd STP:0024830 :Cooper River IHaddon/Camden :Municipal
ICherry Hill-Barclay STP :0025046 :Cooper River :Cherry Hill/Camden :Municipal
:Cherry Hill-Old Orchard :0025054 lCooper River :Cherry Hill/Camden :Municipal

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

13. BIG TIMBER CREEK thought to be similar to what was identified
earlier in the decade.

Watershed Description Water quality is appreciably better in the
South Branch Big Timber Creek at Black-
Big Timber Creek drains an area of 63 wood Terrace. However, total phosphorus
square miles. The mainstem and most of the and fecal coliform still generally exceed the
South Branch divide Gloucester and Camden State criteria. The concentrations of total
South Branch divide Gloucester and Camden
Counties before flowing into the Delaware phosphorus average .15 mg/l during the
River near Brooklawn, south of Camden. current period of review, with 73 percent of
Aside from the North and South Branches, the values greater than the State criterion.
(which are 10 and 11 miles long, respec- Fecal coliform exceeded 200 MPN/100ml in
tively), major tributaries include Otter 52 percent of the samples collected. The
Creek, Beaver Brook, and Almohesson Creek. South Branch has adequate dissolved oxygen
The mainstem is less than four miles long. readings, despite the presence of occasion-
The major impoundments are Blackwood ally high biochemical oxygen demand.
Lake, Grenlock Lake, Hirsch Pond, and
Lake, Grenlockashs Lake, Hirsch Pond, and The South Branch of Big Timber Creek (11
miles long) was evaluated by the New Jersey
This watershed is primarily ur- Division of Fish, Game, and Wildlife as sup-
ban/suburban with forests at the headwa- porting a healthy warm water fish commu-
ters and cities at the mouth of Big Timber nity.
Creek. There are 18 NJPDES permitted dis-
charges here, 15 of which are municipal
and 3 are industrial. The waters in the wa-
tershed are FW-2 Nontrout, with the excep-
tion of a small area in a headwater stream
(Mason Run) classified as FW-2 Trout Pro- Big Timber Creek is subject to a variety of
duction. pollution sources. Numerous municipal
wastewater discharges contribute to the
Water Quality Assessment poor conditions in the North Branch, and to
the fair quality of the South Branch.
The South Branch of Big Timber Creek is Thirteen municipal treatment plants in this
currently monitored at Blackwood Terrace, watershed are under DEP enforcement
(this location is thought to represent action for discharging wastewaters in
around 5 stream miles). The North Branch at violation of permit limitations. The
Glendora monitoring station was discontin- regionalization of municipal treatment
ued in 1983. The South Branch is of fair systems in Camden County will, in the long-
water quality throughout the year, while run, eliminate these plants that will result
past monitoring shows the North Branch to in improved water quality conditions. Gems
contain poor water quality. The North Landfill, a national Superfund hazardous
Branch Big Timber Creek experienced de- waste site, is thought to be contaminating
pressed summer dissolved oxygen levels and Holly Run and Briar Lake with a variety of
excessive concentrations of nutrients and organic substances. Clean-up activities are
fecal bacteria. Both total inorganic nitro- currently underway at this site. Fazzio
gen and total phosphorus averaged above Landfill is also suspected of contaminating
recommended criteria. Eighty percent of Big Timber Creek with organic chemicals.
the fecal coliform samples from 1981 to 1983
exceeded the 200 MPN/100ml criterion.
Water quality was found to decline to very
poor conditions during late spring and Urban/suburban runoff are suspected of
early summer. Current conditions are being important contributors to the
elevated nutrients and bacteria in these

III- 138

streams. Big Timber Creek (25 total stream
miles) and Woodbury Creek were evaluated
by local authorities as receiving a wide
range of pollutants from nonpoint sources
including runoff from cropland and feed
lots, road and housing construction, urban
surfaces, surface mining, road
maintenance, eight landfills, septic systems,
waste storage tank leaks, and local spills.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

Attainment of clean water goals is limited in
the Big Timber Creek watershed. The South
Branch Big Timber Creek generally con-
tains healthy warmwater fisheries, but they
are threatened from a variety of pollution
sources. Although the fish propaga-
tion/maintenance goal is assigned to the
remaining streams in the watershed, stress-
ful conditions likely occur in the urbanized
and tidal areas during warm weather. High
fecal coliform levels preclude the use of
these waters for swimming.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

6 South Branch Big Timber
Creek at Blackwood Terrace,
FW-2 Nontrout

See page 111-135 for a map of the Big Timber Creek
watershed.

111- 139

WA~TBLLhUA I~I'Y.ANDE XJJQEII~ElfL33.AU3L1I

Big Timber Creek
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN : PH :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:
I D T-T-1 On -:
SB Big AVG
Timber Creek: WQI 3 13 : 12 : 33 22 4 7 27 Fair
at Blackwood: _ _
Terrace :WORST3 June- June- April- Sept- Sept- Dec- April- Oct- 43 Fair
MONTHS: August August June Nov Nov Feb June Dec Sept-Nov

L4gGEI1I - Hal. crrua1JJri md L.Deancri~ijo~
WQI Condition Doacription
0-10 Excellent 0a, or minlmal pollution; 61-80 poor Pollution in high amounts;
.ater uses met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lou amounts of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at -xtre-mly
pollution; waler uses high levels: severe stress to
periodically not met. stream life: ;wter uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounta very from ID Insufficient Data
moderate to high levels;
o" certain geter uses prohibited.
An Indox of 20 Ia equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

NEWTON CREEK
N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: BIG TIMBER CREEK
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME I# NJPDES ',RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY! TYPE
---------------I-- - -- I ---------------------I------
IGloucester City STP 10026620 :Big Timber Creek 'Gloucester/Camden !Municipal
:Sohio Pipeline Co :0028801 !Unnamed Ditch !West Deptford/Glou !Ind/Comm
B1ellmawr SA :0026743 !Big Timber Creek IBellmawr/Camden IMunicipal
IRunnemede SA !0026859 ;Beaver Brook !Runnemnede/Camden :Municipal
!Gloucester Twp Chws Lndg :0026468 !Big Timber Creek :Gloucester/Camden :Municipal
!Gloucester Blackwood STP :0026476 !Big Timber Creek IGloucester/Camden !Municipal
:Owens-Corning Fiberglass :0004316 jOtter Br. Creek !Barrington/Camden I~nd/Comm
!Barrington SU1 :0026875 :Beaver Brook !Barrington/Camden :Municipal
1Gloueste Mardi~e anor :0026484 iSigney Run !Gloucester/Camden :uiia
IStratford SA :0022624 :N Br of Big Timber CIStratford/Camden :Municipal
:Camden City Hosp Lakeland :0029840 IS BR of Big Timber CIGloucester/Camden :Municipal
!Clementon STP :,0020320 ',Big Timber Creek !Clemernton/Camdei !Municipal
jAlhyde Co :0032336 !Big Timber Creek ITrenton/Mercer !Thermal
lBooklawn STP :0022748 ':Big Timber Creek !Brooklawn/Camden IMunicipal
4 Gloucester MUA :0026492 IN Br Big Timber ',Gloucester/Camden IMunicipal
!Gloucester MUA :0028959 IS Br Big Timber !Gloucester/Camden :Municipal
:Audubon ',0022446 !Newton Creek !Audubon/Camden IMunicipal
lCollingswood 10025526 INewton Creek : Collingswood/Camden :Municipal
!Haddon 10021440 :Newton Creek !Audubon/Camden ~Municipal
:Haddon Heights :'0021229 !Kings Run lladdon H~eights/Camd IMunicipal
;Magnolia SA :0021431 !Otter Br Cr IMagnolia/Camden :Municipal
!Mt. Ephriam 10023817 :Little Timber Cr NMt Ephriam/Camden :Municipal
lWoodlynne :0022012 IN Br of Newton :Woodlynne/Camden ;Municipal
!National Park :0025844 :Woodbury Cr :National Park/Glous !Ind
jDun-rite Sand & Gravel :0035891 :Slab Bridge Bran :Turnersville/Glous ~Ind
:Durkee Food Divi of SCM :0033260 :Wilkens Ditch :West Deptford/Glous IInd
'Gulf Oil/Cumberland Farm :0026026 :Woodbury R lWoodbury/Gloust !Ind
IPolyrez Comp Inc :0004871 :Matthews !Woodbury/Gloust :Thermal

----------------------------------------------------------------------

14. RACCOON CREEK fect on dissolved oxygen levels. pH of the
stream is slightly to moderately acidic.

Watershed Description Fecal coliform counts exceeded State crite-
rion in 33 percent of the samples collected
The Raccoon Creek watershed contains ap- since 1983. The geometric mean for this pe-
proximately 40 square miles and drains riod was 161 MPN/100 ml, with the highest
central Gloucester County. The creek itself counts occurring during the warm weather
is 19 miles long and flows from Elk Town- months. Total phosphorus was above the
ship to the Delaware River, across from State criterion of .1 mg/l in 71 percent of all
Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania. While there samples since 1983 and averaged .24 mg/l.
are several minor tributaries, the only sig- Total inorganic nitrogen was highest dur-
nificant one is the South Branch Raccoon ing the winter season with levels periodi-
Creek. Population centers of this rural area cally over 2.0 mg/l.
are Swedesboro and Mullica Hill. At the
mouth of Raccoon Creek are tidal marshes The approximate 8 miles of the South
and much of the lower half of the creek is Branch Raccoon reek maintains a fish
tidal. Ewan Lake, Mullica Hill Pond, and community evaluated as moderately de-
Swedesboro Lake are among the many small graded. This is the only stream in the wa-
S slakes and ponds of theis area. nystershed evaluated. The approximately 4 mile
long Repaupo Creek, a nearby Delaware
The land use in this watershed is primarily River tributary, was assessed as supporting
agricultural/rural with industries located a healthy warm water fish community.
along the creek's tidal section. However,
there has been recent suburban residential
and commerical development in much of
the watershed. There are 5 NJPDES permit-
ted discharges in the Raccoon Creek water-
shed: 2 municipal and 3 industrial. Waters Raccoon Creek is a moderately enriched
are classified as FW-2 Nontrout and SE-2. waterway, based on the nutrient levels
present. Agricultural runoff and a
Water Quality Assessment municipal point source are the likely
sources of the nutrients. The Mullica Hill
Raccoon Creek is routinely sampled east of STP is proposed for upgrading (with
Swedesboro for ambient water quality. This nitrification) and enlargement as part of
monitoring represents approximately five the Gloucester County UA. A regional
stream miles. Results indicate that the Gloucester County UA sewerage system is
creek is of good quality with conditions also planned for the western sections of the
worsening to fair quality in the summer. watershed that will eliminate the Swedes-
(The 1986 305(b) report identified fair con- boro STP. Chemical Leaman Tank Lines
ditions in the stream throughout the year.) (Logan Township) waste site is contami-
Elevated total phosphorous concentrations nating tidal waters in the western portion
along with moderately excessive fecal col- of the watershed with pesticides and or-
iform counts and inorganic nitrogen levels ganics.
are the water quality problems found in the
creek. Dissolved oxygen appears to be ade-
quate in Raccoon Creek for the mainte-
nance of warm water fisheries, although Raccoon Creek is evaluated as receiving
dissolved oxygen saturation periodically nonpoint source pollution from agricultural
drops below 80 percent. Biochemical oxy- sources as well as that created by suburban
gen demand is usually below 2.5 mg/l and, development. The agricultural sources in-
as a result, should not have a significant ef- dude runoff from crop production, pasture
lands, feed lots, and animal holding areas.

111-142

Suburban, urban, and industrial develop-
ment has led to impacts from housing con-
struction, urban surface runoff, mining,
septic systems, runoff from road mainte-
nance, and occasional chemical spills. All
these impacts as well as the impact of vari-
ous point sources within the watershed are
judged to be gradually increasing and act-
ing to degrade local water quality.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

Raccoon Creek will generally meet the fish
propagation/maintenance goal of the Clean
Water Act, but the South Branch is classified
as partially meeting this goal because of
some fisheries degradation. The creek is not
achieving swimmable status. Elevated fecal
coliformn concentrations occur primarily
during warm weather months rendering
the waters unfit for primary contact recre-
ation.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

1 ~~~Raccoon Creek near
Swedesboro,
FW-2 Nontrout

111-143

MANTUA AND RACCOON CREEKS

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT-

BIG TIMBER CREEK

OLDMANS CREEK

MAURICE RIVER

LEGEND
STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES 3 4
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
WATER SAMPLING STATIONS
SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

WATXLTRAO ULLTYA1 1DEXJ~RQFI L WA9D)B~ VB1

Raccoon Creek
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

COVERALL L
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS! SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND!

Raccoon AVG
Creek near WQI 2 8 9 : uo20 24 0 6 : 16Good
Swedesboro _ __ _ _ : __ _
:WORST3: June- Nov- August-: May- July- August- April- July- 30 Fair
:MONTHS: August Jan Oct July Sept Oct June Sept July-Sept

LEGEiIII - litor...uaJ.Uy~lndcx3~Ieacxipj.Ion

WQL Condition Doncription

0-10 Excellent It or minimal pollution; 61-80 roor Pollution in high amounts;
"s ter unca Met throughout water uses not, et.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low Aeountn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at -xtrtmely
pollution; water uoee high leve-s; severe stress to
periodically not met. stream life; water uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
moderate to high loveln;
01 certain enter uses prohibited.

An index of 20 to equlvalent to tile level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: RACCOON CREEK
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME :# NJPDES 1RECIEVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Rollins Env Ser :0005240 !Raccoon Creek :Logans/Gloucester :Ind/Comm
:Air Prod & Chem Inc :0004278 IClonmell Creek !Paulsboro/GloucesterlInd/Comm
:Swedesboro Borough STP :0022021 !Raccoon Creek :Swedesboro/Glouc Municipal
Atlantic Richfield Co :0023230 :Little Mantua Creek :West Deptford/Glouc !Ind/Comm
:Paulsboro Bourough :0026191 :Mantua Creek :Paulsboro/Glouc !Municipal
:1CI Americas Inc :0033588 :Mantua Creek :Woodbury/Glouc :Id/Comm
~East Greenwich Sew Corp :0030368 INehonsey Creek :East Greenwich/Glouc;Municipal
IHarrison- Mullica Hill STP :0020532 :Raccoon Creek :Harrison/Glouc ;Municipal
:CBS Records :0004413 ~Chestnut Br Trib :Pitman/Glouc :Inid/Comm
:Owens- Illinois Divis Glass C!0005312 :Still Run :Glassboro/Glouc jInd/Comm/Th~
:Ron & Son Mushroom Prod., Inc00O32361 :Still Run :Glassboro/Glouc :Id/Comm
:Delware River Port Authority :0026379 :Raccoom Creek ICamden/Camden ~Ind
IShell Chemical Corp :0035831 :Mantua Creek :Woodbury/Glouc :Id/SW
= Nalco Chem Co :0036153 :Little Mantua Creek :Paulsboro/Glouc :Ind
:Pureland Water Comp :0023299 :Trib to Raccoon Cr :Logan/Glouc ~Ind

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15. OLDMANS CREEK
Problem and Goal Assessment

Watershed Description Point Source Assessment

Oldmans Creek drains an area of 44 square Point source effects in this watershed are
miles and flows on the Coastal Plain to the thought to be limited to the tidal portions of
Delaware River. This creek, 20 miles long, Oldmans Creek. No enforcement activities
marks the boundary between Gloucester and or hazardous waste sites were identified as
Salem Counties. Tidal marshes exist at the impacting the watershed.
mouth of this creek, while the western third
of the creek is tidal. Major tributaries in- Nonpoint Source Assessment
elude Kettle Run and Beaver Creek.
Nonpoint sources are the sole contributors
For the most part, this watershed is agri- to the water quality problems identified in
cultural and forested, with some residential Oldmans Creek. Agricultural sheet and rill
and industrial development. The two NJDPES erosion is considered a high priority in this
permitted discharges are industrial. Old- region by the Soil Conservation Service.
mans Creek and tributaries have been clas- Oldmans Creek is believed to be receiving
sified FW-2 Nontrout, except the tidal por- nonpoint source pollution from agricultural
tions, which are rated SE-1. runoff and suburban development activi-
ties. Sources of agricultural runoff include
Water Quality Assessment crop production, pasture land, and animal
holdings. Suburban sources of pollution in-
Oldmans Creek is routinely monitored at dude runoff from road and housing con-
Porches Mill, it is thought to represent struction, urban surfaces, mining activities
about one-half of the stream's length. Al- and leachate from septic systems. All these
though overall quality is considered good, sources are believed by local officials to be
during late spring and early summer con- responsible for a decline in water quality,
ditions degrade to fair quality. Principal some minor habitat destruction, and are
water quality problems are high fecal col- suspected to be threatening the health of
iform and nutrient concentrations. Fecal the instream fishery.
coliform exceeded State criteria in 52 per-
cent of the samples collected between 1983 Designated Use and Goal Assessment
and 1987, with a geometric mean of 235
MPN/100ml. Bacteria counts are highest in Monitored waters of Oldmans Creek will not
the months May through July. meet the swimmable designated use/goal
because of excessive bacteria levels. The
Nutrient levels are generally elevated creek will achieve the fish propagation
throughout the year. Total phosphorus and goal, although the warm-water fisheries
total inorganic nitrogen averaged .18 and present is considered threatened from non-
2.1 mg/l, respectively. Sixty-five percent of point sources.
the phosphorus values exceeded the .1 mg/l
criteria. Dissolved oxygen concentrations Montoring Station List
are adequate in Oldmans Creek with all val-
ues above 4.0 mg/l. Biochemical oxygen Map Number Station Name and
demand was usually less than 3.0 mg/l. Old- Classifcation
mans Creek is moderately acidic.
1 Oldmans Creek at Porches Mill,
Oldmans Creek has been evaluated by the FW-2 Nontrout
New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and
Wildlife as supporting a healthy warm wa- See page III-152 for a map of the Oldmans Creek
ter fish community. watershed.

111- 147

W ATQUALITYJ~TItDE)LIRQ1ELWJ~i 3zI981i

Oldmans Creek
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

1OVERALL
STATION : TEMP OXYGEN PH ;BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:

:Oldsman AVG
Creek at WQI 2 10 10 27 21 5 :7 20 Good
Porches Mill
WORST3 June- Nov- April- May- June- : August- Feb- August-:28 Fair
MONTHs: August Jan June July I August Oct April Oct May-July

bltUII1- Wa~tor~ualitLl~ncicjL~IscrlipjIoa
1,i Condition Description

0-10 Excellent Ito or minleal pollution; 61-80 roor Pollution in high amounts:
Iwater uses met throughout water uses not set.
the year.

11-25 Good OGnersally lw amounts of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at .etrte-ly
pollution; water uses high levels: severe stress to
Periodlcally not met. stream life: -ster uses not set.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
modorate to high levels;
certain -ater uses prohIbited.

All Inndx of 20 Is equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Qidmans Creek

DISCHARGE NAME :i" NJPDES RECEIVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
_ _ II

:B.F. Goodrich-Chem. Grp. :0004286 1~Ditch to Oldmrxas Trb~nldmans Twp./Salem :Ind./Comm.

':Airc Ind. Gases :0004553 Oldmans,, Twp./Salem :Ind./Comm.
I~~~~~~IL~~~~~~~~~V 1~~~~~~~ I Ivu r rr
I~~~~~ ~~~ I I I
I~ I
I I I I
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I f I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I i
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I I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I I
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I I I I
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II I I
I ~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I I I
f I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I I
r I � ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I I
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= I I - I I I
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(01 1 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I I
I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I I I
t 1 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I
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r ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I I I
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1 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I I I
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-/ II

16. SALEM RIVER for flowing waterways. Total inorganic ni-
trogen was also elevated with 54 percent of
the samples collected greater than 2.0 mg/l.
Watershed Descriptions Fecal coliform counts appear to be highest
during spring. Overall, the geometric mean
The Salem River drains an area of 114 of fecal coliform was 202 MPN/10lOOml be-
square miles and flows 32 miles from Upper tween 1983 and 1987. Fifty percent were
Pittsgrove Township west to Deepwater, above the 200 MPN/100ml level. Dissolved
Pittsgrove Township west to Deepwater,
then south to the Delaware River. This area oxygen, measured as concentration and
lies within Salem County. Much of the percent saturation, is adequate throughout
lower section of the river is tidal. The Up- the year. Stream temperature appears to
per and Lower Salem River sub-watersheds periodically exceed 28 degrees Celcius dur-
comprise the entire watershed. The major ing the summer months indicating that
population center of this area is Salem City. some stress to warm-water fisheries may oc-
Major tributaries to the Salem River include cur.
Mannington Creek, Game Creek, Majors
Run, and Fenwick Creek. There are some At Courses Landing the Salem River con-
ponds on this creek, with a major impound- tains the same problems as at Woodstown,
ment being East Lake. but levels of pollutants are higher. In
spring the quality of the river approaches
Land use in this watershed is about 40 per- poor conditions. Total phosphorus averaged
cent cropland, with the rest being wood- .42 mg/l with all values above the State cri-
land, tidal/freshwater marshes, urban, and terion of .1 mg/l. Total inorganic nitrogen
pasture. Of the 11 NJPDES permitted dis- concentrations are similar to those identi-
charges here, 5 are municipal and 6 are in- fied at Woodstown. The geometric mean of
dustrial. Surface water has been classified fecal coliform was 207 MPN/lOOml. Al-
FW-2 Nontrout, except for the tidal porions, though dissolved oxygen concentrations
which are SE-i. were always above 4.0 mg/l, percent satu-
ration averaged only 78 percent between
Water Quality Assessment 1983 and 1987. Biochemical demand is gen-
erally high in the river with numerous lev-
els over 4.0 mg/1. One elevated concentra-
Ambient water quality monitoring occurs at tion over 4.0 mg/levated c oncentra-
two locations in the Salem River watershed; on of lead was f ound in the river at this lo-
on the Salem River at Woodstown and at
Courses Landing. This monitoring repre-
sents less than 10 stream miles. Based on Landing for periphyton and macro-inver-
sampling from these two locations overall tebrates. Herbivores and filter feeders
water quality conditions are assessed as good dominated the macroinvertebrate sampling
to fair at Woodstown and fair at Courses
Landing. In the short distance between the indicating some nutrient enrichment. The
two stations (approximately 4 miles) condi- with mode rate levels of a saprophilic diatom together
tions degrade from Woodstown to Courses with moderate levels of chlorophyll a also
tioLanding. Both locations contain elevated confirms mild enrichment at this location.
Landing. Both locations contain elevated
fecal coliform and nutrient concentrations.
Fishery evaluations for the Salem River
The Salem River at Woodstown is monitored were not available; rather, assessments
were performed on two Salem River tribu-
at the outlet of Memorial Lake; as such con- we re performed on two Salem River tribu-
ditions are not indicative of true stream
quality. Even with the effects of retention to the Upper Salem was categorized as sup-
in the lake, nutrients and fecal coliform porting a healthy community of warm wa-
bacteria are excessive at the outlet. Total ter fish species. Swedes Run (4 miles) a
phosphorus averaged .27 mg/l during 1983 evaluated as containing a moderately de-
to 1987, over three times the State criterion graded warm water fish communiderately de-
graded warm water fish community.

111- 150

Among the neighboring streams adjacent to levels but have shown little increase over
the Salem River watershed, Alloway Creek time. The fishery resource of Swedes Run, a
and Horse Run were both evaluated as tributary to the Lower Salem is believed to
supporting healthy warm water fisheries. be degraded by the combined inputs of in-
In contrast, Harby Creek (3 mile) and Black dustrial point sources and nonpoint road
Ditch (4 miles) are both assessed as runoff. In addition, local authorities have
containing severely degraded warm water noted that housing developments, storm
fish communities. sewers, and pasturelands all present moder-
ate to severe problems to water quality in
Problem and Goal Assessment Swedes Run.

Point Source Assessment Local officials have pointed out that the
Salem River Watershed contains some 13
The upper watershed of the Salem River landfills, which although at present do not
contains water quality problems resulting produce any "known" impact, do represent a
from the combined effects of point and potential problem and hence should be
nonpoint sources. Although municipal monitored.
discharges in this area meet permit
limitations advanced treatment is necessary Designated Use and Goal Assessment
to improve water quality conditions.
Conditions are thought to be generally poor The Salem River, despite its water quality
in tidal sections of the Salem River. Limited problems, will meet the fish propaga-
assimilative capacity together with tion/maintenance use, but the fisheries
numerous point sources in the lower may be threatened. This is also the case for
watershed are considered to be reasons for Game Run; Swedes Run is considered to be
these conditions. The Salem City STP, which partially meeting this use. The swimmable
discharges to the lower section of the Salem goal is not met at Woodstown and Courses
River, is only a primary treatment facility Landing because of excessive fecal coliform
and is under enforcement action for poor counts in the river.
quality effluent. The plant is scheduled for
upgrading in the next few years. The Monitoring Station List
Woodstown STP is also under enforcement
order. Map Number Station Name
and Classification
Nonpoint Source Assessment
2 Salem River at Woodstown,
The Upper Salem River is believed to be re- FW-2 Nontrout
ceiving occasional, yet increasing, amounts
of nonpoint runoff from agricultural and 3 Salem River at Courses
urban sources. Agricultural sources in- Landing,
clude cropland, feedlots, and animal hold- FW-2 Nontrout
ings. Urban contributors include surface
and road runoff, septic tank leachate,
building construction runoff, and mining
runoff. The agricultural runoff is believed
to be threatening the fishery of Game
Creek, a tributary to the Salem River. The
Lower Salem watershed receives nonpoint
source pollution from croplands, pastures,
feedlots, animal holdings, road and housing
construction sites, septic systems, suburban
surfaces, and road runoff. These sources
are estimated to be at moderate to severe

111-151

OLDSMANS CREEK AND SALEM RIVER

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY

INVENTORY- REPORT

/ / / " -_9o \ RACCOON CREEK

N ',

m} RIVER

LEGEND
---STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
_-- COUNTY BOUNDARIES ".
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

0 1 2 3 4 8

SCALE IN MILES

LOCATION OF BASIN

111- 152

WATJER BlAr.ITY INDEX POFILE 1983-1987
Salem River

WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND!

!Salem River AVG
:at Woodstown: WQI :5 5 14 1 27 27 :5 2 6 :25Good/Fair:
II I I I IIII
:WORST3: June- : May- July- May- 1 Feb- 1 Sept- : May- March- 35 Fair
MONTHS: August : July Sept July April Nov July May :May-July

:Salem River AVG
:at Courses WQI 3 : 33 : 8 : 31 36 7 I 18 45 Fair
:Landing : _ _ _ : : _ _ _ : _ _ _ : _ _ _ I_
WORST3: June- A April- : August-: Jan- Feb- Oct- August- July- 56 Fair
MONTHS: August : June : Oct : March April Dec Oct 1 Sept Feb-April

LEG EIII - riis ~uxlW d~eecxJ~ LI on
WqI Condition Deacription
0-10 Excellent tb or ninlmal pollution: 61-80 Poor Pollution In high amounts:
Cli vmater unes met throughout water uses not met.
the year.
11-25 Good Generally lou ..ountn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extr,.ely
pollution; uster ulea high levels: se.ere stress to
periodically not met. stream life: ;ater uses not met.

26-GO Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
moderata to hlih levelf:
certain water usea Prohibited.
All index of 20 is eqauivaiont to tile level of water qualIty criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Salem River
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME *# NJPDES ;RECIEVING WATERS ;MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Budd Chem Co 0033570 !Delarware R. Trib ~Carney's Pt/Salem :Id/Comm
!N.J. Tph Auth Area Is and in :0020761 !Playton Lake !Oldmans/Salem IMunicipal
:Richman Ice Cream :0004308 jSalem River :Wooktown/Salem :Ind/Comm
~Woodstowm SA !0022250 MRock Brook :Woodstown/Salem !Municipal
:Salem Co Vo Tech Sch ~ 0028797 ~Mavor Run Creek :Mannington/Salem :Ind/Comm
'Mannington Mills, Inc 10005614 ~Pledger Creek :Manninton/Salem :Ind/Comm
!Salem STP 10024856 !Salem River :Sale-m/Salem Municipal
:Anchor Glass Containers Corp 10005151 :Salem River :Salem/Salem !Therm
:ALU- Chem Inc ~0052400 :Lower Salem River ~Salem/Salem ~ Thermal
;Salem WTP, City of ~ 0035742 :Keasbey Creek :Salem N un
:Lower Alloways Tep Hancock :0050423 ~Alloways Creek ~Lower Alloway/Salem :Id

(~------------------------------------------------

17. COHANSEY RIVER drops below 80 percent. Biochemical oxy-
gen demand is low to moderate in this wa-
tershed. Within the two subwatersheds of
Watershed Description the Cohansey River, fishery evaluations
were available on Clarks Run, a four mile
The Cohansey River is nearly 30 miles long tributary to the Upper Cohansey, and Mill
draining 105 square miles of eastern Salem Creek, a five mile long tributary to the
County to the Delaware Bay. This is an area Lower Cohansey. Both streams are assessed
of very low relief which results in numer- by the New Jersey Division of Fish, Game
ous small tributaries. Sunset Lake and Mary and Wildlife as supporting healthy warm
Elmer Lake are among 10 major impound- water fish communities.
ments in this drainage basin. The largest
population center is Bridgeton. The river is Problem and Goal Assessment
tidal from Bridgeton. The Cohansey con-
tains two sub-watersheds: the Upper and Point Source Assessment
Lower sections of the watershed.
The Cohansey River watershed has some
The main land use of this watershed is agri- impacts from point sources, but they are not
culture, but much of this area is forested. clearly defined. The presence of municipal
There are four NJPDES permitted discharges and industrial point sources likely
here, two are industrial and two are mu- influences local water quality conditions.
nicipal. Waterways are classified FW-2 There are no enforcement actions or
Nontrout, except those portions that are' SE-1 hazardous waste sites in the watershed that
(downstream of Sunset Lake) and FW-1 are suspected of impacting surface water
(within State parks and wildlife manage- quality.
ment areas).
ment areas). Nonpoint Source Assessment
Water Quality Assessment
Nonpoint source pollution, most likely from
Ambient monitoring is conducted on the agriculture, is the probable cause of the
Cohansey River at Seeley as part of the moderately degraded water quality in the
USGS/DEP Primary Network. Results from Cohansey River at Seeley. Numerous non-
this monitoring shows that about 5 miles of point pollution sources are known to impact
the Upper Cohansey River is of fair quality the Upper Cohansey River and have re-
with conditions worsening somewhat dur- sulted in siltation and the impairment of the
ing the early summer months. The reasons local fisheries. Pollution sources include
for the moderate water quality are gener- both agricultural and suburban develop-
ally high fecal coliform and nutrient levels. ment activities; specific sources include
Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus occur runoff from croplands (increasing), pas-
in elevated concentrations. Total phospho- ture lands, feedlots, housing developments,
rus has averaged .1 mg/l since 1983 with 77 roads and urban surfaces. In addition, sep-
percent above the .05 mg/l criterion for tic systems have been described by local
waters flowing into lakes and impound- authorities in this region as creating a se-
ments. Total inorganic nitrogen averaged vere water quality problem. Landfills too
4.2 mg/l during this period, with all read- are noted as a potential problem, yet their
ings greater than 2.0 mg/l.. actual impact on local waterways at the pre-
sent time is not known.
Fifty-nine percent of the fecal coliform
samples between 1983 and 1987 were greater Impacts in the Lower Cohansey watershed
than the 200 MPN/100ml level. Dissolved are much the same. Suspected sources, both
oxygen concentrations are above the 4.0 agricultural and urban, include runoff
mg/l warm-water criterion throughout the from crop production, pasture lands, feed-
year, but percent saturation periodically lots, animal holdings, tree harvesting, ur-

ban surfaces, expanding housing construc-
tion, road maintenance runoff, surface
mining, as well as leachate from septic sys-
tems. Of these sources: cropland runoff, an
increasing problem in the sub-watershed, is
known to have brought about the degrada-
tion of local fishing and shellfish harvest-
ing waters. Here as in the Upper Cohansey,
landfills are noted as an increasing poten-
tial problem.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Cohansey River will not meet the
swimmable goal of the Clean Water Act
based on monitoring at Seeley. The river
and tributaries will meet the fish propaga-
tion and maintenance goal. In the tidal
sections it will not achieve the shellfish
harvesting designated use because of exces-
sive bacteria levels.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

3 Cohansey River at Seeley,
FW-2 Nontrout

See page 111-162 for a map of the Cohansey
watershed.

111-156

WIALINYITiDEXFRO 1Iaa
Cohansey River

WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

~OVERALL
STATION 1 TEMP 1 OXYGEN PH :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONI A METALS :AVERAGE AND:
I I I I I I I I~~~~~~~~~~~rnnT~n
____ i i i I I gYVL~LL
:Cohansey AVG
River at WQI 2 9 4 29 :48 :5 0 7 38Fair
lurrlrJ i I I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~I I i II- - - - - - -
:Seeley 'ue ______
WCRST: June- : July- : Nov- : May- : Nov- : Nov- : March- :54 Fair
MONTHS: August Sept Jan : July : Jan : Jan : May :May-July
i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ I I I I I I I-� - -- -~

LEGclIII - Xoterz~uaLL~tx Index DeacriojL.Ion

WQ1 Condition Doecription

0-10 Excellent Ilt or minimal pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollution in high saounts;
hater uses net throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lo. amountn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extrtmely
iollution; water usen high ieveas; sfvere stress to
periodically not met. stream life: -ater uses not met.
-4
26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from 10 Insufficient Data
moderate to high levels:
certain water uses prohibited.

All Index of 20 La equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Cohansey River
/ -
DISCHARGE NAME ' NJPDES ' RECEIVING WATERS , MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY TYPE
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . , _ _ _
CCUA: Cohansey R. Basin Plant 0024651 Cohansey River Bridgeton Cty/Cumlnd Municipal
Petrunis Realty Co. 0025992 Cohansey River Bridgeton Cty/Cumlnd Mun/Strmwtr
Seabrook Brothers & Sons 0033066 South Branch Fos Seabrook/Cumblnd. Thermal
Seabrook Plant ,0062731 f 'Upper DeerField Twp Industrial

\ . /
I .

- - , -
I i I
I I I I
, ,, I|

\ /

18. MAURICE RIVER cent of the samples at Norma and Millville,
respectively. While at Norma contains oc-
cassionally high inorganic nitrogen, this
Watershed Description indicator was elevated in nearly three-
quarters of the samples collected between
The Maurice River has a drainage area of 1983 and 1987. The only other water quality
386 square miles and meanders south for 50 problem measured at these stations is occas-
miles through Cumberland County to the sional dissolved oxygen saturation mea-
Delaware Bay. The population centers are surements below 80 percent. Biochemical
Vineland and Millville. The major tribu- oxygen demand is usually under 2.0 mg/l.
taries of this river are Scotland Run, Man-
antico Creek, Muskie Creek, Muddy Run, and Intensive surveys were performed on two
the Manumuskin River. There are about 20 tributaries in 1984 to determine the impacts
major lakes in this area, with Union Lake of industrial discharges that were under en-
being the largest. The river is tidal below forceemnt action. In Scotland Run levels of
Union Lake. The Maurice River drainage lead, zinc and copper were higher in the
has been segmented into nine sub-water- stream below the metal plating industry
sheds: Still Run, Scotland Run, Upper Mau- being investigated. Concentrations of
rice River, Muddy Run, Union Lake, Mau- chromium in fish tissue were also unnatu-
rice River below Union Lake, Manantico rally high. In the Hudson Branch, a metal
Creek, Manumuskin Creek and Lower Mau- refining operation caused excessive total
rice River. and hexavalent chromium in the water col-
umn and sediments. Severe degradation of
Principal land use in this watershed is agri- the macroinvertebrate community was also
culture, with much of the area forested. Of detected.
the 17 NJPDES permitted discharges in the
watershed 1 is municipal while 16 are in- Biomonitoring performed at Millville has
dustrial/commercial. The Maurice water- found generally favorable conditions for
shed is primarily classified FW-2 Nontrout, streamlife. Periphyton productivity is low
with some SE-1 and FW-1. with a diverse community representative of
a mildly acidic environment. Macroinver-
Water Quality Assessment tebrate community structure also indicates
generally healthy conditions.
The Maurice River is monitored at Norma
Thand near Millville for ambient water qua Fishery evaluations were performed on sev-
and near Millville for ambient water qual- eral tributaries to the Maurice River. Of
ity, representing approximately 10 stream eral tributaries to the Maurice River. Of
miles. Both locations have good to excellent those entering the Maurice above Union
water quality, although at Millville condi- Lake, Reeds Branch, and Thundergust Brook
tions degrade to fair quality during late were judged to be supporting healthy warm
winter. However, stream degradation is water fisheries. Scotland Run, 12 miles
thought to occur in the Maurice River be- long, and Blackwater Branch, 8 miles long,
low Union Lake, but no monitoring is per- were assessed as supporting healthy popu-
low Union Lake, but no mlations of both warm and cold water fish
formed to substantiate this conclusion. In lations of both warm and cold water fish
the lower tidal sections of the Maurice species. The Mill Creek warm water fishery,
River, bacterial contamination of shellfish 5 miles long, was evaluated as moderately
growing areas has resulted in the con- degraded due to the impact of agricultural
growidemned status of these waters. and highway runoff. Of the tributaries be-
low Union Lake, Buckshuten Creek, (7 miles
The Upper Maurice River, as monitored at long) Manantico Creek (10 miles) and Bowk-
Norma and near Millville, contains very low ers Run were all assessed as supporting
fecal coliform levels and moderate amounts healthy warm water fish communities. Big
of nutrients. Total phosphorus was above Neal Branch, a 3 mile long tributary to the
appropriate State criteria in 19 and 36 per- Manumuskin River, was also evaluated as
supporting a healthy warm water fishery.

Problem and Goal Assessment ban nonpoint source pollution; sources in-
clude runoff from crop production, tree
Point Source Assessment harvesting, road and home construction,
road maintenance and runoff. Additional
The good water quality conditions of the pollution sources include sludge disposal
Upper Maurice River indicate few pollution activities and local landfills. This runoff is
problems. However, enforcement activities suspected to be contributing to a general
are underway in this watershed. Facilities decline in water quality and to fish kills in
under enforcement that are impacting the Upper Maurice River.
surface waters include Landis SA discharge
(actually a ground discharge) to Parvins Farther downstream in the area surround-
Branch and the Millville STP discharge to ing Union Lake, runoff is believed to be
the Maurice River. The NJ Division of Fish, coming from urban storm sewers, urban
Game and Wildlife believes the Maurice surfaces, sludge disposal sites, landfills, haz-
River above Union Lake is suspected to be ardous waste sites, and dam construction ac-
impacted by increasing quantities of in- tivities, all of which are estimated to be on
dustrial and municipal point source waste the rise. Additional sources reported are
waters, both of which are believed to be surface mining, road maintenance, and
contributing to declining water quality and housing construction. Below Union Lake,
causing local fish kills. Additionally, a mu- pollution from storm sewers and urban sur-
nicipal treatment plant is suspected of be- faces, while estimated to be on the decline,
ing the cause of bathing beach closures in is believed to have contributed to the im-
the Upper Maurice. In the Lower Maufice pairment of shellfish harvesting areas
River point source effluents are believed to further downstream. In this region also,
have led to the impairments of shellfish landfills are viewed as a possible source of
harvesting waters. pollution whose actual impact upon local
waters is not yet known. Other suspected
Hazardous waste sites contaminating surface sources of nonpoint pollution are tree har-
waters include the Vineland Chemical Cor- vesting activities, home construction, urban
poration site and Shield Alloy. The Vineland and road surfaces, dredging and septic sys-
Chemical Corporation has caused widespread tems. Of the two large tributaries to the
arsenic contamination of sediments in Lower Maurice, Manantico Creek receives
Union Lake, while Shield Alloy is contami- occasional runoff from croplands, con-
nating Hudsons Branch with chromium. struction sites, urban surfaces, storm sew-
ers, tree harvesting, as well as from what is
Nonpoint Source Assessment estimated to be increasing levels of road
construction and maintenance. Mana-
In the northern most assessed areas of the muskin River is believed to receive pollu-
Maurice River watershed are the sub-water- tion in its headwaters from croplands
sheds of Still Run and Scotland Run. Tribu- (estimated to be in decline), and is impacted
taries to Still Run, Little Ease Run, and Reeds in its mainstem by road construction, road
Branch are believed to be receiving storm runoff, suburban surface runoff, landfills,
water runoff. Still Run is suspected of suf- and dredging. To the west a third tributary,
fering fish kills and overall water quality Muddy Run, is suspected of experiencing
degradation from moderate to large quanti- water quality degradation from what is be-
ties of both agricultural and urban non- lieved to be moderate to severe levels of
point source pollution. Suspected sources cropland and pastureland runoff, as well as
impacting this waterway, as well as to Scot- pollution from road and housing construc-
land Run, are septic tank leachate, runoff tion sites, surface mining, and sludge dis-
from crop and pasture lands, urban sur- posal.
faces, road and home construction, and road
maintenance. The Upper Maurice River it-
self receives both agricultural and subur-

Ili- 160

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Maurice River at Norma and near Mil-
Iville is considered to be meeting the
swimmable designated use, based on moni-
toring information. The river is also con-
sidered to be achieving the fish propaga-
tion/maintenance use, but some sections
may be threatened from various pollution
sources. The tributaries are classified as
either fully meeting this use (30 miles),
fully meeting but threatened (30 miles) or
partially meeting the use (15 miles). The
tidal sections of the Maurice River are con-
demned for shellfish harvesting.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

I Maurice River at Norma,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 Maurice River near
Millville,
FW-2 Nontrout

COHANSEY AND MAURICE RIVERS

I> V'NEW JERSEY' STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

ALLOWAYS CREEK --

GREAT EGG HARBOR RIVER

DELAWARE BAY X

LOCATION OF BASIN
DELAWARE BAYCs\

WATE Q1JUAL ITY-1 NI)EX-11WIF ILEIDD 3--12 0 7-

Mauric~e River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN pH :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:
I I I I ~~~I : NP T~L
Maurice AVG
River at WOI 2 14 3 7 14 2 0 7 7 Excellent:
Norma
WORST3: June- May- Feb- July- Nov- Sept- April- 11Good/Exc
MONTHIS August July April Sept Jan Nov June May-July

Maurice AVG
River near WQI 2 20 3 11 24 3 11 :18 Good
Miliville ___ -_ ____ __: ___-_ 1 ___
:WORST31 June- I March- June- Oct- : Dec- August- I June- 1 Oct- :34 Fair
MONTHS: August May August Dec : Feb Oct August Dec :Jan-March
I I I II I II

tE;GEIII- )iator-UuaLLkeJndcx.JteacrlpLdvm

1Iw Condition Doecriptlon
0)
0-10 EL xcellent No or -ini.l3 pollution; 61-80 roor Pollution in high amounts;
water uses met tiLroughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lo" amounto of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at Petre.ely
pollIutionZ water urea high tlaa e.tre trlesa to
periodically not met. stream life. .&ter .,e not met.

26-60 Pair Pollution amounta vary from 1D Insufficient Data
moderate to high level";
certain -nter uses prohibited.

An lildlx of 20 la equivalont to tile level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: MAURICE RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME 1# NJPDES :RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
---------------�----- ---------- ----------------
jPioneer Metal Finishing, Inc. 10025658 jScotland Run : Franklin Twp/Glcstr. :Ind./Comm.
:Shield Alloy Corp. 1 0004103 :Maurice River !Newfield Boro/G'lcstr:Ind./Comm.
:Owens-Illinois Inc. 10004499 :Ditch to Maurice R. :Vineland City/Cumlnd:1nd./Comm.
:Vinelnd Cty. Elec-Howard Down!0032182 !Maurice River : Vineland Cty. /Cumlnd:Ind ./Comm.
:Owens-1ll.--Schott Process Sys10005304 ;Parvins Brook ~ Vineland Cty./Cumlnd:Ind./Comm
:Inc. 11
lProgresso Quality Foods ~0004880 :Trib to Maurice R. !Millville Cty/Cumlndllnd./Comm.
:West Co. 10023744 !Wheaton Prop. Pond :Miliville Cty/Cumlndllnd./Comm.
:Wheaton Glass Co. 10004171 :Petticoat Stream jMillville Cty/Cumlnd;Ind./Comm.
jKerr Glass Mfg, Corp. 10005398 :Maurice River IMillville Cty/Cumlnd:Ind./Comm.
1-I~himin Corp. 10004405 :Dividing Creek ~Millville Cty/Cumlnd:Ind./Comnm.
:NJ Silica Sand Co. 10004618 IManamuskin River ~Maurice R Twp/Cumlnd:Ind./Comm.
lOwens--Ill. Corp.-Millville 10005339 jMuskie River lComm. Twp./Cumlnd. :Ind./Comm.I
:Port Norris Oyster Co., Inc. 10026051 IMaurice River !Comm. Twp./Cumlnd. Unid./Comm.
1Geo. 0. McConnell Co. 10029581 :Maurice River lComm. Twp./Cuml~nd. :Ind./Comm.I
:Delaware Day Oyster Co. 10029530 : Comm. Twp./Cumlnd. :Ind./comm.
:Leesburg St. Prison 10021989 lRiggins Ditch :Maurice Twp./Cumb. :Municipal
4N Millville SA, City of 10029467 IMaurice River :Millville/CumberlandIMunicipal
lCapt. Sig's Seafood Inc. 10004766 :Maurice River : Port Norris/Cumblnd.lInd.
1Marphall Service Inc, 10036129 jMaurice River :Newfield/Glcstr. !Ind.

---------------------------------------------------

- .-/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- --~ -

19. GREAT EGG HARBOR RIVER which are frequently near neutral levels.
Stream conditions are most severe during
summer months. Total phosphorus aver-
Watershed Description aged .57 mg/l during the 1983 to 1987 period
with all of the values greater than appro-
The Great Egg Harbor River is 49 miles long priate State criterion. Total inorganic ni-
and drains an area of 304 square miles. It trogen also appeared excessive in nearly 50
originates in eastern Gloucester and Camden percent of the samples collected. Dissolved
Counties, an agricultural and suburban oxygen concentrations drop below 4.0 mg/l
area, before flowing through the Pinelands during summer months and percent satura-
region. The river drains into Great Egg tion averaged only 60 percent during the
Harbor Bay before emptying into the At- period of review. Biochemical oxygen de-
lantic Ocean. The river is tidal downstream mand frequently exceeds 3.0 mg/l. Stream
of the dam at Mays Landing. Upper, Mid and pH averages 6.3 SU, significantly greater
Lower Great Egg Harbor River sub-water- than the recommended 3.5 to 5.5 range for
sheds have been delineated. Pineland surface waters.

The watershed's dominate land use is forests Downstream near Blue Anchor and at Fol-
with the remainder agricultural and devel- som the Great Egg Harbor River recovers
oped. Population centers include Berlin, somewhat from the problems at Sicklerville.
Winslow, Monroe, Mays Landing, and Egg Total phosphorus is still high with 94 and
Harbor City. The major tributaries are Hos- 100 percent above State criterion near Blue
pitality Branch, Watering Race, Babcodk Anchor and at Folsom, respectively. But to-
Creek, Deep Run, South River, and Stephens tal inorganic nitrogen is lower and dis-
Creek. There are many lakes and ponds in solved oxygen concentrations appear to be
this area, but the largest is Lake Lenape, adequate (dissolved oxygen saturation is still
near Mays Landing. Of the 12 NJPDES per- commonly below 80 percent). In addition,
mitted discharges here, 6 are municipal and pH values show reductions, although they
6 are industrial/commercial. Waters in the continue to average above what is consid-
Great Egg Harbor watershed are classified ered natural background for Pineland
FW-2 Nontrout, Pineland Waters, FW-1, and streams. Fecal coliform counts are low with
SE-i. only 26 and 0 percent above recommended
levels near Blue Anchor and at Folsom, re-
Water Quality Assessment spectively. Two elevated copper values oc-
curred in samples collected at Folsom. The
Four ambient water quality monitoring sta- source of this copper should be investigated
tions are present on the Great Egg Harbor further since this problem was identified in
tions are present on the Great Egg Harbor
River: near Sicklerville and Blue Anchor, the 1986 305(b) report.
at Folsom and at Weymouth. This monitor-
ing represents most of the freshwater
reaches of the river and shows that water shows continued improvement. Total phos-
phorus remains elevated but concentrations
quality is severely degraded in the headwa- phorus remains elevated but concentrations
ters near Sicklerville, but that conditions are lower. The average pH value is just
improve to fair quality as one travels down- above the 5.5 level, showing a return to
shthe Great Egg Harbor is a more natural conditions. Dissolved oxygen
stream. Although the G reat Egg Harbor is a concentrations are sufficient for the pro-
Pinelands stream, pH in the river has been tection and maintenance of warm-water
significantly altered because of water pol- fisheries.
lution.

Near Sicklerville the Great Egg Harbor The Tuckahoe River is reported to have
River has poor to very poor water quality continuously failed to meet public health
because of high nutrient concentrations, fecal coliform standards for primary con-
reduced dissolved oxygen, and pH readings tact recreation during the spring and sum-
mer periods. Intensive sampling has re-

111-165

vealed that the primary source of this fecal from ditch bank erosion occurring in the
contamination is from animals, with addi- small tributary streams which flow into the
tional contributions coming from local sep- Great Egg in the region around Lake
tic tank overflows which occur along the Lenape. Below Mays Landing, nonpoint
mainstem of the river. source pollution is believed to shift from
agricultural sources to suburban develop-
Biomonitoring has been performed at Fol- ment: storm sewers, road surfaces, and sep-
som. The pollution intolerant caddisfly tic systems.
comprised 72 percent of the macroinverte-
brate substrate sample indicating favorable In the assessed tributaries feeding into the
clean water habitats. Periphyton produc- Upper Great Egg Harbor River, stormwater
tivity is very low with blue green algae the runoff and suburban development appear to
dominant periphyte. The low number of di- be the major contributors to nonpoint
atoms is indicative of acid waters. source pollution. Squankum Branch (7
miles long) and Four Mile Branch both are
No fisheries evaluations were made by the suspected of being impacted by stormwater
NJ Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife of runoff. Water quality in the 13 mile long
streams in the Great Egg Harbor River wa- Hospitality Branch is believed to be affected
tershed. by stormwater/road runoff; in addition, sur-
face mining is reported to be a known yet
Problem and Goal Assessment declining source of sedimentation in the
Hospitality Branch. Babcock Creek (10 miles
Point Source Assessment long) is undergoing excessive sedimenta-
tion; the suspected sources are runoff from
The water quality problems present in the animal holding areas, construction sites,
Great Egg Harbor River appear to be related surface mines, and outfalls from combined
to point source discharges in the upper sewers. Local authorities have reported
watershed. The Berlin STP, which will be however, that these problems in Babcock
eliminated in the near future, is currently Creek are presently on the decline. Grav-
under enforcement action for inadequate elly Run and Miry Run, 6 miles and 5 miles
treatment of wastewaters. A number of long respectively, are receiving what are
other enforcement cases concerning believed to be diminishing quantities of
ground water discharges are underway in sedimentation. Mill Branch is believed to be
the watershed. In the Lower Great Egg impacted by housing construction and com-
Harbor River watershed the Hamilton Twp. bined sewers. Maple Run is reported to be
STP discharge to Babcock Creek and the affected by rising amounts of siltation,
Federal Aviation Administration discharge known sources of which are the rising lev-
to Gravelly Run are both discharging els of construction and stream channeliza-
inadequately treated wastewaters. Local tion occurring in the sub-watershed. Pat-
officials have noted that various cong River receives ever increasing quan-
nonpermitted discharges have been tities of sediment, which is suspected to be
entering Hospitality Branch, a tributary to coming from local storm sewers.
the Lower Great Egg Harbor.
Of the lakes assessed in the Great Egg Harbor
Nonpoint Source Assessment River Watershed, Colling Lake is reported to
be receiving septic system leachate and
Runoff from croplands is suspected to be road runoff. Lake Lenape is believed to be
impacting the entire length of the Great impacted by road and cropland runoff, and
Egg Harbor River above Mays Landing. Ad- Patcong Lake is said to be becoming a shal-
ditional pollution sources in this sub-water- low "silted in" lake from what is suspected to
shed are believed to be from surface min- be runoff from housing construction sites
ing, which impact the uppermost reaches of and suburban surfaces.
the river, and sediment loads which result

111-1 66

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

Fecal coliform counts are low enough to
classify the Great Egg Harbor River as
meeting the swimmable use/goal in the re-
gion around Folsom and Weymouth
(approximately 10 miles); however the re-
maining freshwater sections of the river
are considered either not swimmable (5
miles) or marginally swimmable (10 miles).
The river can also be considered as meeting
the fish propagation/maintenance use with
the exception of the river's headwaters in
Camden County which are classified as par-
tially degraded. Elevated pH levels have se-
riously affected the acid tolerant aquatic
community in this area. The majority of the
tidal sections of the river are classified as
condemned for the direct harvesting of
shellfish.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

I Great Egg Harbor River
near Sicklerville,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 Great Egg Harbor River near
Blue Anchor,
Pineland Waters

3 Great Egg Harbor River at
Fol som,
Pineland Waters

4 Great Egg Harbor River at
Weymouth,
Pineland Waters

111- 167

GREAT EGG HARBOR RIVER

BIG TIMBER CREEK NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

' 2\

:4%
LIN

MAURICE RIVER

0 I1234 8

SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

WATER 11I- I.ATTY-NDE, XPR_0F1TLjK_1O 3--I980.

