[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]


                                                                               Task 9        FINAL PRODUCT GBL4P
                                                                               FY 1993       Polecat Creek Water Quality Monitoring



                                           POLECAT CREEK WATER QUALITY MONITORING
                                                                  including:


                                      Purchase and Instaflation of Equipment for Surface and Raingages,

                                                 Two Seasons of Trend Biological Monitoring

                                                                     and

                                            Freshwater Mussel Survey and Natural Heritage Survey



                                                                                                 Rec'd. by Dept. of
                                                                                               Environmertal Qual!ty
                                                          Project Report Compiled by:
                                                                                                  MAY 15 1995
                                                                Jean N. Tingler
                                                                 Darryl Glover
                                                                C. Scott Crafton                  Public & Inter-
                                                                                              governmental Affairs

                                                  Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department
                                                        805 East Broad Street, Suite 701
                                                           Richmond, Virginia 23219


                                                                 May 15, 1995









                           This project was funded, in part, by the Department of Environmental Quality's Coastal
                           Resources Management Program through Grant #NA370A0360-01 of the National Oceanic and
                           Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, under the
                           Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. The views expressed herein are those of
                           the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies.








                                                             Final Report


                                                                   on

                        Installation of Monitoring Stations in Polecat Creek Waterifie'd

                                                                   by

                                             Saied Mostaghirni and Phillip W. McClellan




                The goal of the Polecat Creek Watershed Monitoring Project is to describe the efficacy of emerging

                landuse regulations and policies in protecting water quality during urban development activities. A

                water quality monitoring network was established, which consists of 5 runoff monitoring stations, 9

                raingages and a coniplete weather station. The monitoring network was designed in order to evaluate

                the spatial contribution of nonpoint source pollutants originating from various major tributaries of


                the Polecat Creek.




                The locations of all monitoring stations are indicated in Figure 1. A listing of equipment and

                instrumentation installed at each monitoring station is given in Table 1. A brief explanation of

                monitoring components is given in the following sections.




                Runoff Monitoring Stations:

                Each runoff monitoring station consists of a stilling well, intake pipes, water level recorders, a gauge

                house, and automatic water samplers. The runoff monitoring stations were located in straight,

                uniform reaches of streams, with smooth bed and banks of permanent nature, whenever possible. The

                stilling wells are located on one side of the stream, so that they do not interfere with the flow pattern.








              In many cases, the stilling well is located at a minimum distance of 10 feet from the center of the

              stream. The sizes of the stilling wells were chosen, based on factors such as the required rigidity,

              height, type of material, and water level in the stream. Based on these factors, 24" diameter stilling

              wells were installed at QPA, QPB and QPC, and 48" stilling wells were used at QPD and QPE.




              Two intake pipes of 3" diameter in size were installed at each of the stations. Although the minimum

              requirement is one pipe, the second intake pipe was installed, because one may become plugged.

              These pipes were installed at different elevations with provisions made for flushing out the possible

              accumulated silt in the stilling well. All seams were brazed and treated in order to make the stilling

              well watertight. The wells were placed on a concrete base, with the top of the base located a few

              inches below the lowest intake pipe. Detailed cross-sectional surveys of all sites were conducted

              prior to installation of the monitoring equipment (Figure 2). A schematic diagram of a typical

              installation of a stilling well and intake pipe is presented in Figure 3.




              Each runoff monitoring site was equipped with a strip-chart, as well as the electronic stage sensors

              for continuous recording of the water level in the stream. In addition, a staff gage (non-recording)

              was installed at each site and is read regularly by the field observer. The schematics of a typical staff

              gage and its installation is presented in Figure 4. An instrument shelter (6'w x 81 x Th) was installed

              at each of the monitoring stations, which houses the stage recorder, automatic water samplers and

              miscellaneous supplies. The information provided by Brakensiek et al (1979) for the design and

              installation of a shelter house, as well as the stilling wells, were used as a guideline in the design of

              these stations. Access to all shelter houses was provided by a walkway (catwalk). These walkways



                                                                                                                       2








               would provide for servicing of the stations in all weather conditions. Safety and structural stability

               were the two main factors considered when designing these walkways. Diagrams of the site plan for

               QPA - QPE, which show the location of the gagehouse and catwalk are presented in Figures 5 - 9.




               ISCO automatic water samplers are installed at each of the monitoring stations. These samplers are

               progranmr,d to take composite water samples during storm events, based on the volume of the water

               flowing in the stream. CR10 data loggers are installed at each site (Figure 10) to control the

               samplers, as well as record the water level and the time of each sampling. In developing the sampling

               protocol, months of data were collected to detern-iine the hydrologic response of each watershed.

               Shifts in the base flow associated with changes in the water table, possible beaver activities, as well

               as shifts due to precipitation events were observed. These shifts are significant when trying to identify

               the beginning and end of a runoff event. To account for the shifts, a digital filter, specifically a

               moving window average, is applied to the stage data. A four-hour window width is set for each

               watershed. The start of a runoff event is determined when the current stage value exceeds the

               average by a fixed amount. Once a runoff event is deten-nined, 200 ml samples are collected with

               each passing of the set volume of flow. The set volume was determined by evaluating expected high

               flows, the water sampler sampling response time, and the capacity of samplers with regard to

               maximum number of samples (96). Table 2 shows the current setting for each watershed (note that

               these values will likely change as we are able to better describe the watersheds' hydrologic behavior).

               Samples are collected until the end of the runoff event is determined. The end of the event is

               identified when there is an increasing trend in the difference between the stage and the average stage,

               and the stage is less than the average." Figure 11 shows a typical hydrograph with runoff events



                                                                                                                        3









              identified. It should be noted that for large storms the end of the runoff event is shifted toward the

              peak (Figure 1 1B). This is attributed to the filtering technique and the slow response of QPE. This

              shifting has not been shown to be a problem at the other gaging stations.




              A comprehensive erosion control plan was developed and approved by the State of Virginia prior to

              construction of the monitoring stations. The procedures used for minimizing site disturbance and

              erosion during construction of gage houses are detailed in Figure 13.




              Precipitation Monitoring Network:

              A network of 9 precipitation gages were installed in PoIcat Creek Watershed. These stations (PPI-

              PP9) are located throughout the watershed to enable an assessment of the spatial variability of

              precipitation. Tipping bucket raingages along with data loggers are located at each site. The

              schematic of a typical tipping bucket raingage is presented in figure 12. The raingages are powered

              by a 12 V, deep cycle battery and a solar panel installed at each site. ne location of all raingage is

              indicated in Figure 1.




              Weather Station:


              A complete weather station was installed at the Waste Water Treatment Facility located in the Polcat

              Creek Watershed. The data collected at the weather station will greatly facilitate the interpretation

              of the water quality data being collected at various sites in the watershed. In addition, this

              infori-nation would be invaluable in the future modeling works in an effort to expand the results from





                                                                                                                    4








              PoIcat Creek Watershed to larger basins. The parameters collected at the weather station include:


              ï¿½  Precipitation
              ï¿½  Ambient Air Temperature
              ï¿½  Ambient Air Humidity
              ï¿½  Wind Speed and Direction
              ï¿½  Pan Evaporation         -
              ï¿½  Solar Radiation     -
                 Soil Moisture (6" and 12" depths)
                 Soil Temperature (6" and 12" depths)
                 Snow Depth





              QA/QC Plan:

              A comprehensive quality assurance/quality control project plan was developed and submitted to the

              sponsor for review. All field installations were performed following standard procedures in order to

              provide data compatible with other similar projects. The QA/QC activities for the project is being

              closely followed in order to ensure proper data collection, handling and analysis.






















                                                                                                                 5







              Table 1. Polecat Creek Watershed monitoring sites.



                 Site            Location                              Equipment Description
               Name

                 PP1          Smith sand and          Precipitation, one digital and one std. gage, solar panel and
                               gravel quarry                               deep cycle battery.

                 PP2           Coleman farm           Precipitation, one digital and one std. gage, solar panel and
                                                                           deep cycle battery.

                 PP3        Caroline Co. Middle       Precipitation, one digital and one std. gage, solar panel and
                                   School                                  deep cycle battery.

                 PP4            Smith farm            Precipitation, one digital and one std. gage, solar panel and
                                                                           deep cycle battery.

                 PP5           Lake Caroline          Precipitation, one digital and one std. gage, solar panel and
                                                                           deep cycle battery.

                 PP6          Lake Land'Or            Precipitation, one digital and one std. gage, solar panel and
                                                                           deep cycle battery.

                 PP7        On cut over forest        Precipitation, one digital and one std. gage, solar panel and
                             land off of Cedar                             deep cycle battery.
                                Fork Road

                 PP8         Mount Olympus            Precipitation, one digital and one std. gage, solar panel and
                                                                           deep cycle battery.

                 PP9           Waste water             Precipitation, one digital, one analog, one std. gage, one
                            treatment facility (the   snow depth, and rain quality sampler, solar panel and deep
                              weather station)                                cycle battery.

                 TP9        (the weather station)     Ambient air temperature, one analog and digital gage, and a
                                                                         max/min thermometer

                 BP9        (the weather station)       Ambient air humidity, one analog and one digital gage

                 DP9        (the weather station)                   Wind direction, one digital gage

                 WP9        (the weather station)                     Wind speed, one digital gage

                 EP9        (the weather station)          Pan evaporation, one analog and one digital gage

                 SP9        (the weather station)                   Solar radiation, one digital gage

                 CP9        (the weather station)                     Soil Moisture at .5 foot depth








              Table I (cont.) Polecat Creek Watershed monitoring sites.

                  site            Location                               Equipment Description
                Name

                  CPA       (the weather station)                      Soil Moisture at 1.0 foot depth

                  TP1       (the weather station)                    Soil Temperature at .5 foot depth
                  TP2 .     (the weather station)                    Soil Temperature at 1.0 foot depth
                  QPA       On Cedar Fork Road Stream stage ( one analog, one digital, one staff gage) and
                                   (rt. 601)               water quality sampling (one automatic water quality
                                                                swnpler), solar panel and deep cycle battery

                  QPB       Close to Smith farm,      Stream stage ( one analog, one digital, one staff gage) and
                                off of rt. 601,            water quality sampling (one automatic water quality
                            between US rL 1 and                 sampler), solar panel and deep cycle battery
                              US Interstate 95

                  QPC        On Mr. Atkinson's        Stream stage ( one analog, one digital, one staff gage) and
                                farm close to              water quality sampling (one automatic water quality
                                interstate 95,                  sampler), solar panel and deep cycle battery
                            accessed from rt. 652

                  QPD        On Mr. Atkinson's        Stream stage.( one analog, one digital, one staff gage) and
                             farm off of rt. 652           water quality sampling (one automatic water quality
                                                                sampler), solar panel and deep cycle battery

                  QPE       Watershed outlet, off Stream stage ( one analog, one digital, one staff gage) and
                                  of rt. 601               water quality sampling (one automatic water quality
                                                                sampler), solar panel and deep cycle battery

                  LPA        Located at station         Campbell Scientific model CR10 data logger, 2400 baud
                                     QPA                   modem and telephone serviceand deep cycle battery

                  LPB        Located at station         Campbell Scientific model CR10 data logger, 2400 baud
                                     QPB                   modem and telephone serviceand deep cycle battery

                  LPC        Located at station         Campbell Scientifi model CRIO data logger, 2400 baud
                                     QPC                   modem and telephone serviceand deep cycle battery

                  LPD        Located at station         Campbell Scientific model CR10 data logger, 2400 baud
                                     QPD                   modem and telephone serviceand deep cycle battery
                  LPE        Located at station         Campbell Scientific model CRIO data logger, 2400 baud
                                     QPE                   modem and telephone serviceand deep cycle battery







           Table I (cont.) Polecat Creek Watershed monitoring sites.

              site         Location                      -Equipment Description
             Name

              LPF        Located at the      Campbell Scientific model 21X data logger, 2400 baud
                        weather station      modem and telephone service, solar panel and deep cycle
                                                                  battery














                             Table 2. The Sampling Protocol for Various Runoff Stations


                                     Station            Runoff        Flow Volume
                                                        Event           per sample
                                                      Beginning        (cubic yards
                                                        Offset            *1000)
                                                         (feet)

                                       QPA                0.05                2

                                       QPB                0.05                3

                                       QPC                0.05                2

                                       QPD                0.05                2

                                       QPE                0.05                90


















                                 LoAt
                                                                             033
                                 tole





                               683
                                                           55                601        601
                                                      724                                                           to





                                               Got    7      ?64            D                      o/ece
                                                             cr                652


                                 Wap Fork
                                                                                     705     642     7to                 0
                                                                             C                           64       WOO

                                   Cathy calnot
                                                                  857
                                                                                         on  r     207
                                                                                        C."A"
                                                                                                                   An
                                                                        0                                       b, n A 11
                Rainglge@ 1-9                                    731
                                                                                                                                746
                                                               8,
                Stream Gages A -E
                                                                               Ruther Glen




                                                    Polecat Creek Watershed

                                                                           FIGURE 1



                                                P@L[[AT IRIEK STRIAM 010@



                    SITE NPA                                                                                 SITE NP0

                                                 WATER LEVEL                                                                                       WATER LEVEL
                  - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




                                     w Vol                                                                                                            17.40
                                     is IM It                                                                                                          ft)
                                                    7.30
                                                    (ft)




                   SITL R                                                                                     SITE H-

                             - - - - - - - -   VAUR LEVEL - - - - - - - - -                                                                     WATER LEVEL




                                     w CUM                                                                                                                                    IS 1.25 It
                                           It


                                                                                                                                                    ft)
                                                                                                                                                                 - - - - - - - - - -













                                                                                                                                             NOTE: NUMDERS AT POINTS ALM STREAM DEDS REPRESENT
                                                                                                                                             TIIE- DATA POINTS GIVEN IN TAOI-1 1.


                        FIRIPF @, Frncc,-@pFtinnc, n-( @trpom npck,






























                                                                                                                                                                                                                              stilling

                                                                                            I f t cubed
                                                                                           concrete block


                                                                                                                         3 inch
                                                                                                                         dioneter













                                    VA Tech.                                  TITL          TYPICAL INSTALLATION FOR INTAKE PIPE                                                            DATE: 5- 11-04          REFERENCE                  PAG.
                             Ao E-n9ineering                                                                                                                                                                        NO.                       -L of Z
                               %                                                                                                                                                                                                          I                ___j
                                                                                                                              FIGURE 3










                                                                       2 2x6
                                                                        Trea Led
                                                      M                Oracings                                                                             Strean Donk
                                                      Treated
                                                      Post;



                                       2 Guide
                                       wires


                                                                                                                                 TWF GAGE


















                                                                                                                     5

                                                                                                                              WAIER DEP111











                           VA Tech                        TITLE:    Staff Gage for Measuring Water Depth                                   DATE: 10-26-94 REFERENCE             PAGE
                Dio, Systens Engineering                                                                                                                     Nil.                 L of -L

                                                                                              FIGURE













                                                                                                                      I 00-foot Buffer



                                                                                               N=: All trees to be preserved except where marked
                                                                                               with an X on the site plan. Remove the 20" Cedar and
                                                                                               one of the 6" Red Maples near the 3" Holly O.Lt if
                                                                                               additional access is needed. Stabilize all disturbed areas
                                                                                               immediately upon completion of work. See gage house
                                                                                               plan for specific erosion and sediment clontrol measures
                                                                                               to be implemented during construction and subsequent
                                                          0                                    site stabilization.

                                                                               24" Red
                                    0                                          y1aple  6" Red
                                                          bo                   1
                                                                               0        Maple     24" Red Maple
                                                          >    Construction                            18" Red Maple
                                                               Access
                                                                               ---       TO
                                             X                                 0             Z-,       -Gage House - (finished floor approx. Yabove
                                                                             6" Sweet 6" Red 20" R@@     0" Cedar  grade - contractor to provide steps)
                                                                             Gum     Maple   Maple-
                                                                                                       -51.               Dewatering Basin
                                                                                                        H Ily             (approximate location)

                                                                                       Polecat Creek





                                                                     110 ft.




