[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]



                                                                          Volume I - Report
             Engineering Report






                         PENNSYLVANIA COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM


                                    WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                      FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED



                                                SEPTEMBER 1996
                                                 Project: 2758-001



                                          CZM Project No.: CZI:94.06PE





                  A REPORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                          TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
                                    PURSUANT TO NOAA AWARD NO. - NA470ZO248














              This project was financed through a Federal Coastal Zone Management Grant from the
              Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection with funds provided by the National
              Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of
              the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies.
                                                             AW












            MALCOW
               PIRNIE                                 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS & PLANNERS


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                      PENNSYLVANIA COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM


                                WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                  FOR THE LAI" ERIE WATERSHED



                                           SEPTEMBER 1996
                                           Project: 2758-001



                                     CZM Project No.: CZ1:94.06PE





                A REPORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                       TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
                                PURSUANT TO NO" AWARD NO. - NA470ZO248














            This project was financed through a Federal Coastal Zone Management Grant from the
            Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection with funds provided by the National
            Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of
            the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies.






            11 WRI Y1
                                    WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                       FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                              TABLE OF CONTENTS



                                                                                                PaLe

                 1.0 INTRODUCTION        ...............................................          1-1


                 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA           .................................        2-1


                 3.0 HISTORICAL DATA/RELEVANT EXISTING INFORMATION                   ..........   3-1


                 4.0 SAMPLING/MONITORING          .......................................         4-1
                     4.1 DRY WEATHER SAMPLING           ..................................        4-2
                     4.2 WET WEATHER SAMPLING           ..................................        4-3
                     4.3 DEPTH AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS                .....................     4-5
                     4.4 INITIAL SAMPLING       .........................................         4-5
                     4.5 INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER SAMPLING                .....................     4-7
                     4.6 REDUCED PARAMETER SAMPLING               ..........................      4-8

                 5.0 DATA EVALUATION         ...........................................          5'1
                     5.1 WATER QUALITY EVALUATION             .............................       5-3
                         5.1.1     Dry Weather Conditions  ...............................        5-3
                         5.1.2     Wet Weather Conditions  ...............................        5-4
                 5.2 POLLUTANT LOADING SUMMARY             ...............................        5-6


                 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS                 .......................      6-1




                                                 LIST OF TABLES


                 Table                                                                  On/Following
                 No.    Description                                                             Page

                 3-1    Water Quality Network Stations  ..................................        3-5
                 3-2    Summarized STORET Data - Twelvemile Creek      ......................     3-5
                 3-3    Summarized STORET Data - Walnut Creek      .........................      3-5
                 3-4    Summarized STORET Data - Elk Creek     ............................       3-5
                 3-5    Summarized STORET Data - Sixteenmile Creek     ......................     3-5
                 3-6    Summarized STORET Data - Conneaut Creek       .......................     3-5
                 3-7    Phosphorus Loading Study Summary     ..............................       3-7


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             T1 RCN Y1
                                        WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                            FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                             TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)



                                                LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

                   Table                                                                           On/FoIlowing
                   No.      Description                                                                     Page

                   4-1      Sampling Summary      ............................................                4-2
                   4-2      Analytical Parameters   ..........................................                4-3
                   4-3      Velocity and Depth Summary       ....................................             4-4
                   4-4      Initially Proposed Sampling Approach      .............................           4-6
                   4-5      Approved USEPA Analytical Methods and Detection Limits for Inorganics .           4-7
                   4-6      Analytical Parameter List Reductions     ..............................           4-8

                   5-1      Rainfall Summary     .............................................                5-1
                   5-2      15 Minute Rainfall Data-Rain Gauge 3      .............................           5-1
                   5-3      lEstorical Precipitation  .........................................               5-2
                   5-4      Water Quality Criteria  ...... ...................................                5-3
                   5-5      Pollutant Concentration Summary      .................................            5-3
                   5-6      Pollutant Loading Summary      .....................................              5-7

                   6-1      lEstorical Data Comparative Analysis     ..............................           6-1
                   6-2      Future Monitoring Analytical Parameters      ...........................          6-3




                                                       LIST OF FIGURES
                   Figure                                                                              Following
                   No.      Description                                                                     Page


                   2-1      The Lake Eric Watershed - Subwatershed Boundaries         .................       2-1


                   5-1      Lake Erie Basin Study Area     .....................................              5-1
                   5-2      Precipitation Monitor Locations    ..................................             5-1
                   5-3      lEstorical Precipitation Frequency Curve     ...........................          5-2


                                     FIELD SAMPLING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE/
                               QUALITY CONTROL PLAN (Separately Bound - Volume 2)



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                                          WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                             FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                              TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)



                                    LIST OF APPENDICES (Separately Bound - Volume 3)

                    Appendix                    Description

                     A               Precipitation Data
                     B               Analytical Results
                     C               Creek Cross-Section Survey Data





                                       LIST OF PLATES (Separately Bound - Volume 3)


                    Plate
                    No.                        Description

                    Plate I          Twelvemile Creek STORET Data Summary

                    Plate 2          Walnut Creek STORET Data Summary

                    Plate 3          Elk Creek STORET Data Summary

                    Plate 4          Sixteenmile Creek STORET Data Summary

                    Plate 5          Conneaut Creek STORET Data Summary




                                 RAW ANALYTICAL DATA (Separately Bound - Volume 4)














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                  1.0 INTRODUCTION


                          The Pennsylvania Lake Erie Watershed covers 330 square miles; has 14 large
                  subwatersheds and more than 500 individual drainage areas; and encompasses all or portions
                  of 25 municipalities, including 10 coastal municipalities, within Erie County, Pennsylvania.
                          The Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments, Section 6217, require that states
                  with coastal programs develop a Coastal Nonpoint Source Control Program (CNPCP).
                  Water quality information for watersheds within the federally assigned CNPCP management
                  areas is needed to help quantify the effects of nonpoint source pollutants on coastal water,
                  identify particular parameters of concern, and establish appropriate baseline conditions for
                  future effectiveness monitoring of management measure implementation.
                          The Erie County Department 'of Planning (ECDP), in conjunction with the
                  Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP - previously known as
                  Department of Environmental Resources), Division of Coastal Programs and the Erie County
                  Health Department (ECHD) retained Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. to conduct a water quality survey
                  to be used as a baseline for the Lake Erie Watershed. This survey focuses on the Elk Creek,
                  Walnut Creek, and Twelvemile Creek subwatersheds, which together comprise
                  approximately 44.5 percent of the entire watershed that discharges to Lake Erie in the
                  commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

























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                  2.0 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA


                          The study area is comprised of the following three creek subwatersheds:


                                  Twelvemile Creek
                                  Walnut Creek
                                  Elk Creek


                          Presented on Figure 2-1 is a map showing the approximate location of the
                  Twelvemile Creek subwatershed boundary. This creek begins south of Route 17 and travels
                  north towards the township of North East. Flow is then northwesterly until discharging into
                  Lake Erie north of the Route 5 crossing. Based on a review of the Erie County Land Cover
                  / Land Use : 2nd Rendition Draft drawing, loaned to Malcolm Pirnie by the ECDP, this
                  creek travels mostly through agricultural cropland and forested areas. A few "agricultural:
                  other" and 'Vrban: mixe(f 'areas are also located in the proximity of the creek. Oneareaeast
                  of Haskell Road and south of Route 20 is identified on the land use map as being "urban:
                  industrial commercial complexes".
                          Presented on Figure 2-1 is also the approximate locations of the Walnut and Elk
                  Creek subwatershed boundaries. Walnut Creek begins south of Route 90 near Old Waterford
                  Road. This creek travels west, passing just north of the Millcreek Mall area and continuing
                  to Fairview Township where the creek turns north and flows towards Lake Erie. The Erie
                  County Land Cover / Land Use : 2nd Rendition Draft drawing indicates that this creek
                  travels mostly through agricultural cropland and forested areas. There are also some
                  "agricultural: other", "urban: mixed" and "urban: residential" areas located in the proximity
                  of the creek. Two areas are identified as "urban: industrial commercial complexes". One
                  is located near the Millcreek Mall area and the second is a small area near the Route 97
                  crossing. A tributary creek also appears to pass through an industrial commercial complex
                  area that is bound by Routes 90 and 19, Hamot Road and Keystone Drive.
                          Elk Creek, the largest of the subwatersheds studied, begins in Waterford Township
                  south of South Hill Road and east of Tamarack Road. The creek flows northwesterly until
                  crossing Elk Creek Road, where the creek heads west. Elk Creek flows west through
                  McKean and Fairview Townships before turning north when entering Girard Township at


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                   approximately the Route 90 crossing. The creek discharges to Lake Erie after passing under
                   Route 5. Major portions of this creek pass through agricultural cropland and forested areas.
                   "Agricultural: other" land use designations are more prevalent along this creek than the other
                   two. Limited "urban: mixed" areas and very few industrial commercial complexes are
                   located in the proximity of Elk Creek, according tho the land use drawing. Elk Creek does
                   pass to the west of two urban residential areas, namely Girard and Lake City Boroughs.




















































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                   3.0 HISTORICAL DATA / RELEVANT EXISTING INFORMATION


                           In July 1995, Malcolm Pirnie gathered historical relevant water quality information
                   for Elk, Walnut, and Twelvemile Creeks at the ECHD. Several biological/chemical
                   studies/surveys, Storm Water Management Plans, and water quality analyses were performed
                   on the creeks. Listed below are summaries of studies reported for each of the creeks.
                           The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (DER) changed their
                   name in June, 1995 to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP).
                   In this section, when referring to historical information the regulatory agency will be referred

                   to as the DER-



                   Elk Creek

                          A November 10, 1971 study was performed by the DER and ECHD to determine the
                          effects of wastes from the Lake City Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) on water
                          quality and aquatic life in Elk Creek. Two sampling stations were utilized in this
                          study; one directly upstream and one directly downstream from the STP discharge to
                          Elk Creek. Water quality was based on a single non-composite grab sample at each
                          station. Benthic macroinvertebrates were also collected. The study concluded that
                          water quality conditions upstream and downstream of the STP were good to excellent.
                          However, a depression of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity along the right
                          downstream bank indicated that the effluent had stratified. A strong chlorine odor
                          indicated that chlorine residual was the cause of this depression. The study
                          recommended that the Sanitary Engineer at the Meadville Regional Office of the DER
                          contact the Lake City STP operator in order to determine if less chlorine could be

                          used to achieve desired results.
                      a   Results of a second DER and ECHD study were presented in a December 13, 1979
                          report. The study was conducted to investigate the influence of the Lake City and
                          Girard STPs on Elk Creek's water quality. Grab samples were collected for chemical
                          and bacteriological analyses at four Elk Creek stations: 1) Station #1 - upstream of
                          the Girard STP outfall, 2) Station #2 - just below the Girard ST? outfall and well



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                          above the Lake City STP outfall, 3) Station #3 - well below the Girard STP outfall
                          and just above the Lake City STP outfall, 4) Station #4 - below the Girard and Lake
                          City STP outfalls on the north side of Route 5. The study concluded that all of the
                          parameters tested for met DER Chapter 93 water quality standards and that there was
                          not a serious water quality problem.
                      0   In November 1982, the DER Bureau ofWater Quality Management generated a report
                          to justify effluent limitations for the Lake City and Girard STPs into Elk Creek. The
                          report recommended using effluent limits determined using the EPA-DER Simplified
                          Method instead of the 1980 NPDES issued permit limits. The EPA-DER method
                          yielded a BOD, limit of 30 ppm and the 1980 NPDES permit set the BOD, limit at 30

                          ppm.



                   Walnut Creek
                      ï¿½ A March 28, 1972 biological/chemical study was conducted by the ECHD to record
                          water quality, stream conditions and determine the discharge effects from various
                          upstream STPs on the water quality and aquatic life of Walnut Creek. Ten sampling
                          stations were established on Walnut Creek from Zwilling Road downstream to Dutch
                          Road. Chemical, bacteriological, and benthic macroinvertebrate samples were
                          collected. The study concluded that, in general, water quality and stream conditions
                          for the creek were good. However, a slight degradation existed from Millfair Road
                          upstream to Zuck Road. In this section of the creek, macroinvertebrate species
                          diversity was low. There was also a slightly elevated Biochemical Oxygen Demand
                          (BOD.) level of 3.5 compared to upstream (Rt. 19) and downstream (Zimmerly
                          Road) BOD5 levels of 1.0; possibly due to discharges from individual septic systems
                          in this section. Additional sampling was recommended.
                      ï¿½   On August 21, 1972, the ECHD performed a biological/chemicaVbacteriologicaI
                          study to record existing water quality conditions and determine the effects of various
                          discharges to Walnut Creek. Ten sampling stations were established on Walnut Creek
                          from Zwilling Road downstream to Dutch Road. Macroinvertebrate and fish samples
                          were collected at each of the ten stations. Seven chemical and eight bacteriological


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                          samples were also collected. The study concluded that there was a problem area
                          extending from Robison Road downstream to below Old French Road. Aquatic life
                          was degraded in this region. The degradation was attributed to leachate discharges
                          from the Jennings Landfill. Also, partially treated discharges from a malfunctioning
                          Holiday Inn sewage treatment plant had been released into this section of Walnut
                          Creek for a three week period prior to sampling. A fecal coliform count in excess of
                          2,000 was recorded at Zuck Road; possibly due to a large number of bathers present
                          in a pool area directly upstream from the sampling point. The remaining seven
                          stations exhibited little or no degradation of aquatic life. Chemical analysis at these
                          stations was fair to good with the exception of the following fecal coliform counts;
                          Dutch Road - 750 / 100 n* Zimmerly Road and Cherry Street - 490 / 100 ml. No
                          additional actions were recommended.

                          Another study was conducted by the ECHD on February 6-9, 1973, to record existing
                          water quality conditions, determine the effect of leachate from Jennings Landfill on
                          Walnut Creek, locate existing or potential pollution problems, and to evaluate the
                          extent to which STP effluent affected water quality. Twelve sampling stations were
                          established from Zwiffing Road to Dutch Road. Conclusions from the study indicated
                          that water quality ranged from poor at Robison Road to very good at Dutch Road.
                          Poor water quality was detected at Robison Road where leachate discharges from
                          Jennings Landfill were suspected. Creek data at this location indicated elevated
                          BOD5 (4 mg/1), total iron (0.77 mg/1), N03-N (0.71 mg/1), and suspended solids
                          (18 mg/1) compared with data collected from other sample locations in the study.
                          Degradation in water quality near Cherry Street and Old French Road may have been
                          influenced by a malfunctioning Holiday Inn sewage treatment plant. The study
                          recommended stopping unpermitted leachate discharges from Jennings Landfill and
                          closely monitoring permitted discharges. The study also recommended upgrading
                          STPs that discharge to Walnut Creek in violation of their permits or the removal of

                          these STPs.

