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Volume I - Report Engineering Report PENNSYLVANIA COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED SEPTEMBER 1996 Project: 2758-001 CZM Project No.: CZI:94.06PE A REPORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION PURSUANT TO NOAA AWARD NO. - NA470ZO248 This project was financed through a Federal Coastal Zone Management Grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection with funds provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies. AW MALCOW PIRNIE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS & PLANNERS Printed on Recycled Paper PENNSYLVANIA COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAI" ERIE WATERSHED SEPTEMBER 1996 Project: 2758-001 CZM Project No.: CZ1:94.06PE A REPORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION PURSUANT TO NO" AWARD NO. - NA470ZO248 This project was financed through a Federal Coastal Zone Management Grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection with funds provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies. 11 WRI Y1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED TABLE OF CONTENTS PaLe 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1-1 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA ................................. 2-1 3.0 HISTORICAL DATA/RELEVANT EXISTING INFORMATION .......... 3-1 4.0 SAMPLING/MONITORING ....................................... 4-1 4.1 DRY WEATHER SAMPLING .................................. 4-2 4.2 WET WEATHER SAMPLING .................................. 4-3 4.3 DEPTH AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS ..................... 4-5 4.4 INITIAL SAMPLING ......................................... 4-5 4.5 INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER SAMPLING ..................... 4-7 4.6 REDUCED PARAMETER SAMPLING .......................... 4-8 5.0 DATA EVALUATION ........................................... 5'1 5.1 WATER QUALITY EVALUATION ............................. 5-3 5.1.1 Dry Weather Conditions ............................... 5-3 5.1.2 Wet Weather Conditions ............................... 5-4 5.2 POLLUTANT LOADING SUMMARY ............................... 5-6 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ....................... 6-1 LIST OF TABLES Table On/Following No. Description Page 3-1 Water Quality Network Stations .................................. 3-5 3-2 Summarized STORET Data - Twelvemile Creek ...................... 3-5 3-3 Summarized STORET Data - Walnut Creek ......................... 3-5 3-4 Summarized STORET Data - Elk Creek ............................ 3-5 3-5 Summarized STORET Data - Sixteenmile Creek ...................... 3-5 3-6 Summarized STORET Data - Conneaut Creek ....................... 3-5 3-7 Phosphorus Loading Study Summary .............................. 3-7 2758-001-130 Printed on Recyc led Paper T1 RCN Y1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table On/FoIlowing No. Description Page 4-1 Sampling Summary ............................................ 4-2 4-2 Analytical Parameters .......................................... 4-3 4-3 Velocity and Depth Summary .................................... 4-4 4-4 Initially Proposed Sampling Approach ............................. 4-6 4-5 Approved USEPA Analytical Methods and Detection Limits for Inorganics . 4-7 4-6 Analytical Parameter List Reductions .............................. 4-8 5-1 Rainfall Summary ............................................. 5-1 5-2 15 Minute Rainfall Data-Rain Gauge 3 ............................. 5-1 5-3 lEstorical Precipitation ......................................... 5-2 5-4 Water Quality Criteria ...... ................................... 5-3 5-5 Pollutant Concentration Summary ................................. 5-3 5-6 Pollutant Loading Summary ..................................... 5-7 6-1 lEstorical Data Comparative Analysis .............................. 6-1 6-2 Future Monitoring Analytical Parameters ........................... 6-3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Following No. Description Page 2-1 The Lake Eric Watershed - Subwatershed Boundaries ................. 2-1 5-1 Lake Erie Basin Study Area ..................................... 5-1 5-2 Precipitation Monitor Locations .................................. 5-1 5-3 lEstorical Precipitation Frequency Curve ........................... 5-2 FIELD SAMPLING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE/ QUALITY CONTROL PLAN (Separately Bound - Volume 2) 2758-001-130 ii Printed on Recycled Paper WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) LIST OF APPENDICES (Separately Bound - Volume 3) Appendix Description A Precipitation Data B Analytical Results C Creek Cross-Section Survey Data LIST OF PLATES (Separately Bound - Volume 3) Plate No. Description Plate I Twelvemile Creek STORET Data Summary Plate 2 Walnut Creek STORET Data Summary Plate 3 Elk Creek STORET Data Summary Plate 4 Sixteenmile Creek STORET Data Summary Plate 5 Conneaut Creek STORET Data Summary RAW ANALYTICAL DATA (Separately Bound - Volume 4) 2758-001-130 Printed on Recycled Paper 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Pennsylvania Lake Erie Watershed covers 330 square miles; has 14 large subwatersheds and more than 500 individual drainage areas; and encompasses all or portions of 25 municipalities, including 10 coastal municipalities, within Erie County, Pennsylvania. The Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments, Section 6217, require that states with coastal programs develop a Coastal Nonpoint Source Control Program (CNPCP). Water quality information for watersheds within the federally assigned CNPCP management areas is needed to help quantify the effects of nonpoint source pollutants on coastal water, identify particular parameters of concern, and establish appropriate baseline conditions for future effectiveness monitoring of management measure implementation. The Erie County Department 'of Planning (ECDP), in conjunction with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP - previously known as Department of Environmental Resources), Division of Coastal Programs and the Erie County Health Department (ECHD) retained Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. to conduct a water quality survey to be used as a baseline for the Lake Erie Watershed. This survey focuses on the Elk Creek, Walnut Creek, and Twelvemile Creek subwatersheds, which together comprise approximately 44.5 percent of the entire watershed that discharges to Lake Erie in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 2758-001-130 1-1 Printed on Recycled Paper 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA The study area is comprised of the following three creek subwatersheds: Twelvemile Creek Walnut Creek Elk Creek Presented on Figure 2-1 is a map showing the approximate location of the Twelvemile Creek subwatershed boundary. This creek begins south of Route 17 and travels north towards the township of North East. Flow is then northwesterly until discharging into Lake Erie north of the Route 5 crossing. Based on a review of the Erie County Land Cover / Land Use : 2nd Rendition Draft drawing, loaned to Malcolm Pirnie by the ECDP, this creek travels mostly through agricultural cropland and forested areas. A few "agricultural: other" and 'Vrban: mixe(f 'areas are also located in the proximity of the creek. Oneareaeast of Haskell Road and south of Route 20 is identified on the land use map as being "urban: industrial commercial complexes". Presented on Figure 2-1 is also the approximate locations of the Walnut and Elk Creek subwatershed boundaries. Walnut Creek begins south of Route 90 near Old Waterford Road. This creek travels west, passing just north of the Millcreek Mall area and continuing to Fairview Township where the creek turns north and flows towards Lake Erie. The Erie County Land Cover / Land Use : 2nd Rendition Draft drawing indicates that this creek travels mostly through agricultural cropland and forested areas. There are also some "agricultural: other", "urban: mixed" and "urban: residential" areas located in the proximity of the creek. Two areas are identified as "urban: industrial commercial complexes". One is located near the Millcreek Mall area and the second is a small area near the Route 97 crossing. A tributary creek also appears to pass through an industrial commercial complex area that is bound by Routes 90 and 19, Hamot Road and Keystone Drive. Elk Creek, the largest of the subwatersheds studied, begins in Waterford Township south of South Hill Road and east of Tamarack Road. The creek flows northwesterly until crossing Elk Creek Road, where the creek heads west. Elk Creek flows west through McKean and Fairview Townships before turning north when entering Girard Township at 2758-001-130 2-1 Printed on Recycled Paper 40.9 MILE RUN 39.9 MILE RUN MCDANIEL EIGHTMILE RUN CREEK MI It3 26-9 MILE729 CREE R60 RUN NMILE GARRISON - "ei RUN.-. S6`E 1 SIXM.IkF-- CRgE I rl@ E 11.5 MILE RE I RUN 6LtqUTj, 10.0 MILE RUN 3.4 MILE 6.7 MILE RUN RUN 3.2 MILE RUN 0 r R Bri E 7r- R L-j 2758-SUBW approximately the Route 90 crossing. The creek discharges to Lake Erie after passing under Route 5. Major portions of this creek pass through agricultural cropland and forested areas. "Agricultural: other" land use designations are more prevalent along this creek than the other two. Limited "urban: mixed" areas and very few industrial commercial complexes are located in the proximity of Elk Creek, according tho the land use drawing. Elk Creek does pass to the west of two urban residential areas, namely Girard and Lake City Boroughs. 2758-001-130 2-2 Printed on Recycled Paper 3.0 HISTORICAL DATA / RELEVANT EXISTING INFORMATION In July 1995, Malcolm Pirnie gathered historical relevant water quality information for Elk, Walnut, and Twelvemile Creeks at the ECHD. Several biological/chemical studies/surveys, Storm Water Management Plans, and water quality analyses were performed on the creeks. Listed below are summaries of studies reported for each of the creeks. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (DER) changed their name in June, 1995 to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). In this section, when referring to historical information the regulatory agency will be referred to as the DER- Elk Creek A November 10, 1971 study was performed by the DER and ECHD to determine the effects of wastes from the Lake City Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) on water quality and aquatic life in Elk Creek. Two sampling stations were utilized in this study; one directly upstream and one directly downstream from the STP discharge to Elk Creek. Water quality was based on a single non-composite grab sample at each station. Benthic macroinvertebrates were also collected. The study concluded that water quality conditions upstream and downstream of the STP were good to excellent. However, a depression of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity along the right downstream bank indicated that the effluent had stratified. A strong chlorine odor indicated that chlorine residual was the cause of this depression. The study recommended that the Sanitary Engineer at the Meadville Regional Office of the DER contact the Lake City STP operator in order to determine if less chlorine could be used to achieve desired results. a Results of a second DER and ECHD study were presented in a December 13, 1979 report. The study was conducted to investigate the influence of the Lake City and Girard STPs on Elk Creek's water quality. Grab samples were collected for chemical and bacteriological analyses at four Elk Creek stations: 1) Station #1 - upstream of the Girard STP outfall, 2) Station #2 - just below the Girard ST? outfall and well 2758-001-130 3-1 Printed on Recycled Paper above the Lake City STP outfall, 3) Station #3 - well below the Girard STP outfall and just above the Lake City STP outfall, 4) Station #4 - below the Girard and Lake City STP outfalls on the north side of Route 5. The study concluded that all of the parameters tested for met DER Chapter 93 water quality standards and that there was not a serious water quality problem. 