Great Egg Harbor River WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:
If a I I I
:Great Egg AVG
H1arbor WQI 1 42 45 17 72 3 : 7 :78 Poor
:River near : _ _ _ _ _ : _ _ : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
;SicklervillelWORST31 June- June- June- Oct- June- June- June- MOO Very
MONTHs: August August August Dec August August August ;Poor

;Great Egg AVG
Harbor WQI I 29 :37 i :27 3 0 6 :43 Fair
:River near _
:Blue Anchor :WORST3: June- Oct- : June- May- May- Oct: Sept- :62 Poor
MONTHS: August Dec August July July Dec Nov ;June-August:

:Great Egg AVG.
Harbor WQI I1 12 : 28 6 32 2 0 13 :27 Fair
River at : ___ : __: _ __ __ _ ,: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I
Neymouth :WORST3: June- March- : July- : August-: May- Dec- March- :47 Fair
MONTITS August May Sept Oct July Feb May June-August

.:Great Egg AVG
!Harbor WQI 1 6 : 43 8 39 2 : 23 :49 Fair
:River at
Folsom NORST3 June- April- July- June- I Jan- : Octa Oct- :54 Fair
MONTHS: August June Sept August March Dec Dec August-Oct

Ll-(;fIlu - Hate Lae1J.-ltyraaadcxeaicr1DJ.I on

HQ1 CondItion Description
0-10 Excellent Ol or mnin.[- Vllutlon; 61-80 Foor rollutlon 1. high Amounts;
Avte~r ";en met throughout aster uses not .et.
the lear.

11-25 Good Gnerelly lo. saoaantn of 81-100 Very 'oor rollutlon occurs st -.tr..aiey
poll'atlonn; mastr Fae- h11h 1-v-i: sAx-rf ttreft to
periodically not Pet. tress Aife: Itater uses not set.

26-60 Fair Po`lattlon asounts vary from ID Insuflicient Data
"odanraLn to high Ievcla:
certain water uses prohibited.
Aaa Index of 20 is equivalent to thle level of -ater qua.ity criterla.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: GREAT EGG HARBOR RIVER

DISCHARGE NAME '0 NJPDES I RECEIVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY' TYPE
______----------------------- ------ _ __-______-------------:--------- -----
Berlin Boro STP :0026972 Great Egg Harbor R 'Berlin Twp./Camden Municipal
'Scott Paper Co. ;0004324 Deep Run 'Buena Boro/Atlantic Ind./Comm.
'Buena Boro MUA '0021717 'Trib. to Deep Run ,Buena Boro/Atlantic 'Municipal
:NJ Expressway Auth. 10026522 :Makepeace Stream :Hammonton Town/Atl. Municipal
Scholler Bros. Inc. :0021393 Babcock Stream 'Hamilton Twp./Atl. :Ind./Comm.
Hamilton Twp. MUA 10002193 'Babcock Stream 'Hamilton Twp./Atl. Municipal
'Lenox China Inc. :0005177 Jack Pudding Brook 'Galloway Twp./Atl. :Ind./Comm.
'NJ Hwy. Auth.-Atlantic City 0027189 Mattily Run Galloway Twp./Atl. Municipal
:Stockton State College 10027588 Bonita Tideway Brigantine Cty./Atl. Industrial
'FAA Technical Center ,0020800 :Gravelly Run Branch 'Egg Harbor City/Atl 'Municipal
of Great Egg
'Atlantic Electric 10005444 'Great Egg Harbor 'Marmora/Cape May Ind/Thermal

I----- .... . ....... I

20. MULLICA RIVER naturally highly acidic with low nutrient
content.

Watershed Description The Mullica River contains excellent water
quality at Atsion, but degrades to generally
The total drainage basin for the Mullica good quality downstream at Green Bank. No
River and tributaries is 561 square miles. pollution indicators contravened State cri-
The Mullica River itself is about 45 miles teria in samples collected at Atsion. The
long. This watershed is considered the ma- Mullica River at Green Bank, however,
jor Pinelands drainage system. Major trib- contains moderately excessive bacteria and
utaries include the Wading River (30 miles nutrient concentrations, as well as pH
long), Nochescatauxin Brook, Atsion Creek, which often is greater than natural back-
the Bass River (8 miles long), Batsto River ground. Dissolved oxygen levels are ade-
(18 miles), Nescochaque Creek, Landing quate when measured as milligrams per
Creek, Hammonton Creek (9 miles) and the liter. The geometric mean of fecal coliform
Oswego River (21 miles). The Mullica River counts between 1983 and 1987 was 41
empties into Great Bay, a large estuarine MPN/100ml with 16 percent greater than
system. The population centers are 200 MPN/100ml. Total phosphorus was con-
Winslow, Galloway, and Hammonton. Sub- sidered high in 66 percent of the samples
watersheds include the Batsto River, Upper from this period. High conductivity values,
Mullica River, Mid-Mullica River, Oswego especially during summer months, indicates
River, West Branch Wading River, Lower that some brackish tidal water occurs at
Mullica River and Great Bay. Green Bank.

About 80 percent of this watershed is unde- The Batsto River at Batsto, West Branch
veloped state parks and forests, with the Wading River at Maxwell, Oswego River at
remainder being agricultural and developed Harrisville and East Branch Bass River at
areas. Of the 7 NJPDES permitted discharges New Gretna all contain excellent water
here, 4 are municipal/institutional and 3 quality. In all streams, fecal coliform and
are industrial/commercial. The streams are nutrient concentrations are low and condi-
classified FW-Pineland Waters, FW-1, FW-2 tions are generally indicative of natural
Nontrout, and SE-i. Much of these water- background. One elevated mercury and
ways are incorporated in the New Jersey cadmium concentration were detected in the
Wild and Scenic River System. Batsto and West Branch Wading Rivers, re-
spectively.
Water Quality Assessment
Hammonton Creek is the only waterway
The Mullica River watershed is the largest with significant pollution problems. The
in southern New Jersey. As such, seven creek is subjected to a significant municipal
ambient monitoring stations are present on point source discharge which has severely
the Mullica and tributaries. The Mullica is degraded water quality. The creek at West-
sampled at the outlet of Atsion Lake and at coatville is in very poor condition with
Green Bank. Hammonton Creek, Batsto severely reduced dissolved oxygen, elevated
River, West Branch of the Wading River, nutrients and pH not reflective of
Oswego River and the East Branch of the Pineland's water. During summer months
Bass River are all sampled. The Mullica wa- water quality worsens to very poor condi-
tershed is for the most part undeveloped tions . Dissolved oxygen is often recorded
forests within State parks and forests. Wa- less than 2.0 mg/l in summer months with
ter quality is among the best in the State, biochemical oxygen dem and f requently
especially on the tributaries mentioned above 4.0 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen saturation
above (with the exception of Hammonton averaged only 47 percent from 1983 to 1987
Creek). Surface waters of the Pinelands are and forty-five percent of the dissolved oxy-
gen values were less than 4.0 mg/I. Total
phosphorus averaged .82 mg/l with all val-

111-171

ues contravening State criterion. Total in- The dumps are suspecting of releasing
organic nitrogen was excessive in the ma- volatile organics, pesticides and metals to
jority of the samples collected. nearby cranbury bogs.

Biomonitoring has been performed on the Nonpoint Source Assessment
Mullica River at Green Bank. Macroinver-
tebrate sampling found the site to be favor- Agricultural and suburban runoff can have
able, but there has recently been a decrease significant impacts on water quality by
in clean water organisms along with an in- adding nutrients and raising stream pH.
crease in pollution tolerant forms. Peri- This appears to be occurring throughout
phyton sampling suggests some organic en- the Pinelands region in various waterways
richment although species representative including those within the Mullica River
of acidic conditions were abundant. watershed.

All rivers and streams in the Mullica River The Upper Mullica sub-watershed is known
watershed which were evaluated by the New to suffer water quality problems caused by
Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife what are reported to be moderate amounts of
were found to be supporting healthy warm nonpoint source contamination from con-
water fish populations. The assessed waters struction activities, surface mining and
were the Muskingun Brook, a 5 mile long landfills. Also reported is a problem with
tributary to the Batsto River; Sleeper ditch bank erosion in drainage ditches asso-
Branch, a tributary to the Nochescatauxin ciated with cropland areas. The Upper Mul-
Brook; Hammonton Creek, a 9 mile long. lica, Sleeper Branch, Gum Branch, and Al-
tributary to the Mullica; the 21 mile long bertsons Branch are all believed to be im-
Oswego River; the 20 mile long West Branch pacted by increasing amounts of road and
of the Wading River; and lastly, the lower 16 highway runoff.
miles of the Mullica itself.
In the Mid-Mullica sub-watershed, runoff
Problem and Goal Assessment from croplands is suspected to be an occa-
sional water quality problem, although it is
Point Source Assessment assessed to be on the decline. As in the Up-
per Mullica, there are problems with ditch
The Mullica watershed contains surface bank erosion. Hammonton Creek is sus-
waters that are generally of natural quality. pected of being impacted on occasion by
With the exception of Hammonton Creek, all leachate from land disposal sites, urban
monitored waters are of either excellent or runoff, as well as runoff from construction
good water quality. These waters are sites. Landing Creek, Indian Cabin Creek,
extremely sensitive to the effects of man's and Union Creek are all believed to be im-
activities. Both point and nonpoint sources pacted by moderate yet increasing amounts
can seriously alter the acid-tolerant stream of urban stormwater runoff. Landing Creek
environments of the watershed. is also suspected to be impacted by occas-
Hammonton Creek is severely impacted by sional leachate from local landfills.
the Hammonton MUA wastewater discharge
which adds wastewater discharge with high In the Lower Mullica/Great Bay sub-water-
amounts of nutrients and oxygen- sheds, the Wading River is suspected to be
demanding substances. The Egg Harbor City severely impacted by hazardous waste sites.
STP is having deleterious impacts on Union The problem is assessed as increasing and
Creek. Both facilities are currently under impairing the local fisheries. Surface
enforcement action by the DEP. One mining, although evaluated as being in de-
hazardous waste site has been identified in cline, is known to be causing occasional
the Mullica watershed to be contaminating turbidity in Morses Mill Creek, a tributary to
local surface waters. This is Woodland Great Bay. Matix Run, also a Great Bay trib-
Chemical Dumps 1 and 2 near Chatsworth. utary, is suspected of being impacted by
rising levels of runoff from housing con-

111-172

struction sites and stormwater. To the
northeast, the Oswego River is assessed by 6 Hammonton Creek at
local authorities to have no reportable non- Westcoatville,
point source pollution problems. Pinelands Waters

The only lake evaluated in the Mullica wa- 7 Mullica River at
tershed was Hammonton Lake. Here in- Green Bank,
creasing amount of runoff from urban sur- Pinelands Waters
faces, roads, and storm sewers were believed
to be impacting the lake's water quality.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

All waters in the Mullica River system, with
the exception of Hammonton Creek, will
meet the swimmable and fish propaga-
tion/maintenance goals of the Clean Water
Act. The Lower Mullica around Green Bank
can be considered to be marginally
swimmable while Hammonton Creek is not
swimmable. While all streams are thought
to contain generally healthy fish commu-
nities, Hammonton Creek is considered to be
partially meeting the fish propagation and
maintenance goal because of very poor wa-
ter quality conditions. Tidal sections of the
Mullica River and tributaries are classified
condemned, seasonal, or open with regard to
shellfish harvesting, depending on loca-
tion.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

1 West Branch Wading River
at Maxwell,
Pinelands Waters

2 Oswego River at Harrisville,
Pinelands Waters

3 East Branch Bass River at
New Gretna,
Pinelands Waters

4 Mullica River at outlet of
Atsion Lake,
Pinelands Waters

5 Batsto River at Batsto,
Pinelands Waters

111- 173

MULLICA RIVER

EW JERSEY- STCATEO WATE QUALITY
SCALE ~~INVETR RIEPOR

WATERLQUALI.Y-[ND.EXAROJIILB 8 hI8WL

MulliIca River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN pH !BACTERIA:MrJTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND

:West Branch : AVG
Wading River: WQI I 13 3 3 6 I 0 6 :4 Excellent:
at Maxwell _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
WORST3 June- May- Oct- April- Dec- Nov- Aug- 15 Excellent
:MONT1S: August July Dec June Feb : Jan Oct :July-Sept

:Oswego River: AVG
at WQI 3 5 4 9 : 7 I 0 9 5 Excellent:
Ilarrieville ! ___ ____- ______ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___:
;WORST3: July- March- August-: March- June- May- April- 9 Excellent
MONTHS: Sept May : Oct May August : July June May-July

East Branch A :VG
:Bass River WQI 1 21 5 : 8 7 1 0 ID I CExcellent
Mew G retri la
WORST3: July- Augustt-: March- May- June- May- 5 Good
2.. MONTHS: Sept Oct I May July August July :August-Oct

Mullica AVG
River at WQI 3 4 78 7 I 0 5 :5 Excellent:
Atsion
WORST3 July- May- Sept- May- July- Dec- April- ;5 Ecellent
M:1ONTHS Sept July Nov July : Sept : Feb June Aug-Oct

Hammon ton AVG
Creek at WQI 2 62 47 13 59 3 I 11 :84Very Poor:
Wes tcoa t-
yuile I WORST3; July- August-: Jan- May- August- August- : Jan- : March- :100verypoor
MONTHS: Sept : Oct : March July Oct Oct : March : May :July-Sept

LM~I~UI - H. oloun JjLY.JIIII JleIncziLJAoI

IHQL CooditlOn tDoacrilFLila
0-10 ExIcllont 0l or enlnri .othatbon: 61-80 Poor rollutlon In high -n.0.0s:
--tr unea met througlout . .ter steo not ret.
tl,, Y nar.

11-25 Co0d 0!nevllry lo. l.noIIntlof oa I 81-100 Very Poor rollutlon occure.. antr '.% Y
pollIItlon: .8ter iaee hlxh le-lI.: -re atre.. to
periodically not . et. stream lIle; --ter uses not Act.

2G-00 fair Polliution I-ountii vary fIom ID Insufficlent Data
nolrirstl Lo hI8h 1levein;
certain water unon rrohlbited.

Ali Index of 20 In eiulvnlont to tile Icoel of water qIJlity criteria.

Mullicia River Continued

WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL i

STATION TEMP OXYGEN I PH :BACTERIAINUTRIENTS: SOLIDS : AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND!

:Batsto AVG
:River :WQI 3 :8 :8 1 13 Excellent:
a I I I I I- -
1WORST3 June- Oct- June- May- Dec- Oct- April- ;6 Excellent:
:MONTISI August Dec August July Feb Dec June Dec-Feb

:Mullica AVG
:River at WQI 5 11 23 17 18 17 0 ID :18 Good
!Batsto _- a a a a a a __________ a
WORST31 June- May- Sept- March- 1 June- August- 25Good/Fair
aMONTHS: August : July : Nov 1 May 1 August Oct :March-May

LEGE1II1 - ila~torSua1l~wIndcRxD.Ia&riDJ4OI
0)
WQI Condition Description

0-10 Excellent Ila or minimal pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollution in high amounts;
aater uses met tliroaugout ater uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally la- amounts oD 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extremely
pollution; water usea h1sh levla; merea- atreaa to
periodically not met. stream nlfe; .ater u:es not met.

26-00 Pair Polluition amounts vary from ID Insufflcient Data
moderate to high levein;
certain -ater used prohibited.

Aan Index of 20 is equivalent to tiae level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Mullica River

/-\
DISCIIARGE NAME :tt NJPDES , RECEIVING WATERS ' MUNICTPALITY/COUNTY, TYPE

:Eastern Brewing Corp. :0028223 'Cedar Branch Stream Hammonton Twn/Atlntic:ind./Comm.'
:Hammonton Waste Trmt. Plant :0025160 :Hammonton Creek Hammonton Twn/Atlntic'Municipal
NJ Exp. Auth. Elwood-Weymouth 0026531 NMakepeace Stream Hamilton Twp/Atlntic'Municipal
,Whitehall Laboratories :0024210 Pond Lk. to Mullica Hammontom Twn/Atlntic Ind./Comm.
River
Egg Harbor City WTP :0024589 :Union Creek 'Egg Harbor/Atlantic :Municipal
Carpenter Realty Inc. :0005428 :Mullica River :Washington/Burlingtn:Mun/Ind/Thr:
:Presswell Records Mfg. Co. ,0031275 Neschoaque Creek 'Camden County SA ,Thermal

-4

. . .-.
. .

21. TOMS RIVER months. There appears to be some degrada-
tion since the previous report, as the river
was considered to have excellent water
Watershed Description quality in the first half of this decade. Indi-
cators which appear at problematic levels
Toms River is 31 miles long and drains anre fecal coliform and pH. Fecal coliform
area of 124 square miles. It flows from exceeded the State criterion of 200 MPN/100
western Ocean and Monmouth Counties ml in 38 percent of the samples collected.
southeast to Barnegat Bay at Toms River, 11 Surface and ground waters are naturally
miles north of Barnegat Inlet. This is an acidic in this region. While pH averaged
area of low relief containing many small 5.07 SU between 1983 and 1987, 28 percent of
tributaries to the Toms River. The larger the values were greater than the 5,5 SU up-
tributaries include Davenports Branch, per criterion for Pinelands waters. Nutri-
Union Branch, and Wrangle Brook. Sub- ents were within respective criteria for
watersheds include Upper Toms River, over 90 percent of the values. Dissolved
Union Branch and Lower Toms River. The oxygen concentrations are sufficient
watershed also drains a large area of the throughout the year and biochemical oxy-
Pinelands. Major impoundments include gen demand is usually less than 2.5 mg/l.
Success Lake and Horicon Lake. Population
centers include Toms River, Lakehurst, Ocean County Health Department monitor-
ceDovnters include Toms River , Lakehurst, ing of the Upper Toms River in the first
half of this decade found good to fair quality
This watershed lies in the Coastal Plain and waters. Low dissolved oxygen saturation is
is about one-half forested, with the remain- found in the upper watershed, probably due
der being residential developments, a mili- to ground water inflow to the river.
tary installation and agricultural. There
The fish communities of five streams which
has been a substantial amount of new resi- drai n portions of the central coastal area
dential and commercial development drain portions of the central coastal area
other than the Toms River were assessed by
throughout the watershed in the past five ther than the Tms River were assessed by
years. Of the 9 NJPDES permitted discharges the New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and
Wildlife. These were the Metedeconk River
within the watal/commer shcial, and 4 are municindus- (the North Branch and mainstem), Cedar
trial/commercial, and 4 are munici- Creek, Union Branch of the Toms River,
pal/institutional. Waters have been classi-nion Branch of the Toms River,
fied as Pinelands (some of the Pinelands Oyster Creek, and Westecunk Creek. All
water are also designated trout mainte- were judged to support healthy warm water
fish communities. Some cold water fish
species are also successfully supported in
Water Quality Assessment the upper stretches of the Toms River.
Problem and Goal Assessment
An evaluation of water quality data collected
from the Toms River near the City of Toms
River was utilized in this assessment. This
station is part of the NASQUAN national
monitoring network operated by the US Ge- The Toms River does not suffer from any se-
ological Survey. Additional monitoring is vere pollution problems based on the ambi-
also performed by the Ocean County Health ent monitoring conducted. A few minor
Departlsement on the Toms River and other point sources are present in the watershed,
streams in the county. However, sample but they do not appear to have significant
effects on stream quality. The Ocean County
collection is limited to once or twice yearly. effects on stream quality. The Ocean County
UA regional sewerage system has eliminated
The Toms River near Toms River contains a number of municipal facilities in the
generally good water quality with condi- lower watershed. However, local officials
tions reduced somewhat during the summer

I1- 178

feel that this is an increasing problem in reported to be brought about as a result of
the upper Toms River. the combined impacts of rising levels of
septic tank leachate and urban surface
Two hazardous waste sites are suspected of runoff. Housing construction in this water-
impacting surface waters in the Toms River shed has caused increased turbidity and sil-
watershed. They are the Lakehurst Naval tation as well as the release of increasing
Air Engineering Center adjacent to the amounts of sulfuric acid from acid produc-
Ridgeway Branch (aromatics, volatile or- ing soils.
ganics, and metals), and Ciba-Geigy which is
potenially affecting the Toms River with In the Lower Toms River sub-watershed,
volatile organics and metals. suburban development is the primary re-
ported source of nonpoint pollution. In-
Nonpoint Source Assessment creasing amounts of urban surface runoff,
storm sewer drainage, and natural pollution
Nonpoint runoff from man's activities in are known to have brought about high lev-
the watershed have affected water quality els of phosphorus and coliform bacteria, in-
from the standpoint of increases in nutri- creases in dissolved solids, and a decrease in
ents and stream pH. The streams of the dissolved oxygen levels. A decline in the
Pinelands region are very susceptible to in- recreational use of the waterway has re-
creases in pH because of the low buffering suited from periodic beach closures which
capacity of the waters. Man's activities tend have occurred in the downstream stretches.
to cause increases in stream pH. The pre- The lower Toms River, as well as the Union
dominent nonpoint sources in the Toms Branch, have received impacts from stream
River and surrounding watersheds are encroachment and housing construction.
those associated with suburban develop- Wrangle Brook, a tributary to Toms River in
ment. It is the urban surface runoff and Berkeley Township, is reported to be under-
septic systems which are suspected to be going a decline in urban surface runoff and
primarily responsible for the loss of shell- septic tank leachate; excessive levels of
fish harvesting areas in Barnegat Bay. which have caused high ammonia levels in
Agricultural inputs appear to be limited the stream and have correspondingly
largely to the Upper Toms River sub-water- threatened the stream's recreational use.
shed. Another prominant source of non-
point pollution in this central New Jersey Pine Lake in Manchester Township is re-
region are the acid-producing mineral de- ported to have had beach closures because
posits located in the soil. When these soils of pollution brought about by urban surface
are exposed to air and water as during con- runoff combined with municipal sewage
struction, they produce sulfuric acid, which treatment plant effluent.
when carried away in runoff, acts to de-
press the pH of the receiving waters. Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The upper reaches of the Toms River water- The Toms River will meet the fish propaga-
shed receives agricultural runoff largely tion/maintenance goal of the Clean Water
from croplands. It appears that the irri- Act. In the future, however, increasing
gated fields produce larger runoff problems amounts of runoff may threaten some of the
in contrast to nonirrigated fields. Here the acid tolerent fish populations. Because of
principal complaint is that runoff is acting high summertime fecal coliform concen-
to silt in private ponds. Suburban develop- trations the river is considered not
ment is known to create a wide range of swimmable in the freshwater sections. In
severely deleterious impacts to the Toms the tidal reaches the Toms River is classified
River including elevations in fecal coliform marginally swimmable due to occasionally
levels, turbidity, phosphorus, and dissolved elevated bacterial levels. The tidal Toms
solids; as well as declining dissolved oxygen River is also classified as condemned for the
levels, and a decline in the river's suitabil- harvesting of shellfish.
ity for recreational use. These problems are

111-179

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

I Toms River near Toms River,
FW-2 Nontrout

CROSSWICK CREEK

RANCOCAS CREEK

MULLICA RIVER

TOMS AND METEDECONK RIVERS N1

WITH OCEAN COUNTY
COASTAL-.DRAINAGE'

SCALE I MILESLOCATION OF BASINS

WA\T ERQUAlrITYAHDEX9?I1OJILE.A9~1ZI9 8

Toms River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH :!3ACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:

Toms River AVG
near Toms WQI 12 : 10 14 : 19 : 9 : 2 0 8 :14 Good
River _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ __ I
:WORST3: July- 1 June- 1 Sept- 1 Sept- 1 June- 1 Nov- M May- 128 Fair
WMNTHS: Sept I August Nov 1 Nov August Jan 1 July :June-August:

L EG EUD1 - Ht r~uaJ~rJ ndcxllo cr~lPJ.IPf
WIH Condition DoacrIptIon
0-10 Excellent Ho or minimal pollution; 61-80 poor Pollution In high amounts:
water uses met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low amount" of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extremely
pollution; Pat r used high levels: se-ere strens to
periodically not Vet. stream life: water uses not met.

OD 26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient fats
Komorste to high levels:
certain water uses prohibited.

An Index of 20 is eluivalont to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: TOMS RIVER

/-\
DISCHARGE NAME !# NJPDES RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

Naval Air Eng Ctr STP :0004642 Toms River Branch !Manchester/Ocean Ind/Comm
Jackson Twp MUA Jr and Sr HS '0029513 North Branch Toms R :Jackson/Ocean :Municipal
Toms River Water Co :0005649 !Toms River !Dover/Ocean !Municipal
:Toms River Water Co :0005657 Bay Leaf Brook :Dover/Ocean Municipal
Ciba-Giegy Corp Toms River :0004120 :Atlantic Oc.,Toms R Dover/Ocean :Ind/Comm
Oak Tree Mobile Home Park :0031267 :Toms River :Jackson/Ocean !Ind

_ /

\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /
Co~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

--------------------------------------------------

22. MANASQUAN RIVER near Georgia was performed until 1983.
This monitoring also found fair conditions.

Watershed- Description At Squankum the Manasquan contains ex-
cessive levels of nutrients and fecal col-
iform. Dissolved oxygen is periodically be-
The Manasquan River drains an area of 81 low criterion for trout maintenance waters
square miles and flows for 23 miles south- low criterion for trout maintenance water
easterly from Freehold Township in Central and stream temperature is at times higher
Monmouth County to the Manasquan Inlet than that recommended for cold-water fish-
on the Ocean/Monmouth County line. Here, eries. Fecal coliform averaged 625
it empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Man- MPN/lOOml between 1983 and 1987, with all
asquan Inlet. The headwaters flow from a of the values greater than 200 MPN/100ml.
rural/agricultural area to the densely pop- Dissolved oxygen is lower in summer
ulated shore. The Manasquan River is con- months and DO saturation frequently falls
below 80 percent. Stream temperatures
nected in its lower reach to Barnegat Bay
through the Point Pleasant Canal. The Man- during warm weather months also indicate
asquan River is fed by the major tributaries some stress to cold-water fisheries may oc-
of Debois Creek, Mingamahone Creek, and cur. Overall water quality conditions are
Marsh Bog Brook (7 miles long). Population reduced during the summer months.
centers include Point Pleasant, Howell
centers include Point Pleasanthip, Freehold Fair water quality is present in Marsh Bog
Boroughip, Freehoand Wall Township. The tides af- Brook, a major tributary to the Manasquan.
tBorough, and Wall Township. The tides af- As with the Manasquan, high nutrients and
miles east of the Garden State Parkway. two bacteria are present in this stream. Fecal
coliform was excessive in 65 percent of
About half of the land use in this watershed samples since 1983, and averaged 536
is crop/pastureland, although, like other MPN/100ml during this period. Total phos-
watersheds in this region large-scale devel- phorus was also high in 75 percent of the
opment is taking place in many areas. samples taken, while total inorganic nitro-
There are a number of small lakes and gen was above 2.0 mg/l in 30 percent of the
ponds, most of which are used for local samples. Levels of organic nitrogen were
recreational purposes. Of the 9 NJPDES periodically excessive. Dissolved oxygen
permitted discharges in the watershed, one concentrations were sufficient throughout
is municipal and 8 are indus- the period of review, although DO saturation
trial/commercial. The waters are classified averaged only 81 percent.
FW-1, FW-2 Trout Maintenance, FW-2 Non-
FW1 FW2 Trout Maintenand Sce, FW-2 Non- Biomonitoring conducted on the Manasquan
River at Squankum found less than favor-
Water Quality Assessment able community structure. Nais spp. worms
comprised 60 percent of the sample popula-
tion and only 2 percent of the community
The Manasquan River has been assessed on
were individuals representative of clean
the basis of sampling at Squankum. A trib- were individutats.ive of clean
utary, Marsh Bog Brook is also routinely
monitored and assessed at Squankum. Re-
suits iandicate that both the Manasquan The Manasquan River is assessed by the New
River and Marsh Bog Brook are of fair water Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife as
River and Marsh Bog Brook are of fair water
quality. Water quality appears to have im- supporting a healthy fish community of
proved in the Manasquan during the past
few years, while declining in Marsh Bog
Brook. This is based on comparing present
water quality indices with those from 1986.
Sampling of the Upper Manasquan River

111-1 84

Problem and Goal Assessment cal stream bank modification and the loss of
riparian vegetation. This has caused severe
Point Source Assessment and increasing degrees of erosion, siltation,
and turbidity in the stream; posing a threat
The Manasquan River and Marsh Bog Brook to the local freshwater fishery. Increasing
experience significant point source load- amounts of housing construction are also
ings. These have contributed to excessive contributing to siltation and turbidity
nutrients and as a result, low levels of dis- problems, while moderate to severe levels of
solved oxygen in some sections of the runoff from urban surfaces and road salt-
stream. In the Freehold Boro area, a num- ing have led to increases in salinity and
ber of industrial facilities discharge to trib- nutrient loading.
utaries of the Upper Manasquan. In the
headwaters of the river, Lone Pine landfill, Tributaries to the Manasquan received
a Superfund hazardous waste site exists and much the same types of nonpoint pollution
contributes pollutants (volatile organics as does the Manasquan itself. Squankum
and metals) to the river. In addition, the Brook is suspected of receiving increasing
Bog Creek Farm site is contaminating the amounts of runoff from cropland, pastures,
North Branch Squankum Brook with and animal holding areas, (and from the
volatile organics. A number of municipal Bog Creek Farm site mentioned above).
wastewater facilities within the Manasquan Marsh Bog Brook is suspected of being im-
watershed have been eliminated and their pacted by agricultural runoff from crop-
wastewater flows transferred to the Ocean land and animal holding areas, a problem
County UA Northern facility for treatment which is believed to be on the rise. Local
and discharge to the Atlantic Ocean. Long- landfills and septic systems are also sus-
term improvements are expected in the pected and known sources of pollution re-
Manasquan River from this action. No fa- spectively. DeBois Creek is known to be im-
cilities currently under enforcement action pacted by siltation from both road and home
by the Department are thought to be im- construction. Here tree cutting during road
pacting water quality. construction has led to the destablization of
streambanks. DeBois Creek is also degraded
Nonpoint Source Assessment by increasing amounts of urban runoff.

The Manasquan River watershed receives a Lakes assessed in the watershed are experi-
wide range of nonpoint source pollutants. encing high bacterial levels and eutrophi-
Sources include agriculture, waste disposal, cation as a result of inputs from waterfowl
and suburban development. Here as in and road runoff.
other eastern coastal watersheds, bacterial
contaminations of waterways is a Designated Use and Goal Assessment
widespread and significant problem.
The Manasquan River and Marsh Bog Brook
In the Manasquan River itself, agricultural will not meet the swimmable goal of the
nonpoint impacts are reported to be largely Clean Water Act and New Jersey's designated
centered in the region just east of Route 9. use because of elevated fecal coliform lev-
Here croplands, pastureland, feed lots and els. The tidal Manasquan River is also con-
animal holding areas have combined to demned for the harvesting of shellfish.
cause nutrient loading, siltation, and high These streams will meet the fish propaga-
bacterial levels in the river. Bacterial lev- tion and maintenance use and goal, but the
els after rain events are known to be on the fish communities are threatened in sections
decline from pastureland but are believed to due to the water's highly enriched condi-
be on the rise from local sheep and horse tion and occasional reduced dissolved oxy-
farms. Non-agricultural problems include gen.
dam and reservoir construction
(Manasquan Reservoir) which has led to lo-

111-185

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

~1 ~ Manasquan River at
quankum,
FW-2 Trout
Maintenance

2 Marsh Bog Brook at
Squankum,
FW-2 Nontrout

111-186

i ~~~~SOUTH RIVER/W

t ~--'< ~ MANASQUAN RIVER

, /~ - | NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
v 't?~ \~ ]INVENTORY REPORT

Go3 SHARK RIVER

METEDECONK RIVER

INLET
X ~ IM A NASOUA N

LEGEND

- - STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
- -COUNTY BOUNDARIES
.....-_ MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS 2

SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

WATE"R IA IT YLINDEXJ 1-OCI L-B1- 3U1 - I 07

Manasquan River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND;
I I I I I
Marsh Bog AVG
Brook at QI I 19 6 34 23 4 2 7 :28 Fair
Squankum _ _ _ _ 3: 1_ - ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ __ _ ______ _
:WORST31 June- June- March- May- April- August- June- Oct- 152 Fair
:MONTHS: August August May 1 July June Oct August Dec June-August

Manasquan AVG
River WQI 9 16 15 36 23 6 2 20 :33 Fair
at ___: ___ _ _: _ _ _ __ _ _
Sqiuankum WORST3 June- 1 July- Oct- July- May- July- July- July- :48 Fair
MONTHS: August Sept Dec Sept July Sept Sept Sept. IJuly-Sept

L.EWGtL - liaor.JuaILndoX-~le5~Ls crrii Eof

00 WQ1 Condition Doacription
on 0-10 Excellent lio or mint-al volltLon: 61-80 roor Pollution In high amounts:
uater uses meot throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally loIC 6ount of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extrnsely
pollution; water uses hOh Ilvls; ."vere strgss to
periodically not met. strean life; -ater uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufflcient Data
moderate to hialh Ievtle:
certain water uses prohibited.

Ai. Index of 20 In equivalent to tie level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: MANASQUAN RIVER
/ ----\
DISCHARGE NAME ,O NJPDES , RECEIVING WATERS 1 MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY, TYPE

,Peerless Tube Co :0004910 Manasquan River :Freehold/Monmouth ,Ind/Comm
'Harwood Co ,0032956 !Manasquan River :Farmingdale/Monmouth Ind/Comm
,Frequency Eng. Labs :0028622 ,Mingamahone Creek ,Farmingdale/Monmouth Ind/Comm
,Arthur Brisbane Trmnt Ctr ,0022977 'Branch of Manasquan 'Wall/Monmouth Municipal
,Brockway Glass Co ,0002933 ,Debois Creek ,Freehold/Monmouth Ind/Comm
,Nestles Co, Inc ,0005606 ,Debois Creek : Freehold/Monmouth ,Ind/Comm
:Capscan Cable Co :0031917 Manasquan River ,Freehold/Monmouth Thermal
,Howell-Freehold Car Wash :0050270 Long Brook 'Howell/Monmouth :Ind
'Minnesota Mining & Mtg. Co ,0004359 !Passaquanaqu Creek ,Fairton/Cumberland ,Ind/Thm/Sto,
,First Brands Corp ,0029661 :Burke's creek ,Freehold/Monmouth ,Ind/Comm

. .

. .
Co .

. .--
, ,I,
I~ , , t
, I

-/lll l

23. COASTAL MONMOUTH COUNTY
DRAINAGE - Yellow and Willow Brooks are tributaries to
NA VESINK AND SHARK RIVERS the Swimming River Reservoir, a potable
water supply. Water quality was considered
fair in these streams between 1981 and 1983
with fecal coliform and total phosphorus
Watershed Description occurring in excessive levels.

The Navesink River is the largest watershed Water quality is considered excellent and
in this segment, draining an area of 95 good based on sampling in Jumping Brook
square miles, while the Shrewsbury River and the Shark River, respectively. The only
drains an area of 27 square miles, and the water quality indicator found in problem-
Shark River an area of 23 square miles. atic levels in Jumping Brook are occasional
Tributaries to these rivers include: the fecal coliform counts greater than 200
Swimming River - Yellow Brook, Big Brook, MPN/100ml (less than 20 percent). Nutrient
Mine Brook, and Willow Brook; Parkers and fecal coliform levels are higher in the
Creek, Oceanport Creek, and Little Silver Shark River, but still less than statewide av-
Creek to the Shrewsbury River; and Jump- erages. Fecal coliform had a geometric
ing Brook (7 miles long) to the Shark River mean of 125 MPN/100ml in the Shark River
(10 miles). Small tidal streams drain north- with 30 percent greater than the State cri-
ern Monmouth County to Raritan Bay and terion. Total phosphorus was above the .1
Sandy Hook Bay. These creeks include: mg/l criterion in 26 precent of the samples
Cheesequake Creek, Matawan Creek, and collected between 19893 and 1987. Dissolved
Waackaack Creek. Sub-watersheds include oxygen is sufficient throughout the year in
the Navesink, Shrewsbury and Shark the two streams. Both streams are moder-
Rivers, and tributaries to Raritan Bay. Pop- ately acidic.
ulation centers in this area include Asbury
Park, Long Branch, Red Bank, Keyport, and The warm-water fishery of the Navesink
Eatontown. There are many small ponds in River was evaluated by the New Jersey Divi-
this area, but major impoundments used for sion of Fish, Game and Wildlife as healthy.
potable water are the Swimming River The Shark River which supports both warm
Reservoir and the Glendola Reservoir. and cold water fish species was also assessed
to support healthy communities. The
Land use in this watershed is about one Shrewsbury River in contrast, which sup-
third forested, with a smaller percentage ports warm water forms, was judged to be
agricultural. An appreciable amount of moderately degraded.
land is used for residen-
tial/commercial/industrial uses with about Problem and Goal Assessment
15 percent being wetlands and water. Of the
36 NJPDES permitted discharges here 9 are Point Source Assessment
municipal, and 27 are indus-
trial/commercial. The waters in this region Point sources contribute to water quality
have been classified nW-2 Trout Mainte- problems in many of the coastal streams of
nance, FW-2 Nontrout, and SE-1. Monmouth County. Willow Brook suffers
from the contribution of both point and
Water Quality Assessment nonpoint sources. A number of industrial
point sources combined with suburban and
Jumping Brook and the Shark River near agricultural runoff and septic systems are
Neptune City are the only ambient water the likely causes of the elevated nutrients
quality monitoring locations in these water- and bacteria in the brook. Engineered Pre-
sheds. Monitoring was discontinued on both cision Casting Co. is polluting Waackaack
Willow and Yellow Brooks in 1983, and the Brook with excessive metals and dissolved
results of this monitoring is briefly de- solids, and is currently under DEP enforce-
scribed.

111-1 90

ment orders. Imperial Oil Co. contains a housing construction, as well as urban
hazardous waste site that is affecting Lake runoff and landfills predominate as the sus-
Lefferts and Birch Swamp Brook with or- pected principal nonpoint pollution
ganics, metals and PCBs. The Seaview sources. Local construction on roadways
Square Mall is built on an old dump site and and housing are suspected of contributing
is suspected of contaminating Deal Lake to severe siltation and turbidity, especially
with metals and polyaromatic hydrocar- in the headwaters. In addition, construction
bons. activities expose acid-producing soils which
in turn can cause a pH depression in local
Nonpoint Source Assessment streams. Wide spread suburban runoff from
both suburban surfaces have sent excess
Horse farms, construction activities, and silt, road salts, and bacteria into the Shark
urban runoff are believed to be the princi- River, its tributaries and lakes. Landfills
pal nonpoint sources of pollution in this re- and other forms of waste storage are also
gion. These have brought about siltation, suspected sources of pollution in the Shark
nutrient loading, and excess bacterial con- River. In the head waters in Tinton Falls,
tamination in the local rivers. Bacteria volatile organics are reported to be leaking
from horse farms and urban runoff has into the local waters during rain. In Nep-
contaminated many of the shellfish har- tune City, underground waste storage tanks
vesting beds in the downstream reaches of are known to be leaking petroleum prod-
these rivers. In the tidal Navesink River a ucts.
NJDEP nonpoint source control project is
underway to alleviate the bacterial con- The Shrewsbury River is impacted by much
tamination of shellfish growing waters by of the same problems that impact the other
suburban and agricultural runoff. The US local waters. Severe agricultural runoff
Soil Conservation Service is also sponsoring from croplands, pastures, and animal hold-
a soil erosion and -animal waste control ing areas are believed to be contributing
project in the watershed. excess nutrients, silt, bacteria, and nutri-
ents to surface water. Horse manure at
In the Navesink watershed both agricul- Monmouth Race Track is known to con-
tural and suburban construction activities tribute high levels of bacteria to the river.
have created severe pollution problems. Increases in suburban and commercial con-
Crop production and horse farming, espe- struction in the watershed have combined
cially the stockpiling of manure, are de- with runoff from storm sewers and subur-
scribed by local authorities as a severe ban surfaces to send what are believed to be
problem which has resulted in excessive excess amounts of silt, salts, nutrients, and
nutrients and bacterial loadings. In addi- oil and grease into the waterway. This has
tion, depressed dissolved oxygen levels now caused high water temperatures, low dis-
threaten the local fresh water fishery in solved oxygen levels, and restrictions in
the Navesink. Urban development impacts shellfish harvesting. Some nonpoint pollu-
the Navesink largely by contributing tion in the Shrewsbury watershed is also
stormwater runoff and septic tank leachate, suspected from septic systems, and from
both of which are believed to contribute to waste disposal sites.
siltation, nutrient loading, and oil and
grease contamination. Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Shark River watershed appears to be The fish propagation/maintenance desig-
impacted more by suburban pollution nated use will be met in the Shark and
sources and less by agricultural sources Navesink watersheds, but the fisheries of
than the Navesink River watershed. Agri- portions of the Navesink River and tribu-
cultural activity is suspected of contribut- taries are considered threatened from poor
ing some runoff from pasturelands result- water quality. The fisheries of the Shrews-
ing in nutrient and silt loads entering the bury River are partially degraded, and
waterway. In this watershed road and therefore, the river is considered to be par-

111-191

tially meeting the fish propaga-
tion/maintenance use. Shellfish growing
waters in this region are classified both
condemned and restricted (further treat-
ment required) for harvesting. Jumping
Brook will partially meet the swimmable
use, while the Shark River is not
swimmable.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

I Jumping Brook near
Neptune City,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 Shark River near Neptune,
FW-2 Nontrout

III- 192

MONMOUTH COUNTY
COASTAL DRAINAGE

JI , +o~_ NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
!S9nrAIIN JS~i~INVENTORY REPORT

par [~ ""~ 1986

SOUTH RIVER R

STATE BOUNDARY LOC- OF BASIN
MANASQUAN RIVER \ %. X-' '

COUNTY BOUNDARIES a
LEGEND ICIPAL BOUNDARIES
\ > - M LOCATION OF BASIN
STREAM \ ~ \
COUNTY BOUNDARIES r 9-d
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES - J
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES SCALE IN MILES
WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

WARTE1"L4UAbTLJ_.NfEX__UQFnI~fK _10 m U 7-

Coastal Monmouth County
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP : OXYGEN PH BACTERIAINUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N~1N I
Jtimping : AVG-
Brook near WQI 2 : 6 : 10 12 : 9 : 4 0 7 7 Excellent:
Neptune
City :WORSTM June- :Nov- :Jan- : July- July- : Jan- :August- :lExcellent:
MONTHS: August :Jan :March Sept : Sept March oct July-sept

Shark AVG
River WQI I 8 2 20 15 4 0 7 :11 Good
near __ _ I I I _ _ _ _ I -I -
*Neptune :WORST31 June- May- July- July- July- Dec- March- 20 Cood
tMONTHS: August July Sept Sept Sept Feb May July-Sept

LAEG itlll - HaLtoguailyn daxD~cD rioJLI D
WQI Condition Description

0-10 Exeellent Hl or minimal polletion; 6i-0o roor Pollution in high anounts;
water uses met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low amountn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at ectre-ely
pollution; water unes high Ieels. severe ntreeg to
periodlcally not met. stream life: -ater uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
moderate to high levela;
certain uater uses prohibited.

An index of 20 is equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

Naves ink River
N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Sandy Hook Bay

IDISCHARGE NAME !# NJPDES : RECEIVING WATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:South Amboy STP :0020541 :Raritan Bay !South Amboy City/Mds:Municipal
'South Amboy WTP :0003913 !Raritan Bay !South Amboy City/MdsMunicipal
:Sayreville Boro -Morgan STP 10023825 :Raritan Bay :Sayreville Boro/Mds IMunicipal
~Old Bridge - Lawrence Hrbr. :0022471 Raritan Bay :East Brunswick/Nds :Municipal
:Aberdeen Twp. MUA Strathmore :0022543 ~Mohingson Creek :Aberdeen/Monmouth :Municipal
'Aberdeen TwP. MUA River Gard.10022829 !Matawan Creek ;Aberdeen/Monmouth IMunicipal
,Biddle Sawyer Inc. :0030872 !Lupatacong Creek :Keyport/Monmouth !Ind/Comm
:Union Bch. Boro W.D. :0025437 !Little Creek :Union Bch./Monmouth IMunicipal
:Shorelands Water Plant 1 :0025453 !East Creek :Ha~zlet Twp./Monmouth:Industrial
!Comdata Systems Incorporated :0001775 :Ditch to Mahora 'Holmdel Twp/Monmouth:Ind/Comm
:Bell Labs - Crawford Hill :0000485 Ramanessin Brook !Holmdel Twp/Monmouth;Ind/Comm
;USEPA Office R&M :0005762 :Sandy Hook Bay !Middletown/Monmouth !Ind/Comm
- Seacoast Products :0000779 :Sandy Hook Bay !Middletown/Monmouth !Id/Comm
' Middletown TWP SA :0025356 !Atlantic Oc !Middletown/Monmouth !Municipal
:McConnell Fuel Oil Co 10000868 :Sandy Hook Bay :Atlantic Highlands/M!Ind/Comm
:Holmdel Nursing + Conval :0027529 :Branch Willow Brook !Holmdel/Monmouth JInd/Comm
:Pleasant Valley Pub Inc :0031674 !Navesink River :Holmdel/Monmouth :Ind/Comm
IMarlboro St Psych. Hosp. :0022586 !Big Brook :Matawan Boro/Monmoutj~unicipal
~Bell Laboratories :000477 :Ramanenssin Brook :Holmdel/Monmouth :Ind/Comm
:H~olmdell Twp. B. of Ed. :0027031 :Ramanenssin Brook :Holmdel/Monmouth :Municipal
:Pen~nwalt - SS White Div. HolmOO00l481 :Willow Brook :Holmdel Twp/Monmouth:Ind/Comm
!Colts Neck Inn :0031771 :bline Brook :Colts Neck/Monmouth :Ind/Comm
:US Naval Weapons Sta Earle :0023540 :Trib to Yellow Brook:Colts Neck/Monmouth :Mun/Comm/In:'
jBexndix Corp. Electric Power :0002623 :Husky Brook : Eatontown Boro/Monm :Ind/Comm
:Electronic Ass Inc :0002135 :Turtle Mill Brook :West Long Branch/Mon:Ind/Comm
~Shore Gas Oil Co. :0021849 :Takannassee Lake :Ocean /Monmouth ~Ind/Comm
:NJHighway Auth. G.S.Pkwy :0021148 :Trib to Shark River :Wall/Monmouth :Municipal
:Molecular Wire Corp :0034258 :Shark River : Wall/Monmouth :Thermal
:Farmingdale WTP :0055581 :Shark River : Farmingdale/Mon :Ind
!Electronic Concepts I nc :0067075 :Shrewsbury River :Eatontown/Mlonmouth !Ind
:Allanhurst Water Dept T :0098647 :Shark River :Allenhurst Boro/Mon :Ind
:Prudential Property and Casua:0035718 :Willow Brook :Holmdel/Monmouth :Municipal
;Water Treatment Fl#2 : 0067156 :Big Brook ;Marlboro/Monm ~ Ind
!Water Treatment Pl#3 :067164 :Big Brook :Marlboro/Monm Ind
:Four Ponds Center Assoc. :0035441 :Jumping Brook :Middletown/Monm :Thermal
\------------------------------------------------

NAVESINK RIVER
N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: SANDY HOOK BAY

DISCHARGE NAME :# NJPDES RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY, TYPE

,East Coast Ice '0063134 'Shark River Neptune /Monmouth ,Ind
Laird and Company 0035823 Yellow Brook ,Scobeyville/Mon Municipal
INew Jersey Gravel and Sand Co',0032239 Wreck Pond Brook Wall/Monmouth Ind
,Bel Ray Company Inc ,0034177 'Shark River Wall Twp/Mon Ind
Atlantic Highlands Borough 0034924 Many Mind Creek Atlantic High/Mon Municipal
,Shorelands Water ,0025461 East Creek ',Holmdel Twp/Mon Municipal

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I I~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Holmdel Twp/Mon0Municipal

\~~~~~~~~ . ..... I
I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

I , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I
-/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

24. SOUTH BRANCH RARITAN RIVER grade during summer months to fair quality
because of elevated stream temperature,
nutrients and fecal coliform. The river,
Watershed Description trout maintenance at these two locations,
frequently has summer stream tempera-
The South Branch of the Raritan River tures above recommended criterion for the
drains an area of 279 square miles and flows protection of cold-water fisheries. Fecal co-
from western Morris County through cen- liform exceeded the State criterion in 42 and
tral Hunterdon County and into western 20 percent of the samples collected from
Somerset County before joining the North 1983-1987 at Middle Valley and High Bridge,
Branch. The South Branch is 51 miles long. respectively. Total phosphorus was exces-
Population centers include Flemington, sive in about one-half of the samples at both
Washington Township, Mt. Olive, Clinton, stations.
and High Bridge. Major tributaries to the
In the Lower South Branch as measured at
South Branch are the Neshanic River (11 Stanton Station and Three Bridges, water
miles long), Spruce Run Creek (6 miles) Stanton Station and Three Bridges, water
Mulhockaway Creek (8 miles), and Cake- quality degrades somewhat to fair condi-
poulin Creek. The major impoundments lo- tions. At Stanton Station stream tempe-
poulin Creek. The major impoundments lo-
cated in the watershed are Spruce Run ratures are often high during warm-
Reservoir and Round Valley Reservoir. The water months for trout maintenance
watershed has been divided into the fol- waters, while fecal coliform and total
lowing sub-watersheds: Upper and Lowter phosphorus were elevated in 38 percent of
South Branches, Neshanic River and Pleas- their samples. Unionized ammonia was pe-
ant Run. riodically elevated in the early 1980s, but
now appears to be at acceptable levels.
The land use in this watershed is mostly Downstream at Three Bridges the South
agricultural, but suburban/industrial de- Branch is classified as nontrout waters.
velopment is increasing at a rapid rate. Of Water quality indicators found at problem-
the 23 NJPDES permitted discharges here, 12 atic levels are fecal coliform and total phos-
are municipal, and 11 are indus- phorus. The geometric mean of fecal col-
trial/commercial. The streams in this wa- iform counts during the period of review
tershed are classified as FW-2 Trout Produc- (1983-1987) was 659 MPN/1OOml with 66
tion, FW-2 Trout Maintenance, and FW-2 percent above 200 MPN/100ml. Total phos-
Nontrout. phorus was elevated in 77 percent of the
samples and averaged .15 mg/l. At both lo-
Water Quality Assessment cations all dissolved oxygen readings were
above respective criterion throughout the
The South Raritan River and tributaries are period. Biochemical oxygen demand is usu-
monitored at eight locations: the South ally under 3.0 mg/l in the Lower South
Branch as measured at Three Bridges and
Branch at Middle Valley, High Bridge, Stan- Stanton Stat Three Bridges and
ton Station, and Three Bridges; Spruce Run
near Glen Gardner and at Clinton; Mulhock-
away Creek at Van Syckel; and the Neshanic water qualit y in Spruce Run and hock-
River at Reaville. Bushkill Brook at Rocke-
fellows Mill was sampled until mid-1983 away Creek, and fair quality in the Ne-
when it was discontinued. Results from this shanic Rver and Bushkill Brook. Spruce
monitoring indicates that the South Branch h okaway Creek are trout production watersd Mu-
watershed contains gnrly odquit hockaway Creek are trout production waters
watershed contains generally good quality with high summertime stream temperatures
and moderately excessive fecal coliform and
total phosphorus concentrations. Below the
The Upper South Branch Raritan River has
good water quality as measured at Middle reservoir Spruce Run at Clinton is of excel-
Valley and High Bridge. Both stations de- lent quality. Bushkill Brook is a small trib-
utary draining Flemington and adjacent de-

111- 197

veloped lands. The brook has a history of ship STP discharge to the South Branch, the
water pollution problems because of point Union Twp. Board of Education STP dis-
sources. Sampling from 1981 to mid-1983 charge to Mulhockaway Creek, the Clover
found the brook to be of fair quality with Hill STP in Mt. Olive discharge to Drakes
conditions becoming poor during the sum- Brook and the Schooley Mountain STP dis-
mer. Most severe are nutrients (total phos- charge to the South Branch. These facilities
phorus and inorganic nitrogen), total dis- are releasing excessive pollutants com-
solved solids and reduced dissolved oxygen monly associated with municipal treatment
saturation. systems.