                                             Fenceline
                                                                                             Mapley

















                Polecat Creek Water Quality Monitoring Project
                Station A - Site Plan                     Scale: 1     30'                                                  30      15       0              30

                                                                                 FIGURE 5













                                                    100-foot Buffer

                                   Existing Woods





                           Existing Road Clear Hedge for Access
                                  r
                                   20"o,
                                   dbl, Oak
                                       -<- Catwalk

                                   6" Ironwd Gage House - (finished floor to be level with bridge,
                      0
                                               approx. 4' above grade)
                                         24" dbl
                                   n,@         Dewatering Basin
                                        00 Poplar ....... (approximate location)



                                        Stevens Mill Run



                     Bridge



                                          N=: All trees to be preserved at this site except
                               60 ft.     the 8 - 10 feet of hedge along road to be cut for
                                          access. Stabilize all disturbed areas immediately
                                          upon completion of work. See gage house plan for
                                          specific erosion and sediment control measures to
                                          be implemented during construction and
                                          subsequent site stabilization.
       Polecat Creek Water Quality Monitoring Project
                         ILExisting Woods

                                   2
                                   0"@
                                   dbl Oak

































                         Scale: 1 30'
       Station B - Site Plan                         30 15  6     30


                                   FIGURE 6
















                                                                                Polecat Creek

                                                                             ite Oak marked with
                                                                         a Silver Square on the
                                                                         Creek Side,
                                                                                                                   N21rd: All trees to be preserved, except three smal I
                                                                                                                   Ironwood trees marked with an A near the gage house.
                                                                                                                   The 20" leaning River Birch will need to be trimmed
                                                                                                                   and may need to be removed to prevent it from falling
                                                                                                                   on the gage house. Stabilize all disturbed areas
                                                                                                                   immediately upon completion of work. See gage
                                                                                                                   house plan for specific erosion and sediment control
                                                                         Dewatering Basin                          measures to be implemented during construction and
                                                                         (approximate location)                    subsequent site stabilization.
                                                                        Ed               Top of Slope
                                                                          0" River Birch/
                                                                   ft.    t i 8 ft.
                                                                                        Catwalk to Gage House                              I 00 - foot Buffer

                                                                           X
                                                                                                           Path fro
                                                                                                                               r
                                                                                                            Parking
                                                                                                                   m
                                                                                      8'                           Area
                                                                          -4" Ironwd  Sweet
                                                                             cko
                                                               2      0 5" Hi   ry    Gum
                                                               River Birch
                                                  F4 94











          Polecat Creek Water Quality Monitoring Proiect
           S La      - Site Plan                        Scale: 1       30'                                                              30       15        0               30


                                                                                    FIGURE 7








                   hWZ: All trees to be preserved at this site. Trim up
                   lower limbs of 5" dbl. Ironwood to clear for path. Do
                   not disturb swales except to install culvert pipe.                Gage House - (finished floor to be
                   Stabilize all disturbed areas immediately upon                    level with bridge, approx: 4'above
                   completion of work. See gage house plan for                       grade - contractor to provide steps)
                   specific erosion and sediment control measures to be
                   implemented during construction and subsequent site
                   stabilization. Install silt fence only if land                                                                13 ft.
                   disturbance activities will last overnight.                                                                   _K
                                                                                                                                         Polecat
                                                                                                                                         Creek


                                                                                     Path to Gage House

                                                                                                                                                         Rock Check Dam
                                                                                     (approx. location - locate
                                                                                                                     7_0                                 (class I rip-rap)
                                                                                     around existing trees)
                                                   22 ft.
                                  Hophombeam Clump                Swale                                                                  W
                                  20" Sweet
                                                  1            5" Dogwood
                                  Oum *,-                 1 *0                 1                           1   Dewatering
                                                           24" dbl.
                                  8
                                         0                                                                                                 OQ
                                   " Hickory       00     0                                                    Basin
                                  15" Culvert
                              Parking Area                                                    130 ft.                                  Bridge
                                                                                   Route 652





                                                                               100-foot Buffer



                Polecat Creek Water Quality Monitoring Project
                Station D - Site Plan                         Scale: I" = 30'                                                   30       15      0               30

                                                                                     FIGURE 8









                                                  Swale                                                            Ro .ute 601


                                                                                                   6 R
                                                                                                      aplex
                                                                    50 ft.
                                                                                                            X
                                                    6" Red                                                    -5" Red
                                                 9 Maple                                                       Maple
                                      Shrub                           Catwalk                                                                                    Bridge
                                      Holl                 24" River Birch             5" River
                                                         0                             Birch
                                                    Gage House                  Rock Check
                                                                                Dam (class 1
                                                    Birch Clump                 rip-rap)

                     4" Holly.                                             Dewatering
                     5" Swe et                                       91 Basin                                                              Polecat Creek
                     gum                         16" River    N
                              5" River       I   Birch
                              Birch 0              0
                                                                                                                 N_=: All trees to be preserved at this site except
                                                                                                                 the shrub holly and where marked with an X on'the
                                                                                                                 site plan. Stabilize all disturbed areas immediately
                                                                                                                 upon completion of work. See gage house plan for
                                             (jage House location is approx. 90 ft. from the                     specific erosion and sediment control measures to
                                             edge of Route 601 at the catwalk. Finished floor                    be implemented during stilling well and intake pipe
                                             of gage house to be level with bridge, approx. 5'                   construction and subsequent site stabilization.
                                             above grade.

                   Polecat Creek Water Quality Monitoring Proiec
                   Station E - Site Plan                                Scale: I"=20'
                                                                                                                                                          20         10        0                  20



                                                                                                      FIGURE 9







                                                     Logger Code: IP!  Vutersiled: Volecol, (reek line: rile: I-PIL&PRI Pgnr: H P




                                                             ANALOG           IL
                                                                              AG-
                                                             I NPUT           AT-                                                      MICH
                                                                              2L-
                                                                              AG

                                                                                                                        L       I
                                                             CR 10            AG
                                                                              411
                                                                              4L
                                                                              AG             L     Thernister
                                                                              91             D<
                                                                              5L                   Anbient Tenp
                                                                              AG


                                                                                                     STAGE

                                                             EXCITATION
                                                                              E2-
                                                                              AG-
                                                                              E3
                                                             PULSE INPUTS     pl-
                                                                              P2
                                                                              G
                                                                              IF                              ILI    push fkj
                                                             CONTROL          G
                                                                              12                 Colibrotion
                                                             (DIGITAL)        G
                                                                              (3                   Switch
                                                                              G
                                                                              C4

                                                                              (5
                                                                              16
                                                                              G
                                                                              C7


                                                           CONSTANTIANALOG
                                                            D[ITPUT           5v
                                                                              12T
                                                             POWER SUPPLY.    12V                  12V DC           zs         Sulor Chorger
                                                                              12V            T

                            VA Tech                      TITLE:            Polecat Creek Goge Station                                    DATE:             IEIIIINIE          PAII
                 Rio, Systens Fnqineerinq                                  [Into Logger KRIO)                                                              No. 5-9-04               of

                                                                                              FIGURE 10






                                                        QPE Storm
                                                 Quick responses to storms

                                      7-
                                                     A
                                                                             Beginning o Ending
                                  6.8 ----------- --- --  7- - - - - - - - -


                                            --- ------ ------------------------------------------------
                                  6.6 - - - - -
                               (D
                               0
                                  6A  - - -------- -----------------------------------------------
                                                                                            C
                               zM 6.2 -------------------- -------------------------- - ---------------
                               Cz                                           B
                               4-j
                               60 6   ------------------------------      - ---------- --- ----   D  --------

                                  5.8  -------------------------------------- -----------        -----------

                                  5.6--


                                             2n                                      W                   2110


                                                                   Date



                                                               Figure 11A





                                                          QPE Storm
                                                       Slow response to a storm

                                        7  --
                                      6.8                                 Beginning              Ending
                                  ,-6.6    ----------------------


                                      6.4  ----------------------    ---------------    ----------------------


                                  a)6.2    --------------    ---------------------------------------
                                  0
                                  A-j
                                  U) 6     ----------- ----------------------------------------------------


                                      5.8  ------ -------------------------------------------------------


                                      5.6

                                                  1/7                 1/8                 1/9                1/10
                                            -------------    ------------------------



                                           --------- ----------------------------------------------------
                                           IV         ----------------- I------------------

                                                                        Date



                                                               Figure 11B






                                                                             TIPPING.DURIT PAINGAGF



                                                                                                                                         IIPPlNf)
                                                                                                                                         DICKET






                                                                 rmml

                                                                                                                                                                       DATA LOGGER
                                                                             ME 10                                                                                     INCLI]SIRE
                                                                             DATA LOMER





                                                   2 WIRES TO
                                                   DATTERY

                                                                          2 INCH MIND SIEEL
                                                                          POST 31 INCIES LONG





                                                  rr7=


                                    12Y DC


                                                                                                                               00111 TIPPING DUCKET AND DATA LOCU-2 ENCLOSURE ARE AITACIC-0
                                                                                                                               usiNG tj on-is,
                     -TI n2


                             VA Jech                         TITLE:      TIPPING 011KET RAINGAGE                                                DATE: 3-30-94      REFERENCE           VAGE
                        Aq Ingineering

                                                                                                   FIGURE 12








                 hLOW: Any additional land disturbance                                             Limits of Disturbance'
                 occuring as a result of access path                                                                                                               Trench extends into. stream
                 construction shall be stabilized with                                 r                                                                           no more than half o  .f
                 appropriate erosion and sediment                                                                                                                  stream width at each site.
                 control measures. Install silt fence only
                 if land disturbance activities will last
                 overnight.
                                                                                           X            Spoil Pile


                                                                                                                                                                   Sandbag Barrier (no more
                                                                                                                                                                   than 50% of stream will be
                                 Mulch und   er catwalk and                                         Jr                   )t       Silt Fence                       obstucted)
                                 gage house



                      Path                        Catwalk (length varies)                     Gage House                 Trench (length varies)

                                                                                                                                                                                        0
                                                                                                    \N1           ,/Stak@excelsi6ir blanket over
                                                                                                                     entire disturbed area (except
                                                                                                                     stream bank) after seeding wi
                                                                                                                     annual rye grass. Plant
                                                                                                                     partridgeberry through blanket
                                                                                                                         16" o.c.                                  Stabilize bank using Fiber-Schine
                 Fiber-Schine biolog source:                                          L=                                                                           biologs. Stack on top of each other
                                                                                                                                                                   at same angle as existing bank.
                         Creative Habitat Corp.                              Dewatering structure to be located                                                    Stake logs'as shown on attached
                         253 Old Tarrytown Road                              in an existing open area on the                                                       specification.
                         White Plains, N.Y.                                  downstream side of excavation on            Dewatering                 81
                                                                             each site. Construct according to           Basin                      10
                         (914) 948-4389                                                                                                             0     0
                                                                             VESCH92 specification        3.26.
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             Polecat Creek Water Quality Monitoring Project
            Gage House Plan                                    Scale: 3/16" = 1'
                                                                                                                                                                4      2       0             4


                                                                                                  FIGURE 13























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                                                            601  001       17:1
                                               7245                          -6


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                        W Stream Gazes A -E                 Ruther Gen                            464



                                                                                                 176



                    -VVATERSHED/WATER QUALITY MONITORING FOR
                                          THE POLECAT CREEK 'WATERSHED





                                                                            Semiannual Report
                                                                  September - December,1994

                                                                     Report No. P-94H2-9504



                                                                                               By:
                                                    Biological Systems Engineering Department
                                             Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
                                                               Bl,.q.cksburg, Virginia 24061-0303

                                                                                              For:
                                                   Chesapeake  Bay Local Assistance Departmet





           Virginia                                               Department of Biological Systems Engineering
                   UUTech
                   qW VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE              College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
                         AND STATE UNIVERSITY                     Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0303
                                                                  (703) 231-6615 Fax: (703) 231-3199

                                                                   Celebrating Our Department's 75th Anniversary
                                                                                    1920-1995




                                        Data Report (September - December 1994)


                                                  Polecat Creek Watershed



              A total of 207 mm of precipitation occurred on the Polecat Creek Watershed for the period

              between September - December 1994. A runoff/rainfall ratio of 0. 18 was resulted at QOA (the

              watershed outlet) for this period. A summary of rainfall amounts, runoff volume and peak runoff

              rates for all monitoring stations for the reporting period is presented in Tables I and 2 .




              Tables 3 through 12 summarize the sediment and nutrients concentrations and loading for all 5

              stations in the watershed. The concentrations of sediment and nutrients at all stations were small


              and much lower than those from typical agricultural watersheds, such as Owl Run and Nomini

              Creek. Nitrate concentrations were always lower than the 10 pprn standard set by EPA for

              drinking water.




              It should be noted that the values reported in Tables I - 12 may change when the runoff rating

              curves for the stations are finalized. Currently, 5 data points have been taken for runoff rate

              measurements at each station. Most of these data points were taken during low to medium flow

              rates. For the purpose of this report, the rating curves were extrapolated to determine the flow

              rates for all events which occurred during this reporting period. It also should be noted that the

              attached data tables follow the same format developed for the Owl Run and Nomini Creek




                                        A Land-Grant University- The Commonwealth Is Our Campus
                                            An Equal Opportunity lAffirmative Action Institution









               Watersheds, to facilitate the comparison among different watershed with different landuse

               activities. A copy of rating curves developed for various runoff stations is attached.



               A monthly summary of precipitation, humidity, temperature and evaporation data collected at the

               weather station is presented in Table 13. Table 14 presents a summary of rainwater quality data

               collected from the watershed. It is interesting to note that nitrate concentrations in the rainwater

               are, in many instances, greater than those measured in the stream, indicating that the watershed

               acts as a filter to reduce selected pollutants concentrations.



               Summaries of bacteriological data collected during the reporting period are presented in Table

               15 - 18. The data are presented for fecal coliform, total coliform, and fecal streptococcus.

               Geometric and arithmetic means, as well as standard deviations are reported. In many instances,

               the bacteria count are lower than the health standards set by EPA. A ratio of fecal coliform to

               fecal streptococci (FC/FS) of greater than 0.7 is indicative of contamination by domestic waste,

               such as septic tanks. This ratio exceeded 0.7 in two instances at QOB. Closer examination of

               landuse activities in QOB subwatershed is recommended in order to assess the sources of


               contamination.










                              Table 1. Polecat Creek Watershed Storm Summa Y (Sep. - Dec., 1994).

                                   Storm                                           QPA                                    QPB                                     QPC
                                   Dates             Avg. Rainfall Runoff              Peak- Runoff             Runoff Peak Runoff                     Runoff         Peak Runoff
                                                          (mm)           (mm)              (mm/hr)              (mm)              (mm/hr)               (mm.)             (mm/hr)


                                   9/22 - 9/23             41.25             0.185             0. 0 12)            0.238              0.011                0.000             0.012
                                   9/26 - 9/26             10.09             1.723             0.049               0.074              0.009                2.391             0.029
                                   10/14-     10/14        16.64             0.612             0.012               0.939              0.045                1.524             0.038
                                   10/20    - 10/21        12.31             0.222             0.020               0.819              0.062                1.252             0.052
                                   10/23    - 10/23        15.40             1.995             0.035               0.141              0.057                0.000             0.047
                                   101126-    10,126        6.40             0.927             0.028               0.123              0.007                0.000             0.046
                                   11 '/10-   11/10         7.05             0.467             0.028               0.077              0.006                1.462             0.044
                                   11/16-     11/17         7.41             2.618             0.033               0.076              0.004                3.029             0.057
                                   I 1 /21 -  11/21        30.88             2.846             0.056               0.159              0.041                3.544             0.248
                                   11/227 -   11/27        12.53             1.854             0.024               0. 1121            0.006                4.078             0.224
                                   12i 4 -    12/ 5         6.99             1.332             0.020               0.082              0.005                1.804             0.044
                                   STORMS                 168.69           14. 7 82            0.056***            2.840              0.128***            19.085             0.248***
                                   AMBIENT                 38,147           19.927             0.007*              26.460             0.010*              53.499             0.021 *
                                   TOTAL                  206.84            34.709             0.012**             29.300             0.0 11              72.584             0.029**


                              *Average ambient flow
                              **Averaec 6-month flow
                              ***Maximum peak runoff rate









                               Table 2. Polecat Creek Watershed Storm Summar@, (Sep. - Dec., 1994).

                                    Storm                                                         QPD                                      QPE
                                    Dates                   Avg. Rainfall              Runoff        Peak Runoff                Runoff         Peak Runoff
                                                                  (mm.)                 (mm)              (mm/hT)               (mm)               (mm/hr)

                                    9/22-    9/23                   41.25                  6.976              0.150                 2.054             0.031
                                    9/26-    9/26                   10.09                  1,191              0.089                 1.206             0.019
                                    10/14    - 10/14                16.64                  1.563              0.079                 1.889             0.028
                                    101120   - 10/21                12.31                  0.000              0.079                 0.726             0.024
                                    10/23    - 10/23                15.40                  0.647              0.057                 1.960             0.032
                                    10/126-    10/26                 6.40                  0.503              0.016                 5.276             0.047
                                    11/10-     11/10                 7.05                  0.566              0.011                 -2. 3 7 7         0.042
                                    11/16-     11/17                 7.41                  1.443              0.025                 O@413             0.028
                                    11/21 -    11/21                30.88                  2.688              0.142                 4.284             0.069
                                    11/27/ -   111127               12. 5 3                2.097              0.069                 1.561             0.024
                                    12.14 -    12/ 5                 6.99                  1.043              0. 0211               1.064             0.023
                                    STORMS                        168.69                   8.717              0. 150              22.811              0.069***
                                    AMBIENT                         38.147                67.159              0. 022 3            35.666              0.014*
                                    TOTAL                         206.84                  85.875              0.030**              58.47/             0.023"



                               *Averasze ambient flow
                               **Average 6-month flow
                               ***Maximum peak runoff rate









                            Table 3. Nutrient Concentration from Polecat Creek )Watershed (Q PA), Sep. - Dec.. 1994.


                               Storm              Runoff          TSS           NH4            N03          TKN'             TN          TKN filtered          OP           TP              TP filtered
                                                 (I x 101)        (g/1)         (ppm)          (ppm),       (ppm)            (ppm)           (ppm-)            (ppm)        (ppm)              (ppm)

                               9/22 -  9/23            0.6        0.006         0.086          0.050        0.397            0.447           0.411             0.000       0.047                0.000
                               9/26 -  9/26            5.4        0.007         0.000          0.146        0.000            0.146           0.000             0.003       0.045                0.000
                               10/14 -   10/14         -@. 1      0.007         0.000          0.146        0.000            0.146           0.000             0.003       0. 041 5             0.000
                               10/20   - I 0'121       0.9        0.007         0.000          0.146        0.000            0.146           0.000             0.003       0.045                0.000
                               10/23   - 10/23         6.4        0.008         0.000          0.140        0.000            0.140           0.000             0.000       0.065                0.000
                               10/26 -   10/26         3.3        0.008         0.000          0.140        0.000            0.140           0.000             0.000       0.065                0.000
                               11/10   - 11/10         3.6        0.003         0.099          0.285        0.050            0.335           0.000             0.000       0.026                0.000
                               11/16 -   I I'/17      10.1        0.0@5         0.000          0.000        3.857            3.857           0.000             0.000       0.235                0.000
                               I I' /21- I 1 /21       9.5        0.004         0.045          0.055        2.018            2.073           0.000             0.000       0.016                0.000
                               11/27   - 11/27         6.0        0.000         0.015          0.041        1.366            1.407           0.897             0.001       0.000                0.000
                               12/ 4   - 12/ 5         4.2        0.001         0.030          0.045        1.018            1.063           1.712             0.000       0.000                0.000
                               Storm                  51.9        0,014         0.020          0.088        1.366            1.454           0.246             0.001       0.070                0.000
                               Ambient                56.9        0.013         0.030          0.115        0.929            1.045           0.127             0.000       0.071                0.007
                               Total                 108.7        0.014         0.025          0.102        1.138            1.240           0.184             0.000       0.070                0.004









                            Table 4. Nutrient Loading from Polecat Creek Watersbed (QPA), Sep. - Oct., 1994.