0 In November 1982, the DER Bureau ofWater Quality Management generated a report to justify effluent limitations for the Lake City and Girard STPs into Elk Creek. The report recommended using effluent limits determined using the EPA-DER Simplified Method instead of the 1980 NPDES issued permit limits. The EPA-DER method yielded a BOD, limit of 30 ppm and the 1980 NPDES permit set the BOD, limit at 30 ppm. Walnut Creek � A March 28, 1972 biological/chemical study was conducted by the ECHD to record water quality, stream conditions and determine the discharge effects from various upstream STPs on the water quality and aquatic life of Walnut Creek. Ten sampling stations were established on Walnut Creek from Zwilling Road downstream to Dutch Road. Chemical, bacteriological, and benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected. The study concluded that, in general, water quality and stream conditions for the creek were good. However, a slight degradation existed from Millfair Road upstream to Zuck Road. In this section of the creek, macroinvertebrate species diversity was low. There was also a slightly elevated Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD.) level of 3.5 compared to upstream (Rt. 19) and downstream (Zimmerly Road) BOD5 levels of 1.0; possibly due to discharges from individual septic systems in this section. Additional sampling was recommended. � On August 21, 1972, the ECHD performed a biological/chemicaVbacteriologicaI study to record existing water quality conditions and determine the effects of various discharges to Walnut Creek. Ten sampling stations were established on Walnut Creek from Zwilling Road downstream to Dutch Road. Macroinvertebrate and fish samples were collected at each of the ten stations. Seven chemical and eight bacteriological 2758-001-130 3-2 Printed on Recycled Paper samples were also collected. The study concluded that there was a problem area extending from Robison Road downstream to below Old French Road. Aquatic life was degraded in this region. The degradation was attributed to leachate discharges from the Jennings Landfill. Also, partially treated discharges from a malfunctioning Holiday Inn sewage treatment plant had been released into this section of Walnut Creek for a three week period prior to sampling. A fecal coliform count in excess of 2,000 was recorded at Zuck Road; possibly due to a large number of bathers present in a pool area directly upstream from the sampling point. The remaining seven stations exhibited little or no degradation of aquatic life. Chemical analysis at these stations was fair to good with the exception of the following fecal coliform counts; Dutch Road - 750 / 100 n* Zimmerly Road and Cherry Street - 490 / 100 ml. No additional actions were recommended. Another study was conducted by the ECHD on February 6-9, 1973, to record existing water quality conditions, determine the effect of leachate from Jennings Landfill on Walnut Creek, locate existing or potential pollution problems, and to evaluate the extent to which STP effluent affected water quality. Twelve sampling stations were established from Zwiffing Road to Dutch Road. Conclusions from the study indicated that water quality ranged from poor at Robison Road to very good at Dutch Road. Poor water quality was detected at Robison Road where leachate discharges from Jennings Landfill were suspected. Creek data at this location indicated elevated BOD5 (4 mg/1), total iron (0.77 mg/1), N03-N (0.71 mg/1), and suspended solids (18 mg/1) compared with data collected from other sample locations in the study. Degradation in water quality near Cherry Street and Old French Road may have been influenced by a malfunctioning Holiday Inn sewage treatment plant. The study recommended stopping unpermitted leachate discharges from Jennings Landfill and closely monitoring permitted discharges. The study also recommended upgrading STPs that discharge to Walnut Creek in violation of their permits or the removal of these STPs. IN The ECHD also conducted a biological/chemical survey on June 24, 1976, to record existing water quality conditions and determine the effects of Jennings Landfill 275MOI-130 3-3 Printed on Recycled Paper leachate on Walnut Creek. Three sampling sites were selected on the creek and five additional discharge points were sampled. The five discharge points consisted of three tributaries to Walnut Creek located near Jennings Landfill, a discharge pipe from Popp's Trailer Court Sewage Plant, and at the end of the chlorine contact tank at the Standard Trailer Court Sewage Plant. Conclusions from the study indicated that during wet weather, discharge points at the Jennings Landfill contained BOD, (612 mg/1) and high iron (24,500 ug/1). However, Walnut Creek did not appear to be heavily polluted based on data collected from the three sampling sites. The study also indicated that the Standard Trailer Court Sewage Treatment Plant discharge added significant levels of ammonia-nitrogen (28.0 mg/1) and appeared to be the prime contributor of organic pollution during dry weather. Twelvemile Creek N There was no relevant biological/chemical study data available on Twelvemile Creek during Malcolm Pirnie's July 1995 ECHD water quality information review. However, the ECHD has performed numerous water quality analyses on all three creeks. This information has regularly been provided to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) by the ECHD and is available in a database named STORET. [This is a database of sampling sites and associated water quality data that is maintained by the USEPA.] STORET information was evaluated to determine "typical valuee' for streams in the region. Attached as Plates I through 5, in the Appendix volume of this report, are spreadsheets identifying all STORET data received for water quality monitoring stations on Twelvemile, Walnut, Elk, Sixteenmile and Conneaut Creeks, respectively. STORET data was provided for the water quality network station numbers associated with each creek listed in Table 3-1. The Pennsylvania Water QualityNetwork (WQN) is a statewide, fixed station water quality sampling system operated by the Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Management. The STORET spreadsheets are color coded to identify analytical parameters which have been identified as below detection limits, exceed 2758-001-130 3-4 Printed on Recycled Paper DEP Chapter 16 Water Quality Criteria (WQC) for both long-term protection (Criterion Continuous Concentration - CCC) and short-term protection (Criterion Maximum Concentration - CMC) and exceed DEP Chapter 93 WQC. We have summarized these spreadsheets as Tables 3-2 through 3-6. TABLE 3-1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED WATER QUALITY NETWORK STA 7TONS CREEK WATER QUALITY STATIONNUMBER TWELVEMILE 641 WALNUT 603 ELK 604 SIXTEENMELE 602 CONNEAUT 643 The following Est identifies the summary table number, associated creek monitored, and dates of sample collection: a Table 3-2 Twelvemile Creek (1988-Present) Table 3-3 Walnut Creek (1973 -1987) Table 3-4 Elk Creek (1973-1987) Table 3-5 Sixteenmile Creek (1973-1987) Table 3-6 Conneaut Creek (1988-Present) Included in the list above are the dates associated with sampling activities at each of the five creeks. Sample collection was conducted quarterly prior to 1988 and monthly since 1988. In addition, an Erie County Health Department biologist has collected samples subsequent to 1987 on Walnut, Elk and Sixteenmile Creeks. Presented in Table 3-2 is the summarized STORET data for Twelvemile Creek. This is the only creek where Pesticide/PCB sample collection was reported. Most of the samples analyzed were flagged with a "K' denoting that the sample may not have been detected, or was detected below the value shown. 2758-001-130 3-5 Printed on Recycled Paper TABLE 3-2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED SUMMARIZED STORET DATA TWEL VEMILE CREEK (1988 - PRESENT) PESTICIDESMCBs INORGANICS (total) ADDMONALPARAMETERS Date number of Date number of Date number of Time minimum maximum data points Time minimum maximum data points Time minimum maximum data points alpha-BHC (ppm) 0.009 0.009 1 Aluminum (ug/L) 6 4,390 78 Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3) 18 104 85 beta-BHC 0 Antimony (ug/L) 0 1 25 Chloride 20 62 85 delta-BHC 0 Arsenic (ugIL) 0 2 24 Cyanide, free (ug/L) 1.000K - 16 gamma-BHC (Lindane) 0 Beryllium 0 0.14 24 Grease & Oil Grab (mg/L) 2.OOK - I Heptachlor (ppm) 0.044 0.044 1 Cadmium (ug/L) 0 0.09 25 Ammonis-Nitrogen (mgtL) 0.020 0.080 85 Aldrin (ppm) 0.005K I Chromium Total (ugtL) 0 10 25 Nitrite-Nitrogen (mgfL) 0.004 0.012 95 Heptachlor epoxide (ppm) 0.005K I Chromium VI (ug/L) lK 25 Nitrate-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.300 4,600 84 alpha-Endosulfan (1) 0 Copper (ug/L) 0.8 38 86 CBODs (mgtL) 0 Dieldrin (ppm) 0.01K I tron (ug/L) 27 6,670 79 BOD, (mg1L) 0 4,4'-DDE 0 Lead (ugtL) 0 6 75 Chemical Oxygen Demand 0 Endrin (ppm) 0.010K I Manganese (u&/L) 3.5 249 87 Fecal Coliform (#/IOOmL) 0 6,900 Is beta-Endosulfan (R) 0 Mercury (ugfL) 0.2K 0.2 24 phosphorus, total (m&/L) 0.003 0.154 85 4,W.DDD 0 Nickel (ug/L) 0 106 78 Total Suspended Solids 2 74 65 Endosulfan sulfate 0 Selenium 0 2 24 Hardness (mg/L CaCO3) 37 193 85 4,4'-DDT 0 Silver 0 0.1 24 pH(s.u-) 6.40 8.50 79 alpha-Chlordane 0 Thallium 0.03 0.30 24 Temperature VC) 0 24.9 88 beta-Chlordane 0 lZine (ug/L) 0 39 1 79 1 Conductivity 25T (micrombo) 110 485 94 Toxaphene 0 IDissolved Oxygen (mg/L 02) 7.6 14.9 87 jEndrin Aldehyde 1 0 1 Note: K - Off-scale low. Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance. TABLE 3-3 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED SUMMARIZED STORET DATA WALNUT CREEK (1973 - 1987) PES'nC11DES/PCBs INORGANICS (total) ADDMONAL PARAMETERS Date number of Date number of Date number maximum data points Time minimum maximum nts Time minimum maximum data points Time minimum data poi 01 a1pha-BHC 0 Aluminum 10 500 11 Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3) 20 139 67 beta-BHC 0 Antimony 0 Chloride 7 264 67 delta-BHC 0 Arsenic (ug/L) lK - I I Cyanide, free 0 gamma-BHC (Lindane) 0 Beryllium 0 Crease & Oil Crab 0 Heptachlor 0 Cadmium (ug(L) 3 3 12 Ammortia-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0,010 0.850 67 Aldrin 0 Chromium Total (ug/L) 10 20 14 Nitrite-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.000 0.100 66 Heptachlor epoxide 0 Chromium VI (ug/L) 0.2K - 3 Mtrate-Nitrogen (mg1L) 0.020 1,850 59 alpha-Endosulfan (1) 0 Copper (ug/L) 10 20 14 CBOD5(mg/L) 0 Dieldrin 0 Iron (ug/L) 40 1,970 71 BOD5(mg/L) 0 4,4!