The remaining tributary monitored is the Nonpoint Source Assessment
Neshanic River. The Neshanic River is of
fair quality, but worsens to very poor qual- The South Branch Raritan River exhibits a
ity in the summer. The river appears to be pattern which appears common throughout
enriched and experiences supersaturated the State: a gradual decline in agricultural
dissolved oxygen during this critical period nonpoint source pollution paralleled by a
as a result of elevated primary productivity. rapid increase in suburban nonpoint
Both total phosphorus and total inorganic sources. Both housing and road construc-
nitrogen appear in generally high tion are reported to be in the rise in the Up-
amounts. Fecal coliform was above the 200 per South Branch watershed and these are
MPN/100ml criterion in 75 percent of sam- known to be sources of excessive sediment
ples collected, with a geometric mean of 511 loads going to the South Branch. Coupled
MPN/l00ml. Also occurring as a periodic with these activities are the increasing
problem are excessive total dissolved solids problems with runoff from suburban
and un-ionized ammonia concentrations. sources and storm drains which are known
to be contributing additional nutrients and
Biological monitoring of the South Branch sediments to the river. Septic tanks are re-
at Stanton Station has found generally ported to be a severe problem in this water-
healthy conditions. Macroinvertebrate shed, especially the increasing number of
sampling indicates some nutrient enrich- older systems which are failing in the High
ment. Forty-nine percent of the sample was Bridge and Califon areas. Agriculture also is
clean water forms, with 42 percent peri- suspected in contributing nutrient and
phyton feeders. Chlorophyll a levels were sediment loads to the South Branch. Local
low in 1984 indicating low productivity. authorities suggest that while runoff from
pasture lands maybe on the rise, the gradual
The South Branch of the Raritan River was loss of farmland in this watershed has
evaluated by the New Jersey Division of caused a decline in the severity of cropland
Fish, Game, and Wildlife as supporting a runoff. Agricultural sheet and rill erosion
healthy fish community. The Neshanic is considered severe in the South Branch
River and Pleasant Run, tributaries to the watershed by the Soil Conservation Service.
South Branch, are both judged to contain Local timber harvesting is noted to have
healthy warm water fisheries. contributed to siltation but this problem is
also believed to be on the decline. Other
Problem and Goal Assessment pollution sources suspected of impacting the
South Branch are surface mining activities
Point Source Assessment and general road runoff.

The South Branch Raritan River watershed Five large tributary streams were also eval-
contains a variety of pollution problems. uated in this watershed: Bushkill Creek,
Point and nonpoint sources both contribute Spruce Run Creek, Mulhockaway Creek, the
to the water quality conditions found in the Neshanic River, and Pleasant Run. Bushkill
river. NJDEP enforcement actions are cur- Creek is believed to have been impacted by
rently underway against the Clinton Town- chemical spills and by urban runoff from
combined sewers. Spruce Run Creek is

111-198

known to be impacted by runoff from road Monitoring Station List
maintenance, construction activities, feed-
lots, surface mines, and leaks from waste Map Number Station Name
storage facilities. These in turn have sent and Classification
excess silt as well as oil and grease into the
stream, and are reported to have con- I South Branch Raritan River
tributed to a general decline in the creek's at Middle Valley,
fishery habitat. Mulhockaway Creek is said FW-2 Trout Maintenance
to be experiencing significant amounts of
housing developments, which are causing South Branch Raritan River
severe silt problems. The Neshanic River at High Bridge,
receives what are believed to be excess lev- FW-2 Trout Maintenance
els of nutrient and sediment loads from
agricultural sources. Of these suspected 3 Spruce Run near Glen
sources, runoff from local croplands is Gardner,
judged to be on the rise while feedlot and FW-2 Trout Production
pasture land runoff is believed to be on the
decline. Suburban development in the Ne- 4 Mulhockaway Creek at
shanic watershed has brought about a rise Van Syckel,
in pollution problems. This includes con- FW-2 Trout Production
struction activities, septic systems, subur-
ban surface runoff, and road runoff. Addi- 5 Spruce Run at Clinton,
tional problems in this sub-watershed have FW-2 Trout Maintenance
been reported from the improper land dis-
posal of sludge. Pleasant Run is suspected of 6 South Branch Raritan River
receiving excessive amounts of nutrient at Stanton Station,
and sediment from croplands, suburban FW-2 Trout Maintenance
construction sites, storm sewers, and roads.
7 South Branch Raritan River
Designated Use and Goal Assessment at Three Bridges,
FW-2 Nontrout
The Neshanic River, Mulhockaway Creek,
most of the South Branch and the upper 8 Neshanic River at Reaville,
portions of Spruce Run all will not meet the FW-2 Nontrout
swimmable use. Below Spruce Run Reser-
voir, Spruce Run appears to have suffi-
ciently low fecal coliform counts to meet the
swimmable designated use, while the South
Branch in the High Bridge area is consid-
ered marginally swimmable. All waters
will achieve the fish propagation and
maintenance use and are recognized as
having healthy cold and warm-water fish-
eries. The healthiness of the fisheries of
most streams, however, are threatened in
sections because of increasing pollution
loads.

SOUTH BRANCH RARITAN RIVER

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT UOoD /

MUSCONETCONG RIVER f

1<~~ ~ RARITAN RIVER

L WATER SAMLN SILLSTONE RIVER

STATE BOUNDARY S
STREAM\
-COUNTY BOUNDARIES
____MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES)(/
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES / 1 2 3 4 8
WATER SAMPLING STATIONS
111-200 SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN
Ill-200

South Branch Raritan River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PHf :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND:
I I ------j------l-----I II I IlaiTtl
:sBRaritan AVG :
River at WQI 9 7 7 :23 20 : 6 17 :19Good
!Middle _ : _ : _ :
Valley :WOPST3: July- : May- : August-: July- : July- : Dec- : July- Sept- :35 Fair
MONTHS: Sept : July : oct : Sept : Sept : Feb Sept Nov July-Sept

:SBRaritan AVG
:River at WQI 13 :5 10 20 18 6 6 20 20Good
H1igh Bridge 1 _ : __ _
:WORST31 June- May- August-: May- July- Nov- July- April- :35 Fair
:MONTHIS: August : July Oct : July : Sept : Jan Sept June :June-August:

Spruce Run AVG
near Glen WQI 79 1: 23 : 4 17 47 Good
:Gardner _ _ : I: : I: : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
WORST3 June- August-: August-: May- July- Sept- June- March- :31 Fair
:MONTHS: August Oct Oct July Sept Nov August : May July-Sept

:Mulhockaway AVG
:Creek at :QI 8 5 7 : 19 19 5 I 17 :14 Good
:Van Syckel : _ _
:WORST3: June- : June- Sept- June- Feb- Sept- May- March- :33 Fair
MONTHS: August : August Nov August April Nov July May :June-August:

:Spruce Run AVG
:at Clinton WNQI :16 6 6 9 10 4 I 17 :12 Good

:WO[?3T3: June- :Sept- :March- :Oct- :July- :Dec- :June- :August-:24 Good
:MONTHS: August Nov May Dec Sept Feb August Oct June-August:

tAGE1111- Horoanh1ry.IutcxJ~oeerpn
1491 Condition Doecription
0-10 Exeellent in or Ponleol pollution: 61-80 Poor rollution In high mnounts:
I-etr u.es -at, LtroughouL water uses not cet.
tha yoer.
11-25 Good Generally lo. Reountn of 81-100 Yery Poor Pollution occurs -t 'etrteily
pollul.ion; wt,!r mren high :ennrft to
'eriodleelly not net. stre.n life; .ater us.e not .et.

26-00 FaIr Pollution enollnta vary iron 11 Insufficient Data
.odarato to high 10 lend
certain water uses prohibited.
An Indox of 20 Lt enuivaleant to tihe level of water quality criternia.

HAIXRBUAI.TTY TNDEX PROIETIE 198f1X3L

South Branch Raritan River Continued
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

i OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH !BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND
I I I I I ICODTO
;SB Raritan AVG
:River at WQI :15 :6 :10 :27 :20 5 :6 20 :26Good/Fair
:Stanton : _ ________ : ________ : _ _ _ :
Station :WORST3: June- Jan- : Feb- Oct- April- Oct- June- July- :41 Fair
!MONTHS: August March April Dec June Dec August Sept June-August:
I I Ii I II

SB Raritan AVG : :
:River at WQI 3 77 :40 22 :7 :6 6 :28 Fair
:Three I I
:Bridges 1WORST3: June- Nov- August-: Sept- 1 Oct- Dec- July- : Sept- :42 Fair
:MONTHS: August Jan Oct Nov Dec Feb Sept 1 Nov :Sept-Nov
i~~~~~ I

Neshanic AVG
:River WQI :5 45 23 37 20 11 8 5 :54 Fair
'at Reaville- I _ I I
:WORST3 July- 1 July- July- : Sept- : Dec- Sept- July- : Oct- :85 VeryPoor
:MONTHS: Sept 1 Sept Sept : Nov Feb Nov : Sept Dec :July-Sept
I III I I I I

i.EGEBID- iialor~uld~tYlndOxD~s~lX~iJof
NQI Condition Doecription
0-10 Excellent No or mini-l pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollution In high aneunts:
,ater unca met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally louwaolntO of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at aetr-mely
pollution wsater ucca high i',via; -.vere etresa to
periodically not met. strea- life: -ater uses not -et.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts very from ID Insuflicient Data
moderate to high leyvlp,
certain water usoc prohibited.

Au Index of 20 to ewiuvalont to tihe level of vater quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: S. BRANCH RARITAN RIVER

DISCHARGE NAME 1# NJPDES ! RECIEVING WATERS 1 MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

'Washington Twp. Schooleys Mtn 0023493 IS. Branch Raritan R :Washington Twp/Morr :Municipal
:Welsh Farms Inc. :0001236 :Electric Brook :Washington Twp/Morr !Ind./Comm.
Roxbury Twp. Skyview STP :0022683 :Trib. to Jakes Brook!Roxbury Twp./Morris :Municipal
Clinton Twp. Bd. of Ed. :0023175 IS. Br. Raritan River:Clinton Twp./Hunter IMunicipal
Town of Clinton 10020389 IS. Br. Raritan River:Clinton Twp./Hunter :Municipal
N. Hunterdon H.S. 10028363 ICramer Creek IClinton Twp./Hunter IMunicipal
Flemington Boro STP :0028436 IBushkill Creek !Flemington Boro/HunttMunicipal
:Ethyl Corp. '0003298 :S. Br. Raritan RiverlRaritan Twp./Hunter IInd./Comm.
Branchburg Twp. Neshanic Sta. 0020354 IS. Br. Raritan RiverlBranchburg Twp/Somer:Municipal
Wilson Fiberfil International:0003051 :Raritan River :Branchburg Twp/Somer Ind./Comm.
:Merck + Co. - 3 Bridges Farm :0003905 jErie Basin :Hillsborough Twp/Som Ind./Comm.
:Exxon Co. USA Flemington Term0000892 :Second Neshanic R. :Raritan Twp./Hunter :Ind./Comm.
fRaritan Twp. MUA !0022047 IS. Br. Raritan R. IFlemington Boro/Hunt:Municipal
:Youth Corr. Inst. Annandale :0028487 IS. Br. Raritan River:Annandale /HunterdonrMunicipal
,Youth Correc. Inst. :0029874 IS. Br. Raritan RiverISussex :Municipal
Dart Ind. 10032662 IS. Br. Raritan RiverINeshanic St./Somer :Thermal
:U.S. Bronze Powders Corp. '0003336 :Bushkill Creek :Raritan Twp./Hunter :Thermal
Meenam Oil Co. Inc. 10028754 :Raritan River IClinton Twp./Hunter :Industrial
Tenneco Polymers, Inc. :0001660 IBushkill Creek :Raritan Twp./Hunter :Ind./Comm.
Lentine Aggregates p0026450 :Spruce Run Creek :Glen Gardner/Hunter :Industrial
!Roxbury Motel Assoc. :0028304 :Drakes Brook :Roxbury Twp/Morris :Municipal
Hercules Inc. 10000876 IBlack River IRoxbury Twp/Morris :Ind/Comm
Mt. Olive Twp. 00021954 IDrakes Brook IFlanders/Morris :Municipal

-\ . ....../

25. NORTH BRANCH RARITAN RIVER ity, but conditions approach poor quality in
the early summer period. The river at this
location contains elevated nutrients and fe-
Watershed Description cal coliform, and during low flow, reduced
dissolved oxygen that may pose a threat to
The North Branch of the Raritan River, 23 in-stream fisheries. Both total phosphorus
miles long, drains an area of 190 square and total inorganic nitrogen appeared at
miles and flows from northwestern Morris high concentrations. Downstream near
County through Somerset County to the con- Pottersville and at Burnt Mills water quality
fluence with the South Branch between the improves as dissolved oxygen is for the most
towns of Branchburg and Raritan. Popula- part above respective criteria in samples
tion centers include Bernardsville, Pea- collected since 1983. Total phosphorus and
pack-Gladstone, Chester, Bedminister, inorganic nitrogen is significantly lower,
Mendham, and Far Hills. Major tributaries although it still exceeds recommended levels
to the North Branch are Peapack Brook, in 60 percent of all samples at the Pot-
to the North Branch arePtersville station. Fecal coliform counts,
Rockaway Creek (16 miles), and the Lam- lower at Pottersville, increase again at
ington River (27 miles). The only major lower at Pottersville, increase again at
ione e area is Burnt Mills. Geometric means of fecal col-
impoundment in this drainage iform measurements near Pottersville and
Ravine Lake. Sub-watersheds include the
Upper and Lower North Branches and the at Burnt Mills were 82 and 220 MPN/100ml,
Lamington River. respectively. The Lamington River near
Pottersville is a trout production stream.
The land use in this watershed is primarily Summertime stream temperature frequently
rural, woodland, agricultural and scattered exceeds recommended temperature for these
commercial/residential, but there is intense waters.
development along the major road corridors
(Rts. 24, 206, and highways 22, 287, and 78). Rockaway Creek, a tributary to the Lower
Of the 22 NJPDES permitted discharges here, Results in dicate the stream is sampled at Whitehorse.
10 are municipal, and 12 are indus- ' Results indicate the stream is of good qual-
trial/commercial. The streams in this wa- ity, but that during the early summer con-
tershed have been classified, along various ditions degrade to fair quality. The creek
stretches, FW-2 Trout Production, FW-2 Trout has generally low nutrients, (approximately
Maintenance, and FW-2 Nontrout. one-third of the total phosphorus values
were greater than State criterion), but ex-
Water Quality Assessment periences high fecal coliform counts. Fecal
coliform exceeded 200 MPN/100ml in 60 per-
The North Branch Raritan River and tribu- cent of the samples collected between 1983
taries contains generally good water qual- and 1987, and had a geometric mean of 232
ity, although conditions are marginal or MPN/100ml. Dissolved oxygen is sufficient
fair in thoge headwaters and during warm for this warm-water stream. The Lamington
weather. Ambient monitoring is performed River and Rockaway Creek are both mildly
on the North Branch near Chester, at Burnt
Mills, and at North Branch. Sampling of The North Branch Raritan River measured
tributaries includes the Lamington River
near Ironia, near Pottersville, at Burnt near Chester has fair quality waters con-
near Ironia, near Pottersville, at Burnt taiing elevated nutrients and fecal col-
Mills, and on the Rockaway Creek at White- iform concentrat ions. In addition, strea m
iform concentrations. In addition, stream
horse.
temperatures are periodically above rec-
The Lamington River, the major tributary ommended levels during the summer for
The Lamington River, the major tributary
of the North Branch, contains good water
quality with the exception of the headwa- was greater than the State criterion in all of
ters. The Upper Lamington River, as sam- samples collected and averaged .44 mg/l.
pled near Ironia, is generally of fair qual- Total inorganic nitrogen concentration
were also high averaging 2.6 mg/l between

111-204

1983 and 1987. The geometric mean of fecal upgraded for phosphorus removal. Other
coliform during this period was 119 enforcement actions involving facilities
MPN/100ml with 26 percent above 200 impacting stream quality include: Valley
MPN/100ml. Dissolved oxygen appears to Road Sewerage Co. discharge to the Lam-
drop below the 7.0 mg/l criterion for trout ington River (BOD, total chlorine residual
waters at times during warm-weather and dissolved oxygen), Chester Shopping
months. One elevated cadmium level was Center for discharging excessive suspended
recorded on the North Branch at this loca- solids, ammonia, and chlorine to the Lam-
tion during the period of review. ington, Westinghouse Elevator Co. for dis-
charging cooling (this water contains a va-
In the Lower North Branch water quality is riety of pollutants) and storm waters to the
generally good although fecal coliform is Lamington without appropriate permits,
frequently high. Geometric means were 178 Bernardsville Quarry for excessive sus-
and 138 MPN/100 ml at Burnt Mills and pended solids to Mine Brook, and the Mend-
North Branch, respectively. Total phospho- ham Boro STP for excessive ammonia dis-
rus is moderately high at Burnt Mills, aver- charges to India Brook. The Combe Fill
aging .13 mg/l, but concentrations lower at South waste site is contaminating tribu-
North Branch, averaging only .08 mg/l. taries of the Lamington with volatile or-
Dissolved oxygen levels are adequate with ganics.
no measured concentrations below 4.0 mg/l.
Nonpoint Source Assessment
Biomonitoring of the North Branch at North
Branch found generally healthy conditions Active suburban development appears to be
with balanced populations. Macroinverte- the primary nonpoint pollution source in
brate sampling found both a low percentage the North Branch Raritan River watershed.
of clean water species and no pollution tol- The Lamington River is impacted by in-
erant species. Primary productivity was creasing amounts of housing construction
high in 1984 based on chlorophyll a con- along its entire length, many of these de-
centrations. Turbidity and siltation is velopments being on former farmlands.
thought to suppress primary productivity in These developments are suspected of con-
the stream. tributing nutrients and sediments to the
river. Other reported problems arising
The Lamington River, Trout Brook and the from suburban development are increasing
North Branch Raritan River are all assessed urban runoff from storm sewers, leachate
to be supporting healthy fish communities. from septic tanks, and runoff from land
The Lamington and the upper reaches of clearing. Agriculture is a suspected non-
the North Branch Raritan both support cold point source problem largely from crop
water fish species, while in the lower por- production, and from one poorly managed
tion of the North Branch the fish commu- pasture. Rockaway Creek, a tributary to the
nity shifts to one of warm water forms. lower Lamington is reported to have a se-
vere pollution problem from surface mines.
Problem and Goal Assessment The Rockaway is also suspected to be im-
pacted by horse pasture and septic systems
Point Source Assessment in its north branch, and road runoff in its
south branch.
The North Branch Raritan River and tribu-
taries experience water quality degradation The North Branch Raritan River is impacted
in the vicinity of a number of point sources. much the same way as is the Lamington.
The Upper Lamington River, while natu- Active suburban development along much
rally having large diurnal dissolved oxygen of its length, especially in the Pluckemin
fluctuations, contains elevated total phos- and Mendham areas, is known to contribute
phorus primarily from the Roxbury Town- to the excessive loading of nutrients and
ship-Ajax Terrace STP. This facility is to be sediments. Another suspected suburban
pollution source is urban surface runoff,

111-205

which appears to be a declining problem 7 North Branch Raritan River
now due to better stormwater control. Agri- at North Branch,
cultural activities also have an impact in FW-2 Nontrout
this river, primarily through poorly man-
aged pasture lands and feedlots. Pasture
lands are estimated by local authorities to be
an increasing nonpoint problem while the
feedlots are assessed to be in decline due to
an overall decrease in farm activity in the
area.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

Monitored waters of the North Branch and
tributaries are not of swimmable quality be-
cause of fecal coliform concentrations.
However, they do contain generally healthy
fish communities. Recreational fishing for
trout and smallmouth bass is heavy in many
streams of the watershed. Water quality
problems threaten the fisheries in sections
of the Lamington and North Branch.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classification

1 Lamington River near
Ironia,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 Lamington River near
Pottersville,
FW-2 Trout Production

3 Rockaway Creek at
Whitehorse,
FW-2 Nontrout

4 Lamington River at
Burnt Mills,
FW-2 Nontrout

5 North Branch Raritan near
Chester,
FW-2 Trout Production

6 North Branch Raritan River
at Burnt Mills,
FW-2 Nontrout

111-206

ROCKAWAY RIVER
SOUTH BRANCH RARITAN
RIVER

NORTH BRANCH RARITAN RIVER

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

PASSAIC RIVER

RARITAN RIVER
LEGEND
- - --STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
- - - COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS 0 I 2 3 4 8

SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

WATER Ea--QUA TYLI V DE XJMQZ1 LLIL-12-3

North Branch Raritan River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL

STATION TEMP OXYGEN P11 BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS; SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:
II I I ITIII1
LamningtonR AVG
:near Ironia WQI 2 38 7 18 38 10 2 7 41 Fair

:WORST3: June- May- Jan- July- May- Dec- March- April- :58 Fair
:tNONTIS: August July March Sept July Feb May June Nay-July

Lz~mington R AVG7
near WQI 15 6 5 1 i 18 6 2 1818 Good

:WORST3 June- June- Jan- Nov- June- Nov- March- Sept- 30 Fair
:MONTIIS August :August :March Jan August Jan May Nov :June-August

Lamimrgitonn AVG
:at IBurnt : WQI i 2 7 a 8 25 : 16 : 6 2 : 8 15 Good
:Mills Drook : _ :.. _______ : ___ _
:WORST3 July- I August-: August-2 Nov- May- Aug- August- April- :22 Good
MONTIIS Sept Oct Oct Jan July Oc t Oct June : July-Sept

00
!Rockavay AVG
:Creek at WQI 2 6 : 10 : 25 18 : 1 4 6 16 Good
:Whitehouse I I * _____
8ORSTM July- March- : March- : May- June- August- July- June- :30 Fair
MONTHS: Sept May : May : July A August Oct Sept August May-July
I I I_ I I I- --j Pk Iuus I I Ju

NI3Rlnritan : VG :::::
:Viver near WQI 10 8 7 17 7 6 :5 ID :27 Fair,
:Chester : . _ _ _ _ _ _
WORST3: June- June- Dcc- June- July- Sept- March- :48 Fair
:NONTIIS! August : August : Feb : August : Sept Nov may :July-Sept
I I I I I I I

Lh5?.IIU - WatJt&.it1JI*LX ld0XJl)OncI*CriPJJP
WQ1 Condltlon eoncriptlon

0-10 Excellent 110 or milniml rolintlafl 61-50 Foor Pollution In high a.ounts;
VI ter tiems met throughoUt water uses not met.
the yetr.

11-25 Good Ginerally lo x.ount. of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs mt. eetr.'ly
pollutlon; uxter time" high Ievis: -vere. "Fress to
periodically not . et. stras Itle: eIst not met.

26-00 Fair P ollutlion amunt* vnry from ID Insufflclent Dots
nodorsat1 Lo high leveim:
carusIn water tiesO prohibited.

All Index of 20 In equivalont LO the level of wtCer quallty criteria.

HAITRI-UALIITYLMDEXJIIQ II 1983-1987

North Branch Raritan River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

IOVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH !BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS! SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS !AVERAGE AND:

1NB Raritan AVG
River AT WQI I 1 : 1 15 : 21 : 19 6 4 8 :16 Good
Burnt Mills
WRST3: June- :Sept- :August-: July- June- Sept- August- April- :32 Fair
MONTHS: August Nov Oct Sept August Nov Oct June July-Sept

aNB Raritan : AVG
:River at NB WQI 2 a 8 a 20 15 6 2 11 :15 Good

:WORST3: June- June- Aug- I May- I Dec- : August- August- August-:31 Fair
MONTHS: August August Oct July 1 Feb Oct Oct Oct June-August:

L~EGEIifl- IiortlluaJ~jJuyndcxLl)aacrlo~ioa
WQI Condition DoncrIption
0
( 0-010 Excellent ?l or I..nlAl Pollution: 61-80 Poor Pollution In high amounts;
water uncs met througlcut aaater us's not Oct.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low amnontn of 81-100 Very Poor rollution occurs at .-trtsely
porlaatlonl w'ter faea high lavtlm: ..e"re stress to
periodically not met. stream life: water uses not Oet.

26-60 Fair Pollaitlon amounats vary from ID Insufficient Data
oaoersato to hi1gh levele;
certaIn water uses prohibited.

An Index of 20 In equivalont to lae level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: N. BRANCH RARITAN R.
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE, NAME :0 NJPDES 1RECEIVING WATERS 1MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
---------------�-----I-----------I----------I-----
:Branchburg Twp Fox Hollow 5TP0D020338 :Trib. to N. Branch :Somerville Boro/Som :Municipal
I~~ :Raritan River I
:Vianini. Pipe Inc. :0032328 :Chambers Brook :Somerville Boro/Som I~nd./Comm.I
IReadington Twp. Bd. of Ed. :0026677 :Holland Brook Readington Twp./Hunt:MunicipalI
:Taylor Forge Stainless :0003638 :N. Branch Raritan R.:Branchburg Twp/SomerIlnd./Comm.I
:Print Products Division :0003158 :Trib to Chambers Brk!Branchburg Twp/Somer:Ind./Comm.I
:RCA Corp. Solid State Plant :0002569 :Raritan River :Bridgewtr. Twp/Somer:Ind./Comm.
:Chester Shopping Mall :0026824 IN. Branch Raritan R.:!Chester Boro/Morris !Ind./Comm.
:County Concrete Corp. :0002861 IBlack River IRoxbury Twp./Morris :Ind./Comm.
Ol1dwick Materials Inc. :0002197 :Rockaway Creek :Tewksbury Twp/Hunter:Ind./Comm.
:A.M. Best Co. :0028452 IN. Br. Rockaway Crk. Tewskbury Twp/Hunter:Ind./Comm.
:John Z. Delorean :0027227 b~amington River :Bedminster Twp/Somer:Ind./Comm
:Bedminster Twp. STP :0028495 :N. Br. Raritan River:Bedminster Twp/Somer;Municipal
:Environmental Disposal Corp. :0033995 I!Raritan River :Bedminster Twp/Somer:Ind./Comm.
:Peapack-Gladstone STP :0021881 :Peapack Brook :Peapack-Gladstone/ :Municipal
0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:Somerset
'Bernardsville Boro STP :0026387 :Mine Brook Bernardsville Boro/ :Municipal
I I I - ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~: Somerville
:Bernardsville Quarry Inc. :0029637 :Mine Brook :Bernardsville Boro/ :Ind./Comm.
I I I :~~~~~~~~~~~~SomervilleI
Branchburg Township of :0020362 :Tri to Chambers Brk :Branchburg Twp/Somer!Municipal
IDuring Farms Inc. :0031488 :Rockaway Creek :Whitehouse Station/! Thermal/Ind:
I I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~HunterdonI
:Readington-Lebanon S.A. 10098922 : Rockaway Creek I Readington Twp./Hunt:MunicipalI
:Valley~ Road Sewerage Co. :0022781 :Lamington R. :Tewksbury/Hunterdon :Municipal
:Roxbury Twp - Ajax STP :0022675 lLamington R. :Roxbury/Morris :MunicipalI
:Mendham Boro STP :0021334 :India Brook IMendham/Somerset :Municipal

------------------------------------------------

26. MILLSTONE RIVER good overall water quality, but contains fair
conditions during summer months. Both fe-
cal coliform and total phosphorus are mod-
Watershed Description erately excessive, averaging 130 MPN/100ml
and .19 mg/I, respectively. Dissolved oxy-
The Millstone River drains an area of 271 gen concentrations were above 4.0 mg/l at
square miles that include parts of Hunter- all times, but percent saturation periodi-
don, Somerset, Middlesex, Mercer, and Mon- cally falls below 80 percent. At Grovers Mill
mouth Counties. This river is 38 miles long the Millstone River attains its worst water
and flows from Millstone Township in quality. Here the river contains fair to poor
Monmouth County to the Raritan River near water quality with conditions degrading
Manville and Bound Brook. For most of the further during late late spring/early sum-
lower half of the river it flows adjacent to mer. Both total phosphorus and total inor-
the Delaware and Raritan Canal. The popu- ganic nitrogen are highly elevated, aver-
lation centers in this drainage basin are aging .32 mg/l and 3.4 mg/l, respectively.
Princeton Township and Borough, Manville, Fecal coliform exceeded State criterion in 57
South Brunswick, East and West Windsors percent of all samples collected and had a
Township, Hightstown, and Pennington. geometric mean 226 MPN/100 mi. Although
Major tributaries include Stony Brook (21 dissolved oxygen concentrations were only
miles), Cranbury Brook, Bear Brook, Ten occasionally measured below 4.0 mg/l, when
Mile River, Six Mile River, and Bedens Brook analyzed as percent saturation, it was below
(10 miles). The largest impoundment in this 80 percent in 65 percent of the values and
area is Carnegie Lake in Princeton, but averaged only 70 percent. Biochemical
there are a large number of smaller lakes in oxygen demand often is greater than 4.0
the watershed. Sub-watersheds include mg/l. One elevated concentration of lead
Stony Brook and the Upper and Lower Mill- and copper was also found in the period re-
stone. viewed.

The land use in the Millstone watershed is Stony Brook, a tributary of Carnegie Lake, is
primarily suburban development with sampled at Princeton. Water quality here is
scattered agricultural areas. Extensive and fair with conditions slightly worse during
recent development is present in the Upper winter months. Nutrients (primarily phos-
Millstone watershed. Of the 43 NJPDES per- phorus) and fecal coliform appear to be the
mitted discharges here, 23 are municipal main problem indicators in the brook. Total
and 20 are industrial/commercial. All sur- phosphorus averaged .08 mg/l with 83 per-
face waters in the Millstone basin are clas- cent of the values greater than the .05 mg/l
sified FW-2 Nontrout. State criterion. Fecal coliform exceeded its
recommended level in 41 percent of the
Water Quality Assessment samples analyzed and had a geometric mean
of 248 MPN/100ml. Dissolved oxygen satu-
ration is frequently above 120 percent indi-
Seven ambient monitoring stations cur-
rently exist in the Millstone watershed.
They are: the Millstone River near Manala-
They atGre: the Mill stone River near Manala- At the outlet of Carnegie Lake the Millstone
pan, at Grovers Mill, at Kingston, at Black-waters ex-
wells Mills and at Weston; Stony Brook at
Princeton; and Bedens Brook near Rocky cept during summer months when good-fair
Princeton; and Bedens Brook near Rocky conditions are present. Total phosphorus
Hill. Results of this monitoring from 1983 conditions are present Total phosphorus
through 1987 shows generally good to fair and total inorganic nitrogen were above
recommended levels in 72 and 22 percent of
the samples collected, respectively. The ge-
ometric mean of fecal coliform was 132
The Upper Millstone River (above Carnegie o metric mean of fecal coliform was 132
Lake) is sampled near Manalapan and MPN/100ml with 29 percent greater than
Grovers Mill. The Manalapan location has 200 MPN/100ml. Downstream at Blackwells
Mills water quality degrades to fair quality.

111-211

Nutrients and bacterial levels are higher, mary productivity, possibly influenced by
and dissolved oxygen saturation is lower. siltation in the river.
The Millstone at Blackwells Mills seems to be
highly enriched. Total phosphorus aver- The Millstone River is assessed by the New
aged .34 mg/l, while inorganic nitrogen had Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife as
a mean value of 2.5 mg/l. Fecal coliform ex- supporting a moderately degraded warm
ceeded recommended criterion in 66 per- water fish community along its entire
cent of the samples and had a geometric length.
mean of 268 MPN/100ml. Dissolved oxygen
saturation averaged only 85 percent from Problem and Goal Assessment
1983 through 1987 with nearly one-quarter
of the values below the 80 percent level. Point Source Assessment

The final monitoring station on the Mill- The Millstone River's most severe problem
stone River before it joins the Raritan River is elevated nutrient concentrations.
is located at Weston. Water quality is similar Sources of the nutrients are suspected of
to what is found at Blackwells Mills, with being primarily from point sources. The
fair conditions existing. Total phosphorus wasteload allocation study identified treat-
and total inorganic nitrogen concentrations ment plant effluent from Hightstown and
remain elevated, but fecal coliform and dis- East Windsor as the major cause for dis-
solved oxygen saturation readings are solved oxygen and nutrient problems in the
somewhat better. Late spring and early river. Because of the need for additional
summer months brings reduced water qual- sewage flows in the upper watershed level
ity at this location. 4+ treatment will be required during criti-
cal low flow periods. In the Lower Millstone
Bedens Brook, a tributary to the Lower Mill- River, the Stony Brook Regional SA up-
stone, has generally fair water quality. This graded their discharge to include nitrifica-
stream, however, also experiences elevated tion, but the facility will have to enlarge in
fecal coliform and total phosphorus con- the near future to accommodate new devel-
centrations. Total inorganic nitrogen also opment in the region.
periodically is elevated. High dissolved oxy-
gen saturation levels indicate supersatu- Department enforcement actions involving
rated conditions in the brook during sum- facilities having an impact on surface water
mer months. quality in the Millstone watershed include:
the Valley Road Sewerage Co. River Road
In 1987 a modeling study of the Upper Mill- discharge to the Millstone, Carrier Founda-
stone (Rocky Brook to Carnegie Lake) was tion discharging to the Millstone River
completed by the Department for deter- high amounts of suspended solids and phos-
mining appropriate point source wasteload phorus, the Hightstown STP discharge to
allocations. This study found nitrogenous Rocky Brook, the Hopewell Twp. discharge
biochemical oxygen demand was the major to Honey Branch, and the East Windsor MUA
dissolved oxygen sink in the river, and that discharge to the Millstone River.
the lower sections of the study area is en-
riched with ammonia from treatment plant Nonpoint Source Assessment
discharges. Phosphorus appears to be the
limiting nutrient. The predominant nonpoint pollution
sources in the Millstone watershed are those
Biomonitoring of the Millstone River at associated with suburban development
Blackwells Mills has found a favorable but which is on the increase throughout the
enriched stream environment. Filter feed- watershed. Runoff from construction sites,
ers comprised a majority of the macroin- suburban surfaces, storm sewers and roads
vertebrates collected. Periphyton sampling are contributing to excessive sediment
over time has found highly variable pri- loading. Septic systems are also believed to

111-212

be a potential pollution problem throughout FW-2 Nontrout
the watershed. In the upper reaches of the
Millstone River, this source may also be a 3 Stony Brook at Princeton,
threat to the ground water. FW-2 Nontrout

Nonpoint pollution associated with agricul- 4 Millstone River at Kingston,
ture is limited in this watershed to the re- FW-2 Nontrout
gions drained by Etra and Peddie lakes,
Cranbury Brook, and the lower reaches of 5 Bedens Brook near
the Millstone near its confluence with the Rocky Hill,
Raritan River. Sediments, nutrients, and FW-2 Nontrout
pesticides are suspected of coming from
croplands, and are believed to be severe in 6 Millstone River at
the East Windsor area where chronic fish Blackwells Mills,
kills have occurred. It is a combination of FW-2 Nontrout
agricultural and urban runoff along with
local sewage treatment plant effluent which 7 Millstone River at Weston,
is suspected of degrading the fish commu- FW-2 Nontrout
nities in the upper Millstone River.

Other nonpoint pollution sources have been
reported in the Millstone watershed. Fuel
oil spills have occurred in the Upper Mill-
stone, causing fish kills. Landfills are as-
sessed as problems, both in the upper water-
shed where recreational usage and ground
water are impacted, and in South Brunswick
where leachate from a municipal landfill
has been noted by local authorities as a
problem.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Millstone River and tributaries contain
moderately degraded fisheries, and as such,
it is considered to be partially meeting the
fish propagation/maintenance use. The
monitored waters of the Millstone River and
tributaries are classified as not swimmable
because of excessive fecal bacteria concen-
trations.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station name
and Classification

1 Millstone River near
Manalapan,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 Millstone River at
Grovers Mill,

111-213

RARITAN RIVER
MILLSTONE RIVER

SOUTH BRANCH 1 NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
SOUTH BRANCH
RARITAN RIVER = INVENTORY REPORT

f \g \% \C~~~~~SOUTH RIVER

D I4

0 1 2 3 4 8

SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

WMIiT E QUAL1T3_YIjUL~a__WUL&AaI U-U-Ian

Millstone River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN 1 PH !BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS! SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:

:Millstone R :IAVG
:near :wQI :2 12 4 27 23 3 :8 :22Good
Manalapan : _ _ : _ _ : _ _ : _ _ _ _ _ : ___
:WOsT3: June- May- : June- July- : May- Sept- Sept- 32 Fair
:MONTHS: August July August Sept 1 July 1Nov Nov ;July-Sept

Millsone R AVG
:at Grovers : WQI 1 4 36 5 29 61 5 2 14 :6OFair/Poor:

NORST3: June- August- ! March- May- Nov- I Dec- April- 1 Sept- :73 Poor
MONTHS: August Oct May 1 July Jan Feb June 1 Nov May-July
I . I I

Stony Brook AVG
at Princeton: WQI 2 15 8 28 3.2 6 5 6 31 Fair
I I II I I I- I I
WORST3: June- July- March- Dec- Oct- July- March- August-:40 Fair
MONTHS: August Sept : May Feb Dec Sept May Oct Jan-March

IBedens Brook: AVG
:near Rocky :WQI 3 13 7 33 22 6 4 5 :27Fair
! il l : __ : _ _ _ _ _ _ : __ : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
!WORST3: June- June- June- Sept- July- July- June- March- :42 Fair
:MONTHS: August : August August Nov Sept Sept :August : May Sept-Nov

:Millstone AVG
:niver at WQI 6 5 18 22 21 5 8 9 :22 Good
:Kingston : - - _ _ .: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ : _ _ _ _ : _ _ _ _ :. _ _ _ _ _ _ : _ _ _ _ _
,WORST3: July- August-: Sept- April- April- iDec- July- June- 25 Good
MONTHS: Sept Oct Nov June June Feb Sept August Sept-Nov

L6F.Gil l- Xa.torQulU~JIIIdcX.J~ecrIDJ.IDfl
WQI Condition Doacription
0-10 Excllent lb or -Ininal Pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollutin in high anounts;
URater ucce net throughout water use, not set.
tLe year.

11-25 Cooat Generally 104 aloln ow 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at. r-tren-ly
polli'ton: Lat ur.e high loe.s; -rvere tress to
periodically not met. stream life; -Ater uses not met.

26-GO Fair Polluition amoants vary fron 1D Insufficient Dsts
nodersta to high levnls;
certain later uses prohibited.

An Index of 20 to equivalent to tiaC level of water quality criteria.

WATER IJAL1T7L1HDEKXROF~'ILE_1983z198T

Millstone River Continued
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

(OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH1 :!BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:
00-NDI-T I QN-_:
:Millstone AVG 1
~River at, : WQ1I 3 14 8 28 34 5 13 ~ 31 Fair
;Dlackwells _ __ : ___
Mills WORST3 June- April- April- May- May- Oct- Jan- July- 43 Fair
:MONTIIS August June June July July Dec March Sept May-July

Millstone AVG
River at WQI 3 12 4 28 33 5 3 6 :28 Fair
Weston
WORST3 July- April.- Feb- May- Nov- July- June- Oct- 50 Fair
MONTHS: Sept June April July Jan Sept August Dec May-July

L.F.UElIII- kHator~u&1iiy-lndcJl.D~ftcriPJJ~f
I~) CondItLon Dascriptlon
0) 0-10 Excellent Ito or Inlimal pollution; 61-0O Poor rollutlon in high amounts:
water uses met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lea meounto of el-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at *strmemly
Pollation; water uses high leeIls; Ks.ere "trees to
periodically not met. stresa life; -ater uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollaation amounts vary from 10 Insufficient Data
soderato to high levela:
certain voter uses prohibited.

Aaa Iaadex of 20 is equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: MILLSTONE RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME 4f NJPDES : RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Johnson +Johnson Baby Prod. :0026140 ',Back Brk. !Montgmy.Twp/Somersetllnd./Comm.
:Carrier Foundation :0023663 ICruisers Brk. : Montgmy. Twp/Somerset;:Municipal
:Bedens Brook Club :0032417 :Bedens Brook IMontgmy.Twp/Somerset:Ind./Comm.
:Gen. Serv. Admn.-Public Bldg.:0020656 :Br. of Cruisers Brk.lHillsboro Twp./Somer:Municipal
:Service 1
:Montgomery Twp. STP 0t1-Burnt :,0026891 !Back Brook 'Montgmy.Twp/Somerset,,Municipal
:Hill
;Montgomery Twp. STP l02 :0026905 lkNillstone R. ~ Montgmy .Twp/Somerset :Municipal
:Mon~tgomery STP i03-Sleepy :0026913 :Pike Brk. :Montgmy.Twp/SomersetjMunicipal
:Hollow
:Montgomery Ed. of Ed.-Burnt
IHill :0023124 jKings Crk. :Montgmy.Twp/SomersetjMunicipal
Princeton Sewer Operating :0020796 :Millstone R. :Princeton Boro/Mercr:Municipal
:comm. i
- Valley Rd. Sewer Co.-River Rd!0022764 :Royce Bk. :Hillsboro Twp./Somer:Municipal
'Stony Brook Reg. S.A. :0031119 :Millstone R. ' ,Princeton Twp./Mercr;Municipal
:Ingersoll-Rand Res. Inc. :0032565 :Millstone R. ~ Montgmy. Twp/Somer. :Ind./Comm.
1RCA Corp. :0002534 :Millstone R. !S. Brunswk. Twp/Mids;Ind./Comm.
:Lincoln Prop. Co. Util. :0024104 :Cranbury Brook :Plansboro Twp/Midsex:Municipal
!East Windsor MUA :0023787 :Millstone River :E. Windsor Twp/Mercr:Municipal
lFaloona Robert Chemical E. :0033821 :Hightstown Sewer :,Hightstown Boro/Mrcr!Ind./Comm.
!Jefferson Pk. Trmt. Plant :0022551 :Bridgroom Run :W. Windsor Twp/Mercr!Municipal
lHightstown Boro. Plant 10029475 :Rocky Brk.-MillstoneHightstwn Boro/Mercr:Municipal
:Hightstown Boro. STP 10003832 IRocky Br. :Hightstwn Boro/Mercr:Municipal
;Coca-Cola Co. Foods Div. :0004561 :Big Bear Brook :Hightstwn Boro/Mercrjlnd./Comm.
~Standard Pkg./National Metal :0032611 :Shallow Brk. :Cranbury Twp./Midsex:1nd./Comm.
!Carter-Wallace: 2 Plants :0002666 :Cranbury Brook :Cranbury Twp./Midsex:Ind./Comm.
Minnesota :0003255 lRoaring Brook ~ Belle Mead/Somerset !Industrial
!Aethina Gas Products :0036021 :Royce's Brook :Belle Mead/Somerset :Thermal
!Riverside Farms Sewage :0050130 :Millstone River :Montgomery !Municipal
:North Princeton Dev SLF :,0022390 IPocky Brook :Skillman :Municipal
!Princeton Plasma Physics Lab :0023922 :Millstone River !Plainsboro :Industrial
\-------------------------------------------------

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: MILLSTONE RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME :4# NJPDES :RECIEVING WIATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY,' TYPE

ICoiumbian Chemical Con 10000191 ;Heathcote Brook IMonmouth Junct/Midd :Ind
!Pennington Quarry '0032263 !Baldwins Creek !Kingston/Midd : Id
:NL Chemicals 10004243 :Millstone River ~Hightstown/Mercer :Ind/ThermalU
:David Sarnoff Research CenterOOOO0272 :Millstone River !Ocean Gate Boro/Mer !Ind/Thermall
1FMC Corp :0027731 ~Millstone River !Princeton/Mercer :Ind/Thermal:
:Stony Brook Reg. SA 10035301 !Stony Brook P~rinceton/Mercer :Municipal
:Mobil Research & Dev Co :0000795 !Stony Brook ~ Hopewell/Mercer :Industrial
:Hopewell Township MUA 10022560 :Honey Brook Trib lHopewell/Mercer !Municipal
:Stony Brook Reg SA 10035319 !Stony Brook lPrinceton/Mercer INunicipal
!Princeton SOC :0020770 !Stony Brook !Princeton/Mercer ~Municipal
:Ed. Testing Service :0022110 ;Stony Brook :Princeton/Mercer :Municipal
:Princeton Theological Semn. !0023205 !Stony Brook : Princeton/Mercer M unicipal
:Benton Fibre Drum Co :0060992 ~Millstone River :Lower Millstone/Mon :Industrial
~NJE Corp 10057339 jLower Millstone 'South Brunswick/Midd:Industrial
- :~AT&T ~0000809 :Stony Brook ~ Mercer :Industrial
jHopewell Regional School :0032905 :Stony Brook :Pennington/Mercer :Municipal
OD

--------------------------------------------------------

27. SOUTH RIVER good overall water quality, but the Manala-
pan location experiences only fair condi-
tions during the summer months. Both total
Watershed Description phosphorus and fecal coliform are higher
at Manalapan, exceeding State criteria in 90
The South River drains an area of 133 and 31 percent, respectively, of the samples
square miles. It begins at Duhernal Lake in collected between 1983 and 1987. At
Spotswood, Middlesex County and flows Spotswood, Manalapan Brook contained total
through the County to the Raritan River at phosphorus and fecal coliform concentra-
Sayreville. Tides affect this 10 mile water- tions above criteria in 55 and 31 percent of
way from Duhernal Lake to the outfall into the samples, respectively. Dissolved oxygen
the Raritan River. The South River is measured as concentration and percent sat-
formed by the confluence of Manalapan (20 uration appears adequate for the protection
miles long) and Matchaponix (15 miles) of warm-water fisheries. Manalapan and
Brooks. Other tributaries include Deep Matchaponix Brooks are both moderately
River and Tennants Brook. The major im- acidic waterways, but pH in Manalapan
poundments are Duhernal Lake and Lake Brook at Spotswood often falls below 4.5 SU.
Manalapan. The population of this drainage This may be due to highly acidic soils being
area is concentrated in Spotswood, Old disturbed from development activities.
Bridge, East Brunswick, and Sayreville.
Sub-watersheds include Manalapan Brook, Matchaponix Brook conentrations than Manalapan
Matchaponix Brooknutrient concentrations than Manalapan
Brook. Total phosphorus has averaged .16
Agriculture and forests probably still ac- mg/l with 85 percent above the criterion of
count for the major portion of land uses in .05 mg/l for waters flowing into a im-
the upper watershed (Manalapan and poundment. Total inorganic nitrogen is also
Matchaponix Brooks), but there is much elevated, exceeding 2.0 mg/l in 75 percent
new industrial and residential development of the samples and averaging 3.0 mg/l. To-
in these watersheds with older existing de- tal Kjeldahl nitrogen is also periodically
velopment along the South River. There are excessive. Dissolved oxygen concentrations
17 NJPDES permitted discharges in the wa- occasionally drops below 4.0 mg/l during
tershed, 8 are municipal and 9 are indus- summer months, and saturation averages
trial/ commercial. Waters have been classi- only 77 percent. Fecal coliform concentra-
fled FW-2 Nontrout and SE-i. tions are similar to those found in Manala-
pan Brook, having a geometric mean from
WaeterQuality Assessment 1983 to 1987 of 116 MPN/100ml. Conditions in
Matchaponix Brook degrade significantly
Three ambient monitoring stations exists in during low-flow months.
the South River watershed. They are Man-
alapan Brook near Manalapan and at
Spotswood, and Matchaponix Brook at South River between 1981 and 1983 found
Spotswood, and Matchaponix Brook at
Spotswood. A fourth station, the South River generally good conditions. In summer
at Old Bridge, was discontinued in 1983. The months, the river has marginal water qual-
three existing stations are analyzed below ity. During summer months reduced flows
Manalapan Brook has good quality surface over Duhera Lake dam aows brackish
waters, while Matchaponix Brook is of fair
quality. The South River had good water
quality based on past monitoring earlier in Manalapan Brook, Matchaponix Brook,
the decade. South River, and Deep Run were all assessed
by the New Jersey Division of Fish, Game
Manalapan Brook experiences a moderate and Wildlife as supporting healthy warm
improvement in water quality as one travels water fish communities.
downstream. Both monitoring stations have

111-219

Problem and Goal Assessment loadings, flooding, and a reduction in the
quality of fish habitat. This is especially se-
Point Source Assessment vere in the Manalapan Township region of
Monmouth County. Runoff from construc-
Water quality in Manalapan and tion sites is reported to be a severe and in-
Matchaponix Brooks is influenced by both creasing problem along Matchaponix Brook.
point and nonpoint sources. Manalapan Also judged to be impacting these two
Brook contains a few small wastewater dis- brooks is septic tank leachate, and stream
charges that may have localized impacts on bank destabilization. Agricultural impacts
water quality. Matchaponix Brook, how- to both brooks are evaluated to be largely
ever, receives wastewaters from a regional sediment loads coming from increasing lo-
sewage treatment system in the headwaters cal cropland runoff.
area. This facility may be responsible for
the high nutrient concentrations found in The South River receives nonpoint source
the brook. The treatment system has been pollution largely from developed lands.
upgraded to perform advanced nitrogen Construction activities and severe stream
removal. bank modification are known to have con-
tributed to silt loads and local flooding. In-
A number of hazardous waste sites are found creasing amounts of runoff from urban
in the South River watershed, many of surfaces, roads and storm sewers are sus-
which are on the National Priority pected of contributing to nutrient and sedi-
(Superfund) List. Two sites are suspected of ment loading. In addition, this stream is
contaminating local surface waters: the believed to be possibly threatened with toxic
Sayreville Landfill which is adjacent to the contamination from the Burnt Fly Bog waste
South River (releasing pesticides and disposal site located near Deep Run, a tribu-
volatile organics) and the Viking Terminal tary to the South River.
also adjacent to the South River (containing
mirex). Designated Use and Goal Assessment

Nonpoint Source Assessment Waters of the South River and tributaries
will meet the fish propaga-
Land uses in this watershed are primary tion/maintenance designated use and goal,
agricultural and suburban/commerical, but state fisheries biologists feel that these
with significant amounts of residential and fish communities are threatened with vari-
commercial development continuing to take ous point and nonpoint sources. The moni-
place. Agricultural soil erosion in the wa- tored sections of Manalapan and
tershed is considered to be moderate by the Matchaponix Brooks are not considered
Soil Conservation Service. Manalapan and swimmable because of high fecal coliform
Matchaponix Brooks appear to receive non- levels.
point source pollution primarily from areas
of suburban development. A major threat to Monitoring Station List
the fisheries of both streams is the runoff
coming from acid-producing soils of the re- Map Number Station Name
gion. When exposed to air and water, as and Classification
during construction, these soils produce
sulfuric acid which when washed in to 1 Manalapan Brook near Manalapan,
rivers in runoff, can cause a sudden and FW-2 Nontrout
sometimes long lasting pH depression. This
in turn can have a deleterious effect on the 2 Matchaponix Brook at Spotswood,
aquatic biota of the receiving stream. In FW-2 Nontrout
addition, increasing amounts of construc-
tion activity coupled with urban surface 3 Manalapan Brook at Spotswood,
and road runoff have all contributed to silt FW-2 Nontrout

111-220

RARITAN RIVER

/ Ys ('LK ',
SOUTH RIVERR
-/> L EY S( -___

- ' --< / ( NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALIT
'L ' ~j v X >tINVENTORY REPORT
\ /'-< DHET .P

\ <-"-./ ./ \ NAVESINK RIVER

ro MILLSTON RIVER
~r\)o\ P

MANASQUAN RIVER

LEGEND

STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
COUNTY BOUNDARIES
.-....- MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
_ WATERSHED BOUNDARIES O 1 2 3 4 8
WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BA