                               Storm                  TSS               NH4              N03               TKN                               TKN filtered OP                    TP               TP filtered
                                                         ----------------------------------------------------------------       Kg   ----------------------------------------------------------------
                               9/122-   91123            3.3              0.05              0.03            0.23                0.26                 0.24           0.00           0.03                 0.00
                               9/26-    9/26            37.7              0.00              0.79            0.00                0.79                 0.00           0.02           0.24                 0.00
                               10 '/14-   10/14         14.4              0.00              0.30            0.00                0.30                 0.00           0.01           0.09                 0.00
                               10/20    - 10/21          6.4              0.00              0.13            0.00                0.13                 0.00           0.00           0.04                 0.00
                               10 '123  - 10  /23       50.9              0.00              0.89            0.00                0.89                 0.00           0.00           0.41                 0.00
                               10/26-     10/26         26.1              0.00              0.46            0.00                0.46                 0.00           0.00           0.21                 0.00
                               11/10-     11/10         11.5              0.35              IM              0.18                1.20                 0.00           0.00           0.09                 0.00
                               11/16-     11/17       554.4               0.00              0.00           38.88              38.88                  0.00           0.00           2.37                 0.00
                               11/21 -    11/21         35.9              0.42              0.52           19.1')             19.64                  0.00           0.00           0.15                 0.00
                               11 '127-   11/27          0.0              0.09              0.24            8.1@                8.43                 5.37           0.01           0.00                 0.00
                               12/ 4 -    12! 5          4.2              0.12              0.19            4.24                4.43                 7.13           0.00           0.00                 0.00
                               Storm                  744.8               1.0               4.6            70.8               75.4                  12.7            0.0            3.6                  0.0
                               Ambien-,               762.2               1.7               6.5            52. 9              59.4                   7.2            0.0            4.0                  0.4
                               Total                  1506.9              2.8              11.1          123.77               134.8                 20.0            0.0            7.7                  0.4









                              Table 5. Nutrient Concentration from Polecat Creek Watershed (QPB), Sep. - Dec., 1994.


                                 Storm                 Runoff           TSS             NH4              NO,            TKN                T NI         TKN filtered             OP             TP                TP filtered
                                                      (I x 101)         (2/1)           (ppm)            (ppm)          (ppm)              (ppm)             (ppm)               (ppm)          (ppm)               (ppm)

                                 9/22-     9/23             6.3         0.001           0.399            0.008          0.285              0.292             0.000               0.000        0. 076                  0.000
                                 9/26 -    9/26             2.0         0.041           0.153            0.093          0.000              0.093             0,000               0.000        0.040                   0.000
                                 10/14-      10/14         26.2         0.041           0.153            0.093          0.000              0.093             0.000               0.000        0.040                   0,000
                                 10/20     - 10/21         22.0         0. 04 f         0.153            0.093          0.000              0.093             0.000               0.000        0.040                   0.000
                                 10/23     - 10/23          4.31        0.041           0.153            0.093          0.000              0.093             0.000               0.000        0.040                   0.000
                                 10,126-     10/26          4.0         0.041           0.153            0.093          0.000              0.093             0.000               0.000        0.040                   0.000
                                 11/10     - 111,10         2.3         0.004           0.000            0.0-)-)        0.000              0.022             0.000               0.001        0.000                   0.000
                                 11/16-      111/1-1        2. 1        0.002           0.047            0.009          0.771              0.780             1.260               0.000        O.OOQ                   0.000
                                 11/21     - 11/21          4.5         0.035           0.039            0.028          1.464              1.492             1.156               0.000        0.058'                  0.000
                                 11/2-1    - 11 /27         3.3         0.000           0.043            0.015          1.102              1.117             1.276               0.000        0.002                   0.000
                                 12/4      - 12/ 5          4.1         0.000           0.010            0.019          0.524              0.543             1.136               0.001        0.000                   0.000
                                [
                                 Storm                     81.3         0.032           0. 147           0.072          0.194              0.266             0.206               0.000        0.038                   0.000
                                 Ambient                  698.3         0.029           0.109            0,069          0.088              0.157             0.120               0.000        0.034                   0.014
                                 Total                    779.6         0.029           0.113            0.069          0.099              0.169             0.129               0.000        0.034                   0.013










                            Table 6. Nutrient Loadincy from Polecat Creek Watershed (QPB), Sep. - Dec., 1994.
                                                               C


                               Storm                   TSS               NH4              N03                TKN               TN               TKN filtered OP                      TP              TP filtered
                                                          ----------------------------------------------------------------         Kg   ----------------------------------------------------------------

                               9/22 - 9/123               8.5              2.53              0.05             1.81                 1.85                  0.00           0.00                                 0.00
                               91126-   9126             83.9              0.31              0.19             0.00                 0.19                  0.00           0.00            0.08                 0.00
                               16/14-     1101114     1076.1               4.02              2. 44            0.00                 2.44                  0.00           0.00            1.05                 0.00
                               10/20    - 10/121       901.4               3.36              2.04             0.00                 2.04                  0.00           0.00            0.88                 0.00
                               10/23    - 10 '/23      175.5               0.65              0.40             0.00                 0.40                  0.00           0.00            0.17                 0.00
                               10/26    - 10/26        165.4               0.62              0.38             0.00                 0.39                  0.00           0.00            0.16                 0.00
                               11/10    - 11/10           9.3              0.00              0.05             0.00                 0.05                  0.00           0.00            0.00                 0.00
                               11/16-     11/17           4.1              0.10              0.021            1.59                 1.61                  2.59           0.00            0.00                 0.00
                               I 112 1 -  11/21        157.0               0.18              0.13             6.59                 6.71                  5.20           0.00            0.26                 0.00
                               11/27 -    I I / 217       0.0              0.14              0.05             3.66                 3.71                  4.24           0.00            0.01                 0.00
                               12/4     - 11/             0.0              0.04              0.08             2. 17                2.25                  4.70           0.00            0.00
                                          2.                                                                                                                                                                 0.00
                               Storm                  2581.3             12.0                5.8             15.                  21.6                 16.7             0.0             3.1                  0.0
                               Ambient               19938.2             76.4               48.3 )           61.4               109.7                  83.6             0.1          23.5                    9.9
                               Total                 212519.4            88.3               54.1             77.2               131.4                 100.4             0.1          26.6                    9.9









                           Table 7. Nutrient Concentration from Polecat Creek Watershed (QPC), Sep. - Dec., 1994.


                             Storm               Runoff        TSS            NH4            NO,,         T KN            TN          TKN filtered          OP           TP              TP filtered
                                                (I x 101)      (g/1)          (ppm)          (ppm)        (ppm)           (Ppm)           (PPM)             (ppm)        (Ppm)              (ppm)

                             9/122-   9/23            2.7      0.008          0.064          0.008        0.528           0.536           0.436             0.060       0.055                0.015
                             9/26-    9/26         24.0        0.007          0.000          0.008        0,000           0.008           0.000             0,021       0.055                0.000
                             10/14-     10/14      13.6        0.007          0.000          0.008        0.000           0.008           0.000             0.021       0.055                0.000
                             10/20    - 10/21      11.1        0.007          0.000          0.009        0.000           0.008           0.000             0.021       0.055                0.000
                             10/23    - 10/23         0.0      0.000          0,000          0.000        0.000           0.000           0.000             0.000       0.000                0.000
                             10 '116 -  101/26        0.0      0.000          0.000          0.000        0.000           0.000           0.000             0.000       0.000                0.000
                             11/10    - 11/10      13.1        0.005          0.000          0.056        0.059           0.115           0.716             0.004       0.020                0.000
                             11/16-     11/117     27.3        0.000          0.020          0.000        1.389           1.388           1.630             0.034       0.025                0.000
                             11 '121  - 11/21      31.7        0.008          0.021          0.032        1.073           1.105           2.304             0.027       0.038                0.065
                             111127   - 11/27      36.4        0.00@          0.047          0.090        0.032           0.122           0.083             0.037       0.001                0.003
                           -12/ 4 -     12/ 5      16.8        0.003          0.000          0.091        0,000           0.093           0.000             0. 106      0.000                0.000
                             Storm                 176.7       0.005          0.017          0.040        0.425           0.465           0.741             0.035       0.028                0.012
                             Ambient               475.5       0,007          0.006          0.036        0.264           0.299           0.492             0.025       0.047                0.016
                             Total                 652.1       U06            0.009          0.037        0.308           0.344           0.559             0.027       0.042                0.015









                          Table S. Nutrient Loading from Polecat Creek Watershed (QPC), Sep. - Dec., 1994.


                            Storm                 TSS              A7H,            N03             TKN              TN              TKN filtered OP                  TP              TP filtered
                                                     ----------------------------------------------------------------  Kg   ----------------------------------------------------------------

                            9/22- 9/23             21.3             0.17              0.02           1.40              1.43                 1.16          0.16          0.15                0.04
                            9/126- 9/26           168.0             0,00              0,19           0.00              0.19                 0.00          0.50          132                 0.00
                            10/14-    10/14        95.2             0.00              0.11           0.00              0.11                 0.00          0.29          0.75                0.00
                            10/20-    10/21        78.3             0.00              0.09           0.00              0.09                 0.00          0.23          0.62                0.00
                            10/23   - 10/23          0.0            0.00              0.00           0.00              0.00                 0.00          0.00          0.00                0.00
                            10/26   - 10/26          0.0            0.00              0.00           0.00              0.00                 0.00          0.00          0.00                0.00
                            11/10   - 11/10        65.3             0.00              0.73           0.77              1.50                 9.35          0.05          0.26                0.00
                            11 '/16-  11/17          0.0            0.55              0.00         37.83              37.83                44.42          0.93          0.68                0.00
                            11/21 -   11 /21      253.9             0.67              1.01         33.98              34.99                72.95          0.86          1.20                2.04
                            11/27 -   11 /27      179.7             1.70              3.28           1.16              4.44                 3.04          1.34          0.04                0.09
                            -12/4-    12/ 5        50.5             0.00              1.57           0.00              1@57                 0.00          1.78          0.00                0.00
                            Storm                 912.1             3.1               7.0          75.1               8 '121. 1          130.9            6.1           5.0                 2.2
                            Ambient              3131.7             2.9             16.9          125.4             142.3               233.7           11.7         22.1                   7.8
                            Total                4043.8             6.0             23.9          200.6             224.5               364.6           17.9         2-17.2               10.0









                              Table 9. Nutrient Concentration from Polecat Creek Watershed (QPD), Sep. - Dec., 1994.


                                Storm                Runoff           TSS            NH4              N03           TKIN,             TN           TKN filtered            OP            TP               TP filtered
                                                    (I x 101)         (g/1)          (ppm)            (ppm)         (ppm)             (ppm)            (ppm)               (ppm)         (ppm)               (ppm)

                                9/22 -   9/23           185-2)        0.013          0.017            0.016         0.355             0.371            0.051               0.028        0.046                 0.009
                                91126-   9/26           32.1          0.000          0.000            0.005         0.059             0.064            0.248               0.010        0.030                 0.000
                                10/14-      10/14       41.1          0.000          0.000            0.005         0.059             0.064            0.248               0.010        0.030                 0.000
                                10/20    -  101/21      37.0          0.000          0,000            O.M           0.059             0.064            0.248               0.010        0.030                 0.000
                                10/23    -  10/23       16.9          0.006          0.000            0.006         0.825             0.831            0.000               0.013        0.075                 0.000
                                10/26    -  10/26       14.3          0.006          0.000            0.006         0.825             0.831            0.000               0.013        0.075                 0.000
                                11/10    -  11/10       15.2          0,006          0.000            0.009         0.000             0.009            0.000               0.091        0.097                 0.055
                                11/16    -  11'/ 17     37-9          0.009          0.000            0.000         0.001             0.001            0.000               0.040        0.000                 0.000
                                11/21    -  111121      70.1          0.013          0.003            0.007         0.392             0.400            0.064               0.025        0.052                 0.015
                                11/27    -  11/127      57.1          0.000          0.050            0.009         0.466             0.475            0.773               0.023        0.071                 0,001
                                12/4-       12/ 5       29.1          0.000          0.045            0.019         0.845             0.864            0.512               0.018        0.065                 0.000
                                storm                   536.0         0.007          0.014            0.010         0.330             0.340            0.187               0.025        0. 04 7               0.007
                                Ambient               1703.6          0.002          0.004            0.026         0.331             0.357            0.357               0.014        0.138                 0.138
                                Total                 2239.7          0.004          0.007            0. 0 22)      0.331             0.353            0.317               0.016        0.116                 0.107









                            Table 10. Nutrient Loadina from Polecat Creek Watershed (QPD), Sep. - Dec., 1994.
                                                              Z@


                              Storm                  TSS               NH4             N03               TKN               TN              TKN filtered OP                    TP              TP filtered
                                                         --------------- ------------------------------------------------     Kg   ----------------------------------------------------------------

                              91122-   9/23         2371.3              3.08              3.02           65.73              68.75                  9.40           5.22           8.45                 1.61
                              9/26 -   9/26              0.0            0.00              0.16             1.89               2.05                 7.98           0.32           0.96                 0.00
                              10 '114-   10/14           0.0            0.00              0.21             2.41               2.62)                10.19          0.41           1.23                 0.00
                              10/20    - 10/21           0.0            0.00              0.19             2.17               2.36                 9.19           0.37           1.11                 0.00
                              10/23    - 10/23       101.7              0.00              0.10           13.98              14.08                  0.00           0.22           1.27                 0.00
                              10/26    - 10/126         85.6            0.00              0.09           11.76              11.85                  0.00           0.19           1.07                 0.00
                              111110 -   I I' /10       94.6            0.00              0.14             0.00,              0.14                 0.00           1.37           1.46                 0.84
                              11/16-     11/17       342.8              0.00              0.00             0.03               0.03                 0.00           1. 52)         0.00                 0.00
                              11/21 -    11/21       906.0              0.21              0.51           27.51              28.03                  4.49           1.72           3.61                 1.03
                              11/27    - 11/127          2.0            2.89              0.53           26.60              27.13                 44.17           1.31           4.06                 0.06
                              121/4-     12/ 5           0.0            1.31              0.55           24.55              25.10                  14.87          0.52                                0,00
                              Storm                 3904.0              7.5               5.5          176.6               182.1                100.3            13. 2        25.1                    3.5
                              Ambient               4096.2              7.6              44.7          563.6              608.3                 608.8           23.1         234.9                235.7
                              Total                 8000.3              15.1             50.2          740.2               790.4                709.1           36.2         260.1                239.2









                          Table 11. Nutrient Concentration from Polecat Creek Watershed (QPE), Sep. - Dec., 1994.


                            Storm             Runoff         TSS           NH4           N03         TKN             TN         TKN filtered         OP           TP             TP filtered
                                              (1 x 101)      (g/1)         (ppm)         (ppm)       (ppm)           (ppm)          (ppm)            (ppm)        (ppm)             (ppm)

                            9/22 - 91123        248.1        0.006         0.033         0.042       0.118           0.160          0.092            0.067      0.049                0.064
                            9/26 -  9/26        149.9        0.000         0.000         0.030       0.000           0.030          0.000            0.071      0.050                0.035
                            10/14-    10/14     228.9        0.000         0.000         0.030       0.000           0.030          0.000            0.071      0.050                0.035
                            10120   - 10"21     141.7        0.001         0.000         0.036       0.000           0.036          0.000            0.057      0.083                0.014
                                                                                                                                                                0.105                0.000
                            10/23   - 10/23     237.0        0.002         0.000         0.040       0.000           0.040          0.000            0.047
                            10/26-    10/26     647.4        0.001         0.000         0.048       0.000           0.048          0.000            0.051      0.113                0.039
                            11 '/10 - 11' 110   297.3        0.044         0.000         0.019       0.803           0.833          0.445            0.029      0.176                0.021
                            11/16-    111/17      65.5       0.048         0,000         0.030       1.668           1.698          0.749            0,041      0.215                0.000
                            11/21   - 11 /21    519.9        0.025         0.000         0.047       1.752           1.799          0.344            0.032      0.166                0.002
                            11/27   - 11/27     189.1        0.000         0.025         0.156       1.425           1.581          0.416            0.069      0.095                0.067
                            12/ 4 -   1211 5    153.3        0.003         0.016         0.091       0.768           0.858          0.167            0.077      0.088                0.066
                            Storm             286S.2         0.011         0.005         0.051       0.581           0.632          0.168            0.052      0.113                0.030
                            Ambient           4198.7         0.013         0.007         0.11i       0.527           0.642          0.239            0.060      0.129                0.058
                                                                           0.007
                            Total             7056.9         0.013                       0.089       0.549           0.638          0.211            0.057      0.122                0.046









                         Table 12. Nutrient Loading from Polecat Creek Watershed (QPE), Sep. - Dec., 1994.


                            Storm                TSS              NH4             N03              TKN            TN              TKN filtered OP                  TP             TP filtered
                                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------- Kg  ----------------------------------------------------------------

                            9/22-   9/23         1474.3            8.08            10.43           29.30             39.73              22.82          16.74        12.18               15.99
                            9/26 -  9/26             0.0           0.00             4.50           0.00               4.50                0.00         10. 64         7.49               5.24
                            10/14   - 10/14          0.0           0.00             6.97           0.00               6.87                0.00         16.26        11.45                8.01
                            10/20   - 10/21      170.1             0.00             5.10           0.00               5.10                0.00           8.02       11.76                1.98
                            10/23   - 10/23      473.9             0.00             9.48           0.00               9.48                0.00         11.14        24.88                0.00
                            10/26   - 10/26      795.7             0.00            31.39           0.00              31.39                0.00         32.92        72.97               24.96
                            11/10   - 11/10    12600.9             0.00             8.47         230.80            239.27               127.98           8.21       50.61                5.96
                            11/16   - 11/17      3144.5            0.00             1.97         109.27            111.24               49.09            2.69       14.08                0.00
                            11/21 -   11/21    13192.1             0.00            24.32         910.74            935.06               178.83         16.79        86.13                1.01
                            11/27   - 11/27         19.9           4.66            29.57         269.56            299.12               78.74          12.99        17.97               12.69
                            12/4-     12/ 5      455.6             2.43            13.90         117.69            131.59               25.56          11.84        13.42               10.06
                            Storm              32327.0            15.2            146.0        16617.4            1813.3               483.0         148.2         322.9                85.9
                            Amb'ent            56155.6            30.8            481.2        2206.1             2687.3              1003.0         253.2         539.9              241.4
                            Total              88482.6            45.9            627.2        3873.4             4500.6              1486.0         401.4         862.9              327.3









                           Table 13. Polecat Creek Watershed Weather Parameters: Sep. - Dec., 1994.


                               Month             Precip.               Humidity, %                                   Temperature, C                         Evaporation
                                                (mm)         avg.            min.            max.            ave.            min.           max.                (mm)



                               SEP               64.82       75.7            32.0          100.0             17.3            11.11          221. 2
                               OCT               53.16       81.3            21.0          100.0             14.7              1.1          25.0
                               NOV               67.36       76.7            13.0          100.0             13.9              7.2          23.3
                               DEC               21.50       77.0            14.0          100.0             10.4            -6.1           20.6


                               SEP-DEC
                                                 206.84      62.1            13.0          100.0             14.1             6.1           25.'0




                             Evaporation pan winterized









                     Table 14. Rain Water Quality Data for Polecat Creek Watershed, (sampling station - PP9), Sep. - Dec., 1994.