-DDE 0 Lead (-gfL) 38 50 12 Chemical Oxygen Demand 0 Fudrin 0 Manganese (ug/L) 10 30 10 Fecal Colifonn (#/IOOmL) 10 1,700 28 beta-Endosulfan (H) 0 Mercury (ug/L) 2 2 13 phosphorus, total (mg/L) 0.005 0.800 65 4,4'-DDD 0 Mickel (ug;1L) 20 30 9 Total Suspended Solids 1 12 23 Endosulfan sulfate 0 Selenium 10K - 2 Hardness (mg/L CaCO3) 12 238 67 4,4'-DDT 0 Silver 0 pH (s.u.) 7.00 9.50 67 alpha-Chlordane 0 Thalliurn 0 Temperature (C) 0.0 26.1 70 beta-Chlordatie 0 lZinc (ug/L) 1 10 50 1 12 1 Conductivity 25*C (micromho) 304 1,0DO 67 Toxaphene 0 IDissolved Oxygen (mg/1- 7.8 16.0 1 61 lEndrin Aldehyde 0 Note: K - Off-scale low, Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance. No PesticidefPCB analytical results available in STORET database. TABLE 3-4 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED SUMMARIZED STORET DATA ELK CREEK (1973 - 1987) PESTICIDESIPCIts INORGANICS (total) ADDITIONAL PARAWTERS umber of T;-:-n@- of Date number of Time minimum maximum data points Time -Tn-dnimum maxim t. P,@ints Time minimum maximum data points Date n Date alpha-BHC (ppm) 0 Aluminum 50 2,180 16 Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO@) 15 134 69 beta-BHC 0 Antimony 0 Chloride 6 60 67 delta-BHC 0 Arsenic (ug/L) 4K - 9 Cyanide, free 0 gamma-BHC (Lindane) 0 Beryllium 0 Grease & Oil Grab 0 Heptachlor (ppm) 0 Cadmium (ug(L) 0.2K - 13 Ammoma-Nitrogen (mg(L) 0.040 2.099 67 Aldrin (ppm) 0 Chromium Total (ug/L) 10 20 14 Nitrite-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.002 0.280 67 Heptachlor epoxide (ppm) 0 Chromium VI (ug/L) 10K - 2 Nitrate-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.030 2AOO 68 alpha-Endosulfan (1) 0 Copper (ug/L) 10 20 14 CBOD5 (-g(L) 0 Dieldrin (ppm) 0 Inon (ug/L) 60 3,290 72 BOD5(mg/L) 0 4,4'-DDE 0 Lead (ug/L) 25 25 12 Chemical Oxygen Demand 0 Endrin (ppm) 0 Manganese (ug/L) 15 180 14 Fecal Colifornt (41100mL) to 2,400 30 beta-Endosulfan (H) 0 Mercury (ug/L) 0.2K - I I Phosphorus, total (mg/L) 0.010 0.990 68 4,4'-DDD 0 Nickel (ug1L) 10 40 14 Total Suspended Solids 1 90 25 Endosulfan sulfate 0 Selenium 10K - I Hardness (mg/L CaCO3) 72 234 67 4,4'-DDT 0 Silver 0 pH (s.u.) 6.41 9.08 65 alpha-Chlordane 0 Thallium 0 Temperature CC) 0.0 29 69 beta-Chlordane 0 jZinc (ug/L) 1 10 140 1 14 1 Conductivity 25*C (micromho) 177 500 68 Toxaphene 0 lDissolved Oxygen (mg/L W 1 6 14.6 1 71 jEndrin Aldehyde 0 1 Note: K - Off-scale low. Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance. No Pesticide/PCB analytical results available in STORET database. MM M M TABLE 3-5 WATER QUALITY MONITORtNG STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED SUMMARIZED STORET DATA SIXTEENMILE CJ?EEK (1973 - 1987) PEST1CtDES/PCBs INORGANICS (total) ADDMONAL PAPANIETERS Date number of Date number of Date number of Time minimunt maximum data points Time minimum maximum data points Time minimurn maximum data points alpha-BHC (ppm) 0 Aluminum (ug/L) 30 890 15 Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3) 43 183 71 beta-BHC 0 Antimony (ug(L) 0 Chloride 9 107 72 delta-BHC 0 Arsenic (ug/L) 4K 9 Cyanide, five (ug/L) 0 gamma-BHC (Lindane) 0 Beryllium 0 Cirease & Oil Grab (mg/L) 0 Reptachlor (ppm) 0 Cadrnium ft/L) 0.2K 14 Ammoriia-Nitrogen (-g/L) 0.000 1.260 71 Aldrin (ppm) 0 Chromium Total (ug/L) 0 30 16 Nittite-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.002 0.194 70 Heptachlor epoxide (ppm) 0 Chromium VI (ug/L) 10K - 6 Ninate-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.042 13.200 69 alpha-Endosulf- (1) 0 Copper (UgIL) to 40 13 CBOD5(-gtL) 0 Dieldrin (ppm) 0 Iron (ug/L) 20 13,210 75 BOD5 (mg/L) 2 7 2 4,4'-DDE 0 Lead (ug/L) 8 56 14 Chemical Oxygen Demand 0 Endrin (ppm) 0 Manganese (ug/L) 10 430 15 Fecal Coliforin (#/IOOmL) 20 5,300 30 beta-Endosulfan (H) 0 Mercury (119/1-) LOK - 14 Phosphorus, total (mg/L) 0.020 2.100 72 4,4'-DDD 0 Nickel (ug/L) 10 40 14 Total Suspended Solids 0.05 90 23 Endosulfan sulfate 0 Selenium 10K - 2 Hardness (mg/L CaC%) 80 266 71 4,4'-DDT 0 Silver 0 pH (s-u.) 7.08 10.00 65 alpha-Chlordane 0 Thalliurn 0 Temperature (10 0.0 25.5 67 beta-Mordane 0 [Zinc (ug/L) 1 10 250 1 14 Conductivity 25-C (micrornho) 41 796 71 Toxaphene 0 jDissolved Oxygen (mg/L 02) 1 7.0 15.0 1 73 jEndrin Aldehyde 0 1 Note: K - Off-scale low. Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance. No Pesticide[PCB analytical results available in STORET database. M M M TABLE 3-6 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED SUMMARIZED STORET DATA CONNEA UT CREEK (1988 - PRESENT) PES'nCIDESWIRs INORGANICS (total) ADDMONAL PARAMETERS Date in of Date number f Date number Of ints Time Time -inimum maxim umT:ta bper minimum maximum data poinots Time nummurn maximum data points alpha-BHC (ppm) 0 Aluminum (ug/L) 135 11,110 81 Alkalinity (mg/L CaC%) 16 148 97 beta-BHC 0 Antimony (ug/L) 0 Chloride 0 delta-BHC 0 Arsenic (ugAL) 0 Cyanide, free (ug/L) 0 gamma-BHC (Lindane) 0 Beryllium 0 Cirease & 011 Grab (mg/L) 0 Heptachlor (ppm) 0 Cadmium (ug/L) 0 Ammonia-Mitrogen (mg(L) 0.020 0.240 90 Aldrin (ppm) 0 Chromium Total (ug/L) 0 britrite-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.004 0.030 97 Heptachlor epoxide (ppm) 0 Chromium VI (ug/L) 0 Nitrati-Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.040 4.580 97 alpha-Endosulfan (1) 0 Copper (ug/L) 10 47 98 CBOD5 (mg/L) 0 Dieldrin (ppm) 0 Iron (ug/L) 56 14,400 98 B0135 (mg/L) 0 4,4'-DDE 0 Lead (ug1L) 1 8 13 Chemical Oxygen Dentand 0 Endrin (ppm) 0 Manganese (ug/L) 11 630 91 Fecal Coliform (#/I 00mL) 60 60 1 beta-Endosulfan (H) 0 Mercury (ug/L) LOK - I Phosphorus, total (mg/L) 0.020 0.280 90 4,4'-DDD 0 Nickel (ugtL) 20 118 98 Total Suspended Solids 2 327 69 Endosulfan sulfate 0 Selenium 0 Hardness (mg/L CaCO3) 28 177 97 4,4'-DDT 0 Silver 0 PH(S-u-) 6.40 8.70 97 alpha-Chlordane 0 Tballium 0 Temperature ('C) 0 28.3 98 beta-Chlordane 0 lZinc; (ug/L) 11 74 1 98 1 Conductivity 250C (micromho) 81 425 94 Toxaphene 0 IDissolved Oxygen (Mg/L 02) 6.6 14.7 1 98 jEndrin AJdehyde 0 1 Note: K - Off-scale low. Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance. No Pesticide/PCB analytical results available in STORET database. In each of the creeks a number of inorganic parameters were found. [Note that iron has historically been analyzed 3 to 12 times more frequently than other inorganic compounds.] Inorganic parameters such as iron, lead, nickel and zinc are present in samples from all five creeks. The WQC for lead, nickel and zinc vary depending on stream hardness. Mercury exceeds the WQC value in Walnut Creek, once during the 13 samples collected between 1973 and 1987. Data from the additional parameter list indicate that fecal coliform colonies are present in each of the five creeks reporting information. These creeks contained fecal coliform colonies ranging from 0/100 ml to 6,900/100 ml. These data indicate that, historically, fecal coliform colonies have typically been found in the creeks and may be attributable to wildlife, humans, faulty sewage treatment plants or leaky septic systems. The latter two sources are less likely the source; however, since fecal coliform counts from these discharges would be expected to be significantly higher that those reported. In addition to the past biological/chemical studies/surveys performed on the creeks, a fourteen volume Storm Water Management Plan was prepared by Erie County in 1981 for all of the watersheds in Erie County, Pennsylvania which drain into Lake Erie along the Pennsylvania shoreline, using funds provided by the Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Mariagement Program and the Pennsylvania Bureau of Dams and Waterways Management. Only a small fraction of the 1981 plan was implemented, according to the ECDP (Volume 1: Technical Document and Volume 8: Sixteenmile Creek and Twentymile Creek watersheds). Planning, analysis methods, and basic approaches to watershed storm water management have changed since the 1981 plan was prepared. Because of this, a new Storm Water Management Plan has been prepared for the Lake Erie Watershed to address the Pennsylvania Storm Water Management Act 167. This plan was adopted by Erie County Council on June 18, 1996. In 1985, the Erie County Conservation District (ECCD) performed a study to locate excessive phosphorus loading sources to Lake Erie from watersheds in Erie County, PA. The study determined that the most significant nonpoint source of phosphorus pollution to Lake Erie was soil erosion from agricultural cropland. Improper manure management, over fertilizing, and nutrient runoff were secondary sources. Nutrient overloaded acreage 2758-001-130 3-6 Printed on Recycled Paper information in the Elk, Walnut, and Twelvemile Creek subwatersheds obtained from this study are presented in Table 3-7. The table indicates that the Elk Creek subwatershed area is five times the area of the next largest subwatershed and has the greatest phosphorus loadings from agricultural sources. The ECCD study also noted that many small sewage treatment plants (STPs) discharged phosphorus at levels considerably higher than permit levels required for larger plants in the Erie County subwatersheds. These small STPs, defined as operating at less than I mgd, were not required to meet effluent limitations of less than I mg/l phosphorus. Currently, these STPs are required to meet discharge limits of less than I mg/l phosphorus. The study noted that three small ST?s were located on Elk Creek from Girard to Lake City. TABLE 3-7 WATE R QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED PHOSPHORUS LOAD17VG STUD Y SUMIMR Y # of farms with 30 Nutrient Overloaded Acreage or more animals Over by Over by Over by Sub Watershed given access Fertilizer I Manure Both Total Elk Creek 15 48 164 386 598 Walnut Creek 3 so 0 50 100 Twelvemile Creek 1 0 0 0 0 Another study investigated for this report was conducted for the Crawford County Conservation District and is entitled "Conneaut Lake Water Quality and Land Use Study," November 1, 1989. While the Conneaut Lake watershed is outside the Coastal Nonpoint Program management area, the study contains useful information. The Conneaut Lake study addresses phosphorus loadings that contribute to the eutrophic condition of the lake. The study found that approximately half the phosphorus loading to the lake was from sediment release, groundwater, and precipitation. The other half was from surface runoff. No correlation between phosphorus concentrations in streams contributing to Conneaut Lake and agricultural use could be established in the study. Also, no significant relationship 2758-001-130 3-7 Printed on Recycled Paper between other land uses (residential and forest) and phosphorus concentrations could be established. The study recommended restrictive zoning and soil conservation programs to help reduce phosphorus loading runoff. 2758-001-130 3-8 Printed on Recycled Paper 4.0 SAMPLING / MONITORING Malcolm Pirnie coordinated field sampling and analytical activities to establish a water quality baseline for the Erie County, Pennsylvania area of the Lake Erie Watershed. These activities were completed during the 12-month period of June 1995 through May 1996. All samples in this survey were collected and analyzed using the procedures described in the Field Sampling and Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan (Volume 2 of this report) developed by Malcolm Pirnie for the Water Quality Monitoring Study for the Lake Erie Watershed, May 1995, revised June 1995. Laboratory analytical and sample collection activities were conducted by Church Laboratories, Inc. (Church), located in Fairview, Pennsylvania. Church is a certified full-service laboratory that also provides sample collection services. Field and analytical data recorded by laboratory personnel were used to evaluate flow characteristics and potential pollutant loadings. Throughout the course of the sampling activities, the objective was to identify those parameters having the greatest potential to affect pollutant loading to Lake Erie. Malcolm Pirnie inspected each subwatershed to select precise sampling locations that would yield representative results. These sampling stations are situated near creek discharge points, upstream of Lake Erie influences. Specifically: N The Twelvemile Creek sampling location was adjacent to a concrete retaining wall on the west side of the creek, appro)dmately 500 yards north of the Route 5 and Twelvemile Creek crossing. Access was from Shorewood Drive across Route 5 from Moorheadville Road. a The Walnut Creek monitoring location was from the south side of the bridge at the Dutch Road and Walnut Creek crossing. M The Elk Creek sampling location was on the south side of the Route 5 and Elk Creek bridge crossing. Access was from Tomes Campground. Listed in Table 4-1 is a summary of the dry and wet weather events monitored. Included are event numbers (including appropriate D for "dry" and W for "wet" designations), sampling dates, precipitation amounts and antecedent dry weather conditions. 