                     IN   The ECHD also conducted a biological/chemical survey on June 24, 1976, to record
                          existing water quality conditions and determine the effects of Jennings Landfill


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                         leachate on Walnut Creek. Three sampling sites were selected on the creek and five
                         additional discharge points were sampled. The five discharge points consisted of
                         three tributaries to Walnut Creek located near Jennings Landfill, a discharge pipe
                         from Popp's Trailer Court Sewage Plant, and at the end of the chlorine contact tank
                         at the Standard Trailer Court Sewage Plant. Conclusions from the study indicated that
                         during wet weather, discharge points at the Jennings Landfill contained BOD, (612
                         mg/1) and high iron (24,500 ug/1). However, Walnut Creek did not appear to be
                         heavily polluted based on data collected from the three sampling sites. The study also
                         indicated that the Standard Trailer Court Sewage Treatment Plant discharge added
                         significant levels of ammonia-nitrogen (28.0 mg/1) and appeared to be the prime
                         contributor of organic pollution during dry weather.


                  Twelvemile Creek
                     N There was no relevant biological/chemical study data available on Twelvemile Creek
                         during Malcolm Pirnie's July 1995 ECHD water quality information review.


                          However, the ECHD has performed numerous water quality analyses on all three
                  creeks. This information has regularly been provided to the United States Environmental
                  Protection Agency (USEPA) by the ECHD and is available in a database named STORET.
                  [This is a database of sampling sites and associated water quality data that is maintained by
                  the USEPA.] STORET information was evaluated to determine "typical valuee' for streams
                  in the region.
                          Attached as Plates I through 5, in the Appendix volume of this report, are
                  spreadsheets identifying all STORET data received for water quality monitoring stations on
                  Twelvemile, Walnut, Elk, Sixteenmile and Conneaut Creeks, respectively. STORET data
                  was provided for the water quality network station numbers associated with each creek listed
                  in Table 3-1. The Pennsylvania Water QualityNetwork (WQN) is a statewide, fixed station
                  water quality sampling system operated by the Department of Environmental Protection,
                  Bureau of Water Quality Management. The STORET spreadsheets are color coded to
                  identify analytical parameters which have been identified as below detection limits, exceed


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             DEP Chapter 16 Water Quality Criteria (WQC) for both long-term protection (Criterion
             Continuous Concentration - CCC) and short-term protection (Criterion Maximum
             Concentration - CMC) and exceed DEP Chapter 93 WQC. We have summarized these
             spreadsheets as Tables 3-2 through 3-6.



                                         TABLE 3-1


                       WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE
                                        WATERSHED


                                WATER QUALITY NETWORK STA 7TONS

                                   CREEK               WATER QUALITY
                                                       STATIONNUMBER
                                TWELVEMILE                  641
                                   WALNUT                   603
                                   ELK                      604
                                SIXTEENMELE                 602
                                 CONNEAUT                   643



                  The following Est identifies the summary table number, associated creek monitored,
             and dates of sample collection:


                          a Table 3-2   Twelvemile Creek (1988-Present)
                            Table 3-3   Walnut Creek (1973 -1987)
                            Table 3-4   Elk Creek (1973-1987)
                            Table 3-5   Sixteenmile Creek (1973-1987)
                            Table 3-6   Conneaut Creek (1988-Present)


                  Included in the list above are the dates associated with sampling activities at each of
             the five creeks. Sample collection was conducted quarterly prior to 1988 and monthly since
             1988. In addition, an Erie County Health Department biologist has collected samples
             subsequent to 1987 on Walnut, Elk and Sixteenmile Creeks.

                  Presented in Table 3-2 is the summarized STORET data for Twelvemile Creek. This

             is the only creek where Pesticide/PCB sample collection was reported. Most of the samples
             analyzed were flagged with a "K' denoting that the sample may not have been detected, or

             was detected below the value shown.



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                                                                                                                                                                TABLE 3-2


                                                                                            WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                                                                            SUMMARIZED STORET DATA


                                                                                                                                                     TWEL VEMILE CREEK
                                                                                                                                                         (1988 - PRESENT)



                                PESTICIDESMCBs                                                                               INORGANICS (total)                                                                             ADDMONALPARAMETERS
                                Date                                                                        number of        Date                                                                         number of         Date                                                                       number of
                                Time                                            minimum      maximum        data points      Time                                           minimum        maximum        data points       Time                                         minimum        maximum       data points
                                alpha-BHC (ppm)                                 0.009          0.009               1         Aluminum (ug/L)                                       6               4,390      78            Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3)                          18            104               85
                                beta-BHC                                                                           0         Antimony (ug/L)                                       0               1          25            Chloride                                         20            62                85
                                delta-BHC                                                                          0         Arsenic (ugIL)                                        0               2          24            Cyanide, free (ug/L)                             1.000K            -             16
                                gamma-BHC (Lindane)                                                                0         Beryllium                                             0               0.14       24            Grease & Oil Grab (mg/L)                         2.OOK             -             I
                                Heptachlor (ppm)                                0.044          0.044               1         Cadmium (ug/L)                                        0               0.09       25            Ammonis-Nitrogen (mgtL)                          0.020         0.080             85
                                Aldrin (ppm)                                    0.005K                             I         Chromium Total     (ugtL)                             0               10         25            Nitrite-Nitrogen (mgfL)                          0.004         0.012             95
                                Heptachlor epoxide (ppm)                        0.005K                             I         Chromium VI (ug/L)                                    lK                         25            Nitrate-Nitrogen (mg/L)                          0.300         4,600             84
                                alpha-Endosulfan (1)                                                               0         Copper (ug/L)                                         0.8             38         86            CBODs (mgtL)                                                                     0
                                Dieldrin (ppm)                                  0.01K                              I         tron (ug/L)                                           27              6,670      79            BOD, (mg1L)                                                                      0
                                4,4'-DDE                                                                           0         Lead (ugtL)                                           0               6          75            Chemical Oxygen Demand                                                           0
                                Endrin (ppm)                                    0.010K                             I         Manganese (u&/L)                                      3.5             249        87            Fecal Coliform (#/IOOmL)                         0             6,900             Is
                                beta-Endosulfan (R)                                                                0         Mercury (ugfL)                                        0.2K            0.2        24            phosphorus, total (m&/L)                         0.003         0.154             85
                                4,W.DDD                                                                            0         Nickel (ug/L)                                         0               106        78            Total Suspended Solids                           2             74                65
                                Endosulfan sulfate                                                                 0         Selenium                                              0               2          24            Hardness (mg/L CaCO3)                            37            193               85
                                4,4'-DDT                                                                           0         Silver                                                0               0.1        24            pH(s.u-)                                         6.40          8.50              79
                                alpha-Chlordane                                                                    0         Thallium                                              0.03            0.30       24            Temperature VC)                                  0             24.9              88
                                beta-Chlordane                                                                     0         lZine (ug/L)                                          0               39  1      79       1    Conductivity 25T (micrombo)                      110           485               94
                                Toxaphene                                                                          0                                                                                                        IDissolved Oxygen (mg/L 02)                      7.6           14.9              87
                                jEndrin Aldehyde                            1                                      0      1


                              Note: K - Off-scale low. Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance.











                                                                                                                                           TABLE 3-3


                                                                             WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                                                        SUMMARIZED STORET DATA


                                                                                                                                     WALNUT CREEK
                                                                                                                                          (1973 - 1987)





          PES'nC11DES/PCBs                                                                              INORGANICS (total)                                                                             ADDMONAL PARAMETERS
          Date                                                                         number of        Date                                                                         number of         Date                                                                        number
                                                                                                                                                                     maximum         data points       Time                                          minimum        maximum                nts
          Time                                           minimum        maximum        data points      Time                                           minimum                                                                                                                     data poi 01
          a1pha-BHC                                                                           0         Aluminum                                               10           500             11         Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3)                               20         139            67
          beta-BHC                                                                            0         Antimony                                                                            0          Chloride                                              7          264            67
          delta-BHC                                                                           0         Arsenic (ug/L)                                         lK           -               I I        Cyanide, free                                                                      0
          gamma-BHC (Lindane)                                                                 0         Beryllium                                                                           0          Crease & Oil Crab                                                                  0
          Heptachlor                                                                          0         Cadmium (ug(L)                                         3            3               12         Ammortia-Nitrogen (mg/L)                              0,010      0.850          67
          Aldrin                                                                              0         Chromium Total    (ug/L)                               10           20              14         Nitrite-Nitrogen (mg/L)                               0.000      0.100          66
          Heptachlor epoxide                                                                  0         Chromium VI (ug/L)                                     0.2K         -               3          Mtrate-Nitrogen (mg1L)                                0.020      1,850          59
          alpha-Endosulfan (1)                                                                0         Copper (ug/L)                                          10           20              14         CBOD5(mg/L)                                                                        0
          Dieldrin                                                                            0         Iron (ug/L)                                            40           1,970           71         BOD5(mg/L)                                                                         0
          4,4!-DDE                                                                            0         Lead (-gfL)                                            38           50              12         Chemical Oxygen Demand                                                             0
          Fudrin                                                                              0         Manganese (ug/L)                                       10           30              10         Fecal Colifonn (#/IOOmL)                              10         1,700          28
          beta-Endosulfan (H)                                                                 0         Mercury (ug/L)                                         2            2               13         phosphorus, total (mg/L)                              0.005      0.800          65
          4,4'-DDD                                                                            0         Mickel (ug;1L)                                         20           30              9          Total Suspended Solids                                1          12             23
          Endosulfan sulfate                                                                  0         Selenium                                               10K          -               2          Hardness (mg/L CaCO3)                                 12         238            67
          4,4'-DDT                                                                            0         Silver                                                                              0          pH (s.u.)                                             7.00       9.50           67
          alpha-Chlordane                                                                     0         Thalliurn                                                                           0          Temperature (C)                                       0.0        26.1           70
          beta-Chlordatie                                                                     0         lZinc (ug/L)                                1          10           50    1         12     1   Conductivity 25*C (micromho)                          304        1,0DO          67
          Toxaphene                                                                           0                                                                                                        IDissolved Oxygen (mg/1-                              7.8        16.0    1      61
          lEndrin Aldehyde                                                                    0


          Note: K - Off-scale low, Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance.

                   No PesticidefPCB analytical results available in STORET database.












                                                                                                                                           TABLE 3-4


                                                                              WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                                                         SUMMARIZED STORET DATA


                                                                                                                                          ELK CREEK
                                                                                                                                          (1973 - 1987)





          PESTICIDESIPCIts                                                                             INORGANICS (total)                                                                             ADDITIONAL PARAWTERS
                                                                                        umber of                                                                                T;-:-n@- of           Date                                                                        number of
          Time                                           minimum       maximum         data points     Time                                   -Tn-dnimum              maxim            t. P,@ints     Time                                          minimum       maximum         data points
          Date                                                                         n               Date


          alpha-BHC (ppm)                                                                    0         Aluminum                                           50            2,180              16         Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO@)                             15          134             69
          beta-BHC                                                                           0         Antimony                                                                            0          Chloride                                            6           60              67
          delta-BHC                                                                          0         Arsenic (ug/L)                                     4K                 -             9          Cyanide, free                                                                     0
          gamma-BHC (Lindane)                                                                0         Beryllium                                                                           0          Grease & Oil Grab                                                                 0
          Heptachlor (ppm)                                                                   0         Cadmium (ug(L)                                     0.2K               -             13         Ammoma-Nitrogen (mg(L)                              0.040       2.099           67
          Aldrin (ppm)                                                                       0         Chromium Total     (ug/L)                          10            20                 14         Nitrite-Nitrogen (mg/L)                             0.002       0.280           67
          Heptachlor epoxide (ppm)                                                           0         Chromium VI (ug/L)                                 10K                -             2          Nitrate-Nitrogen (mg/L)                             0.030       2AOO            68
          alpha-Endosulfan (1)                                                               0         Copper (ug/L)                                      10            20                 14         CBOD5 (-g(L)                                                                      0
          Dieldrin (ppm)                                                                     0         Inon (ug/L)                                        60            3,290              72         BOD5(mg/L)                                                                        0
          4,4'-DDE                                                                           0         Lead (ug/L)                                        25            25                 12         Chemical Oxygen Demand                                                            0
          Endrin (ppm)                                                                       0         Manganese (ug/L)                                   15            180                14         Fecal Colifornt (41100mL)                           to          2,400           30
          beta-Endosulfan (H)                                                                0         Mercury (ug/L)                                     0.2K               -             I I        Phosphorus, total (mg/L)                            0.010       0.990           68
          4,4'-DDD                                                                           0         Nickel (ug1L)                                      10            40                 14         Total Suspended Solids                              1           90              25
          Endosulfan sulfate                                                                 0         Selenium                                           10K                -             I          Hardness (mg/L CaCO3)                               72          234             67
          4,4'-DDT                                                                           0         Silver                                                                              0          pH (s.u.)                                           6.41        9.08            65
          alpha-Chlordane                                                                    0         Thallium                                                                            0          Temperature CC)                                     0.0         29              69
          beta-Chlordane                                                                     0         jZinc (ug/L)                                 1     10            140      1         14     1   Conductivity 25*C (micromho)                        177         500             68
          Toxaphene                                                                          0                                                                                                        lDissolved Oxygen (mg/L W                   1       6           14.6     1      71
          jEndrin Aldehyde                                                                   0      1


          Note: K - Off-scale low. Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance.

                  No Pesticide/PCB analytical results available in STORET database.