                                                                                                   Filtered                                        Filtered
                       Sample Collection      TSS           NH4         N03           TKN          TKN               TP            OP               TP
                        Date                  (g"l)       (ppm)         (PPM)       (ppm)          (ppm)          (ppm)           (ppm)            (ppm)

                           9/13/94            0.003       0.038         0.083       0.9404
                           9/23/94            0.003       0.068         0.099         -              -               -
                           I 0 /21 2,19 4       -         0.42          0.462       0.4417           -            0.135
                           10./28@94                      0,162         0.4         1.5066           -
                           11/12/94             -           -            -          0.4416           -            0.055
                           11/21/94           0.003       0.201         0.378       0.3224           -               -
                           121! 3/94          0.014       0.069         0.056         -              -               -
                           12/12'194          0.018       0.762         0.672       1.2139         0.6387            -
                           12/19/94           0.003       0.366         0.815       0.2648         0.4128            -



                           Non-Detectable









                  Table 15.   Number of Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci per 100 ml of Water Sample, Sep. - Dn. 1994, ('11olec--t Creek Watershed).


                                                                                                  Site


                  Date             QPA        QPB        QPC         QPD         QPE                   QPA         QPB        QPC          QPD        QPE
                                                           Fecal Coaorm                                                     Fecal Streptococci
                                   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------


                    09/21/94        < 200       170*       -)0        < 200        40                     230       172*         2-70       360           80
                    10/20/94       < 200       230 *       40          so         < 20                    54        45*           54        270          162
                    11/17/94       < 2100     < 200       < 200      < 200        < 200                   /0         16         430         230            18
                    12/15/94       < 200      < ?00       < 200      < 200        < 200                   8          0            36        29            20


                  *FC/FS ratio -exceeds 0.7 for these samples.









                      Table   6.   Summary of fecal coliforms per 100 ml for all samples. Colony counts outside of the acceptable range axe not included in these
                                   statistics. Polecat Creek Wa@tershed, Sep. - Dec. 1ï¿½94.



                                                                                                 Site

                                                 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 QPA                 QPB                 QPC                 QPD                 QPE



                         Geometric                                     198                  -)8               80                    40
                            Mean


                         Arithmetic                                   200                 30                  so                    40
                            Mean


                         Standard                                       42                  14
                          Deviation

                         Sample Size


                        Samples could not be collected.

                        No quantitative data for determining means.









                      Table 17.    Summary of fecal streptococci per 100 ml for all samples. Colony counts outside of the acceptable range are not included in
                                   these statistics. Polecat Creek Watershed, Sep. - Dec. 1994.




                                                                                                Site

                                                --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                QPA                  QPB                QPC                  QPD                 QPE



                          Geometric                51                  50                 123                 160                  47
                           Mean

                         -Arithmetic              91                   58                 198                 222                  70
                           Mean


                                                  9@
                         Standard                                      70                188                  140                  68
                          Deviation

                        Sample Size                4                   4                   4                   4                    4


                        Samples could not be collected.









                     Table I S.   Summary of total bacterial counts ( -c 10-4@) per 100 ml for all samples. Colony counts outside of the acceptable range are not
                                  included in these statistics. Polecat Creek Watershed, Sep. - Dec. 1994.




                                                                                             Site

                                               --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               QPA                 QPB               QPC                QPD                 QPE


                         Geometric                                  517               654                 229                 256
                          Mean

                         Arithmetic            1000                1143               767               233                   340
                          Mean

                        Standard               1039                1608               551                58                   314
                         Deviation

                       Sample Size                                   3                  3                  3


                       Samples could not be collected.




                    4                     OPA Rating Curve

                 3.5   ---------------------------------------------------------------------

                     3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

                 2.5   ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                     2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
            c/)
                 1.5   ------------------------------------ --------------------------------



                                       ---------------------------------------------------------






                 0.5
                    0.01              0.1               1               10              100            1000
                                                          Flow (cfs)

                       Rating Curve - Fit to field data        V DEQ stream measurements upto 3/28/95





                                         QPB Rating Curve.
                6


                5   ---------------------------------------------------------------- -------


                4   -------------------------------------------------------------------------

            QD
                3   ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
            cz

                2   --------------------------------------------------------- --------------



                    ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------







                0
                1 E-1 0 1 E-8 1 E-6 1 E-4 0.01                                    1         100          1 E4
                                                        Flow (cfs)

                       Rating Curve - Fit to field data        V DEQ stream measurements upto 3/28/95





                                         QPC Rating Curve
                    5


                    4   ------------------------------------------------------------ -------


                    3   --------------------------------------------------------------------

                 CD

                F
                    2   ------------------------------------------------- ------------------
                n



                        ------------------------------      V      V,    -V ----------------------




                                    1-11     H111111    1 11111111
                    0
                    0.001         0.01           0.1             1           10           100         1000
                                                          Flow (cfs)
                       Rating Curve - Fit to field data        V DEQ stream measurements upto 3/28/95





                                    QPD Rating Curve
               3.5

                  3  -------------------------------------------------------------- ----

               2.5   ------------------------------------------------------------ ------

           4-0
           %4.-
           *%.00102  --------------------------------------------------------- ---------
            QD
            cm
               1.5   -------------------------------------------------------- ------------



                     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------
                  1

               0.5   ------------------------------------ ------------------------------

                  0     i  HHH i i i HHII 1 1 1 !111!! 1 1 1 1!11!1 1 1! 1!11!1 !!!11111 i i i Wid i i HM
                   1 E-5 1 E-4 0.001 0.01. 0.1                  1       10     100 1000
                                                 Flow (cfs)

                   Rating Curve - Fit to field data  V DEQ stream measurements upto 3/28/95




                 8                 QPE Rating Curve

                 7  ----------------------------------------------------- --------------




                                                                             - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                 6  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


                 5  ---------I---------------------------- ------------------------------
            C/)

                                               V

                 4  ----------------------------- -------------------------------------




                  0.1                 1                 10               100               1000
                                                   Flow (cfs)
                - Rating Curve - Fit to field data       V DEQ stream measurements upto 3/28/95




                                                                                           Section No. 12
                                                                                           Revision No. 1
                                                                                           Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                           Page No. 1

                                          12.0 REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT



              The Project Director will submit a Quarterly Report (January 15, April 15, July 15, and October 15)
              to the sponser. Each Quarterly Report will address the following topics:


              ï¿½ performance and system audits conducted
              ï¿½ evaluation of compliance with QA/QC Project Plan
              ï¿½  evaluation of data quality measurement trends
              ï¿½  identification of problems, needs, and recommendations for solutions.


              Copies for Quarterly Report will be sent to the Grant Project Manager, the QA officer and Project
              Engineer/Manager. The final quarterly status report following completion of the project will provide
              a summary of the items listed above.





























                                                                                                                33





                                                                                             Section No. 11
                                                                                             Revision No. I
                                                                                             Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                             Page No. 1

                                                 11.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION



               If a calibration check shows that an equipment is not preforming within the accuracy stated in the
               objective, then a problem will be considered to exist. If the equipment should be repaired or
               recalibrated. the field and laboratory personnel will be notified of any changes and will be provided
               a copy of the new calibration forrn and other information as necessary.






































                                                                                                                  32





                                                                               Section No. 10
                                                                               Revision No. I
                                                                               Date: 5/12/95
                                                                               Page No. 1

               10.0 PROCEDURES USED TO DEVELOP ACCURACY AND PRECISION DATA



            10.1 Field Data: Detail procedure and methods used to calculate precision and accuracy for field
            equipment is given in Appendix C.


            10.2 Laboratory Data: Ile procedures for calculating and reporting precision and accuracy for
            laboratory data are given in Appendix D- 13.






































                                                                                                 31




                                                                                    Section No. 9
                                                                                    Revision No. I
                                                                                    Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                    Page No. 1

                                       9.0 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE



              Preventative maintenance is described under section 4.0 of this report. Following is a list of field and
              laboratory equipment that would require preventative maintenance during the projects life:


              Automatic Water Quality Samplers

              Staff Gages
              Rain Gages
              Stage Recorders

              Current Meter

              Auto Analyzer

              Laboratory Balances
              Bloc Digester
              Dattaloggers

              TRACS 800

              Drying Ovens

              Stills

              GC

























                                                                                                       30





                                                                                            Section No. 8
                                                                                            Revision No. I
                                                                                            Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                            Page No. 1

                                                 8.0 AUDIT PROCEDURES



              A system of semi-annual audits will be established to review and assess the ongoing quality assurance
              practices for compliance with the quality assurance program. These audits will be conducted by a
              conurdttee whose members include the Laboratory Liaison Officer, Project Manager, Field
              Technician, and Project Quality Assurance Officer. This Comrmittee win be responsible for verifying
              both compliance and perfon-nance and to identify discrepancies when they exist. During these initial
              audits control charts will be reviewed to assure that a) they are up-to-date and that control samples
              are being measured at the specified intervals in the lab, b) all field and laboratory equipment and
              instrumd.ntation are checked and calibrated according to the specified procedures, c) a log book of
              problems encountered and the corrective actions taken is maintained, d) there is a high degree of
              cooperation between the various components of the project, e) uncertainty limits for all data is
              enforced, and f) all reports to the sponsoring agency are screened for QA aspects. 'Me field and
              laboratory Quality Assurance Audit form (Appendix F) will be used by the Audit's Committee for
              internal audits to be conducted during June and December each year. The committee will report on
              the progress of the project and make recommendations for corrective actions as required.























                                                                                                                  29





                                                                                                 Section No. 7
                                                                                                 Revision No. 1
                                                                                                 Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                                 Page No. I

                                             7.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL


               Internal quality control is an integral part of determining the quality of both field and laboratory data.
               Quality control check for field instrumentation are included in Section 6.0 of this report. The HAS
               data management system examines the important quality control checks.


               The laboratory internal QC checks for the. nutrient data and biological analysis are explained in
               Appendix D and Appendix E, respectively.



































                                                                                                                        28





                                                                                              Section No. 6
                                                                                              Revision No. 1
                                                                                              Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                              Page No. 1

                              6.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING


              Data reduction, validation, and reporting procedures for this project will be according to the data
              management system, HAS, which was designed and adapted in the Water Quality Laboratory of the
              Biological Systems Engineering Department at Virginia Tech to manage hydrologic and water quality
              data from the watershed monitoring projects (Mostaghimi, 1989). A flow diagram of the data
              management system is given in Figure 6. 1.


              'Me Project Director will be responsible for submitting quarterly activity reports. A brief summary
              of activities including progress made, problems encountered, QC check, internal audit records, and
              steps taken to rectify the potential problems will be outlined in quarterly activity reports. Copies of
              these reports will be provided to other project investigators, laboratory    and field personnel.






























                                                                                                                   27





                                                                                             Section No. 5
                                                                                             Revision No. I
                                                                                             Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                             Page No. 4

               on the data collected from other instruments located at the logger sited     which is used for error

               checking.



               Raw data are archived on the diskettes as well as on the Virginia Tech Biologial Systems Engineering
               Department Micro-Vax Mini Computer.


               Data are transferred into the HAS data management system. At this point, the DOS filenames are
               converted to the mainframe file naming convention. For exw-nple above (QPA100188.007), the
               mainf@ame name would be "QPAIRAW88 L001007A" as discussed under section 10.2.2 of this

               report.



               5.3.2 Field Transfe

               0  All electronic data collection devices not accessible by phone lines are serviced weekly by the
               Field Observers. Data from these devices are transferred to a portable computer and stored on
               diskettes. Diskettes are mailed to the Project Engineer at Virginia Tech on a weekly basis.
                  Upon receiving diskettes, data is inventoried and the procedures outlined in the last two steps of

               section 5.3.1 are followed.



























                                                                                                                  26





                                                                                              Section No. 5
                                                                                              Revision No. 1
                                                                                              Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                              Page No. 3

               5.2 Bacteroological Samples: Bacteriological samples are collected on a monthly basis. Sample
               infon-nation is recorded on the field tracking form WQS-3 (Appendix A) and the information for all
               samples are logged into the HAS data management system



               5.3 Electronic Data



               5.3.1. Telecommunication Transfe



               Data recording devices accessible by telephone lines are transferred twice a week, to a personal
               computer at Virginia Tech. Immediately following data transfer, all output files are edited by a full
               screen editor for visual inspection and to verify the beginning and ending data collection dates.
               KEDIT, developed by Mansville Software (1987), is used for this process and was selected because
               it is compatible with the mainframe editor (XEDIT) used at Virginia Tech. The collection dates
               obtained during the editing step provide information for the naming convention used to properly
               identify the permanent output storage files form each site. The files are stored directly from KEDIT
               onto diskettes in a DOS sub-directory named Logger. An example of the DOS file naming
               convention used would be QPA100188.007 for a stream flow site on Polecat Creek Watershed. The
               '001'and'007'afe the beginning and ending collection period Julian days, January I through January
               7, respectively. The'88'is the collection year (1988) and the'QPA! is location of the logger collection
               site. These permanent storage files are referred to as raw data logger files and the file naming
               convention is compatibile with the HAS system as the files are processed during the data reduction,
               phase. 'Me file name and date printed is recorded on form HD-5 (Appendix B).


               After transfer and editing, a SPLIT program, part of the Campbell Scientific PC206 package (1986),
               is executed with each of the site storage files. This program scans and displays selective information
               from the logger data files. Ile main objective for executing this routine is to provide hardcopy of
               the water quality sample event dates and times that were sensed by the 21 x loggers.. These sample
               events are needed to establish proper correspondence between stream flow measurements and water
               sampling during the data reduction phase. The hardcopy output also provides additional infon-nation

                                                                                                                     25





                                                                                             Section No. 5
                                                                                             Revision No. -1
                                                                                             Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                             Page No. 2

               Upon sample delivery, laboratory personnel inventory them and sign off the tracking form. The
               discrepancies, if any, are noted and discussed with the Field Technician. The discrepancies are
               resolved by the Project Engineer in consultation with the Field Observer and Field Technician.
               Tracking sheets are separated by the laboratory manager by sites, each sample is assigned a separate
               laboratory number, and all samples are assigned a group number. All water samples have a letter
               prefix before their laboratory number. The samples are numbered by site and in numerical order by
               field number. The laboratory numbers are recorded on the log-in-shects. If there are more than 120
               samples in a shipment, the samples are separated into two groups. Group numbers consist of two
               letters (i.e., BA).



               Sarnples are retrieved from the cooler and brought to the laboratory. The samples are separated by
               site and a laboratory number is recorded on the top and side of each sample. Samples are checked
               off on the log sheets as they are numbered. If there is more than I bottle for a sample (I field
               number) a composite sample is needed. A portion from each bottle is added to a clean sample
               container, the laboratory number, site, and field number are recorded on the new bottle (Detail
               procedures are included in Appendix D-1)


               Any sample irregularities are recorded in the laboratory log-in notebook. After all samples for each
               shipment have been logged in, the log sheets are assigned a laboratory delivery date and initialed by
               laboratory personnel. Copies of the original log sheets are made and the originals are passed on to
               the project engineer. At this time, sample problems are discussed with the Project Engineer, and all
               decisions on sample status are finalized. Sample numbers and reasons for non-analysis are recorded
               in the laboratory log-in notebook. After the samples are analyzed, they are stored in a walk-in cooler
               at 4*C for up to 6 months. The reason for such storage period is to enable the cros's-checking of the
               information recorded on bottles with laboratory, log-in sheets, and electronically collected
               information (data loggers), if needed. After each semiannual report to the sponsor is completed, the
               samples are discarded. Sample custody procedures for water quality samples are discussed in detail
               in Appendix D-1. 'Me tracking information for all samples are logged into the HAS data management

               system.


                                                                                                                   24





                                                                                                Section No. 5
                                                                                                Revision No. I
                                                                                                Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                                Page No. 1

                                            5.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY PROCEDURE



                Sample custody procedures for various types of samples and data are described in this section. These
                procedur .es are designed to ensure accountability and sample custody responsibility so that there is
                a clear and documented method for the transfer of samples and data between the various laboratories
                involved in sample analysis.



                5.1 Nutrient Water SampleE:



                AR water quality samples are connected to data loggers which record the sampling time. 'Me Field
                Observer, who lives on the watershed, visits all the monitoring stations within 24 hours after a

                rainstorm and:



                ï¿½ Removes all water quality samples collected within 24 hours of sampling time.
                ï¿½ Labels aH samples using the Pre-prepared WQS-L labels (Appendix A).
                ï¿½ Completes field sheets. For nutrient samples, complete field tracking form WQS-1 (Appendix A).
                ï¿½ Transfer samples to the appropriate laboratories.


                In situations where major storm events occur, the field observer immediately notifies the field
                technician who makes a trip solely for transporting the samples to Virginia Tech. Before shipping,
                all samples are inventoried and checked-off against the appropriate field tracking forms by the field
                technician. Appropriate actions are taken to resolve discrepancies between inventories and field
                tracking records by Field Observer and field technicians. All samples are packed in insulated coolers,
                iced down, and transported with the original copy of the field tracking form by surface transportation
                (usually by the University truck used by the field technician, in some cases, for example the biological
                samples, express overnight mail is used.) Nutrient samples and tracking forms are delivered to the
                Virginia Tech Water Quality Laboratory at 400 Seitz Hall in Blacksburg. Ms. Carol Ivey of the
                Water Quality Laboratory is responsible for inventorying and receiving nutrient samples.