2758-001-130 4-1 Printed on Recycled Paper TABLE 4-1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAIKE ERIE WATERSHED SAMPLRVGSUA0MRY Event Date Precipitation Antecedent Number (inches) Dry Period (days) 01D June 14,1995 NA 7.0 02W Aug. 11, 1995 1.06 5.9 03W Sept. 20, 1995 0.44 6.3 04D Oct. 3, 1995 NA 11.0 05W Oct. 5, 1995 1.67 2.0 06W Nov. 7,1995 0.52 2.6 07W Nov. 11, 1995 1.92 3.0 08W April 12,1996 0.70 7.8 09W April 30,1996 0.71 1.0 low May 9,1996 0.77 4.0 NA - Not Applicable D = Dry Event W Wet Weather Event As noted above, several different precipitation events were captured. Wet weather events monitored reflect approximately 0. 5 inch, 0. 75 inch, 1. 0 inch, 1. 5 inch and nearly 2. 0 inch rainfalls. Even the three nearly 0.75 inch precipitation events differ due to the antecedent dry weather conditions. The day before event 09W, creek levels may have elevated slightly due to light shower activity. The antecedent dry weather periods between events 10W and 08W are nearly double. This data demonstrates that a wide range of precipitation events were captured during this study. 4.1 DRY WEATHER SAMPLING Dry weather sampling activities were conducted utilizing procedures specified in the Field Sampling and Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan developed by Malcolm Pirnie for this study. The Plan required a minimum of 48 to 72 hours of antecedent dry weather 275"01-130 4-2 Printed on Recycled Paper conditions preceding the collection of these samples. As noted on Table 4- 1, the antecedent dry period for the two dry weather sample events was 7 days (event 0 1 D) and nearly I I days (event 04D). The first dry weather event samples were analyzed for the Table 4-2 list of specified parameters. All analytical tests were performed on total analyte fractions. No dissolved samples were analyzed. The water quality criteria for these parameters are listed in: TITLE 25. RULES AND REGULATIONS PART 1. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Subpart A. PRELIN[INARY PROVISIONS ARTICLE 11. STATEMENTS OF POLICY CHAPTER 16. WATER QUALITY TOXICS and, TITLE 25. RULES AND REGULATIONS PART 1. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Subpart C. PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES ARTICLE H. WATER RESOURCES CHAPTER 93. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS During the first dry weather sampling event, Malcolm Pirnie verified the accuracy of velocity meters that were to be used in this study. The travel times of flotation devices (i.e., oranges) over a predetermined known distance in the creek were recorded with a stopwatch. This information was then compared to the data obtained from velocity meters. Based on the results of this test, the floatation device method of measuring creek velocity was used throughout the study at all three creeks, 4.2 WET WEATHER SAMPLING A minimum of 48 to 72 hours of antecedent dry weather conditions preceded 0 wet weather sampling activities except during event 09W. This event followed a day of light showers that was preceded by three days of antecedent dry weather conditions. PLainfall 2758-001-130 4-3 Printed on Recycled Paper TABLE 4-2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED ANAL YFICAL PARAAMTERS Title 25. Rules and Regulations .Title 25. Rules and Regulations Part L Department of Environmental Resources Part L Department of Environmental Resources Subpart A. Preliminary Provisions Subpart C. Protection of Natural Resources Article IIL Statements of Policy Article IL Water Resources Chapter 16. Water Quality Toxics Chapter 93. Water Quality Standards Test Parameters Test Parameters Antimony Aluminum Arsenic Alkalinity Beryllium Ammonia Nitrogen Cadmium Bacteria/Fecal Coliform Chromium Total Hardness Chromium VI Iron Copper Manganese Lead Nitrite - Nitrogen Mercury Nitrate - Nitrogen Nickel Chloride Selenium Oil and Grease Silver CBOD3 Thallium. Total Suspended Solids Zinc Phosphorus Cyanide (free) COD Pesticides: Field Measurements: Aldrin Dissolved Oxygen alpha-BHC pH beta-BHC Temperature gamrna-BHC (Lindane) Conductivity delta-BHC alpha-Chlordane gamma-Chlordane 4,4'-DDT 4,4'-DDE 4,4'-DDD Dieldrin alpha-Endosulfan beta-Endosulfan Endosulfan Sulfate Endrin Endrin Aldehyde Heptachlor Heptachlor Epoxide Toxaphene Note: Allgarameters analwed are total anajyte�:actiow. 275MOI-130 Printed on Recycled Paper intensity and duration, time of travel, and estimated flows were factors used to determine when wet weather sampling was conducted. Event specific creek velocities were measured as described in the following section. Table 4-3 summarizes the average velocity and depth of flow for each monitored event at Twelvemile, Walnut and Elk Creeks. TABLE 4-3 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAIKE ERIE WATERSHED VELOCITYAND DEP7N SUADMRY Twelvemile Creek Walnut Creek Elk Creek (7.8 miles) (16.9 miles) (28.8 miles) Depth at Depth at Depth at Average Sample Average Sample Average Sample Velocity station Velocity Station Velocity Station Event (ftJsec.) (ft.) (ftisec.) (ft.) (ftjsec.) (ft.) OID 0.50 0.73 2.47 0.51 1.41 0.71 02W 4.49 1.71 4.26 0.90 1.46 2.85 03W 0.73 0.69 2.14 0.42 1.02 NAM 04D 0.21 0.42 1.39 0.39 0.73 1.93 05W 3.22 1.25 4.45 1.45 2.81 2.54 06W 5.40 1.67 3.81 0.78 3.79 2.72 07W 10.20 3.17 7.07 2.09 8.50 5.64 08W 4.53 1.78 3.47 0.71 2.70 2.59 09W 7.17 2.50 6.10 1.73 6.50 6.17 1 OW 5.50 2.00 8.23 2.58 5.83 8.00 NA - Not Applicable NAM - Not A ble to Measure Note: Assumes uniform distribution of average rainfall, monitored by seven City of Erie precipitation gauges, across all three subwatershe,*. 275"01-130 4-4 Printed on Recycled Paper 4.3 DEPTH AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS Procedures for collecting depth and velocity measurements were developed following initial visits to the selected sample sites. Based on an evaluation of the sample collection location, the number of depth and velocity measurements required during each "round" of sampling was determined. During each round of sampling, the orange velocity test was performed three times. The oranges were released in what visually appeared to be the "normal flow" section of each creek. We attempted to complete the flotation tests away from swirling eddys and quiescent areas of the creeks. The flotation test was conducted a series of three times. An average of the three measurements was assumed to be the representative velocity for the creek being sampled and is reported in Table 4-3. Depth measurements were acquired from Twelvemile and Elk Creeks by setting a surveying rod on the creek bottom and measuring the water's depth each time grab samples were collected. The average of these three measurements was calculated and recorded in Table 4-3. A water level indicator was used to measure water surface elevation with respect to the Dutch Road bridge crossing at up to ten locations across Walnut Creek. Access at Twelvemile and Elk Creeks did not allow this type of measurement. A survey crew was hired to measure the distance between the creek bed and the bridge crossing at each station. The difference of these two measurements is the depth of the water. Measurements were collected during each of the three grab sample times for each event. The average depth is reported in Table 4-3. 4.4 INITIAL SAMPLING Table 4-4 illustrates the overall sampling program approach utilized in this study. On June 14, 1995, three grab samples of equal volume were collected over a 6-hour period of time at each location, composited by the analytical laboratory, and tested for the complete parameter list (see Table 4-2), except as footnoted in Table 4-4. The approved USEPA methods and detection limits used by the laboratory to analyze the parameters are listed in 2758-001-130 4-5 Printed on Recycled Paper Table 4-5. The analytical results of this dry weather sampling event were used as a baseline for the study. In addition, one round of wet weather samples were collected at all three monitoring locations and analyzed for the full Est of parameters on August 11, 1995. Sample collection was conducted as described in section 4.2 during the storm events. TABLE44 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED 17VITL4LL Y PROPOSED SAMPLEVG APPROA CH Initial Monitoring (Spring and Summer Season): I Event (dry) 6-hour composite - Full list of parameters I Event (wet) 6-hour composite - Full list of parameters Intermediate Reduced Parameter Sampling (Spring and Summer Season): I Event (dry) 6-hour composite - Initial parameters-of-interest 3 Events (wet) 6-hour composite - Initial parameters-of-interest Reduced Parameter Sampling (Fall Season): 4 Events (wet) 6-hour composite - Final parameters-of-interest Note: As detailed infield sampling and Quality AssurancelQuality Control Plan (Volume 2), one grab sample was collected during Round 2 of each event and analyzedfor thefollowing parameters: Fecal Coliform Oil and Grease Cyanide (free) Three individual grab samples were collected during each of the three sample rounds of each event, analyzed and the results averaged to obtain the composite Chromium 1/7 value. Three individual grab samples were collected during each ofthe three sample rounds of each event, composited in the laboratory and one single analysis performed on each composite.for all other non-field tested parameters. 2758-001-130 4-6 Printed on Recycled Paper TABLE 4-5 WATER QUAL][TY MONITORING STUDY FOR TBE LAKE ERIE WATERSBED Approved USEPA Analytical Meth ods and Detection Lbnitsfor Inorganics Parameter Analytical Method Detection Method Limit mX4 Aluminum 202.1 0.1 Antimony 204.2 0.003 Arsenic 206.2 0.001 Beryllhun 210.1 0.005 Cadmium 213.2 0.0001 Chromium 218.1 0.05 Chromiuln, hexavalent 218.4 0.01 Copper 220.2 0.001 Iron 236.1 0.03 Lead 239.1/239.2 0.1/0.001 Manganese 243.1 0.01 Mercury 245.1 0.0002 Nickel 249.1 0.04 Selenium 270.2 0.002 Silver 272.2 0.0002 Thallium 279.1/279.2 0.1/0.001 Zinc 289.1 0.005 4.5 INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER SAMPLING After the initial dry and wet weather event sampling and analysis, a meeting was held with representatives of the ECDP, DEP, ECDH and Malcolm Pirnie to evaluate parameter concentrations with respect to: Presence above detection limits. lEstorical presence above detection limits. 0 Potential pollutant loading to Lake Erie. 2758-001-130 4-7 Printed on Recycled Paper The fall parameter list was reduced based on these criteria. Pesticides, off and grease and free cyanide were deleted from the list of parameters. All inorganic parameters remained on the analytical list pending further evaluation of analytical data by ECHD and DEP representatives. 4.6 REDUCED PARAMETER SAMPLWG Following the second wet weather sampling event another meeting was held with representatives of the ECDP, DEP, ECDH and Malcolm Pirnie to evaluate parameter concentrations with respect to: 0 Frequency of presence above detection limits. N Existing water quality standards. 