WA.T~]L91ALLTY-ANIDEXJ2RPIbIE~LI~jL1~_9Q7

South River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH ;BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:
~~~~I I I I I~LUTIL
Manalapan AVG
:orookr near WQI 2 6 7 20 37 3 o 5 24 Good
Manalapan i _____ _____ ____ _ _ _ _ __ ____ _____
WORST3: June- Oct- Sept- August-: June- Nov- June- 31 Fair
IMONTHS: August Dec Nov Oct August Jan August August-Oct

Manalapani AVG
Brook at 2Q8 2 21 15 22 4 0 7 :18 Good
Spotswoo _ _____ ____ : ____ : ___ _ _ _ _ _ ___
WOpSTu June- July- Oct- July- Nov- Dec- Sept- :22 Good
MONTHS: Aug Sept Dec Sept Jan Feb Nov :August-Oct

:Matchaponlx :AVG
Brook at WQI 2 21 9 17 36 6 1 12 30 Fair
Spotswood
:NWRST3: July- July- : Jan- July- Jan- Nov- July- April- :50 Fair
MONTHS Sept Sept March Sept March JAn Sept June July-Sept

bltl- t~Lar~ualLyin~ldcxJ~oaciip1clo
no I Condition Doacriptlon
0-10 Excellent Ho or .1nimAl pollution: 61-80 floor Pollution in high amounts;
Pater uses met throughout sater uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Genermlly los. mountn of 81-100 very Poor Pollution occurs at matr-mely
pollution; saetr 'sene high l xvis: smvere stre-n to
periodically not Met, strea. Ile: water uses not met.

26--0 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
mod'ersto to high levela;
certain s.nter unon prohibited.
Au Index of 20 in equivalent Lo tim level of sater quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: SOUTH RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME j# NJPDES RECIEVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY! TYPE
----------------------- ----- ----------------------------- !-------
!Hercules Inc 10001023 :South River !Sayreville/Middsex :Ind/Comm
:E.I. Dupont-F&F Dept 10000159 jPond Creek :Sayreville/Middsex jInd/Comm
'E.I. Dupont-Photo Prod 0006 Slvr re Sayreville/Middsex I~nd/Comm
IQuigley Co.., Inc 10028771 !Deep Run & South R !E. Brunswick/Midsex :Ind/Comm
jBusch Ind Pro Corp ~ 0002470 :South River ;E. Brunswick/Mideex jInd/Comm
~Old Bridge Bd of Ed 10022306 !Tennetts Brook :Old Bridge/Middsex :Municipal
!Western Monmouth Utilities 10023728 jMatchaponix Brook :Manalapan/Monmouth 'Municipal
:Englishtown Boro WT 10003921 1 Matchaponix Brook :Englishtown/Monmouth:1Municipal
!Freehold Boro WTP 10029190 !McGallairds Brook !Freehold/Monmouth :Municipal
!Wickatunk Village :0026816 :Deep Run :Morganville/Monmouth:Ind/Mun
~Marlboro MUA :0031887 !Deep Run :Wickatunk/Monmouth j~nd/Mun
:Edgeboro MUA 10031071 ISouth River : E. Brunswick/Midd !Ind/Mun
;Jamesburg School For Boys 10028479 Matchaponix B~rook :Monroe/Midd Municipal
:B&J Warren And Sons, Inc ~0053473 jManalapan Brook ~Monroe/Midd : Industrial
lWater Treatment Plant 1 :0063851 IMillford Br. :Manalapan/Mon IMunicipalI
: Water Treatment Plant 5 :0067181 :Tepehemus Br. IManalapan/Mon !Municipal
:BFI Monroe Twp SLF 10099988 IMatchaponix Br. :Jamesburg/Mon :Municipal
I I

-------------------------------------------------

Water Quality Assessment
28. RARITAN RIVER
The Raritan River is currently monitored at
three locations in the river. These locations
Watershed Description are at Raritan, Manville, and from the
Queens Bridge at South Bound Bridge.
The Raritan River, its tributaries, and
branches drain an area totalling over 1100 The Raritan River at Raritan and Manville
square miles. The Raritan River basin is the contains generally good water quality. At
largest river basin located entirely within Manville conditions worsen to fair quality
New Jersey. The mainstem, 31 miles long, during the late spring-early summer pe-
drains parts of Somerset, Union, Middlesex, riod. The similar conditions at the two loca-
and Monmouth Counties before emptying tions is exemplified in the water quality data
into the Raritan Bay. Tides affect this wa- collected between 1983 and 1987. Total
terway to the Fieldsville Dam upstream of phosphorus and fecal coliform often appear
New Brunswick. The Delaware and Raritan in elevated levels. Total phosphorus aver-
Canal flows alongside the Raritan River aged .1 mg/l at both Raritan and Manville.
from the confluence of the Millstone River Approximately 50 percent of all phosphorus
to New Brunswick. Major tributaries to the values from the two stations were in excess
Raritan are the North and South Branches, of the recommended State criterion. Total
Millstone River, South River, Green Brook, inorganic nitrogen was greater than 2.0
and Lawrence Brook. The section of the mg/l in 15 percent of the samples from
Raritan basin reviewed here is the main- Raritan and 10 percent from Manville. Fe-
stem of the Raritan River from the conflu- cal coliform had geometric means of 132 and
ence of the North and South Branches to 158 MPN/100ml at Raritan and Manville, re-
Raritan Bay, and small tributaries. For the spectively. Fecal coliform violated State
most part, this drainage area is densely criterion in less than one-half of all sam-
populated, with the centers of population ples collected at the two stations. Dissolved
being Plainfield, New Brunswick, Perth oxygen was above 4.0 mg/i in all samples
Amboy, Edison, South Amboy, Sayreville, from 1983 to 1987, while biochemical oxy-
Bound Brook, Somerville, Manville, Piscat- gen demand was generally under 3.0 mg/l.
away, Metuchen, and Bridgewater. There
are two low dams in the river, Fieldsville Downstream at South Bound Brook ambient
Dam and Calco Dam. Among the many small monitoring has detected fair water quality
recreational lakes and ponds in this area with conditions worsening in the summer
are Watchung Lake, Suprise Lake, Spring period. The river here has experienced
Lake, and Green Brook Pond (all manmade). major changes in water quality within the
past decade. In 1981 the Raritan River ex-
The land use in this watershed is primarily perienced very poor conditions during low
urban/suburban, with industrial and com- flow periods. Extremely high nutrient con-
mercial centers throughout. There are 73 centrations and low dissolved oxygen satu-
NJPDES permitted discharges here, 12 of ration indicated a severely stressed stream.
which are municipal and the remainder in- However, between 1981 to 1985 conditions
dustrial/commercial. Fifteen discharges go improved in the river. While nutrients
to Raritan Bay and tributaries. Classifica- (phosphorus and nitrogen containing com-
tions of waters in the Lower Raritan River pounds) are still elevated, concentrations
watershed are FW-2 Trout Maintenance, FW- are one-third to one-half of those recorded
2 Nontrout, and SE-1. in 1981. Total phosphorus values averaged
.22 mg/i from 1983 to 1987, compared to .64
mg/l in 1981. Fecal coliform continues to be
found at problematic levels, having a geo-
metric mean of 752 MPN/100ml from 1983 to

111-224

1987. Dissolved oxygen appears to be ade- Problem and Goal Assessment
quate in this section of the river, but large
diurnal fluctuations during warm weather Point Source Assessment
are still expected. The significant im-
provements in the Raritan River at South The Raritan River appears to be heavily in-
Bound Brook can be attributed to the grad- fluenced by both point and nonpoint
ual reduction in discharge flows from the sources. The elimination of the American
American Cyanamid facility. In 1985 the Cyanamid discharge, as noted above, has re-
company's discharge was eliminated with sulted in improvements in river water
flows transferred to the Somerset Raritan quality. However, a number of DWR en-
Valley SA treatment plant. forcement actions are now underway. Fa-
cilities that are under such action which
The NJDEP's Division of Science and Re- are having known impacts on surface water
search has performed extensive work in the quality include: Somerset Raritan Valley
Raritan River to study the fate and trans- Sewerage Authority's discharge to Cuckels
port of toxic substances in 1982 and 1983. Brook, the Manville STP discharge to the
The results of this study was throughly de- Raritan River, the Stavola Construction
scribed in the 1982 and 1986 305(b) reports, Materials discharge to Middle Brook, the
but are summarized here. Water samples Conrail Tile Drain discharge to the Raritan
were analyzed for priority pollutants. River, the Raritan River Steel discharge to
Sediments were analyzed for priority pol- the Raritan River, and a Middlesex County
lutants as well as grain size. The water UA discharge to the Raritan River. A num-
analyses showed that the volatile organics ber of hazardous waste sites are located in
were the most frequently occurring or- the Raritan River watershed, many of
ganic compounds. Chloroform, toluene, which are on the National Priority List.
ethylbenzene, and 1, 1, 2, 2-tetra- Sites that are impacting surface waters in-
chloroethylene were found at levels up to 50 clude: Blue Spruce International (Raritan
ug/l in almost every sample. Copper, zinc, River), Chemical Insecticide Corporation
arsenic, and silver were the most fre- (Mill Creek), Horseshoe Road Dump (Raritan
quently occurring metals. River), Kin-Buc Inc. (Edmonds Creek and
Raritan River), Renora Inc. (Mill Creek),
The sediment analyses detected organic and Rhone-Poulene/Reagent Chemical
compounds rather infrequently. Metals (Raritan River).
were detected in every sample. Copper and
zinc were detected at the highest levels, Nonpoint Source Assessment
most likely due to their geologic abundance.
Lead was also detected at elevated levels. The Raritan River is impacted by nonpoint
Fine grain sediments were positively cor- source pollution from urban/suburban de-
related to the metal concentrations; metals velopment throughout its length. Addi-
were also strongly intercorrelated meaning tional nonpoint source pollution from land-
that when one was high others were also el- fill leachate is suspected in the lower por-
evated. tions of the river. Runoff from urban sur-
faces, storm sewers and roadways are all
The Raritan River, from the confluence of believed to be an increasing problem in the
the North and South Branches downstream watershed. Additional contamination
to the confluence with the Millstone River, sources are suspected from the land disposal
is assessed as supporting a healthy warm of wastewater and from local chemical
water fish community. Below the conflu- spills.
ence with the Millstone down to the Land-
ing Lane Bridge in New Brunswick, the Construction activities are noted to be active
river's fishery is judged to be moderately in the Peters Brook area of the Upper Rari-
degraded. tan sub-watershed, and in Franklin and
Warren Townships in the Lower Raritan

111-225

sub-watershed. The result of this urbaniza-
tion is an increase in the nutrient and
sediment loads which the river must absorb,
as well as an increase in local flooding.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Raritan River will only partially meet
clean water goals and State designated uses.
The entire river is not swimmable, and only
the freshwater portions can be considered
to be meeting the fish propagation and
maintenance use/goal. The fisheries in this
part of the river are thought to be threat-
ened by the pollution sources present. In
the tidal section of the river a moderately
degraded fisheries is present and there is a
fishing advisory because of PCBs contami-
nation in certain fishes. The presence of
elevated PCBs may indicate possible long-
term health effects for fish. As a result the
tidal Raritan River is only partially meeting
the fish propagation/maintenance use.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name
and Classifiction

1 Raritan River at Raritan,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 Raritan River at Manville,
FW-2 Nontrout

3 Raritan River at
Queens Bridge,
FW-2. Nontrout

111-226

LOWER RARITAN RIVER
PASSAIC RIVER
A. INEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
- 9pjINVENTORY REPORT

/t I,,

-, :I - .,RAHWAY RIVER

NEW
,,, ,YORK

MILLSTONE RIVER I

RARITAN BAY

LEGEND

SOUTH RIVER STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
- - _ COUNTY BOUNDARIES
(-� / - MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
0 I 2 3 4 8 WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
/�ll* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS
LOCATION OF BASIN SCALE IN MILES

W ATE, H-Qu AL I TYIHD- xJ1 RO jLE i I.w

Raritan River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

OVERALL

STATION TE MP OXYGEN PR :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALb AVERAGE AND
I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Q1 ITL H_ i
Raritan AVG
River at WQI 3 6 10 24 18 6 5 10 16 Good
Raritan
:WORST3 July- August- August-: April- July- Nov- July- 23 Good
MONTrs Sept Oct Oct June Sept Jan Sept April-June

Raritan AVG
River at WO, I 4 11 11 22 18 6 6 7 17 Good
Manville
:WOPST3: July- March- August- May- May- Sept- August- April- 30 Fair
MONTHS: Sept May Oct July July Nov Oct June May-July

Raritan AVG
:River at WQI 3 7 4 39 28 7 5 10 31 Fair
r\) Queens
co ;Bridge IWORST3: June- August-: March- July- August- August- May- Feb- 150 Fair
:MONTHSI August Oct May I Sept Oct Oct , July April :July-Sept

LE.UEIIO- H~terLiwaJlh ndex ~ccrioi1oe
Wnl Condition Dscription

0-10 Excellent Ho or minimnll olliLlon; 61-80 Poor Pollution In high amounts;
water uses sot tlhroughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lo anounltn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at e.trt.ely
pollution; wat-r upee high ll Ie: severe etr1ss to
periodically not net. stream kIe: Iater uses not met.

26-60 Fair PollItion amolnts vary from ID Insufficient Data
modorate to high levoen;
certain .eter uses prohibited.

An index of 20 is equivalent to tie level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Raritan River
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME 14 NJPDES :RECIEVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

;St. Bernards Sch. STP 10020991 :Lochiel Creek :Brdgwtr. Twp/Somerst:M'unicipal
: Ethicon Inc. :0001139 !Peters Brook :Brdgwtr. Twp/Somerstl~nd./Comm.
:Crestline Div. of N. Am. Prod:0029921 lGaston Ave. Brook Raritan Boro/Somerst:Ind./Comm.
:Indust. Tube Corp. :0023019 flaritan River Trib. :Smrvil. Boro/Somerst:Ind./Comm.
:Valley Rd. Sew. Co. - :0022772 :Royce Brook :Hilsboro Twp/Somerst:Municipal
!Fieldhedge
:Chemicals Corp. 0021806 :Middle Brook :Brdgwtr. Twp/Somerst:Ind./Comm.
1Somerset-Rar'itan Valley S.A. 10024864 lCuckel's Brook !Brdgwtr. Twp/Somerst:Municipal.
:American Cynamid-Bound Brook :0002313 :Raritan River :Brdgwtr. Twp/Somerst:Ind./Comm.
:Taylor Oil Co. ~0029271 :Paritan River !Smrvil. Boro/Somerstjlnd./Comm.
:Devro Inc. :0001961 :Peters Brook :Smrvil. Boro/Somerst!Ind./Comm.
:Warren Twp. SM-Stage 3 STE :0023752 :Middle Brook- Warren Twp./Somerset:Municipal
;Johns-Manville Sales Corp. :0001678 :Raritan River :Manvile Boro/Somerst:Ind./Comm.
:Manville Boro STP :0028762 :Confluence of :Manvile Boro/Somerst:Municipal
Ve~ ~ ~~~~~~~~rteans Adin.Splysept.:003
VeteansAdmn. Sppl Deot 102036 Roycefield Brook :Smrvil. Boro/Somerst:Municipal
jRBH Dispersions :0033545 ;Ambrose Brook :Midsex Boro/Middlesx:1nd./Comm.
Reagent Chem. +I Research In. :0033251 :Trib to Raritan Riv. Midsex Boro/Middlesxjlnd./Comm.
;National. Starch & Chem. Corp.!0032506 :Raritan River :Bi-dgwtr. Twp/Somerst:Thermal
!Gibson Tube, Inc. 0064700 :Trib. to Cuckels BrkIBrdgwtr. Twp/Somerst:Ind/Thermal:
:Zappa Res. & Molding Corp. : 0030309 :Green Brook River :Green Brook/Somerset!Thermal
lColorguard Corp. :0033111 :Woodmiere Brook Raritan/Somerset :Thermal
:Tingley Rubber Corp :0020672 :Dismal Swamp : South Plainfield ;Ind/Thermal~
:Scott Environmental Tech Ic)033707 :Bound Brook :South Plainfield :Industrial
:Metz Metallurgical Corp. :0034835 :Middlesex County :South Plainfield :Industrial
:Ronnie Packing Co. :0034886 :Rain Water Ditch :South Plainfield :Thermal
:United Steel Container Corp. :0032034 :Mile Run : N. Brusnwick :Thermal
lClayton Block Corp. 10026069 :Mill Brook !Metuchen/Midd. :Ind/Strmwtr:
:Troy Chen-Corp. 10031453 :Pierson's Creek :Middlesex Boro/Midd. :Thermal
:Webcraft :0052655 :Dismal Swamp :Metuchen/Midd. !Thermal
:Gulton Industries, Inc. :0028720 :Storm Creek Flow ;Metuchen/Midd :Industrial
:Sayeville Borough of :050245 :Cheesequake Creek : :Industrial
------------------------------------------------

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Raritan River Cont.
I----------------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME I# NJPDES IRECIEVING WATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

INational Cam :0036102 :Bound Brook iEdison/Midd :Thermal
:Academy Die Casting & PlatingI0034495 IAmbrose Brook IEdison/Mid :Industrial
:Union Steel Corp. :0001015 !Trib. to Raritan R. IPiscataway Twp/MidsxIlnd./Comm.
ISun Oil Co. of Pennsylvania IC0025798 IRaritan River !Piscataway Twp/Midsx:Ind./Comm.
:Kentile Floors :0030023 Bound Brook I S. Plnfld. Boro/Mid.:Ind./Comm.
:LA Dreyfus Co. :0001210 !Drainage Ditch to :S. Plnfld. Boro/Mid.;Ind./Comm.
I ~~~~~~~~~~:Bound BrookII
:Mobile Chem. Co.I 0028255 :Bound Brook IEdison Twp./MiddlesxIInd./Cornm.
IPSE&G - Edison 0003603 :Raritan River !Edison Twp./Middlesx;Ind./Comm
:Raritan Arsenal :0028835 lRaritan River :Edison Twp./MiddlesxIMunicipal
IFord Motor Co. - Metuchen :0002691 :Mill Brook :Edison Twp./Middlesx:Ind./Comm.
:Oxford Div. - Hartford :0032557 Mile Run Brook IYew Brnswk/Mdsx :Ind./Comm.
:Delco Remy Div. of GMC Plant I:003092 IMile Run Brook :New Brnswk/Mdsx !Ind./Comm.
- ~:12
:Nuodex Inc. :0001791 :Raritan River :Edison Twp./Middlesx:Ind./Comm.
o !NJP + Light 10002747 :Raritan River :Sayreville Boro/Mdsx:Ind./Comm.
IAmerada Hess Corp. :0001376 :Raritan River !Perth Amboy Cty/Mdsx:Ind./Comm.
:Chese Borough Ponds Corp. :0002381 :Raritan River :Perth Amboy Cty/Mdsxjlnd.Comm.
:Saytech Inc. :0031470 :Trib. To Burt Ditch INew Brnswk. Cty/MdsxjInd./Comm.I
IMiddlesex Co. M.U. :0020141 IRaritan Bay : Sayreville Boro/Mdsx:Municipal
ISayreville Boro-Melrose STP :0023833 :Raritan Day ISayreville Boro/Mdsx:MunicipalI
:Bell Labs-Murray Hill :0000442 :Trib. to Green BrookIBrkly Hts. Twp/Union:Ind./Comm.
:Anchor Glass Container Corp. :0033651 :Long Neck Creek ICliffwood/Monmouth :Industrial
:Buhler and Bitter :0062669 :Raritan Bay :Hazlet/Monmouth :Industrial
:Comdata Systems Incorp :0001775 :Ditch to Mahora :Holmdel/Mon :Industrial
:Biddle Sawyer Corp I :0030872 !Lupatcong Creek IKeyport/Mon :Thermal
:Aberdeen Twon-ship MUA :0022535 :Whale Creek :Matawan/Mon ;MunicipalI
:Engineered Precision CastingsOO033294 :Wrackaack Creek :Middletown Twp./S.A.!ThermalI
:Aberdeen Township WTP :0034142 :Wilkson Creek :Monmouth County !Ind
:Imperial Oil Comp Inc :0035874 :Lake Lefferts :Morganwille/Mon :Ind
:Stavola Constructions Mat :0002895 Middle Brook :Red Bank/Mon jInd/StormI
;National Starch & Chemical :0001333 :Coreen Brook IPlainfield/Union :Ther/Storm
:cOlivetti Corp of America :0032581 :Raritan River !Somerville/Union :Ind
\------------------------------------------------

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Raritan River
-------------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME :0 NJPDES :RECIEVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
------------------------ -------- ---------------- :---------------- :---------
ISeptembers On The Hill :0026727 :Raritan River :Watchung/Union NMun
IValvoline Oil Comp :0030503 :Raritan River E~dison/Middlesex :Id
'Nuodex Inc 10000116 :Raritan River IFords/Midd :Therm/Ind
:Weldon Concrete : C)00345 ~Raritan River !Keasbey/Midd JInd
:Sohio-Carborundum :0002950 :Raritan River ~ Keasbey/Midd JInd
:Woodbridge, TFwp :0020401 :Raritan River :Keasbey/Midd NMun
:New Brunswick :0033219 :Raritan River ~ N. Brunswick/Midd NMun
:old Bridge, Twp :0022471 :Raritan Bay :Old Bridge/Midd NMun
;Old Bridge MIA Browntown :033065 :Raritan Day ~ Old Bridge/Midd INun
lReserve Terminal Corp :0001392 IRaritan Bay ~ Perth Ambo-y/Midd :Id
~Perth Amboy :0023213 :Raritan Day :Perth Amboy/Midd NMun
~Raritan River Steel Comp :0031178 ;Storm Sewer to Rar :Perth Amboy/Midd mId
~Union Carbide :0000256 :Raritan River ~Piscataway/Midd mId/Therm
~Beecham Laboratories Inc ;0035491 :Raritan River ;Piscataway/Midd mdnc
- :~EH Werner Generating Station :0002755 :Raritan River :South Amboy/Nidd :Ind/Therm
ro :Silvatrim Corp of American :0030881 :Raritan River :South Plainfield/Mid:Ind
DTesign & Molding Services :0029629 :Bound Brook !Piscataway/Midd :Id
:Captive Plastics :0030571 :Ambrose Brook :Piscataway/Midd :Ind
:Parkway Plastics :0032042 :Bound Brook !Piscataway/Midd :Thermal
:Evans Partnership :0033723 ~Ambrose Brook :Piscataway/Midd :Id
jEastern Steel Darrel. Corp :0034797 B ound Brook ~ Piscataway/Midd 11d
:Bound Brook Operation :0061794 :Bound Brook :Piscataway/Midd mId
:Exxon Service Station :0063967 :Raritan River NMatawan/Mon :Ind
jNorth American Philips Lgt. :0064939 :Ambrose Brook :South Plainfield/Mid~lnd

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

29. RAHWAY RIVER (INCLUDING THE poor quality in late summer. Fecal coliform,
ELIZABETH RIVER) total phosphorus, and total dissolved solids
are found at problematic levels. Fecal col-
iform counts had a geometric mean of 1445
Watershed Description MPN/100ml from 1983 to 1987 with 85 per-
cent greater than 200 MPN/100ml. Total
phosphorus has averaged .11 mg/l from
Measured from the headwaters to the City of phospho rus has averaged .11 mga from
1983 to 1987, during which the majority of
Rahway, the Rahway River drains an area
of 41 square miles, which includes parts of samples exceeded State criterion. Total dis-
Middlesex, Union, and Essex Counties. The solved solids have averaged 364 mg/l,
mainstem, 24 miles long, flows from Union among the highest of all monitoring sta-
into the Arthur Kill near Linden and is tidal tions in the State. While dissolved oxy
from the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at concentrations appear adequate, saturation
Rahway down to the mouth. This is a occasionally falls below 80 percent in the
densely populated area, with the centers of fall.
population being Rahway, Woodbridge,
Near Springfield the Rahway River has its
Clark, Springfield, Cranford, Westfield, and Near Springfield wa er has its
Kenilworth. Major tributaries to the Rah- worst monitored water quality. Although
way River include the East Branch Rahway overall quality is considered fair, it is poor
during late spring/early summer. Excessive
River, Woodbranch. The major impouver, andme Robinsons fecal coliform and total phosphorus con-
Branch. The major impoundments are the centrations are found at this location. Per-
centrations are found at this location. Peri-
Middlesex Reservoir, Orange Reservoir, odically
Lower and Upper Echo Lakes, and Diamond odically, low dissolved oxygen along with
Mill Pond. The Elizabeth River is 11 miles high total dissolved solids measurements
channezed for flood also occur. Fecal coliform counts had a ge-
long, much of it being channelized for floodof 1352 MPN ml near
ometric mean of 1352 MPN/100ml near
control purposes. Springfield, while total phosphorus con-
Land uses in these watersheds are residen- centrations averaged around the .1 mg/l
tial, commercial, industrial and other uses. criterion for flowing waterways. Occasion-
There are 53 NJPDES permitted discharges ally high inorganic nitrogen was also de-
identified in the Rahway and Elizabeth wa- tected. Dissolved oxygen saturation aver-
tersheds, all except 5 are indus- aged only 74 percent near Springfield, with
tri al/cmm erical. The waters of the ilow dissolved oxygen concentrations often
Rahway and Elizabeth Rivers and tribu- below 4.0 mg/l during early summer. At
taries have been classified FW-2 Nontrout, Rahway conditions are improved over what
SE-2, and SE-3. is found near Springfield. Fecal coliform
and total phosphorus are still excessive, but
Water Quality Assessment levels are, for the most part, lower. Fecal
coliform had a geometric mean of 538
MPN/100ml with 70 percent above State
Routine water quality monitoring is per- * * * p
Routine wat ther quality mons itoring is per- criterion. Solids continue to be present at
formed at three locations on the Rahway
River: the West Branch at West Orange, high concentrations on a periodic basis.
River: the West Branch at West Orange,
near Springfield and at Rahway. The Eliza-
beth River is monitored at Ursino LakThe Eliza- The Elizabeth River drains highly developed
Elizabeth River is monitored at Ursino Lake in urban lands adjacent to the Rahway water-
Elizabeth. The Rahway River has fair water shed. Water quality in the Elizabeth River is
quality along its length with generally im- f air to poor wity poor conditions in
fair to poor with very poor conditions in
proving conditions in the downstream di-
proving conditions in the downstream di- May to July. The river, channelized in sec-
rection. The Elizabeth River is severely de- tions, has fecal coliform concentrations
graded, especially during the early summer which averaged 13154 MPN/lOOml from
period.
1983 to 1987 and excessive phosphorus and
nitrogen. Total phosphorus was above State
The West Branch Rahway River has fair criterion in 61 percent of the samples,
overall quality with conditions approaching criterion in 61 percent of the samples,
while inorganic nitrogen was excessive in

111-232

one-third of the measurements taken. Dis- this watershed. Known sources of nonpoint
solved oxygen saturation often exceeds 120 pollution in the Rahway River include con-
percent during summer months indicating struction activities, storm sewers, urban
elevated primiary productivity. Total dis- surfaces, roads, and combined sewer over-
solved solids have also occurred at elevated flows; all of which have contributed to high
levels, averaging 435 mg/I during the pe- stream temperatures, sediment and nutrient
riod of review. loadings, periodic low dissolved oxygen lev-
els, and fishkills. Another problem in this
The warm water fish community of the watershed is landfill leachate which is be-
Rahway River has been evaluated by the lieved to have contributed to the degrada-
New Jersey Division of Fish, Game, and tion of the tidal Rahway River, as well as to
Wildlife as moderately degraded. Morses the adjacent Arthur Kill, Marshes Creek,
Creek and the Elizabeth River are judged to and Kings Creek.
be containing degraded fish communities;
few fish are reported to be able to survive Morses Creek and the Elizabeth River,
in either waterway. draining almost totally developed water-
sheds, have been extensively channelized.
Problem and Goal Assessment Both are judged to support minimal fish life
due to the combined effects of habitat loss
Point Source Assessment and severe water pollution levels coming
from numerous nonpoint and point sources.
Water quality of the Rahway and Elizabeth The Elizabeth River has been described as
Rivers are reflective of urbanized streams. chronically polluted over its entire length.
The presence of high nutrients, fecal col-
iform and biochemical oxygen demand is Designated Use and Goal Assessment
thought to be from nonpoint sources and
municipal/industrial point sources. Both The Rahway and Elizabeth Rivers are not of
the Lower Elizabeth and Rahway Rivers swimmable quality. Severe pollution of the
have combined sewer overflows discharg- Elizabeth River along with channelization
ing during storm events, however the im- combine to cause a degraded fish commu-
pacts are most severe in the Elizabeth River. nity in the river. Therefore, the freshwater
There are 16 Department enforcement ac- Elizabeth River is classified as not achiev-
tions against discharges that are impacting ing the fish propagation/maintenance use
water quality in these two watersheds. They and goal. The freshwater Rahway River is
range from facilities not meeting permit considered to be partially meeting the fish
limitations to raw sewage discharges. Haz- propagation/maintenance use because of a
ardous wastes sites are present in these wa- moderately degraded fish community. Des-
tersheds, but none have been identified to ignated use attainment (which is generally
be contaminating surface waters. In the less than the swimmable/fish propagation
lower tidal sections of the Elizabeth and goal) in the tidal portions of both rivers is
Rahway Rivers water quality is reduced be- not known because of a lack of water qual-
cause of boundary conditions (i.e., Arthur ity information.
Kill water quality).
~Kill water quality). Monitoring Station List
Nonpoint Source Assessment Map Station Name and
Number Classification
The Rahway River watershed is highly ur- 1 West Branch Raritan River at West Orange,
banized and its waterways are severely de- FW-2 Nontrout
graded both by nonpoint source pollution
and byothe bysourca alterations which x2 Rahway River near Springfield, FW-2 Nontrout
and by the physical alterations which ex-
tensive urbanization has brought about. In
Rahway River at Rahway, FW-2 Nontrout
addition to pollution and habitat destruction,
flood control has been a major problem in 4 Elizabeth River at Ursino Lake, FW-2 Nontrout

111-233

RAHWAY RIVER
PASSAIC RIVER
NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY

INVENTORY REPORT

"3
/ " ',t -- - NEWWA RK

LEGEND
STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
_ - -COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS 0 1 2 3 4 8

SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

WATER-QUAL- IYTY-IND EXJ EIEL;AJ
Rahway River

WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATiON TEMP OXYGEN PH :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVERAGE AND
I I I N I I I
IWest Branch ; AVG
Rahway River: WQI ; 2 15 : 2 47 27 20 1 2 9 41 Fair
at W. Orange: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
:WORST3; June- Sept- Feb- August-: June- Dec- July- Sept- :58 Fair
MONTHS: August Nov April Oct Aug Feb Sept Nov Aug-Oct

Rahway River: AVG
near WQI 2 32 3 48 18 14 2 9 :43 Fair
Springfield _ : I I
WORST3: June- May- Feb- June- May- Dec- April- J June- 72 Poor
MONTHS: August July April August July Feb June August May-July

Rahway River: AVG a
:at Rahway WQI 3 15 :40 18 it 3 15 29 Fair

:WORST3: June- July- Feb- Sept- : August- Feb- April- Sept- 39 Fair
a MONTHS: August Sept April Nov Oct April June Nov :June-August:

: i-izabeth AVG :aaaaaaaa
1.River at WQI 3 17 6 74 24 20 5 14 :59Fair/Poor:
:Jrsino Lake a _ a a a a a. a .a
WORST3: June- J aune- Feb- May- : May- Nov- July- April- :82Feryloor
MONTHS August : August April July July Jan Sept June *1aMay-July

Ihel - Iilata, ALQAlai1.t4IaldcxY.Jnacrixa1 cae
W9I Condition DoIcriptlon
0-10 Eaaellnnt Ilt or a oalnls'1 llutlon: 61-n0 roor PollutLon In high A.oants;
water uses naet tlroughout .ater uses not Pet.
tihe year.
11-25 Goao Generally lou seountn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs nt atr.ar-y
pollutlon; ..Ltr %Ime hgh i.t.%.a; Ao.v.e stress to
pariodically not met. stress life: .ater uses not met.

20-60 Fair rolaititon aaoaants vary from ID Insufficient Dsts
moderato to h1,h leveln:
cartsln 'aser uses prohibited.
An Index of 20 is equivslont Lo the level of uaster juxiity criteria.

RAHWAY RIVER
N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: ELIZABETH RIVER

DISCHARGE NAME / NJPDES RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY TYPE
I----------------------------- NAME # NJPDES RECEIVING WATERS ---MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY TYPE--------
Investment Casting Corp :0034525 Rahway River Springfield Twp./Uni Ind/Comm
Koppers Co., Inc. :0032751 :Rahway River 'Westfield Town/Unio :Ind/Comm
Durex :0031127 Rahway River 'Union City/Hudson !Ind/Comm
Monsanto Co. :0001554 :Rahway River :Kenilworth Boro/Uni :Ind/Comm
Schering Corp. :0002305 IRahway River :Kenilworth Boro/Uni :Ind/Comm
Schering Corp. :0002291 :Elizabeth River :Union/ Union :Ind/Comm
'McMillan Bloedel Cont. Inc. :0029611 :Elizabeth River :Union/ Union !Ind/Comm
'Rotary Pen Corp. :0034568 !Kenilworth Brook :Kenilworth/Union :Ind/Comm
Springfield Die Casting Co. 10034070 :West Brook :Kenilworth/Union :Ind/Comm
:New Departure Hyatt Bearing :0001066 :Rahway River jClark /Union :Ind/Comm
Solar Compounds Corp. :0003395 :Rahway River' Linden/Union !Ind/Comm
Huffman & Koos Co. Inc. :0003883 :Rahway River :Rahway/Union !Ind/Comm
:Merck & Co. Inc. :0002348 jKings Creek 'Linden/Union :Ind/Comm
'Turtle & Hughs Co. Inc :0025429 'Kings Creek : Linden/Union :Ind/Comm
Rahway City DPN :0025585 jRahway River Rahway/Union Ind/Comm
Exxon Co. USA '0026671 IRahway River Linden/Union Ind/Comm
American Cyanamid-Warners :0001058 :Rahway River 'Linden/Union : Ind/Comm
'Township of S. Orange Village:0052426 !Rahway River 'South Orange/Essex :Ind
Amerada Hess-Port Reading :0028878 'Port Reading Rea. :Woodbridge/Middlesex Ind/Comm
Gulf Oil Co.-Linden :0000311 IBk. Rahway River :Linden/Union :Ind/Comm
'B.P. Oil Inc. :0000515 :Rahway River :Linden/Union Ind/Comm
1Orange City Water Filtration :0034592 :Rahway River Orange/Essex Municipal
:Coastal Oil Corp. :0027880 :Trib to Clark Res. 'Clark/Union Ind/Storm
Witco Chemical Corp. :0031411 :Stream SWR to Robi Clark/Union :Therm/Storm,
Elizabeth, City of :0020648 'Elizabeth River Elizabeth/Union :Municipal
:Joint Mtg. Essex & Union :0024741 :Elizabeth River Elizabeth/ Union 'Municipal
Watchung Die Casting Co :0055271 :Garwood Brook !Garwood/Union 'Thermal
ECD Inc. :0031186 :Elizabeth River Hillside Twp/Union Thermal
Atlas Tod Company :0035980 Elizabeth River iHillside Twp/Union 'Thermal
EMCO Graphics, Inc. :0061867 'Elizabeth River :Hillside Twp/Union 'Thermal
Supermarket Services '0022225 !King's Creek :Linden/Union Municipal
Citgo Petroleum Corp 10024554 IRahway River : Linden/Union :Industrial
\--------------------------------------- /

RAHlWAY RIVER
N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: ELIZABETH RIVER
/------------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME l# NJPDES : RECEIVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
-------------- I ------- ;-----------~~~~~~I
:Carpenter Tech.- Tube Div. :0052931 IRahway River I Ind/Ther/SW:
:Exxon Bayway Refinery :0026662 :Rahway River ILinden/Union :Ind.
:AI Manufacturing Corp. :0035203 !Kings Creek !Linden/Union :Ind.
;Palnut Division of TRW In ~0035530 :Echo Brook :Mountainside/Union !Ind/Thermal:
:Rahway DPW, City of :0025585 :Rahway River Rahway/Union ~ Municipal
:Dri-Print Foils, Inc :0062138 :Rahway River : Rahway/Union ~ Thermal/SW
~Custom Molders Corporation :0052531 :Cedar Brook : Scotch Plains/Union ;Industrial
;County of Union :0002887 :Briant Brook : Springfield Twp/Uniojlnd.
~Schiable Oil Corp. :0056219 !Rahway River :Springfield Twp/Unio:Ind.
:Engelhard Corp :0001180 :Rahway River !Union Twp/Union :SW
jElastic Stop Nut :0003433 IStorm Sewer to L :Union Twp/Union :Ind./Therm
:Teledyne Adams :029416 Rahway River !Union Twp/Union :Thermal
:Tuscan Dairy Farm :0034266 :Elizabeth River :Union Twp/Union :Thermal
:Tuff Lite Corp :0032883 :Rahway River~ :Edison/Middlesex !Ind/Therm
:Continental Fibre Drum :0001121 :Drainage Ditch T :Carteret/Middlesex :Thermal
:American Alum. Cast Co :0060194 :Elizabeth :Irvington/Essex :Ind
IMitchell-Supreme Fuel :0061921 :Rahway River :Orange/Essex : Ind
4 ~Mobil Oil - Linden Term :0062103 : Linden/Union :Ind
:Polychrome Corp :0062821 :Robinson's Creek :Clark/Union :Ind
lBrowning-Ferris Ind :0062057 :Newark Bay : Elizabeth/Union :Ind
:Stephens-Miller Co :0061573 Briant's Pond ISummit/Union !Ind

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

30. UPPER PASSAIC RIVER Chatham, respectively. Seventy-two per-
cent of the values were greater than .1 mg/l
Watershed Description near Millington, while 94 percent exceeded
this level near Chatham. The Passaic River
The Upper Passaic River, from the source to near Chatham also contains generally high
the confluence of the Pompton River, is inorganic nitrogen with concentrations av-
nearly 50 miles long and drains approxi- eraging 1.8 mg/l from 1983 to 1987. Fecal
mately 200 square miles of eastern Somerset, coliform counts were above the 200
southern Morris, and western Essex Coun- MPN/100ml level in 62 and 77 percent of the
ties. Major tributaries include the Dead samples taken from near Millington and
River, Rockaway River, Whippany River, Chatham, respectively. Both locations also
and the Black Brook. There are no large experience reduced dissolved oxygen con-
impoundments, but smaller ones include the centrations during summer months when
Canoe Brook Reservoir, Osborn Pond and levels are thought to be frequently below
Van Dorens Mills Pond. The areas adjacent 4.0 mg/l (15 percent of the dissolved oxygen
to the Passaic River are subject to frequent values were less than 4.0 mg/l). Saturation
flooding. The population centers are Madi- averaged only 61 percent near Millington
son-Chatham, Florham Park, Bernards, and 78 percent near Chatham. Biochemical
Berkeley Heights and New Providence. Two oxygen demand is often greater than 4.0
sub-watersheds are delineatd: the Upper mg/l near Chatham. Water quality
Passaic River from headwaters to the New conditions degrade somewhat in the Passaic
River, and the Mid-Passaic River from the near Millington during the late spring-
New River to the Pompton River. early summer indicating nonpoint sources
may be a contributing factor. Near
Approximately one-half of the land use in Chatham conditions worsen to poor quality
this watershed is undeveloped or vacant during summer months, likely a result of
with the remainder being primarily resi- point sources.
dential and commercial. This watershed is
facing significant development in the va- At Two Bridges the Passaic River has been
cant areas. There are 29 NJPDES permitted subjected to numerous municipal wastewa-
discharges identified in this watershed, of ter discharges. These discharges, combined
which 17 are municipal and 12 are indus- with a limited assimilative capacity of the
trial/commercial. The streams of the Upper river as it flows through a swampy area,
Passaic River watershed have been classi- creates poor overall water quality and very
fied primarily FW-2 Nontrout, but some FW- poor conditions during low flow periods.
2 Trout Maintenance waters are present. Nutrients and ammonia are highly exces-
sive and dissolved oxygen is severely
Water Quality Assessment depressed during this critical period. Total
phosphorus has averaged .62 mg/l at this
The Upper Passaic River is monitored at location from 1983 to 1987, while total inor-
three locations - near Millington and ganic nitrogen concentrations averaged 3.9
Chatham and at Two Bridges. Results from mg/l. Un-ionized ammonia is present in
this monitoring indicates that the Passaic problematic amounts during low flow and
River has fair water quality near Milling- exceeded State criterion in 25 percent of all
ton and Chatham, but conditions degrade at samples collected between 1983 and 1987.
Two Bridges to poor quality. As such, water Dissolved oxygen concentrations average
quality worsens in a downstream direction below the 4.0 mg/I criteria during the
months of June to October, while dissolved
Near Millington and Chatham the Passaic oxygen saturation was below 80 percent in
River is nutrient enriched as evidenced by practically every sample. Total dissolved
total phosphorus and total inorganic nitro- solids in the Passaic River periodically ex-
gen concentrations. Phosphorus averaged ceeds 500 mg/l at Two Bridges in the fall
.16 and .38 mg/l near Millington and months. Fecal coliform is also excessive in
the river at this location.

111-238

The NJDEP completed a modeling study in characteristics of the Passaic River may
1987 of the Passaic River from Little Falls result in municipal discharges having to
(Lower Passaic River) upstream. The study meet levels 4 or 5 advanced treatment for
examined the possible effects of a Raritan- denitrification. Even such extreme
Passaic inter-basin water transfer for low treatment requirements may not signifi-
flow augmentation, and to determine appro- cantly improve water quality because of
priate discharge limitations for wastewater nonpoint impacts.
discharges. Water quality analyses for this
study found severely depressed oxygen Department enforcement actions currently
throughout the river along with ammonia underway against facilities that are im-
toxicity problems. The river itself is consid- pacting surface water quality include these
ered to be eutrophic based on nutrient and Passaic River discharges: Passaic Township
algal concentrations. Phosphate is the lim- STP, Florham Park SA, Montville MUA Forest
iting nutrient in the river. Park STP, Berkeley Heights STP, Boro of
Caldwell, Boro of West Caldwell, and Reheis
The Passaic River is evaluated as supporting Chemical in Berkeley Heights; and Welsh
a healthy fish community from its headwa- Farms in West Caldwell discharging to Green
ters downstream to Chatham. From Chatham Brook. Hazardous waste sites known to be
to Livingston the fishery is judged to be contaminating surface waters in this wa-
moderately degraded. Downstream of this tershed are the Chevron site in Berkeley
point to Little Falls the fish community is Heights releasing PCBs and volatiles to the
assessed to be degraded. Species composition Passaic River, and the Millington Asbestos
in the Passaic is described as cold water site releasing asbestos to the Passaic River.
types in its headwaters, shifting to both
warm and cold water species north of Nonpoint Source Assessment
Millington. From Chatham downstream to
its mouth the fish community is limited to The Passaic River is impacted by the exten-
warm water forms. sive urban/suburban development which
has occurred throughout much of its water-
The four mile long Foulertons Brook, a trib- shed. In the uppermost stretches, the Great
utary to the Passaic River in Roseland, is Swamp region, local housing construction
evaluated as having a severely degraded and the construction of a gas pipeline are
fishery, with no aquatic life being evident. suspected of contributing to localized stream
habitat destruction. As the river flows from
Problem and Goal Assessment the Great Swamp region to Chatham the de-
gree of development within the watershed
Point Source Assessment becomes greater. Septic seepage, road and
building construction, and urban surface
The Passaic River has a very limited capac- and road runoff are all known to impact the
ity to assimilate wastewaters discharged to it Upper Passaic River. Florham Park and
and additional pollutants which may enter it Chatham are reported to have a highly
as runoff. Modeling performed on the river developed stormwater infrastructure, sug-
finds that background conditions alone gesting that stormwater outfalls may be a
meet the river's assimilative capacity. In significant source of pollution to the river
addition, major tributaries such as the in this area.
Whippany River, Rockaway River and Dead
River contribute severely degraded waters The impacts to the river from urbanization
to the Upper Passaic. However, protection increase in severity along the stretch from
and restoration of water quality in the river Chatham to Livingston. Siltation is sus-
is imperative because it is a significant pected of being the principal agent of
source of drinking water for a large portion habitat destruction in this portion of the
of northeastern New Jersey. Sediment river. It is here that the fishery begins to
oxygen demand and hydrologic noticeably degrade, so that few game species
are present. Those species which do survise

111-239

are largely limited to pollution-tolerant
forms such as carp and goldfish. Between
Livingston and the Pompton River conflu-
ence habitat destruction continues to rise in
severity, brought about largely by dredg-
ing, channelization, the removal of ripar-
ian vegetation, as well as ever increasing
silt loads. Stream bank erosion and urban
runoff appear to be common problems
along the Passaic and many of its tribu-
taries.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Upper Passaic River will meet only the
fish propagation and maintenance desig-
nated use/goal in portions of the river. This
is the section from the river's headwaters to
Chatham. From Chatham to Livingston the
Passaic is partially meeting this use because
of a moderately degraded fishery. From
Livingston the river is considered not to be
meeting the designated use. Water quality
monitoring supports these conclusions. All
waters will not meet the swimmable goal.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name and
Classification

I Passaic River near
Millington,
FW-2 Nontrout

2 Passaic River near Chatham,
FW-2 Nontrout

3 Passaic River at
Two Bridges,
FW-2 Nontrout

111-240

./~J~. ,..~'LOWER PASSAIC RIVER

}( WHIPPANY RIVER /X? \H I UPPER PASSAIC RIVER

1 ~,1~~ I NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT
NORTH BRANCH ).
RARITAN RIVER \

/ ,~~
RA 3E

RARITAN RIVER

LEGEND
STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
COUNTY 8OUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
-WATERSHED BOUNDA RIES
* 'WATER SAMPLING STATIONS WT QUALIT
SCALE IN MILES LOCATION OF BASIN

WATE1ILQUALITYINDI gE2LP1OFI~ILEA9D~ 3A-J WI!

Upper Passaic River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH :BACTERIAINUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:
I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~SiUlt 9 9 I
Passaic AVG
River near WQI 2 45 3 22 22 6 6 :35 Fair
Miliington : __ _ _ . _ _ : _ __ : _ __ : -
:WORST3: June- May- May- July- May- : Oct- May- April- ;57 Fair
MONTHS: August July 1 July Sept July I Dec July June :May-July

Passaic AVG
River near WNQI 3 28 2 36 36 :12 7 7 :4 Fair
Chatham : ___ __ __ : : _ : _ _ : __ : ____ ____: _____ ___ _
WORSTa June- August- April- May- Sept- : Sept- : August- April- 6OFair/Poor:
!MONTHS: August Oct June July Nov * Nov : Oct June July-Sept

Passaic AVG
:River at WQI : :58 2 :29 53 12 14 lID 70 Poor
Two Bridges
:WORST3: June- August-: June- Sept- Sept- Sept- July- :100Verypoor
MONTHS: August Oct August Nov Nov Nov Sept :Sept-Nov

LIFBIGE11- HotorrruaLt~LyjuicxL~cedvijouip
WRI Condition Description

0-10 Excellent 11e or minimal pollation; 61-80 Poor Pollution in high seounts;
water uses met throughout uster uses not -et.
the year.
11-25 Good Generally iou seountn of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at .etr'mely
rall.1tion; U.ter olnse high lev-1s; severe streas to
periodically not met. stream life; .&ter uses not met.

26-GO Fair Pollution nmounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
modoratt to high leveln;
certain aoter use" prohiblted.

At,199ndox of 20 is equivalent to tl~e level of vater quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: UPPER PASSAIC RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME :# NJPDES ;RECIEVING WATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY,' TYPE
--------------------- ----------. - - - - - - - - - - - :-----
:Vet. Admin. Hosp-Lyons 10021083 :Passaic River jBernrdsvile Boro/Som:Municipal
,Bernards Twp. SA 10022845 :Dead River Trib. jBernards Twp./Somer 'Municipal
:Warren Twp. SA Stage IV STP 10022497 ;Dead River :Warren Twp./Somerset:Municipal
:Warren Twp. SA-Stage 2 STP 10022489 :Passaic River :Warren Twp./Somerset!Municipal
:Passaic Twp. STP 10024465 :Passaic River !Passaic Twp./Morris :Municipal
:National Mfg. Co. :0032573 :Passaic River :Chatham Twp./Morris :Ind./Comnm.
,Chatham Twp.-Main Plant 10020290 jBlack Brook !Chatham Twp./Morris IMunicipal
:New Providence WW Disp. Plant:0021636 PFassaic River :New Providence Boro/:Municipal
!Union
:Park Central Ass.-Chatham Twp:0020281 jPassaic River :Chatham Twp./Morris :Municipal
:Reheis Chem. Co. :0002551 :Trib. to Passaic R. jBrkly. Hts Twp/EjnionjInd./Comm.
;Madison-Chatham Joint Meeting!0024937 jPassaic River 'Chatham Boro/Morris ~Municipal
:Ciba-Giegy Pharmaceutical Div:0000540 ~Passaic River :Summit city/Union !Ind./Comm.
:Celanese Research Co. :0033197 :Briant Pond : Summit City/Union ;Ind./Comm.
:NJDOT Springfield :0002887 :Briant Brook :Sprngfld. Twp./Unionjlnd./Comm.
:Montville Bd of Ed-Cedar Hill!0021181 :Passaic River :Montville Twp/Morris:Municipal
:Montville MUA-Forest park :0024431 :Passaic River :Montville Twp/Morris:Municipal
:Morris Twp. Woodland STP :0024929 !Loantaka Brook :Morris Twp./Morris :Municipal
:Taylor Rental Center :0064181 : IOil/Wtr/Sep:
!Warren SA Township of :0022489 ~Passaic River :Warren :Municipal
:Orange Products Inc. :0001490 jPassaic River :Chatham/Morris :Thermal
'Chatham Twp-Chatham Glen STP :0052256 jPassaic River :Chatham/Morris IMunicipal
IUS Army Nike E. Hanover :0021938 :Passaic River jE. Hanover Twp/MorrsIMunicipal
:Chem Service Inc. :0035637 :Passaic River :E. Hanover Twp/Morrs:Thermal
Allied Corp. 10031305 jPassaic River :Morristown/Morris :Industrial
jGroene Aluminum Kasting :0063461 :Upper Passaic River !Chatham/Morris :Industrial
:Richards Industries :063886 :Upper Passaic River lWest Caldwell/Morris'Industrial
:West Caldwell Twp :0061158 ~upper Passaic River :West Caldwell/Morris:Municipal
:Welsh Farms :0000850 :Passaic River jWest Caldwell/Morris:Industrial
~Berkeley Heights Twp STP :0027961 ~Passaic River IBerkeley Hgt/Union :Municipal
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

3 1. WHIPPANY RIVER may be occurring. Dissolved oxygen con-
centrations of 15 mg/l and over, as well as
Watershed Description saturation values over 130 percent, indicate
high primary productivity in the river.
The Whippany River drains 72 square miles
of Morris County and flows 18 miles to the Downstream at Pine Brook the Whippany
New River near East Hanover, directly up- River has significantly lower fecal coliform
stream of the Passaic River. Two of the counts than those found at Morristown, but
larger tributaries are Black Brook and Troy nutrients are higher and dissolved oxygen
Brook. Major impoundments include Clyde is generally lower. Fecal coliform counts
Potts Reservoir, Speedwell Lake and Poca- were above State criterion in 66 percent of
hantas Lake. The population is centered in the samples; the geometric mean over the
Morristown, Parsippany-Troy Hills, 1983-1987 period being 349 MPN/100ml. On
Hanover Township, and East Hanover Town- the average, total phosphorus was about 50
ship. percent higher at Pine Brook than at Mor-
ristown. In addition, total inorganic nitro-
The land use in this watershed is about one- gen was elevated in 61 percent of all sam-
half agriculture, parkland, and vacant land; ples, averaging 2.8 mg/l. Un-ionized am-
with most of the remainder being residen- monia has also been found to be above State
tial or commercial development. Of the 30 criteria in warm weather periods. Dissolved
NJPDES permitted discharges, 17 are indus- oxygen may routinely drop below 4.0 mg/l
trial/ commercial and 13 are municipal. during summer months and saturation is
Streams in this watershed have been classi- also severly reduced during this time.
fied FW-2 Trout Production and FW-2 Non-
trout. The upper reaches of the Whippany River
from its headwaters to Speedwell Lake were
Water Quality Assessment classified by the NJ Division of Fish, Game,
and Wildlife as supporting a healthy cold
The Whippany River is routinely monitored water fish community; the fishery the
at two locations, Morristown and Pine Brook. rivers lower reach, downstream of Speed-
These two stations have fair to poor overall well Lake, is judged to be degraded Troy
water quality. At Morristown the Whippany Brook, a tributary, is evaluated as support-
River was impacted until 1986 by a large ing a healthy warm water fishery.
raw sewage overflow. This may be why Problem and Goal Assessment
conditions are very poor in the river at
certain periods of the year. As a result of
the bypass, fecal coliform counts at Morris- Point Source Assessment
town have been extremely high in the
river. Between 1983 and 1987 the fecal col- The Whippany River has a number of mu-
iform geometric mean was 4798 MPN/100 ml nicipal and industrial wastewater dis-
with all of the values above State criterion, charges in its watershed. These point
Nutrients, most notably total phosphorus, sources combined with urban/suburban
was also highly elevated in the Whippany at runoff create the fair and poor conditions
Morristown. Average values of total in the river. The Morristown STP is cur-
phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen were rently under NJDEP enforcement action for
.36 mg/l and 1.9 mg/I, respectively. The violating the BOD, suspended solids and fecal
State criterion for total phosphorus was ex- coliform limitations of its permit. The Mor-
ceeded in 100 percent of the samples col- ristown sewerage system, as noted above,
lected during the period of review. Un- had experienced raw sewage overflows. The
ionized ammonia also appears to be periodi- raw sewage overflows have been elimi-
cally excessive during summer months. nated, but a sewer extension ban remains in
While dissolved oxygen concentrations seem effect. Another enforcement case is un-
to be adequate, wide diurnal fluctuations derway concerning the Parsippany-Troy

111-244

Hills STP discharge to the Whippany River
because of excess chlorine residual levels. Monitoring Station List
The Sharkey Landfill in Parsippany-Troy
Hills is impacting both the Whippany and Map Number Station Name and
Rockaway Rivers with metals and volatile Classification
organics.
1 Whippany River at
Nonpoint Source Assessment Morristown,
FW-2 Nontrout
Urban/suburban development is suspected
of degrading the water quality of the Whip- Pine Brook,
pany River in its upper reaches and is FW-2 Nontrout
known to have a severe impact in the
river's lower section. Upstream of Speed-
well Lake, runoff from construction activ-
ity, stormwater discharges, urban surfaces,
and the loss of riparian vegetation are all
suspected of contributing to increasing lev-
els of siltation in the river. This in turn has
led to a reduction in the trout holding ca-
pacity of the waterway. In the lower end
below Speedwell Lake, urban runoff and
chemical spills have resulted in severe 'sil-
tation and an overall degradation of the
river's water quality. The lower Whippany
River is reported to have had a long history
of fishkills caused by industrial and mu-
nicipal pollution. Few game fish are said to
inhabit this portion of the river, in their
stead are pollution tolerant forms such as
carp and pan fish. Speedwell Lake and the
wetland areas of the Whippany River water-
shed, Black and Troy Meadows, are known to
be receiving severe and increasing runoff
from construction activity and from local
storm sewers.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Whippany River will meet the fish
propagation/maintenance designated use in
the upper two-thirds of the watershed; but
the lower reach of the river is considered as
containing degraded fisheries, and as such,
is not meeting the fish propaga-
tion/maintenance use and clean water goal.
The river will not achieve swimmable status
because of fecal coliform concentrations.

111-245

WHIPPANY AND ROCKWAY RIVERS

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

PEQUANNOCK RIVER

MUSCONETCONG RIVER

NORTH BRANCH
RARITAN RIVER

PASSAIC
--t< ' , . .- ,RIVER

LEGEND
R--- STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
- COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
LOCATION OF BASINS
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

111-246

WA E RQUAI IJ:M_1N 8JA~11-3A f1

Whippany River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

;OVERALL i

STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH BACTERIAINUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:

:Whippany R AVG
:at WQI 2 37 5 66 :35 8 l0 8 :69 Poor
Morristown
IWORST3: June- Nov- August-: May- Oct- Sept- August- June- :94very Poor
MONTHS: August Jan Oct July Dec Nov Oct August :Nov-Jan

:Whippany R AVG
at WQI 2 :37 3 :30 46 10 10 10 :52Fair
Pine Brook __: _ _: _:_ I I
WORSTa June- May- Dec- Feb- Sept- Sept- : July- April- 77 Poor
MONTHS: August July Feb : April : Nov Nov Sept June June-August

LhF.UU II- Anrjo~uaiiu~llclcXJ)IscrlipJ.Irfl

-D.tWQ1 Condition Doecription
-4
0-10 Excellent Ito or .inimal pollution; 61-80 roar Pollution In high amounts;
wat.r uses sett throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Cood Generally loa aaounta of 81-100 Very Poer Pollution oceura at .tr..aly
pollution; water lamee high leift a oere str-aa to
periodically not met. stream life; later uses not met.

26-60 fair rollIution lmountb very from ID Insufficient Data
moderate to hiah levln.
certain water uses prohibited.

Aaa liadax of 20 is equivelonL to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: WHIPPANY RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME j# NJPDES : RECIEVING WATERS 1MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Contract Packaging Corp. :0021334 :India Brook . Mendhamn Boro/Morris :Municipal
:St. Marys Abby-Deilbarton Sch.:0026751 :Whippany River :Morris Twp./Morris :Municipal
:DOT 180 Harding Twp. ReststopOO029912 :Great Brook :Harding Twp./Morris :Municipal
:Parke Davis/Warner Lambert : 0002542 :Watnong Brook :Morris Plains/Morris:Ind./Comm.
:Greystone Pk. Psych. HospitaI1OO26689 :Vaqui Pond to Whipp. Morris Twp./Morris :Municipal
:Airtron Div. Litton Ind. :0025739 :Whippany River :Morris Plains/Morris:Ind./Comm.
:Colloid Chem. Labs :0003697 :Whippany River :Hanover Twp./Morris :Ind./Comm.
!Fabricated Plastics :0029734 :Whippany River :Morristown Twn./Morr:Ind./Comm.
:Champion-Dairypak Div. :0033685 !Whippany River :Morris-town Twn./Morr:Ind./Comm.
:Morristown STP :0025496 :Whippany River ;Morristown Twn./Morr:Municipal
:Morris Twp. Butterworth STP :0024911 Whippany River :Morris Twp./Morris :Municipal
:Asco Elec. Prod. Co. :0032166 :Eastmans Brook :Parsip.-Troyhills/ !Ind./Comm.
:Morris
- ~:Leeming Pacquin Corp. :0003450 :Eastmans Brook :Parsip.-Troyhills/ ;Ind./Comm.
:Rowe International Inc. 0001708 :Passaic Basin ~Hanover Twp./Morris :Ind./Comm.
C( :Hanover Twp. STP :0024902 !Whippany River :Hanover Twp./Morris :Municipal
:Campbell-Pratt Oil Co. :0028339 :Whippany River :Hanover Twp./Morris :Ind./Comm.
:Amax Specialty Metals Inc. :0001881 :Black Brook : Florham Pk Boro/Morr:Ind./Comm.
:Sis. of Charity of St. Eliz. :0026654 :Black Brook IFlorham Pk Boro/MorrI~unicipal
:Exxon Research � Eng. :0003476 !Drain to Black Brook:Florham Pk Boro/Morrjlnd./Comrf.
:Parsippany-Troyhills :0024970 Whippany River :Parsip. Troyhills/ ~Municipal
:Morris
~NORDA, Inc. :0003514 :Whippany River :E. Hanover Twp./MorrlInd./Comm.
!East Hanover Twp. Well No2 :0036081 Whippany River :E. Hanover Twp./Morr:Industrial
!Township of Morris :0024911 !Whippany River :Morris Twp./Morris :Municipal
:Mennen Company : 0035238 :Whippany River :Morristown Twp./Morr:Industrial
!Campbell-Pratt Oil Co. :0028339 :Whippany River ~Whippany R./Morris :Stormwater
~Chatham Township Main Sewage :0020290 :Black Brook : Chatham/Morris ~Municipal
:Leslie Co. :0032221 !Eastman's Brook :Parsippany/Morris I1ndustrial
:Anchor Swim Club 0050024 :Malapardis Brook :Hanover Twp/Morris :Industrial
:Magullian Fuel Corp 10026093 :Whippany River :Hanover Twp/Morris :Industrial
:AT&T Bell Labs-- Whippany :0063835 :Whippany River :Hanover Twp/Morris :Industrial

-/-----------------------------------------------

32. ROCKAWAY RIVER solved oxygen concentrations appear to be
above the 4.0 mg/1 standard for warm-water
Watershed Description fisheries in the river, although very high
DO levels (over 14 mg/l) may indicate exces-
The Rockaway River has a drainage area of sive primary productivity in the river.
133 square miles that is mostly within Mor-
ris County with a small portion in Sussex Below the Boonton Reservoir the Rockaway
County. It flows east to a confluence with River is monitored at Pine Brook. Water
the Whippany River at Pine Brook. Major quality conditions at this location are sig-
tributaries to this 37 mile long river include nificantly poorer than those at Boonton. El-
Stone Brook, Mill Brook, Beaver Brook and evated nutrients, BOD and fecal coliform,
Den Brook. There are many lakes and ponds along with reduced dissolved oxygen, result
in this area, but the major impoundments in fair overall quality, with very poor con-
are Mountain Lakes Reservoir, Upper ditions during the late summer period. Total
Longwood Lake, Boonton Reservoir, Taylor- phosphorus has averaged above .50 mg/l
town Reservoir, Split during the period 1983 to 1987. Seventy-
Meadow Lake, and Lake Denmark. The pop- three percent of the samples were greater
ulation centers include Boonton, Randolph, than the .1 mg/l criterion. Total inorganic
Montville, Kinnelon and Dover. nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen are
also high; inorganic nitrogen samples av-
Much of the land use in this area is wooded, eraged 3.7 mg/l, and Kjeldahl nitrogen av-
vacant, and park lands. The remaining land eraged 3.1 mg/. As a result, un-ionized
is residential, but there is also some indus- ammonia is frequently above the criterion
trial and commercial land use. Development for protection of aquatic life. Thirty-one
is occurring in much of the vacant areas. percent of all un-ionized ammonia samples
There are 32 NJPDES permitted dischargers were greater than .05 mg/l with the major-
here, of which 25 are indus- ity of the high values occurring during late
trial/commercial and 7 are municipal. Wa- summer-early fall. Fecal coliform was
ters in this drainage basin have been rated above 200 MPN/lOOml in 44 percent of all
FW-2 Trout Production, FW-2 Trout Mainte- values and had a geometric mean of 169
nance, FW-2 Nontrout and FW-1. MPN/00ml during the period of review.

Water Quality Assessment Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the
Rockaway River at Pine Brook drops below
The Rockaway River is routinely monitored 4.0 mg/1 during the summer, while DO satu-
at Boonton above the Boonton Reservoir and ration often falls well below 80 percent. DO
at Pine Brook. This monitoring indicates saturation has averaged only 72 percent
that the river is of normally good quality from 1983 to 1987.
above the reservoir, but has fair quality
below it. Conditions in the Lower Rockaway Biological monitoring of the Rockaway
River degrade significantly during summer contain a has found the waterway to
months to very poor quality. contain a healthy environment for
macroinvertebrates. The percentage of
Above the Boonton Reservoir the Rockaway pollutant-tolerant organisms was low, and
River contains low to moderate amounts of no single species dominated the community.
fecal coliform and total phosphorus. The Historically, the macroinvertebrate commu-
geometric mean of fecal coliform counts nity appears to have improved over the past
from 1983 to 1987 was 114 MPN/100ml with decade. Periphyton densities have been
41 percent exceeding the State criterion. variable, but this sampling also indicates
Total phosphorus was elevated in 25 percent the waters to be relatively free of organic
of the samples and averaged .04 mg/I, just
below the .05 mg/l criterion for prevention
of impoundment/lake eutrophication. Dis- fish species in its upst ream sections and
fish species in its upstream sections and

111-249

warm water forms in its downstream periods. Dischargers under enforcement
reaches. The fish community in the river actions in the Lower Rockaway watershed
above Dover is assessed by the New Jersey include the two Montville MUA discharges
Division of Fish, Game, and Wildlife to be to Valhalla Brook (the Brook Valley and
healthy. Between Dover and the Boonton Norrland Estates STPs).
Reservoir, the fish population is judged to
be moderately degraded; below the reservoir Two known hazardous waste sites are located
the fishery is regarded as degraded. in the Rockaway watershed which are sus-
pecting of contaminating surface waters.
Four additional streams were assessed in the They are the Sharkey Landfill in Parsip-
watershed. Hibernia and Mill Brooks are pany-Troy Hills and L.E. Carpenter in
judged to contain healthy cold water fish- Wharton Boro.
eries. The fish community of Beaver Brook
is reported to be healthy except in its lower Nonpoint Source Assessment
reaches where it is evaluated as moderately
degraded. Den Brook is assessed to be de- The Rockaway River from Dover down to the
graded. Passaic River is impacted to varying degrees
by urban/suburban development; this im-
Problem and Goal Assessment pact increases in severity as one travels
downstream. Construction activities and
Point Source Assessment urban runoff from storm sewers and urban
surfaces have resulted in siltation, high
The Rockaway River appears to be impacted stream temperatures, and losses of riparian
by a combination of point and nonpoint vegetation, all of which contribute to a gen-
sources. In the Upper Rockaway watershed, eral decline in stream water quality. In the
a number of small treatment plants dis- stretch between Dover and the Boonton
charge to the river. Of these, the Picatinny Reservoir this degradation has led to a re-
Arsenal discharge to Green Pond Brook, the duction in the stream's trout holding capac-
Berkshire Sand and Stone discharge to the ity. Farther downstream of the reservoir
Rockaway, Jefferson Township's Middle and the impacts from these sources become
High School discharge to Edison Brook and more severe, and together with the effects
the Stanlick School discharge to Lake of point sources the fish population de-
Shawnee are all under enforcement actions grades to one limited to species such as carp,
because of poor quality wastewaters. Septic which are tolerant of pollution.
systems are also thought to be contributing
to pollution loads in the river. The Boonton Many other streams in this watershed are
Reservoir likely acts as a pollutant sink be- also impacted by urbanization. Construction
cause of detention in the reservoir. and urban runoff (sewers, urban surfaces)
have degraded Jackson Brook where
In the Lower Rockaway River the Rockaway fishkills have been documented. Beaver
Valley Regional SA has been the dominant Brook is reported to have a severely im-
discharger to the river. This discharge was paired fishery due to intensive and in-
recently upgraded to level 4 treatment with creasing road and housing construction.
denitrification, and expanded to a 12 mgd Development is so severe around Den Brook
design capacity. But the discharge is sus- that it has led to complete habitat destruc-
pected of being the prime source of nutri- tion within the stream.
ents, ammonia and depressed DO in the
Lower Rockaway. The impacts of the dis- Designated Use and Goal Assessment
charge are magnified by limited drawdown
from Boonton Reservoir during low-flow. The Rockaway River will only meet the fish
The Rockaway Valley SA discharge may propagation and maintenance designated
contribute up to 50 percent of the Rock- uses and Clean Water Act goal in certain ar-
away's stream flow during extreme low-flow eas. This is the river above Dover. From
Dover to the Boonton Reservoir the river

111-250

partially achieves the use, while below the
Boonton Reservoir it does not meet the use.
Various tributaries meet, meet but are
threatened, partially meet, or do not meet
the fish propagation/maintenance use. The
river will not achieve swimmable status.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name and
Classification

3 Rockaway River at Boonton
FW-2, Nontrout

4 Rockaway River at
Pine Brook,
FW-2 Nontrout

See page 111-246 for a map of the Rockaway watershed.

Rockaway River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

OVERALL A~
STATION TEMP OXYGEN pH :BACTERIAINUTRIENTS! SOLIDS 1 AMMONIA METALS ;AVERAGE AND:

Rockaway R AVG
at Boonton WQI 2 4 7 23 17 6 1 2 ID :14 Good

WORST3: June- Nov- June- Nov- Nov- Feb- July- 25Good/Fair
NONTHS August Jan August Jan Jan April Sept aNov-Jan

aRockaway R AVG
at Pine WQI 2 28 2 21 43 9 10 7 41 Fair
:Brook ______ _________
IWORST3 June- July- July- June- July- August- July- M ay- 86very poor:
MONTHS August Sept Sept August Sept Oct Sept July July-Sept

Lf1EGEII - naj~,or.Qua~fllxJodcxJDoacrloALioai

WQI Condition toancription
(11
0-10 Excellent 11o or mnlimal pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollution In high amounts;
water uses net throughout oater -tes not net.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally too amounnt Of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at ..tr-eely
pollaitlon; atr aaen hxha Ie'i.; -cerve Atr~ef to
periodically not met. stream life; o tter uses not met.

26-60 Pair Pollaation amounts vary from I 0 raiufficient Data
moderato to high levels;
certain uPter uses prohibited.

Aaa indax of 20 in equivalent to tlia level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Rockaway River

DISCHARGE NAME 1f NJPDES RECIEVING WATERS 1 MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
1 I I - - ----------- - - ----------------- : -----------
Jefferson Twp. Sr. High and :0021091 Rockaway River :Jefferson Twp/Morris Municipal
:Middle School i
Roxbury Motel Assoc. '0028304 :Drakes Brook :Roxbury Twp./Morris ,Municipal
HIercules Inc. :0000876 :Black River : Roxbury Twp./Morris JInd./Comm.
,Picatinny Arsenal :0002500 :Green Pond Brook 'Rockaway Twp./Morrisl'nd./Comm.
:Air Prod. + Chem. Corp. :0000523 :Rockaway River :Wharton Boro/Morris JInd./Comm.
L>E> Carpenter + Co. :0003611 :Rockaway River :Wharton Boro/Morris ,Ind./Comm.
:GHA Lock Joint :0002593 :Rockaway River :Wharton Boro/Morris !Ind./comm.
lThatcher Glass Mfg. Co. :0034681 :Ground Water 'Wharton Boro/Morris Ind./Comm.
Mt. Hope Rock Prod., Inc. :0003409 :White Meadow Brook :Rockaway Twp./Morris:Ind./Comm.
:Rockaway Townsquare Mall 10032808 :Rockaway River Rockaway Twp./Morris Ind./Comm.