                                                                                                                      23









   Table 4.1 (Continued)
    Fecal Colifonn        Grab            Monthly          100 n-11      Nalgene               Cool 40C                  24 hours
    (MPN Tube)


    Total Coliform        Grab            Monthly          100 n-d       Nalgene               Cool 4*C                  24 hours
    (MPN Tube)

    Fecal                 Grab            Monthly          100 Ml        Nalgene               Cool 4'C                  24 hours
    Streptococci
    (Membrane
    filtration)
























                                                                                                                                           z
                                                                                                                                         LAP









   Table 4.1           Sampling Method, Fr@guency, Preservation, and Holding Times
           Analytical                Collection               Collection               Volume                Container                  Preservation Method                 Maximum Holding Time
           Parameters                 Method                  Frequency                Required                 Type             Immediately After Sampling                     Prior To Analysis
                                                                                                          (polyethylene)
      Ammonia                        Automatic               Every 15 cm               500 ml                   Isco                           Cool 4'C                               28 days
                                                            change in stage
                                        Grab                  Bi-weekly                                       Nalgene
      Nitrate & Nitrite              Automatic               Every 15 cm               500 ml                   Isco                           Cool4*C                                28 days
                                                            change in stage
                                        Grab                  Bi-weekly                                       Nalgene
      Nitrate                        Automatic               Every 15 cm               500 ml                   Isco                           Cool 4'C                               14 days
                                                            change in stage
                                        Grab                  Bi-weekly                                       Nalgene                                                                 48 hours
      TKN                            Automatic               Every 15 cm               500 ml                   Isco                           Cool 4'C                               28 days
                                                            change in stage
                                        Grab                  Bi-weekly                                       Nalgene
      Orthophosphate                 Automatic               Every 15 cm               500 ml                   Isco                       Filter, cool 4  C                          14 days
                                                            changein stage
                                        Grab                  Bi-weekly                                       Nalgene                                                                 48 hours
      Total-P                        Automatic               Every 15 cm               500 ml                   Isco                           Cool4*C                                28 days
                                                            change in stage
                                        Grab                  Bi-weekly                                       Nalgene
      COD                            Automatic               Every 15 cm.              500 ml                   Isco                           Cool4*C                                28 days
                                                            change in stage
                                        Grab                  Bi-weekly                                       Nalgene
      TSS                            Automatic               Every 15 cm               500 ml                   Isco                           Cool 4'C                               14 days
                                                            change in stage
                                        Grab                  Bi-weekly                                       Nalgene                                                                 7 days


                                                                                                                                                                                                               Pd  Cn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0
                                                                                                                                                                                                      (jQ
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Z   LA  '0  :5
                                                                                                                                                                                                       0
                                                                                                                                                                                                               z
                                                                                                                                                                                                           Lon P





                                                                                              Section No. 4
                                                                                              Revision No. 1
                                                                                              Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                              Page No. 3

                sampling and analyzed within 24 hours of sampling. The original copy of the field tracking form is
                shipped with samples to the laboratory personnel. Upon samples arrival, laboratory personnel will
                inventory them assign lab number, and sign off the tracking form. Any discrepancies are discussed
                with the Field Observer. Appendix E details the field procedure for biological sampling and retrieval,
                and laboratory analysis developed for Nomini Greek and Owl Run watershed monitoring projects and
                will be adapted to this project (Mostaghimi, 1989).



                4.4.3 Hydrologic Data: Stream water level recording charts are removed weekly by the Field
                Observer. The removal date and time and any equipment malfunctions are noted on each chart.
                Water quality samples identification (i.e. numbers) collected during that chart period is recorded on
                the back of the stream water level chart. All charts collected are mailed to the project manager.



                4.5 Analytical Procedures: The analytical methods for nutrients and biological analysis are
                described in Appendix D, and E, respectively. These methods are based on the procedures listed in

                the US EPA Methods of the Examination of Water and Wastes and the Standard Methods for the

                Exan-dnation of Wastewater.





























                                                                                                                    20





                                                                                              Section No. 4
                                                                                              Revision No. I
                                                                                              Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                              Page No. 2

               4.4 Sample, Identiricafion and Submission to Laboratory: Standard procedures developed for
               the Water Quality Laboratory in the Biological Systems Engineering Department at Virginia Tech will
               be followed. Methods for the calibration and maintenance of equipment used in the Water Quality
               Laboratory are documented--in Appendix C. The purpose of these procedures are to define a regular
               schedule for equipment calibration and to instruct laboratory personnel in the correct maintenance
               of the laboratory instruments so that all tests can be preformed quickly and correctly. All calibration
               and maintenance operations are to be recorded in each piece of equipment's calibration/maintenance

               log book.


               4.41 Nutrient, Sediment, and COD analysis: The Field Observer labels all samples using the pre-
               prepared labels and completes field log sheets (Appendix A). and stores all samples collected by the
               automated water samplers and delivers them to VPI&SU soon after their collection. Grab samples
               are collected on a weekly basis. Grab samples are placed in a cooler (4'C) immediately after
               collection and transported to the Water Quality Laboratory at Virginia Tech.


               All collected samples are inventoried and checked-off against the appropriate field tracking forrns by
               the Field Observer before being transferred to the Water Quality Laboratory. Appropriate action is
               taken to resolve discrepancies between inventories and field tracking records. All samples are packed
               in insulated coolers, iced down, and transported with the original copy of field tracking forrn by
               surface transportation to the Water Quality Laboratory, Biological Systems Engineering Department,
               Virginia Tech.


               When samples arrive in the Water Quality Laboratory, they are logged in and assigned a laboratory
               number for sample tracking. The Allowable sample holding times, for nutrients, sediment, and COD
               are given in Table 4. 1. Detailed information for nutrient analysis, data collection, reporting, and
               storage are given in Appendix D.


               4.4.2 Bactetiological Sampl : The Field Observer labels all samples using the pre-prepared labels.
               All samples are placed in an insulated container and transported to the laboratory irnmediately after

                                                                                                                     19





                                                                                            Section No. 4
                                                                                            Revision No. 1
                                                                                            Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                            Page No. I

                                        4.0 PROJECT OPERATING PROCEDURES



               4.1 Meld Sampling: Water will be sampled at all stations for sediment and nutrient analysis.
               Sampling for bacteria analysis will be conducted at all stations on a monthly basis. At all stations
               samples will be collected by both grab sampling and by automatic water samplers,'on a weekly basis
               and during major rainfall events, for sediment and nutrient analysis.


               At all stations two sampling schedules will be followed for sediment and nutrient measurement. The
               first sampling schedule will be initiated by the Field Observer on a weekly basis through the data
               loggers. The second sampling schedule will be based on the volume of water flowing in the stream
               during storm events.. The da ta logger will be programmed to signal the automatic sampler to take
               a composite sample during each rainfall/runoff event. 'Me sampling date and time and the
               corresponding stream stage is recorded by the data logger. The Field Observer will collect the
               samples within 24 hours of a storm event and send them to the appropriate laboratory at VPI&SU.


               4.2 Sampling Containers, Preservation, and Hold*ng Tomes: Standard procedures established
               for the Water Quality Laboratory in the Biological Systems Engineering at Virginia Tech
               (Mostaghimi, 1989) and approved by U.S. EPA will be followed for the proposed project. These
               procedures are outlined in Tables 4. 1, and are presented in Appendix D.


               4.3 F*eld Testing, Calebration, and Preventative Ma*ntenanc : Calibration and maintenance
               procedures for field equipment are explained in detail in Appendix C. In general, calibration is
               preformed on all equipment at installation time and every six months, thereafter. More frequent
               calibration may be. performed if examination of data suggests an equipment malfunction. Equipment
               maintenance, on the other hand, is performed weekly by the field observer and monthly by the project
               personnel. Equipment are maintained at a level of or better that the stated QA accuracy (Table 3. 1).
               Calibration and maintenance operations are recorded in a notebook.





                                                                                                                  18





                                                                                                                           Section No. 3
                                                                                                                           Revision No. I
                                                                                                                           Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                                                           Page No. 5

                      ble 3.2 (Continued)

                      Fecal Strep              0.0                        95%                 )85%            1 dup. for each sample                APRA 9230
                      (Membrane                colonies/100 ml.         confidence                            I blank per 5 samples
                      filtration)                                          limit


                       Tbe QAprotocol was designed as a minimum allowed QC procedures to Wow based on the data quality objectives for this project.
                       'Mis plan was developed using t4e references listed below. Detection limits are lab values based on the height of recorder noise at
                       maximum sensitivity. (Gas ChromatogrVI, Dr. H. McN* 1985 ACS Shortcourse publication).

                    Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water and WastewatQr Laboratories, USEPA, 1979.

                    Handbook of Quality Assurance fQr the Ana]Zical Chemistry LaboratoU, J. P. Dux (VNR Co. Inc.),
                    1986.


                    Quality Assurance of Chemical Measurements, J. K. Taylor (Lewis Publ. Inc.), 1987.
































                                                                                                                                                        17





                                                                                                                                                     Section No. 3
                                                                                                                                                     Revision No. 1
                                                                                                                                                     Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                                                                                     Page No. 4

                       Table 3.2          Data Quality Standards for Laboratory Data


                                                              Detection                  Percent

                                  Parameter                     Limit                    Recovery               Precision                       QC Pwtoc0l*                           Method
                                                               (m KA)                                             (-9/1)

                          Ammonia                       0.01                             98 - 1029/a                0.06            1 dup. per 20 samples                             EPA
                          (NH3 - N)                                                      recovery                                   I EPA QA-QC standards                             350.1
                                                                                                                                     per 40 samples
                                                                                                                                    I spike per 40 samples
                                                                                                                                    I blank run daily

                          Nitrate                       0.05                             96-100%                   0.026            1 dup. per 20 samples                             EPA
                          (NO, - N                                                                                                  I EPA QA-QC standards                             353.2
                                                                                                                                     per 40 samples
                                                                                                                                    I spike per 40 samples
                                                                                                                                    I blank run daily

                          Orthophosphate                0.01                             89-94%                    0.013            1 EPA QA-QC standards per 40                      EPA
                          (POI - P)                                                                                                 samples                                           365.1
                                                                                                                                    1 spike per 40 samples
                                                                                                                                    I blank run daily

                          TKN                           0.1                              97-101%                   OA26             I dup. per 17.5 samples                           EPA
                                                                                                                                    2 EPA QA-QC standards per 35                      351.2
                                                                                                                                    samples
                                                                                                                                    I blank per 35 samples
                                                                                                                                    I spike per 35 samples

                          Total-P                       0.05                             91-94%                    0.056            1 dup. per 17.5 samples                           EPA
                                                                                                                                    2 EPA QA-QC standards per 35                      365.1
                                                                                                                                    samples
                                                                                                                                    I blank per 35 samples
                                                                                                                                    I spike per 35 samples

                          Total Suspended               0.02                                5%                      0.74            1 dup. per 40 samples                             EPA
                          Solids                                                         relative                                   I blank per 40 samples                            160.2
                                                                                         error                                      I EPA standard     r 200 samples
                                                                                                                                               -------- pe

                          Hardness, total               0.1                              95-100%          ï¿½ 0.5                     1 dup. per 40 samples                             EPA

                                                                                                                                                                                      130.2

                          T`OC (Carbon, total           0.5                              95-100%          ï¿½ 0.5                     1 dup. per 40 samples                             EPA
                          organic)                                                                                                                                                Compatible

                                                                                                                                                                                      Method

                          Fecalfrotal                   0.0                              95%                      95%               1 dup. for each sample.                       APHA 9221
                          Coliform WN Tube)             MPN/100ml                        confidence                                 I blank per five samples
                                                                                         limit                                                                                                 -jI





                                                                                                                                                                                      16










   Table 3.1          Data Quality Standards for Field Data.


             Measurement                                                                                                                            Reference Used for
               Parameter                          Accuracy                           Precision                       Completeness                 Accuracy Calculations

     Rainfall                                        4%                             0.01 inch                             80%                  laboratory calibrated
                                                                                                                                               weights graduated pipette
                                                                                                                                               (with an equivalent 0.0 1
                                                                                                                                               rainfall graduation)
   it Stage                                       0.01 foot                         0.005 foot                            95%                  land surveyor's level
       Stream
     Temperature                                   2.0*C                              0.1*C                               80%                  laboratory grade
       Stream                                                                                                                                  thermometer with 0.2-C
                                                                                                                                               resolution

     Time Data Archival                           10 minute                          1 minute                             95%                  digital watch referenced to
                                                                                                                                               University mainframe clock
                                                                                                                                               and observed to be accurate
                                                                                                                                               within 1 minute per month

     Time of
       Rainfall samples                           10 minutes                         1 minute                             90%                  same as above

       Wet Weather Stream                         5 minutes                          I minute                             90%                  same as above
       Samples










                                                                                                                                                                                                  @O  C/I
                                                                                                                                                                                                   e.
                                                                                                                                                                                               CV
                                                                                                                                                                                               . .0   0





                                                                                                Section No. 3
                                                                                                Revision No. I
                                                                                                Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                                Page No. 2

               systems in order to ensure data comparability (Young, 1985; Mitchel, 1984, Beasley, 1985).
               Standard techniques recommended by Blakensiek et al. (1979) for the initiation and maintenance of
               hydrologic/water quality research project is followed. All data collected is reported in units consistent
               with other institutions reporting similar information to allow comparability of data bases among
               various organizations. The hydrologic/water quality data management system designed for the
               watershed will provide data that could be used by other researchers and organizations in evaluation
               of nonpoint source pollution control strategies.


               3.4 Data Completeness: Data completeness goal, defined as the percent of valid data obtained from
               a monitoring station, compared to the amount that is expected to be obtained under non-nal situations
               are given in Table 3.1 and 3.2. If the completeness goal is not met, the missing data is either
               estimated form nearby stations, or by regression equations developed for some sites based on the
               historical data. In most cases, however, the data collected by the "backup" instrument is used to fill
               the data gap. When a decision is made to fill these gaps by estimating values (i.e. from closest
               alternate station or regression equations) such infon-nation will be tagged as estimated rather than
               observed in our data base management system.






















                                                                                                                      14





                                                                                              Section No. 3
                                                                                              Revision No. 1
                                                                                              Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                              Page No. 1

                                        3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES



               3.1 Data Accuracy and Precision: The purpose of the QA Plan for the Polecat Creek Watershed
               project is to provide data of known accuracy and precision. Standard techniques established for
               initiation and maintenance of hydrologic/water quality monitoring project were described in detail by
               Mostaghimi (1989) for the Nomini Creek watershed. The QA plan developed for the Nomini Creek
               watershed project, which was reviewed and approved by EPA, will be followed for the Polecat Creek
               project. Data Quality Standards for field and laboratory data are presented in Tables 3. 1 and 3.2,
               respectively. The Quality Assurance Procedures are discussed in more detail in Appendix D.
               Accuracy is estimated by calculating the standard deviation of the differences between the measured
               and referenced values over a typical range of data (Appendix C). Table 3.1 indicates the reference
               used in evaluating precision values for various parameters. Precision is calculated in terms of the
               standard deviation for various rneasurements (Appendix C). The precision and accuracy of field data
               are deternlined on a semi-annual basis. When the established limits (QA/QC established values) are
               not met, the instrumc-nt is recalibrated. according to the guidelines provided by the manufacturers and
               subsequent checks are made to ensure that the instrumentation is functioning properly.


               3.2 Data Representativ : Station QPE was established to describe the overall water quality
               draining the Polecat Creek Watershed. Stations QPA, QPB, QPC, and QPD were selected at the
               outlet of major tributaries in the watershed in order to evaluate the relative contributions of NPS
               pollutants originating from various areas within the Polecat Creek watershed. Once sufficient large
               numbers of biological and water chemistry samples are collected at these stations, multivariate
               analysis of the relationship between biological and chemical water quality will be preformed and
               predictive equations will be developed. Other sampling sites such as locations selected for
               precipitation, and raingages were chosen according to the guidelines provided by Brakensiek et al
               (1979) in order to adequately represent the spatial variability within the watershed.


               3.3 Data Comparabilit : The monitoring strategy and analytical approach for the Polecat Creek
               Watershed were selected based on the investigator's experience in watershed/water quality monitoring

                                                                                                                     13





                                                                                          Section No. 2
                                                                                          Revision No. 1
                                                                                          Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                          Page No. 4

              plan, b) ensure that all missing data is identified and replaced in accordance to procedures outlined
              in the QA plan, and c) to archive A data in accordance with the QA plan.















































                                                                                                              12





                                                                                                   Section No. 2
                                                                                                   Revision No. I
                                                                                                   Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                                   Page No. 3

                2.1 Responsibilities: Dr. Mostaghimi of the Department of Biological Systems Engineering,
                VPI&SU will serve as the Project Director and Quality Assurance Officer for the project. Dr.
                Mostaghimi is a specialist in the areas of nonpoint source pollution control, hydrology, and water
                quality engineering. He has authored over 220 technical publications related to various aspects of
                soil and water conservation engineering. He will be responsible for conducting quality assurance
                program and for taking or recommending corrective actions as required. Dr. Mostaghin-ii's other
                responsibilities will be: a) develop and implement quality control programs, including statistical
                procedures and techniques which will meet the desired quality standards, b) monitor quality assurance
                activities and determine conformance with policy and procedures and with sound practices, c)
                conduct system audits and make appropriate recommendations for corrective actions and
                improvements as may be necessary, and d) evaluate data quality and monitor other pertinent
                performance information.


                P.W. McClellan and Mr. A.D. Davis of the Department of Biological Systems Engineering at
                VPI&SU will serve as the Quality Control Officers for the field data collection. Both Mr. McClellan
                and Mr. Davis will ensure the maximum integrity of all hydrologic and water quality data collected
                by following the procedures outlined in the QA/QC Plan for the project. Their specific
                responsibilities will be to ensure that: a) all field equipment is calibrated routinely, b) field technicians
                and field observers are trained on the proper procedures to be followed for sampling and recording,
                c) all field equipment calibrations, sarr4)le handling and shipping are documented and available to the
                QC officer for his review, d) all field data is transferred 'and validated according to procedures
                outlined in the QA plan, and e) all data is reduced according to the QA Plan and reported to the QA
                officer on a regular basis.