0 Potential pollutant loading to Lake Erie. Based upon these criteria, the intermediate parameter list was further reduced for future sampling efforts. The objective was to concentrate sampling efforts on those parameters which have the greatest potential impact on pollutant loadings to Lake Erie. The inorganic parameters, Antimony, Beryllium, Chromium VI, Mercury, Selenium and Thallium were deleted from the analytical parameter list (see Table 4-6). TABLE 4-6 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED ANA L FTIC,4 L PA RAMETER LIST RED UCTIONS Sampling Round Sampling Event Parameters Deleted from Full List Initial 01D, 02W N/A Intermediate 03W Pesticides, Oil & Grease, Free Cyanide Final 041), 05W, 06W, 07W, 08W, Pesticides, Oil & Grease, Free Cyanide, 09w, low Antimony, Berylliuni@ Chromium VI, Mercury, Selenium, Thallium 2758-001-130 4-8 Printed on Recycled Paper 5.0 DATA EVALUATION During the course of the sampling period, precipitation information was collected from seven rain gauges located throughout the City of Erie, Pennsylvania. These rain gauges were used to indicate the frequency and magnitude of storm events affecting flows in Twelvemile, Walnut and Elk Creeks. The precipitation monitor locations are identified on Figure 5-1 with respect to each creek location. Figure 5-2 is an enlargement of the City of Erie and illustrates specific rain gauge locations. A summary of each individual precipitation monitor rainfall is presented in Table 5-1. This information is presented in graphical format on an annual basis for each rain gauge in Appendix A of this report. Monthly precipitation tables for all rain gauges are also located in Appendix A. Precipitation data for all seven rain gauges are available in 15-minute tabular format at the City of Erie Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW). Table 5-2 illustrates this data at rain gauge 3 (RG3) for events 06W (November 7, 1995) and 07W (November 10-11, 1995). As shown in this table, precipitation during event 07W began late on November 10, 1995 and continued into November 11, 1995. Therefore, the sum of both days precipitation was added to reflect the total rainfall for the event. The actual monitored precipitation associated with each wet weather event and the corresponding antecedent dry period is presented in Table 4- 1. Antecedent dry periods were calculated by averaging the number of rain-free days prior to a wet weather sampling event at all seven rain gauges. The antecedent dry period for event 09W is listed as 1.0 day in Table 4- 1. Tlus event was preceded by one day of light rainfall which was preceded by three days of dry weather conditions. Historical precipitation records from the Erie International Airport Weather Office were collected for a twenty year period starting in 1971. This information was collected for comparative purposes with actual monitored wet event precipitation and is presented in Table 5-3. This data is also presented graphically on Figure 5-3. 2758-001-130 5-1 Printed on Recycled Paper 4Z*15 -t-;To 00 ."--@E LV E M I L E CREEK CAST 3c S as Amb 0 00 oo@ 3k P# Q-5 z W 00 3-0 @ .-0 _e ABORCRE 4 w ALNUT 3 30 2 Alop .00@w 1 2 REENFIE CREEK - d 0 3c 3d a oooo@ ILLCR -3d @d ELK 4 SUMMIT 2. CREEK-----\ 4 IRYIEW 4 1 3 d GR --42- AYN 42*00'-- Ito) 3wd 4 Oj WATER@Omv 3d 3d d c AT crl. 5 'k I 3dj GI FORD M I T-A A SPRINGFIELO I t I - j ;.: ! 4 t 3a 4 3:b,--, 1 3 3o j.. I I @- 02 c 'PA -ISVILLE d 4 jib 3 3c iLL V1 c IUN 3d EUF co EAUT: CREEK r NIGT LE 80 corAwfo&o cotl#rr 90 2758-EBSA 3", T- 0 ------- J W c CIA . ...... ._flLTTSE3URG AVE. 0 DR. COLC RAD m AW. Ell M > rn 0 rn __4 rn (n ME RRY ;T 01) U) CA CADE S T. ..-Pox- POP -Al? T. C@ lEl RY T. ?f-rn m ck. MYR rLE V) Ln 0 S kS 3A _R S ST. 7-1 P:A HSL@ S"'A *E Sl R N T. co S IT cil, Q H D -H OL s r A iS xn PARj D T. m __,ry - - - - - - - - - - - cn ASH S WAYNE rJ co OD cli EAS A OT _rq_, i L m PA' z N) 0 rn n 0 --4;0 r>n m -0 _F_ JO ;Q ::@ rn c: - > m > r -u rri m > 0 X 10 0 -00 Z M CRANCH Ay . > M M 0 Lo0 M m K > -04 ;00 rn IARNE RD..'_` Jo 2 _1111-W L:i@ r- M0 V) ox w U) rn 0 -0 > CHA TA F A, K UN c z 70 rn "n m ;UV) 0 M cl) TABLE 5-1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED )WNFALLSUMMARY Rain Gauge 01D 04D* 02W 03W 05W** 06W 07W# 08W 09W low June14,1995 0rt.3,1995 Aug.11,1995 Sept.20,1995 Oct-5,1995 Nov.7,1995 Nov.10-11,1995 Aprill.2,1996 April30,1996 Nby9,1996 Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfiill Rainfall Rainfall Rainflill R; nfall (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) 1 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.47 1.67 0.51 1.61 0.65 0.51 0.87 2 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.43 1.44 0.49 1.80 0.87 0.67 n/a 3 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.44 1.76 0.50 2.12 0.59 0.77 0.81 4 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.00 1.76 0.59 2.14 0.86 0.73 0.64 5 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.37 1.64 0.52 2.03 0.59 0.92 0.62 6 0.00 0.00 1.13 0.49 1.75 0.54 1.87 0.63 0.68 0.81 7 0.00 0.00 1.27 0.43 1.67 0.49 1.89 n/a 0.69 0.85 average 0.00 0.00 1.06 0.44 1.67 0.52 1.92 0.70 0.71 0.77 Notes: Samples for dry weather event 04D were collected between 7:30 AM and 12:30 PM on Oct. 3, 1995. The earliest rainfall activity occurred at 4:15 PM on Oct. 3, 1995 at the 7 rain gauges and averaged 0.62 inches. Rainfall event occurred on Nov. 10 and Nov. 11, 1995 Precipitation began late on Nov. 10 and sampling started early Nov. 11. Therefore, the total rainfall is the sum of rainfall for both days. n/a - Rain gauge data not available. TABLE 5-2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED 15 MINUTE RAINFALL DATA RAIN GA UGE 3 MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY ll/D6/95 11/07/95 ll/D8/95 11/09/95 11/10/95 11/11/95 11/12/95 RAIN RAIN RAIN RAIN RAIN RAIN RAIN (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) =zx=z==z=====xzz xz @=@Zxm zx2===mZ 0:00 :15 :30 :45 0.01 1:00 0.01 :15 :30 0.02 :45 0.02 0.03 :15 0.03 2::3,00 0.04 :45 0.01 3:00 0.02 :15 0.03 :30 :45 0.01 4:00 0.01 :15 0.01 :30 0.01 0.01 :41 0.01 5:00 0.01 0.02 :15 0.02 0.01 :30 0.02 0.01 :45 0.03 0.02 6:00 0.04 0.01 :15 0.03 0.04 :30 0.03 0.04 :45 0.02 7:00 0.01 :15 0.01 0.01 0.01 :30 0.01 :45 0.01 8:00 0.01 :15 0.03 :30 0.03 :45 0.03 0.02 9:00 0.03 0.01 :15 0.03 :30 0.04 0.01 :45 0.03 0.01 10:00 0.01 .15 0.01 :30 0.02 :45 0.01 11:00 0.02 :15 0.01 :30 0.01 :45 0.01 TABLE 5-2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED 15 MINUTE RAINFALL DA TA RAINGAUGE3 MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY 11/06/95 11/07/95 11/08/95 11/09/95 11/10/95 11/11/95 11/12/95 RAIN RAIN RAIN RAIN RAIN RAIN RAIN (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) wwww"asallowww" vwx o"Wrimmu.sommas 12:00 0.01 0.03 :15 0.02 :30 0.02 :45 0.01 0.03 13:011 0.01 0.02 0.02 :15 0.01 :30 0.01 0.01 0.03 :45 0.01 0.02 14:00 0.02 :15 0.01 0.03 :30 0.02 :45 0.02 0.03 15:00 0.05 :15 0.01 0.03 :30 0.01 0.16 :45 0.02 0.06 16:00 0.02 0.03 :15 0.04 :30 0.02 0.03 .45 0.03 0.02 17:00 0.02 0.02 :15 0.01 0.03 :30 0.04 0.04 :45 0.01 18:00 0.01 :15 0.01 0.01 :30 0.05 0.01 :45 0.04 0.01 19:00 0.04 :15 0.01 0.01 :30 :45 20:00 0.03 ;15 0.03 0.01 :30 0.01 .45 0.01 21:00 :15 0.02 :30 0.02 :45 0.03 22:00 0.05 :15 0.06 :30 0.05 :45 0.02 23:00 :15 :30 :45 TOTAL: 0.50 0.03 0.05 0.69 1.43 Z"*Z xamo 0-0 -002 0000 TABLE 5-3 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAIKE ERIE WATERSHED HISTORICAL PRECIPITATION WATER EQUIVALENT PRECIPITATION Year 0.01" or more 0.1" or more 0.5" or more 1.0" or more 1971 167 91 21 5 1972 177 96 25 10 1973 163 80 19 6 1974. 182 107 22 6 1975 168 92 31 7 1976 175 98 26 9 1977 171 103 41 20 1978 154 77 24 5 1979 180 89 36 12 1980 159 95 28 11 1981 170 92 24 9 1982 171 110 24 10 1983 148 91 31 9 1984 179 96 24 3 1985 184 108 23 9 1986 177 93 26 9 1987 159 87 27 10 1988 171 94 21 7 1989 189 105 27 8 1990 158 98 31 12 Average 170.1 95.1 26.55 8.85 Variance 109.79 71.29 27.04 12.03 Std. Dev. 10.48 8.44 5.2 3.47 Maximum 189 110 41 20 Minimum 148 77 19 3 2758-001-130 5-2 Printed on Recycled Paper mm WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED VI-1 D11 A 'PI I-TTD17U ON 200 HISTORICALP FRE01JF x 180 . ................................... ........ .................... ........... .................. ............. ......................................... ........................................ ......................................... ........ ................................. ............... . . . ............... ... ... ... ............ ... .. ........ .. ............ ..... 160 . .. . . . ........... ......... .......................................... ......................................... ......................................... ........................................ ......................................... ........ ............................... .................................. 140 120 ....... . . . ............ ...... ....... ................................ ........... ...................... ......................................... ........ ................................ ................................ .................. ...................... .......................................... ......................................... ........... ------- .......... ........... 100 .. . . ......... ....................... .................. ......................................... ........ ............................. ......................................... ................... ..................... ............ ............................ .... .............................I ......... ............................ .......................................... ................................... ...... .......................................... ......................................... ......................................... ...................... ........................ ................ ............................... 60 y -35.828Ln(x) + 7.0696 03W R' = 0.9825 40 ......... .. . ............ .. . ..... ................................. ............. .................................... .. . ........ ........................... ....................... . ......... .. .. .... ......... . ... . . ........x06W ... ....... . ................... ............ 08W low ............ .................. ........ ................................ .................................... ................................. ....................................... ................................................. ........................... ................................... .......................... .................... .................... 20 7T8, 09W 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Notes: X - td % W b ieelagmalionsaloft olgIch. Precipitation (inches) Even s , @Va@d%Vw re exces 1% WRI Y1 To determine the anticipated frequency of sampled wet weather events that occurred during the course of this study, the historical precipitation information collected at the Erie International Airport was plotted in terms of precipitation magnitude and event frequency (seeFigure5-1). The data points in Table 5-3 were fit to a second order logarithmic curve with an W--O. 98, a lower limit of 0. 0 1 inches of rain and an upper limit of 1. 0 inches of rain. The precipitation magnitude for each sampled event was then plotted on the curve. Figure 5-3 illustrates that a precipitation event with the same magnitude of 03W is expected to occur approximately 37 times every year. Likewise, an event with a similar magnitude to 06W may occur approximately 30 times and an event similar to events 08W, 09W and I OW may occur about 17 to 20 times a year. Wet weather events 02W, 05W and 07W are not illustrated on Figure 5-3 as precipitation associated with these events exceeded 1.0 inches. However, the figure does indicate that rainfall events with magnitudes similar to 02W, 05W and 07W are expected to occur approximately 7 or less times a year based on historical information. 