                                                                                                                                     MM M M





                                                                                                                                             TABLE 3-5


                                                                               WATER QUALITY MONITORtNG STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                                                           SUMMARIZED STORET DATA


                                                                                                                                  SIXTEENMILE CJ?EEK
                                                                                                                                            (1973 - 1987)





           PEST1CtDES/PCBs                                                                               INORGANICS (total)                                                                              ADDMONAL PAPANIETERS
           Date                                                                         number of        Date                                                                          number of         Date                                                                         number of
           Time                                           minimunt       maximum        data points      Time                                            minimum       maximum         data points       Time                                          minimurn       maximum        data points
           alpha-BHC (ppm)                                                                    0          Aluminum (ug/L)                                     30            890                15         Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3)                                43        183               71
           beta-BHC                                                                           0          Antimony (ug(L)                                                                      0          Chloride                                               9         107               72
           delta-BHC                                                                          0          Arsenic (ug/L)                                      4K                               9          Cyanide, five (ug/L)                                                               0
           gamma-BHC (Lindane)                                                                0          Beryllium                                                                            0          Cirease & Oil Grab (mg/L)                                                          0
           Reptachlor (ppm)                                                                   0          Cadrnium ft/L)                                      0.2K                             14         Ammoriia-Nitrogen (-g/L)                               0.000     1.260             71
           Aldrin (ppm)                                                                       0          Chromium Total     (ug/L)                           0             30                 16         Nittite-Nitrogen (mg/L)                                0.002     0.194             70
           Heptachlor epoxide (ppm)                                                           0          Chromium VI (ug/L)                                  10K               -              6          Ninate-Nitrogen (mg/L)                                 0.042     13.200            69
           alpha-Endosulf- (1)                                                                0          Copper (UgIL)                                       to            40                 13         CBOD5(-gtL)                                                                        0
           Dieldrin (ppm)                                                                     0          Iron (ug/L)                                         20            13,210             75         BOD5 (mg/L)                                            2         7                 2
           4,4'-DDE                                                                           0          Lead (ug/L)                                         8             56                 14         Chemical Oxygen Demand                                                             0
           Endrin (ppm)                                                                       0          Manganese (ug/L)                                    10            430                15         Fecal Coliforin (#/IOOmL)                              20        5,300             30
           beta-Endosulfan (H)                                                                0          Mercury (119/1-)                                    LOK               -              14         Phosphorus, total (mg/L)                               0.020     2.100             72
           4,4'-DDD                                                                           0          Nickel (ug/L)                                       10            40                 14         Total Suspended Solids                                 0.05      90                23
           Endosulfan sulfate                                                                 0          Selenium                                            10K               -              2          Hardness (mg/L CaC%)                                   80        266               71
           4,4'-DDT                                                                           0          Silver                                                                               0          pH (s-u.)                                              7.08      10.00             65
           alpha-Chlordane                                                                    0          Thalliurn                                                                            0          Temperature (10                                        0.0       25.5              67
           beta-Mordane                                                                       0          [Zinc (ug/L)                                 1      10            250      1         14         Conductivity 25-C (micrornho)                          41        796               71
           Toxaphene                                                                          0                                                                                                          jDissolved Oxygen (mg/L 02)                 1          7.0       15.0     1        73
           jEndrin Aldehyde                                                                   0       1


           Note: K - Off-scale low. Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance.

                   No Pesticide[PCB analytical results available in STORET database.



                                                                                                                                           M M M





                                                                                                                                                   TABLE 3-6


                                                                                  WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                                                                SUMMARIZED STORET DATA


                                                                                                                                          CONNEA UT CREEK
                                                                                                                                            (1988 - PRESENT)





           PES'nCIDESWIRs                                                                                    INORGANICS (total)                                                                                 ADDMONAL PARAMETERS
           Date                                                                                in   of       Date                                                                             number f          Date                                                                            number Of
                                                                                                   ints      Time
           Time                                             -inimum        maxim umT:ta bper                                                                  minimum        maximum          data poinots      Time                                             nummurn        maximum         data points
           alpha-BHC (ppm)                                                                       0           Aluminum (ug/L)                                         135        11,110            81            Alkalinity (mg/L CaC%)                               16             148             97
           beta-BHC                                                                              0           Antimony (ug/L)                                                                         0          Chloride                                                                               0
           delta-BHC                                                                             0           Arsenic (ugAL)                                                                          0          Cyanide, free (ug/L)                                                                   0
           gamma-BHC (Lindane)                                                                   0           Beryllium                                                                               0          Cirease & 011 Grab (mg/L)                                                              0
           Heptachlor (ppm)                                                                      0           Cadmium (ug/L)                                                                          0          Ammonia-Mitrogen (mg(L)                              0.020          0.240           90
           Aldrin (ppm)                                                                          0           Chromium Total (ug/L)                                                                   0          britrite-Nitrogen (mg/L)                             0.004          0.030           97
           Heptachlor epoxide (ppm)                                                              0           Chromium VI (ug/L)                                                                      0          Nitrati-Nitrogen (mg/L)                              0.040          4.580           97
           alpha-Endosulfan (1)                                                                  0           Copper (ug/L)                                           10          47               98            CBOD5 (mg/L)                                                                           0
           Dieldrin (ppm)                                                                        0           Iron (ug/L)                                             56        14,400             98            B0135 (mg/L)                                                                           0
           4,4'-DDE                                                                              0           Lead (ug1L)                                             1            8               13            Chemical Oxygen Dentand                                                                0
           Endrin (ppm)                                                                          0           Manganese (ug/L)                                        11         630               91            Fecal Coliform (#/I 00mL)                            60             60                 1
           beta-Endosulfan (H)                                                                   0           Mercury (ug/L)                                          LOK          -                  I          Phosphorus, total (mg/L)                             0.020          0.280           90
           4,4'-DDD                                                                              0           Nickel (ugtL)                                           20          118              98            Total Suspended Solids                               2              327             69
           Endosulfan sulfate                                                                    0           Selenium                                                                                0          Hardness (mg/L CaCO3)                                28             177             97
           4,4'-DDT                                                                              0           Silver                                                                                  0          PH(S-u-)                                             6.40           8.70            97
           alpha-Chlordane                                                                       0           Tballium                                                                                0          Temperature ('C)                                     0              28.3            98
           beta-Chlordane                                                                        0           lZinc; (ug/L)                                           11          74       1       98        1   Conductivity 250C (micromho)                         81             425             94
           Toxaphene                                                                             0                                                                                                              IDissolved Oxygen (Mg/L 02)                          6.6            14.7    1       98
           jEndrin AJdehyde                                                                      0       1



           Note: K - Off-scale low. Actual value not known, but known to be less than value shown. Usually, used to indicate a failure to detect substance.


                   No Pesticide/PCB analytical results available in STORET database.










                          In each of the creeks a number of inorganic parameters were found. [Note that iron
                  has historically been analyzed 3 to 12 times more frequently than other inorganic
                  compounds.] Inorganic parameters such as iron, lead, nickel and zinc are present in samples
                  from all five creeks. The WQC for lead, nickel and zinc vary depending on stream hardness.
                  Mercury exceeds the WQC value in Walnut Creek, once during the 13 samples collected

                  between 1973 and 1987.
                          Data from the additional parameter list indicate that fecal coliform colonies are
                  present in each of the five creeks reporting information. These creeks contained fecal
                  coliform colonies ranging from 0/100 ml to 6,900/100 ml. These data indicate that,
                  historically, fecal coliform colonies have typically been found in the creeks and may be
                  attributable to wildlife, humans, faulty sewage treatment plants or leaky septic systems. The
                  latter two sources are less likely the source; however, since fecal coliform counts from these
                  discharges would be expected to be significantly higher that those reported.
                          In addition to the past biological/chemical studies/surveys performed on the creeks,
                  a fourteen volume Storm Water Management Plan was prepared by Erie County in 1981 for
                  all of the watersheds in Erie County, Pennsylvania which drain into Lake Erie along the
                  Pennsylvania shoreline, using funds provided by the Pennsylvania Coastal Zone
                  Mariagement Program and the Pennsylvania Bureau of Dams and Waterways Management.
                  Only a small fraction of the 1981 plan was implemented, according to the ECDP (Volume 1:
                  Technical Document and Volume 8: Sixteenmile Creek and Twentymile Creek watersheds).
                  Planning, analysis methods, and basic approaches to watershed storm water management
                  have changed since the 1981 plan was prepared. Because of this, a new Storm Water
                  Management Plan has been prepared for the Lake Erie Watershed to address the
                  Pennsylvania Storm Water Management Act 167. This plan was adopted by Erie County
                  Council on June 18, 1996.
                          In 1985, the Erie County Conservation District (ECCD) performed a study to locate
                  excessive phosphorus loading sources to Lake Erie from watersheds in Erie County, PA.
                  The study determined that the most significant nonpoint source of phosphorus pollution to
                  Lake Erie was soil erosion from agricultural cropland. Improper manure management, over
                  fertilizing, and nutrient runoff were secondary sources. Nutrient overloaded acreage


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                 information in the Elk, Walnut, and Twelvemile Creek subwatersheds obtained from this
                 study are presented in Table 3-7. The table indicates that the Elk Creek subwatershed area
                 is five times the area of the next largest subwatershed and has the greatest phosphorus
                 loadings from agricultural sources.
                       The ECCD study also noted that many small sewage treatment plants (STPs)
                 discharged phosphorus at levels considerably higher than permit levels required for larger
                 plants in the Erie County subwatersheds. These small STPs, defined as operating at less than
                 I mgd, were not required to meet effluent limitations of less than I mg/l phosphorus.
                 Currently, these STPs are required to meet discharge limits of less than I mg/l phosphorus.
                 The study noted that three small ST?s were located on Elk Creek from Girard to Lake City.



                                                      TABLE 3-7


                       WATE R QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED

                                       PHOSPHORUS LOAD17VG STUD Y SUMIMR Y
                                      # of farms with 30          Nutrient Overloaded Acreage
                                       or more animals    Over by     Over by    Over by
                 Sub Watershed           given access     Fertilizer I Manure     Both       Total
                 Elk Creek                   15             48          164        386        598

                 Walnut Creek                3              so           0         50         100

                 Twelvemile Creek             1              0           0          0         0



                       Another study investigated for this report was conducted for the Crawford County
                 Conservation District and is entitled "Conneaut Lake Water Quality and Land Use Study,"
                 November 1, 1989. While the Conneaut Lake watershed is outside the Coastal Nonpoint
                 Program management area, the study contains useful information. The Conneaut Lake study
                 addresses phosphorus loadings that contribute to the eutrophic condition of the lake. The
                 study found that approximately half the phosphorus loading to the lake was from sediment
                 release, groundwater, and precipitation. The other half was from surface runoff. No
                 correlation between phosphorus concentrations in streams contributing to Conneaut Lake
                 and agricultural use could be established in the study. Also, no significant relationship


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                       between other land uses (residential and forest) and phosphorus concentrations could be
                       established. The study recommended restrictive zoning and soil conservation programs to
                       help reduce phosphorus loading runoff.























































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                  4.0 SAMPLING / MONITORING


                          Malcolm Pirnie coordinated field sampling and analytical activities to establish a
                  water quality baseline for the Erie County, Pennsylvania area of the Lake Erie Watershed.
                  These activities were completed during the 12-month period of June 1995 through May
                  1996. All samples in this survey were collected and analyzed using the procedures described
                  in the Field Sampling and Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan (Volume 2 of this report)
                  developed by Malcolm Pirnie for the Water Quality Monitoring Study for the Lake Erie
                  Watershed, May 1995, revised June 1995. Laboratory analytical and sample collection
                  activities were conducted by Church Laboratories, Inc. (Church), located in Fairview,
                  Pennsylvania. Church is a certified full-service laboratory that also provides sample
                  collection services. Field and analytical data recorded by laboratory personnel were used
                  to evaluate flow characteristics and potential pollutant loadings. Throughout the course of
                  the sampling activities, the objective was to identify those parameters having the greatest
                  potential to affect pollutant loading to Lake Erie.
                          Malcolm Pirnie inspected each subwatershed to select precise sampling locations that
                  would yield representative results. These sampling stations are situated near creek discharge
                  points, upstream of Lake Erie influences. Specifically:


                            N     The Twelvemile Creek sampling location was adjacent to a concrete
                                  retaining wall on the west side of the creek, appro)dmately 500 yards north
                                  of the Route 5 and Twelvemile Creek crossing. Access was from Shorewood
                                  Drive across Route 5 from Moorheadville Road.


                            a     The Walnut Creek monitoring location was from the south side of the bridge
                                  at the Dutch Road and Walnut Creek crossing.

                            M     The Elk Creek sampling location was on the south side of the Route 5 and
                                  Elk Creek bridge crossing. Access was from Tomes Campground.

                  Listed in Table 4-1 is a summary of the dry and wet weather events monitored. Included are
                  event numbers (including appropriate D for "dry" and W for "wet" designations), sampling
                  dates, precipitation amounts and antecedent dry weather conditions.




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                                                                      TABLE 4-1


                               WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAIKE ERIE WATERSHED

                                                               SAMPLRVGSUA0MRY

                                 Event                      Date                  Precipitation               Antecedent
                               Number                                                (inches)              Dry Period (days)

                                 01D                    June 14,1995                   NA                          7.0

                                 02W                    Aug. 11, 1995                  1.06                        5.9

                                 03W                    Sept. 20, 1995                 0.44                        6.3

                                 04D                    Oct. 3, 1995                   NA                          11.0

                                 05W                    Oct. 5, 1995                   1.67                        2.0

                                 06W                    Nov. 7,1995                    0.52                        2.6

                                 07W                    Nov. 11, 1995                  1.92                        3.0

                                 08W                    April 12,1996                  0.70                        7.8

                                 09W                    April 30,1996                  0.71                        1.0

                                 low                    May 9,1996                     0.77                        4.0

                            NA - Not Applicable                D = Dry Event                 W    Wet Weather Event


                               As noted above, several different precipitation events were captured. Wet weather
                     events monitored reflect approximately 0. 5 inch, 0. 75 inch, 1. 0 inch, 1. 5 inch and nearly 2. 0
                     inch rainfalls. Even the three nearly 0.75 inch precipitation events differ due to the
                     antecedent dry weather conditions. The day before event 09W, creek levels may have
                     elevated slightly due to light shower activity. The antecedent dry weather periods between
                     events 10W and 08W are nearly double. This data demonstrates that a wide range of
                     precipitation events were captured during this study.