                Mr P.W. McClellan and Mr. J.C. Carr of the Department of Biological Systems Engineering at
                VPI&SU will serve as the Quality Control Officers for data reduction and analysis. Both Mr.
                McClellan and Mr. Carr have extensive backgrounds in hydrologic data reduction and analysis. They
                are responsible for ensuring the integrity of all processed data. Their specific responsibilities will be
                to: a) ensure that all hydrologic data is processed in accordance to procedures outlined in the QA





                                                                                Section No. 2
                                                                                Revision No. I
                                                                                Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                Page No. 2

              Data Analysis Laboratory
              Virginia Tech
              307 Seitz Hall
              Biological Systems Engineering Department
              Blacksburg, VA 24061
              Office Phone: (703)231-9432

            WATER QUALITY MONITORING (Nutrients/Bacterial)

              Blake Ross, Laboratory Director
              Virginia Tech
              Seitz Hall
              Biological Systems Engineering Department
              Blacksburg, VA 24061
              Office Phone: (703)231-4702

              Carol Ivey, Laboratory Manager
              Vi rginia Tech
              400 Seitz Hall
              Biological Systems Engineering Department
              Blacksburg, VA 24061
              Office Phone: (703)231-4334
              Home Phone: (703)382-1445

              Julie Jordan, Laboratory Technician
              Virginia Tech
              400 Seitz Hall
              Biological Systems Engineering Department
              Blacksburg, VA 24061
              Office Phone: (703)231-4334


            WATERSHED FIELD OBSERVERS

            Polecat Creek

              Art Griffen
              11468 Brown Lane
              Ruthers Glenn, VA 22546
              Home Phone: (804) 994-5040
              Office Phone: (804) 448-0922






                                                                                                  10





                                                                                         Section No. 2
                                                                                         Revision No. 1
                                                                                         Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                         Page No. 1

                               2.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY



              PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

                Saied Mostaghimi       (703)231-7605
                P. W. McClellan        (703)231-7602

              PROJECT DIRECTOR

                Saied Mostaghin-d
                Virginia Tech
                308 Seitz Hall
                Biological Systems Engineering Department
                Blacksburg, VA 24061
                Office Phone: (703)231-7605
                Home Phone: (703)961-0611

              PROJECT MANAGER

                Phil McClellan
                Virginia Tech
                306 Seitz Hall
                Biological Systems Engineering Department
                Blacksburg, VA 24061
                Office Phone: (703)231-7602
                Home Phone: (703)951-0965

              HYDROLOGIC MONITORING

                Jan Carr
                Virginia Tech
                306-A Seitz Hall
                Biological Systems Engineering Department
                Blacksburg, VA 24061
                Office Phone: (703)231-7607
                Home Phone: (703)951-2189


                Dexter Davis
                Virginia Tech
                106 Seitz Hall
                Biological Systems Engineering Department
                Blacksburg, VA 24061
                Office Phone: (703)231-4606
                Home Phone: (703)552-7118


                                                                                                               9





                                                                                           Section No. 1
                                                                                           Revision No.- 1
                                                                                           Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                           Page No. 7

               1.7 Products Produced: Data summaries will be compiled and progress reports will be submitted
               to the Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department on a semi-annual basis. Intermediate findings
               will be presented through research reports and presentations will be made at professional meetings.
               A final report will be submitted within six months after the project's completion.








































                                                                                                                  8





                                                                                               Section No. I
                                                                                               Revision No. 1
                                                                                               Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                               Page No. 6



               Maintenance of all monitoring stations and collection and shipment (delivery) of samples will be the
               responsibility of the Field Observer. The Field Observer will be trained and his/her specific
               responsibilities will be outlined in a comprehensive field manual. A complete description of sites'
               locations and the equipment in use at each of the sites is given in Table 3.1.




               1.4 Schedule, of Tasks:






















               1.5 Data Evaluation: Water samples will be collected from each site,weekly and during each major
               storm event, with the exception of bacteria samples which will be collected once a month from all
               sites. A database management system developed at the Biological Systems Engineering Department
               will be used for storage, manipulation, and retrieval of the collected information. 'Me system includes
               routines for error checking, data reduction, data summary, graphics and report generation.
               Interactive programming techniques is used to allow rapid access to any data type for selected time
               periods. 'Me data collected from Polecat Creek Watershed will be organized in standard formats and
               archived for future use. Appropriate statistical procedures will be used to identify trends in the water
               quality data collected over the life of the project.

                                                                                                                       7





                                                                                             Section No. 1
                                                                                             Revision No. I
                                                                                             Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                             Page No. 5

               Table 1.1 (continued) Polecat Creek Watershed Monitoring Sites

                  Site             Location                             Equipment Description

                  Name

                  TP1         (the weather station)      Soil Temperature at 0.5 foot depth

                  TP2         (the weather station)      Soil Temperature at 1.0 foot depth

                  QPA      On Cedar Fork Road (Rt.         Stream gage (one analog, one digital, one staff gage)
                                      601)                   and water quality sampling (one automatic water
                                                                             quality sampler)



                  QPB       Close to Smith Farm, off       Stream gage (one analog, one digital, one staff gage)
                            of Rt. 601, between Us           and water quality sampling (one automatic water
                           Rt. I and US Interstate 95                        quality sampler)

                  QPC       On Mr. Atkinson's Farm         Stream gage (one analog, one digital, one staff gage)
                           close to US Interstate 95,        and water quality sampling (one automatic water
                             accessed from Rt. 652                           quality sampler)

                  QPD       On Mr. Atkinson's Farrn        Stream gage (one analog, one digital, one staff gage)
                                 off of Rt. 652              and water quality sampling (one automatic water
                                                                             quality sampler)

                  QPE       Watershed outlet, off of       Stream gage (one analog, one digital, one staff gage)
                                    Rt. 601                  and water quality sampling (one automatic water
                                                                             quality sampler)













                                                                                                                   6





                                                                         Section No. 1
                                                                         Revision No. 1
                                                                         Date: 5/12/95
                                                                         Page No. 4

           Table 1.1. Polecat Creek Watershed Monitoring Sites

              Site         Location                     Equipment Description

             Name
              PPI     Smith sand and gravel      Precipitation, one digital and one standard gage

                             quarry
              PP2         Coleman Farm           Precipitation, one digital and one standard gage
              PP3       Caroline Co. Middle      Precipitation, one digital and one standard gage

                             School

              PP4          Smith Farm            Precipitation, one digital and one standard gage
              PP5         Lake Caroline          Precipitation, one digital and one standard gage
              PP6         Lake Land Or'          Precipitation, one digital and one standard gage
              PP7    On cut over forest land off Precipitation, one digital and one standard gage

                        of Cedar Fork Road

              PP8     Waste water treatment      Precipitation, one.digital and one standard gage
                        facility (the weather

                             station)

              PP9       (the weather station)  Precipitation, one digital, one analog, one standard
                                                 gage, one snow depth, and rain quality sampler

              TP9       (the weather station) Ambient ait tempreture, one analog and digital gage,

                                                        and a max/min thermometer

              HP9       (the weather station) Ambient air humidity, one analog and one digital gage

              DP9       (the weather station)          Wind direction, one digital gage

              VVT9      (the weather station)           Wind speed, one digital gage

              EP9       (the weather station)    Pan Evaporation, one analog and one digital gage

              SP9       (the weather station)          Solar radiation, one digital gage

              CP9       (the weather station)          Soil Moisture at 0.5 foot depth

              CPA       (the weather station)          Soil Moisture at 1.0 foot depth


                                                                                           5
















                               b LOAr
                               DOPSWISIrz           692                                 033
                                   LoAr               1 767             712     96               010

                                                       LZ (I -Smith,

                                683
                                                                  5              1     SO I
                                                            7 4     5
                                                                                                                           0



                                                                                                                               7 14
                                                                                       F, 161
                                             697         OA
                                                       2.                                                      "im
                                                     01  0
                                                           7        764                                           o/ecs
                                                                                         652    . . . . . .
                                                                         f                       ,.s4# she., 16A
                                  War Fork                                                                           4
                                                                                                 705      642                    Coleminj
                                                                                                                                            4D
                                    55B                                                                 716   2.-                   Mill
                                                                                                   0
                                                                                          852              .1, C 11 u r
                                      Coffiry Cotner                                                0,     coulf
                                                                          657                         Q
                                                    659                                               Q                      a 6 -.0
                                                                                                     Mo           207              1
                                                                                             .-v     c=,,@                          fins
                                                                                  0
                                                                                   8
          o Raincraae@ 1-9                                               731                  J.
                                                                                                                                                 4);
                                                                               6 7
              Stream Gaaes A -E
                                                                                          Ruther Glen

                                                                                                                                                          c


                                                                                                                                                          56

                                                          Polecat'Creek Watershed





                                                                                              Section No. 1
                                                                                              Revision No. I
                                                                                              Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                              Page No. 2

                will be collected on a weekly basis. In addition, composite samples from storm events will also be
                collected from all stations. All samples will be analyzed for sediment and various forms of nutrient
                listed in the following paragraph. Samples Will also be collected from all stations, on a monthly basis
                for analysis of bacteria.


                The following analysis will be conducted on the samples collected form the watershed:
                            1.   Total suspended solids
                            2.   Nitrate and nitrite nitrogen
                            3.   Total Kjeldahl nitrogen

                            5.   Total nitrogen
                            6.   Ortho-phosphorus
                            7.   Total phosphorus
                            8.   Carbon, total organic (TOC)

                            9.   Hardness, total

                            10.  Fecal coliform bacteria

                            11.  Fecal streptococci bacteria

                            12.  Total coliform bacteria

                            13.  pH (field monitoring)
                            14.  Dissolved Oxygen (field monitoring)
                            15.  Temperature (field monitoring)
                            16.  Conductivity (field monitoring)


                Automatic water quality samplers will be installed at each runoff monitoring site to evaluate the NPS
                pollutant loadings during storm events. Cross-sectional survey of all sites will be performed and
                stream gauges (analog and digital) as well as staff gages will be installed to estimate the quantity of
                water flowing at all stations. 'Me staff gages will be read by the Field Observer on weekly basis.
                Nine precipitation (rainguage) monitoring stations will also be installed at different locations within
                the watershed to monitor the rainfall amounts and intensity during the life of the project.



                                                                                                                       3





                                                                                                Section No. 1
                                                                                                Revisiorf No. I
                                                                                                Date: 5/12/95
                                                                                                Page No. I

                                                  1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION



                1.1 Need for PrQitct 'Me Polecat Creek Watershed, located in south-central Caroline County of
                Virginia, was selected for this project due to its Rely conversion from a rural watershed to
                predominantly urban watershed with in the n6xt ten years. The 30,000 acre basin is located within
                the Interstate 95 corridor between Richmond, Virginia and Washington, D.C. as well as at
                headwaters of the Mattaponit River which is part of the York River system.


                Currently, the predominant land cover in the watershed is forest, followed by open fields and
                pastureland, but two thirds of the watershed is designated a primary growth area in the Caroline
                County comprehensive plan. The Polecat Creek Watershed also includes some environmentally
                sensitive areas including wetlands and potential habitat for endangered species. Approximately, 2,433
                acres of wetlands and waterbodies are located within the watershed, as wen as 5,234 acres of
                Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas (Resource Protection Areas) buffering the wetlands and
                waterbodies. The watershed presents the habitat requirements for three plant species listed by the
                U.S. Federal Government as threatened or endangered species. lberefore, there is a great need to
                describe the efficacy of existing and en-verging land use regulations and policies in protecting adjacent
                water quality during urban development activities.


                1.2 Qbjectives: 'Me goal of the Polecat Creek Watershed monitoring project is to describe the
                efficacy of existing and emerging land use regulations and polices in protecting adjacent water quality
                during urban development activities. A nonpoint source monitoring system is designed and
                established in the watershed to facilitate the achievement of the above-stated goal.


                1.3 Expedmental Design: A nonpoint source monitoring program is established in the watershed.
                Ile system consists of 5 runoff, 9 rainfall and one weather monitoring station(s) and are described
                in Table 1. 1. The location of various monitoring stations are indicated in Figure 1. 'Me monitoring
                system is designed to identify spatial contribution of NPS pollutants from various tributaries within
                the Polecat Creek watershed. Automatic and Grab water quality samples from all 5 runoff stations










                                                                       LOCATORPAGE

                   QAMS - 005/80 Element                                                                     Project Plan Section

                     Title Page

                     Table of Contents        ..............................................................................i

                     Project Description        ............................................................................ 1.0
                     Project Organization         .......................................................................... 2.0
                     Quality Assurance Objectives            ............................................................ 3.0
                     Project Operating Procedures            ............................................................ 4.0
                     Sample Custody Procedure              ............................................................... 5.0
                     Data Reduction, Validation and Reporting                  ......................................... 6.0

                     Internal Quality Control         ...................................................................... 7.0

                     Audit Procedures         .............................................................................. 8.0

                     Preventative Maintenance            .................................................................. 9.0

                     Procedures Used to Develop Accuracy and Precision Data                         ................ 10.0

                     Corrective Action        .............................................................................. 11.0

                     Reports to Management            ...............................  .................................... 12.0










                                                                          TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                                                                                                       Page

                                                                                                                                                     Number

                        ii.             Locator Page         .....................................................................................        ii

                        1.0             Project Description          ............................................................................         1

                        2.0             Project Organization            ...........................................................................       6

                        3.0             Quality Assurance Objectives                 ............................................................         10

                        4.0             Project Operating Procedures                 ............................................................         15

                        5.0             Sample Custody            ................................................................................        20

                        6.0             Data Reduction, Validation and Reporting                        .........................................         24

                        7.0             Internal Quality Control            ......................................................................        25

                        8.0             Audit Procedures           ...............................................................................        26

                        9.0             Preventive Maintenance              .....................................................................         27

                        10.0            Procedures Used to Develop Accuracy and Precision Data                                 ................           28

                        11.0            Corrective Action           ..............................................................................        29

                        12.0            Reports to Management               ....................................................................          30


                     Appendices
                                     Appendix A.                     Field Operation Manual
                                     Appendix B.                     Hydrologic Data Analysis Forms
                                     Appendix C.                     Calibration and Maintenance of Field and Laboratory
                                                                     Equipment.
                                     Appendix D.                     Standard Operating Procedures for Nutrients Sample Analysis
                                     Appendix E.                     Standard Operating Procedures for Biological Sample Analysis
                                     Appendix G.                     Internal Performance Procedures for Field and Laboratory
                                                                     Operations.
                                     Appendix H.                     References Cited









              QUALITY ASSURANC           E OFFICER: Saied. Mostaghimi
              TITLE: Professor, Biological Systems Engineering Department, VP1&SU`
              Signature:                                            Date:


              PROJECT SUPERVISOR: Saied Mostaghimi
              TITLE: Professor, Biological Systems Engineering Department, VPI&SU
              Signature:                                            Date:


              PROJECT ENGINEER / MANAGER: Phillip W. McClellan
              TITLE: Systems Analyst, Biological Systems Engineering Department, VPI&SU
              Signature:                                            Date:



              GRANT PROJECT MANAGER: Jean N. Tingler
              TITLE:                           Virginia Council on the Environment, Richmond, VA
              Signature:                                            Date:














                                       QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL


                                                     PROJECT PLAN


                                                            for



                                 POLECAT CREEK WATERSHED


                                        MONITORING PROJECT







                                                       Prepared by

                                                    Saied Mostaghimi
                                                   Phillip W. McClellan


                                         Biological Systems Engineering Department
                                       Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University


                                                        April 1995
















                                            POLECAT CREEK INVESTIGATION
                                                  BIOLOGICAL MONITORING





                                         October 1, 1994 through March 30, 1995





                         Virginia Commonwealth University


                         Dr. Leonard Smock
                         Dr. Greg Garman
                         Mark King
                         Anne Wright

                         March 30, 1995























                T11is project was funded, in part, by the Department of Environmental Quality's Coastal Resources Management
                Program through Grant #NA370A0360-01 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean
                and Coastal Resource Management, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. The views
                expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies.











                                                                EVMODUCTION




                          This report details work conducted from October 1, 1994 through March 30, 1995 on the biornonitoring

                 network of the Water Quality Monitoring Program designed by the Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department

                 (CBLAD) for the Polecat Creek watershed. Quarterly samples will be continued through the spring and summer

                 of 1995 under a 1994 NOAA Coastal Zone Management Program grant. The data presented in this report will be

                 added to those additional data collected for an annual assessment of biotic integrity.

                          The objective of the work was to provide a biological assessment, utilizing macroinvertebrate and fish

                 communities, as well as an assessment of channel and riparian habitat of existing water quality in streams throughout

                 the watershed. Ultimately, the study will provide a data base to enable detection of changes in water quality brought

                 about by changes in land use. Meeting these objectives will enhance our ability to determine the efficacy of landuse

                 regulations designed to protect water quality from changes that might occur during and after altered land use in the


                 watershed.





                 SITE DESCRIPTIONS


                          Trend monitoring sites (Table 1) exhibited physico-chemical characteristics that were typical of streams of

                 the lower piedmont and upper coastal plain in the mid-Atlantic region (Smock and Gilinsky 1992; Garman and

                 Nielson 1992). The substrate at most sites was a mixture of sand and gravel, with occasional cobble and bedrock

                 in areas of moderate gradient. Sites ranged in size from first- (e.g. site A; YOPIA) to fourth-order (Mattaponi

                 River, R;YOP4R). Two sites (Reedy Swamp, F; YOP217 and site W;YOP2W) exhibited extensive nontidal

                 wetlands, and were selected to represent this potentially important habitat type. Reference sites Crable 1) were

                 chosen to represent "least impaired* conditions (Karr et.al. 1986) across a range of stream orders, based on

                 extensive field surveys for relatively undisturbed locations. In one case (site H: Higgins Stream), a suitable first-

                 order reference stream could not be located within the York River drainage and a site in Surry County was selected.

                          In order to manipulate data within a computer database, each site was given a standardized, hierarchical

                 code that uniquely identified collections. 'Me first two characters identify the drainage name (e.g. YO=York rive










                 Table 1.          Study site descriptions for biological/habitat trend monitoring and reference locations. The
                                   CBLAD and VCU site codes are provided in parentheses following the site name; interpretation
                                   of site codes is provided in the text.


                 Stream                              Description



                 Monitoring Sites


                 Polecat Creek              at Rt. 601, south of I.Ake Caroline; first order
                  (A; YOPIA)

                 Stevens Mill Run           at Rt. 601, outfall from Lake Caroline; second order
                  (B; YOP2B)

                 Unnamed tributary          on Atkinson property and adjacent to 1-95; second order
                  (C; YOP2C)

                 Polecat Creek              at Rt. 652; third order
                  (D; YOP3D)

                 Polecat Creek              at Rt. 601 near Penola, Virginia; third order
                  (E; YOP51))

                 Reedy Swamp                at Rt. 601, a tributary of Polecat Creek exhibiting extensive nontidal wetlands; second
                 (F; YOP2F)                 order

                 Mattaponi River            at the confluence with Polecat Creek; fourth order
                  (R; YOP4R)


                 Reference Sites


                 Higgins Stream             southeast of Waverly, Surry County, Virginia; first order
                  (H; CHHIA)

                 Unnamed tributary          at Rt. 658, north of Partlow, Virginia; second order stream exhibiting extensive nontidal
                  (W; YOP2W)                wetlands; Spotsylvania County

                 South River                at Rt. 603, second order
                  (S; YOP2S)

                 Matta River                at Rt. 632, third order
                  (M; YOP3M)










                 drainage), the third character identifies the steam name within that drainage (e.g. YOP=Polecat Creek), and the

                 fourth character indicates steam order (e.g. YOPI = lst order), and the final character provides the site name (e.g.