'McWilliams Forge Co., Inc. 10002496 !Rockawayy River Rockaway Twp./Morris:Ind./Comm.
:Ilowmet Turbine Co. Corp. 10001635 :Rockaway River :Rockaway Twp./Morris Ind./Comm.
Hewlett-Packard Co. NJ Div. ,0003077 :Hibernia Brook Rockaway Twp./MorrisjInd./Comm.
-Ivex Corp. :0034720 :Rockaway River :Rockaway Twp./MorrisjInd./Comm.
Kueffel + Esser Co. Redon Plt'0001261 Burnt Meadow Brook :Rockaway Twp./MorrisjInd./Comm.
WP Realty Co. [0035050 jBeaver Brook :Denville Twp./MorrisjInd./Comm.
Our Lady of the Magnificat :0024457 :Butler Reservoir :Kinnelon Boro/Morris:Municipal
School
lMontville Twp. BP MVA - :0030317 Valhalla Brook :Montville Twp/Morris'Municipal
Norland
Montville Twp. MUA-Brook :0030317 :Valhalla Brook :Montville Twp/Morris:Municipal
Valley STP- :
IScerbo Bros., Inc. :0030911 :Crooked Brook :Boonton Twp./Morris :Ind./Comm.
:Rockaway Valley Reg. S.A. :0022349 :Rockaway River :Prsipny.-Tryhls./MorMunicipal
:Jim Salerno Pontiac Inc. 10031755 !Rockaway River :Randolph Twp./Morris:Ind./Comm.
Randolph High School 10026603 !Mill Brook : Randolph Twp./Morris'Municipal
Advance Pressure Casting Corp'0034649 1Rockaway River :Denville Twp./Morris'Thermal
:Green Hammer Metal Products :0034134 Rockaway River :Dover/Morris Thermal
Company i
'Jefferson Middle & High :0021091 :Rockaway River !Jefferson Twp/Morris:Municipal
School
Mt. Olive Township :0021954 'Drakes Br. : Flanders/Morris :Municipal
:Howmet Turbine Comporets Corp 0001635 'Rockaway River :Rockaway/Morris :Thermal/Ind
White Meadow Lake Prop Onm :0022802 ,White Meadow Brook :Rockaway Twp./Morris'Municipal
\ -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --------------------------------

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: Rockaway River Cont.
/------------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME I4 NJFDES :RECIEVING WATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY~ TYPE

jAction Technology Company 10027564 !Burnt Meadow Brook IRockaway/Morris !Industrial
:Rockaway Township WTP :0035785 :Beaver Brook !Rockaway Twp/Morris !Industrial
:Pneu Hydro Products Inc. 10052396 :Green Pond Brook :Wharton Boro/Morris :Industrial
:Thermal American Fused :0032026 :Beaver Brook :Montville/Morris ~Thermal
:Dover, Town of ~0055727 ~Rockaway River :Dover/Morris !Industrial
:Adron :0003506 ~Lake Intervale :Parsippany/Morris :Industrial
;Berkshire Sand & Stone :0029394 !Rockaway River :Jefferson Twp./Morr :Industrial

- I~ --------------------------------

33. PEQUANNOCK RIVER ommended criterion in only one sample
during the period of review.
Watershed Description
Biological monitoring is also performed at
The Pequannock River is 30 miles long and the Macopin Intake. Both macroinverte-
drains an area of 90 square miles. Its head- brate and periphyton sampling found good
waters are in Sussex County and it flows healthy communities, but some nutrient en-
east, delineating the Morris/Passaic County richment or the presence of detritus is indi-
line. It continues flowing east and joins the cated.
Wanaque River and flows to the Pompton
River in Wayne Township. There are many The Pequannock River upstream of Butler is
lakes, ponds and reservoirs in this area, but assessed as supporting a healthy cold water
the major impoundments are the Kikeout fish community. Below Butler, the fishery
Reservoir, Lake Kinnelon, Clinton Reser- is judged to be moderately degraded. Two
voir, Canistear Reservoir, Charlottsburg additional streams in the watershed were as-
Reservoir, Oak Ridge Reservoir, and Echo sessed: Pacack Brook is evaluated to be
Lake Reservoir. The major tributary is containing a healthy warm water fishery;
Stonehouse Brook. Population in this water- Kikeout Brook is believed to carry a de-
shed is centered in Butler and Bloomingdale graded cold water fish community.
Townships.
Problem and Goal Assessment
The great majority of the land use in this
watershed is forested and protected for wa- Point Source Assessment
ter supply purposes and parklands. The re-
maining is residential and indus- The Pequannock River watershed is pri-
trial/commercial. There are 18 NJPDES per- marily forested and in protected water sup-
mitted discharges; 6 municipal and 12 in- ply lands. As a result, development and
dustrial. Waters are classified FW-1 in the pollution sources are, for the most part,
Newark water supply area, FW-2 Trout Pro- limited. The major pollution problem in the
duction, FW-2 Trout Maintenance, and FW-2 watershed was the Butler-Bloomingdale STP
Nontrout. which discharges to the lower portion of
the river. The plant had a history of poor
Water Quality Assessment quality effluent. In December 1987, the
plant discontinued operation with flows
The Pequannock River is routinely sampled tranferred to the Pequannock River Basin
at the Macopin Intake. Based on this moni- Regional STP. Improvements to river water
toring the Pequannock River has good quality should result from this action. En-
overall water quality, with conditions ap- forcement activities are underway against
proaching fair quality during summer two facilities having deleterious impacts on
months. The river is classified trout main- stream water quality: the West Milford MUA
tenance at this location. The only signifi- Crescent Park STP discharge to Belchers
cant water quality problem identified in Creek and the Petracca Landfill adjacent to a
ambient monitoring is stream temperature, small tribuatary to the Pequannock River.
which is often above recommended trout
maintenance criterion from June to August. Nonpoint Source Assessment
Dissolved oxygen is sufficient at all times
and biochemical oxygen demand is usually The principal source of nonpoint pollution
less than 3.0 mg/l. Fecal coliform counts did in the Pequannock River watershed from
not exceed the 200 MPN/lOOml criterion Stockholm to the Pompton River is evaluated
from 1983 to 1987, and had a geometric mean to be urban/suburban development. In
of 25. Nutrients are also low, as total phos- general, water quality declines as one trav-
phorus averaged .05 mg/l and exceeded rec- els downstream especially as one passes
through the Butler-Bloomingdale area. Re-

111-255

ported pollution sources include rising lev-
els of runoff from roads, building construc-
tion, urban surfaces, storm sewers and sur-
face mines. Additiion problems below
Bloomingdale include channelization,
streambank modification, and the removal
of riparian vegetation. All this has con-
tributed to high water temperatures, silt
loads, and organic pollution.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Pequannock River will achieve the fish
propagation/maintenance designated use in
most parts of the river. The lower five
miles, evaluated to contain a moderately de-
graded fisheries, is classified as partially
meeting the designated use. Monitoring at
the Macopin Intake finds that the river will
meet the swimmable use and clean water
goal at this location.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station and
Classification

I Pequannock River at
Macopin Intake,
FW-2 Trout Maintenance

See page 111-265 for a map of the Pequannock River water-
shed.

111-256

WA TERJIIALIT-Y-INDEX-P-IWEI LE-lB-B.azUI-8

Pequannock River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN P11 :BACTERIA:NUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:

Pequannock AVG
River at : WQI 15 38 8 : 9 9 4 2 ID 12 Good
Macopin ____ j______ _ _ _ _ __ _______
Lntake WORST3 June- March- Nov- June- May- Jan- July- :26 Good
MONTHS: August : May : Jan : August July March Sept :June-August
I I I I III

LEGENID - lator.uaiixLndexJleacrip1Ion
WQI Condition Description
0-10 Excellent Ila or minImal PollutlonZ 61-80 roor P ollution In high amounts;
waater uses met throughout wster uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low amountl of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extreaely
pollution; water unee high In-vls; meaere stream to
periodically not met. stream life; water uses not met.

(A 26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
modrafteo Lo high levela;
certain water uses prohibited.
Al Inalax of 20 in equivalent to thse level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: PEQUANNOCK RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME ,i0 NJPDES 1RECIEVING WATERS 1MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
--------------- __-----------------------------------
jW Milford MUA-Crescent Pk STP:0026174 :Belchers Creek :W. Milford Twp/Pass ~Municipal
:Camp Vacamas Ass. of NJ :0030201 !Pequannock R. Trib. :W. Milford Twp/Pass ~Mun/Ind/Comj
W. Milford MUA-Olde Milford 10027677 :Belchers Creek Trib.:W. Milford Twp/Pass :Municipal
:W. Milford High View 10027685 :Vreeland Pond :W. Milford Twp/Pass Municipal
jMilford Manr Nursing Home-STP10026981 :Trib. to Nosengo :W. Milford Twp/Pass :Ind./Comm.
~Kinnelon H.S. ~0022284 jTrib to Pequanock R.!Kinnelon Boro/MorrisIMunicipal
lKinnelon Twp.-Stony Brk. Sch. 0022276 :Pequannock River lKinnelon Boro/Morris:Municipal
jPass. Crushed Stone Co., Inc.:0025500 :Pequannock River !Pompton Lks Boro/Pasl~nd./Comin.I
!Riverdale Quarry 10001601 :Pequannock River !Riverdale Boro/Morrillnd./Comm.
W. Milford Shopping Ctr. :0024414 :Belcher's Creek :W. Milford/Passaic !Industrial
:Passaic Rubber Co. 10030457 !Pequannock River ~Wayne Twp/Passaic :Ind/Thermal:
Mack-Wayne Plastics Corn :0030775 ~Pequannock River !Wayne Twp/Passaic :Ind/Thermal:
:Pilot Metal Fabricators Inc. ~0033642 :Pequannock River !Wayne Twp/Passaic :Thermal
~NJ Department of Defense 0050717 !Pequannock R~iver :Riverdale Boro/Morr.!Industrial
jRaia Industries 0062243 !Pequannock River :Riverdale Boro/Morr :Ind./Storm
:Vibration Mounting & Control :0025712 :Pequannock River :Butler/Morris :Industrial
jButler Water Department :0025721 jKakeout Brook :Butler/Morris :Industrial
Go :Franks Sanitation Service :0065862 :Pequannock :Riverdale/Burl ~Ind

--------------------------- --------------------------------------------------

34. WANAQUE RIVER Wanaque River at Wanaque. Fecal coliform
counts had a geometric mean of 9 MPN/100
Watershed Description ml from 1983 to 1987, with all counts less
than 200 MPN/100 ml. Total phosphorus was
The Wanaque River, with its headwaters in similarily low, averaging .03 mg/l. Dis-
New York State, has a total drainage area of solved oxygen, as measured as concentra-
108 square miles. That part which is in New tion and percent saturation, is adequate for
Jersey is in Passaic County. Its headwaters warm water fisheries throughout the year.
begin as minor tributaries to Greenwood
Lake (which is half in New York and half in Wanaque Reservoir is assessed by the
New Jersey) before flowing southwesterly Wanaque Reservoir is assessed by the New
toNew Jersey) beforWanaque flReservoir, thenng southwesterly Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife as
to the Wanaque Reservoir, then south to containing a healthy cold water fish com-
Lake Inez. It flows from Lake Inez to its containing a healthy cold water fish com-
Lake Inez. It flows from Lake Inez to its
confluence with the Pequannock River at munity. Below the reservoir the fishery
Riverdale. The river's total length is 27 shifts to warm water species and is judged to
miles. Major tributaries include West Brook be moderately degraded. Belcher Creek is
and Jennings Creek. There are many lakes, evaluated as supporting a moderately de-
reservoirs, and ponds with the larger ones graded warm water fish community.
being the Wanaque Reservoir, Greenwood Problem and Goal Assessment
Lake, Arcadia Lake and Lake Inez. There
are no large population centers, but most of
the people can be found living in Ringwood Point Source Assessment
and Wanaque Townships.
The water quality of the Wanaque River at
Most of the land in this watershed is unde- Wanaque, although excellent, is probably
veloped, consisting of vacant lands, reser- not indicative of the entire river. Condi-
voirs, parks, and farms. For the most part, tions are thought to degrade somewhat in a
the remainder is residential with some land downstream direction. Below this monitor-
being used for industry and commerce. Of ing station point sources and increased de-
the 11 NJPDES permitted discharges here, 4 velopment likely influence the river's
are commercial/industrial, and 7 are mu- quality.
nicipal. The waters of this drainage area
have been classified FW-1, FW-2 Trout Pro- Two municipal sewage treatment facilities,
duction, FW-2 Trout Maintenance, and FW-2 (the Haskell and Meadowbrook STPs, both in
Nontrout. Wanaque Boro), were under enforcement
action in prior years and were impacting
Water Quality Assessment water quality of the Wanaque River. They
have been eliminated recently with the
The Wanaque River has one ambient water completion of the new Wanaque Valley Re-
quality monitoring station which is located gional SA facility. An industrial discharge
at Wanaque. This is just downstream of the to Belcher Creek is suspected of degrading
dam at Wanaque Reservoir, a major water the fishery of the creek. The Lakeland High
supply source. As such, water quality con- School hazardous waste site in Wanaque
ditions in the Wanaque River at Wanaque Township is contaminating High Mountain
are highly influenced by the impoundment. Brook with chemicals.
Routine monitoring finds the Wanaque
River to be of excellent quality with very Nonpoint Source Assessment
little pollution. During 1983 to 1987 there
was very little seasonal change in water Nonpoint source assessments on the
quality Wanaque River were restricted to the river
reaches below the Wanaque Reservoir. In
Few water quality problems have been doc- this region the primary nonpoint pollution
umented by ambient monitoring of the sources are those associated with ur-

111-259

ban/suburban development; they have de-
graded the fishery habitat by contributing
to excessive siltation and elevated stream
temperatures. Other nonpoint pollution
sources known to be a problem here include
runoff from urban surfaces and roads. In
addition, the removal of riparian vegetation
along the river is reported to have further
contributed to stream degradation.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Wanaque River is swimmable as it
emerges from the Wanaque River. It is not
known if the river maintains good bacterial
quality downstream. The Wanaque River
will meet the fish propagation and mainte-
nance use above the reservoir, but is
thought to partially meet it below the
impoundment.

Monitoring Station List

Map Number Station Name and
Classification

2 Wanaque River at Wanaque,
FW-2 Nontrout

See page V-265 for a map of the Wanaque Watershed.

WATERQUAlLITLJNDEXPJnQLILEJ11133AIJWL

Wanaclue River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

IOVERALL AT.T
STATION TEMP OXYGEN I l 1BACTERIA!NIITRIENTS; SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS !AVERAGE AND!
I I I I I ~ ~~I I r CIT)T'TICU)?I
:Wanaque AVG
River at WQI I 3 4 4 6 6 3 Excellent:
Wlanaque_
:WORST3: July- may- :Jan- Sept- April- Feb- July- Sept- :4 Excellent
MONTHS: Sept July March Nov June April Sept Nov :Sept-Nov

UEGCElIf - natoLpuaUt*JndoxflecriP-lion

wqI Condition Doacription

0-10 Excellent Ila or mnli-Il pollution: 61-80 Poor Poll'ition In high axountf;
,ater umem met throughout Rater uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lou anountm of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occora at -etra.ely
pollution; -ater %area hIgh ""v!,; L"vere atreap to
periodically not Jet. ,trea. lie:; :ater u6cP not IIt.

0) i26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
modcrate to hibh leyvln;
certain vater uses prohibited.

An Index of 20 ia equivalont to tire level of water quality criteria.

NWJ.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: WANAQUE RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME t# NJPDES RECIEVING WATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE
------------------- --------------------- ------
:Americ~an Candle Co. Inc. 10029769 jPassaic Trib. :Wanaque Boro/PassaiclInd./Comm.
:Arrow Group Ind., Inc. :0001317 jPost Brook ;Wanaque Boro/Passaic!Ind./comm.
s5olar Prod. :0029947 :Wanaque River :Pomton Lks Boro/Pass:Ind./Comm
;National Beryllia Pecision :0025470 :Post Brook :Wanaque Boro/Passaic:Thermal
:West Milford Twp. MUJA :0027669 :Wanaque River :West Milford/Passaic~Municipal
:Wanaque Valley RSA/WTP :0053759 !Wanaque River :Ringwood Boro/Pass. IMunicipal
:Ringwood Plaza STP M032395 :Wanaque River !Ringwood Boro/Pass. :Municipal
!Ringwood Acres Treatment :0027006 :High Mt. Brook !Ringwood Boro/Pass. :Municipal
:Robert Erskine Schol :0029432 :Erskine Brook :Ringwood Boro/Pass. :Municipal
:Peter Cooper School :0034169 :High Mt. Brook :Ringwood Boro/Pass. :Municipal
~Marshall Hill School :0033308 :Greenwood Lake !West Milford/Passaic!Municipal

r0)

r~- - -----------------------------------------------

35. RAMAPO AND POMPTON rion in all measurements, when analyzed as
RIVERS percent saturation it was occasionally below
80 percent. Biochemical oxygen demand
Watershed Description appears to periodically be greater than 4.0
mg/I. Conditions in the Ramapo River de-
grade somewhat during late summer/early
The Ramapo River has a drainage area of grade somewhat during late summer/early
about 160 square miles, 110 of which are in
New York State. It flows from New York into In the Pompton River conditions are better.
Bergen County and enters the Pequannock Good quality waters from the Pequannock
River to form the Pompton River in Wayne and Wanaque Rivers appear to be main-
Township. The Ramapo River is 15 miles tained in the Pompton River. Although
long in New Jersey. The Pompton River is a lower than the Ramapo River, the Pompton
tributary to the Passaic River and is 7 miles River contains moderate bacterial and nu-
long. Major impoundments include Point trient concentrations. Total phosphorus
View Reservoir #1, Pompton Lake and Pines was elevated in 66 percent of the samples,
Lake. The population centers are Mahwah, and averaged .19 mg/I. Total inorganic ni-
Pompton Lakes, Pompton Plains, Oakland, trogen is occasionally high, averaging 1.3
and Franklin Lakes.
mg/I. Fecal coliform had a geometric mean
of 143 MPN/100ml during the period of re-
Over one-half of this watershed is undevel- view, with 44 percent greater than the 200
view, with 44 percent greater than the 200
oped, with the remainder being primarily MPN/lOOml criterion. The Pompton River
suburban/commericial/industrial. New. de- also suffers from low dissolve
also suffers from low dissolved oxygen satu-
velopment is extensive in many areas of the ration during summer months. During this
watershed. There are 24 NJPDES permitted period saturation is usually less than 80
discharges present in the two watersheds, percent. BOD concentrations are somewhat
17 of which are municipal and 7 are indus- elevated in low flow periods One elevated
trial. Waters have been rated FW-2 Trout
tProduction and FW-2 Nontrout. cadmium concentration was found in the
Pompton River during the period of review.

Water Quality Assessment The Ramapo River is evaluated by the New
Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife as
The Ramapo and Pompton Rivers both have supporting a healthy warm water fish
one ambient monitoring station each. The community. The Masonicus Brook, a
Ramapo River is sampled at Mahwah and the Ramapo River tributary, is judged to be
Pompton River is monitored at Packanack containing a moderately degraded warm
Lake. Results of this monitoring finds that water fishery. The Pompton River supports
the Pompton River has good conditions both cold and warm water fish forms, yet
while the Ramapo River contains fair qual- these populations are believed to be moder-
ity waters. ately degraded.

The Ramapo River is afflicted with moder- Problem and Goal Assessment
ately excessive fecal coliform and nutrient
concentrations. Fecal coliform exceeded
State criterion in 70 percent of all samples,
and had a geometric mean of 586
MPand had a geometric mean of 586 The Ramapo and Pompton Rivers have water
MPN/sloml. High concentrations of total quality problems that are due to both point
phosphorus are also found. Total phospho- and nonpoint sources. The Ramapo has a
rus averaged .20 mg/l from 1983 to 1987
with 78 percentu abover the recommended significant discharge to it in New York State
critereion of .1 mg/. Total inorganic nitro- before it flows into New Jersey. Fish kills
criterion of .1 mg/l. Total inorganic nitro-
are thought to have resulted at times be-
gen was found to be high in 10 percent of
cause of the discharge. Downstream, Oak-
the samples collected. Although dissolved
oxygen concentrations were above crite- land Boro requires centralized treatment to
oxygen concentrations were above crite-

111-263

correct on-site system problems. Along the Monitoring Station List
Pompton River a number of municipal dis-
chargers have been either upgraded or Map Number Station Name and
eliminated. One facility, the Pompton Lakes Classification
MUA discharge to the Pompton River, is un-
der Department enforcement action for vi- 3 Ramapo River near Mahwah,
olating permit limitations for residual chlo- FW-2 Nontrout
rine and BOD. Good quality waters from its 4 Pompton River at
tributaries help to maintain the good status Packanack Lake,
FW-2 Nontrout
of the Pompton River.

Nonpoint Source Assessment

Moderate, yet increasing levels of subur-
ban/urban development along the length of
the Ramapo River have resulted in both a
loss of habitat for biota and an apparent de-
cline in water quality from siltation and el-
evated stream temperatures. Runoff from
housing and road construction sites, espe-
cially the construction of Interstate 287,
combined with runoff from urban surfaces
and storm sewers, have contributed signifi-
cantly to pollution in the waterways. Habi-
tat loss in this river has been expanded and
intensified by local dredging and
channelization.

Urban development has resulted in water
quality degradation in the Pompton River.
Increasing levels of runoff from construc-
tion activity, urban surfaces, storm sewers,
and surface mining, together with dredging
and the removal of riparian vegetation
have contributed to silt and nutrient load-
ing, elevated stream temperatures, and
flooding. The fish community in the
Pompton has been reduced to species toler-
ant of degraded conditions; few game fish
are present and species diversity is low in
many areas of the river.

Designated Use and Goal Assessment

The Ramapo River will meet the fish propa-
gation and maintenance designated use, but
the waterway's fisheries are considered
threatened by agricultural pollution. The
Pompton River will partially meet this des-
ignated use because of moderately degraded
fisheries. Both rivers are not of swimmable
quality due to elevated fecal coliform levels.

111-264

POMPTON, PEQUANNOCK, RAMAPO AND WANAQUE RIVERS

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

WALLKILL RIVER

LOWER PASSAIC RIVER

ROCKAWAY RIVER in

LEGEND
o 234 8
- STATE BOUNDARY
STREAM
- - COUNTY BOUNDARIES SCALE IN MILES
.-....- MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
, _II WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

111-265

WATER -UALITYINDEXJIROUILE 1a.9rIA1WI

Ramapo And Pompton Rivers
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP I OXYGEN 1PH1 :BACTERIAINUTRIENTS: SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS :AVEFAGE AND:

Ramapo R AVG : : : : : :
Near Mahwah WQI 2 10 5 42 : 24 : 9 a 8 6 :32 Fair
II I I
:WORST3: July- August-: Jan- : July- : August- : Dec- Jan- : May- :42 Fair
MONTHS: Sept Oct March : Sept : Oct : Feb : March : July Aug-Oct

I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I

Pompton R AVG
Packanack WQI 2 12 2 24 : 22 : 7 6 9 :20 Good
:Lake
:WORST3: June- July- SepSep Sept- : August- August- August- Sept- :32 Fair
MONTHS: August Sept Nov Nov : Oct : Oct Oct Nov :Aug-Oct

LEGEdI~I - lHtoDr~u aLLL...ndoLJ~,,a~ripj..iOJ
1\) )nQ1 Condition Doecription
0)
0-10 Excellent 1lb or minimal pollution; 61-80 Poor Pollution In high amounts;
water Uses met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally IoU Amounts or 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at eatrtmely
pollution; water unea high le'els; severe stress to
periodically not met. str eam life; water uses not -et.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vnry from ID Insufficient Data
moderate to high levels;
certain water uses prohibited.

An index of 20 le equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: POMPTON AND RAMAPO R.

DISCHARGE NAME :# NJPDES : RECIEVING WATERS 1 MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

'Oak Knolls-Oakland Boro '0027774 'Unnamed Trib. to :Oakland Boro/Bergen Municipal
Ramapo River
1E.I. DuPont De Nemours 0001350 :Pompton Lake Pmptn. Lk. Boro/Pass!Ind./Comm.
:Franklin Lakes STP :0021946 'Ramapo River jMahwah Twp./Bergen 'Municipal
jMahwah Twp.-Blue Hills Dev. :0023906 !Ramapo River :Mahwah Twp./Bergen :Municipal
'Gem Car Wash '0030139 :Ramapo River 'Wayne Twp./Passaic IInd./Comm.
:Manito Sch. Bd. of Ed. :0030384 Ramapo River :Oakland Boro/Bergen :Municipal
IRamapo-Indian Hills Reg. H.S. 0021253 'Crystal Brook : Franklin Lks. Boro/ 'Municipal
Bergen
:Ramapo St. College STP :0024082 !Ramapo River : Mahwah Twp./Bergen :Municipal
Riverdale Plastics Inc. ,0030074 'Passaic River Trib. :Riverdale Boro/MorrslInd./Comm.
Pompton Lakes Borough MUA 0023698 ;Pompton River : Pompton Lks Boro/Pas Municipal
Sheffield Hills Plt. 10026841 :Pompton River . Wayne Twp./Passaic !Municipal
Pequannock Twp.-Plains Plaza [0026514 !Pompton River :Pequannock Twp/MorrsjInd./Comm.
Pequannock Twp.-Laurel Homes :0022926 jPompton River ,Pequannock Twp/Morrs Municipal
Tri Corner Reality Corp. :0021245 :Ramapo River :Franklin Lakes/Berg :Municipal
:Urban Farms Shopping CTR :0026441 :Pond Brook :Franklin Lakes/Berg :Municipal
Ramapo Hills Bd of Ed :0021253 !Crystal Creek 1Oakland/Bergen : Municipal
Oakland Care Center :0029858 !Ramapo River 1Oakland/Bergen :Municipal
Oakland, Borough of :0021342 :Ramapo River : Oakland/Bergen !Municipal
Dewey Electronic Corp :0052299 IRamapo River !Oakland/Bergen :Thermal
Oakland Boro-Chapel Hill Est. 0053112 :Trib of Ramapo 1Oakland/Bergen IMunicipal
Oakland Town Houses :0061981 :Trib of Ramapo :Oakland/Bergen :Municipal
Wayne, Township of :0026841 ,Pompton River 'Wayne/Passaic IMunicipal
MBA Printed Circuits Inc :0029653 :Pompton River :Wayne/Passaic Municipal
Clifton Adhesive Inc :0029971 !Burgess Place lWayne/Passaic 'Ind
American Cyanamid Co 10032778 :Point View Res :Wayne/Passaic :Ind
Pequannock LP & Fair FLDS :Pompton River :Lincoln Park/Morris Mun/Ind

\ /

36. LOWER PASSAIC RIVER Singac to good quality at Little Falls and
poor quality at Elmwood Park. The im-
Watershed. Description provements in river quality at Little Falls is
likely due to in-stream reaeration caused by
The Lower Passaic River is considered in a number of small falls in the river. Prob-
this report to be that section from the lems in the river include excessive fecal
Pompton River confluence downstream to coliform, in-stream oxygen demand and
Newark Bay. This 33 mile section includes nutrient concentrations. All three Passaic
parts of Bergen, Hudson, Passaic and Essex River monitoring stations had total phos-
Counties. Major tributaries include the Sad- phorus averaging from .36 to .44 mg/l, with
dle River, Preakness Brook, Second River, nearly all samples containing excessive
and the Third River. The Lower Passaic amounts. Total inorganic nitrogen was also
River contains a number of falls, culmi- high; averaging around 2.5 mg/l at the
nating with the Great Falls at Paterson. three locations. At Singac the Passaic also
There is one small dam on the river near contained occasionally high total Kjeldahl
Newark named Dundee Dam. This is a nitrogen, as 26 percent of the values were
densely populated area including the major greater than 2.5 mg/l. Un-ionized ammonia
cities of Newark, Paterson, Clifton, and East is elevated in the Passaic River at Little Falls
Orange. Sub-watersheds include the Mid- during low-flow periods.
Passaic River from the confluence of the
Pompton River to the confluence of the Sad- Fecal coliform concentrations varied widely
dle River, Saddle River, and the Lower Pas- at the Lower Passaic stations. Geometric
saic River. means ranged from 40 MPN/100ml at Little
Falls to 2710 MPN/100 ml at Elmwood Park.
The predominate land use in this watershed Exceedence of the 200 MPN/lOOml criterion
is extensive development with many older occurred in 61, 40 and 92 percent of the
cities and industries present. There is little samples collected at Singac, Little Falls, and
open space except in the Upper Saddle River Elmwood Park, respectively. Dissolved oxy-
Watershed. Of the 119 NJPDES permitted dis- gen concentrations were above the 4.0 mg/l
charges identified, 100 are indus- standard in all measurements from the
trial/commercial and 19 are municipal. The Lower Passaic. Dissolved oxygen saturation
waters of the Lower Passaic River and its periodically falls below 80 percent at all
tributaries are classified FW-2 Trout Pro- three locations. Biochemical oxygen de-
duction, FW-2 Trout Maintenance (in the mand occasionally approaches 10 mg/l in
Saddle River watershed), FW-2 Nontrout, SE- the Lower Passaic. Conditions are poorest in
2 and SE-3. the river during low-flow periods.

Water Quality Assessment Water quality of the Saddle River is de-
graded because of extremely high nutrients,
The Lower Passaic River, including the Sad- and moderately elevated fecal coliform and
dlThe Lower Passaic River, flows through a densely popu- biochemical oxygen demand. Total phos-
die River, flows through a densely popu-
lated, urbanized and industrialized region. phorus averaged 1.3 and .87 mg/l at Fair
As a result, water qualty conditions in the Lawn and Lodi, respectively, from 1983 to
region's surface waters are reflectiohve of 1987. Practically all samples contained total
region's surface waters are reflective of
numerous point sources, significant non- phosphorus in excess of State criterion.
point source contributions and high sedi- Total inorganic nitrogen and total Kjeldahl
ment oxygen demands. Ambient monitoring nitrogen are found at very high concen-
of the Lower Passaic is performed at Little trations. Total inorganic nitrogen averaged
Falls, Singac and Elmwood Park. The Saddle 6.6 mg/l at Fair Lawn and 5.4 mg/l at Lodi.
River is monitored at Fair Lawn and Lodi. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen had a mean of 4.6
mg/l at Fair Lawn and 3.4 mg/l at Lodi. Un-
Water quality in the Lower Passaic River ionized ammonia appears high in the Saddle
from 1983 to 1987 varied from fair quality at River during late spring, often exceeding

111-268

State criterion for the protection of a warm quality management for the Passaic River.
water fishery. A number of enforcement actions are di-
rected by the Department at discharges in
Fecal coliform are found in moderate the Lower Passaic, 21 of which are having
amounts in the Saddle River, although con- impacts on surface water quality (15 to the
centrations are higher at Lodi. Geometric Passaic River and tributaries, and 6 to the
means of 640 and 955 MPN/100 ml have been Saddle River and tributaries). A number of
recorded at Fair Lawn and Lodi, respec- municipal treatment facilites have been
tively. These counts are significantly eliminated or upgraded recently. Included
higher than those recorded earlier this is the upgraded and enlarged Wayne Town-
decade. Dissolved oxygen occasionally falls ship STP, and a number of North Haledon
below 4.0 mg/l at Lodi, but appears suffi- Boro plants that were discontinued. Com-
cient at Fair Lawn. Conditions in the Saddle bined sewer overflows are present in the
River are poor at Fair Lawn overall and Newark and Bayonne areas, affecting both
very poor during late spring-early summer. the Passaic River and Newark Bay.
At Lodi conditions are similar, but poorest
quality occurs from August to October dur- The Saddle River is suspected of being pri-
ing the low flow period. marily impacted by urban/suburban
runoff, although point sources do exist in
The warm water fish community of the Pas- the watershed. Six enforcement actions are
saic River between Little Falls and Garfield underway against discharges to the Saddle
has been evaluated by the New Jersey Divi- River that are affecting surface water qual-
sion of Fish, Game and Wildlife as being ity. The very high nutrients, especially
moderately degraded, an improvement com- nitrogen-compounds, is cause for concern
pared to the more degraded conditions up- and should be studied further.
stream between Livingston and Little Falls.
The Passaic River below Garfield is judged to A number of hazardous waste sites and
be in a degraded condition, supporting a contamination problems are found in the
fish community dominated by carp and Lower Passaic and Saddle River watersheds,
goldfish. Occasional fish kills are also re- including Newark Bay. Those sites that are
ported here. Second River and Deepvaal affecting water quality are chromium dis-
Brook, tributaries to the Passaic River, and posal sites in Jersey City (to Newark Bay),
Verona Lake in Verona are all evaluated as the Wayne Township Landfill (volatile or-
supporting a degraded warm water fishery. ganics and metals to a small pond), the Ot-
Notch Brook in Little Falls is assessed as tilio Landfill in Newark (base neutrals,
severely degraded with no aquatic life evi- volatile organics and metals) and the Dia-
dent. mond Alkali/Shamrock Corporation site
along the Passaic River in Newark. This site
Problem and Goal Assessment is suspected of contributing dioxin and
other chemicals to the waterway, sediments
Point Source Assessment and aquatic life.

The Lower Passaic River from the Pompton Nonpoint Source Assessment
River to the Dundee Dam is severely affected
by point sources which overload the assim- The Lower Passaic River suffers water
ilative capacity of the river. The Passaic quality degradation and habitat destruction
River is highly enriched and suffers from from the consequences of extensive ur-
excessive nutrients and oxygen demand. ban/suburban runoff, road and building
Below Dundee Dam the Passaic River is tidal construction activities, waste storage leaks,
and impacted by point and nonpoint riparian vegatation removal, and stream
sources, and boundary conditions. The channel modifications. It is suspected by
large number of point sources discharging local authorities that a proposed flood con-
to the river reflects the complexity of water trol project planned for the Lower Passaic

111-269

will have additional adverse impacts on the Monitoring Station List
already stressed aquatic life in the river.
Map Number Station Name and
In the Passaic River, downstream of Classification
Garfield, the degrading impacts of urban-
ization increase to severe levels. In addition 1 Passaic River at Singac,
to those urban sources listed in the preced- FW-2 Nontrout
ing paragraph, the lower reaches also re-
ceive chemical spills and leachate from con- 2 Passaic River at Little Falls,
taminated soils. Severe degradation from FW-2 Nontrout
urban runoff, construction, and stream- Passaic River at
bank modification is also evident in many of Elmwood Park,
the tributaries to the Passaic in the lower FW-2 Nontrout
watershed. Many of these streams are so
severely degraded that they are reported to 4 Saddle River at Fair Lawn,
be unable to support any form of aquatic FW-2 Nontrout
life.
5 Saddle River at Lodi,
Designated Use and Goal Assessment FW-2 Nontrout

The waters of the Lower Passaic River and
Saddle River will not achieve the
swimmable designated use and goal. The
tidal Passaic River will not meet water qual-
ity criteria for the designated uses assigned
to SE-2 and 3 waters. The Passaic River from
the Pompton River to Little Falls will not
meet the fish propagation/maintenance use
and goal because of degraded fisheries. The
river from Little Falls to Garfield will par-
tially meet this use and goal. The waters of
the tidal Passaic River and Newark Bay are
closed to commercial and recreational
fishing and shellfishing (crabbing) be-
cause of aquatic life contamination with
chlordane, PCBs and dioxin. As such, the
tidal Passaic River will not meet the fish
propagation and maintenance goal. Lack of
water quality data in the tidal Passaic River
prevents determination of designated use
attainment for fish maintenance in SE-3
waters. The Saddle River is partially meet-
ing the fish propagation/ maintenance use
because of the presence of elevated un-ion-
ized ammonia. Other, smaller tributaries to
the Passaic River (Deepvaal Brook, Second
River and Notch Brook) have been assessed
as not achieving this use because of de-
graded fisheries.

LOWER PASSAIC RIVER

NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALITY
INVENTORY REPORT

RAMAPO RIVER

I ' 'AdHACKENSACK RIVER
I-I =

I- -KALEGEND
'"' 'I

-STATE BOUNDARY

/ { STREAM
/ MU HACKENSACK UNDARIVER

\ /� 1 2 3 4 8 _ WATERSHED BO UNDARIES

U -P 0 WATER SAMPLING STATIONC
LOCATION OF BASIN SCALE IN MILES
111-271

W4TEIQUAL IT-DLllDEX-rJ3H 113i- 9 3 19981

Twouer Passaic River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

m VERAILL
STATITON TEMP OXYGEN Pit :BACTERIANUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:

Passaic R AVG
at Singac WQI 8 5 29 35 9 6 14 31 Fair

:WORST3: June- Oct- Nov- Oct- May- May- May- August-:44 Fair
MONTIIS August Dec Jan Dec July July July Oct !Oct-Dec

:aPasaic R AVG 1
Little Falls WlI 3 10 4 12 34 9 13 9 :23 Good

FWORST3 June- Nov- July- April- June- August- July- August-:38 Fair
:MOMTHS: August Jan Sept June August October Sept Oct July-Sept

Pass.ic R AVG FFFFF
!at Elmwood : WQI : 4 : 15 : 8 : 61 39 9 : 5 1 21 :59 Fair
P'ark
:WORST3: June- May- My- Sept- Oct- lNov- Nov- NoV- 72 Poor
F ~ InMONTHS; August 1 July Jully 1 Nov Dec Jan Jan Jan !Oct- Dec

Saddle River: AVG
:At Fair Lawni WQI 3 18 : 3 39 76 15 21 : 8 :68 Poor

:WORST3 June- May- : Nov- May- Nov- Dcc- May- : August-:83Very Poor:
FMONTHS: August July : Jan July Jan Feb July : Oct !May-July

:Saddle River: AVG FF F
t Lodi : WQI 3. 36 2 44 64 15 17 10 :70 Poor

FWORST3; June- :May- Nov:- August-: July- Dec- May- April- :98Very Poor:
MONTHS: August Ju].y Jan Oct Sept Feb July : June :Aug-Oct

LFEGENfl - LLaterQuaiLxtrzndsxJ~Iescr1DLon
WQI Condition Description
0-10 Excellent No or minimal pollution; 81-80 Poor Pollution in high amounts;
water uses met throughout water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally lao amounts of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extremely
pollution; water usee high levels: severe stress to
periodically not met, stream life: water uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Data
moderate to high leveln:
certain water uses prohibited.

An index of 20 to equivalent to the level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: LOWER PASSAIC RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME j*l NJPDES :RECEIVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Patterson, City of 10021971 :Passaic River !Newark/Essex :Municipal
:Macarthur Petrol. & Solvent 10027898 :Passaic River :Newark/Essex 'Municipal.
jKuzmik Mfg Co 10030121 jPeckmnan River 'Newark/Essex :Ind/Thmn/SW
:Universal Foods 10001201 :Second River lBelleville/Essex ~Thermal
:Peerless Tube Co Inc :0029327 !Wigwam Brook :Bloomfield/Essex :Thermal
:Peerless Tube Co Inc :0029335 jWigwam Brook ~ Bloomfield/Essex !Thm/SW
:The Lummus Co Eng Develop :0052078 IThird River :Bloomfield/Essex !Ind
:Dresser Pump Division :0036048 :Second River :Essex County : Thermal
:Orange DPW, City of :0025925 !Wigwam Brook : Orange/Essex :Municipal
'ITT I0245 Pssi ie Nutley/Essex !Ind/Comm
:Eastern Molding Co Inc :0029319 :Passaic River :Belleville/Essex :Ind/Comm
:General Plastics Corp :0029173 :Passaic River :Bloomfield/Essex !Ind/Comm
:Q Petroleum, Inc ~0028185 :Passaic Rivet! ;Newark/Essex ;Ind/Comm
:Franklin Plastics Corp :0002194 :Passaic River ;Kearny/Hudson :Ind/Comm
- Pantasote Co of NY :0020473 :Weasel Brook !Passic/Passaic :Ind/Comm
:Garden St. Paper Corp :0000370 :Passaic River :Garfield/Bergen !Ind/Comm
:Kalama Cem Inc :0000124 :Saddle Brook :Wallington/Bergen ;Ind/Comm
:Farmlan~d Daries : 0033511 :Saddle Brook :Wallington/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Garfield Mfg. Co :0027146 :Saddle Brook :Wallington/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Hearthstone at Mahwah :0023931 :Saddle Brook IMahwah/Bergen !Municipal
:Apple Ridge C.C. 0028827 :Saddle Brook :Mahwah/Bergen ;Ind/Comm
:CM & Son Trucking Inc :0029726 :Smokisvoll Brook :Allendale/Bergen :Id/Comm
;Ridgewood Village STP :0024791 :Hohokus Brook IRidgewood/Bergen ;Municipal
:IBM Corp :0033987 :Sprout Brook :Paramus/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Thermo Electric ~0029441 :Passaic River :Saddle Bk/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:PSE&G Essex Station :0000639 jPassaic River :Newark/Essex :Ind/Comm
:Haledon Borough WD 10003964 :Molly Ann Brook :North Haledon/Pass :Municipal
!JL Prescott Co :0002232 :Passaic River :Passaic/Passaic !Ind/Comm
:River Oil Term., jlnc 10027901 :Passaic River :Passaic/Passaic :Ind/Comm
lCustom Chem Corp :0033146 !Fleischers Brook !Paterson/Passaic ~Ind/Comm
jWest Patterson Boro STP :0022098 :Passaic River :W. Paterson/Passaic ;Ind/Comm
:Singer Co Kearfott Div :0021288 jPassaic River :W. Paterson/Passaic ;Ind/Comm
!Singer Co Kearfott Div I:0021270 :Passaic River :W. Paterson/Passaic !Ind/Comm
:Totowa-Riverview STP :022071 :Passaic River ITotowa/Passaic :Municipal
:ATI Chem Spray Div !0029571 :Passaic River ITotowa/Passaic :Ind/Comm
\---------------------------------------------------

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: LOWER PASSAIC RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME :# NJPDES :RECIEVING WATERS ;MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

1PSE&G Harrison Gas N00O5066 !Passaic River :Harrison/Hudson :Ind/Comm
!Passaic Valley Water Comm :0025607 jPassaic River :Totowa/Passaic :Municipal
jInmount Corp 10002453 !Passaic River !Hawthorne/Passaic !Ind/Comm
:Pan Chem Co 10030031 !Passaic River !Hawthorne/Passaic !Ind/Comm
:Pope Chem Co 10027219 jPassaic River !Paterson/Passaic :Ind/Comm
!Singer Co Kearfott Div :0030902 ~Passaic River !Fairfield/Essex ~Ind/Comm
!Fairmount Chem Co Inc 10033430 jPassaic River :Newark/Essex :Ind/Comm
jSandoz, Inc :0001147 !Passaic River !Fairlawn/Bergen Und/Comm
!Curtis-Wright Corp 10002976 :Deepavaal Brook 'Fairfield/Essex Und/Comm
lEexon Corp-Air Spec Div :0030112 :Passaic River IFairfield/Essex :Ind/Comm
tlnimatic Mfg Corp :0031003 ~Trib to Passaic :Fairfield/Essex !Ind/Conmm
!No W Bergen Co SA M024813 !Hohocus Brook !Waldwick/Bergen :Municipal
:GAF Corp- Adm. & Res. Ctr :0028291 :Passaic RIver !Wayne/Passaic :Ind/Comm
:IBM OPD Trmt Pit Fac :0020109 :W. Br. Hohocus Brk. jFranklin Lks/Bergen :Ind/Comm
Getty Term Corp 10026034 jPassaic River !Newark/Essex :Ind/Comm
4 ~~Sun Oil Co Newark 10002771 :Passaic RIver !Newark/Essex :Ind/Comm
4k ~:Essex Chem !0002283 :Passaic RIver :Newark/Essex : Ind/Comm
:Shulton Inc 10001287 !Weasel Brook !Clifton/Passaic :Thermal
Miles Lab Inc ~0022608 :Passaic River ' Clifton/Passaic :Thermal
:1-leller Heat Treating Comp :0027430 :Passaic River !Clifton/Passaic ;Thermal
lHawthorne, Borough of :0024767 !Passaic River :Haw-thorne/Passaic :Municipal
1PF Laboratories Inc :0035572 jPassaic River :Passaic/Passaic IThermal
:Tilcon Quarry 10020486 :Passaic River !Paterson/Passaic :Thm/Ind
:Mona Industries :0035009 !Passaic River :Paterson/Passaic :Industrial
,Americani Car Wash Systems :0036099 :Passaic River :West Paterson/Pass :Industrial
:US Tempering Glass Comp Inc :0052949 :Saddle River :Thermal
:Marcel Paper Mills Inc :0002674 !Passaic River !East Paterson/Passa :Industrial
!Ken Manufacturing Co Inc :0000906 :Passaic River :Fairlawn/Passaic IThermal
!Nabisco Inc :0002577 !Henderson Brook :Fairlawn/Passaic, :nd/Therm
:Unified Data Products :0034738 jPassaic River :Fairlawn/Passaic !Ther/Ind/SW:
:FMIn 0035459 :Passaic River !Garfield/Passaic :Thermal
:Home Fuel Oil Comp :0027910 :Diamond Brook :Glen Rock Boro !Ind/Storm
:Bergen Cable Techn :0035262 :Lodi Brook !Lodi :Thermal
!Phillips Electronic Instruct :0033235 :Masonicus Creek jMahwah :Industrial
:Interstate Motor Plaza :0098485 :Masonicus Creek :Mahwah :Thermal
------------------------------------------------

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: LOWER PASSAIC RIVER
/-----------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME :0 NJPDES 1 RECIEVING WATERS 1MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Union Camp Corp :0031801 :Passaic River :Wayne Twp/Passaic iInd/Comm
:Caldwell Borough ~ 0020427 :Passaic River :Caldwell/Essex :Municipal
:Fritzsche Dodge & COlcott :0001651 :Passaic River jEast Hanover/Morris :Ind/Comm
:T-Fal :0030694 !Deepavaal Brook IFairfield/Essex :Id/Comm
:Precise Rubber Mfg :0030210 :Trib to Passaic R :Fairfield/Essex :Ind/Comm
:Pollution Ctrl Ind Inc :0028096 :Trib -to Passaic R :W. Caldwell/Essex :Ind/Comm
:Resistoflex Corp :0029955 ;Passaic River !Roseland/Essex :Ind/Comm
:M. Polander & Son, Inc :0003743 :Fullertons Brook Moseland/Ess : Ind/Comm
:Servometer Corp :0027847 !Peckman River :Cedar Grove/Essex !Ind/Comm
:Cedar Grove Twp STP :0025330 :Peckman River :Cedar Grove/Essex :Municipal
!Essex Co Hosp Center 10021687 jPeckman River :Cedar Grove/Essex :Municipal
:Verona Boro STP :0024490 :Peckman River :Verona/Essex :Municipal
!National Starch & Chemical :0003760 :Yantacaw River IBloomfield/Essex :Ind/Comm
- :~National Standard Corp :0000035 jWeasel Brook IClifton/Passaic :Ind/Comm
:Clifton Ent. WC :0034932 lWeasel Brook ~ Clifton/Passaic :Ind/Comm
:Stone Ind :0001589 :Molly Ann Brook :Haledon/Passaic :Ind/Comm
1 Mycalex :0029114 :Passaic River :Passaic/Passaic :Ind/Comm
:Duro Test Corp :0029815 :McDonalds Brook :Clifton/Passaic :Ind/Comm
~Hoffman LaRoche Inc :0034185 :St. Pauls Brook !Nutley/Essex 1Ind/Comm
~ITT-Avionics :0020214 :Passaic River ;Nutley/Essex ;Ind/Comm
:Henkel Process Coin :0002801 :Passaic River :Harrison/Hudson :Thermal
:Tenneco Oil Corp :0031348 :Passaic River !Harrison/Hudson !Ind/Oil/WS
~BASF Corp Chem Div :0001112 !Passaic River !Kearny/Hudson :Industrial
!Western Electric Works :0020443 :Passaic River !Kearny/Hudson : Ind/Thermal:
:Clara Maass Memorial Hospit ~0032280 :Passaic River :Belleville/Essex :Mun/Ind
:Mansol Ceramics Corp :0034193 :Passaic River :Belleville/Essex :Industrial
:Mansol Ceramics Comp :0034223 :Passaic River ~Belleville/Essex :Industrial
:Esgraph Incorporated :0034428 IDeepavaal Brook ~Fairfield/Essex :Industrial
!Borough of Totowa :0022080 :Tributary to Passaic:Totowa/Passaic :Municipal
:Newark, City of :0024724 :Passaic River :Newark/Essex :Municipal
!Broe WN Bovert-Recoma Inc :0035424 :Passaic River :Fairfield/Essex :Industrial
\--------------------------------------------------

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: LOWER PASSAIC RIVER
------------------------------------------------
DISCHARGE NAME :*0 NJPDES :RECEIVING WATERS :MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Stepan Chemical Co :0003182 :Lodi Brook Maywood/Passaic !Thermal
IRamsey Auto Imports 10033634 :Ramsey Brook : Ramsey/Passaic :Industrial
'Millbrook Farms Inc :0025682 :Saddle River : Upper Saddle River :Municipal
:Interna-tional Wire :0098469 H fohokus Brook ;Wyckoff/Passaic !Industrial
:11 & N Chemical Co :0031623 :Passaic River :Totowa/Passaic :Thermal
:Ungerer & Co :0034444 :Passaic River :Totowa/Passaic !Thermal
~GAF Corp :0028291 :Passaic River :Wayne/Passaic !Industrial
I Rexon Techn :0030104 jPassaic River :Wayne/Passaic :Thermal
:Carsow Corp :0034053 !Passaic River :Wayne/Passaic :Thermal
:Okornite Comp :0002615 !Weasal Brook :Passaic/Passaic :Industrial
:Hoffman-LaRoche !0052337 ~Singac Brook ;Thermal
:Little Falls, Township of :0024732 jPeckman River :Little Falls/PassaicIMunicipal
:Schmid Products Co :0034941 :Peckman River :Passaic/Passaic :Industrial
jHercules Inc :0033600 :Passaic River :Passaic/Passaic :Ind/Storm
- :~North Jersey Dev Center :0021261 :Natchunk : Totowa/Passaic Municipal
:Waynie,Township of :0028002, Singac Brook :Wayne/Passaic :Municipal
0) jJersey Specialty Co Inc :0031739 :Storm Sewer To Pass :Wayne/Passaic :Industrial
~Sandoz Parmaceutiacals Corp :0001155 Bl3ack Brook : Glen Gardner/Hunt :Ind/Thm/SW
:Interstate Route 280 :0034959 :Franks Creek IKearny/Hudson :Ind/Thm/SW
:Mobay Chemical Corp :0003174 ;Mollyann Brook IHaledon/Passaic :Industrial

------------------------------------------------

37. HACKENSACKRIVER in impoundments. Dissolved oxygen con-
centrations are adequate throughout the
Watershed Description year, although saturation often falls below
80 percent during the summer. Biochemical
The Hackensack River drains an area of 202 oxygen demand is for the most part under
square miles, which includes parts of Hud- 4.0 mg/I. Conditions in the Hackensack at
son and Bergen Counties. The Hackensack River Vale worsen significantly during the
late summer months.
originates in New York State and flows
south to Newark Bay. The river is 31 miles Monitoring of the Hackensack River at Nw
long in New Jersey. Major tributaries in- oirn f h aksc Rv t e
long in New Jersey. Major tributaries in- Milford reflects the condition of the Oradell
clude the Pascack Creek, Berry's Creek,
Overpeck Creek, and Wolf Creek. The major Reservoir discharge, rather than true
Overeck ree, an Wol Crek. he mjorstream conditions. Pollutant concentrations
impoundments on this river are Oradell stream conditions. Pollutant concentrations
Reservoir, Lake Tappan, and Woodcliff tend to be reduced because of settling in the
Reservoir, Lake Tappan, and Woodcliffrervi.TsiswyteHcnak
reservoir. This is why the Hackensack
Reservoir. This region of the State is very reeroo his c a
populated; major cities being Paramus, River can be considered good at this loca-
populaed; majoruciis b eingsa, Ftion. Both fecal coliform and nutrients are
Bergenfield, Secaucus, Hackensack, Fort
Lee, Jersey City and Englewood. Much of the low, occurring at problematic levels in 30
Lower Hackensack watershed is tidal and 38 percent respectively, of the samples
Lowersacknsactwatrsknsak Mddlcollected. Dissolved oxygen concentrations
marshes known as the Hackensack Mead-
owlands. were above 4.0 mg/1 in all samples from
owlands. /
1983 to 1987. One elevated mercury con-
centration has been found in the Hacken-
About 50 percent of the land use in this wa- cerin h e od o eve
tershed is undeveloped, with more than 30 sack River during the period of review.
percent being residential. The remainder is
commercial/industrial. Of the approxi- The Hackensack Meadowlands Development
cmmercal/istel Of the d appros Commission has conducted an annual sum-
mately 78 NJPDES permitted discharges mee monitoring program of the tidal Hack-
here, 67 are industrial/commercial and 9 mer monitoring program of the tidal Hack-
ensack River and tributaries since 1971.
are municipal. Waters in the Hackensack Cheng and Konsevick (In press) have sum-
River and its tributaries have been classi- Cheng and Konsevick (In press) have sum-
fied as FW-2 Nontrout, FW-2 Trout Produc- marized the results of monitoring from 1978
fied as FW-2 Nontrout, FW-2 Trout Produc-to18frthmanemidlHcnsk
to 1987 for the mainstem tidal Hackensack
tion (Creskill Brook), SE-1, SE-2 and SE-3.tointe l
River. Monitoring results show very low
Water Quality Assessment dissolved oxygen (less than 1.0 mg/1) in the
river during summer months, along with
high levels of biochemical oxygen demand,
The Hackensack River is routinely moni- high levels of biochemical oxygen demand,
tored at two locations: at River Vale and at oil and grease, and fecal coliform. The 10
New Milford. The New Milford station is di- mile stretch of the river analyzed had no
significant changes in water quality for
rectly downstream of the Oradell Reservoir significant changes in water quality for
dam. The Hackensack River has overall selected indicators over the period re-
viewed. The river shows important differ-
good quality waters at River Vale, and at viewed. The river shows important differ-
Newqaiywaesa ieaNew Milford. ences between monitoring sites indicating
that impacts do occur locally.
Elevated total phosphorus and fecal coliform
concentrations are present in the Hacken- Fishery assements by the NJ Division of
Fish, Game and Wildlife were limited to the
sack River at River Vale. Fecal coliform had Cesil er ite h e
Cresskill River in the Upper Hackensack
a geometric mean of 148 MPN/100ml from
watershed and to Overpeck Creek, a tribu-
1983 to 1987, with 37 percent of the values ta to tr e ck B ar
above State criterion. Total phosphorus av- tary to the Lower Hackensack. Both are
above State criterion. Total phosphorus av-
evaluated as supporting moderately de-
eraged .21 mg/l during the period of review.e d apnee
graded fish communities.ThCeskl
Seventy-eight percent of the phosphorus graded fish communities. The Cresskill
readings were greater than the .05 mg/ contains cold water fish species while the
readings were greater than the .05 mg/1
criterion for prevention of eutrophication Overpeck supports warm water forms.

111-277

Problem and Goal Assessment runoff from construction activities, urban
surfaces, storm and combined sewers, roads,
Point Source Assessment and by landfill leachate. These sources
have resulted in flooding, habitat destruc-
The Upper Hackensack River as monitored tion for biota, fish community degradation,
at River Vale and New Milford does not show reduced dissolved oxygen levels, excessive
severe water quality problems. However, in nutrients, and accelerated eutrophication.
the lower tidal sections of the river, ex- In the Lower Hackensack River the pres-
tremely high bacterial and nutrient levels ence of these sources continues and their
are present, as well as reduced dissolved impacts become even more severe. Habitat
oxygen, and thermal pollution. A large destruction becomes more intense in the
number of industrial and municipal lower river due to riparian vegetation re-
wastewater discharges are present in the moval and flow regulation efforts. There
lower watershed. Twenty-six dischargers in are also severe impacts from chemical
the watershed which are under enforce- spills, local landfills, hazardous waste dis-
ment action are having deleterious impacts posal sites, and inplace contaminants.
on stream water quality. Problems range
from raw sewage by-passes, to illegal dis- Designated Use and Goal Assessment
charges and not meeting permit limitations.
In addition, nonpoint pollution contribu- The Upper Hackensack River (above the
tions from urbanized and industrial areas, Oradell Reservoir) will achieve the fish
landfills and sediment oxygen demand are propagation and maintenance goal of the
also considered to be significant. Clean Water Act and the State's designated
use, but it is not of swimmable quality. In
Seven hazardous waste or Superfund sites the tidal Hackensack, both the fishable and
are found in the Hackensack watershed swimmable goals cannot be met. Based on
which are known or suspected to be con- the Hackensack Meadowland Development
taminating local surface waters. In addi- Commission's sampling of the tidal Hacken-
tion, extensive mercury contamination of sack and tributaries this region is not con-
Berry's Creek has occurred. Certain fish sidered to be meeting the designated uses
from the Lower Hackensack River have for SE-2 and SE-3 waters.
been identified to contain high PCBs and
chlordane concentrations. As a result, the Monitoring Station List
sale and consumption of striped bass and
blue crabs is prohibited. Large thermal dis- Map Number Station Name and
charges in this area also have water quality Classification
impacts on the tidal Hackensack River by
reducing the water's ability to hold dis- I Hackensack River at
solved oxygen. River Vale,
FW-2 Nontrout
Nonpoint Source Assessment
2 Hackensack River at
New Milford,
Water quality in the Hackensack River FW-2 Nontrout
above the Oradell River appears to primar-
ily be affected by nonpoint sources. Oradell
Reservoir is highly eutrophic and the
Hackensack Water Company occasionally
treats the reservoir to kill aquatic weed
growth. Nonpoint source pollutants include
those brought about by extensive ur-
ban/suburban development, and by the
land disposal of waste materials. The Upper
Hackensack is reported to be impacted by

111-278

HACKENSACK RIVER

NEW JERSEY STATE,.WATER-QUALITY
,. ,' ' INVENTORY REPORT

~....)~ -, ,

RES.

PASSAIC RIVER

X HUDSON
If ' O
RIVER

* ~~i'-M'+,,~ /

SCALE IN MILES
1/~~~~
.~~~~~~.41 :._

LEGEND
---.STATE B OUNDARY
STREAM
-- - COUNTY BOUNDARIES
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
* WATER SAMPLING STATIONS LOCATION OF BASIN

111-279

WATER-QUALI-TY-INDEX-FIQEIM Ii0-3 19WL

Hackensack River
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS

:OVERALL
STATION TEMP OXYGEN PH BACTERIAINUTRIENTS SOLIDS AMMONIA METALS AVERAGE AND:

Hackensack AVG
River At WQI 2 13 4 20 32 9 6 6 :23Good
River Vale ___ _ __ __ _ _ __ _: _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _
WORST3: July- August-: March- August-: July- Jan- July- Sept- 40 Fair
EMOHTHS Sept Oct May Oct Sept March Sept Nov Aug-Oct

Hackensack AVG
River at WQI 4 9 8 17 17 :9 I 17 15 Good
New Milford : __ : _ __ _ _ : _ _: _ _ _ ___ _ __ __ _
:WORST3: June- Nov- May- May- May- Jan- Nov- August-:22 Good
MONTHS: August Jan July July July March January Oct May-July

LEGP.UlIa - Hlate r~uaL~ndczcIl criPli~l o
WIQ Condition Description
0~ 0-10 Excellent 110 or minimal pollution; 61-50 Poor Pollution In high amounts:
water uses met throughout Water uses not met.
the year.

11-25 Good Generally low amounts of 81-100 Very Poor Pollution occurs at extremely
pollution; water ues high lr-il: ; -vee tres:,s to
periodically not met. stress Ilae: watcr uses not met.

26-60 Fair Pollution amounts vary from ID Insufficient Oats
modcra t oto high level";
certain water usea prohibited.

All Index of 20 La equlvalont to tie level of water quality criteria.

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: HACKENSACK RIVER
/ -
DISCHARGE NAME H0 NJPDES : RECEIVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:Hackensack Water-New Milford '0003310 'Hackensack River :Ordell Boro/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Amerada Hess Corp. :0001414 :Hackensack River :Bogota Boro/Dergen ' Ind/Comm
Hoke, Inc. :0003786 :Tenakill River :Cresskill Boro/Berge Ind/Comm
Texaco, Inc. (IASD) '0031194 :Hackensack River S. Hackensack/Bergen Ind/Comm
!Wood-Ridge SA :0021586 jBerrys Creek :Wood-Ridge Boro/Ber :Mun.
Diamond Shamrock Corp. :0002798 ,Berrys Creek :Carlstadt/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Randolph Prod. Co. :0028991 :Berrys Creek :Carlstadt/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Tech. Oil Prod.,Inc '0005754 'Berrys Creek :Carlstadt/Bergen ,Ind/Comm
:Arsynco. Inc :0030970 :Berrys Creek ICarlstadt/Bergen :Ind/Comm
Becton-Dickinson 0001074 ,Berrys Creek :E.Rutherford/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Matheson Gas Prod., Inc. Co '0002721 'Ackermans Creek :E.Rutherford/Dergen !Ind/Comm
'US Printing Ink Co :0003646 DBerrys Creek' E.Rutherford/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Joint Mfg. :0022756 :Berrys Creek :E.Rutherford/Bergen IMun
- NJ Sports & Expo Auth ,0023345 DBerrys Creek :E.Rutherford/Bergen :Mun/Storm
Howmedica, Inc. :0003468 DBerrys Creek Rutherford/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Penreco :0031607 Kingsland Creek LyndhurstTwp/Bergen Ind/Comm
:Sika Chem. Corp. 0002011 'Berrys Creek : Lyndhurst/Bergen Ind/Comm
:Benedict-Miller, Inc :0001031 :Hackensack River bLyndhurst/Bergen 'Ind/Comm
Secaucus Town STP :0025038 :Miller Creek Secaucus/Hudson Mun
N. Arlington-Lyndhurst Jt. Mg 0025291 :D.to Hackensack R. :N.Arlington/Bergen :Mun
:Amerada Hess-Little Ferry :0001406 'Hackensack River Little Ferry/Bergen 'Ind/Comm
:Teterboro Airport 0028941 ,Berrys Creek ;Teterboro/Bergen :Ind/Comm
PSE&G-Bergen Generating :0000621 Hackensack River Ridgefield Boro/Derg Ind/Comm
Bergen Co. Ut. Auth :0020028 'Hackensack River 'Little Ferry/Bergen :Ind/Comm
Metro Oil & Chem Corp :0031500 'Wolfs Creek Ridgefield/Bergen Ind/Comm
:Yoo-Hoo Bev. Co. :0003344 :Berrys Creek Carlstadt/Bergen :Ind/Comm
Tec Cast 0033405 Drainage Ditch Carlstadt/Bergen :Ind/Comm
:Grobet File Co of America '0029378 :Hackensack River Carlstadt/Bergen Thermal/Sto:
Colorite Plastics Co. :0000132 'Sweetkill Creek Carlstadt/Bergen Ind/Comm
!Transcontinental Gas Pipeline,0002101 Hackensack River 'Carlstadt/Bergen !Ind/Comm
Metal Improvement Com :0003719 'Drainage Ditch Jersey City/Hudson Ind/Comm
Howard Johnson Co :0028410 'Penhorn Creek Secaucus/Hudson Ind/Comm
Sears Roebuck & Co :0020508 Penhorn Creek N.Bergen/Hudson Ind/Comm
Diamond Shamrock Corp. :0002402 :Hackensack River !Jersey City/Hudson Ind/Comm
:US Postal Ser Kearny :0027758 :Dead Horse Creek Kearny/Hudson Mun
-----/-------------------------------------------------------------------

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: HACKENSACK RIVER

DISCHARGE NAME :s NJPDES RECIEVING WATERS MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

:PSE&G Kearny Generating :0000655 :Hackensack River Kearny/Hudson :Ind/Comm
Marzahl Chem Co :0000451 'Hackensack River ,Kearny/Hudson :Ind/Comm
Eastern of NJ, Inc :0031747 HIackensack River !Jersey City/Hudson 'Ind/Comm
:Kearny Town STP :0022161 :Hackensack River 'Kearny/Hudson :Ind/Comm
Degen Oil & Chem Co. :0030791 'Hackensack River !Jersey City/Hudson 'Mun
Secaucus MUA Harts MT. :0032921 IHackensack River ISecaucus/Hudson :Ind/Comm
Gilbert Ind Pk 10028584 :Hackensack River :Secaucus/Hudson :Ind/Comm
:Clipper Express Co.WWTP :0027251 :Penhorn Creek :Jersey City/Hudson :Ind/Comm
:PSE&G Hudson Generating Sta :0000647 'Hackensack River :Jersey City/Hudson :Ind
,Standard Chlorine Chem. Co. :0001856 :Hackensack River 'Kearny Town/Hudson :Ind/Comm
Spinnerin Yarn Co., Inc. :0002038 : East Riser Ditch 'S. Hackensack/Bergen Ind/Comm
:Bendix Corp. :0002097 :West Ditch Teterboro/Bergen Ind/Comm
General Auto. Spec. Co. :0030996 :Hackensack River 'Carlstadt Boro/Bergn'Thermal
:PSE&G :0000574 ,Hackensack River 'Jersey City/Hudson :Ind/Comm
:Kleer Kast Inc. :0031313 !Hackensack River :Kearny Town/Hudson ,Ind/Comm
Owens-Corning Fiberglass 0035025 Hackensack River Hudson County :Thermal
'Amerada Hess Corp. :0001368 'Hackensack River :Secaucus/Hudson :Industrial
Columbia Terminal Inc. :0025631 :Hackensack River ,South Kearny :Industrial
Meadowview Hospital :0023566 :Hackensack River :Secaucus/Hudson Municipal
Carlee Corporation 10050113 'Sparkill Brook I Thermal
Inversand Company Sewell :0004146 :Berrys Creek :Carlstadt/Bergen 'Thermal
Cosan Chemical Corp :0032522 :Berrys Creek :Carlstadt/Bergen Industrial
:Spear Packing Corp :0032590 :Hackensack River :Carlstadt/Bergen IThermal
:Alfa Inc & Chemical Corp :0050300 !Moonachie Creek :Carlstadt/Bergen :Thermal
lWeyerhauser Company :0032620 :Oradell Res : Closter/Bergen Industrial
:Chemed Corp- Dubois Div :0035769 :Hackensack River :East Rutherford/Ber Industrial
:Hackensack City :0030805 :Hackensack River :Hackensack/Bergen WMunicipal
:Classified Inc :0032603 :Hackensack River :Hackensack/Bergen :Ind/Oil/Wse
Polycast Technology :0034819 :West Rider : Hackensack/Bergen : Thermal
Atlas Plastics :0052736 :Hackensack River :Little Ferry/Bergen ,Thermal
:Standard Tool & Mfg Co :0035131 'Hackensack River Lyndhurst/Bergen :Municipal
:Hackensack Meadowlands :0053082 Hackensack River !Lyndhurst/Bergen ,Municipal

N.J.P.D.E.S. DISCHARGE INVENTORY WATERSHED: HACKENSACK RIVER
/ \
DISCHARGE NAME I: NJPDES I RECIEVING WATERS : MUNICIPALITY/COUNTY: TYPE

lHaward Corp :0023868 Saw Mill Creek 'North Arlington/Ber :Ind/Thermal'
'Golding Mfg Inc :0028355 'Hackensack River :North Arlington/Ber :Ind
'Hackensack Meadowlands '0033448 ISawmill Creek 'North Arlington/Ber :Ind/Munic
'Rose Holand Ouse Inc :0003808 !Skeet Hill Creek IRidgefield Park/Ber :Thermal
Stranahan Foil 10033375 :Berrys Creek : South Hackensack/Ber Thermal
;Takasago Corp USA 0033669 'Hackensack River 'Teterboro/Bergen ;SW/Thermal
Exxon Company USA [0055719 Lower Hackensack Teterboro/Bergen Ind
'Teledyne Isotopes ,0061808 Lower Hackensack 'Westwood/Bergen ;Ind
Rail Equipment Maintenance '0031992 ,Hackensack River :Kearney/Bergen ;Ind

-- I n
I.

-/
, . .

38. Shellfish Resources and The distribution of the shellfish resources
can best be described by dividing the State
Harvesting Area Classifications, into three basic regions consisting of the
1984- 1987, Atlantic Coast estuaries, Delaware Bay, and
and Estuarine Water Quality the Atlantic Ocean.

Introduction Atlantic Coast Estuaries

New Jersey's shellfish resources support an The hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, is
important commercial and recreational the most widely distributed species being
fishery. The 1984 commercial landings of present in abundant quantities in virtually
shellfish (hard clams, soft clams, surf clams, every estuary from Raritan Bay to Cape
ocean quahogs, oysters, mussels and sea May. The expansive distribution and high
scallops) in New Jersey had a dockside value consumptive appeal of this species provides
in excess of $46.1 million. The recreational excellent commercial and recreational op-
fishery in New Jersey concentrates pri- portunities.
marily on the harvest of hard clams. Al-
though annual data on recreational land- The soft clam, Mya arenaria, is also found
ings is not available, a survey conducted by throughout the Atlantic Coast estuaries but
the Division of Fish, Game & Wildlife in 1980 the distribution of commercially important
indicates that the recreational landings of beds is limited. Although commercial pop-
hard clams comprise approximately one- ulations of soft clams may occur occasion-
third of the total hard clam harvest. ally in any estuary, areas supporting a reg-
ular fishery are confined to the Navesink
The Bureau of Marine Water Classification and Shrewsbury Rivers and sections of
and Analysis (BMWC&A), Division of Water Sandy Hook Bay.
Resources, NJ DEP, monitors the sanitary
quality of estuarine and ocean waters for Oyster beds within the Atlantic Coast estu-
the suitability of shellfish harvesting. aries have been significantly reduced from
Their criteria for determining shellfish historic levels and are now only present in
growing water status is based on the pres- commercial densities in the Mullica and
ence of real or potential sources of con- Great Egg Harbor River systems. Commer-
tamination from both point and non point cial harvest from these areas represent at
discharges. The above are determined most, five percent of the total oyster land-
through actual measurements of coliform ings for New Jersey.
concentrations in the water column, hydro-
graphic (tracing), and shoreline surveys. The mussel, Mytilus edulis, is found in the
estuaries as well as offshore. Although they
The Bureau of Shellfisheries (Division of may be extremely abundant at certain times
Fish, Game & Wildlife) is responsible for is- they represent a relatively low percentage
suance of licenses for the various shellfish of the shellfish landed in New Jersey.
harvested. In 1987 approximately 15,000
clamming (hard and soft clams) licenses Delaware Bay
were issued of which 2,000 were commer-
cial. An additional 1,000 permanent recre- Today the oyster, Crassotrea virginica, is
ational senior citizen licenses were also is- most abundant in Delaware Bay which ac-
sued. Also during 1987, because of the sub- counts for at least 95 percent of New Jer-
stantial reduction in the state's oyster pop- sey's annual oyster landings. The oyster
ulations due to MSX disease, the Bureau is- fishery in Delaware Bay is almost exclu-
sued only 50 oyster tonger licenses. sively a commercial operation. Although
hard and soft clams occur in Delaware Bay
The State's shellfish resources are spread there are no known areas of abundance and
throughout its coastal and estuarine waters.

111-284

no commercial fishery for either of these ration for an additional two months. The
species currently exists. most noteable changes for 1987 were the
downgrading of 3,740 acres of the Atlantic
Atlantic Ocean Ocean in the North Coastal Basin from ap-
proval to prohibited, and the upgrading of
The surf clam, Spisula solidissima, ocean roughly the same acreage in the South
quahog, Arctica islandica, and the sea scal- Coastal Basin Ocean area from prohibited to
lop, Placopecten magellanicus, are all approved.
oceanic species and are harvested off New
Jersey's coast. Harvesting of all species is Classification totals for the ocean waters
predominantly a commercial enterprise have fluctuated in recent years. Large
although some bait amd recreational har- numbers of acres are initially closed when
vesting of surf clams along the beaches each regional ocean discharge goes on line.
does occur. After assessment of observed water quality,
operational efficiency and reporting relia-
Ocean quahogs and sea scallops do not occur bility some refinement (reduction) of the
within New Jersey's territorial sea (within Condemned classifications may occur.
three miles of the beach) but considerable
quantities are landed by both New Jersey The BMWC&A has classified coastal waters
and other vessels at New Jersey ports. Surf into five categories of shellfish harvesting