                     4.1 DRY WEATHER SAMPLING


                               Dry weather sampling activities were conducted utilizing procedures specified in the
                     Field Sampling and Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan developed by Malcolm Pirnie
                     for this study. The Plan required a minimum of 48 to 72 hours of antecedent dry weather



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                 conditions preceding the collection of these samples. As noted on Table 4- 1, the antecedent
                 dry period for the two dry weather sample events was 7 days (event 0 1 D) and nearly I I days
                 (event 04D). The first dry weather event samples were analyzed for the Table 4-2 list of
                 specified parameters. All analytical tests were performed on total analyte fractions. No
                 dissolved samples were analyzed.
                        The water quality criteria for these parameters are listed in:



                                           TITLE 25. RULES AND REGULATIONS
                                  PART 1. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
                                           Subpart A. PRELIN[INARY PROVISIONS
                                           ARTICLE 11. STATEMENTS OF POLICY


                                         CHAPTER 16. WATER QUALITY TOXICS


                 and,



                                           TITLE 25. RULES AND REGULATIONS
                                  PART 1. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
                                     Subpart C. PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
                                             ARTICLE H. WATER RESOURCES


                                       CHAPTER 93. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS


                        During the first dry weather sampling event, Malcolm Pirnie verified the accuracy
                 of velocity meters that were to be used in this study. The travel times of flotation devices
                 (i.e., oranges) over a predetermined known distance in the creek were recorded with a
                 stopwatch. This information was then compared to the data obtained from velocity meters.
                 Based on the results of this test, the floatation device method of measuring creek velocity
                 was used throughout the study at all three creeks,



                 4.2 WET WEATHER SAMPLING


                        A minimum of 48 to 72 hours of antecedent dry weather conditions preceded 0 wet
                 weather sampling activities except during event 09W. This event followed a day of light
                 showers that was preceded by three days of antecedent dry weather conditions. PLainfall




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                                                                        TABLE 4-2


                               WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                              ANAL YFICAL PARAAMTERS
                              Title 25. Rules and Regulations                              .Title 25. Rules and Regulations
                     Part L Department of Environmental Resources                  Part L Department of Environmental Resources
                            Subpart A. Preliminary Provisions                        Subpart C. Protection of Natural Resources
                               Article IIL Statements of Policy                               Article IL Water Resources
                            Chapter 16. Water Quality Toxics                            Chapter 93. Water Quality Standards
                                      Test Parameters                                               Test Parameters
                                    Antimony                                               Aluminum
                                    Arsenic                                                Alkalinity
                                    Beryllium                                              Ammonia Nitrogen
                                    Cadmium                                                Bacteria/Fecal Coliform
                                    Chromium Total                                         Hardness
                                    Chromium VI                                            Iron
                                    Copper                                                 Manganese
                                    Lead                                                   Nitrite - Nitrogen
                                    Mercury                                                Nitrate - Nitrogen
                                    Nickel                                                 Chloride
                                    Selenium                                               Oil and Grease
                                    Silver                                                 CBOD3
                                    Thallium.                                              Total Suspended Solids
                                    Zinc                                                   Phosphorus
                                    Cyanide (free)                                         COD
                                    Pesticides:                                            Field Measurements:
                                    Aldrin                                                 Dissolved Oxygen
                                    alpha-BHC                                              pH
                                    beta-BHC                                               Temperature
                                    gamrna-BHC (Lindane)                                   Conductivity
                                    delta-BHC
                                    alpha-Chlordane
                                    gamma-Chlordane
                                    4,4'-DDT
                                    4,4'-DDE
                                    4,4'-DDD
                                    Dieldrin
                                    alpha-Endosulfan
                                    beta-Endosulfan
                                    Endosulfan Sulfate
                                    Endrin
                                    Endrin Aldehyde
                                    Heptachlor
                                    Heptachlor Epoxide
                                    Toxaphene
                  Note: Allgarameters analwed are total anajyteï¿½:actiow.




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                       intensity and duration, time of travel, and estimated flows were factors used to determine
                       when wet weather sampling was conducted.
                                 Event specific creek velocities were measured as described in the following section.
                       Table 4-3 summarizes the average velocity and depth of flow for each monitored event at
                       Twelvemile, Walnut and Elk Creeks.



                                                                             TABLE 4-3

                                 WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAIKE ERIE WATERSHED

                                                              VELOCITYAND DEP7N SUADMRY

                                             Twelvemile Creek                     Walnut Creek                          Elk Creek
                                                 (7.8 miles)                         (16.9 miles)                       (28.8 miles)
                                                           Depth at                           Depth at                           Depth at
                                          Average           Sample           Average           Sample           Average           Sample
                                          Velocity          station          Velocity          Station          Velocity          Station

                         Event            (ftJsec.)           (ft.)          (ftisec.)           (ft.)           (ftjsec.)           (ft.)

                            OID             0.50              0.73              2.47             0.51              1.41              0.71

                            02W             4.49              1.71              4.26             0.90              1.46              2.85

                            03W             0.73              0.69              2.14             0.42              1.02            NAM

                            04D             0.21              0.42              1.39             0.39              0.73              1.93

                            05W             3.22              1.25              4.45             1.45              2.81              2.54

                            06W             5.40              1.67              3.81             0.78              3.79              2.72

                            07W             10.20             3.17              7.07             2.09              8.50              5.64

                            08W             4.53              1.78              3.47             0.71              2.70              2.59

                            09W             7.17              2.50              6.10             1.73              6.50              6.17

                            1 OW            5.50              2.00              8.23             2.58              5.83              8.00

                               NA - Not Applicable                  NAM - Not A ble to Measure

                        Note: Assumes uniform distribution of average rainfall, monitored by seven City of Erie precipitation
                        gauges, across all three subwatershe,*.











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                   4.3 DEPTH AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS


                          Procedures for collecting depth and velocity measurements were developed following
                   initial visits to the selected sample sites. Based on an evaluation of the sample collection
                   location, the number of depth and velocity measurements required during each "round" of
                   sampling was determined.
                          During each round of sampling, the orange velocity test was performed three times.
                   The oranges were released in what visually appeared to be the "normal flow" section of each
                   creek. We attempted to complete the flotation tests away from swirling eddys and quiescent
                   areas of the creeks. The flotation test was conducted a series of three times. An average of
                   the three measurements was assumed to be the representative velocity for the creek being
                   sampled and is reported in Table 4-3.
                          Depth measurements were acquired from Twelvemile and Elk Creeks by setting a
                   surveying rod on the creek bottom and measuring the water's depth each time grab samples
                   were collected. The average of these three measurements was calculated and recorded in
                   Table 4-3. A water level indicator was used to measure water surface elevation with respect
                   to the Dutch Road bridge crossing at up to ten locations across Walnut Creek. Access at
                   Twelvemile and Elk Creeks did not allow this type of measurement. A survey crew was
                   hired to measure the distance between the creek bed and the bridge crossing at each station.
                   The difference of these two measurements is the depth of the water. Measurements were
                   collected during each of the three grab sample times for each event. The average depth is
                   reported in Table 4-3.



                   4.4 INITIAL SAMPLING


                          Table 4-4 illustrates the overall sampling program approach utilized in this study.
                   On June 14, 1995, three grab samples of equal volume were collected over a 6-hour period
                   of time at each location, composited by the analytical laboratory, and tested for the complete
                   parameter list (see Table 4-2), except as footnoted in Table 4-4. The approved USEPA
                   methods and detection limits used by the laboratory to analyze the parameters are listed in



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                    Table 4-5. The analytical results of this dry weather sampling event were used as a baseline
                    for the study.
                             In addition, one round of wet weather samples were collected at all three monitoring
                    locations and analyzed for the full Est of parameters on August 11, 1995. Sample collection
                    was conducted as described in section 4.2 during the storm events.


                                                                  TABLE44


                            WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                              17VITL4LL Y PROPOSED SAMPLEVG APPROA CH

                      Initial Monitoring (Spring and Summer Season):


                                     I Event (dry)                  6-hour composite - Full list of parameters

                                     I Event (wet)                  6-hour composite - Full list of parameters


                      Intermediate Reduced Parameter Sampling (Spring and Summer Season):


                                     I Event (dry)                  6-hour composite - Initial parameters-of-interest

                                     3 Events (wet)                 6-hour composite - Initial parameters-of-interest


                      Reduced Parameter Sampling (Fall Season):


                                     4 Events (wet)                 6-hour composite - Final parameters-of-interest


                      Note:        As detailed infield sampling and Quality AssurancelQuality Control Plan (Volume 2), one
                                   grab sample was collected during Round 2 of each event and analyzedfor thefollowing
                                   parameters:
                                        Fecal Coliform
                                        Oil and Grease
                                        Cyanide (free)

                                   Three individual grab samples were collected during each of the three sample rounds of
                                   each event, analyzed and the results averaged to obtain the composite Chromium 1/7
                                   value.


                                   Three individual grab samples were collected during each ofthe three sample rounds of
                                   each event, composited in the laboratory and one single analysis performed on each
                                   composite.for all other non-field tested parameters.





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                                                                          TABLE 4-5


                                WATER QUAL][TY MONITORING STUDY FOR TBE LAKE ERIE WATERSBED

                                        Approved USEPA Analytical Meth ods and Detection Lbnitsfor Inorganics


                                     Parameter                            Analytical                        Method Detection
                                                                            Method                              Limit mX4

                         Aluminum                                            202.1                                  0.1

                         Antimony                                            204.2                                  0.003

                         Arsenic                                             206.2                                  0.001

                         Beryllhun                                           210.1                                  0.005

                         Cadmium                                             213.2                                  0.0001

                         Chromium                                            218.1                                  0.05

                         Chromiuln, hexavalent                               218.4                                  0.01

                         Copper                                              220.2                                  0.001

                         Iron                                                236.1                                  0.03

                         Lead                                             239.1/239.2                            0.1/0.001

                         Manganese                                           243.1                                  0.01

                         Mercury                                             245.1                                  0.0002

                         Nickel                                              249.1                                  0.04

                         Selenium                                            270.2                                  0.002

                         Silver                                              272.2                                  0.0002

                         Thallium                                         279.1/279.2                           0.1/0.001

                         Zinc                                                289.1                                  0.005



                       4.5 INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER SAMPLING


                                After the initial dry and wet weather event sampling and analysis, a meeting was held
                       with representatives of the ECDP, DEP, ECDH and Malcolm Pirnie to evaluate parameter
                       concentrations with respect to:

                                          Presence above detection limits.
                                          lEstorical presence above detection limits.
                                   0      Potential pollutant loading to Lake Erie.




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                          The fall parameter list was reduced based on these criteria. Pesticides, off and grease
                   and free cyanide were deleted from the list of parameters. All inorganic parameters
                   remained on the analytical list pending further evaluation of analytical data by ECHD and
                   DEP representatives.


                   4.6 REDUCED PARAMETER SAMPLWG


                          Following the second wet weather sampling event another meeting was held with
                   representatives of the ECDP, DEP, ECDH and Malcolm Pirnie to evaluate parameter
                   concentrations with respect to:


                             0    Frequency of presence above detection limits.
                             N    Existing water quality standards.
                             0    Potential pollutant loading to Lake Erie.


                          Based upon these criteria, the intermediate parameter list was further reduced for
                   future sampling efforts. The objective was to concentrate sampling efforts on those
                   parameters which have the greatest potential impact on pollutant loadings to Lake Erie. The
                   inorganic parameters, Antimony, Beryllium, Chromium VI, Mercury, Selenium and
                   Thallium were deleted from the analytical parameter list (see Table 4-6).



                                                            TABLE 4-6


                          WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                          ANA L FTIC,4 L PA RAMETER LIST RED UCTIONS

                      Sampling Round            Sampling Event             Parameters Deleted from Full List

                    Initial               01D, 02W                    N/A

                    Intermediate          03W                         Pesticides, Oil & Grease, Free Cyanide

                    Final                 041), 05W, 06W, 07W, 08W,   Pesticides, Oil & Grease, Free Cyanide,
                                          09w, low                    Antimony, Berylliuni@ Chromium VI, Mercury,
                                                                      Selenium, Thallium









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                   5.0 DATA EVALUATION


                          During the course of the sampling period, precipitation information was collected
                   from seven rain gauges located throughout the City of Erie, Pennsylvania. These rain gauges
                   were used to indicate the frequency and magnitude of storm events affecting flows in
                   Twelvemile, Walnut and Elk Creeks. The precipitation monitor locations are identified on
                   Figure 5-1 with respect to each creek location. Figure 5-2 is an enlargement of the City of
                   Erie and illustrates specific rain gauge locations.       A summary of each individual
                   precipitation monitor rainfall is presented in Table 5-1. This information is presented in
                   graphical format on an annual basis for each rain gauge in Appendix A of this report.
                   Monthly precipitation tables for all rain gauges are also located in Appendix A.
                   Precipitation data for all seven rain gauges are available in 15-minute tabular format at the
                   City of Erie Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW). Table 5-2 illustrates this data at
                   rain gauge 3 (RG3) for events 06W (November 7, 1995) and 07W (November 10-11, 1995).
                   As shown in this table, precipitation during event 07W began late on November 10, 1995
                   and continued into November 11, 1995. Therefore, the sum of both days precipitation was
                   added to reflect the total rainfall for the event.

                          The actual monitored precipitation associated with each wet weather event and the
                   corresponding antecedent dry period is presented in Table 4- 1. Antecedent dry periods were
                   calculated by averaging the number of rain-free days prior to a wet weather sampling event
                   at all seven rain gauges. The antecedent dry period for event 09W is listed as 1.0 day in
                   Table 4- 1. Tlus event was preceded by one day of light rainfall which was preceded by three
                   days of dry weather conditions.
                          Historical precipitation records from the Erie International Airport Weather Office
                   were collected for a twenty year period starting in 1971. This information was collected for
                   comparative purposes with actual monitored wet event precipitation and is presented in
                   Table 5-3. This data is also presented graphically on Figure 5-3.








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                                                                                          TABLE 5-1


                                                  WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                   )WNFALLSUMMARY




       Rain Gauge          01D             04D*            02W              03W           05W**            06W             07W#                 08W             09W             low
                      June14,1995 0rt.3,1995 Aug.11,1995 Sept.20,1995 Oct-5,1995 Nov.7,1995 Nov.10-11,1995 Aprill.2,1996 April30,1996 Nby9,1996
                          Rainfall       Rainfall        Rainfall         Rainfall        Rainfall       Rainfiill        Rainfall           Rainfall         Rainflill       R; nfall
                          (inches)       (inches)        (inches)         (inches)        (inches)       (inches)         (inches)           (inches)         (inches)        (inches)
             1             0.00            0.00            0.93             0.47            1.67           0.51              1.61               0.65            0.51            0.87
             2             0.00            0.00            0.98             0.43            1.44           0.49              1.80               0.87            0.67            n/a
             3             0.00            0.00            1.25             0.44            1.76           0.50              2.12               0.59            0.77            0.81
             4             0.00            0.00            0.94             0.00            1.76           0.59              2.14               0.86            0.73            0.64
             5             0.00            0.00            0.92             0.37            1.64           0.52              2.03               0.59            0.92            0.62
             6             0.00            0.00            1.13             0.49            1.75           0.54              1.87               0.63            0.68            0.81
             7             0.00            0.00            1.27             0.43            1.67           0.49              1.89               n/a             0.69            0.85
          average          0.00            0.00            1.06             0.44            1.67           0.52              1.92               0.70            0.71            0.77


        Notes:
         Samples for dry weather event 04D were collected between 7:30 AM and 12:30 PM on Oct. 3, 1995.
         The earliest rainfall activity occurred at 4:15 PM on Oct. 3, 1995 at the 7 rain gauges and averaged 0.62 inches.
          Rainfall event occurred on Nov. 10 and Nov. 11, 1995
         Precipitation began late on Nov. 10 and sampling started early Nov. 11. Therefore, the total rainfall is the sum of rainfall for both days.
       n/a - Rain gauge data not available.