                 YOPIA=site A of the Polecat Creek system). A date string (mmMdlyy) follows the site designation and uniquely

                 identifies an individual collection (e.g. YOPIA060294). Throughout the appendices, collections are identified by

                 these codes.










                                                 BENTHIC MACROEWMTEBRATES


                                                                     METHODS


                          Methodology for the analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate communities followed the procedure of the

                 Environmental Protection Agency's Rapid Bioassessment Protocol III (RBP; Plafkin et al. 1989) with some

                 enhancements. RBP HI was chosen because its greater level of taxonomic resolution (genus versus family level)

                 provides a better discrimination of degrees of water quality among sites.

                          The PRB IR protocol calls for sampling benthic invertebrates in the most productive habitat in a set of

                 streams. This usually is the riffle-run habitat. Not all of the streams in the Polecat Creek drainage, however, have

                 a well developed riffle-run geomorphology. In such cases, the protocol and subsequent modifications for low-

                 gradient streams suggest sampling submerged wood, which provides a stable substrate and often supports high

                 invertebrate productivity (Benke et al. 1984, Smock et al. 1985). In order to provide the most complete

                 biomonitoring data within the framework of the RBP protocol, we sampled both riffles-runs (hereafter referred to

                 as the sediment) and submerged wood and analyzed the data from each separately. We thus have two independent

                 estimates of water quality using benthic invertebrates.

                 SaWling Protocol

                          Sampling was conducted quarterly over the year, thereby providing a comprehensive seasonal baseline data

                 set. Sampling of the sediment was accomplished with a net (mesh size = 425 am) in both riffles, when present,

                 and in cobble and pebble runs. 'Me top layer of rocks was disturbed and large rocks were then rubbed by hand to

                 remove closely attached organisms. All samples from the sediment at a given station were composited into one

                 sample.

                          Wood samples consisted of invertebrates adhering to the surfaces of logs submerged in the stream. Logs

                 that clearly had been only recently submerged were avoided. The surfaces of the logs were washed into a bucket

                 and a visual examination for adhering organisms was made. All samples from individual logs at a given station

                 were composited into one sample.

                          Sampling of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) is required for one of the RBP metrics. We

                 sampled leaf packs in debris dams and on the sediment surface. Recently submerged leaves were avoided. During

                 the summer, when leaf packs were rare, we sampled whatever aggregations of processed leaf litter were present.










                           All samples (sediment, wood and CPOM) were preserved in the field with isopropyl alcohol. Invertebrates

                  were removed from the sample under a stereo-microscope after addition of Rose Bengal to facilitate the sorting

                  process. Ile first 200 organisms randomly picked from the samples were identified and thus constituted the data

                  base for calculating the metrics for a given station. Invertebrates in the CPOM samples were simply designated

                  as shredders or non-shredders. All functional feeding group designations were made according to information in

                  Merritt and Cummins (1984) and Pennak (1989).

                           There are no standard protocols for rapid bioassessment in wetlands using benthic invertebrates. Problems

                  encountered in the bioassessment of wetlands include the lack of any tested metrics using invertebrates and the

                  necessity for a standard habitat that is easily sampled but also is representative of substrates in the wetlands system.

                           We used an artificial substrate to provide a common substrate in both the reference and study wetlands.

                  Since macrophytes: are an important substrate for invertebrates in marsh wetlands, we used artificial macrophytes

                  based on the design of Gilinsky (1984). They were constructed of braided polypropylene rope (6 mm diameter)

                  that floats within the water column. Each substrate, consisting of 144 strands of 41 cm long rope attached to a base

                  of netting, was held in the water column on a metal frame driven into the sediment. Four substrates were placed

                  at each wetland site for several months prior to the initial sampling. The substrates were sampled by lifting them

                  out of the water column, washing the rope strands into a bucket, passing the material through a sieve and preserving

                  the sample. The substrate was then placed into the wetland for sampling the following quarter.

                  Data Analysis


                           The RBP III uses eight criteria for the analysis of stream condition at a site. All eight metrics were

                  calculated for the sediment samples. Metric #8, which used the data from the CPOM samples, was not included

                  in the analysis of the wood samples. Using those data for both the sediment and wood analyses would violate the

                  assumption of independence of the data for future statistical analyses comparing the sediment and wood samples.

                           1.       Taxa richness - the total number of taxa identified.


                           2.       Modified Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) - provides a quantitative assessment of the tolerance of

                                    each invertebrate taxon to general water quality degradation.

                                                       HBI = E (x, ti/n)

                                    where xi = number of individuals of taxon i in a sample;










                                           tj   tolerance value for taxon t

                                           n     total number of organisms in the sample.

                         The RBP document (Plafidn et al. 1989) provides tolerance values for some species, but they were derived

                for species in the western Great Lakes states and New York. To provide tolerance values that are regionally more

                accurate, we primarily used values developed and tested by the North Carolina Division of Environmental

                Management (Lenat 1993). Tolerance values for some taxa not listed by Lenat (1993) were taken form Platkin et

                al. (1989); values for a few rare taxa for which no values have been published were estimated based on the PI's

                experience in using invertebrates for water quality assessment.

                         3.       Ratio of scrapers to collector-filterers - the total number of individuals of taxa designated as

                                  scrapers divided by the total number of individuals of taxa designated as collector-filterers.

                         4.       Ratio of EPT's to chironomids - the total number of individuals of taxa of Ephemeroptera

                                  (mayflies, Plecoptera (stoneflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies) divided by the total number of

                                  Chironmidae.


                         S.       Percent contribution of the dominant taxon - the number of individuals of the most abundant taxon


                                  divided by the total number of individuals.

                         6.       EPT index - the total number of taxa of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Tichoptera.

                         7.       Community loss index - a measure of community similarity, measuring the difference in the

                                  taxonomic composition between the study station and the reference station:

                                           Community Loss Index = b - a


                                                                         c


                                  where a = number of taxa common to both stations;

                                           b = total number of taxa in the reference station sample;

                                           c = total number of taxa in the test station sample.

                         8.       Ration of shredders to total taxa - the number of shredders divided by the total number of

                                  individuals in the CPOM sample.

                         Following calculation of the eight metrics, a Biological Condition Score is assigned to each metric based

                on comparison of the metric score for the study station to that of the reference station (Table 3). Biological










                   Table 3. Biological condition scoring criteria for RBP III metrics (Plafldn et al. 1989).

                                                                         Biological Condition Scoring Criteria
                           Metric                               6                 4                 2                  0


                   1.      Taxa Richness*                       >80%              60-80%            40-60%             <40%


                   2.      Hilsenhoff Biotic Index              >85%              70-85%            50-70%             <50%
                                    (modifiedr

                   3.      Ration of Scrapers/Filterers         >50%              35-50%            20-35%             <20%
                                    Collectors-


                   4.      Ratio of EPT and Chironon-@d         >75%              50-75%            25-50%             <25%
                                    Abundancesw


                   S.      % Contribution of Dominant           <20%              20-30%            30-40%             >40%
                                    Taxonlo


                   6.      EPT Index"                           >90%              80-90%            70-80%             >70%


                   7.      Community Loss Index"                <0.5              0.5-1.5           1.5-4.0            > 4.0


                   8.      Ratio of Shredders/Total             >50%              35-50%            20-35%             <20%



                   N       Score is a ratio of study site to reference site X 100.

                   M       Score is a ratio of reference site to study site X 100.

                   0       Determination of Functional Feeding group is independent of taxonomic grouping.

                   M       Scoring criteria evaluate actual percent contribution, not percent comparability to the reference station.

                           Range of values obtained. A comparison to the reference station is incorporated in these indices.








            A



                 Condition Scores for each metric are then summed and a Biological Condition Category is assigned for the study

                 station based on the percent comparability with the reference station score (Table 4).

                          Only a subset of the eight metrics are appropriate for analysis of the data from the wetlands station: taxa

                 a richness, percent contribution of dominant taxon, community loss index and the BEL Those four metrics were

                 sued to compare the study station to the reference wetlands station.

                 Quality Assurance

                          Quality assurance protocols followed those detailed by Tingler (1993). Appropriate chain of custody

                 procedures were employed for the samples. All samples are permanently archived at the Aquatic Ecology

                 Laboratory at Virginia Commonwealth University. All data were checked for transcriptional errors following their

                 entry into the computer data base. Copies of the field and laboratory data sheets are archived in files at Virginia

                 Commonwealth University. Replicate sampling and sample processing were conducted to check the accuracy of

                 the field collection efforts. A 10% acceptance criteria was used for those samples. Data from the replicate

                 sampling were used solely to meet quality assurance objectives; they are included in the archived data base but were

                 not used as part of the metric assessment calculations. Additionally, a laboratory audit, with an acceptance criteria

                 of 10 %, was conducted on 5 % of the benthic samples, thereby validating taxonomic identification and numbers of

                 individuals in those samples.









                  Table 4. Bioassessment categories based on percent comparability of study stream to reference stream (Plafkin et
                  al. 1989).



                                                                  BIOASSESSMENT


                  % Comparability
                  to Reference
                  Score "     -                            Category                             Attributes

                  >83%                                Nonimpaired                        Comparable to the best situation to be
                                                                                         expected within an ecoregion. Balanced
                                                                                         trophic    structure     (composition      and
                                                                                         dominance) for stream size and habitat
                                                                                         quality.

                  54-79%                              Slightly impaired                  Community structure less than expected.
                                                                                         Composition (species richness) lower than
                                                                                         expected due to loss of some intolerant
                                                                                         forms.


                  21-50%                              Moderately impaired                Fewer species due to loss of most intolerant
                                                                                         forms. Reduction in EPT index.


                  < 17%                               Severely impaired                  Few species present. If high densities of
                                                                                         organisms, then dominated by one or two
                                                                                         taxa.






                           Percentage values obtained that are intermediate to the above ranges will require subjective judgement as
                           to the correct placement. Use of the habitat assessment and physicochemical data may be necessary to aid
                           in the decision process.










                                                         STREAM FISH ASSESSMENTS


                   METHODS


                            Methodology for the analysis of stream communities generally followed the procedures of the

                   Environmental Protection Agency's Rapid Bioassessment Protocol, and specifically the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI;

                   Karr 1981; Plaflcin et al. 1989). Because of regional differences in fish assemblage structure and zoogeography,

                   IBI metrics were modified to be most appropriate for the Polecat Creek watershed (York River drainage), but are

                   equivalent in approach and design to those originally proposed by Karr (1981) and Karr et al (1989). The following

                   fish community metrics and scoring criteria for the IBI were developed using a variety of sources, including

                   distributional references (e.g. Hocutt et al 1986; Garman and Nielsen 1992; Jenkins and Burkhead 1994; Weaver

                   and Garman 1994) and were reviewed by regional fishery biologists and ichthyologists:



                   Metric I Species richness Total number of native species in the sample, not including hybrids or introduced

                   species. A total of 49 nonmigratory species and 13 diadromous/estuarine species are possible within the drainage;

                   sampling by VCU has already collected 40 species from Polecat monitoring and reference sites. The number of

                   introduced (i.e., non-native) species will be considered in another metric.




                   Score                        1                 2                  5


                   lst/2nd order               --,:,4            5-7                   8


                   3rd/4th order               :98               9-11                  12




                   Metric 2 Total individuals Total number of individuals in sample, expressed as catch per unit effort (CPUE),

                   where effort is backpack electrofishing time (minutes).




                   Score                        1                 2                  5


                   all orders                   :!@r. 30         31-60              @t 61










                  Metric 3 Darter Mecies Total number of darter (Etheostoma & Percina spp. only for York drainage) species per

                  sample. Four species are possible.




                  Score                          1               2                 5


                  lst/2nd order                  0               1-2               @:3


                  3rd/4th order                  1               2-3               4




                  Metric 4 Sunfish ï¿½Recies Total number of centrarchid species, exclusive of.Micropterus spp.; 12 species (native

                  and introduced) possible from the York drainage.




                  Score                          1               2                 5


                  Ist/2nd order                  1               2-4                 5


                  3rd/4th order                  :5 2            3-7               ;2:8




                  Metric 5 Sucker gpecies        Total number of catastomid species in the sample; four species possible form the York

                  drainage.




                  Score                          1               2                 5


                  lst/2nd order                  0               1-2               @-3


                  3rd/4th order                  1               2-3               4




                  Metric 6 Intolerant species Total number of species, per sample classified as "intolerant" of degraded stream

                  conditions. Intolerant species will include: LaMpetra apRendix, L. goy              northern hogsucker (Hypenteliu

                  nijericans , tadpole madtom, shield darter, stripeback darter.

                  Score                          1               2                 5


                  I st/2nd order                 0               1-2               @:3


                  3rd/4th order                  1               2-3               > 4










                  Metric 7 Tolerant Mgcies Percentage of individuals classified as *tolerant" of degraded conditions. This metric

                  will use the relative abundance of a guild of species to replace "green sunfish" metric of Karr (1981), as suggested

                  by Karr et al. (1986). Tolerant species will include: golden shiner, pumpkinseed sunfish, bluegill, creek

                  chubsucker, brown bullhead, yellow bullhead, and tesselated darter.




                  Score                        1                2                 5


                  Ist/4th order                <10              10-2S             >25




                  Metric 8 Omnivorous Mecies Percentage of individuals per sample classified as omnivorous; species will include:

                  common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Nocomis spp., white sucker (Catastomous commersoni), channel catfish, and

                  bluntnose minnow.





                  Score                        1                2                 5


                  Ist/4th order                > 45             20-45             <20




                  Metric 9 Insectivorous cyprinids Percentage of cyprinid individuals per sample classified as insectivorous; species

                  will include: satinfin shiner, swallowtail shiner, common shiner, comely shiner, rosyface shiner, bridle shiner,

                  rosyside dace.




                  Score                        1                2                 5


                  1st/4th order                <20              20-45             >45




                  Metric 10 Piscivores Percentage of individuals per sample classified as facultative piscivores (apex predators);

                  species will include: redfin pickerel, chain pickerel, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, black crappie.




                  Score                        1                2                 5


                  Ist/4th order                < 1              1-5               >5








            Ok



                  Metric 11 Introduced species Percentage of individuals per sample classified as non-indigenous species. Hocutt

                  and Wiley (1986) report 12 introduced species form the York drainage. This metric replaces the "hybrid" metric

                  of Kaff (198 1) because hybrid identifications are often problematic, especially in the field. Moreover, the numerical

                  dominance of exotic taxa in disturbed ecosystems is well-documented in the literature. Both the new "introduced'

                  metric and the old "hybrid" metric influence the overall IBI score most significantly under "poor" and "fair" stream

                  conditions.





                  Score                       1                 2                 5


                  Ist/4th order               >5               1-5                < I




                  Metric 12 Anomalies Percentage of individuals per sample exhibiting external parasites, infections, or skeletal


                  abnormalities.





                  Score                       1                 2                 5


                  I st/4th order              >5               2-S                <2




                           Stream fish communities were sampled by backpack and modified boat electrofishing during Fall 1995,

                  following standard fisheries protocols. Fish were identified to species in the field by Mr. Mark King or Dr. Greg

                  Garman; small voucher collections for each species were placed into VCU's Fish Collection. Data were entered

                  into VCU's computer data base, which has been developed to calculate IRI metrics and scores for individual

                  collections. All activities followed the Quality Assurance Project Plan prepared by CELAD (Tingler 1994).












                                                               LITERATURE CITED


                 Benke, A.C., T.C. Van Arsdall, Jr., D.M. Gillespie and F.K. Parrish. 1984. Invertebrate productivity in a

                          subtropical blackwater river: the importance of habitat and life history. Ecological Monographs 54:25-63.

                 Gilinsky, E. 1984. The role of fish predation and spatial heterogeneity in determining benthic. community structure.

                          Ecology 65:455-468.

                 Garman, G. and L. Nielsen. 1992. Medium-sized rivers of the Atlantic coastal plain. Pages 315-349 in C.

                          Hackney, S. Adams, and W. Martin, editors. Biodiversity of the southeastern United States - Aquatic

                          Communities. Wiley, New York.

                 Karr, J. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6:21-27.

                 ,Karr, J., and four other authors. 1986. Assessing biological integrity in running waters, a methods and its

                          rationale. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 5.

                 Lenat, D.R. 1993. A biotic index for the southeastern United States: derivation and list of tolerance values, with

                          criteria for assigning water-quality ratings. Journal of the North American Benthological. Society 12:279-


                          290.


                 Merritt, R.W. and K.W. Cummins. 1984. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall/Hunt

                          Dubuque, IA.

                 Permak, R.W. 1989. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States. Protozoa to Molluska. John Wiley and Sons,

                          New York.


                 Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid bioassessment protocols

                          for use in streams and rivers: benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. U.S. Environmental Protection


                          Agency, EPA Document 440/4-89-001.

                 Smock, L.A., E. Gilinsky and D.L. Stonebumer. 1985. Macroinvertebrate production in a southeastern United

                          States blackwater stream. Ecology 66:1491-1503.

                 Tingler, J.N. 1993. Quality assurance project plan for Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department Polecat Creek

                          water quality monitoring project. Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department, Richmond, VA.

                 Weaver, A. and G. Garman. 1994. Urbanization of a watershed and historical changes in a stream fish

                          assemblage. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123:162-172.








           V













                                                          APPENDIX A







                                               Numbers of macroinvertebrates collected










                                                                  I









        Table 1. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter
                SP= spring; SU= summer.


                                                       STATION A


                                       SEDIMENT                       WOOD
        TAXON
                                 FA W1 SP SU                    FA WI SP SU


        Ephemeroptera
          Baetidae
           Baetis spp.
          Leptophlebiidae
           Paraleptophlebia sp.
        Plecoptera
          Nemouridae
           Amphinemura wui
           Prostoia'sp.
          Perlodidae (immature)
        Trichoptera
          Limnephilidae
           Pycnopsyche spp.
          Phryganeidae
           Ptilostomis SP.
          Polycentropodidae
           Polycentropus sp.
          Psychomylidae
           Lype diversa
          Rhyacophilidae
           Rhyacophila sp.
        Lepidoptera
        Coleoptera
          Elmidae
           Dubiraphia sp.
        Megaloptera
          Sialidae
           Sialis sp.