5.1 WATER QUALITY EVALUATION 5.1.1 Dry Weather Conditions Water Quality Criteria (WQQ and Water Quality Standards (WQS), as summarized in Table 54, were not exceeded for any parameter tested under dry weather conditions. As summarized in Table 5-5, data collected and analyzed for each of the three creeks monitored during two dry weather events indicates that there is no significant point or non-point sources of pollution along any of these creeks. The data reported during the two dry weather sampling events on June 14, 1995 and October 3, 1995 were one time grab samples. All parameters tested (i.e. pesticides/PCBs, inorganics and additional parameters) during dry weather conditions were either below detection limits or less than water quality criteria set by the DER Individual event specific data summaries are included in Appendix B. 2758-001-130 5-3 Printed on Recycled Paper Table 54 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED WATER QUALITY CRITERJA DEP CHP`r 16 WQC DEP CHP`r 93 WQS PESTICIDES/PCBs CCC CM TABLE3 (1410) (PO) (MA) CU alpha-BHC n/a n/a bela,BHC n/a n/a delta-BHC n/a n1a gamma-BHC (Lindane) 0.001 (X) Heptachlor 0.001 (X) Aldrin 0.00 1 (X) Heptachlor epoxide 0.1 0.9 alpha-Endosulfan (1) 0.056 0.22 Dieldrin 0.001 (X) 4,4'-DDE 0.001 1.1 Endrin 0.002 (X) beta-Endosulfan (11) 0.056 0.22 1,4'-DDD 0.001 1.1 Endosulfan, sulfate n/a n/a ,4'-DDT 0.001 1.1 pha-Chlordane (X) amma-Chlordane (X) oxaphcne 0.00g (X) Endrin Aldehyde n/a n/a NOTES: DEP CRPT 16 WQC Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Chapter 16 Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Substances effective March 11, 1989,19 Pa. B. 1059 DEP CHPT 93 WQS Pennsylvania Dcpament of Environmental Protection Chapter 93 Water Quality Standar& effective March 11, 1989, 19 Pa. B. 1059 CCC - criterion continuous concentration (for long-term protection) MC - criterion maximum concentration (for short-term prottcti(m) n/a - not applicable 0 , limit for Chlordane @ 0,06 pgA (X) (X) - Chapter 93 Water Quality Criteria Designated Water Use Drainage List - Lake Erie f.\uscm\millar\2785001\mWyt\paramL_lm.xis Table 54 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED WATER Q UALITY CRITERJA DEP CHPT 16 WQC DEP CHPT 93 WQS INORGANICS CCC CMC TABLE3 CU Aluminum 0. 1(96hrLC3o) I Antimony 219 1,095 Arsenic 190(As3+) 360(As3+) Berylli 0.01(96hrLC,) 0.05(96hrLCo) Ca into 0.0 1 (96hr LC,) (X) Chromium Total I I+EXP(O.819 (InH)+1.561) 16+EXP(O.819 (InH)+3.688) Chromium VI I I t6 Copper EXP(O.9545 (InH)-1.465) EXP(O.9422 (InH)-1.464) Iron 0.3 mg/I * (X) I Lead EXP(I.266 (tnH)-4.66 1) EXP(I.266 OnH).1.416) Manganese 1 M84 2 Mercury 0.2 pg1I ** (X) Nickel EXP(O.846 (InH)+-1.1645) EXP(0.846 (InH)+3.3612) Selenium 10 118/1 (X) Silver 0.2 EXP (1.72 (InH)-6.52) Thallium 0.018 0.09 7inc EXP(0.9473 (InH)+0.7614) EXP(O.9473 (InH)+0.8604) NOTES: DEP CHPT 16 WQC Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Chpt 16 Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Substances effective March 11, 1989,19 Pa. B. 1059 DEP CHPT 93 WQS =Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards effective March 11, 1999,19 Pa. B. 1059 CCC - criterion continuous concentration (for long-term protection) CMC - criterion maximum concentration (for short-term protection) Table 3 - located on pages 93.7 through 93.15 of Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards CU = Critical Use: 1) Aquatic Life; 2) Water Supply LC50 = The concentration ofpollutant in test waters that is lethal to 50% oftest organisms over a specified time period. H = Hardness This value or natural levels, whichever is greater. - in an unfil ater sample (X) - Chapter 93 Water Quality Criteria Designated Water Use Drainage List - Lake Ejic f.\users\millar\2785001\iuWyt\pwom_lm.xls Table 54 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED WATER QUALITY CRITERM DEP CHPT 16 WQC DEP CHVT 93 WQS ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS CCC CMC TABLE3 Cu Alkalinity (ragn CaC03) minimumof20 I Chlride'mg1l' 250 2 Cyanide, firce (pg4) 5 22 Grew & Oil Grab (mgA) 2 2 Ammonin-Nitrogen (NHrN). (log-'[pK7-pH]-l) Nitrite-Nitrogen (mg/1) N%+NO3=10 2 Nitrate-Nitrogen (mg/1) (as nitrogen) BODS Chemical Oxygen Demand Fecal Coliform (#/100tnl) BACI (X) 3 Phosphorus, total (P) 00 Total Suspended Solids Hardness (mg/l CaCO3) max. monthly mean of 150 pH (s.u.) 0 [field] 6.5 - 9.0 (X) I Temperature (*C) $ [field] I Conductivity (mv/cm) * [field] Dissolved Oxygen (M94 02) * [field] minimum of 5.0 1 1 @EMPT 16 WQC = Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Chpt 16 Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Substances effective March 11, 1989, 19 Pa. B. 1059 DEP CHPT 93 WQS = Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards effective March 11, 1989, 19 Pa. B. 1059 CCC - criterion continuous concentration (for long-term protection) MC - criterion maximum concentration (for short-term protection) le 3 - located on pages 93.7 through 93.15 of Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards CU = Critical Use: 1) Aquatic Life; 2) Water Supply; 3) Recreation # - colonies BAC I - MAX = geometric mean of 200/100ml based on not less than 5 samples taken over not more than a thirty-day period * [fit d] - average of the 3 grab samples measured in the field (P) - Concentrations should be limited to the extent necessary to prevent nuisance growths of algae, weeds, and slimes that are or may become injurious to any beneficial water use. (X) - Chapter 93 Water Quality Criteria Designated Water Use Drainage List - Lake Eric f.\uscn\tnillar\2785001\analyt\parmi@_lm.xls Table 5-5 Table 5-5 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY PESTICIDES/PCBs Event OID 04D 02W 03W 05W 06W 07W 08W 09W low ate June 14, 1995 Oct, 3,1995 Aug. 11, 1995 Sept. 20, 1995 April 12,1996 I Oct. 5,1995 Nov. 7, 1995 1 April 30,1996 Mav. 9,1996 Creek 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 -Mile Walnut 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Fl-k 12 Mile -Walnut Elk Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk Units (Agil) (pg/1) (pg/1) (PM) (ug/l) (119/1) (Pgil) (Pg/D (tag/b (pg/1) (99/1) ("gil) (pg/1) (pg/1) (pg/l) (pg/l) (pg/l) (PgA) (99/1) (pg/1) (PgA) (pg/l) (AgA) (pgA) (pgA) alpha-BHC 0.02 @0.02 <0.02 @0.02 <0.02 <0 beta-B14C <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0. delta-BHC <0.02 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.. gamma-BHC (Lindane) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 e0,02 <0.02 < 0.. Heptachlor @0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 @0.04 @0. Aldrin <04 <0.4 <0.4 @0.4 <04 <0.. Heptachlor epoxide <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 alpha-Endmulfan (1) <0.01 @0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 '0.01 Dieldrin @0.5 @0.5 <0,5 <0.5 <0.5 @0.5 4,4'-DDE <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 '0M <0.01 <0.01 Endrin <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 bc.-Endoulfan (11) <0.01 <0.0 I <0.01 '0.01 <0.01 <0.0 I 4,4'-DDD <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Fndosulfan sulfate <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 @0.01 <0.01 <0.01 4,4'-DDT <0.01 <0.01 '0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <O.Ot alpha-Chlordane <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 gamma-Chlordane 0.2 <0.2 <0 <0.2 <0. @.2 2 <0.2 Toxaphene, < 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <.0 < 1.0 '1.0 Endrin Aldehyde <0.0 I <0.01 .0.01 <0.01 I <0.01 <0.01 Velocity (ft.isec.)$$ 0.5 2A7 1.51 0.21 1.39 0.73 4.49 4.26 1 @46 0.73 2.14 1.02 3.22- 4.45-- 2.81** 5.40 3.81 3.79 10.2 7 8.5 4.5 3.5 2.7 7.2 6.1 6.5 5.5 8.2 5.8 Depth ft)Sl 0.73 0.51 0.71 0.42 0.39 1.93 1.71 0.90 2.85 0.69 0.42 n/d 1.25- 1.45- 2.54- 1.67 0.78 2.72 3.17 2.09 5.64 1.78 0.71 2.59 2.50 1.73 6.17 2.00 2.58 8.00 Estimated Creek Flow (cfs) 3.72 51.8 18.5 0.55 17.6 29.5 127 220 99.6 4.96 29.8 n(f 55.6 213 162 147 147 222 830 1,110 2,150 137 122 160 387 875 1,910 202 1,750 2,810 Rainfall (inches) RIF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 1.06 1.06 1.06 0.44 & 0.44 & 0.44 & L67 1.67 1.67 0.52 0.52 0.52 1.92 && 1.92 && 1.92 && 0.70 & 0.70 & 0.70 & 0.7 L 0.71 0.71 0.77 & 0.77 & 0.77 & Antecedent Dry Period (days) 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.9 9.9 9.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.3 6.3- 6.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 -2.6 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 1.0 -R 1.0 *R 1.0 -R 4.0 4.0 4.0 Notes: average of 3 measurements average of 4 measurements analyte eliminated from sampling program n/d - depth measurement not available n/f - flow could not be estimated without depth measurement & - Average of 6 min gauge measurements collected in City of Erie && - Rainfall event occurred on Nov. 10 and Nov. 11, 1995 *R - Rainfall event preceded by I day of light min preceded by 3 days antecedent dry conditions -exceed Ch ter s DEP a, 16 CCC limit CCC - for long-term protection exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC and CMC limits CMC - for short-term protection Table 5-5 Table 5-5 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY INORGANICS Event 01D 04D 02W 03W 05W 06W 07W 08W 09W low Date June 14, 1995 Oct. 3, 1995 Aug.ll,tm Sept. 20, 1995 Oct. 5, 1995 Nov. 7, 1995 Nov. 11, 1995 April 12, 1996 April 30, 1996 May 9,1996 Creek 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut I Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk Units (mg (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/1) (mgl) I (no) (mg/1) (rngA) (mg/1) (mg/1) (m8A) (mM) (._Aj (-9/1) (mg/1) (mg/l) (mg/1) (mgl) (mg/b I (mwl) (msA) (Eng/1) (-gA) (-9/1) (mg/1) Alurninum [total] <0. I <0. I @0. t @0. I @0. I <0.1 118 38.5 1.28 0.31 @0.1 0.1 0.59 @0. 1 0.56 0.76 1.51 0.21 8.59 13.10 8.20 5.28 1.67 1.35 5.07 17.48 17.95 1.09 19.03 18.18 Antimony [total] @0.003 @0.003 '0.003 Nj= JIM 5M. @0.003 @0.003 10.003 @0.003 <0.003 @0.003 Arsenic [total] @ . I sm EM Imm 000 <0.00t <0.001 -0.001 <0.001 @0.001 0.011 0,010 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 @0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.006 0,004 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.003 Beryllium (total] 0.005 <0.005 @0.005 MMENMEM -0.005 @0.005 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 EMIMM@E=EMMMEME=0M NAMEM =ME= Em M= MM Cadmium$ [total] <0.0001 <0.0001 @0.0001 <0.0001 @0.0001 <0.000 t 0.0004 0.0005 <0.0001 <0.(X)01 <0.000t <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.000 I <0.0001 @0.000 I @0.0001 <0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0001 @0.0001 <0.0001 @0.000 I <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 <0.0001 M Chromium Total $ <0.05 <0.05 @0.05 <0.05 @0.05 <0.05 0J3 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 <0.05 @0.03 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0 05 <0,05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.06 Chromium VI (uWl) <0.01 @0.01 @0.01 MEMIRM <0.01 <0.01 @0.ot <0.01 @0.01 <0.01 Im EM EM EM EM EM IBM copper 5 [total] <0.001 <0.00t <0.001 0.001 <0.001 @0.001 0.021 0.033 0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.008 0.001 0.004 0.004 <0.001 0.015 1 0.010 0.004 0.003 <0.001 0.002 OD01 0.003 <0.001 0.007 0.003 Iron [total] 0.62 0.38 0.47 <0.03 <0.03 0.06 19.50 35.50 0.82 0.15 0.13 0.09 3.14 14.40 2.23 1.63 2.54 0.23 6.92 tO.22 7 49 &95 2.16 1.95 7.12 25.87 35.64 1.29 20.22 19.87 '0.001 zwm Lead S (total] <0.001 <0.001 @0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 @0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.003 0.005 @0.001 0.003 0.002 <0.001 0.002 0.001 0,002 -RM mom Manganese [total] @0.01 OD1 <O.Ot 0.01 0.02 0.03 11, 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.49 0.80 0.20 011 0.65 0.79 0.50 0.15 0.07 0.05 0.13 0.45 0.42 0.05 0.30 0.25 Mere @0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 ury 1-11 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 Nickel $ [total] @0.01 O.Ot <0.01 OD2 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 V.u I U.ul 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.09 <0.01 0.02 0.02 Selenium [total] <0.002 @0.002 <0.002 @0.002 <0.002 @0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 er, S tota @0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0. 2 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.(X)02 <C <0.0002 <0.0002 @0.0002 <0.0002 <0,0002 @0.0002 Thalliurn [total] <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 '0 -0.001 <0.001 Zinc $ [total] O.Oti ,5i,v <0.0002 <0.0002 0.0002 <0.0002 0,0002 0.001 5 0. 