                                                                        TABLE 5-2


                               WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                             15 MINUTE RAINFALL DATA
                                                                     RAIN GA UGE 3




                  MONDAY              TUESDAY             WEDNESDAY           THURSDAY             FRIDAY              SATURDAY            SUNDAY
                  ll/D6/95            11/07/95            ll/D8/95            11/09/95             11/10/95            11/11/95            11/12/95
              RAIN                RAIN                RAIN                 RAIN                RAIN               RAIN                  RAIN
               (in)               (in)                (in)                 (in)                (in)               (in)                  (in)
                                                      =zx=z==z=====xzz    xz  @=@Zxm                   zx2===mZ

        0:00
         :15
         :30
         :45                                                                                                      0.01
        1:00                                                                                                      0.01
         :15
         :30                                                                                                      0.02
         :45                                                                                                      0.02
                                                                                                                  0.03
         :15                                                                                                      0.03
        2::3,00                                                                                                   0.04
         :45                                                                                                      0.01
        3:00                                                                                                      0.02
         :15                                                                                                      0.03
         :30
         :45                                                                                                      0.01
        4:00                                          0.01
         :15                                                                                                      0.01
         :30                                          0.01                                                        0.01
         :41                                                                                                      0.01
        5:00                      0.01                                                                            0.02
         :15                      0.02                                                                            0.01
         :30                      0.02                                                                            0.01
         :45                      0.03                                                                            0.02
        6:00                      0.04                                                                            0.01
         :15                      0.03                                                                            0.04
         :30                      0.03                                                                            0.04
         :45                      0.02
        7:00                      0.01
         :15                      0.01                0.01                                                        0.01
         :30                      0.01
         :45                      0.01
        8:00                      0.01
         :15                      0.03
         :30                      0.03
         :45                      0.03                                                                            0.02
        9:00                      0.03                                                                            0.01
         :15                      0.03
         :30                      0.04                                                                            0.01
         :45                      0.03                                                                            0.01
        10:00                                                                                                     0.01
         .15                                                                                                      0.01
         :30                                                                                                      0.02
         :45                                                                                                      0.01
       11:00                                                                                                      0.02
         :15                                                                                                      0.01
         :30                                                                                                      0.01
         :45                                                                                                      0.01








                                                                         TABLE 5-2


                                WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                              15 MINUTE RAINFALL DA TA
                                                                      RAINGAUGE3



                   MONDAY              TUESDAY             WEDNESDAY           THURSDAY            FRIDAY              SATURDAY             SUNDAY
                   11/06/95            11/07/95            11/08/95            11/09/95            11/10/95            11/11/95             11/12/95
               RAIN               RAIN                RAIN                 RAIN                RAIN                RAIN                 RAIN
               (in)               (in)                (in)                 (in)                (in)                (in)                 (in)
                                                      wwww"asallowww"      vwx                                     o"Wrimmu.sommas
        12:00                     0.01                                                                             0.03
          :15                                                                                                      0.02
          :30                                                                                                      0.02
          :45                                                              0.01                                    0.03
        13:011                    0.01                                     0.02                                    0.02
          :15                                                                                                      0.01
          :30                     0.01                                     0.01                                    0.03
          :45                                                              0.01                                    0.02
        14:00                                                                                                      0.02
          :15                                                                                  0.01                0.03
          :30                                                                                                      0.02
          :45                                                                                  0.02                0.03
        15:00                                                                                                      0.05
          :15                                                                                  0.01                0.03
          :30                                                                                  0.01                0.16
          :45                                                                                  0.02                0.06
        16:00                                                                                  0.02                0.03
          :15                                                                                                      0.04
          :30                                                                                  0.02                0.03
          .45                                                                                  0.03                0.02
        17:00                                                                                  0.02                0.02
          :15                                                                                  0.01                0.03
          :30                                                                                  0.04                0.04
          :45                                                                                                      0.01
        18:00                                                                                                      0.01
          :15                                                                                  0.01                0.01
          :30                                                                                  0.05                0.01
          :45                                                                                  0.04                0.01
        19:00                                                                                  0.04
          :15                                                                                  0.01                0.01
          :30
          :45
        20:00                                                                                  0.03
          ;15                                                                                  0.03                0.01
          :30                                                                                  0.01
          .45                                                                                  0.01
        21:00
          :15                                                                                  0.02
          :30                                                                                  0.02
          :45                                                                                  0.03
        22:00                                                                                  0.05
          :15                                                                                  0.06
          :30                                                                                  0.05
          :45                                                                                  0.02
        23:00
          :15
          :30
          :45


       TOTAL:                     0.50                0.03                 0.05                0.69                1.43
                                  Z"*Z                xamo                 0-0                 -002                0000















                                                                          TABLE 5-3

                                WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAIKE ERIE WATERSHED

                                                                HISTORICAL PRECIPITATION

                                                   WATER EQUIVALENT PRECIPITATION

                                   Year              0.01" or more         0.1" or more         0.5" or more          1.0" or more

                                   1971                    167                   91                   21                    5

                                   1972                    177                   96                   25                    10

                                   1973                    163                   80                   19                    6

                                   1974.                   182                   107                  22                    6

                                   1975                    168                   92                   31                    7


                                   1976                    175                   98                   26                    9


                                   1977                    171                   103                  41                    20


                                   1978                    154                   77                   24                    5


                                   1979                    180                   89                   36                    12

                                   1980                    159                   95                   28                    11

                                   1981                    170                   92                   24                    9

                                   1982                    171                   110                  24                    10

                                   1983                    148                   91                   31                    9


                                   1984                    179                   96                   24                    3

                                   1985                    184                   108                  23                    9

                                   1986                    177                   93                   26                    9

                                   1987                    159                   87                   27                    10

                                   1988                    171                   94                   21                    7


                                   1989                    189                   105                  27                    8

                                   1990                    158                   98                   31                    12


                        Average                            170.1                 95.1               26.55                 8.85

                        Variance                         109.79                 71.29               27.04                 12.03

                        Std. Dev.                          10.48                 8.44                 5.2                 3.47

                        Maximum                            189                   110                  41                    20

                        Minimum                            148                   77                   19                    3







                        2758-001-130                                           5-2


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       mm






                                                                                                     WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                                                                                         FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                                                       VI-1 D11 A 'PI                              I-TTD17U
                                                                                                                                      ON
                            200                                                               HISTORICALP                                   FRE01JF

                                    x

                            180     . ...................................  ........ ....................  ...........
                                                                              ..................  ............. ......................................... ........................................
                                                                                                                                           ......................................... ........ ................................. ............... . . . ............... ... ... ... ............ ... .. ........ .. ............  .....




                            160     . .. . . . ........... ......... .......................................... .........................................
                                                                                                 ......................................... ........................................  ......................................... ........ ............................... ..................................





                            140



                            120     ....... . . . ............ ...... ....... ................................ ...........  ...................... ......................................... ........ ................................ ................................  .................. ...................... .......................................... .........................................




                                             ........... ------- ..........  ...........
                            100     .. . . .........                          .......................  .................. ......................................... ........ ............................. ......................................... ................... ..................... ............  ............................



                                    .... .............................I .........  ............................
                                                                              .......................................... ................................... ...... ..........................................  ......................................... ......................................... ...................... ........................ ................ ...............................





                             60
                                                                                                                                                                                                         y
                                                                                                                                                                                                               -35.828Ln(x) + 7.0696
                                                                                                                          03W                                                                                      R' = 0.9825
                             40     ......... .. . ............ .. . ..... .................................  ............. .................................... .. . ........ ........................... ....................... . .........
                                                                                                                  .. .. .... ......... . ... . . ........x06W ... ....... .                                ................... ............
                                                                                                                                                                             08W
                                                                                                                                                                                              low

                                         ............ .................. ........ ................................ .................................... ................................. .......................................  ................................................. ........................... ................................... .......................... ....................  ....................
                             20
                                                                                                                    7T8,                                                        09W
                                0
                                   0                 0.1                   0.2                   0.3                0.4                0.5                  0.6                 0.7                  0.8                 0.9
                     Notes:       X - td % W                b          ieelagmalionsaloft olgIch.                         Precipitation (inches)
                                Even    s        , @Va@d%Vw re                    exces          1%






                   WRI Y1
                            To determine the anticipated frequency of sampled wet weather events that occurred
                    during the course of this study, the historical precipitation information collected at the Erie
                    International Airport was plotted in terms of precipitation magnitude and event frequency
                    (seeFigure5-1). The data points in Table 5-3 were fit to a second order logarithmic curve
                    with an W--O. 98, a lower limit of 0. 0 1 inches of rain and an upper limit of 1. 0 inches of rain.
                    The precipitation magnitude for each sampled event was then plotted on the curve.
                            Figure 5-3 illustrates that a precipitation event with the same magnitude of 03W is
                    expected to occur approximately 37 times every year. Likewise, an event with a similar
                    magnitude to 06W may occur approximately 30 times and an event similar to events 08W,
                    09W and I OW may occur about 17 to 20 times a year. Wet weather events 02W, 05W and
                    07W are not illustrated on Figure 5-3 as precipitation associated with these events exceeded
                    1.0 inches. However, the figure does indicate that rainfall events with magnitudes similar
                    to 02W, 05W and 07W are expected to occur approximately 7 or less times a year based on

                    historical information.



                    5.1 WATER QUALITY EVALUATION


                            5.1.1 Dry Weather Conditions
                            Water Quality Criteria (WQQ and Water Quality Standards (WQS), as summarized
                    in Table 54, were not exceeded for any parameter tested under dry weather conditions. As
                    summarized in Table 5-5, data collected and analyzed for each of the three creeks monitored
                    during two dry weather events indicates that there is no significant point or non-point
                    sources of pollution along any of these creeks. The data reported during the two dry weather
                    sampling events on June 14, 1995 and October 3, 1995 were one time grab samples. All
                    parameters tested (i.e. pesticides/PCBs, inorganics and additional parameters) during dry
                    weather conditions were either below detection limits or less than water quality criteria set
                    by the DER Individual event specific data summaries are included in Appendix B.











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                                                                                                               Table 54



                                                        WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                                 WATER QUALITY CRITERJA


                                                                                                     DEP CHP`r 16 WQC                                                           DEP CHP`r 93 WQS
                             PESTICIDES/PCBs                                              CCC                                       CM                                                   TABLE3
                                                                                          (1410)                                    (PO)                                            (MA)                            CU
                  alpha-BHC                                                               n/a                                       n/a
                  bela,BHC                                                                n/a                                       n/a

                  delta-BHC                                                               n/a                                       n1a
                  gamma-BHC (Lindane)                                                                                                                                           0.001 (X)
                  Heptachlor                                                                                                                                                    0.001 (X)
                  Aldrin                                                                                                                                                        0.00 1 (X)
                  Heptachlor epoxide                                                      0.1                                       0.9
                  alpha-Endosulfan (1)                                                    0.056                                     0.22
                  Dieldrin                                                                                                                                                      0.001 (X)
                  4,4'-DDE                                                                0.001                                     1.1
                  Endrin                                                                                                                                                        0.002 (X)
                  beta-Endosulfan (11)                                                    0.056                                     0.22
                  1,4'-DDD                                                                0.001                                     1.1
                  Endosulfan, sulfate                                                     n/a                                       n/a
                    ,4'-DDT                                                               0.001                                     1.1
                    pha-Chlordane                                                                                                                                                     (X)
                    amma-Chlordane                                                                                                                                                    (X)
                    oxaphcne                                                                                                                                                    0.00g (X)
                  Endrin Aldehyde                                                         n/a                                       n/a


                  NOTES:
                  DEP CRPT 16 WQC          Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                           Chapter 16 Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Substances
                                           effective March 11, 1989,19 Pa. B. 1059
                  DEP CHPT 93 WQS          Pennsylvania Dcpament of Environmental Protection
                                           Chapter 93 Water Quality Standar&
                                           effective March 11, 1989, 19 Pa. B. 1059
                  CCC - criterion continuous concentration (for long-term protection)
                    MC - criterion maximum concentration (for short-term prottcti(m)
                  n/a - not applicable
                  0 , limit for Chlordane @ 0,06 pgA (X)
                  (X) - Chapter 93 Water Quality Criteria Designated Water Use Drainage List - Lake Erie
























                    f.\uscm\millar\2785001\mWyt\paramL_lm.xis















                                                                                     Table 54



                                           WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                          WATER Q UALITY CRITERJA


                                                                             DEP CHPT 16 WQC                                          DEP CHPT 93 WQS
                      INORGANICS                                    CCC                             CMC                                     TABLE3
                                                                                                                                                                   CU

             Aluminum                                                                                                                0. 1(96hrLC3o)                I
             Antimony                                               219                             1,095
             Arsenic                                              190(As3+)                       360(As3+)
             Berylli                                            0.01(96hrLC,)                   0.05(96hrLCo)
             Ca into                                                                                                              0.0 1 (96hr LC,) (X)
             Chromium Total                               I I+EXP(O.819 (InH)+1.561)      16+EXP(O.819 (InH)+3.688)
             Chromium VI                                             I I                             t6
             Copper                                         EXP(O.9545 (InH)-1.465)         EXP(O.9422 (InH)-1.464)
             Iron                                                                                                                    0.3 mg/I * (X)                I
             Lead                                           EXP(I.266 (tnH)-4.66 1)         EXP(I.266 OnH).1.416)
             Manganese                                                                                                                  1 M84                      2
             Mercury                                                                                                                 0.2 pg1I ** (X)
             Nickel                                        EXP(O.846 (InH)+-1.1645)        EXP(0.846 (InH)+3.3612)
             Selenium                                                                                                                 10 118/1 (X)
             Silver                                                 0.2                      EXP (1.72 (InH)-6.52)
             Thallium                                              0.018                            0.09
             7inc                                          EXP(0.9473 (InH)+0.7614)        EXP(O.9473 (InH)+0.8604)


             NOTES:
             DEP CHPT 16 WQC    Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                Chpt 16 Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Substances
                                effective March 11, 1989,19 Pa. B. 1059
             DEP CHPT 93 WQS =Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards
                                effective March 11, 1999,19 Pa. B. 1059
             CCC - criterion continuous concentration (for long-term protection)
             CMC - criterion maximum concentration (for short-term protection)
             Table 3 - located on pages 93.7 through 93.15 of Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards
             CU = Critical Use: 1) Aquatic Life; 2) Water Supply
             LC50 = The concentration ofpollutant in test waters that is lethal to 50% oftest organisms over a specified time period.
             H = Hardness