clams are found both in New Jersey and fed- areas. These categories are as follows:
eral waters and support a significant fish-
ery. Currently the bulk of the New Jersey 1) Approved - Waters meeting the
inshore (within three miles) resource is lo- sanitary standards for approved shellfish
cated between the Shark River Inlet and the harvesting as recommended by the National
Great Egg Harbor Inlet. Shellfish Sanitation Program. Waters not
classified as Condemned, Special Restricted,
The BMWC&A annually assigns harvest clas- or Seasonal shall be considered Approved
sifications to the State's shellfish growing for the harvest of shellfish.
waters. From January 1971 through Jan-
uary 1979, 18,660 estuarine acres were re- 2) Seasonal- Waters which are Con-
classified from approved to a more restric- demned and opened for the harvest of oys-
tive classification. Approximately 25 per- ters, clams and mussels each year but open
cent of these areas were reclassified Con- by operation of regulations according to the
demned. The general decline in classifica- schedule of 7:12-1.4: seasonal areas Ap-
tion was attributed to increased recreational proved November I through April 30, Con-
and development pressure in coastal areas demned May 1 through October 31; and 1.5:
and the declining effectiveness of older Seasonal areas Approved January 1 through
municipal wastewater treatment plants. In April 30, Condemned May 1 through Decem-
1980 a net gain of over 5,000 acres upgraded ber 31 yearly.
was recorded. During 1981 an additional net
gain of approximately 2,500 acreas was es- 3) Seasonal Special Restricted -
tablished. The 1982 reclassifications re- Waters Condemned for the harvest of oys-
sulted in a net loss of slightly over 200 ters, clams and mussels. However, harvest-
acres. The net gain for 1983 was approxi- ing for further processing may be done un-
mately 6,700. A net loss of approximately der special permit from the State Depart-
8,484 acres in 1984 was a direct result of the ment of Environmental Protection between
seasonal disinfection policy in the Raritan May 1 and September 30th yearly.
Bay complex and its effect on water quality
during the winter. A net increase of 255 4) Special Restricted Area - Waters
acres was shown for 1985. The 1986 regula- Condemned for the harvest of oysters, clams
tions were changed to expand the availabil- and mussels. However, harvesting for fur-
ity of 13,000 acres in Raritan Bay for depu- ther processing may be done under special

111-285

permit from the State Department of Envi- Absecon Bay and Scull Bay plus the vast
ronmental Protection. complex of interwinding waterways. The
program has been subsequently expanded to
5) Condemned -Water not meeting include portions of Raritan and Sandy Hook
the established sanitary standards as rec- Bays, the Navesink, Shrewsbury, Man-
ommended by the National Shellfish Sanita- asquan and Shark Rivers and certain areas
tion Program of the Federal Food and Drug in Cape May County. The waters in these lo-
Administration. Applications for removal of calities are classified as Special Restricted or
shellfish to be used for human consumption Condemned. Hard clams taken from these
from areas classified as Condemned will be waters are relayed to beds in Great Bay or,
considered for resource recovery programs in some instances, to lots in Little Egg Har-
promulgated by the Department of Envi- bor and Barnegat Bay.
ronmental Protection.
An individual must comply with two re-
The Department is responsible for delin- quirements in order to participate in the
eating the distribution of the shellfish re- relay program: (1) A harvester must possess
sources and implementing various man- a valid commercial clamming license and,
agement programs to provide for the best (2) a valid Relay Permit.
utilization of these resources. Some of the
management programs that exist today such The program is under the supervision of the
as relay and depuration are jointly managed New Jersey BMWC&A and Bureau of Shell-
by the Bureau of Shellfisheries and Bureau fisheries. Day to day patrol is provided by
of Marine Law Enforcement (Division of the Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife, Bu-
Fish, Game and Wildlife), BMWC&A and De- reau of Law Enforcement. All clams har-
partment of Health. vested on any one day by clammers in-
volved in the program are bagged, tagged
Relay Program and transported under secured conditions to
the Approved growing ar'eas. Transporta-
The ability of shellfish to purify themselves tion of clams by secured means insures the
of bacterial contamination when relayed to public that none of the clams will be mar-
clean water was discovered early in the keted before being relayed. After arriving
1900's. New Jersey's Department of Envi- at the Approved growing waters, the clams
ronmental Protection presently operates a are deposited on the privately leased plots
program which relays shellfish from its by the clammers. The Bureau of Law En-
Special Restricted Seasonal, Special Re- forcement patrols the area until the clam-
stricted and Condemned growing areas into mers are notified that the clams are safe to
Approved growing areas for a minimum of harvest and market. The BMWC&A and the
thirty days. This enables shellfish to Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife monitor
cleanse themselves of contaminating bacte- the relay waters to insure proper water
ria and/or viruses. Following the purifica- conditions are being met and thus verify
tion period, a sample of clams are analyzed the physiological requirements of the clams
for bacterial quality prior to being released are such to permit pumping/purging to oc-
for harvesting and marketing. The cur. Clams relayed during the winter are
cleansed shellfish now become a part of the required to stay in the relay beds until early
economy and by reducing the resource in spring because it is known that lower water
condemned/restricted waters help to de- temperatures (minimum 50 degrees F) in-
prive illegal clammers operations of a hibits the rate of cleansing action
source of shellfish, thus protecting con- (purging) by the shellfish.
sumer health.
The relay program is now centered in
The Relay Program was initially begun Monmouth County. The Navesink and
during the early 1970's in the vicinity of Shrewsbury Rivers have been the mainstay
Atlantic City. This area includes Lakes Bay, of the clammers for several years now.
Portions of Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays

111-286

and the Manasquan and Shark Rivers are meet the ever changing needs of both the
also being used. state (from the enforcement standpoint)
and the industry (from the harvesting as-
Depuration Program pect) are necessary. New regulations (1986)
are designed to address these concerns.
The State of New Jersey has licensed three
plants for the depuration of soft shelled Status of New Jersey's
clams. This program, like the relay pro- Shellfish Growing Waters
gram, relys on the natural ability of shell-
fish to purge themselves of bacterial con- New Jersey has been divided into four major
tamination when placed in a clean envi- basins which are subject to shellfish
ronment. The program involves harvesting growing water classification regulations.
soft shelled clams, under provision of a spe- These include the Raritan River Basin, the
cial permit issued by the BMWC&A, from ar- New Jersey North Coastal Basin, the New
eas classified as Special Restricted and re- Jersey South Coastal Basin and the Delaware
quires a 48 hour depuration period. At the River Basin Commission Zones 5 and 6. The
depuration plant, the shellfish are placed in classification of shellfish growing waters
a water environment closely controlled to are found in NJDEP (1987c)
provide optimal conditions for efficient pu-
rification. Salinity and water temperatures Raritan River Basin
are controlled to maintain maximum
pumping/purging rates in the shellfish. Only a small portion of the Raritan River it-
The recirculated water in the depuration self need be examined, as most of the upper
tanks is also disinfected with ultraviolet basin consists of freshwater habitats. Prime
light to maintain high bacterial quality. consideration here is given to Raritan Bay,
Following the depuration process, labora- Lower New York Bay, Sandy Hook Bay,
tory analyses are performed to verify that Navesink River, Shrewsbury River and
the shellfish meet market standards. The their tributaries. There are no waters in
depurated shellfish are then released for this basin classified Approved. Thirty-five
marketing. percent of the available acreage is classified
Special Restricted or Seasonal Special Re-
New Jersey's three depuration plants are lo- stricted. Based on data collected during the
cated in Highlands, Monmouth County, the period of disinfection and non-disinfection
center of the soft clam resource. Primary a new classification (Seasonal Special Re-
harvest sites are the Navesink and Shrews- stricted) was developed that allows the har-
bury Rivers. Specially designated boats are vest of shellfish for depuration during cer-
used for harvesting under the direction of tain periods of the year. The eastern por-
the Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife tion of Raritan Bay, Sandy Hook Bay and the
(Bureau of Law Enforcement). At the end of Navesink and Shrewsbury Rivers are the
the daily harvest activities, shellfish are only areas in this basin that are utilized in
loaded aboard a "mother craft" for trans- the Special Permit Programs (Relay and
portation to the depuration plant. All as- Depuration).
pects of harvesting and transportation of
these shellfish are closely monitored by the Reclassifications in the Raritan River
Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife (Bureau Basin since 1982 include:
of Law Enforcement) to insure complete
compliance with program procedures. June 1984
Raritan Bay: Approximately 13,000 acres down-
A hard clam depuration plant began a pilot graded from Special Restricted to Seasonal Special
operation in July 1984. This operation is for Restricted.
all intents and purposes, almost identical to
the soft clam depuration program. How- Shrewsbury River: Approximately 680 acres
ever, updated regulations at this time to downgraded from Special Restricted to Condemned.

111-287

June 1985 nated use for SE-1 waters based upon crite-
Shrewsbury River: Approximately 80 acres down- ria established by the BMWC&A, Division of
graded from Special Restricted to Condemned. Water Resources, NJDEP.

May 1986 New Jersey North Coastal Basin
Atlantic Highlands Marina: 92 acres Special Re-
stricted to Condemned. This basin consists of a large portion of the
Atlantic Ocean coastal environment in New
Raritan Bay: 13,000 acres, Seasonal Special Re- Jersey. Most of the acreage classified in this
stricted expanded dates available for depuration basin is in Barnegat Bay. Barnegat Bay
harvest. comprises the largest percentage of the to-
tal acreage available for shellfish harvest-
ing in this basin. The remainder of the
Raritan River Basin - basin is made of a number of somewhat
Nonpoint Source Assessment smaller bays, rivers, creeks and their trib-
utaries. These include Shark River, Man-
This region has been severely impacted asquan River, Metedeconk River, Toms
principally from non-point source pollu- River, Forked River, Oyster Creek, Mana-
tion produced as a consequence of agricul- hawkin Bay, Little Egg Harbor, Cedar Run,
tural activities, urban/suburban develop- Westecunk Creek, Tuckerton Creek, Big Tho-
ment, local industry, waste storage, and land rofare and Big Creek.
based waste disposal. Point sources also im-
pact waters in the region. These combined Fully open shellfish harvesting acreage
sources have contributed to silt and nutri- constitutes 70-75 percent as of 1988 of the
ent loads, high bacterial levels, and chemi- total available acreage in this basin. These
cal pollution in the bays. Agricultural non- areas are generally located in Barnegat Bay
point pollution largely comes from run-off and Little Egg Harbor. This leaves 10-15 per-
from cropland, feedlots, and animal holding cent (1988) of the total available acreage
areas. The stockpiling of horse manure Condemned, and 10-15 percent (1988) classi-
both on farms and at race tracks is a sig- fled as Seasonally Approved. Under the
nificant source of bacterial pollution in this Shellfish Relay Program, clams are removed
region. Active suburban development from Condemned waters in the Manasquan
within the watersheds draining into the and Shark Rivers and deposited in specified
Raritan River basin have brought about in- Approved waters in Barnegat Bay, Little Egg
creasing levels of run-off from construc- Harbor Bay in Tuckerton Cove, or Great Bay
tion sites, urban surfaces, roads, and septic for purification.
tanks; and it is the urban surface run-off
and septic tanks which are suspected of Reclassification on the North Coastal Basin
being one of the important contributors to since 1985 include:
excess levels of bacteria in the shellfish
beds. Several landfills and hazardous waste June 1985
sites, as well as petroleum processing sites, Barnegat Bay (Applegate Cove): approximately 100
are all known to be sources of chemical acres downgraded from Approved to Condemned
pollution in Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays.
Aside from human activity, natural sources May 1986
such as waterfowl are cited as having a sig- Barnegat Bay (Potter Creek to Laurel Harbor) ap-
nificant contribution to high bacterial lev- proximately 140 acres Seasonal to Approved and
els here and throughout the State's bays and and 33 acres Condemned to Approved.
estuaries.
Manahawkin Bay: 180 acres Approved to Seasonal.
Designated Use And Goal Assessment
Little Egg Harbor: 160 acres Approved to Seasonal.
All of the Raritan River Basin fails to meet
the shellfish harvesting goal and desig-

111-288

July 1987 Designated Use And Goal Assessment
Shark River: Prohibited to Special Restricted :1180
acres Based upon criteria established by the
BMWC&A, Division of Water Resources,
Barnegat Bay: north (off Swan Point) Seasonal to NJDEP; 63 percent of the shellfish waters in
Special Restricted: 290 acres the North Coastal Basin fully meet fishable
goals and designated use for shellfish har-
Barnegat Bay(Barnegat Inlet Area): Approved to vesting, 13 percent meet partial use, and 24
Special Restricted: 200 acres percent fail to meet desingated use and
clean water goal for shellfish harvesting.
North Coastal Basin -
Nonpoint Source Assessment New Jersey South Coastal Basin

The bays north of Barnegat Bay, specifically The New Jersey South Coastal Basin, com-
those fed by the Shark, Manasquan, and bined with the New Jersey North Coastal
Metedeconk Rivers are believed to be im- Basin, make up more than 90 percent of the
pacted by both urban/suburban and agri- Atlantic Ocean coastal zone drainage basin
cultural non-point source pollution. It is in New Jersey. In comparison with the
urban run-off from stormsewers (urban three other basins (Raritan River, New Jer-
surfaces) coupled with natural pollution sey North Coastal Basin and Delaware River
from waterfowl which have been singled Zones 5 and 6)) which support shellfish
out as important contributors to high col- harvesting, this basin is the most produc-
iform levels in bay waters. This in turn' has tive as far as hard clams are concerned.
led to losses of shellfish harvesting waters,
as well as beach closings. Siltation is re- The New Jersey South Coastal Basin includes
ported to be coming from construction ac- Great Bay, Mullica River, Reed Bay, Absecon
tivities occuring within the watersheds. Bay, Lakes Bay, Great Egg Harbor, Great Egg
Agricultural sources of pollution include Harbor River, Ludlam Bay, Great Sound,
run-off from crop production, pasture Jenkins Sound, Grassey Sound, Richardson
lands, feedlots and animal holding areas. Sound and Cape May Harbor. Reclassifica-
tions which have taken place in this basin
Throughout Barnegat Bay septic tanks, wa- since 1984 include:
terfowl, and urban surfaces feeding into
stormsewers are assessed as the principal 19 8 4
contributors to the excess bacterial levels Reed Bay: 119 acres Condemned to Approved
which are found in many regions of the
bay. In Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor, Ocean City-Somers Point: 3,033 acres Seasonal
impacts from agriculture appear to be lim- to Approved
ited to tree harvesting activities. Siltation is
suspected to be elevated by construction ac- Sea Isle-Avalon Area: 658 acres Approved to
tivities and by stream bank destablization. Condemned
In the areas of Forked River and Oyster
Creek, local habitat destruction has been 19 8 5
reported caused by channelization, dam Reed Bay: 119 acres Condemned to Approved
construction, and efforts to regulate river
flow. Also in Barnegat Bay are reports of 19 8 6
pollution from landfills in Kettle Creek, as Brigantine: 107 acres Condemned to Seasonal
well as inplace contaminants and industrial
point sources located near Forked River and Great Egg Harbor River:92 acres Condemned to
Oyster Creek. Seasonal

Townsend and Stites Sound 442 acres Condemned
to Approved

111-289

1987 Cedar Creek area and the Nantuxent Creek
Great Bay (Cape Horn Area): Approved to Special area. Of the total acreage available for
Restriced 23 acres shellfish harvesting, 80 percent is classified
Approved, and roughly 20 percent is either
Atlantic City (Black Hole Area): Prohibited to Condened or Seasonally approved in 1987.
Seasonal 10 acres
Delaware Bay is the major oyster producing
Atlantic Ocean (Avalon Area): Approved to area of the State. Although the bay and its
Prohibited 3740 acres tributaries still produce approximately 98
percent of the oysters harvested, their
Townsend Sound and Mill Thorofare: Prohibited to numbers have been severely reduced due to
Seasonal 245 acres MSX (Minchinia nelsoni disease and the
presence of the oyster drill Urosalpinx
South Coastal Basin - cinerea and Euplaura candata). Most oysters
Nonpoint Source Assessment which are harvested in New Jersey origi-
nate in Delaware Bay seed beds and are
Bays and estuaries in the South Coastal Basin transplanted to the leased grounds for
are suspected of receiving excess silt and growing and harvesting. Roughly 28,000
coliform bacteria primarily from urban acres in the Bay are leased for planting
sources such as construction activities, ur- oyster seeds.
ban surface run-off and septic tanks. Addi-
tional bacterial imputs are believed to be Delaware River Basin -
from the extensive waterfowl population Nonpoint Source Assessment
present through out the bays in this Basin.
Additional pollution is suspected from boat Non-point pollution comes largely from
docking facilities which are present along septic systems and waterfowl populations.
the shorelines of Brigantine, Great Egg Waterfowl are suspected of being a major
Harbor, Lakes Bay, and the Cape May At- pollution source contributing to shellfish
lantic tributanies. One point sources in this contamination. However, this source is be-
region, a municipal waste water treatment lieve restricted to the shellfish beds located
plant located in Mays Landing, is reported to within small bay tributarys and along the
be impacting Great Egg Harbor. New Jersey shoreline. The Delaware River
Basin is receiving pollution from municipal
Designated Use And Goal Assessment sewage treatment plants, many of which are
being or soon will be put out of service,
Based upon criteria established by the hence their impact to shellfish waters are
BMWC&A, Division of Water Resources, assessed as being transient.
NJDEP; 61 percent of the shellfish waters in
the South Coastal Basin fully meet desig- Designated Use And Goal Assessment
nated use and fishable goals for shellfish
harvesting, 12 percent meet partial use, and Based upon criteria established by the
27 percent fail to meet this designated use. NJDEP; 78 percent of the shellfish waters in
the Delaware River Basin fully meet desig-
Delaware River Basin - Zones 5 and 6 nated use and clean water goals for shell-
fish harvesting while some 22 percent fail
Delaware Bay contains 97 percent of the to- to meet this use and goal.
tal classified acreage in the basin and is the
only area in the basin that contains waters Atlantic Ocean
classified as Approved for shellfish har-
vesting. The remaining areas are classified None of the basins previously discussed in-
either Condemned or Seasonally Approved. cluded figures on the Atlantic Ocean. There
In the past, problem areas have included are 280,708 acres of marine waters which
the Maurice River and Cove area, the Co- are regulated by the BMWC&A. Of this total
hansey River area, the Back Creek area, the

111-290

area 72 percent of the waters are classified ficulty involved when attempting to discuss
as Approved while the remainder is classi- past and future harvest trends. The overall
fied as Condemned (1986 data). The reclassi- general trend has been an increase in total
fications in the Atlantic Ocean since 1984 pounds harvested.
are as follows:
While the BMWC&A is encouraged by recent
1984 gains in classification, there is concern for
Atlantic City area: 3,170 acres Condemned to the immediate future. The change in the
Approved economy has created extensive building
pressure for commerial, residential and in-
1985 dustrial facilities in coastal communities.
Atlantic City area: 700 acres Condemned to The major concern regarding this con-
Approved and 130 acres Approved to Con- struction is degraded stormwater runoff as-
demned sociated with developed areas. Water quality
gains realized through regionalization of
Wildwoods 670 acres: Condemned to wastewater treatment could be negated
Approved and 315 acres Approved to Con- through extensive new construction and its
demned associated runoff. It is noted that the estu-
arine waters of the coastal areas which are
1986 jeopardized by this development, are among
Wildwoods 62: acres Condemned to Approved the most productive in the State. Stormwa-
and 1,190 acres Approved to Condemned ter controls are being required in many of
the developments now under construction
1987 through the issuance of Coastal Area Facili-
ties Review Act (CAFRA) permits. In addi-
July 1987 tion, the largest projects are also imple-
Atlantic Ocean (Bay Head Area): Prohibited menting water quality sampling programs
to Approved 460 acres to determine whether water quality degra-
dation is resulting from their development.
Atlantic Ocean: Prohibited to Approved 3350
acres A coordinated management approach is a
requirement if New Jersey's shellfish re-
Summary of Shellfish source is to be maintained as a national in-
Waters and Resources dustry. Besides overall water quality im-
provements in New Jersey's coastal waters,
It is important to be cautious when exam- there is a need for protection of shellfish
ining shellfish harvesting data for the past habitats (bay and estuary bottoms), contin-
14 years as seen in Table 111-19: Yearly N.J. ued protection of significant clam and oys-
Shellfish Catches. These figures represent ter seed beds, monitoring of annual harvest
the total amount of shellfish (clams, oysters, amounts and shellfish growing rates, and
mussels and scallops) produced/processed in sampling of shellfish tissue for chemical
New Jersey and not necessarily the total and metals contamination. Depuration and
amount harvested from New Jersey's terri- relay programs will also undoubtedly play a
torial waters. Three major factors that can- greater role in the harvesting of New Jer-
not be evaluated, but nevertheless affect sey's shellfish resource in the future.
these statistics must be considered: 1)
catches from non-state harvest areas are
included in these figures; 2) out-of-state
fishermen use New Jersey's harvest areas
and take their catches to other states for
processing; and 3) hellfish harvested by
sports fishermen. When these three factors
are considered, one can readily see the dif-

111-291

TABLE EH-19 YEARLY NEW JERSEY SHELLFISH CATCHES

YEAR CATCH (IN POUNDS)

1972 25,303,811
1973 24,896,494
1974 25,501,852
1975 38,325,940
1976 31,519,713
1977 39,302,494
1978 34,925,000
1979 45,281,000
1980 37,616,000
1981 44,961,664
1982 50,377,267
1983 50,510,727
1984 65,662,700
1987 65,274,800

TABLE III-20. COMPARISON OF 1979 AND 1984 CATCHES AND MONETARY VALUES.

VALUE
SPECIES CATCH LBS. DOLLARS CATCH LBS. VALUE

1984 1987

Hard clam 1,601,200 4,865,798 1,539,800 5,862,558

Soft clam 186,900 266,451 5,200,700 116,009

Oyster 788,800 2,098,984 14,700 62,064

Surf clam 39,191,300 19,428,949 35,821,200 16,564,955

Quahog 21,469,300 6,438,737 24,394,900 6,929,495
(Ocean)

Scallops 2,419,200 12,991,176 3,451,500 13,484,683
(Ocean)

TOTALS 65,662,700 46,090,095 65,274,800 43,019,7 6 4

111-292

39.

DELAWARE RIVER

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT

1986-87 305(b) Report

Delaware River Basin Commission
West Trenton, New Jersey

March 1988

111-293

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Delaware River Water Quality Assessment
1986-87 305(b) Report

Delaware River and Bay comprise part of the boundary of four states:
Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. From Hancock, New York to
the mouth of the Delaware Bay the Delaware River flows 330 miles, draining 0.4
percent of the U.S. land area. Almost 10 percent of the nation's population
rely on the waters of the Delaware River Basin for potable and industrial
water.

The non-tidal Delaware extending from Hancock, New York to Trenton, New Jersey
is one of the Nation's premier recreational rivers. Thirty-nine percent of
the non-tidal Delaware has been included in the National Wild and Scenic
Rivers System and over one-half million visitors use the non-tidal river for
fishing, boating, canoeing and swimming each year.

The Delaware Estuary extending from Trenton, New Jersey to Liston Point,
Delaware flows through the Nation's fifth largest urban area: the
Philadelphia-Camden metropolitan area. Including Trenton, New Jersey and
Wilmington, Delaware, this area is one of the world's greatest concentrations
of heavy industry, the second largest U.S. oil refining-petrochemical center
and the world's largest freshwater port. Historically this section of the
Delaware has also been one of the nation's most grossly polluted rivers.
Water quality in 1986-87, however, reflects substantial water quality
improvements as the result of water pollution control efforts extending back
40 years.

The 782 square mile Delaware Bay is 48 miles long and from 4 to 20 miles wide.
The Bay is biologically productive and the home of commercially important fin
and shell fish. Recreation and navigation are important as well.

Summary of Conditions

The water quality of the Delaware River, the Delaware Bay and the interstate
portion of the West Branch Delaware River was assessed for the 1986-87 period.
From the total river miles assessed (339 miles), it appears that:

o 49% had excellent water quality
o 32% had good water quality
o 7% had good to fair water quality
o 3% had fair water quality
o 5% had fair to poor water quality
o 4% had poor water quality
o 88% met the federal fishable goal
o 89% met the federal swimmable goal
o 11% did not support designated uses
o 9% were severely impaired by point sources
o 9% were severely impaired by non-point sources
o 13% had known or potential problem toxics

111-294

The following table presents a reach by rtacd a�es�ifiefiE of water quality.
The terms excellent, good, fair and poor refer to the degree of standards
violation (areal extent and frequency) plus the amount of effluent disposed in
the zone.

Reach by Reach Assessment

General Meets Meets Supports
No. of Water Swimmable Fishable Designated
River Reach States Miles Quality Goal Goal Uses

West Branch Delaware NY,PA 9 Good yes yes yes

Zone 1: Hancock to
Port Jervis NY,PA 74 Excellent yes yes yes

Zone 1: Port Jervis to
Delaware Water Gap PA,NJ 46 Excellent yes yes yes

Zone 1: Delaware Water
Gap to Trenton PA,NJ 77 Good yes(65 mi) yes yes(65 mi)
no(12 mi) no(12 mi)

Zone 2: Trenton to PA,NJ 25 Good to yes yes yes
Northeast Philadelphia Fair

Zone 3: Philadelphia-
Camden Area PA, NJ 13 Poor no no no

Zone 4: Schuylkill R. PA, NJ 16 Poor to yes(5 mi) no yes(5 mi)
to Marcus Hook, PA Fair no(11 mi) no(11 mi)

Upper Zone 5: Marcus
Hook to New Castle, DE NJ,DE 11 Fair yes no yes

Lower Zone 5: New
Castle to Delaware Bay NJ,DE 20 Good yes yes yes

Zone 6: Delaware Bay NJ,DE 48 Good yes yes yes

Water pollution control in the Delaware River is the joint responsibility of
the federal government, the four Delaware River Basin states and the Delaware
River Basin Commission. The Commission conducts monitoring, regulatory and
other water quality management programs as part of its basinwide responsibil-
ities.

During 1986 and 1987, the DRBC conducted a use attainability study of the
Delaware Estuary which included special studies of sediment oxygen demand,
toxics, fish health, combined sewers, bacterial quality and others. Final
recommendations, directed at the attainment of the federal fishable and
swimmable water quality goals in the Delaware Estuary are expected in Spring,
1988. The 1986-87 305(b) report reflects the data gathered as part of the use
attainability study. Conducted in 1987 'as well were special studies in the
non-tidal river including sediment toxics. New efforts of the commission
include seasonal disinfection studies, a scenic rivers water quality planning
effort, an interstate toxics program and others.
111-295

Interstate West Branch '. Upstream boundary of Zone 1

, Narrowsburg

ownstreanm boundary of Zone I
Mp LoU DelawatheDre Water Gapon
Wamington st ream boundary of Zone 4

t (4 p ,~ownstream boundary of Zone 1

�i
pstrea boundary of Zone 6 '

Showing Water Quality Zones 6

40. STATUS REPORT ON NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY INTERSTATE WATERS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Interstate Sanitation District waters have generally showed some improve-
ment during the past several years with regard to dissolved oxygen and
coliformn levels. District waters meet dissolved oxygen requirements during
the winter; however, in some locations, dissolved oxygen values in the
summer drop below standards. Some waters are high in heavy metals and oil
and grease.

In 1986, the ISC and the States of New York and New Jersey upgraded a
portion of the Hudson River (from the confluence with the Harlem River
north to the New York/New Jersey border) to swimmable/fishable.

The Interstate Sanitation District encompasses 797 square miles of water in
the Greater New Jersey Metropolitan Area and includes portions of the
States of New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut. New Jersey surface waters
located within the New Jersey-New York Metropolitan Area form part of the
jurisdiction of the Interstate Sanitation Commission.

The Commission's programs for the improvement of these waters, in coopera-
tion with the states, include the following:

(1) to open waters for swimming;
(2) to open waters for shellfishing;
(3) to ensure Compliance with ISC Water Quality Regulations by an
active enforcement program;
(4) to establish and attain minimum dissolved oxygen requirements for
all surface waters;
(5) to establish necessary pollutant levels for discharges into
District waters;
(6) to monitor surface waters by analysis for samples obtained from
regularly scheduled and intensive surveys;
(7) to do sampling and analysis of municipal and industrial dis-
chargers to determine whether Compact requirements are being met;
(8) to perform effluent sampling to assist the states and the U.S.
EPA in determining permittee compliance with NPDES/SPDES permit
limitation;
(9) to supply water-quality data to STORET, the U.S. EPA data storage
and retrieval system, and to the state and federal agencies;
(10) to assist the states in conducting Use Attainability Analyses.

111-297

Summary of Classified Uses

New Jersey Portion of the Interstate Sanitation District

Total Size Classified
Classified Use For Use
Estuaries (1) (sq. mi)

ISC Class A Waters (2) 54

ISC Class B-1 Waters (3) 9

ISC Class B-2 Waters (4) 9

(1) All waters in the Interstate Sanitation District are
considered estuarine.
(2) Denotes primary contact recreation, shellfish culture and
development of fish life.
(3) Denotes secondary contact recreation and fishing.
(4) Denotes fish passage and maintenance.

Water Quality Summary

DESIGNATED USE SUPPORT

Type of Waterbody: ESTUARINE (1)

Assessment Basis
Degree of Total
Use Support Evaluated Monitored Assessed
(Sq. Mi.) (Sq. Mi.) (Sq. Mi.)

Size fully supporting 0

Size partially supporting 54 54

Size not supporting 18 18

TOTAL 72 72

ATTAINMENT OF CWA GOALS

Type of Waterbody: ESTUARINE (1)

Goal Attainment Fishable Goal Swimmable Goal
(Sq. Mi.) (Sq. Mi.)

Size meeting 0 0

Size not meeting 54 54

Size not attainable 18 18

1. All waters in the Interstate Sanitation District are
considered estuarine.

Nonpoint source information

The following list is comprised of waterbodies within the
New Jersey portion of the Interstate Sanitation District that
without additional action to control nonpoint sources of
pollution, cannot reasonably be expected to attain or maintain
standards:

Nonpoint Source
Waterway Category Subcategory

Silviculture Road Construction/
Maintenance

All Waterways 2 Construction 2 Highway/road/bridge
3. Land development

3- Urban Runoff Surface runoff

Lower Bay Resource Extraction Subsurface mining

Land Disposal Wastewater
Kills Landfills
Raritan Bay Industrial land
treatment/On-site
wastewater systems

Hudson River Hydrologic/Habitat Dredging
Kills Modification
Lower N.Y. Bay
Raritan Bay

All Waterways Other Atmospheric deposition
Spills

Public Health/Aquatic Life Concerns
Toxics - Related Concerns

Fishing Advisories and Bans
Currently in Effect

Pollutants Type of Area Date Source of Species (1)
Waterbody Name of Concern Restriction (Sq. Mi) Established Pollution Affected

Hudson River PCB A 8.6 Dec. 1982 Ft. Edward, Striped Bass)
Washington Large
Raritan Bay/Sandy PCB A 48 Dec. 1982 County, NY Bluefish
Hook Bay White Perch
White Catfish
Raritan River - PCB A (3) Dec. 1982 American Eel(2)
Tidal Portion Blue Crab

KVK/AK PCB A 4.63 Aug. 1984 Diamond-Alkali
Newark, NJ
Newark Bay PCB A 5 Aug. 1984

Passaic River - DIOXIN B (3) Aug. 1984
Tidal Portion

Hackensack River - PCB A (3) Aug. 1984
Tidal Portion

Upper NY Bay PCB A 6 Aug. 1984

A- Health advisory: Limited consumption.
B- Ban on consumption and/or sale of all organisms.
1 - These species can be found in all waterbodies.
2 - Commercial sale prohibited from waters of the Newark Bay Complex.
3 - Beyond yet adjacent to the Interstate Sanitation District.

LITERATURE CITED

Brown, R.M., N.I. McClellend, R.A. Deininger and R.G. Tozer. 1970. A
Water Quality Index - Do We Dare? Water and Sewage Works; October,
pg. 339-343.

Delaware River Basin Commission. 1988. Delaware River Water Quality
Assessment 1986-87 305(b) Report. DRBC; Gerald M. Hansler, Executive
Director. West Trenton, New Jersey.

Interstate Sanitation Commission. 1988. Status Report on the Interstate
Sanitation District Waters; Alan I. Mytelka, Ph.D. Director and Chief
Engineer. 311 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036.

New Jersey Coastal Commission. 1987. A Proposal for the Coast. State of
New Jersey, Office of the Governor; Trenton, New Jersey.

NJ Department of Environmental Protection. 1984. Fixed Station Ambient
Biomonitoring, 1984, Periphyton Section. Division of Water Resources,
Bureau of Monitoring and Data Management, Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1985a. Surface Water Quality Standards, N.J.A.C. 7:9-4.1 et seq.
Division of Water Resources; Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1985b. Use Attainability Analysis of the New York Harbor Complex.
Division of Water Resources; Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1985c. A Study of Toxic Hazards to Urban Recreational Fisherman
and Crabbers. Office of Science and Research; Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1986a. Macroinvertebrate Community Assessment, Basic Water Monitoring
Network, Fixed Station Biomonitoring Program, 1985. Division of Water
Resources, Bureau of Monitoring and Data Management; Trenton, New
Jersey.

Ibid. 1986b. New Jersey 1986 State Water Quality Inventory Report.
Division of Water Resources, Bureau of Water Resources Management
Planning; Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1987a. Site Status Reports on Hazardous Waste Remediation. Division
of Hazardous Waste Management; Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1987b. Summary of Phytoplantaton Blooms and Related Events In New
Jersey Coastal Waters, Summer of 1986. Division of Water Resources,
Bureau of Monitoring Management. Biological Services Unit; Trenton,
New Jersey.

Ibid. 1987c. The Cooperative Coastal Monitoring Program, 1985 and 1986.
Draft. Division of Water Resources, Bureau of Monitoring Management;
Trenton, New Jersey.

111-302

Ibid. 1987d. New Jersey Floatables Study: Possible Sources, Transport,
and'Beach Survey Results. Prepared by Science Applications Interna-
tional Corp., McLean, Va. Prepared for NJDEP, Bureau of Monitoring and
Data Management; Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1988a. Cooperative Coastal Monitoring Program, 1987. Draft.
Division of Water Resources, Bureau of Monitoring Management; Trenton,
New Jersey.

Ibid. 1988b. New Jersey's Coastal Ocean. Prepared by the Planning Group,
Office of the Commissioner, NJDEP; Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1988c. Summary of Phytoplankton Blooms and Related Conditions In
New Jersey Coastal Waters, Summer Of 1987. Division of Water Resources,
Bureau of Monitoring Management. Biological Services Unit; Trenton,
New Jersey.

New Jersey Department of Health. 1988. A Study of the Relationship
Between Illnesses and Ocean Beach Water Quality. Division of Occupa-
tional and Environmental Health, Environmental Health Service; Tren-
ton, New Jersey.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987a. Green Tide Monitoring Survey
for 1986: Results. Prepared by Science Applications International
Corp., 8600 Westpark Dr., McLean, Va. 22102. Prepared for USEPA,
Region II, 26 Federal Plaza, New York, New York.

Ibid. 1987b. New York Bight Water Quality, Summer of 1986. Surveillance
and Monitoring Branch; Edison, New Jersey.

111-303

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Chapter IV

I MOMMEW
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Ground Water

Quality

in New Jersey

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CHAPTER IV: C. Ground Water Quality
and Quanity Concerns

Ground Water Quality Ambient ground water quality is considered
in New Jersey to be good in the State although in many ar-
eas, iron removal is necessary for potabil-
ity. There are ground water problems, how-
A. Introduction ever, as evidenced by the fact that during
the past three years, 218 wells were sealed
The value of New Jersey's ground water to due to ground water pollution problems. Of
its citizens and industries can be considered that number, some were due to sediment
equal to. that of its surface waters. Fortu- entering holes in well screens and not to
nately, New Jersey has an abundance of pollution plumes (NJDEP, 1988). During the
ground water resources which are of gen- period from 1985 to 1987, the NJDEP re-
erally good quality. But the resource is not sponded to 960 ground water pollution cases.
without its share of problems and threats. Figure IV-1 is a generalized map which
This chapter will summarize information on summarizes ground water quality in New
the State's ground water with regard to its Jersey. Table IV-1 summarizes the common
importance for various uses, the quality of sources and causes of ground water pollu-
the resource, and problems it currently tion in the State.
faces. In addition, a review of existing state
programs to protect and enhance our Beginning in late 1984, drinking water sup-
ground water is presented. plies throughout the State were analyzed
semi-annually for volatile organic chemi-
cals. This sampling was done as part of the
B. Importance of Ground Water State's effort to satisfy requirements of the
in New Jersey New Jersey Safe Drinking Water Act
amendments (P.L. 1983, c. 443), commonly
Currently about one-half of the State's pop- known as A-280. Sampling results from the
ulation, about four million people, rely on period of May 24, 1985 to December 1, 1987,
ground water for their drinking water. Of indicated that seventy-six public wells had
the 622 community public water systems in unacceptable levels of volatile organic
the State, 558 obtain all or part of their sup- chemicals. The sampling did not include
plies from ground-water sources (US Envi- private wells; however, one hundred and
ronmental Protection Agency, 1985). There thirty-nine private wells with unacceptable
are also approximately 16,000 non-commu- contamination were brought to the NJDEP's
nity wells and 400,000 private potable wells attention. Figures IV-2 and IV-3 show the
in the State. In addition, industrial and general locations of wells with unaccept-
agricultural (including irrigation) uses of able concentrations of volatile organic
ground water occur throughout the State. chemicals based on this sampling. Subse-
quently, some of these wells closed down
Ground water is important for providing while others employed treatment to correct
base flows to most of the rivers and streams the volatile organic chemical problem.
in the State. In the predominantly sandy Discharges of hazardous substances to the
Coastal Plain physiographic province, it has evrnetps oeta hett h
been estimated that 67 to 89 percent of the envroundmaer. pose auotntialetrsea tof sthesmn
base flow is due to ground water discharge agroud byater he unEP iversio of sitesrman-
to streams (Havens et al., 1980). The ground Sitedb Mtigaio anJdEthe Division of Hazarou
water contribution to stream base flows in arosiWate Migatinagemeth Disvopision ofHz
also conideedmoto and Highlndspoincesnts over 1,200 sites with known or suspected
also onsidred t be sgnifiant.hazardous waste contamination (including

Iv-1

Figure: IV-1

Ground Water Quality in New Jersey

~ Area of Water-Quality Concern

]* Known saltwater intrusion
(from Schaefer, 1983)

Q~ 2 3Chloride concentration greater than
250 milligrams per liter near the top
:,~_--:_-- N. zN be::.::!.. of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy
aquifer system (from Luzier, 1980)

'~ ~ g Potential salt water intrusion

Wells That Yield Contaminated water,
by county

v 0-25

a_ 26 - 75
''": More than 300

(Modified from: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-0740)

IV-2

TABLE IV-1 COMMON GROUND WATER POLLUTION SOURCES

The main ground water pollution sources in New Jersey are listed below. Following each source is
a number that corresponds to the key at the end of the table which describes the significance of
the pollution threat. The numbers do not represent a relative ranking of the pollution source.

I. Wastes and Waste-Generating Activities

Source
-Septic systems (1)
-Infiltration/percolation lagoons (1)
-Waste injection wells (1)
-Landfills (unlined) (1)
-Junkyards (2)
-Leaky sewer lines (3)
-Waste piles (3)
-Unauthorized dumping by individuals (4)
-Infiltration basins (4)
-Animal feedlots (4)
-Agricultural use of sewage and industrial sludges
and compost derived from wastes (5)
-Landfills (lined) (5)
-Upland disposal of dredge spoils (5)
-Lined lagoons (5)

II. Other Sources of Pollution

Source
-Underground storage tanks (1)
-Salt stockpiles and highway deicing (1)
-Above-ground storage tanks (2)
-Agricultural application of fertilizers, pesticides,
and herbicides (2)
-Accidental spills at industrial facilities and
poor housekeeping (2)
-Saltwater intrusion (3)
-Transportation accidents causing spills (4)
-Petroleum transmission pipelines (4)
-Abandoned wells (5)
-Mining (e.g., acid mine drainage) (5)

Key: 1 Major source of ground water pollution
2 Significant source of ground water pollution
3 Potential major source of ground water pollution
4 Potential significant source of ground water pollution
5 Minor or negligible source of ground water pollution

IV-3

Figure IV-2

Approximate Locations of Public - SupplyW*ila Having Recorded
High Concentrations of Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOC'S)

<
U M,

< -4-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
A 0 '.0

4r Legendkj~
D ELAESSW

leel of VOC's
IV-40

HUNTERDON LJ ,~L-
4:-'
4,
'.0 -----'

..2. 'o .-* -s z
.1 0 � Y/

TRET~N'~OUTH0

\1"~~~~~~~1~
S~~~~~- -
Q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ IP

< 0 'S -
'5- 50 0

,-' ' SATLANT�IC
,** '5S~ r�

s~~~ ~Legend

DELA " ~L .* Wells having recorded high levels of VOC'S

Five or more wells having recorded high
levels of VOC'S

IV-4

Figure IV-3

Approximate Locations of Private Wells Having Recorded

High Concentrations of Volatile Organic Chemicals

N~~~WIR
SUSSEX, **. 4

H U N4 T E RD.O

M E P. C E R',
AT L A N.

r s ~~~~Leen
L .4 W A R E

IV-5
- �' , . 'a

HUNTERDON L O

4. o

IERCER"... E \~, U
aTEi~ OUT H

o ,� -

I'
P 3 C~~ 6

r~~~~~~~ S
a~~~~~~~~' 0
s s~~~~ :9,~~~
4-'P

S ?uC 4~:o LAN T;C(

9� ~~~~Legend

DELAWARE~

C~ ci* Wells Having Recorded High Levels of VOC'S

*P Ten or Mlore Wells Having Recorded High
Levels of VOC'S

IV-5

100 National Priorities List sites); over 4,000 because it can contribute to higher levels of
industries generating hazardous waste; over radon in indoor air. The USEPA suggests
400 facilities treating, storing, or disposing that every 10,000 picocuries per liter of
of waste; 640 facilities which may require radon in water will contribute 1 picocurie
corrective action; and 15,000 industrial es- per liter to in-home air. Therefore, for ex-
tablishments which may potentially be ample, a waterborne radon level of 40,000
subject to the Environmental Cleanup Re- picocuries per liter can result in an indoor
sponsibility Act. air level of about 4 picocuries per liter.
Four picocuries per liter is the indoor air
In addition, there are 685 known and po- level at which the USEPA recommends that
tential Resource Conservation & Recovery remedies be considered (U.S. Environmental
Act facilities; 800 NJPDES cases, of which 175 Protection Agency, 1987).
may require long-term remediation; 200
major responsible party cases in the NJDEP's The NJDEP's Bureau of Environmental Radi-
Bureau of Case Management; 422 cases in ation is conducting a program
the NJDEP's Bureau of Field Operations; and ("Confirmatory Monitoring Program") for
155 publicly-funded remediation sites (80 sampling and analysis of radon in indoor
actual and 75 projected) (NJDEP, 1987a). air concentrations. As part of this program,
1,000 samples of well water were also taken.
In addition to point sources of ground water Results from the sampling, primarily from
pollution, there is also thought to exist a the Piedmont and Highlands Physiographic
large number of unpermitted nonpoint Provinces, indicated that approximately 13%
sources of pollution which have yet to be of the water samples contained at least
identified. The primary nonpoint sources 10,000 picocuries per liter of radon.
suspected of causing ground water pollution
include underground storage tanks, surface New Jersey's ground water is also being
runoff, land application of pesticides, and stressed from overpumpage. Overpumpage
other unknown sources. Pollution of sur- has caused lowered ground water levels
face waters can also contribute to ground which has resulted in salt water intrusion
water contamination. in areas directly adjacent to ocean waters
and estuaries. Several water supply wells in
Among the municipalities believed to have these areas have been closed due to high
private wells affected by nonpoint sources chloride and sodium concentrations.
of pollution are: Edgewater Park, Delanco,
Dennis, Winslow, Howell, and Monroe
(Gloucester County). In these areas, it is D. Ground Water in the State's
believed that the contamination may be Physiographic Provinces
from agricultural fertilizers, septic tanks,
or a combination of both, resulting in high This section will describe the ground waters
nitrate levels in the ground water (Robert found in New Jersey's major physiographic
Oberthaler, NJDEP, personal communica- provinces: the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont,
tion). Ground water sampling which was the Highlands, and the Valley and Ridge. In
done in conjunction with the "Contaminated the narrative, the Highlands and the Valley
Wellfield Bond Program," in which the and Ridge provinces are discussed together.
NJDEP makes available low interest loans for Also presented is a description of the value
the provision of alternate potable water which ground water has in each of the
sources, was the source of the data. It is physiographic provinces, as well as the
probable that such nonpoint source pollu- magnitude of quality/quantity problems
tion as this also occurs in other areas of the currently impacting the resource. Figure
State. IV-4 shows both the aquifers of the State
and the major physiographic provinces.
Another problem related to ground water is
the presence of high concentrations of
radon. Radon in ground water is a problem

IV-6

Figure IV-4

Principal Aquifers in New Jersey

3f* fi
9 'I',.''','',\ '. -

j .....-.. ... .

IV-7

(Figure IV-4 cont'd. )
( Modified from: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-0740 )

PRINCIPAL AQUIFER Numeral is aquifer
number hi figure on previous page and section below.
COASTAL PLAIN AQUIFERS
Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system (1)
Atlantic City 800-foot sand (2)
VALLEY, AND RIDGE - Wenonah-Mount _aurel (3)

\,7 Englishtown (4)
!,_: Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system (5)
7 r .Confining beds and minor aquifers
L2vt� / NON-COASTAL PLAIN AQUIFERS
Glacial valley-fill deposits (6) Not shown on map
FALL LINE L Aquifers in the Newark Group (7)

V'' F,> Valley and Ridge sedimentary units (8)
V%' j Highlands crystalline units (9)

0 -� - Southern limit of Wisconsin glacial
terminal moraine

A-A' Trace of hydrogeologic section

FEET A A'
1,000 - 4 3 1 2
9543 1 2

Sea level

-1,000 -

2,000 -

-3,000
Vertical scale greatly exaggerated

IV-8

1. The Coastal Plain cent of the Coastai Pliain inhabitants rely on
Physiographic Province municipal or domestic ground water sup-
plies. Population growth in the Coastal
The Coastal Plain is the largest of the phys- Plain to the year 2000 is estimated to aver-
iographic provinces in New Jersey, cover- age nearly 20 percent, which will undoubt-
ing an area of nearly 4,500 square miles. edly put further demands on the ground
The geology of the province is composed of waters in the province (NJDEP, 1985b).
a series of overlying and overlapping
southeasterly dipping and thickening sedi- The overuse of Coastal Plain ground water
ments. Sands, gravels, silts and clays are has resulted in the development of five re-
the dominant materials composing the un- gional zones of water level declines. These
consolidated Coastal Plain sediments. "cones of depression" are in three general
areas and correspond to where ground wa-
The Coastal Plain contains both confined ter usage is greatest in the Coastal Plain -
and unconfined aquifers. The four major along the Delaware River, the Atlantic Coast
confined aquifers are the Potomac-Raritan- and Raritan Bay. Because of the interrela-
Magothy, Englishtown, Mt. Laurel- tionship between Coastal Plain aquifers,
Wenonah, and Kirkwood formations. The water level declines can adversely affect
Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer is the several aquifers in an area. Areas of salt
oldest, thickest and most developed aquifer water intrusion are due to heavy regional
in the Coastal Plain. The Cohansey Sand water use coupled with close proximity to
Formation is the major unconfined aquifer saline waterways or interfaces with connate
(except in Cape May County where it is con- water downdip.
fined) and outcrops over much of the south-
ern Coastal Plain. Despite the problems currently confronting
ground water in the Coastal Plain, an im-
In the areas of the Coastal Plain where the mense and relatively pure resource still ex-
confined aquifers predominate, significant ists. An estimated 5 billion gallons per day
hydraulic connections have been identified are recharged to the Coastal Plain aquifers,
between the aquifers. As such, even these much of this in the still primarily undevel-
confined aquifers tend to act as an interre- oped Pinelands area (Havens et al., 1980).
lated system. Vertical leakage of ground The effective management of this resource
water through confining layers is espe- will be one of the most important and sig-
cially pronounced when aquifers are heav- nificant challenges currently facing envi-
ily pumped. The Potomac-Raritan-Magothy ronmental protection in the State.
aquifer between Trenton and Salem. re-
ceives an estimated 47 percent of its 2. The Piedmont
recharge from the Delaware River (over an Physiographic Province
outcrop area), 31 percent from vertical
leakage through overlying formations, 17 The Piedmont physiographic province, the
percent from direct precipitation on the second largest in the State, encompasses
outcrop areas, and 5 percent from under- over 1500 square miles. The Piedmont is a
flow (Havens et al., 1980). The Raritan- northeasterly to southwesterly trending
Magothy formation can adequately deliver group of rock formations. Mudstone, sand-
one million gallons per day (mgd) from stone and conglomerate rock with interlay-
properly constructed wells (Havens et al., ered igneous rock characterize this area.
1980). The dominant formation in the province is
the red-colored Brunswick Shale.
Ground water supplies most of the potable
water to the inhabitants of the Coastal Plain. Ground water in this province is found pri-
Seventy-one percent of the total water pur- marily in weathered rock fractures and
veyor-supplied water in the province con- joints. Consequently, ground-water flow is
sists of ground water and seventy-five per- considered to be very complex, highly er-

IV-9

ratic, and difficult to predict. The glacial easterly to southwesterly trending ridges
stratified drift deposits overlying the con- and valleys. The upland areas contain thin
solidated rock are the most productive water soils, while the valleys may be filled with up
bearing formations in this region. As a re- to 350 feet of sand, gravel, silt and clay ma-
suit, they are heavily relied upon as water terials deposited during glacial periods.
supply sources. Sandstone, shale, siltstone, limestone, and
conglomerate comprise the Paleozoic sedi-
It is estimated that approximately fifty-nine mentary rock.
percent of the purveyor-supplied water in
the province is ground water. In addition, The ability of the Highlands geologic for-
more than 71,000 domestic wells supply ap- mations to supply ground water is variable
proximately nine percent of the Piedmont's and, in many areas, less than most other re-
inhabitants with water (NJDEP, 1985b). gions of the State. As in the Piedmont, joints
and fractures act in the Precambrian
Ground water level declines have not oc- gneisses to store waters. Yet unlike the
curred in the Piedmont on the scale found Piedmont, water movement is considered re-
within the Coastal Plain. However, localized stricted in the gneisses to localized areas,
declines have taken place primarily in the and no regional ground-water flow systems
highly developed Buried Valley Aquifer in are thought to exist (NJDEP, 1985b). With
the Morris-Essex Counties area of the Pied- the exception of certain limestones, the Pa-
mont. Where overuse has occurred adjacent leozoic sedimentary rocks are also consid-
to saline water bodies in the Newark area ered to be poor water-bearing formations.
there has been some salt water intrusion Cavities formed in the limestone permit
into the bedrock aquifers. open channel flows that are important
sources locally for municipal, industrial and
The Piedmont, like the Coastal Plain, faces agricultural supplies in portions of Warren,
significant new development pressures in Sussex and Hunterdon Counties.
many areas. Despite the availability of sur-
face water to fill much of the water supply The pollution of ground water in this region
needs of the region, significant ground is difficult to predict because of the move-
water threats imperil the resource. The in- ment of water from one fracture zone to an-
troduction of contaminants, the construc- other. In addition, ground-water movement
tion of regional sewer systems that transfer within the limestone formations is very
waters outside basins, and the paving of rapid.
aquifer recharge areas all threaten to re-
duce ground water availability in the Pied- Residential, commercial and industrial de-
mont. velopment pressures in northern New Jer-
sey may be affected to a certain extent by
3. Highlands and Valley the availability of ground water supplies.
and Ridge Provinces The resource, already considered very lim-
ited in many areas of the Highlands, will
The area comprised of the Highlands and require appropriate management measures
Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces to avoid overuse and contamination. Studies
includes the remaining 1480 square miles of regarding the mapping and exploration of
the State. For the purposes of this discus- the region's ground water are also neces-
sion, both provinces are discussed together sary.
in the narrative under the category
"Highlands." E. Ground Water
Management in New Jersey
The Highlands province contains Precam-
brian crystalline rock formations and Pale- New Jersey has taken an active and pro-
ozoic sedimentary rock. The region is gen- gressive approach to the management of
erally characterized by a series of north- the State's ground water. A number of fed-

IV-10

TABLE IV-2 SUMMARY OF GROUND-WATER RESOURCE EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT
ACTIVITIES IN NEW JERSEY

Agency Functions

1. U.S. Geological Survey Conducts long-term data gathering and special
short-term ground water quality and quantity research
projects, most performed in cooperation with the
NJDEP. These efforts include:

a. Saltwater Encroachment Network consisting in 1988 of
approximately 240 wells. Samples are tested for
pH, temperature, specific conductance, chlorides, and
sometimes sodium

b. Synoptic Well Network to determine potentiometric water
levels in the Coastal Plain. The Synoptic Network Wells are
examined every five years and are scheduled to next be
checked in 1988. It is planned that the potentiometric
water levels of between 1,250 and 1,350 wells will be
measured in 1988.

c. Observation Well Network consisting of 124 wells
Statewide in which water level data is observed.

d. Ambient Ground Water Quality Network in which 25-30
wells will be sampled, during 1988, in the aquifers of the
northern portion of the State and intensive study of an
additional 40-45 wells.

2. NJDEP, Division of Water Resources

A. N.J. Geological Survey Performs resource assessments on aquifer water quality and
quantity characteristics, develops data bases, performs
computer modelling, and is conducting a Statewide aquifer
mapping project for completion in 1991. Provides overall
technical support on ground water issues.

B. Bureau of Monitoring Conducts ground-water monitoring in conjunction with the
Management USGS Ambient Network. Assists substate agencies in
development of their own ground-water monitoring program.

C. Bureau of Water Quality Revising State Ground Water Quality Standards using a new
Standards and Analysis aquifer classification system. Developing aquifer
classification system based on the evaluation of natural
potability, hydraulics, and susceptability to pollution.

IV-11

TABLE IV-2 (Continued) SUMMARY OF GROUND-WATER RESOURCE EVALUATION AND
ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES IN NEW JERSEY

Agency Functions

D. Bureau of Safe Drinking Water Requires periodic sampling of public water supplies
(finished water) for 16 hazardous contaminants. Performs
periodic sampling from public supply wells when
contamination is detected or requires public supply to
furnish monitoring data.

E. Bureau of Water Supply Conduct safe yield studies of areas requiring the
development of new ground water supplies. Collects related
information.

F. Bureau of Ground Water Evaluates localized ground water quality and hydraulics
Discharge Control for the purpose of issuing appropriate permit limitations
on discharges to ground waters.

3. NJDEP, Division of Discharge Control
Analyzes ground water for the presence of potentially
hazardous and toxic chemicals, metals, and organic
substances. Projects are developed for specific study areas.

4. County Cooperative Ground Water Monitoring Program
One County is presently conducting its own ground water
quality monitoring network (Ocean County).

IV-12

Figure IV-5

Location of Water Supply Critical Areas 1 and 2

/'<.

/ -

BAY
g ,4" X~~RIIC
g \ , / -' I

X~~~~~~~~~~,., . . ,.

CA R EA S : .N' A /

'-~~~ ~ ~~~ /~.~i ',,
\,~r

. . x '',,'
I~~~

IBAYRE. .I

r ~ I~i~a ~QJ " I" /1
.DELAWAREI- 13

IV-13

eral, State and sub-state offices are involved
in ground water management activities Increased importance is being placed on the
ranging from resource evaluation to the gathering of ground water quality data. The
cleanup and restoration of contaminated NJDEP (1985a) has outlined a strategy for
wells. New Jersey considers its efforts in collecting ground water quality data which
ground water protection and pollution con- emphasizes greater data coordination be-
trol to be a priority and has made major tween data collecting agencies. Other mon-
commitments to managing the ground wa- itoring priorities are to assist counties in
ter. the development of their own monitoring
programs and to maintain a statewide ambi-
The NJDEP, the agency with primary re- ent ground-water monitoring network.
sponsibility for ground water management Other significant ground water evaluation
in New Jersey, is taking an overall resource projects underway within the NJDEP include
approach to ground water protection. In- a statewide aquifer mapping and assessment
stead of concentrating on controlling only project to be completed by 1991, and the
specific pollution sources, the NJDEP is pre- preparation of revised ground water quality
pared to deal with all known and potential standards during 1988.
pollution sources. Presented below is a
brief description of the various ground wa- The revised ground water quality standards
ter management programs in the State. The will include broad policies for protecting
programs are listed by subject: Resource ground water quality; a classification sys-
Evaluation, Quantity Protection, and Quality tem based upon hydrogeologic properties,
Protection (pollution control). natural quality, and human patterns of use
of ground waters; numeric criteria; and
1. Resource Evaluation policies for applying the ground water
quality standards through the NJDEP's reg-
Assessment and evaluation of the State's ulatory programs. The ground water classi-
ground water resources is critical if man- fication system has been developed in con-
agement is to be effective. The State, alone sultation with a Departmental Ground Water
and in conjunction with outside agencies, Working Group. Ground water quality stan-
has been conducting ground water resource dards will be based on the potability of the
investigations for a number of decades. water in an aquifer, the hydraulic proper-
With the identification of significant ties of the aquifer, and on the use of the
ground water problems over the past ten aquifer system.
years or so, the scope of the resource inves-
tigations have been expanded. Table IV-2 2. Quantity Protection
presents a summary of the ground water re-
source assessment and evaluation programs The management of New Jersey's ground
currently underway in New Jersey. water originated at the turn of the century
when the Water Supply Commission was
Resource evaluations range from descrip- created in 1907 to control all public sup-
tions of surface and subsurface geology to plies. Today, under the auspices of the Wa-
analyzing aquifer water quality and ter Supply Management Act, (N.J.S.A. 58.1A-
recharge rates. As such, resource assess- 1-17), the NJDEP's Bureau of Water Alloca-
ments usually review either the ground tion requires water diversion permits for all
water quantity or quality issues. Ground- withdrawals of 100,000 gpd or more (or
water resource management strategies gen- 10,000 gpd or more from critical water sup-
erally are developed by the Division of Wa- ply aquifers) and well permits for all new
ter Resources. Both the US and NJ Geologi- public or domestic wells.
cal Surveys provide support for preparing
management strategies through the devel- The permit process is designed to ensure ad-
opment of necessary ground water data equate water supplies now and in the fu-
bases. ture. All holders of a diversion permit must

IV-14

submit quarterly water usage reports, and if State. In addition, the lack of alternative
a well is used, static water levels. New allo- supplies is a problem once contamination is
cations will not be granted if there is evi- identified and the water supply closed. The
dence that a diversion can not be sustained added protection of sole source aquifer des-
with use or that it will adversely affect adja- ignation goes hand in hand with the many
cent uses. The Bureau of Water Allocation ground-water management programs al-
has issued approximately 1,000 diversion ready in place in the State.
permits. On a yearly basis, 25,000 applica-
tions for well permits are handled by the Presently, there are six sole source aquifers
staff of the Bureau of Water Allocation. in the State which have been approved by
the USEPA. These include the Buried Valley
The State Water Supply Management Act of Aquifer in southeastern Morris and western
1981 also serves as the basis for the General Essex Counties, consisting of unconsolidated
Water Supply Management Regulations and bedrock geologic materials; the Ridge-
(N.J.A.C. 7:19) which provide for the estab- wood Brunswick Shale and Sandstone
lishment of water supply critical areas. In Aquifer in the municipalities of Ridgewood,
these critical areas, severe water supply Midland Park, Glen Rock, and Wyckoff; the
problems exist. To alleviate these problems, Upper Rockaway River Basin Unconsoli-
the State is empowered to exercise regional dated Quaternary Aquifer in the municipal-
water management controls not applicable ities of Boonton Town, Boonton Township,
in other areas of the State. Denville, Dover, Jefferson, Mine Hill,
Mountain Lakes, Randolf, Rockaway Bor-
Responding to severe water level declines ough, Rockaway Township, Roxbury, Vic-
and increased development in the northern tory Gardens, and Wharton; and the High-
Coastal Plain, New Jersey established Water lands Aquifer System lying in West Milford,
Supply Critical Area Number 1 in 1985. Four Jefferson, Rockaway, Vernon, Hardyston,
aquifers are included in Water Supply Criti- Pompton Lakes, Bloomingdale, Ringwood,
cal Area Number 1, including the: English- Wanaque, Butler, and Riverdale.
town, Mount Laurel-Wenonah, Upper Po-
tomac-Raritan-Magothy, and Lower Po- In June 1988, the two most recent sole
tomac-Raritan-Magothy formations. There source aquifer designations were approved
is also a Water Supply Critical Area Number by the USEPA. These are the Coastal Plain
2. This area includes portions of Camden, and Northwestern New Jersey designations.
Burlington, Gloucester, Salem, Cumberland, The Coastal Plain designation consists of
Atlantic, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties. those municipalities in the Coastal Plain
The affected aquifer is the Potomac-Rari- physiographic province, while the North-
tan-Magothy. The regulations for the es- western New Jersey designation includes
tablishment of critical areas allows for the fifteen separate aquifer systems within all
reduction of existing diversion allocations or portions of the following counties: War-
when alternative supplies become available, ren, Sussex, Passaic, Somerset, Morris, Hun-
promotes water conservation and the devel- terdon, Middlesex, and Mercer.
opment of alternative supplies. Figure IV-5
shows the locations of Water Supply Critical 3. Quality Protection
Areas 1 and 2.
A major part of the NJDEP's ground water,
To emphasize the importance of New Jer- protection effort consists of the New Jersey
sey's ground water to its citizens and indus- Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
tries, in 1985 the NJDEP petitioned the program. Permits are issued for both
USEPA, under the Safe Drinking Water Act, ground water and surface water discharges.
to declare practically the entire State as a Ground water discharges that have been or
sole source aquifer (NJDEP, 1985b). This pe- can be issued a permit include surface im-
tition recognized the vulnerability of the poundments, infiltration/percolation la-
State's ground water to the many known and goons, landfills, injection wells, spray irri-
potential pollution sources present in the

IV-15

Figure IV-6

Distribution of Landfill Sites in New Jersey

..........

*County or Municipal Landfills,

Active and inactive