0.67n <0.012 0.048 <0.005 0.028 0.032 <0.003 0.023 0.094 0.079 0.006 0.076 0.079 Velocity (ft./sec.)$$ 0.5 2.47 1.51 0.21 L39 0.73 4A9 4.26 1.46 0.73 2.14 1.02 3.22- 4.45** 2.81** 5.40 3.81 3.79 10.2 4.5 3.5 2.7 7.2 6.1 6.5 5.5 8.2 5.8 Depth (ft.)$$ 0.73 0.51 0.7 1 0.42 0.39 1.93 1.71 0.90 2.85 0.69 0.42 n/d 1.25** 1.45** 2.54- 1.67 0.78 2.72 3.17 1.78 0.71 2.59 2.50 1.73 6.17 2.00 2.58 8.00 Estimated Creek Flow (cfs) 3.72 51.8 18.5 0.55 17.6 29.5 127 220 99.6 4.96 29.8 n(f 55.6 213 162 147 147 222 830 J.ij 10 12,150 0.137 122 160 387 875 1,910 202 1,750 2,810 Rainfall (inches) RF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 1.06 1.06 0.44 & 0.44 & 0.44 & 1.67 1.67 1.67 0.52 0.52 0.52 1.92 && 92 && .92 && 70 & 0.70 & 0.70 & 0.71 0.7t 0.71 0.77 & 0.77 & 0.77 & Antecedent Dry Period (days) 6,0 6.0 6,0 919 9.9 9.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.6 --2.6 3.0 3.0 3.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 1.0 -R 1.0 *R 1.0 -R 4.0 4.0 4.0 Notes: S - limit based on water hardness $$ - average of 3 measurements -- - average of 4 measurements, SEVIENEEM - analyte eliminated from sampling program n/d - depth measurement not available n1- flow could not be estimated without depth measurement & - Average of 6 min gauge measurements collected in City ofEric, && - Rainfall event occurred on Nov. 10 and Nov. 11, 1995 -R - Rainfall event preceded by I day oflight rain preceded by 3 days antecedent dry conditions 210 @z exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC limit CCC - for long-term protection exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC and CMC limits CIVIC - for short-temn protection g exceeds DEP Chapter 93 limit 0 0 0 0 7 7 00" @0 000, -005 -0 '5 -l'00 1 0002 '9' 112 @0 00 0 T2 Table 5-5 Table 5-5 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS Event OID 04D 02W 03W 05W 06W 07W 08W 09W low Date June 14, 1995 Oct. 3, 1995 Aug. 11, 1995 Sept. '20, 1995 Oct. 5, 1995 Nov. 7, 1995 Nov. It. 1995 April 12, 1996 April 30, 1996 May 9. 1996 Creek 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk t2 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile @Vainut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk 12 Mile Walnut Elk Units I I mag/1)1 (mg/1) (mgA) (mnA) (mg/1) (MgA) I (M%q) (mg/o (mg/1)1 (1119/1) (039/1) (Ing/1) (me/1) mng/1) (mg/1) (mg(l) (1119/1) (mg/1) (MA (mg/1) (mg1l) (m'/]@ (_9/1) (-- ) I (ME11) (-A) (m2vl) (-9/1) ung@l) Alkalinity (mg/l CaC03) ALKI 81 140 100 88 122 108 44 165 105 79 104 98 53 122 75 30 75 55 401 31 44 97 70 33 62 40 43 45 30 Chloride 38 59 35 40 51 51 35 29 37 34 42 46 37 3? 33 38 62 41 21 37, 24 42 65 30 24 43 15 31 22 8.4 <0.005 I W "I's M Cyanide, free @0.005 '0.005 <0.005 '0005 <0.005 Am 0.5 2.0 0.4 Hz 1.2 1.3 1.6 Man 23 msl; F! Grease & Oil Grab K Nov q A.rairionia-Nitrogen 0.05 0.04 0.09 -0.01 0.02 0.11 0.19 0.33 oAo @0.01 OLOS 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.08 0. 0.06 0.20 0.12 0.11 0.04 0.12 0.16 0.42 0.09 0.07 Nitrite-NiLrogen <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 @0.01 0.01 0.06 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 <0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.14 0.20 Nitrate-Nitrogen 2.45 0.41 0.97 1.95 0.10 2.40 3.28 0.59 1.27 2.85 0.70 1.87 1.37 0.56 0.88 0,97 0.95 1.22 1.16 1A 1.36 2.05 0.71 t. 16 1.02 0.47 0.34 2.98 0.44 OA7 CBOD5 3 2 2 2 2 2 to 15 6 7 5 6 11 to 5 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 2 2 8 6 Chemical Oxygen Demand <10 <10 10 <10 <10 '10 115 125 10 '10 to 10 30 50 20 35 20 15 60 601 50 20 to <10 25 40 30 20 20 30 Fecal Coliform (#1100ml) BAC(X) 141 80 28 29 45 12 13,100 11,500 1,940 1,150 2,140 290 940 2,940 1,410 1,-.oo 330 300 10,400 5,24 4,700 198 143 9 504 792 1,116 700 10,100 6,400 phosphorus, total <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 @0.01 0.08 0.89 1.74 0.04 0.01 <0.014 0.06 0.34 1.08 0.17 0.28 0.31 010 0.94 0.91 0.79 0.36 0.15 0.14 0.32 0.78 0.95 0.01 2.08 2.30 Total Suspended Solids 2 2 2 2 4 2 680 1,508 24 4 4 2 198 892 142 134 212 24 SN -1 768 180 68 62 180 784 836 50 2,504 3,428 Hardness (mgfL CaC03) HRD 1 157 209 154 199 220 226 112 144 194 186 144 222 164 144 200 106 176 156 72 104 102 116 158 132 70 too 80 90 74 55 pH (s.u.) - pHI 8.4 8.7 9.0 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.7 7.4 7.8 8.9 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.8 8.0 7.9 8.1 7.5 7.4 8.8 7.4 6.9 Temperature (uC) 18.0 21.5 23.3 13.7 13.5 14.8 20.8 21.7 24.5 15.8 16.0 17.2 15.2 15.2 15.4 7.1 5.0 4.9 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.7 8.0 9.2 9.7 9.4 9.6 14.7 14.6 14.6 Conductivity (pS/cm) 413 553 405 486 559 598 309 332 468 426 487 544 422 393 499 291 516 413 182 1 232 331 539 347 210 338 194 266 202 125 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/I 02) * 01 5.4@ 5.4a 5.4@ 6.7 10.1 10.1 4.6@ 7.8 8.9 4,6@ 11.3 12.4 7.4 9.7 10.0 10.6 11.4 11.3 12.5 10.9 12.8 10.6 10.2 10.8 9.1 8.9 7.6 8.2 8.6 Velocity (ft./sec.)$$ 0.50 2.47 1.41 0.21 1.39 0.73 4.49 4.26 1.46 0.73 2.14 t.02 3.22-- 4,45-- 2.81- 5.40 3.81 3.79 10.20 7.0 8.50 4.53 3.47 2.70 7.17 6.10 6.50 5.50 8.23 5.83 Depth (ft.)$$ 0.73 0.51 0.71 0.42 0.39 1.93 1.71 0.90 2.85 0.69 0.42 n/d 1.25-- 1.45-- 2.54-- 1.67 0.78 2.72 3.17 2-0 5.64 1.78 0.71 2.59 2.50 1.73 6.17 2.00 2.58 8.00 Esti -Led Creek Flow (@fi) 3.72 51.8 18.5 0.55 17.6 29.5 127 220 99.6 4.96 29.8 nif 55.6 213 162 147 147 222 830 I't" 2,150 137 122 160 387 875 1,910 202 1,750 2,810 Rainfall (inches) RF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0@00 0.00 0.00 t.06 L.06 1.06 0.44 & 0.44 & 0.44 & 1.67 L67 1.67 0.52 0.52 0.52 1.92 && 1.92 1& 1.92 && 0.70 & 0.70 & 0.70 & 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.77 & 0.77 & 0.77 & Antecedent Dry Period (days) 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.9 9.9 9.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.@1 3.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 1.0 -R 1.0 -R 1.0 -R 4.0 4.0 4.0 Notes: average of the 3 grab samples S$ - uvcmgc of 3 rucasurements average of 4 measurements - analyte eliminated from sampling program @measurement considered an anomaly aid -depth measurement not available n/f - flow could not be estimated without depth measurement RF - Av@erage of 7 min gauge measurements collected in the City of Erie & - Average of 6 min gauge measure-ts collected in City ofErie && - Rainfall event occurred on Nov. 10 and Nov. 11, 1995 R - Rainfall event preceded by I day offight rain preceded by 3 days antecedent dry conditions DEP CHPT 16 & 93 Water Quality Criteria: BAC(X) - Geometric mean of not less than 5 consecutive taken over not more than a 30 day period should not exceed 200/100trd fecal coliform. ALK 11 - minimu m alkalinity - 20 mg/1 HRD - max. monthly mean = 150 ing/I pH1 - range = 6.5 to 9.0 0, - minimum @ 1,0 mgA kX) - Chapter 93 Water Quality Criteria Designated Water Use Drainage List - List X - Lake Erie NON' exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC limit CCC - for long-tam protection exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC and CMC limits CMC - for short-tam protection -exceeds DEPChapta-93 limit 5.1.2 Wet Weather Conditions PesticideslPCBs Pesticides/PCBs were deleted from the parameter list following the first wet weather sampling event. Analyses of samples collected during the first wet weather event indicated that all of these compounds, if present, were less than detection limits. The analytical sample collection dates may not have coincided with typical pesticide application periods. Our initial sample date of June 14, 1995 may have missed the typical spring (February, March or April) pesticide application periods. Inorganics Total chromium was detected in Walnut Creek during sample event 02W at a level equal to a Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) for long-term protection. The WQC for this parameter, as defined in the Pennsylvania DEP Chapter 16 Water Quality Toxic Substances, is calculated based on hardness of the stream sampled. In this case, the analyte and the CCC are 0.29 mg/l. In all other samples at each of the three creeks, total chromium was either below detection levels or slightly above detection levels but not exceeding WQC. Copper was detected above the CCC in Walnut Creek during wet weather event 07W. In this case, the copper concentration was determined to be 0.016 mg/1 and the CCC value was 0.01223 mg/l based on a hardness in Walnut Creek of 104 mg/l. The Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) (for short-term protection) forthis analytewas 0.0184 mg/1 based on the same hardness value. As presented in Table 5-5, copper exceeded the CMC value at Twelvemile and Walnut Creeks during event 02W and at Twelvemile Creek during event 07W. These exceedances are not considered significant since they range from 0.0013 mg/l to 0.008 mg/1 above the WQC limits. Concentrations of iron were present in each wet weather sample collected from each creek. As presented in Table 5-4, the Chapter 93 Water Quality Standard in Table 3 for iron is 0.3 mg/l or natural levels, whichever is greater. Concentrations of iron exceeded the 0.3 mg/l value in every dry and wet weather sample, indicating that iron is naturally present in this area. Lead was found to exceed the CCC WQC limit during the following events: 2758-001-130 5-4 Printed on Recycled Paper � Twelvemile Creek: 02W, 06W, 07W and 08W a Walnut Creek: 02W, 05W, 07W and I OW � Elk Creek: 07W and 09W The lead concentrations that exceeded the CCC criteria were detected in a range from 0.004 mg/l to 0.049 mg/l. The CCC criteria for lead is based on hardness of the water in each stream during each wet weather event. Therefore, lead concentrations present in one sample may exceed CCC criteria for one event and the same concentrations may not exceed limits for another event. The Lead Criteria Continuous Concentrations Formula is: Exp (1.266 [In H] - 4.66 1) ug/I In Twelvemile Creek during event 06W, a lead concentration at 6 ug/I is reported. The corresponding water hardness is 106 mg/1 CaC03 which yields a CCC of 3.5 ug/l. If hardness for the same event in Twelvemile Creek were reported as 164 mg/1 CaC03, the resulting CCC would be 6.0 ug/I and the reported 06W lead concentration would not exceed CCC criteria. Manganese was detected above CMC limits during event 02W in both Twelvemile and Walnut Creeks. This compound has a Chapter 93 WQS limit of 1.0 mg/l. The Twelvemile Creek sample contained 1.34 mg/l and the Walnut Creek sample contained 2.44 mg/1 manganese. Silver was identified to be present in Twelvemile and Elk Creeks during event 02W. All other wet weather events reported a silver concentration less than the detection limit. This compound was detected at 0.0001 mg/I above the CCC limit of 0.0002 mg/1 in Twelvemile Creek. In Elk Creek, silver was detected 0.0006 mg/I above the same CCC limit. Zinc was detected once in each creek above the CMC value. This value was based on the hardness of the stream when sampled. The Twelvernile Creek concentration of zinc measured during event 02W is reported as 0.2 mg/I while the CMC is calculated to be 0. 