               This value or natural levels, whichever is greater.
                - in an unfil   ater sample
             (X) - Chapter 93 Water Quality Criteria Designated Water Use Drainage List - Lake Ejic






















               f.\users\millar\2785001\iuWyt\pwom_lm.xls















                                                                                                                    Table 54



                                                           WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                                     WATER QUALITY CRITERM


                                                                                                          DEP CHPT 16 WQC                                                              DEP CHVT 93 WQS
                      ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS                                                  CCC                                        CMC                                                     TABLE3

                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Cu

                   Alkalinity (ragn CaC03)                                                                                                                                           minimumof20                               I
                   Chlride'mg1l'                                                                                                                                                           250                                 2
                   Cyanide, firce (pg4)                                                        5                                          22
                   Grew & Oil Grab (mgA)                                                                                                                                                    2                                  2
                   Ammonin-Nitrogen                                                                                                                                          (NHrN). (log-'[pK7-pH]-l)
                   Nitrite-Nitrogen (mg/1)                                                                                                                                           N%+NO3=10                                 2
                   Nitrate-Nitrogen (mg/1)                                                                                                                                            (as nitrogen)
                     BODS
                   Chemical Oxygen Demand
                   Fecal Coliform (#/100tnl)                                                                                                                                            BACI (X)                               3
                   Phosphorus, total                                                                                                                                                      (P) 00
                   Total Suspended Solids
                   Hardness (mg/l CaCO3)                                                                                                                                      max. monthly mean of 150
                   pH (s.u.) 0 [field]                                                                                                                                                 6.5 - 9.0 (X)                           I
                   Temperature (*C) $ [field]                                                                                                                                                                                  I
                   Conductivity (mv/cm) * [field]
                   Dissolved Oxygen (M94 02) * [field]                                                                                                                               minimum of 5.0                      1     1
                   @EMPT 16 WQC = Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                              Chpt 16 Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Substances
                                              effective March 11, 1989, 19 Pa. B. 1059
                   DEP CHPT 93 WQS = Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                              Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards
                                              effective March 11, 1989, 19 Pa. B. 1059
                   CCC - criterion continuous concentration (for long-term protection)
                     MC - criterion maximum concentration (for short-term protection)
                       le 3 - located on pages 93.7 through 93.15 of Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards
                   CU = Critical Use: 1) Aquatic Life; 2) Water Supply; 3) Recreation
                   # - colonies
                   BAC I - MAX = geometric mean of 200/100ml based on not less than 5 samples taken over not more than a thirty-day period
                   * [fit d] - average of the 3 grab samples measured in the field
                   (P) - Concentrations should be limited to the extent necessary to prevent nuisance growths of algae, weeds, and slimes that are or may become injurious to any beneficial water use.
                   (X) - Chapter 93 Water Quality Criteria Designated Water Use Drainage List - Lake Eric






















                     f.\uscn\tnillar\2785001\analyt\parmi@_lm.xls











                                                                                                    Table 5-5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Table 5-5


                                                                         WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                                                            FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                         POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY


                      PESTICIDES/PCBs
                      Event                                                         OID                                            04D                                             02W                                             03W                                            05W                                             06W                                             07W                                            08W                                           09W                                              low
                        ate                                                   June 14, 1995                                    Oct, 3,1995                                    Aug. 11, 1995                                  Sept. 20, 1995                                                                                                                                                                                 April 12,1996
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            I                 Oct. 5,1995                                    Nov. 7, 1995                                                   1                                                                              April 30,1996                                   Mav. 9,1996
                      Creek                                      12 Mile Walnut                     Elk         12 Mile Walnut                     Elk          12 Mile         Walnut             Elk          12 Mile Walnut                     Elk          12 -Mile       Walnut                          12 Mile         Walnut             Elk          12 Mile Walnut                    Fl-k 12 Mile               -Walnut              Elk                                            Elk          12 Mile Walnut                     Elk
                      Units                                         (Agil)          (pg/1)          (pg/1)          (PM)           (ug/l)          (119/1)         (Pgil)          (Pg/D           (tag/b          (pg/1)          (99/1)          ("gil)                         (pg/1)                          (pg/1)          (pg/l)          (pg/l)          (pg/l)          (PgA)                          (99/1)          (pg/1)          (PgA)                                          (pg/l)          (AgA)           (pgA)           (pgA)
                      alpha-BHC                                     0.02            @0.02           <0.02                                                          @0.02           <0.02           <0
                      beta-B14C                                     <0.02           <0.02           0.02                                                           <0.02           <0.02           <0.
                      delta-BHC                                     <0.02           0.02            <0.02                                                          <0.02           <0.02           <0..
                      gamma-BHC (Lindane)                           <0.02           <0.02           <0.02                                                          e0,02           <0.02           < 0..
                      Heptachlor                                    @0.04           <0.04           <0.04                                                          <0.04           @0.04           @0.
                      Aldrin                                        <04             <0.4            <0.4                                                           @0.4            <04             <0..

                      Heptachlor epoxide                            <0.02           <0.02           <0.02                                                          <0.02           <0.02           <0.02
                      alpha-Endmulfan (1)                           <0.01           @0.01           0.01                                                           <0.01           <0.01           '0.01
                      Dieldrin                                      @0.5            @0.5            <0,5                                                           <0.5            <0.5            @0.5

                      4,4'-DDE                                      <0.01           <0.01           <0.01                                                          '0M             <0.01           <0.01
                      Endrin                                        <0.01           <0.01           <0.01                                                          <0.01           <0.01           <0.01

                      bc.-Endoulfan (11)                            <0.01           <0.0 I          <0.01                                                          '0.01           <0.01           <0.0 I
                      4,4'-DDD                                      <0.01           <0.01           <0.01                                                          <0.01           <0.01           <0.01
                      Fndosulfan sulfate                            <0.01           <0.01           <0.01                                                          @0.01           <0.01           <0.01
                      4,4'-DDT                                      <0.01           <0.01           '0.01                                                          <0.01           <0.01           <O.Ot
                      alpha-Chlordane                               <0.2            <0.2            <0.2                                                           <0.2            <0.2            <0.2
                      gamma-Chlordane                               0.2             <0.2            <0                                                             <0.2            <0.
                                                                                                         @.2                                                                             2         <0.2
                      Toxaphene,                                    < 1.0           <1.0            <1.0                                                           <.0             < 1.0           '1.0
                      Endrin Aldehyde                               <0.0 I          <0.01           .0.01                                                          <0.01     I     <0.01           <0.01
                      Velocity (ft.isec.)$$                         0.5             2A7             1.51            0.21           1.39            0.73            4.49            4.26            1 @46           0.73            2.14            1.02          3.22-            4.45--        2.81**            5.40            3.81            3.79            10.2            7              8.5             4.5             3.5             2.7              7.2            6.1            6.5             5.5             8.2             5.8
                      Depth ft)Sl                                   0.73            0.51            0.71            0.42           0.39            1.93            1.71            0.90            2.85            0.69            0.42            n/d           1.25-            1.45-         2.54-             1.67            0.78            2.72            3.17            2.09           5.64            1.78            0.71            2.59            2.50            1.73           6.17            2.00            2.58            8.00
                      Estimated Creek Flow (cfs)                    3.72            51.8            18.5            0.55           17.6            29.5            127             220             99.6            4.96            29.8            n(f            55.6            213             162             147             147             222             830             1,110         2,150            137             122             160             387             875            1,910           202             1,750          2,810
                      Rainfall (inches) RIF                         0.00            0.00            0.00            0.00           0.00            0,00            1.06            1.06            1.06          0.44 &            0.44 &       0.44 &            L67             1.67            1.67            0.52            0.52            0.52         1.92 &&         1.92 &&        1.92 &&          0.70 &          0.70 &         0.70 &            0.7 L           0.71            0.71          0.77 &         0.77 &          0.77 &
                      Antecedent Dry Period (days)                  6.0             6.0             6.0             9.9            9.9             9.9             5.9             5.9             5.9             6.3             6.3-            6.3             2.0            2.0             2.0            -2.6             2.6             2.6             3.0             3.0            3.0             7.8             7.8             7.8           1.0 -R         1.0 *R            1.0 -R          4.0             4.0             4.0
                      Notes:

                            average of 3 measurements
                            average of 4 measurements
                                                                analyte eliminated from sampling program
                      n/d - depth measurement not available
                      n/f - flow could not be estimated without depth measurement
                      & - Average of 6 min gauge measurements collected in City of Erie
                      && - Rainfall event occurred on Nov. 10 and Nov. 11, 1995
                      *R - Rainfall event preceded by I day of light min preceded by 3 days antecedent dry conditions
                                                                -exceed
                                                                               Ch ter
                                                                         s DEP a, 16 CCC limit                                               CCC - for long-term protection
                                                                exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC and CMC limits                                    CMC - for short-term protection








                                                                                                                        Table 5-5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Table 5-5

                                                                                         WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                                                                            FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                         POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY


                          INORGANICS
                          Event                                                                      01D                                                       04D                                                       02W                                                       03W                                                       05W                                                       06W                                                       07W                                                         08W                                                      09W                                                       low
                          Date                                                                June 14, 1995                                               Oct. 3, 1995                                             Aug.ll,tm                                                Sept. 20, 1995                                             Oct. 5, 1995                                              Nov. 7, 1995                                             Nov. 11, 1995                                                April 12, 1996                                            April 30, 1996                                            May 9,1996
                          Creek                                                  12 Mile             Walnut             Elk                 12 Mile Walnut                         Elk                12 Mile            Walnut             Elk                12 Mile             Walnut I Elk                          12 Mile             Walnut             Elk             12 Mile Walnut                            Elk             12 Mile                Walnut              Elk               12 Mile Walnut                             Elk                      12 Mile                        Elk                12 Mile Walnut                        Elk
                          Units                                                                                         (mg                                    (mg/1)              (mg/1)             (mg/1)             (mgl)       I      (no)               (mg/1)              (rngA)               (mg/1)           (mg/1)              (m8A)              (mM)               (._Aj               (-9/1)                                 (mg/1)             (mg/l)             (mg/1)                (mgl)              (mg/b        I       (mwl)                    (msA)      (Eng/1)             (-gA)              (-9/1)             (mg/1)
                          Alurninum [total]                                      <0. I               <0. I              @0. t               @0. I              @0. I               <0.1               118                38.5               1.28               0.31                @0.1                 0.1              0.59                @0. 1              0.56               0.76                1.51               0.21                8.59               13.10              8.20                  5.28               1.67                 1.35                     5.07       17.48               17.95              1.09               19.03              18.18
                          Antimony [total]                                       @0.003              @0.003             '0.003       Nj= JIM 5M.                                                      @0.003             @0.003             10.003             @0.003              <0.003               @0.003
                          Arsenic [total]                                        @ . I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 sm EM Imm
                                                                                 000                 <0.00t             <0.001              -0.001             <0.001              @0.001             0.011              0,010              0.003              <0.001              <0.001               <0.001           <0.001              0.002              @0.001             0.002               0.002              0.002               0.004              0.006              0,004                 0.001              <0.001               <0.001                   0.007      0.003               0.002              0.001              0.002              0.003
                          Beryllium (total]                                      0.005               <0.005             @0.005       MMENMEM                                                          -0.005             @0.005             0.005              <0.005              <0.005               <0.005     EMIMM@E=EMMMEME=0M NAMEM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     =ME= Em M= MM
                          Cadmium$ [total]                                       <0.0001             <0.0001            @0.0001             <0.0001            @0.0001             <0.000 t           0.0004             0.0005             <0.0001            <0.(X)01            <0.000t              <0.0001          <0.0001             <0.000 I           <0.0001          @0.000 I              @0.0001            <0.0001             0.0004             0.0004            0.0001              @0.0001               <0.0001              @0.000 I                 <0.0001    <0.0001             <0.0001            0.0001             0.0002             <0.0001
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            M
                          Chromium Total $                                       <0.05               <0.05              @0.05               <0.05              @0.05               <0.05              0J3                                   <0.05              <0.05               <0.05                <0.05            <0.05               <0.05              <0.05              <0.05               0.05               <0.05               @0.03              <0.05              <0.05                 <0.05              <0 05                <0,05                    <0.05      <0.05               <0.05              <0.05              0.05               0.06
                          Chromium VI (uWl)                                      <0.01               @0.01              @0.01         MEMIRM                                                          <0.01              <0.01              @0.ot              <0.01               @0.01                <0.01      Im EM EM EM EM EM IBM
                          copper 5 [total]                                       <0.001              <0.00t             <0.001              0.001              <0.001              @0.001             0.021              0.033              0.0002             <0.001              <0.001               <0.001           0.002               0.008              0.001              0.004               0.004              <0.001              0.015                            1 0.010                    0.004              0.003                <0.001                   0.002      OD01                0.003              <0.001             0.007              0.003
                          Iron [total]                                           0.62                0.38               0.47                <0.03              <0.03               0.06               19.50              35.50              0.82               0.15                0.13                 0.09             3.14                14.40              2.23               1.63                2.54               0.23                6.92               tO.22             7   49                 &95                2.16                 1.95                     7.12       25.87               35.64              1.29               20.22              19.87
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            '0.001                                                                                                                           zwm
                          Lead S (total]                                         <0.001              <0.001             @0.001              <0.001             <0.001              <0.001                                                                      <0.001              @0.001               <0.001           0.001                                  0.003                                  0.005              @0.001                                                                                             0.003                0.002                    <0.001     0.002               0.001              0,002                           -RM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   mom
                          Manganese [total]                                      @0.01               OD1                <O.Ot               0.01               0.02                0.03                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      11,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0.06               0.04                0.03                 0.03             0.49                0.80                                  0.20                011                                    0.65               0.79               0.50                  0.15               0.07                 0.05                     0.13       0.45                0.42               0.05               0.30               0.25
                          Mere                                                   @0.0002             <0.0002            <0.0002
                                 ury 1-11                                                                                                                                                             <0.0002            <0.0002            <0.0002            <0.0002             <0.0002              <0.0002
                          Nickel $ [total]                                       @0.01               O.Ot               <0.01               OD2                0.01                0.01               0.04               0.10               0.02               <0.01               <0.01                <0.01            <0.01               <0.01                                 <0.01               <0.01                                  0.01               0.02               0.02                  V.u I              U.ul                 0.01                     0.05       0.07                0.09               <0.01              0.02               0.02
                          Selenium [total]                                       <0.002              @0.002             <0.002                                                                        @0.002             <0.002             @0.002             <0.002              <0.002               <0.002
                                 er, S tota                                      @0.0002             <0.0002            <0.0002             <0.0002            <0.0002             <0.    2                              <0.0002                               <0.0002             <0.0002              <0.(X)02         <C                                                                                                                                      <0.0002          <0.0002              @0.0002               <0.0002              <0,0002                  @0.0002
                          Thalliurn [total]                                      <0.001              <0.001             <0.001                                                                        '0                                                       -0.001              <0.001
                          Zinc $ [total]                                                                                O.Oti
                          ,5i,v                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <0.0002             <0.0002            0.0002             <0.0002            0,0002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.001
                                                                                                                                                                                          5           0.                 0.67n
                                                                                 <0.012              0.048                                                     <0.005                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.028                 0.032                <0.003                   0.023      0.094               0.079              0.006              0.076              0.079
                          Velocity (ft./sec.)$$                                  0.5                 2.47               1.51                0.21               L39                 0.73               4A9                4.26               1.46               0.73                2.14                 1.02             3.22-               4.45**             2.81**             5.40                3.81               3.79                10.2                                                        4.5                3.5                  2.7                      7.2        6.1                 6.5                5.5                8.2                5.8
                          Depth (ft.)$$                                          0.73                0.51               0.7     1           0.42               0.39                1.93               1.71               0.90               2.85               0.69                0.42                 n/d              1.25**              1.45**             2.54-              1.67                0.78               2.72                3.17                                                        1.78               0.71                 2.59                     2.50       1.73                6.17               2.00               2.58               8.00
                          Estimated Creek Flow (cfs)                             3.72                51.8               18.5                0.55               17.6                29.5               127                220                99.6               4.96                29.8                 n(f              55.6                213                162                147                 147                222                 830                J.ij 10         12,150                0.137                 122                  160                      387        875                 1,910              202                1,750              2,810
                          Rainfall (inches) RF                                   0.00                0.00               0.00                0.00               0.00                0.00               1.06               1.06               1.06               0.44 &              0.44 &               0.44 &           1.67                1.67               1.67               0.52                0.52               0.52            1.92 &&                92 &&            .92 &&                  70 &               0.70 &               0.70 &                   0.71       0.7t                0.71               0.77 &             0.77 &             0.77 &
                          Antecedent Dry Period (days)                           6,0                 6.0                6,0                 919                9.9                 9.9                5.9                5.9                5.9                6.3                 6.3                  6.3              2.0                 2.0                2.0                2.6                 2.6    --2.6                           3.0                3.0                 3.0                  7.8                7.8                  7.8                      1.0 -R     1.0 *R              1.0 -R             4.0                4.0                4.0
                          Notes:

                          S - limit based on water hardness
                          $$ - average of 3 measurements
                          -- - average of 4 measurements,
                          SEVIENEEM - analyte eliminated from sampling program
                          n/d - depth measurement not available
                          n1- flow could not be estimated without depth measurement
                          & - Average of 6 min gauge measurements collected in City ofEric,
                          && - Rainfall event occurred on Nov. 10 and Nov. 11, 1995
                          -R - Rainfall event preceded by I day oflight rain preceded by 3 days antecedent dry conditions
                          210                                          @z        exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC limit                                                          CCC - for long-term protection
                                                                                 exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC and CMC limits                                                 CIVIC - for short-temn protection
                                                                       g
                                                                                 exceeds DEP Chapter 93 limit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           7


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           7


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  00"                      @0 000,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  -005                     -0 '5

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  -l'00 1                  0002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  '9'                      112

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           @0 00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0 T2








                                                                                                                     Table 5-5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Table 5-5


                                                                                             WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY
                                                                                             FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                                                                             POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY


                                ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS
                                Event                                                                          OID                                                   04D                                               02W                                                         03W                                              05W                                                         06W                                                   07W                                                   08W                                               09W                                                        low
                                Date                                                               June 14, 1995                                          Oct. 3, 1995                                          Aug. 11, 1995                                         Sept. '20, 1995                                         Oct. 5, 1995                                          Nov. 7, 1995                                          Nov. It. 1995                                         April 12, 1996                                        April 30, 1996                                         May 9. 1996
                                Creek                                              12 Mile Walnut                                Elk               12 Mile Walnut                      Elk      12 Mile Walnut                            Elk          t2 Mile           Walnut                 Elk          12 Mile @Vainut                               Elk      12 Mile Walnut                            Elk               12 Mile Walnut                      Elk                     12 Mile Walnut                     Elk     12 Mile Walnut                                Elk     12 Mile Walnut                           Elk
                                Units                                                        I    I            mag/1)1           (mg/1)            (mgA)             (mnA)             (mg/1)        (MgA)     I       (M%q)              (mg/o                  (mg/1)1           (1119/1)     (039/1)           (Ing/1)           (me/1)                 mng/1)        (mg/1)                 (mg(l)        (1119/1)          (mg/1)                (MA           (mg/1)                  (mg1l)          (m'/]@             (_9/1)       (-- )    I        (ME11)                 (-A)         (m2vl)                 (-9/1)       ung@l)
                                Alkalinity (mg/l CaC03) ALKI                                 81                140               100               88                122               108           44                165                105                    79                104          98                53                122                    75            30                     75            55                                      401           31                      44              97                 70           33                62                     40           43                     45           30
                                Chloride                                                     38                59                35                40                51                51            35                29                 37                     34                42           46                37                3?                     33            38                     62            41                21                    37,           24                      42              65                 30           24                43                     15           31                     22           8.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <0.005                                                                                                           I     W                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       "I's
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            M
                                Cyanide, free                                                @0.005            '0.005            <0.005                                                              '0005             <0.005
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Am
                                                                                                                                                                                                     0.5               2.0                0.4                                                                                                              Hz
                                                                                             1.2               1.3               1.6                     Man 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            msl;       F!
                                Grease & Oil Grab
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            K Nov q
                                A.rairionia-Nitrogen                                         0.05              0.04              0.09              -0.01             0.02              0.11          0.19              0.33               oAo                    @0.01             OLOS         0.07              0.02              0.02                   0.08          0.01                   0.05          0.02              0.08                  0.            0.06                    0.20            0.12               0.11         0.04              0.12                   0.16         0.42                   0.09         0.07
                                Nitrite-NiLrogen                                             <0.01             <0.01             <0.01             <0.01             @0.01             0.01          0.06              0.10               0.03                   0.01              0.02         0.03              <0.01             0.05                   0.01          0.01                   0.04          <0.01             0.07                  0.09          0.07                    0.05            0.02               0.02         0.01              0.02                   0.03         0.02                   0.14         0.20
                                Nitrate-Nitrogen                                             2.45              0.41              0.97              1.95              0.10              2.40          3.28              0.59               1.27                   2.85              0.70         1.87              1.37              0.56                   0.88          0,97                   0.95          1.22              1.16                  1A            1.36                    2.05            0.71               t. 16        1.02              0.47                   0.34         2.98                   0.44         OA7
                                CBOD5                                                        3                 2                 2                 2                 2                 2             to                15                 6                      7                 5            6                 11                to                     5             2                      3             2                 2                     3             2                       3               3                  4            2                 2                      2            2                      8            6
                                Chemical Oxygen Demand                                       <10               <10               10                <10               <10               '10           115               125                10                     '10               to           10                30                50                     20            35                     20            15                60                    601           50                      20              to                 <10          25                40                     30           20                     20           30
                                Fecal Coliform (#1100ml) BAC(X)                              141               80                28                29                45                12            13,100            11,500             1,940                  1,150             2,140        290               940               2,940                  1,410         1,-.oo                 330           300               10,400                5,24          4,700                   198             143                9            504               792                    1,116        700                    10,100       6,400
                                phosphorus, total                                            <0.01             <0.01             0.01              <0.01             @0.01             0.08          0.89              1.74               0.04                   0.01              <0.014       0.06              0.34              1.08                   0.17          0.28                   0.31          010               0.94                  0.91          0.79                    0.36            0.15               0.14         0.32              0.78                   0.95         0.01                   2.08         2.30
                                Total Suspended Solids                                       2                 2                 2                 2                 4                 2             680               1,508              24                     4                 4            2                 198               892                    142           134                    212           24                SN                    -1            768                     180             68                 62           180               784                    836          50                     2,504        3,428
                                Hardness (mgfL CaC03) HRD 1                                  157               209               154               199               220               226           112               144                194                    186               144          222               164               144                    200           106                    176           156               72                    104           102                     116             158                132          70                too                    80           90                     74           55
                                pH (s.u.) - pHI                                              8.4               8.7               9.0               8.2               8.3               8.2           8.1               7.9                8.0                    8.2               8.2          8.1               8.7               7.4                    7.8           8.9                    7.7           7.5                                                   7.1                     7.8             8.0                7.9          8.1               7.5                    7.4          8.8                    7.4          6.9
                                Temperature (uC)                                             18.0              21.5              23.3              13.7              13.5              14.8          20.8              21.7               24.5                   15.8              16.0         17.2              15.2              15.2                   15.4          7.1                    5.0           4.9               7.5                   7.5           7.3                     7.7             8.0                9.2          9.7               9.4                    9.6          14.7                   14.6         14.6
                                Conductivity (pS/cm)                                         413               553               405               486               559               598           309               332                468                    426               487          544               422               393                    499           291                    516           413               182                   1             232                     331             539                347          210               338                    194          266                    202          125
                                Dissolved Oxygen (mg/I 02) * 01                              5.4@              5.4a              5.4@              6.7               10.1              10.1          4.6@              7.8                8.9                    4,6@              11.3         12.4              7.4               9.7                    10.0          10.6                   11.4          11.3              12.5                                10.9                    12.8            10.6               10.2         10.8              9.1                    8.9          7.6                    8.2          8.6
                                Velocity (ft./sec.)$$                                        0.50              2.47              1.41              0.21              1.39              0.73          4.49              4.26               1.46                   0.73              2.14         t.02              3.22--            4,45--                 2.81-         5.40                   3.81          3.79              10.20                 7.0           8.50                    4.53            3.47               2.70         7.17              6.10                   6.50         5.50                   8.23         5.83
                                Depth (ft.)$$                                                0.73              0.51              0.71              0.42              0.39              1.93          1.71              0.90               2.85                   0.69              0.42         n/d               1.25--            1.45--                 2.54--        1.67                   0.78          2.72              3.17                  2-0           5.64                    1.78            0.71               2.59         2.50              1.73                   6.17         2.00                   2.58         8.00
                                Esti -Led Creek Flow (@fi)                                   3.72              51.8              18.5              0.55              17.6              29.5          127               220                99.6                   4.96              29.8         nif               55.6              213                    162           147                    147           222               830                   I't"          2,150                   137             122                160          387               875                    1,910        202                    1,750        2,810
                                Rainfall (inches) RF                                         0.00              0.00              0.00              0@00              0.00              0.00          t.06              L.06               1.06                   0.44 &            0.44 &       0.44 &            1.67              L67                    1.67          0.52                   0.52          0.52              1.92 &&       1.92 1&          1.92 &&                      0.70 &          0.70 &             0.70 &       0.71              0.71                   0.71         0.77 &                 0.77 &       0.77 &
                                Antecedent Dry Period (days)                                 6.0               6.0               6.0               9.9               9.9               9.9           5.9               5.9                5.9                    6.3               6.3          6.3               2.0               2.0                    2.0           2.6                    2.6           2.6               3.0                   3.@1          3.0                     7.8             7.8                7.8          1.0 -R            1.0 -R                 1.0 -R       4.0                    4.0          4.0
                                Notes:
                                average of the 3 grab samples
                                S$ - uvcmgc of 3 rucasurements
                                average of 4 measurements                       - analyte eliminated from sampling program
                                @measurement considered an anomaly
                                aid -depth measurement not available
                                n/f - flow could not be estimated without depth measurement
                                RF - Av@erage of 7 min gauge measurements collected in the City of Erie
                                & - Average of 6 min gauge measure-ts collected in City ofErie
                                && - Rainfall event occurred on Nov. 10 and Nov. 11, 1995
                                R - Rainfall event preceded by I day offight rain preceded by 3 days antecedent dry conditions
                                DEP CHPT 16 & 93 Water Quality Criteria:
                                BAC(X) - Geometric mean of not less than 5 consecutive taken over not more than a 30 day period should not exceed 200/100trd fecal coliform.
                                ALK 11 - minimu m alkalinity - 20 mg/1
                                HRD - max. monthly mean = 150 ing/I
                                pH1 - range = 6.5 to 9.0
                                0, - minimum @ 1,0 mgA
                                kX) - Chapter 93 Water Quality Criteria Designated Water Use Drainage List - List X - Lake Erie
                                NON'                                               exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC limit                                                        CCC - for long-tam protection
                                                                                   exceeds DEP Chapter 16 CCC and CMC limits                                               CMC - for short-tam protection
                                                                                 -exceeds DEPChapta-93 limit













                          5.1.2 Wet Weather Conditions

                          PesticideslPCBs

                          Pesticides/PCBs were deleted from the parameter list following the first wet weather
                  sampling event. Analyses of samples collected during the first wet weather event indicated
                  that all of these compounds, if present, were less than detection limits. The analytical
                  sample collection dates may not have coincided with typical pesticide application periods.
                  Our initial sample date of June 14, 1995 may have missed the typical spring (February,
                  March or April) pesticide application periods.
                          Inorganics
                          Total chromium was detected in Walnut Creek during sample event 02W at a level
                  equal to a Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) for long-term protection. The WQC
                  for this parameter, as defined in the Pennsylvania DEP Chapter 16 Water Quality Toxic
                  Substances, is calculated based on hardness of the stream sampled. In this case, the analyte
                  and the CCC are 0.29 mg/l. In all other samples at each of the three creeks, total chromium
                  was either below detection levels or slightly above detection levels but not exceeding WQC.
                          Copper was detected above the CCC in Walnut Creek during wet weather event 07W.
                  In this case, the copper concentration was determined to be 0.016 mg/1 and the CCC value
                  was 0.01223 mg/l based on a hardness in Walnut Creek of 104 mg/l. The Criterion
                  Maximum Concentration (CMC) (for short-term protection) forthis analytewas 0.0184 mg/1
                  based on the same hardness value. As presented in Table 5-5, copper exceeded the CMC
                  value at Twelvemile and Walnut Creeks during event 02W and at Twelvemile Creek during
                  event 07W. These exceedances are not considered significant since they range from 0.0013
                  mg/l to 0.008 mg/1 above the WQC limits.
                          Concentrations of iron were present in each wet weather sample collected from each
                  creek. As presented in Table 5-4, the Chapter 93 Water Quality Standard in Table 3 for iron
                  is 0.3 mg/l or natural levels, whichever is greater. Concentrations of iron exceeded the 0.3
                  mg/l value in every dry and wet weather sample, indicating that iron is naturally present in

                  this area.