~~~ 1-3
~::::::::: �II::4�1

EZ~~ 11-2 0

(Modified from:
U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 87-0740)

IV- 16

gation, overland flow, and land application ground Storage Tanks is taking an active
of residuals for hazardous and nonhaz- role in the registration and identification of
ardous wastes. Figure IV-6 shows the distri- underground storage tanks which are gov-
bution of landfill sites in New Jersey. Fig- erned under the provisions of the New Jer-
ure IV-7 shows the locations of hazardous sey Underground Storage of Hazardous Sub-
waste site active remediation activities. stances Act. All owners of regulated under-
ground storage tanks (UST) containing haz-
For these activities, which were already ex- ardous substances or petroleum products
isting when the program was developing, must register by February 19, 1988.
the NJDEP issued an initial interim permit
for one to three years with an assessed fee. The Bureau is undertaking other activities
Information on each facility was gathered as mandated by the Act. A regulatory pro-
based on a file review or field inspection. gram which will incorporate new tank con-
New discharges are subject to a full NJPDES struction standards, mandatory upgrade re-
review and are also assessed a fee. Work in- quirements for existing tanks, and closure
volved in permit issuance ranges from pre- standards including a site assessment for
application conferences and application re- decommissioned tanks. Monitoring systems
views to public notices and hearings. All must be installed at every facility. Each
permitted facilities must perform routine tank owner must show a level of financial
discharge and aquifer (upgradient and responsibility to pay for cleanup of a re-
downgradient) monitoring. Final permits lease and third-party liabilities. A loan
are issued for five years. program will be available for tank owners
who indicate a financial hardship in com-
The NJDEP Bureau of Ground Water Dis- plying with the rules. Finally, the Bureau
charge Control, which issues NJPDES per- will administer the UST Trust Fund, a federal
mits, also conducts a review of other permit grant program to be used for cleanup of
requirements for potential ground water sites where an owner can not be found.
discharges. This includes industrial waste
management facilities, the statewide sludge Another NJDEP ground-water protection ef-
management program and best manage- fort is the well restriction area program. In
ment practices for stormwater and emer- such an area, ground water contains, or is
gency cleanup from major industrial facili- likely to contain in the near future, con-
ties. taminant concentrations above NJDEP stan-
dards or guidelines for potable water. In
Another part of New Jersey's ground-water well restriction areas, it is required that al-
protection effort addresses the management ternate sources of water supply be found.
of on-site septic tanks. In this effort, the There are also restrictions which prevent
NJDEP is revising the (P.L. 1954, Chapter drilling into the affected aquifer. There
199) "Standards for Individual Subsurface are presently approximately fifty well re-
Sewage Disposal Systems." The new stan- striction areas in the State.
dards will reflect current scientific knowl-
edge and engineering practices to protect The Enforcement Element of the NJDEP Divi-
ground water quality and to reduce the fre- sion of Water Resources has been heavily
quency of septic system malfunctions. involved in the process of ground water
pollution investigation and control. Major
Another source of ground water pollution activities include the identification and
consists of underground storage tanks. The mitigation of sources of ground water con-
magnitude of underground storage tanks in tamination, discharge permit compliance
the State is staggering. There are currently monitoring inspections and other permit
about 15,000 registered facilities, each with related compliance activities, and regula-
an average of four storage tanks. Many, if tory actions. Currently, much of the En-
not most, industrial sites have underground forcement Element's case load is devoted to
fuel or chemical storage tanks. To address the problem of ground water pollution.
this issue, the NJDEP's Bureau of Under-

IV-17

Figure IV-7

ACTIVE REMEDIAT ON ACT I V IT IES
FOR FY 1986 - 1987

DX 3REMrEDIATION SITE

Source: NJ. Department of Environmental Protection
Site Status Reports on Hazardous Waste
Remediation, October 1987
IV-18

LITERATURE CITED

Havens, et al. 1980. Source Material: Task VII - Watershed Management
Water Supply Plan; NJ Department of Environmental Protection,
Division of Water Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

NJ Department of Environmental Protection. 1987a. New Jersey's Case
Management Strategy for Hazardous Waste
Programs: Remedial Actions. Division of Hazardous Waste Management.
Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1985a. New Jersey Statewide Water Quality Management Program Plan.
Division of Water Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1987b. Site Status Reports On Hazardous Waste Remediation. Division
of Hazardous Waste Management. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1985b. Sole Source Aquifer Designation Petition: Aquifer Systems of
the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Highlands, and Valley and Ridge
Physiographic Provinces. Submitted to C. Daggett, Regional
Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Ibid. 1988. Water Allocation Well Sealing Data Base. Division of Water
Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

US Environmental Protection Agency. 1987. Removal of Radon from Household
Water. OPA-87-O11. Washington, D.C.

US Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. State Ground Water Program.
Summary. Office of Ground Water Coordination, Water Management
Division, Region II. New York, New York.

US Geological Survey. 1987. Open-File Report 87-0740. West Trenton, New
Jersey.

OTHER REFERENCES

NJ Department of Environmental Protection. 1985. Administrative Order -
In the Matter of Water Supply Critical Area No. 1. Division of Water
Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1986. Procedures for Implementation of Water Supply Critical Area
No. 2. Division of Water Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

IV- 19

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Chapter V
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New Jersey
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.......... ............I....-...... .... - -... .. ... .. ..........
.......... ............................. .- .... .... ....... .. ...... .. ....... -....
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.................. ..-...I.... ..... ..-I-1-1.11- ....... -.1, . ... ........
... -.- ....... ........-....... ....... . .. ........ ... ..... .. ..... .
...................... .. ........
.. .. .. .. .. .................. ..... ........... .... ........
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.. .. .. ........... .. .-I.1-1- ....... ... .. .....
.. .................. 11.11---- . ... .... .. .. .. ..... ..
... ..... .... -- ...... ..... ..... ...
.............. 1.1.1-1-11.1 .. .....
......... ...... ..... ...
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.............. .............-... ........
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........... ....... ... ..... . ........... ... .. .. ........
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... ....... ..... --- .... ............
........... .................... ..... .. ..... .____ ....... ... .......
..... ..........I--- ..........
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................
........ .. .. ..... ..... ..... ............. ... .......
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.......... ..... ........-...... ........ .. .....
........-..... ........ .. .... ... --.1-1-11 ........... .. ...
.. ........ ....... .. ............. -- ... -.- ... .. ... ..
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................
..........-.. ..... -.- ................. ....... ...... ..
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F Efficiencies
facilities:::::I

M -- . ...