1288 mg/l. During the same wet weather event, the zinc concentration in Walnut Creek was measured to be 0.67 mg/1 and the CMC was calculated at 0.1594 mg/l. Samples 2758-001-130 5-5 Printed on Recycled Paper collected at Elk Creek during wet weather event I OW contained zinc at a concentration of 0.079 mg/l and the CMC was calculated to be 0.071 mg/l. Additional Parameters Alkalinity was measured below the Chapter 93 minimum required 20 mg/l during sample event 07W at Twelvemile Creek (14 mg/1). All other samples were reported above the minimum required WQC value. Fecal coliform colonies were present at each of the three creeks monitored during dry and wet weather events. During dry events, the range of fecal coliform colonies present was from 12 counts/100 nil to 141 counts/100 ml. During wet weather events, the range increased from 9 counts/100 ml to 13,100 counts/100 ml. These samples are individual grab samples. The Chapter 93 BAC I standards are for a geometric mean of five consecutive samples. Therefore, these samples do not exceed the WQS limits based on a five-day geometric mean. Elevated suspended solids concentrations were noted at Walnut Creek during events 02W (1,508 mg/1) and 10W (2,504 mg/1) and at Elk Creek during event 10W (3,428 mg/1). These two Walnut Creek events and the Elk Creek sample date coincide with highest recorded fecal coliform colonies in each creek during the study. In addition, event 10W represents the deepest creek flows recorded during the study. During wet weather event 07W the pH in Twelvemile Creek was reported as 9.1 s.u. This value exceeds the Chapter 93 WQS for p4 which is between 6.5 - 9.0 s.u. The pH data reported for this creek during the October and November 1995 sample dates is suspect since an ECHD biologist recorded a pH in Twelvemile Creek of 7.6 s.u. on October 11, 1995 and 6.4 s.u. on November 13, 1995. Chapter 93 WQS for dissolved oxygen is a minimum of 5 mg/l oxygen. During wet weather event 02W and 03W for Twelvenlile Creek the dissolved oxygen level was reported to be 4.58 and 4.57 mg/1 oxygen, respectively. We consider these data to be anomalies since the D.O. is anticipated to be much higher during wet weather events and considering the creek temperatures during these events. In addition, an ECHD biologist recorded D.O. readings of approximately 9.0 mg/l during these time periods. The average dissolved oxygen 2758-001-130 5-6 Printed on Recycled Paper measurements recorded in all three creeks during monitoring event 0 1 D are also considered anomalies. Each week's D.O. average of 5.4 mg/1 is considered low due to the creek's water temperature. 5.2 POLLUTANT LOADING SUMMARY Presented in Appendix C are the cross-section surveys which were sent via facsimile to Malcolm Pirnie on May 30, 1996. We have calculated the estimated flows at each creek sampling point during each event. Pollutant loadings were calculated using these estimated flows and pollutant concentrations. Presented in Table 5-6 are the pollutant loadings for each of the three creeks studied. The pollutant loading calculations should be considered best approximations due to the numerous assumptions and limitations of the monitoring methods used. Some of the assumptions used during this study include: � The creek velocity was uniform across the entire cross section. � Precipitation was uniform across the Erie County, Pennsylvania area of the Lake Erie Watershed. � Depth of flow was accurately measured as swollen creek waters rapidly passed our monitoring station. Review of the pollutant loading data indicates that there are four inorganic parameters consistently discharging to Lake Erie at elevated levels. These four parameters include aluminum, iron, manganese, and zinc. Each of these parameters discharge significantly less pollutants to Lake Erie during dry weather conditions as compared to wet weather conditions. Summarized in Table 5-6 is the pollutant loading data for additional parameters analyzed. This data indicates that chloride, ammonia, CBOD5, COD, phosphorus and TSS levels are elevated during wet weather conditions. 2758-001-130 5-7 Printed on Recycled Paper 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Historically, pesticides and PCBs have not been analyzed on Twelvemile, Walnut or Elk Creeks. Based on a review of the data provided by STORET, only one sample, collected on August 25, 1993 from Twelvemile Creek, was analyzed for pesticides/PCBs. Identified in this sample was 0.009 mg/l of alpha-BHC and 0.044 mg/l of heptachlor. The other parameters analyzed (aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin and endrin) were all reported with a qualifier used to indicate a failure to detect the substances. In comparison, all samples collected during the one dry and one wet weather sampling round during this study were identified as less than detection limits. During this study, the dry and wet weather sample dates, June 14 and August 11, 1995, respectively, may have been too long after typical spring pesticide application periods to measure any runoff containing pesticides/PCBs. An analysis was conducted to compare historical STORET data and data collected during this study. A summary of this analysis is presented in Table 6-1. Illustrated in this table are the average concentrations of several inorganic and additional parameters for both STORET and this study's data. STORET data qualified with a "K" was not used when calculating averages. Data from this study qualified with a "less than" sign was also not used when calculating average concentrations. Also of note is that the STORET data typically has more data points than the study. In addition, the antecedent and sample day weather conditions are unknown for the STORET data group. The wet weather data was used to calculate average concentrations for this study's data. A review of the inorganic parameters listed in Table 6-1 indicates that the average concentrations of aluminum and iron are significantly greater in this study than are reported in the STORET database. Other inorganic parameters remained approximately the same or increased slightly with lead being the only exception. Data for this parameter indicates a decrease in average concentrations of lead from this study's data in the three creeks studied. As presented in Table 6-1, the average concentrations of additional parameters remained relatively constant except for noted increases in nitrite-nitrogen, fecal coliform counts and phosphorus concentrations. 2758-001-130 6-1 Printed on Recycled Paper M M M = M = = = MMIM TABLE 6-1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED HJSTOR[C4L DATA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS TWELVEMILE WALNUT ELK Parameter STORET STUDY STORET STUDY STORET STUDY Data Average Data Average Data verage Data Average Data Average Data Average Points Concentration* Points Concentration" Points Concentration* Points Concentration" Points Concentration* Points Concentration" (-g/1) (Ing/b (-g/1) (-g/1) (Ing/1) (nig/1) Inorganic Aluminum 56 0.259 8 4.44 8 0.228 6 15.2 14 0.386 7 6.82 Copper 47 0.007 6 0.008 5 0.014 7 0.010 6 0.013 5 0.003 Iron 79 1 0.326 8 5.84 70 0.228 8 1 13.9 74 0.332 8 1 8.54 Lead 36 0.78 6 0.008 3 0.046 7 0.016 2 0.038 5 0.006 Manganese 66 0.19 8 0.38 8 0.018 8 0.636 14 0.042 8 0.203 Nickel 36 0.011 4 0.028 5 0.024 5 0.044 7 0.026 5 0.032 Zinc 41 0.005 6 0.053 7 0.023 6 0.162 13 0.035 3 0.068 Additional Alkalinity 78 57 8 42.5 68 98 8 88.8 71 80 8 63 Ammonia-Nitrogen 31 0.032 7 0.14 57 0.12 8 0.10 66 0.262 8 0.084 Nitrite-Nitrogen 30 0.006 7 0.033 35 0.016 8 0.06 41 0.03 7 0.05 Nitrate-Nitrogen 78 1.99 8 1.96 60 0.66 8 0.69 70 0.77 8 1.09 Fecal Coliform 13 1,055 8 3,524 23 214 8 4,143 25 423 8 2,021 (#/ 100 MI) -F-0.055 7 8 Phosphorus 73 0.029 8 0.38 56 1.0 70 0.16 0.57 Note: Units (mg17) except where noted Average Concentration - Using all STORET data not qualified with a "K". AveLgge Concentration -Using all LtH @data not qualified with a "less than" sign. 2758-001 Vgy Based on the results presented in this report and in historical documents, we conclude that these three subwatersheds (namely: Twelvemile, Walnut and Elk) individually are not discharging significant pollutant concentrations to Lake Erie. However, the aggregate of the three subwatersheds may significantly impact the Eric County, Pennsylvania area of the Lake Erie Watershed. Based on the review of concentration data, there are a few elevated inorganic parameters, fecal coliform colonies, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphorus levels that warrant further evaluation. Historical accounts have confirmed that inorganics, such as iron, lead and zinc are indigenous to Erie and surrounding Pennsylvania counties soil. Data collected during this monitoring program indicate that during dry weather conditions, Twelvemile, Walnut and Elk Creeks do not contribute significant pollutants to the Erie County, Pennsylvania area of the Lake Erie Watershed. Increased pollutant levels during wet weather conditions indicates that a more in-depth, concentrated study should be completed. We recommend that each creek be divided into representative areas and additional sampling be conducted in an effort to differentiate between potential point and nonpoint source(s). This most recent sampling program has yielded an updated database for each of the three creeks monitored. However, since only one water quality station along each creek was monitored, conclusions as to actual pollution point and nonpoint source(s) is difficult. Additional sampling is recommended in an attempt to identify point and/or nonpoint source(s) of pollution. The following list includes potential source(s) along the three creeks monitored: Private on-lot septic systems. STPs. Wildlife. Agricultural land. 0 Farm animals. Suggested sampling points include the water quality locations monitored in this study and upstream and downstream of locations identified as "urban industrial and commercial complexes" at Twelvemile, Walnut at Elk Creeks. In addition, sampling should be 2758-001-130 6-2 Printed on Recycied Paper conducted upstream and downstream of Sewage Treatment Plants such as Girard and Lake City on Elk Creek and Popp's Trailer Court and Standard Trailer on Walnut Creek. Listed in Table 6-2 are the recommended parameters to be analyzed in an attempt to differentiate between point and nonpoint pollution source(s) TABLE 6-2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED FUTURE MONITORBVG ANAL YTIC4L PARAMETERS Title 25. Rules and Regulations Title 25. Rules and Regulations Part L Department of Environmental Part L Department of Environmental Resources Resources Subpart A. Preliminary Provisions Subpart C. Protection of Natural Resources Article H. Statements of Policy Article H. Water Resources Chapter 16. Water Quality Toxics Chapter 93. Water Quality Standards Test Parameters Test Parameters Aluminum Alkalinity Iron Ammonia Nitrogen Zinc Bacteria/Fecal Coliform Hardness Iron Nitrate - Nitrogen Total Suspended Solids Phosphorus CBOD Additional Parameter: Field Measurements: Commercial Fertilizer Test Dissolved Oxygen pH Temperature Conductivity There are two different sample collection techniques that the ECDP, DEP and ECHD may employ for additional data gathering. One is a fast-tracked "short-term7 investigative approach and the second is a "long-term" investigative approach. The short-term approach requires immediate commitment and use of financial and staff (or subcontractor) resources to locate water quality monitoring stations upstream and downstream of each of the areas listed above and conduct multiple sampling events in a short period of time. The stations 2758-001-130 6-3 Printed on Recycled Paper must be located far enough from another designated investigation area's upstream station to allow isolation of the effects of the upstream point or nonpoint source discharge. Using the long-term approach, the agencies would allocate financial and staff resources over an extended period of time. Once the same water quality stations were located (as identified above), sampling events, using agency staff, may occur quarterly or semi-annually to isolate potential point and nonpoint pollution source(s) as well as to determine if any seasonal subwatershed impacts exist. Malcolm Pirnie is available to assist the agencies develop either program to achieve the goals of the Coastal Nonpoint Source Control Program. 2758-001-130 6-4 Printed on Recycled Paper NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIB 3 6668 14111472- 8 Printed on Recycled Papet