                          Lead was found to exceed the CCC WQC limit during the following events:




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                            ï¿½    Twelvemile Creek: 02W, 06W, 07W and 08W
                            a    Walnut Creek: 02W, 05W, 07W and I OW
                            ï¿½    Elk Creek: 07W and 09W


                  The lead concentrations that exceeded the CCC criteria were detected in a range from 0.004
                  mg/l to 0.049 mg/l. The CCC criteria for lead is based on hardness of the water in each
                  stream during each wet weather event. Therefore, lead concentrations present in one sample
                  may exceed CCC criteria for one event and the same concentrations may not exceed limits

                  for another event. The Lead Criteria Continuous Concentrations Formula is:



                                                Exp (1.266 [In H] - 4.66 1) ug/I


                  In Twelvemile Creek during event 06W, a lead concentration at 6 ug/I is reported. The
                  corresponding water hardness is 106 mg/1 CaC03 which yields a CCC of 3.5 ug/l. If
                  hardness for the same event in Twelvemile Creek were reported as 164 mg/1 CaC03, the
                  resulting CCC would be 6.0 ug/I and the reported 06W lead concentration would not exceed

                  CCC criteria.

                         Manganese was detected above CMC limits during event 02W in both Twelvemile
                  and Walnut Creeks. This compound has a Chapter 93 WQS limit of 1.0 mg/l. The
                  Twelvemile Creek sample contained 1.34 mg/l and the Walnut Creek sample contained 2.44
                  mg/1 manganese.
                         Silver was identified to be present in Twelvemile and Elk Creeks during event 02W.
                  All other wet weather events reported a silver concentration less than the detection limit.
                  This compound was detected at 0.0001 mg/I above the CCC limit of 0.0002 mg/1 in
                  Twelvemile Creek. In Elk Creek, silver was detected 0.0006 mg/I above the same CCC

                  limit.

                         Zinc was detected once in each creek above the CMC value. This value was based

                  on the hardness of the stream when sampled. The Twelvernile Creek concentration of zinc
                  measured during event 02W is reported as 0.2 mg/I while the CMC is calculated to be
                  0. 1288 mg/l. During the same wet weather event, the zinc concentration in Walnut Creek
                  was measured to be 0.67 mg/1 and the CMC was calculated at 0.1594 mg/l. Samples


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                   collected at Elk Creek during wet weather event I OW contained zinc at a concentration of
                   0.079 mg/l and the CMC was calculated to be 0.071 mg/l.



                          Additional Parameters

                          Alkalinity was measured below the Chapter 93 minimum required 20 mg/l during
                   sample event 07W at Twelvemile Creek (14 mg/1). All other samples were reported above
                   the minimum required WQC value.
                          Fecal coliform colonies were present at each of the three creeks monitored during dry
                   and wet weather events. During dry events, the range of fecal coliform colonies present was
                   from 12 counts/100 nil to 141 counts/100 ml. During wet weather events, the range
                   increased from 9 counts/100 ml to 13,100 counts/100 ml. These samples are individual grab
                   samples. The Chapter 93 BAC I standards are for a geometric mean of five consecutive
                   samples. Therefore, these samples do not exceed the WQS limits based on a five-day
                   geometric mean.
                          Elevated suspended solids concentrations were noted at Walnut Creek during events
                   02W (1,508 mg/1) and 10W (2,504 mg/1) and at Elk Creek during event 10W (3,428 mg/1).
                   These two Walnut Creek events and the Elk Creek sample date coincide with highest
                   recorded fecal coliform colonies in each creek during the study. In addition, event 10W
                   represents the deepest creek flows recorded during the study.
                          During wet weather event 07W the pH in Twelvemile Creek was reported as 9.1 s.u.
                   This value exceeds the Chapter 93 WQS for p4 which is between 6.5 - 9.0 s.u. The pH data
                   reported for this creek during the October and November 1995 sample dates is suspect since
                   an ECHD biologist recorded a pH in Twelvemile Creek of 7.6 s.u. on October 11, 1995 and
                   6.4 s.u. on November 13, 1995.
                          Chapter 93 WQS for dissolved oxygen is a minimum of 5 mg/l oxygen. During wet
                   weather event 02W and 03W for Twelvenlile Creek the dissolved oxygen level was reported
                   to be 4.58 and 4.57 mg/1 oxygen, respectively. We consider these data to be anomalies since
                   the D.O. is anticipated to be much higher during wet weather events and considering the
                   creek temperatures during these events. In addition, an ECHD biologist recorded D.O.
                   readings of approximately 9.0 mg/l during these time periods. The average dissolved oxygen


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                  measurements recorded in all three creeks during monitoring event 0 1 D are also considered
                  anomalies. Each week's D.O. average of 5.4 mg/1 is considered low due to the creek's water

                  temperature.



                  5.2 POLLUTANT LOADING SUMMARY


                          Presented in Appendix C are the cross-section surveys which were sent via facsimile
                  to Malcolm Pirnie on May 30, 1996. We have calculated the estimated flows at each creek
                  sampling point during each event. Pollutant loadings were calculated using these estimated
                  flows and pollutant concentrations. Presented in Table 5-6 are the pollutant loadings for

                  each of the three creeks studied.

                          The pollutant loading calculations should be considered best approximations due to
                  the numerous assumptions and limitations of the monitoring methods used. Some of the
                  assumptions used during this study include:


                            ï¿½    The creek velocity was uniform across the entire cross section.
                            ï¿½    Precipitation was uniform across the Erie County, Pennsylvania area of the
                                 Lake Erie Watershed.
                            ï¿½    Depth of flow was accurately measured as swollen creek waters rapidly
                                 passed our monitoring station.


                          Review of the pollutant loading data indicates that there are four inorganic
                  parameters consistently discharging to Lake Erie at elevated levels. These four parameters
                  include aluminum, iron, manganese, and zinc. Each of these parameters discharge
                  significantly less pollutants to Lake Erie during dry weather conditions as compared to wet

                  weather conditions.

                          Summarized in Table 5-6 is the pollutant loading data for additional parameters
                  analyzed. This data indicates that chloride, ammonia, CBOD5, COD, phosphorus and TSS
                  levels are elevated during wet weather conditions.








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                   6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS


                           Historically, pesticides and PCBs have not been analyzed on Twelvemile, Walnut or
                   Elk Creeks. Based on a review of the data provided by STORET, only one sample, collected
                   on August 25, 1993 from Twelvemile Creek, was analyzed for pesticides/PCBs. Identified
                   in this sample was 0.009 mg/l of alpha-BHC and 0.044 mg/l of heptachlor. The other
                   parameters analyzed (aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin and endrin) were all reported with
                   a qualifier used to indicate a failure to detect the substances. In comparison, all samples
                   collected during the one dry and one wet weather sampling round during this study were
                   identified as less than detection limits. During this study, the dry and wet weather sample
                   dates, June 14 and August 11, 1995, respectively, may have been too long after typical
                   spring pesticide application periods to measure any runoff containing pesticides/PCBs.
                           An analysis was conducted to compare historical STORET data and data collected
                   during this study. A summary of this analysis is presented in Table 6-1. Illustrated in this
                   table are the average concentrations of several inorganic and additional parameters for both
                   STORET and this study's data. STORET data qualified with a "K" was not used when
                   calculating averages. Data from this study qualified with a "less than" sign was also not used
                   when calculating average concentrations. Also of note is that the STORET data typically
                   has more data points than the study. In addition, the antecedent and sample day weather
                   conditions are unknown for the STORET data group. The wet weather data was used to
                   calculate average concentrations for this study's data.
                           A review of the inorganic parameters listed in Table 6-1 indicates that the average
                   concentrations of aluminum and iron are significantly greater in this study than are reported
                   in the STORET database. Other inorganic parameters remained approximately the same or
                   increased slightly with lead being the only exception. Data for this parameter indicates a
                   decrease in average concentrations of lead from this study's data in the three creeks studied.
                           As presented in Table 6-1, the average concentrations of additional parameters
                   remained relatively constant except for noted increases in nitrite-nitrogen, fecal coliform
                   counts and phosphorus concentrations.





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                                                                                                        M M M = M = = = MMIM



                                                                                                              TABLE 6-1
                                                            WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED
                                                                                    HJSTOR[C4L DATA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

                                                              TWELVEMILE                                                      WALNUT                                                          ELK
                   Parameter
                                                   STORET                         STUDY                        STORET                         STUDY                         STORET                        STUDY

                                              Data         Average        Data          Average           Data         verage         Data           Average          Data        Average         Data         Average
                                            Points Concentration* Points Concentration" Points Concentration* Points Concentration" Points Concentration* Points Concentration"
                                                           (-g/1)                        (Ing/b                        (-g/1)                        (-g/1)                        (Ing/1)                      (nig/1)

          Inorganic

             Aluminum                         56           0.259            8            4.44             8           0.228             6            15.2             14          0.386             7           6.82

             Copper                           47           0.007            6           0.008             5           0.014             7            0.010            6           0.013             5          0.003
             Iron                             79    1      0.326            8            5.84             70          0.228             8    1       13.9             74          0.332             8    1      8.54

             Lead                             36           0.78             6           0.008             3           0.046             7            0.016            2           0.038             5          0.006

             Manganese                        66           0.19             8            0.38             8           0.018             8            0.636            14          0.042             8          0.203

             Nickel                           36           0.011            4           0.028             5           0.024             5            0.044            7           0.026             5          0.032

             Zinc                             41           0.005            6           0.053             7           0.023             6            0.162            13          0.035             3          0.068

          Additional

             Alkalinity                       78             57             8            42.5             68            98              8            88.8             71             80             8            63
             Ammonia-Nitrogen                 31           0.032            7            0.14             57           0.12             8            0.10             66          0.262             8          0.084

             Nitrite-Nitrogen                 30           0.006            7           0.033             35          0.016             8            0.06             41           0.03             7           0.05

             Nitrate-Nitrogen                 78           1.99             8            1.96             60           0.66             8            0.69             70           0.77             8           1.09

             Fecal Coliform                   13           1,055            8           3,524             23           214              8            4,143            25           423              8          2,021
               (#/ 100 MI)                                                                                    -F-0.055                  7                                                           8
             Phosphorus                       73           0.029            8            0.38             56                                          1.0             70           0.16                         0.57

          Note: Units (mg17) except where noted
                     Average Concentration - Using all STORET data not qualified with a "K".
                     AveLgge Concentration -Using all LtH @data not qualified with a "less than" sign.



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              Vgy
                           Based on the results presented in this report and in historical documents, we conclude
                   that these three subwatersheds (namely: Twelvemile, Walnut and Elk) individually are not
                   discharging significant pollutant concentrations to Lake Erie. However, the aggregate of the
                   three subwatersheds may significantly impact the Eric County, Pennsylvania area of the
                   Lake Erie Watershed. Based on the review of concentration data, there are a few elevated
                   inorganic parameters, fecal coliform colonies, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphorus levels that
                   warrant further evaluation. Historical accounts have confirmed that inorganics, such as iron,
                   lead and zinc are indigenous to Erie and surrounding Pennsylvania counties soil. Data
                   collected during this monitoring program indicate that during dry weather conditions,
                   Twelvemile, Walnut and Elk Creeks do not contribute significant pollutants to the Erie
                   County, Pennsylvania area of the Lake Erie Watershed. Increased pollutant levels during
                   wet weather conditions indicates that a more in-depth, concentrated study should be
                   completed.
                           We recommend that each creek be divided into representative areas and additional
                   sampling be conducted in an effort to differentiate between potential point and nonpoint
                   source(s). This most recent sampling program has yielded an updated database for each of
                   the three creeks monitored. However, since only one water quality station along each creek
                   was monitored, conclusions as to actual pollution point and nonpoint source(s) is difficult.
                           Additional sampling is recommended in an attempt to identify point and/or nonpoint
                   source(s) of pollution. The following list includes potential source(s) along the three creeks

                   monitored:


                                  Private on-lot septic systems.
                                  STPs.
                                  Wildlife.
                                  Agricultural land.
                            0     Farm animals.


                           Suggested sampling points include the water quality locations monitored in this study
                   and upstream and downstream of locations identified as "urban industrial and commercial
                   complexes" at Twelvemile, Walnut at Elk Creeks. In addition, sampling should be




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                  conducted upstream and downstream of Sewage Treatment Plants such as Girard and Lake
                  City on Elk Creek and Popp's Trailer Court and Standard Trailer on Walnut Creek.
                         Listed in Table 6-2 are the recommended parameters to be analyzed in an attempt to
                  differentiate between point and nonpoint pollution source(s)



                                                          TABLE 6-2


                         WATER QUALITY MONITORING STUDY FOR THE LAKE ERIE WATERSHED


                                      FUTURE MONITORBVG ANAL YTIC4L PARAMETERS
                           Title 25. Rules and Regulations             Title 25. Rules and Regulations
                        Part L Department of Environmental          Part L Department of Environmental
                                    Resources                                   Resources
                         Subpart A. Preliminary Provisions       Subpart C. Protection of Natural Resources
                           Article H. Statements of Policy              Article H. Water Resources
                         Chapter 16. Water Quality Toxics           Chapter 93. Water Quality Standards
                                 Test Parameters                             Test Parameters
                           Aluminum                                    Alkalinity
                           Iron                                        Ammonia Nitrogen
                           Zinc

                                                                       Bacteria/Fecal Coliform
                                                                       Hardness
                                                                       Iron
                                                                       Nitrate - Nitrogen
                                                                       Total Suspended Solids
                                                                       Phosphorus
                                                                       CBOD

                           Additional Parameter:                       Field Measurements:
                           Commercial Fertilizer Test                  Dissolved Oxygen
                                                                       pH
                                                                       Temperature
                                                                       Conductivity



                         There are two different sample collection techniques that the ECDP, DEP and ECHD
                  may employ for additional data gathering. One is a fast-tracked "short-term7 investigative
                  approach and the second is a "long-term" investigative approach. The short-term approach
                  requires immediate commitment and use of financial and staff (or subcontractor) resources
                  to locate water quality monitoring stations upstream and downstream of each of the areas
                  listed above and conduct multiple sampling events in a short period of time. The stations





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                  must be located far enough from another designated investigation area's upstream station to
                  allow isolation of the effects of the upstream point or nonpoint source discharge.
                          Using the long-term approach, the agencies would allocate financial and staff
                  resources over an extended period of time. Once the same water quality stations were
                  located (as identified above), sampling events, using agency staff, may occur quarterly or
                  semi-annually to isolate potential point and nonpoint pollution source(s) as well as to
                  determine if any seasonal subwatershed impacts exist.
                          Malcolm Pirnie is available to assist the agencies develop either program to achieve
                  the goals of the Coastal Nonpoint Source Control Program.













































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