11A11 XI ~~~~~such measures as greater pollutant rate re-
CHAPTEILR V movals at wastewater treatment plants, and
the elimination of many older and anti-
New Jersey's quated wastewater treatment facilities.

Water Quality
Management Programs A. Point Source Control

The protection of water quality through the
provision of proper wastewater treatment
Introduction has long been a program priority in New
Jersey. Since 1972, more than $ 2.2 billion
New Jersey has an active and progressive in federal funds have been obligated in the
approach for the protection of water qual- State for the construction of wastewater
ity. New Jersey's programs to provide this treatment works. The 1986 National Needs
protection are briefly described in this Survey, however, reports that approxi-
chapter. For the purposes of the discussion, mately $3.3 billion of new investment in
the programs are grouped in the following wastewater treatment projects is required to
categories: point source control, nonpoint meet current needs in the State. Table V- I
source control, wetlands protection, and presents the costs for the various categories
monitoring efforts. assessed in the 1986 Needs Survey.

The direction and activities of New Jersey's New Jersey's point source-related programs
water quality management programs are are described in the narrative below. The
outlined in the Statewide Water Oualitv program discussions are divided into the
Management Program Plan, produced by following major subject areas: the New Jer-
the Division of Water Resources in 1985.se Muipa WstaerTamntC-
That document presents more than 25 De- srcinAssac rgateNwJr
partmental policies, procedures, and strate- sey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
gies for a number of water quality and program, the sewer extension permit pro-
wastewater management issues. The gram (including sewer extension ban re-
StatwideWate Quaity anagmentPro- strictions), the industrial pretreatment pro-
gram Plan satisfies State and federal con- grm an efocet-ltdatites
tinuing planning requirements. The doc-
ument will be updated periodically to reflect
new or revised water quality needs and pri- 1. New Jersey Municipal Wastewater
orities. ~~~~~~~~~Treatment Construction Assistance
Program: The NJDEP, through its Con-
As discussed in Chapter 11I, total phosphorus srcinGat diitainEeet
and fecal coliform concentrations are the administers various funding sources for the
most severe water quality problems in New construction of wastewater treatment facil-
Jersey's rivers and streams. Other common ities throughout New Jersey. These are col-
polluantsor plluton idicaors ftenlectively referred to as the New Jersey Mu-
found at problematic levels include nitro- nicipal Wastewater Treatment Construction
gen-containing compounds (including am- Assistance Program. That program consists
monia), biochemical oxygen demand, re- of the traditional federal Construction
duced dissolved oxygen, and locally, various Grants Program administered by the State
toxic' substances. These pollutants originate on behalf of the USEPA and the State
from both point and nonpoint sources. Wastewater Treatment Financing Program.
The State Wastewater Treatment Financing
Despte tesecurrnt roblmsprogess Program consists of the combined Wastew-
has been made in improving the quality of Wseater Treatment TrusdadthNe Jerogram
our waters. These improvements are due to WatwerTamnt rutPoa.

V-1

The Wastewater Treatment Trust derives its fluent limits are being applied. One of the
monies from revenue bonds and it operates major mechanisms to control toxic point
under the jurisdiction of an "independent source discharges is the "whole effluent (or
financing authority." The Wastewater toxicity testing) approach." This approach
Treatment Fund is a State program admin- establishes permit limits on the toxicity of
istered by the NJDEP and is capitalized with an effluent as a whole, utilizing bioassay
federal funds. Together, these programs toxicity tests with fish or aquatic inverte-
provide for loans at approximately 50% of brates.
the market interest rate. Terms of the loans
are from 20-23 years. In State Fiscal Year Whole effluent limits are being incorpo-
1988, the State Wastewater Treatment Fi- rated into industrial wastewater permits for
nancing Program issued $235 million in low all process water discharges and other se-
interest loans. lected wastewaters. There are presently
such limits in permits for approximately 130
In applying for funding, applicants must industrial wastewater dischargers, in-
meet deadlines for each of the following cluding 45 permits which contain water
steps: commitment, planning, design, and quality based acute toxicity limits. Cur-
formal application. To date, the design dead- rently, there are also approximately 200
line has been reached with 25 applicants municipal dischargers which have whole
having met it. effluent limits.

2. New Jersey Pollutant Discharge 3. Sewer Extension Permit Program:
Elimination System: New Jersey was. The NJDEP issues sewer extension permits
delegated the federal discharge permit pro- for discharges to wastewater treatment fa-
gram in 1982, and subsequently the pro- cilities. Permits may only be issued for
gram became known as the New Jersey projects in compliance with the provisions
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System or and requirements of applicable Water Qual-
NJPDES. The NJPDES program regulates fa- ity Management Plans and Wastewater Fa-
cilities and activities discharging or re- cilities Plans. A component of the sewer
leasing pollutants into the surface waters or extension permit activity is the sewer ex-
ground waters of the State. tension ban program.

Of the permitted municipal wastewater fa- The imposing of sewer bans prevents over-
cilities, 328 discharge to surface water, 22 to loading of sewage treatment plants and re-
ground water, and 24 to both the ground sultant discharges of improperly treated
water and surface water. Of the industrial sewage. The sewer connection regulations
facilities, 650 discharge to surface water, (N.J.A.C. 7:14A-12.1 et seq.) require that mu-
179 to ground water, and 135 to both surface nicipalities place a moratorium on sewer
water and ground water. In addition, there extensions once the treatment plant has
are also approximately 375 landfills with reached capacity or exceeded its permit
NJPDES permits. limits. The moratorium can only be lifted
when capacity has been increased or treat-
In 1985, a revised schedule for the NJPDES ment upgraded. As of February 1988, there
was adopted. It utilizes a more compre- were 114 sewer moratoriums in effect in the
hensive assessment of potential environ- State, affecting a total of 99 municipalities.
mental damage resulting from discharges Aggressive use of the program, and result-
and imposes a fee based on the extent of ing pressure from local communities and
projected water quality damage. In Fiscal developers, has resulted in numerous solu-
Year 1987, the NJDEP collected $6.6 million tions to long standing non-compliance
in NJPDES permit fees. problems.

As part of New Jersey's NJPDES program to 4. Industrial Pretreatment Program:
control the effects of point source dis- New Jersey has in effect an industrial
charges on water quality, toxics-related ef- pretreatment program to help control the

V-2

following problems which may result from summarizes the numbers of inspections
untreated industrial wastewater discharged conducted by the Division of Water Re-
into municipal wastewater treatment sources' Enforcement Element, the percent-
plants: age of dischargers found to be out of com-
- toxic industrial pollutants may pass pliance (i.e., not meeting permit limita-
through the treatment plant, polluting a re- tions), and the penalties assessed.
ceiving water body and posing a threat to
aquatic life, and, through the food chain, to One of the responsibilities of the Enforce-
human health, ment Element is to maintain a "Municipal
Management Strategy List" of facilities
- toxic industrial wastes may interfere which have not achieved compliance with
with the operation of the treatment plant, effluent limits and have no compliance
rendering the treatment of other wastes less schedule to do so. As of January 1988, 85 of
effective, those facilities achieved compliance with
effluent limits or are on a compliance
- industrial wastes containing high levels schedule through a Construction Grants
of toxic metal or organic compounds can project, NJPDES permit or an enforcement
contaminate sludge, making disposal options action.
more expensive and more limited (NJDEP,
1987b) On July 1, 1988 (pursuant to Section 301 of
the federal Clean Water Act), publicly op-
In 1981, New Jersey was delegated authority erated treatment works will be required to
from the USEPA for a pretreatment pro-. meet secondary or water quality based ef-
gram. In implementing this program, the fluent limitations, whichever is more strin-
NJDEP is responsible for approving the gent. Certain facilities will be unable to
pretreatment programs developed by pub- meet this deadline and it will be necessary
licly operated treatment facilities and for for the NJDEP to issue Administrative Con-
developing pretreatment programs for the sent Orders (ACO's) to bring the facilities
remaining wastewater treatment facilities into compliance. The ACO's will establish
in the State. Presently, there are NJDEP-ap- schedules to ensure that delinquent facili-
proved pretreatment programs for 22 facil- ties come into compliance with treatment
ities. It is estimated that 80 to 90 percent of standards set forth in their NJPDES permits
the State's industrial indirect dischargers at the earliest possible date. These ACO's will
are located within the service districts of also contain interim effluent limitations as
those facilities. well as provide for stipulated penalties
should they not meet their schedules or
Information from Department audits of limits.
publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)
may be used in gauging the effectiveness of During 1987, approximately $44 million was
the pretreatment program. Those findings spent on hazardous waste cleanups by re-
indicate that of the six POTWs disposing of sponsible parties (NJDEP, 1987a). This pro-
their sludge by ocean dumping, only one gram is entirely separate from the State
received a rating of "unacceptable" on the Spill Fund and federal Superfund programs
most recent audit of their program imple- in that the hazardous waste cleanups are
mentation. All six had reductions in most of funded by those responsible for the pollu-
their heavy metals ranging from 32 to 91 tion, at no additional expense to the taxpay-
percent (NJDEP, 1987b). ers. The privately funded cleanup program
provides for an equivalent type of remedial
5. Enforcement-Related Activities: action as the Spill Fund and Superfund.
New Jersey has an active enforcement pro- Thus, the State has the flexibility of pro-
gram that ensures NJPDES permit compli- viding for cleanup at hazardous waste sites
ance, correction of the problem of nonper- using a variety of funding methods, all ca-
mitted discharges, and assists in the cleanup pable of achieving the same goal. With the
of hazardous waste disposal areas. Table V-2 privately funded cleanup program there is

V-3

the added benefit that taxpayers do not have
to bear the cost for remediating the conse-
quences of private parties' actions.

V-4

TABLE V-1 NEW JERSEY 1986 NEEDS SURVEY RESULTS FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS.

CATEGORY - CURRENT 1986 PUBLICLY OWNED WASTEWATER TREATMENT NEEDS
ELIGIBLE FOR FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

Secondary Treatment .......................................... 1,339

Advanced Treatment ........................................... 142

Infiltration/Inflow ............................................. 225

Replacement/Rehabilitation ............................. 104

New Collector Sewers .......................................... 252

New Interceptor Sewers ..................................... 461

Combined Sewer Overflows ................................ 767

Total ..................................................... 3,290
(All figures are in thousands of dollars)

* As Reported By: US Environmental Protection Agency. February 1987. 1986 Needs Survev
Renort to Coneress. EPA 430/9-87-001.

TABLE V-2 SUMMARY OF NJPDES PERMIT COMPLIANCE INSPECTIONS

Fiscal Year 86 Fiscal Year 87 Fiscal Year 88

Penalties $844,445 $2,503,586 $713,279
Assessed* (through Feb. 1988)

Surface 1,487 2,104 1,157
Water (42% out of (35% out of (50% out of
Discharger compliance) compliance) compliance
Inspections as of Dec.1987)

Ground 334 362 241
Water (55% out of (39% out of (56% out of
Discharger compliance) compliance) compliance
Inspections as of Dec.1987)

*On dischargers failing to meet NJPDES permit conditions

V-5

B. Nonpoint Source The State of New Jersey recognizes that if
Pollution Control clean water goals are to be met more em-
phasis must be placed on NPS and stormwa-
Currently, nonpoint source (NPS) pollution ter quality management. To accomplish this
is variably managed in New Jersey through goal the State is currently in the process of
a broad range of both regulatory and vol- developing a Statewide Nonpoint Source
untary programs. These programs exist at Pollution Control Management Program.
all levels of government. In many in- This program will be developed in four
stances nonpoint source control has been phases: NPS assessment as part of the N.J.
authorized through existing regulatory Water Quality Inventory Report; a Nonpoint
programs which were originally created to Source Pollution Control Strategy; Regula-
primarily control point sources of pollution. tory and Management Program Develop-
As a result, given the sources that have ment; and an Implementation Program.
been made available and the emphasis that Such a program is also required by the fed-
has been placed on point source control eral Water Quality Act of 1987. It is proposed
both nationally and statewide, these pro- that as each of these phases are developed
grams have not fully exercised their regu- they will be incorporated as elements of the
latory authority to control nonpoint source existing Statewide Water Quality Manage-
pollution. ment Plan. Ultimately, the New Jersey De-
partment of Environmental Protection
To a great extent, NPS control programs (NJDEP) anticipates municipal and county
which currently exist in the State are vol- governments will take an active role in the
untary. However, regulatory programs do development of local water pollution control
exist. These programs focus primarily on plans which would address and coordinate
soil erosion control during new construc- both NPS and point source pollution man-
tion activities, coastal water protection and agement within their respective jurisdic-
stormwater management in developing ar- tions. The NJDEP will also take an active
eas. Local and county stormwater manage- role in developing educational programs
ment ordinances are required under State and materials aimed at bringing NPS control
law only when there is State funding for to public awareness. Continuing public
development of such ordinances. Because of participation efforts will provide assistance
this approach these regulatory programs do to private, commercial and governmental
not contain provisions for identifying spe- communities for creating and implement-
cific pollutants to control and waterways to ing programs for managing NPS pollution.
be improved, but are implemented with Determining how to implement the pro-
technology-based standards. In addition, posed Statewide Nonpoint Source Pollution
there has been very little evaluation of Control Program will require an inventory
their effectiveness to control specific pol- of existing nonpoint source control pro-
lutant sources (i.e. bacteria, BOD, nutrients, grams both at the State and local levels.
etc.). Without the benefits of results from Preparation of such an inventory will assist
such evaluations, coupled with the lack of in identifying where strong nonpoint
programs aimed at specific water quality source control currently exists within the
improvements through NPS control, and State and where control is weak which may
very limited in-stream monitoring of NPSs, require the development of new programs
it is not possible at this time for the State to or expansion of existing programs. The fol-
make recommendations and identify appro- lowing list identifies many existing pro-
priate remedial actions, or best management grams at both the State and local levels that
practices, necessary to control NPS pollu- currently control or could be used to control
tion in the individual waterbodies identified nonpoint source pollution. Each of these
in Chapter III as suspected of being im- programs will be evaluated further to de-
pacted by NPS. termine their legal authority, funding abil-
ities and effectiveness to control nonpoint
source pollution. Once this evaluation is
complete a more detailed description of the

V-6

possible NPS programs will be developed DeDartment of Agriculture
and presented in the Statewide Nonpoint
Source Pollution Control Management - Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Act
Program. (NJSA 4:24-39 et seq.)

Requires the installation of "best manage-
1. State NPS Proaram ment practices" to control soil erosion and
sedimentation during construction and
a. Regulatory Programs quarrying activities.

DeDartment Other Regulatorv Programs
of Environmental Protection
- Pinelands Commission (NJSA 13:18A-5)
- Stormwater Management Program (NJAC
~~~~7:8-1.11~) ~Protects, preserves and enhances the
Regulates the management of storm water significant values of the resources of the
from new development and provides grants Pinelands area of New Jersey.
to local governments for the development of
local storm water management ordinances - Beach Erosion Commission (NJSA 52:91-2)
and plans.
Protects and preserves the State's beaches
- Water Quality Management Planning. and shorefront.
Program (NJSA 58:11A-1 et seq.)
- Tidelands Resource Council (NJSA 13:1B-
Provides regulatory authority for a consis- 10)
tent statewide approach for maintaining,
improving, and protecting water quality. Formulates comprehensive policies for the
development and use of the natural and
- New Jersey Pollutant Discharge economic resources.
Elimination System (NJPDES) Permit
Programs (NJAC 7:14A-1.1 et seq.) - Delaware River Basin Commission (NJSA
32:11D-7)
Restricts and controls the discharge of
pollutants including toxic and hazardous Develops and effectuates plans, policies and
pollutants, and municipal and industrial projects relating to the water resources of
waste, to both surface and groundwater. the Basin.

- Coastal Area Facilities Review (CAFRA) - Interstate Sanitation Commission (NJSA
Program (NJSA 13:19-1 et seq.) 32:19-1)

Involved in coastal area planning as well as Formed to abate existing and control future
reviewing the siting of certain facilities in pollution in the harbor of New York.
the designated Coastal Zone of the State.

- Waterfront Development Permit Program
(NJSA 12:5-3)

Regulates construction activities in and
adjacent to water bodies located within the
Coastal Zone of the State.

V-7

b. Voluntary Programs - Pesticide Control Council (NJSA 26:2c-1 et
seq.)
DeDartment
of Environmental Protection Increases public awareness on safe
pesticide use by providing educational
- Navesink River Shellfish Pollution programs.
Control Project - New Jersey Geological Survey

An inter-governmental cooperative effort
Provides data and expertise regarding
aimed at restoring water quality and the groundwater supplies and geology to the
shellfish resources in the Navesink River Department of Environmental Protection.
through the implementation of best man-
agement practices designed to control
- New Jersey Sea Grant Extension
bacteria caused by NPS pollution.
Provides educational and technical advice
- N.J. Wastewater Treatment Financing on coastal resource issues.
Program
- Rutgers Cooperative Extension
Provides low interest loans for constructing
and upgrading municipal wastewater
Provides educational and technical support
treatment systems. for various environmental concerns.

DeDartment of Agriculture - Soil Conservation Act (NJSA 4:24-1 et seq.)

- Statewide Soil and Water Conservation Provides technical assistance for Best
Program Management Practices that control soil
erosion and sedimentation.
Provides technical and financial assistance
to landowners for nonpoint source control
2. Local NPS Proarams
- Agricultural Retention and Development
Program (NJSA 4:lc-11 et seq.) a. Regulatory Programs

Cost sharing program developed for farmers (County/Municipal)
to implement "best management practices"
to reduce nonpoint source pollution. - Statewide Stormwater Management
Program (where in existence)

c. Technical Assistance/ Through the assistance of the Department of
Advisory Agencies Environmental Protection develops regional
stormwater management planning pro-
- Commission on Intergovernmental grams and local stormwater management
Relations (NJSA 52:9B-4) ordinances.

Formulates proposals of cooperation - Water Quality Management Planning
between New Jersey, other states and the Program (where designated)
federal government.
Designated county or regional planning
- Clean Water Council (NJSA 58:25-11) agencies develop comprehensive Water
Quality Management Plans which describe
Acts to preserve and improve water quality their long term needs and strategies for
in the State. improving water quality within their
planning areas.

V-8

- County Environmental Health Act (NJSA
26:3A2-21 et seq.)

Authorizes county boards of health to pass
ordinances to control pollution in the
county.

- Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Act
(NJSA 4:24-39 et seq.)

Administered by the 16 Soil Conservation
Districts located in the State to control soil
erosion and sedimentation from con-
struction activities occurring within the
districts.

b. Voluntary Programs
(County/Municipal)

- Statewide Soil and Water Conservation
Program

Provides funding through a cost share
mechanism to implement soil and water best
management practices.

- Farmland Preservation Program

Acts to preserve farmland in the State and
requires implementation of best man-
agement practices to reduce sedimenta-
tion/erosion and improve water quality.

- Conservation Operations Program

Provides technical assistance to landowners
through local soil conservation districts

- Municipal Land Use Laws

Through local code enforcement officers
ensures compliance of various activities
with applicable ordinances and zoning
requirements.

V-9

C. Wetlands Protection 5. Coastal Area Facility Review Act (N.J.S.A.
13:19-1 et seq.),
Over the past two decades, the public per- 6. Waterfront Development Law (N.J.S.A.
ception of wetlands has changed signifi- 12:5-3),
cantly. Once commonly regarded as waste 7. New Jersey Water Quality Planning Act.
areas with little or no value, wetlands are
now recognized by many as a vital link in In addition, the U.S. Army Corps of Engi-
our ecological system. In New Jersey, wet- neers, in coordination with the U.S. Envi-
lands are considered to be "waters of the ronmental Protection Agency, administers
State" under the New Jersey Water Quality provisions of the federal Clean Water Act
Planning Act (N.J.S.A. 58:11A-1) and the and the federal River and Harbor Act,
New Jersey Water Pollution Control Act which address regulation of wetlands and
(N.J.S.A. 58:10A-1). The protection of the waters of the State (NJDEP, 1988). On July 1,
chemical, physical, and biological integrity 1987, the strategy for the protection of
of such waters is a key objective of these freshwater wetlands in the State changed
laws. Wetlands can provide many important significantly as a new law was enacted: the
benefits including: flood control, pollution Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act of 1987
filtration, aquatic and wildlife habitat, soil (N.J.S.A. 13:9B-1 et seq.). The Freshwater
erosion and sedimentation control, ground Wetlands Protection Act (FWPA) defines a
water recharge, water supply, recreation, freshwater wetland as an area that is inun-
aesthetics, and research. dated or saturated by surface water or
ground water at a frequency and duration
Wetlands have become increasingly threat- sufficient to support, and that under normal
ened by development, as suitable land for circumstances does support, a prevalence of
building is rapidly diminishing. Since vegetation typically adapted for life in satu-
wetlands are scattered throughout the State, rated soil conditions, commonly known as
this impact is widespread. Table V-3 shows hydrophytic vegetation. Further, the hy-
the spatial distribution of wetlands by drology, soils, and vegetation are considered
county. As indicated, while the central and in determining whether an area is wetland.
southern counties contain much of the
wetlands in the State, there is significant The FWPA authorizes, beginning in July
acreage in all of New Jersey's counties. It is 1988, the issuance of permits by the NJDEP
estimated that New Jersey may have lost at for regulated activities. These activities in-
least 20 percent of its wetlands since the clude: (1) removal, excavation, disturbance,
mid-1900's (Tiner, 1985). While some of the or dredging of soil, sand, gravel, or aggre-
early losses were due to agriculture; for the gate material; (2) drainage or disturbance of
last 30-40 years, filling of wetlands for the water level or water table; (3) dumping,
residential, commercial, and industrial discharging, or filling; (4) driving of pil-
development has predominated. ings; (5) placing of obstructions; and (6) de-
struction of vegetation which would alter
Wetlands in New Jersey have in recent the character of a wetland.
years been regulated under the authority of
seven different State laws: The permit program will not affect tidal
wetlands regulated under the Wetlands Act
1. Wetlands Act of 1970 (N.J.S.A. 13:9A-1 et of 1970. In addition, in the Pinelands Area
seq.), and the Hackensack Meadowlands District,
2. Pinelands Protection Act of 1979 (N.J.S.A. the NJDEP shall issue permits only for the
13:18-1 et seq.), discharge of dredged or fill material as part
3. Hackensack Meadowlands Reclamation of a State-administered "404 Program."
and Development Act (N.J.S.A. 13:17-1 et seq.), Other than these activities, areas under the
4. New Jersey Flood Hazard Control Act jurisdiction of the Hackensack Meadowlands
(N.J.S.A. 58:16A), Development Commission or the Pinelands
Commission will not require a freshwater

V-10

TABLE V-3 WETLANDS ACREAGE IN NEW JERSEY

Land Wetland % of County
Area Area Represented
County (so. mile) (acres) by Wetlands

Atlantic 569 148,149 40.7
Bergen 234 10,084 6.7
Burlington 819 136,297 26.0
Camden 221 20,922 14.8
Cape May 267 89,581 52.4
Cumberland 500 98,950 30.9
Essex 130 6,833 8.2
Gloucester 329 36,844 17.5
Hudson 47 3,897 13.0
Hunterdon 423 5,450 2.0
Mercer 228 11,819 8.1
Middlesex 312 24,022 12.0
Monmouth 476 32,700 10.7
Morris 468 40,264 13.4
Ocean 642 128,531 31.3
Passaic 192 5,042 4.1
Salem 365 58,987 25.3
Somerset 307 11,127 5.7
Sussex 527 30,771 9.1
Union 103 3,053 4.6
Warren 362 12,637 5.5
..........................................................................
State Total 7,521 915,960 19.0

Source: Tiner, 1985

V-11

wetlands permit or be subject to transition
area requirements.

The FWPA contains several other provisions
relating to wetland mitigation require-
ments, the establishment of a Wetlands
Mitigation Council, and other subjects. The
Act also indicates that the State will take ap-
propriate action to assume the (404) permit
program, presently the responsibility of the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Presently, freshwater wetlands protection
regulations are being finalized. Public
hearings were held on the draft regulations
in January, 1988. At such time as the regu-
lations are adopted (scheduled for July,
1988), there will be a clearer and more con-
solidated procedure for the protection of
freshwater wetlands in New Jersey.

V- 12

D. Surface Water and as a result, little nonpoint source-re-
Monitoring Programs lated monitoring data is available.

Introduction The present and anticipated water quality
monitoring activities in New Jersey are
This section discusses the water quality summarized in the following paragraphs.
monitoring activities which are being con- For the purposes of the discussion, the ac-
ducted in the State. Monitoring data is used tivities are divided into the following cate-
to establish baseline conditions, determine gories: routine monitoring, toxics-related
trends, and identify solutions to or further monitoring, biological monitoring, and in-
study water quality problems. The NJDEP's tensive surveys/special studies. It should be
primary water quality monitoring unit is understood that although an activity falls
the Division of Water Resources' Bureau of within a particular category within the dis-
Monitoring Management, although moni- cussion, there may be aspects of the project
toring functions are also performed by which overlap with other categories. The
other units. intensive surveys/special studies will be
discussed within general geographical ar-
Since approximately 1981, there has been a eas: northern, southern (below the "Fall
gradual shift in the emphasis of the Bureau Line" as shown on Figure IV-4), coastal, and
of Monitoring Management's monitoring
activities. One such trend has been a de-
emphasizing of fixed station ambient moni- All of the monitoring activities discussed
toring with emphasis, instead, being placed below are conducted by the Bureau of Mon-
on intensive surveys. Another trend is the itoring Management unless otherwise idi-
broadening in scope of the ambient moni-
toring program to include both surface wa-
ter and ground water monitoring.

While these changes have taken place there Basic Water Monitoring Network: This
has been no appreciable increase in staff; is a component of EPA's national 1,000 sta-
and, as a result, less long-term trend data tion network, of which 26 monitoring sites
have been obtained. In addition, areas occur in New Jersey. This program is de-
studied are necessarily smaller as intensive signed to establish baseline water quality;
surveys increased at the expense of routine characterize and define trends in physical,
ambient monitoring. The information for a chemical, and biological conditions; identify
given area, however, over a short temporal new and existing water quality problems;
span, has increased. Another trend, in the and measure progress towards meeting na-
Bureau's monitoring activities, has been an tional water quality goals. The program has
emphasis on the coastal area with a corre- been active since 1976. The sampling fre-
sponding decrease in inland surface water quency is four times per year for "routine"
monitoring. parameters and once per year for
"supplemental" parameters.
To make up for the lessened emphasis on
ambient monitoring, the Division has been Routine parameters and observations in-
delegating certain monitoring responsibil- clude: gage readings, weather conditions,
ities to the counties. To date, six agencies water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH,
have been delegated monitoring responsi- specific conductance, fecal strep, total col-
bilities (Ocean County, Cape May County, iforms, BOD, nitrite, nitrite + nitrate, ammo-
Atlantic County, Monmouth County, nia, TKN, color, turbidity, and suspended
Burlington County, and Passaic County). solids. Supplemental parameters include:
COD, chloride, sulfate, petroleum hydrocar-
To date, the emphasis in the State's moni- bons, dissolved minerals (Ca, Mg, Na), and
toring activities has been on point sources metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb).

V-13

Primary Monitoring Network: The tive Coastal Monitoring Program (CCMP),
purpose of this program, which has been and the New Jersey Bureau of Marine Water
active since 1975, is to establish baseline Classification and Analysis (BMWC&A). The
water quality; to define trends in physical, CCMP is an NJDEP-coordinated network in-
chemical, and biological conditions; and to volving the New Jersey Division of Water
identify existing water quality problems. A Resources in concert with the health de-
total of eighty-two sites are monitored in partments of four coastal counties and five
New Jersey, of which 46 are monitored by coastal municipalities, and is organized to
the Bureau of Monitoring Management. The monitor bathing beaches from May to
USGS monitors the remainder. The sam- September. The Bureau of Marine Classifi-
pling frequency is six times per year for cation and Analysis under the Division of
routine water column parameters, two times Water Resources is concerned with the fit-
per year for supplemental water column ness of waters for the purposes of shellfish
parameters, and one time per year for sup- harvesting. This agency monitors waters,
plemental sediment parameters. both bay and coastal, from Raritan Bay
down to Delaware Bay. CCMP and BMWC&A
Routine water column parameters and ob- sampling is limited to coliform bacteria
servations include: water temperature, gage measurements in bathing beaches and
readings, weather conditions, dissolved oxy- shellfish harvesting waters respectively.
gen, pH, specific conductivity, BOD, nitrite,
nitrate, nitrite + nitrate, TKN, total P, fecal The USEPA annually conducts monitoring of
coliforms, fecal strep, TOC, and dissolved chemical and biological conditions in the
minerals (chloride, fluoride, calcium, mag- New York Bight region from early April to
nesium, potassium, sodium, silica, sulfate). late September. This sampling network per-
Supplemental water column parameters in- forms bacteria, phytoplankton, and chemi-
clude: sulfide, total hardness, arsenic, cal monitoring along the coast out to nine
beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, miles.
copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc,
aluminum, selenium, mercury, phenol). National Stream Quality Accounting
Supplemental sediment parameters include: Network (NASQUAN), and National
metals, organic pesticides, herbicides, and Hyrologic Benchmark Network: These
PCBs. are USGS water quality monitoring pro-
grams. The purpose of the NASQUAN
Estuarine and Ocean Water Mon- network is to determine the quality of the
itoring: Routine water quality monitoring Nation's waters. There are six NASQUAN
in New Jersey bays, estuaries, and coastal network stations in New Jersey. Samples
reaches is performed by various govern- are analyzed for several conventional pa-
mental agencies. The interstate estuary and rameters, although at one station (Delaware
bay waters shared by New Jersey and New River at Trenton) samples receive
York which include the Arthur Kill, the Kill radiochemical tests.
Van Kull, the Hudson River, Newark Bay,
and the tidal Hackensack River as well as The National Hydrologic Benchmark Net-
the Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays are work includes one monitoring station
monitored by the Interstate Sanitation (McDonalds Branch in Lebanon State For-
Commission. The Delaware River and Bay est). National Hydrologic Benchmark Net-
are overseen by the Delaware River Basin work monitoring stations are selected based
Commission. Both of these agencies monitor on their remoteness from the activities and
sanitary conditions (bacteria), dissolved influence of man. Parameters and observa-
oxygen, nutrients, and toxic substances. tions include: specific conductance, water
temperature, streamflow, pH, DO, fecal col-
The waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, iforms, fecal strep, BOD, suspended sediment,
both estuarine and coastal, as well as parts sand-silt fraction, common ions, nutrients,
of Delaware Bay, are monitored by two net- dissolved solids, TOC, trace metals, and radio-
works overseen by the NJDEP: the Coopera- chemicals.

V-14

2. Toxics-Related Monitoring 3. Biological Monitoring

Imperial Oil Company/Birch Swamp USEPA New York Bight Water Quality
Brook: The purpose of this study is to de- Survey: This project involves phyto-
termine the sources of toxicity in bioassay plankton and chlorophyll "a" analysis on
water collected upstream of the Imperial Oil twelve stations for sixteen weeks.
wastewater discharge. Samples for nutri-
ents, solids, heavy metals, base neutral/acid NJDEP Coastal Eutrophication Study:
extractable organics, phenols, and This project involves supplemental data
petroleum hydrocarbons in the water col- collection collection on "brown/red" tide in
umn and sediment will be collected from cooperation with the New Jersey Shellfish
points upstream and downstream of the Program, NOAA, and the USEPA. Analysis is
Imperial Oil outfall. for phytoplankton, chlorophyll "a", and
related parameters on 14 stations, once per
USEPA Freshwater Chronic Toxicity month.
Testing Project: The USEPA has let a
contract to a NJ certified laboratory for the USGS/NJDEP Hopewell-Pennington
performance of chronic toxicity tests. Each Basin Study: This study is to characterize
of six sites is being 24-hour composite present ambient water quality conditions of
sampled (unchlorinated final effluent) Stony Brook, Bedens Brook, and Jacobs Creek
three separate times. Bioassays will be using biological data. A report will be writ-
performed to determine the toxicity of the ten based on data from 135 macroin-
effluent. vertebrate samples and 48 periphyton
samples.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and
Sedimentation in Newark Bay and the Pinelands Biomonitoring Intensive
Passaic and Hackensack Rivers: This Survey: This project involves the sampling
project, being conducted by the NJDEP's and analysis of periphyton and macroin-
Division of Science and Research, involves vertebrates. Samples are to be taken at 20
the tracing of contamination offsite from a stations, two times per year.
Superfund site. Both sediment cores and
biota (lobsters and blue crabs) are being Toxic Database Biomonitoring Data
studied. Collection: This project involves sampling
and analysis for macroinvertebrates and
New Jersey Fisheries Toxic Mon- fish at 10 stations, 2 times per year.
itoring Program: This project is a coordi-
nated effort between the Division of Water USEPA Basic Water Biomonitoring
Resources; the Division of Fish, Game and Program: This study includes sample col-
Wildlife; and the Division of Science and lection, analysis, and reporting of peri-
Research. The project involves the moni- phyton and macroinvertebrate data for 30
toring of levels of polychlorinated stations, 2 times per year.
biphenyls and organochlorine pesticide
residues in select finfish collected from New USEPA Bioaccumulation Project: This
Jersey waterways. Other goals of the project study is follow-up to the National Dioxin
are: to develop the necessary human health Study and seeks to determine the prevalence
risk assessments associated with consump- and concentration of selected pollutants in
tion of these species and identified levels, fish. Three to five game fish and bottom
and to evaluate the levels of these contami- feeders will be collected from ten ambient,
nants in finfish over time in order to make undisturbed or industrial discharge areas,
any necessary changes to the existing advi- identified as to species, sized, weighed and
sories, bans, and prohibitions to protect the analyzed for seventy parameters. The
fish-consuming public. parameters include priority pollutants,
non-conventional pollutant pesticides in ef-

V-15

fluents, the Carcinogen Assessment Group's ii. Southern
List of carcinogens, semi-volatile organic
compounds identified in human adipose tis- Mullica River Basin: This study is to
sue, and additional chemicals evaluated by determine water quality in the Pinelands
the International Agency for Research on Regional Growth Area of Winslow Township,
Cancer. Waterford Township, and Chesilhurst in
Camden County. The data will be used to as-
Barnegat Bay Study: This project in- sess impacts associated with several wastew-
volves the study of Bamegat Bay, one of the ater disposal strategies designed to serve
largest back barrier estuaries in New future development of the Pinelands. Nine-
Jersey. The study, which is to be conducted teen sites along eleven streams will be
by the Division of Science and Research, monitored for streamflow, specific conduc-
includes various components as follows: tance, pH, DO, total alkalinity, N02-N,
NO2+NO3-N, NH3+NH4-N, TKN, ortho P, total
- an investigation of the fate and effects of p, TSS, TDS, and TOC.
marina-associated pollutants on commer-
cially important fish and shellfish in Four Mile Branch: This study is to deter-
Barnegat Bay, mine whether the Surface Water Quality
Standards are being met upstream and
- eutrophication and nutrient loading in downstream of the Winslow Township
Barnegat Bay sewage treatment plant. Four stations will
be sampled five times within a thirty day
- development of a critical pathways analy- period for: temperature, DO, pH, NH3+NH4-
sis for the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating N, total P, fecal coliform, fecal strep, TSS,
Station using the hard clam Mercenaria TDS, turbidity, BOD5, chloride, TRC, and
mercenaria. sulfate. The data is needed to determine the
condition of the stream prior to facility
4. Intensive Surveys/Special Studies upgrade.

i. Northern Tidal Tuckahoe River: This project
involves coordination and assistance to the
Upper Delaware River Bacterial Atlantic and Cape May County Health De-
Study: This is a cooperative project be- partments in studying high bacteria levels
tween the DRBC and the State of Penn- in the Tuckahoe River. Twenty-nine sta-
sylvania to try to determine the sources of tions will be sampled four times per month
high levels of fecal coliform discovered on between June and September for: tempera-
the upper portion of the Delaware River ture, pH, fecal coliform, and fecal strep. Dye
during sampling conducted by the Delaware testing will be conducted in areas with high
River Basin Commission in 1987. bacteria concentrations to determine the
sources.
Hances Brook: This study is to determine
whether State Surface Water Quality Stan- Navesink River Stormwater Survey:
dards are being met upstream and down- The purpose of this study is to measure fecal
stream of the Diamond Hill Estates sewage coliform concentrations over time in
treatment plant. Four stations will be sam- stormwater outfalls to the Navesink River.
pled five times within a thirty day period Selected stormwater outfalls will be sampled
for: temperature, DO, pH, NH3+NH4-N, total P, when storm events begin and at short in-
fecal coliform, fecal strep, TSS, TDS, turbid- tervals thereafter to establish concentra-
ity, BOD5, chloride, TRC, and sulfate. tion versus time curves. The data will be
used to evaluate stormwater impacts to the
Navesink River.

V-16

iii. Coastal NJPDES Compliance Sampling: This is a
continuing program of 24 hour compliance
Coastal Bloom (Green Tide) Study: This sampling at selected NJPDES permittees
program seeks to monitor near shore coastal throughout the State to determine their
waters from Atlantic City to Ocean City to compliance with permit conditions.
determine the physiochemical conditions
required for the development of Gyro- DRBC Compliance Sampling: This is a
dinium aureolum blooms. Eighteen stations cooperative 24 hour sampling program
will be sampled weekly for: temperature, DO, carried out under a contract with the
salinity, N02-N, NO2+NO3-N, NH3+NH4-N, Delaware River basin Commission on
ortho P, total P, phytoplankton count, and facilities located in the Delaware River
chlorophyll "a". drainage system.

Floatables Study: The phased analysis of Industrial Pretreatment 24 Hour
the floatables in the coastal waters was ini- Sampling Program: This program in-
tiated to determine the character and qual- volves the sampling of certain municipal
ity of floatables. Sixteen representative sewage treatment plants to determine what
beaches will be sampled after the highest impact industrial effluents are having on
predicted tide in April, after a significant municipal treatment systems.
rainfall, and during a dry period of normal
tidal ranges. From the sampling and subse-
quent indexing, priority beaches will be
selected for focused drogue tracking for
potential and verified sources of the
floatables.

Chlorination Study of the Ocean
Health Study: The Departments of
Environmental Protection and Health are
conducting the Ocean Health Survey. A sub-
study will evaluate the efficacy of current
wastewater treatment and ocean discharge
of the wastewater. The effects of chlorina-
tion on sewage microbes and ocean disper-
sion of the effluent plume are the focal
point.

Toms River Study: Survey of the Toms
River estuary to determine the extent and
causes of the bacteria contamination of the
public bathing area.

iv. Statewide

Lakes Management Program: This is a
sample collection program from twenty
public lakes throughout the State. The lakes
studied are primarily those having high
recreational usage. Samples are analyzed
for nutrients, turbidity, algae, and possibly
coliforms.

V-17

E. Surface Water Rating System theory the index does go up to 100 as stated
previously, values calculated up till now
The 1982 Now Jersey 305(b) Report con- have not exceeded fifty. The index results
tained a Surface Water Rating System which from the 1986 report were utilized in the fee
was designed to give a comparative assess- formula for all NJPDES permits.
ment of water quality and water uses in 29
individual or grouped watersheds. Results Potable water supply points are based on the
from this rating system have been utilized amount of surface waters diverted for this
in the State's Construction Grants Project purpose during the period 1983 to the fall of
Priority System and List and the NJDEP's 1985. Fisheries points are assigned on the
Municipal Management Strategy. However, basis of fishes (both cold and warm-water
the rating system had a number of limita- types) stocked in the segment from 1982 to
tions, as was discussed in the State's 1984 1984 by the Division of Fish, Game and
305(b) Report. These limitations included: Wildlife. The percentage of open, special
1) the potential for water quality/uses to be restricted, and seasonally classified shell-
restored was not included; 2) ratings were fish harvesting areas in a coastal/estuarine
generated for only 29 segments statewide segment serves as the basis for shellfish-
and therefore reflected generalized areas; eries points. The number of bathing
and, 3) much of the previous water use in- beaches in a segment is utilized for assign-
formation failed to accurately reflect true ing swimming points to a segment.
water use.
Each of the four components in the Water
The 1984 305(b) Report described plans* for Use Index receives 0 to 25 points and is
updating and refining the Surface Water based on the percentage of a given water
Rating System so as to alleviate the weak- use in a segment compared to the segment
nesses outlined. Among the changes made with the greatest use. For instance, the
were breaking the State into nearly 150 Middle South Branch Raritan River has re-
small watersheds which were evaluated sep- ceived from 1982 to 1984 the greatest
arately, employing a new methodology for amount of stocked fish of all waters of the
determining the Water Quality Index, and State, and therefore, is assigned 25 fisheries
gathering additional information on the points. The Lamington River has stocked in
suitability of waters for recreation in and it approximately one-fifth as many fish as
on the water, and the healthiness of a the Middle South Branch, and gets a fish-
stream's fish community. eries rating of 5.

The Surface Water Rating System presented Additional or supplemental information was
in the 1986 report reflected the changes collected for the rating system which is not
outlined above, as well as updated data. This used in the quantitative ratings. As was dis-
system is also used in this report. Table V-4 cussed in the 1984 305(b) Report qualitative
presents the results of the Surface Water information such as the potential for use
Rating System with updated water quality restoration or the condition of an aquatic
indices through 1987. Each segment con- system, is also necessary to fully assess a
tains a Water Quality Index and a Water Use waterway and prioritize water quality man-
Index, both having a scale from 0 to 100. agement activities. The Division of Fish,
The Water Quality Index is based on the samne Came and Wildlife completed a question-
Water Quality Index described in Chapter naire regarding the quality of fish commu-
111.1 - Water Quality Inventory, and used to nities in the State's streams. The question-
assess ambient water quality conditions in naire also reviews where water quality has
monitored waterways. The Water Use Index degraded existing fisheries. This informa-
incorporates information on potable water tion was utilized in the individual watershed
supplies, freshwater fisheries, shellfish- assessments in Chapter III. The Green Acres
eries, and bathing beaches. Although in Program also provided information on
where park facilities have been constructed

v- 18

or are planned, and those that contain wa-
ter-based recreational activities.

A detailed analysis of water quality and re-
sources for the State's shellfish producing
waters is currently being performed. This
study is determining the potential for water
quality restoration where conditions are
degraded, and where the shellfish resource
is commercially and recreationally valu-
able. Results of the study will be used in as-
sessing coastal development permits and
prioritizing restoration activities.

The Surface Water Rating System will con-
tinue to be applied to certain water quality
management activities, as needed. In addi-
tion, the system will undergo futher re-
finement and updating as better informa-
tion becomes available. When developing a
system for rating surface waters, many
factors that are both quantitative and qual-
itative, appear to be necessary for a good,
workable system. However, meshing these
factors together into a single "rating" or
measure is difficult. As such, the Water
Quality Index and Water Use Index can only
be considered as an initial evaluation.
Further and more detailed analysis is then
necessary.

V-19

TABLE VA4 RESULTS OF THE SURFACE WATER RATING SYSTEM

WATER QUALITY WATER USE
SEGMENT INDEX INDEX

- Wailkill River Basin
Upper Wallkill River 20 1 2
Papakating Creek 35 4
Black Creek 32 6
Lower Wallkill River 23 1

- Upper Delaware Basin
Mill Brook N.A. 3
Delaware Tribs. (Sussex Cnty) N.A. 0
Little Flat Brook N.A. 2
Big Flat Brook 7* 5
Flat Brook 12 1 5
Van Campens Brook/Dunfield Creek N.A. 0
Swartswood Lake N.A. 6
Upper Paulins Kill 39 1 1
Lower Paulins Kill 17 1 2
Delawanna Creek N.A. 1
Upper Pequest River 29 5
Bear Creek N.A. 1
Lower Pequest River 19 1 4
Upper Musconetcong River 17 25
Lower Musconetcong River 28 20
Beaver Brook 21* 2
Delaware Tribs. (Warren Cnty) 21 2
Lopatcong Creek 51* 1
Pohatcong Creek 37 8
Delaware Tribs. (Hakihokake Creek to Warford Creek) 30* 1
Delaware Tribs. (Lockatong Creek to Wickecheoke Creek) 29 1
Delaware Tribs. (Alexauken Creek to Gold Run) 24* 2
Upper Assunpink Creek 16 1
Lower Assunpink Creek 54 2
Delaware River Zone 1A 6 2
Delaware River Zone lB 13 2
Delaware River Zone 1C 15 9

- Lower Delaware Basin
Upper Crosswicks Creek 80* 0
Mid-Crosswicks Creek 24 2
Doctors Creek 32 0
Lower Crosswicks Creek (w/ Duck Creek) 25 2
Blacks Creek 48* 0
Crafts Creek and nearby Delaware Tribs. 38* 2
Assiscunk Creek 36* 0
Upper North Branch Rancocas Creek 14 0
Cranbury/Mt. Misery Brooks 44 1
Lower North Branch Rancocas Creek 16 1
Upper South Branch Rancocas Creek 20 1
South West Branch Rancocas Creek 30 7

N.A. = No ambient water quality data available
* = Water Quality data from before 1985

V-20

TABLE V-4 Continued

WATER QUALITY WATER USE
SEGMENT INDEX INDEX

Lower South Branch Rancocas Creek 44 0
Rancocas Creek - Mainstem 36 1
Swedes Run and Pompeston Creek N.A. 1
Pennsauken Creek 65 1
Cooper River 68 1
Big Timber Creek and Woodbury Creek 27 4
Mantua Creek 26* 1
Repaupo Creek 30 1
Raccoon Creek 16 3
Oldmans Creek 20 2
Delaware Tribs. (Upper Salem County) 29 2
Upper Salem River 35 1
Lower Salem River 35 1
Delaware Tribs. (Central Salem County) N.A. 0
Alloways Creek N.A. 1
Stow Creek N.A. 0
Upper Cohansey River 38 2
Lower Cohansey River 47* 1
Back, Cedar, and Natuxent Creeks 12 1 2
Dividing Creek 14 8
Still Run 9 2
Scotland Run 9 1
Upper Maurice Run 7 3
Muddy Run N.A. 1
Maurice River/Union Lake 18 4
Mid-Maurice River 24 1
Manantico Creek N.A. 0
Manumuskin Creek 24 1
Lower Maurice River 34 0
East and West Creeks 14 1
Dennis Creek 13 2
Delaware Bay Tribs. (Cape May County) 11 1
Delaware River Zone 2 23 4 1
Delaware River Zones 3 & 4 72 0
Delaware River Zone 5 38 0
Delaware Bay Zone 6 27 24

- Passaic River and Hackensack River Basins
Elizabeth River (incl. Morses Creek) 59 1
Rahway River 38 9
Arthur Kill, Kill Van Kull,
Newark Bay, Upper N.Y. Harbor,
Bound Creek 56 0
Upper Passaic River 40 6
Mid-Passaic River-New River to Pompton River 70 0
Whippany River 61 3
Rockaway River 28 33
Pequannock River 12 1 9

N.A. = No ambient water quality data available
* = Water Quality data from before 1985

V-21

TABLE V-4 Continued

WATER QUALITY WATER USE
SEGMENT INDEX INDEX

Wanaque River 3 4
Ramapo River 32 30
Pompton River 20 8
Mid-Passaic River-Pompton River to Garfield 38 4
Lower Passaic River 69 1
Saddle River 69 4
Upper Hackensack River 19 4
Lower Hackensack River 49 2 1
Hudson River and Minor Tribs. 47 1

- Raritan River Basin
Lamington River 23 6
Upper North Branch Raritan River 22 6
Lower North Branch Raritan River 15 4
Upper South Branch Raritan River 20 1 4
Middle South Branch Raritan River 19 2 8
Neshanic River 54 1
Lower South Branch Raritan River 18 2
Upper Millstone River 41 0
Stony Brook 31 5
Lower Millstone River 27 3
Lawrence Brook 23* 5
Manalapan Brook 21 1
Matchaponix Brook 30 1
South River 17* 3
Upper Raritan River 17 26
Raritan River 31 2
Raritan Bay and Tribs. 23 1 2

- Atlantic Ocean Basin
Navesink River 32* 20
Shrewsbury River 23 12
Shark River 9 27
Manasquan River 31 13
North Branch Metedeconk River 27* 3
South Branch Metedeconk River 22* 3
Metedeconk River N.A. 5
Kettle Creek and North Barnegat Bay 21 * 25
Upper Toms River 25* 2
Ridgeway Branch 29* 1
Lower Toms River 14 3
Cedar Creek 15* 1
Central Barnegat Bay and Tribs. 10 29
Forked River 18* 1
Oyster Creek and Central Barnegat Bay 20* 3 3
Mill Creek, Cedar Run, Westecunk Creek
and Lower Barnegat Bay 21* 29
Tuckerton Creek and Little Egg Harbor 16* 25
Batsto River 6 1

N.A. = No ambient water quality data available
* = Water Quality data from before 1985

V-22

TABLE V-4 Continued

WATER QUALITY WATER USE
SEGMENT INDEX INDEX

Upper Mullica River 5 2
Mid-Mullica River 51 2
Oswego River 5 1
West Branch Wading River 4 0
Lower Mullica River 10 19
Great Bay N.A. 25
Upper Great Egg Harbor River 57 0
Mid-Great Egg Harbor River 27 2
Lower Great Egg Harbor River 44 3
Patcong Creek and Lakes Bay N.A. 15
Cape May/Atlantic Tribs. 13 30
Tuckahoe River 11* 1
Doughty Creek, Reeds Bay, Absecon Bay 7 11
Absecon Bay N.A. 1

N.A. = No ambient water quality data available
* = Water Quality data from before 1985

V-23

F. Lakes Management

The Lakes Management Program has been
limited to specific restoration projects in
the last two years. These projects have been
funded by a combination of Federal, State,
and local monies. In FY87, EPA Region II
provided $265,000 for lakes restoration pro-
jects in New Jersey, while state funding of
restoration projects was $1.1 million dollars.

In 1987 the funding formula for State
funded lake restoration projects was revised
to provide a 75% State share for Phase II
Restoration projects. The formula for Feder-
ally-funded Phase II projects remains 50%
Federal, 40% State, and 10% local.

Community response to deteriorating lake
water quality varies widely. For publicly
owned water bodies, the possibility exists for
financial assistance, whether it is from Fed-
eral, State, or County agencies. However, a
major factor in awarding State grants (and
Federal, when available) is a strong local
involvement in the process. This is neces-
sitated by the mechanism of the grant
award process. A grant is made directly to
the responsible local agency, which sub-
contracts work as necessary.

For privately-owned lakes, there is no Fed-
eral or State financial assistance programs
available. Assistance is limited to dissemi-
nation of available technical information.
Many lake communities have developed
their own programs in response to symp-
toms of deteriorating water quality, with
most activities being limited to the applica-
tion of aquatic herbicides.

Future program activities are dependent
upon the funding provided. It appears that
Federal financial assistance is very uncer-
tain, leaving only the annual line item bud-
get allocation in the NJDEP budget, and spe-
cial appropriations as approved by the State
Legislature. The anticipated budget should
be adequate for a modest program of
restoration activities.

V-24

LITERATURE CITED

NJ Department of Environmental Protection. 1988. Guidance to Jurisdiction,
Information and Regulations of Wetlands in New Jersey. Division of
Coastal Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1985. New Jersey Statewide Water Quality Management Program Plan.
Division of Water Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1987a. Site Status Reports on Hazardous Waste Remediation. Division
of Hazardous Waste Management. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1987b. Testimony Before the Senate Special Committee to Study
Coastal and Ocean Pollution. Division of Water Resources.
Trenton, New Jersey.

Tiner, Jr., Ralph W. 1985. Wetlands of New Jersey. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. Newton Corner, Massachusetts

US Environmental Protection Agency. 1987. 1986 Needs Survey Report to
Congress. EPA 430/9-87-001. Washington, D.C.

OTHER REFERENCES

NJ Department of Environmental Protection. 1987. Active FY-88 Monitoring
Projects. Division of Water Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. Ambient Monitoring Program Summary. Division of Water Resources.
Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1988. FY-89 Monitoring Program. Division of Water Resources.
Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1985. Proposal to Conduct New Jersey Fisheries Toxic Monitoring
Program. Division of Science and Research. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1987. Proposed Priority System, Intended Use Plan, and Project
Priority List for Federal Fiscal Year 1988. Division of Water
Resources. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. Undated. The Barnegat Bay Study: Executive Summary. Division of
Science and
Research. Trenton, New Jersey.

Ibid. 1988. The Levels and Distribution of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF
in Blue Crabs and American Lobsters from the New York Bight. Abstract
Submitted to SETAC Ninth Annual Meeting. Division of Science and
Research. Trenton, New Jersey.

V-25

New Jersey Register. 1987. Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act Rules (Rule
Proposal). Volume 19. Number 24.

N.J.S.A. 13:9B-1 et seq. 1987. Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act.

V-26

3 6668 00001 1819