                                          SEDIMENT                           WOOD
       TAXON
                                    FA WI SP SU                       FA WI SP SU


       Diptera
         Chaoboridae
           Chaoborus sp.
         Chironomidae                143    36                        123
         Ceratopogonidae               2
           Pa/pomyia spp.                                               3
         Culicidae
           Cuiex sp.
         Empididae                     1
           Hemerodromia sp.
         Ephydridae
         Simuliidae                        207
         Tabanidae
           Tabanus sp.                 1
         Tipulidae
           Antocha sp.                        2
           Limonia sp.                 3
           Pilaria sp.
       Isopoda
         Asellidae
           Caecidotea sp.              2      5
       Amphipoda
         Gammaridae
           Gammarus sp.                4     10                         3
       Decapoda
         Cambaridae                    I
       Hydracarina                     1
       Gastropoda
         Planorbidae
           Gyraulus sp.
       Bivalvia
         Sphaeriidae
           Pisidium sp.
       Annelida
         Oligochaetae                  2      2
         Hirudinea









       Table 2. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
             SP= spring-, SU= summer.


                                                  STATION B


                                       SEDIMENT                       WOOD


       TAXON                      FA WI SP SU                     FA WI SP SU


       Ephemeroptera
         Baetidae
          Baetis spp.               1
         Ephemerelfidae
          Eurylophella temporalis          1
         Heptageniidae
          Stenonema sp.             91   66                         30   1
       Odonata
         Corduliidae
          Helocordula sp.
       Plecoptera
         Nemouridae
          Prostoia sp.              1
         Perlidae
          Perlesta sp.
         Perlodidae
          Isoperfa spp.
         Taeniopterygidae
          Taeniopteryx spp-         4      1
       Trichoptera
         Hydropsychidae
          Chematopsyche sp.         12    13                        40   1
          Hydropsyche sp.           8                                6
         Hydroptilidae -
          Hydroptila sp.
          Oxythira sp.                                                  11
         Lepidostomatidae
          Lepidostoma sp.
         Philopotamidae
          Chimarra sp.              35     5                        57













                                          SEDIMENT                          WOOD


       TAXON                         FA WI SP          SU              FA WI SP SU


       Tricoptera
         Polycentropodidae
           Polycentropus sp.
       Coleoptera
         Elmidae
           Ancyronyx sp.
           Dubiraphia sp.
           Macronychus glabratus
       Diptera
         Ceratopogonidae
           Culicoides sp-
         Chaoboridae                          2
           Chaoborus punctapenni       2
         Chironomidae                 46    35                           27  89
         Empididae
           Hemerodromia sp.                                              2
         Simuliidae                    10   55                           4     4
         Tipulidae
           Tipula abdominalis          3      2                          3
       Isopoda
         Asselidae
           Caecidotea sp.                                                1
       Amphipoda
         Gammarldae
           Gammarus sp.                2
       Decapoda
         Cambaridae                    1
       Ostracoda
       Hydracarina                     2
       Gastropoda
         Physidae
           Physa sp.
         Planordidae
           Gyraulus sp.








   I(    i,








                                 SEDIMENT                   WOOD


      TAXON                  FA WI SP      SU           FA WI SP SU


      Bivalvia
       Sphaeriidae
         Pisidium sp.
         Sphaerium sp.             1
      Annelida                                            1
       Oligochaetae                                           4









      Table 3. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
              SP= spring; SU= summer.


                                                     STATION C


                                         SEDIMENT                           WOOD


      TAXON                         FA WI SP           SU              FA WI SP SU


      Ephemeroptera
        Caenidae
         Caenis sp.
      Odonata
        Coenagrionidae
      Plecoptera
        Capniidae
         Allocapnia sp.               1
        Chloroperlidae
         Suwallia sp.
        Leuctridae
         Leuctra sp.
        Nemouridae
         Amphinemura wui
         Prostoia sp.                 7
        Perlidae
         Eccoptura Xarithenes         1
        Perlodidae                    1
         Isoperta spp.
        Taeniopterygidae
         Taeniopteryx sp.             2
      Trichoptera
        Hydropsychidae
         Chematopsyche sp.            11
        Hydroptilidae
         Hydroptila sp.
        Leptoceridae
         Ceraclea
         Nectopsyche sp.              1
        Polycentropodidae
         Polycentropus sp.










                                        SEDIMENT                           WOOD


      TAXON                         FA WI SP         SU               FA WI SID SU


      Tricoptera
        Psychomyiidae
         Lype diversa                                                         20
      Coleoptera
        Elmidae
         Ancyronyx sp.                                                   2
         Macronychus glabratus                                           2     1
         Stenelmis sp.
      Megaloptera
        Sialidae
         sialis sp.                                                      1
      Diptera
        Ceratopogonidae
         Palpomyia spp.
        Chironomidae                119                               146 167
        Empididae
        Simuliidae                                                             7
        Tipulidae
         Hexatoma sp.
         Tipula abdominalis           2                                  4
      Amphipoda
        Gammaridae
         Gammarus sp.                 3                                  1     7
      Ostracoda
      Hydracarina                     4
      Gastropoda
        Physidae
         Physa sp.                                                             3
      Bivalvia
        Sphaeriidae
         Pisidium sp.                 4                                        8
         Sphaerium sp.                1
        Unionidae
         Elliptio complanata
      Annelida
        Oligochaetae                                                           1
      Nematoda










       Table 4. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
               SP= spring; SU= summer.


                                                      STATION D


                                          SEDIMENT                          WOOD


       TAXON                         FA WI SP          SU               FA WI SP SU


       Ephemeroptera
         Baetidae
           Baeffs spp.                 5     10                                2
           Pseudoctoeon sp.
         Caenidae
           Caenis sp.                  3
         ,Ephemerellidae
           Ephemerelia sp.             22                                 9
           Eurylophella temporalis     11                                12
           Seratella sp.
         Heptageniidae
           Stenonema modestum          1                                  1
         Leptophlebiidae
           Paraleptophlebia sp.
         Oligoneuridae
           Isonychia sp.                      1
       Odonata
         Calopterygidae
           Calopteryx sp.                     1
       Plecoptera
         Capniidae
           Allocapnia sp.                                                 2
         Chloroperlidae
           Haploperla sp.              3
         Leuctridae
           Leuctra sp.
         Nemouridae
           Amphinemura wui
           Prostoia SP.
         Perlidae
           Eccoptura xanthenes         2      6
           Perlesta sp.
           Perlinella sp.              1












                                             SEDIMENT                           WOOD


         TAXON                          FA WI SP          SU               FA Wl SP SU


         Plecoptera
            Perlodidae                                                              2
             Clioperla clio                      1
             Isoperla spp.                       3                                  2
            Taeniopterygidae
             Taeniopteryx spp.            7      1                                  3
         Trichoptera
            Hydropsychidae
             Chematopsyche sp.            10    12
             Hydropsyche sp.              2      2
            Hydroptilidae
             Hydroptila sp.
            Lepidostomatidae
             Lepidostoma sp.
            Leptoceridae
             Ceraclea sp-                 1                                    2
             Nectopsyche sp.                                                   1
             Oecetis sp.                         1
            Odontoceridae
             Psilotreta sp.               1
            Philopotamidae
             Chimarra sp.                 1
            Polycentropodidae
             Nyctiophylax sp.                                                  1    1
             Polycentropus sp.
            Psychomyiidae
             Lype diversa                 1                                  21    10
            Rhyacophilidae
             Rhyacophila sp.                     1
          Coleoptera
            Elmidae
             Ancyronyx variegatus                                              2
             Dubiraphia sp.               4
             Macronychus glabratus                                             5
             Stenelmis sp.
             Culimnius sp.                                                     1













                                         SEDIMENT                           WOOD


       TAXON                         FA WI SP          SU              FA WI SP SU


       Megaloptera
         Corydalidae
           Nigronia serricornis
         Sialidae
           sialis sp.                  1
       Diptera
         Ceratopogonidae
           Culicoides sp.              3
           Palpomyia spp.              7                                 1
         Chironomidae                 81   16                           195    62
         Empididae
         Simuliidae                       226                                 126
         Tipulidae
           Antocha sp.
           Hexatoma sp.                1
           Tipula abdominalis                                                   1
       Amphipoda
         Gammaridae
           Gammarus sp.                2     1                           1      2
       Decapoda
       Ostracoda
       Hydracarina                     3
       Gastropoda
         Planorbidae
           Gyraulus sp.                                                  1
         Physidae
           Physa sp.                                                     4      1
       Bivalvia
         Sphaeriidae
           Pisidium sp.
           Sphaerium sp.                                                 1









        Table 5. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
                SP= spring; SU= summer.


                                                        STATION E


                                           SEDIMENT                           WOOD


        TAXON                          FA WI SP          SU               FA WI SP SU


        Ephemeroptera
          Baetidae
           Baetis spp.                  1
          Ephemerellidae
           Ephemerella sp.              1
           Eurylophella temporalis      1     2                                   1
          Heptageniidae
           Stenonema modestum
          Leptophlebiidae*
           Leptophlebia sp.                   5
           Paraleptophlebia sp.         7
        Odonata
          Co6nwionidae (immature)
        Plecoptera
          Nemouridae
           Nemoura sp.
           Prostoia sp.
          Perlidae
           Clioperla clio
          Taeniopterygidae
           Taeniopteryx spp.
        Trichoptera
          Hydropsychidae
           Chematopsyche sp.
           Hydropsyche sp.
          Hydroptilidae
           Hydroptila sp.
          Lepidostomatidae
           Lepidostoma sp.
          Leptoceridae
           Oecetis sp.










                                          SEDIMENT                          WOOD


        TAXON                        FA Wl SP          SU              FA WI SP SU


        Tricoptera
          Limnephilidae
           Pycnopsyche spp.
          Philopotamidae
           Chimarra sp.
          Polycentropodidae
           Neureclipsis sp.
           Nyctiophylax sp.
           Polycentropus sp.           5      3                            1
          Psychomyiidae
           Lype diversa                                                    5
        Coleoptera
          Dytiscidae
           Hydroporous sp.             10     7
          Elmidae
           Ancyronyx variegatus                                            4
           Duberaphia sp.              1
           Macronychus glabratus
           Stenelmis sp.               1                                   1
          Gyrinidae
           Dineutus sp.
           Gyrinis sp.
        Megaloptera
          Sialidae
           sialis sp.                         1
        Diptera
          Ceratopogonidae
           Culicoides,sp.                                                  2
           Palpomyia spp.              4                                   1    1
          Chironomidae                 83   112                          86  169
          Empididae
          Simuliidae                          1                            1   4
          Tabanidae
           Chrysops sp.                                                    1
           Tabanus sp.                        1
          Tipulidae
           Tipula abdominalis











                                   SEDIMENT                    WOOD


      TAXON                    FA WI SP       SU           FA WI SP SU


      Isopoda
        AWlidae
         Caecidotea sp.
      Amphipoda
        Gammaridae
         Gammarus sp.
      Decapoda
        Cambaridae
      Hydracarina
      Gastropoda
        Physidae
         Physa sp.
      Bivalvia
        Sphaeriidae
         Sphaerium sp.          3
         Pisidium sp.                5
      Annelida                  9
        Oligochaetae                 2                            7








         Table 6. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
                SP= spring; SU= summer.


                                              SITE F


                                         ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE


         TAXON                          FA       W1   SP      SU


         Ephemeroptera
           Baetidae
            Baetis spp.                            1
           Heptageniidae
            Stenonemo modestum                   12
         Odonata
           Coenagrionidae
            Enallagma                              1
         Plectoptera
           Nemouridae
            Prostoia sp.                           1
           Perlodidae
            Clioperla c1lo                         I
           Taeniopterygidae
            Taeniopteryx SPP-                      1
           Dytiscidae
            Laccornis sp
         Trichoptera
           Hydropsychidae
            Chematopsyche sp.                      2
           Leptoceridae
            Ceraclea                               1
           Phryganeidae
            Ptilostomis SP.                        3
           Polycentropodidae
            Phylocentropus sp.              2
            Polycentropus,sp.                      1
         Megaloptera
           Sialidae
            sialis SP.                      3











                                    ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE


       TAXON                       FA     wl    SID    SU


       Diptera
         Chironomidae               124 282
         Ceratopogonidae
          Culicoides sp.
          Palpomyia spp.              9
         Simuliidae                       50
         Tipulidae
          Ormosia sp.
          Tipula sp.                       1
       lsopoda@
         Asellidae
          Caecidotea sp.
       Amphipoda
         Gammaridae
          Gammarus sp.                2    4
       Bivalvia
         Sphaeriidae
          Pisidium sp.
       Annelida                      14
         Oligochaetae









        Table 7. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
               SP= spring; SU= summer.


                                                       SOUTH RIVER


                                           SEDIMENT                           WOOD


        TAXON                         FA WI SP SU                        FA WI SP SU


        Ephemeroptera
          Baetidae
           Baetis spp.                29                                   6
          Caenidae
           Caenis sp.                                                      1
          Ephemerellidae
           Ephemerella sp-               1
           Eurylophella temporalis                                         2
          Heptageniidae
           Stenacron interpunctatum                                       35
           Stenonema modestum         41                                   7     2
          Oligoneuridae
           Isonychia sp.
        Odonata
          Calopterygidae
           Calopteryx sp.                                                  I
          Coenagrionidae
           Enallagma sp.                 1                                 2
          Gomphidae
           Progomphus obscurus
        Plecoptera
          Capniidae
           Allocapnia sp.             26                                         1
          Chloroperlidae
          Leuctridae
           Leuctra sp.
          Nemouridae
           Amphinemura wui
           Prostoia sp.                  1











                                            SEDIMENT                            WOOD


         TAXON                          FA Wl SP          SU                FA WI SP SU


         Plecoptera
           Perlidae
            Beloneuria sp-
            Diploperia sp.                3
            Eccoptura xanthenes           2
           Taeniopterygidae
            Taeniopteryx spp.              1
         Hemiptera
           Corixidae
            Tricorixa sp.
         Trichoptera
           Hydropsychidae
            Chematopsyche sp.            21                                          1
           Leptocheridae
            Ocetis sp.                                                         1
           Philopotamidae
            Chimarra sp-                 25                                    1
           Polycentropodidae
            Nyctiophylax sp.                                                   1
           Psychomyiidae
            Lype diversa                                                     15      2
         Coleoptera
           Dryopidae
            Helichus sp.                                                             1
           Dytiscidae
            Hydroporous sp.                                                    2
           Elmidae
            Ancyronyx variegatus                                               4     1
            Dubiraphia sp.
            Macronychus glabratus                                              1     4
           Gyrinidae
            Gyrinus sp.                                                        1
         Megaloptera
           Sialidae
            Sialis sp.











                                         SEDIMENT                           WOOD


       TAXON                         FA WI SP          SU              FA WI SP SU


       Diptera
         Ceratopogonidae
           Cuucoides sp.               2
           Palpomyia spp.              2                                  1
         Chironomidae                 71                               102 114
         Psychodidae
           Pericoma sp.
         Simuliidae                    2
         Tipulidae
           Antocha sp.                                                         3
           Dicranota sp.
           Hexatoma sp.                2
           Ormosia sp.
       Amphipoda
         Gammaridae
           Gammarus sp.                                                   5
       Decapoda
         Cambaridae
       Hydracarina
       Gastropoda
         Planorbidae
           Gyraulus sp.                                                   1
       Bivalvia
         Sphaeriidae
           Pisidium sp.                                                   1    2
           Sphaerium sp.                                                  1
       Anneiida
         Oligochaetae









        Table 8. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
                SP= spring; SU= summer.


                                                         MATTA RIVER


                                            SEDIMENT                            WOOD


        TAXON                           FA WI SP          SU               FA WI SP SU


         Ephemeroptera
           Baetidae
            Baetis spp.                    1
           Baetiscidae
            Baetisca sp.                   2
           Caeni8ae
            Caenis sp-                     3                                   1
           Ephemerellidae
            Ephemerella sp.              31                                  48
            Eurylophella Temporalis                                            1
            Seratella sp.
           Heptageniidae
            Stenonema modestum           19                                  19
           Oligoneuridae
            Isonychia sp-                  1
        Odonata
           Coenagrionidae
           Gomphidae
            Progomphus obscurus            1
        Plecoptera
           Leuctridae
            Leuctra sp.
           Nemouridae
            Amphinemura wui
            Prostoia sp.
           Perlidae
            Beloneuria sp.
            Clioperla Clio                                                     1
            lsoperla spp.                  2
           Taeniopterygidae
            Taeniopteryx spp.              5                                  13










                                           SEDIMENT                           WOOD


         TAXON                         FA Wl SP          SU              FA WI SP SU


         Trichoptera
           Brachycentridae
            Brachycentrus sp.           1                                  38
           Hydrop sychidae
            Chematopsyche sp.           2                                  11
            Hydropsyche sp.                                                 1
            Macrostemum sp.             1
           Hydroptilidae
            Hydroptila sp-
           Leptoceridae
            Ceraclea sp.                2                                   1
            Ocetis sp.                  1
           Lepidostomatidae
            Lepidostoma sp.
           Limnephilidae
            Pychnopsyche spp.           2
           Philopotamidae
            Chimarra sp.                                                    1
           Polycentropodidae
            Nyctiophylax sp-
            Polycentropus sp.
           Psychomyiidae
            Lype diversa                                                    6
         Coleoptera
           Dryopidae
            Helichus sp.                1
           Elmidae
            Ancyronyx variegatus                                            1
            Macronychus glabratus
         Megaloptera
           Corydalidae
            Corydalus sp.                                                   1
           Sialidae
            sialis sp.














                                          SEDIMENT                           WOOD


        TAXON                         FA WI SP          SU              FA WI SP SU


        Diptera
          Ceratopogonidae
            Palpomyia spp.              1
          Chironomidae                  16                                57
          Empididae
            Hemerodromia sp.
          Simuliidae                    2                                  1
          Tipulidae
            Tipula abdominalis
        Amphipoda
          Gammaridae
            Gammarus sp.
        Hydracarina                     3                                  6
        Gastropoda
          Physidae
            Physa sp.
        Bivalvia
          Corbiculidae
            Corbicula fluminia        110                                  4
          Sphaeriidae
            Pisidium sp.                2
            Sphaerium sp.
        Annelida











        Table 9. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
              SP=spring; SU= summer.


                                                        MATTAPONI RIVER


                                           SEDIMENT                            WOOD


        TAXON                          FA Wl SP SU                         FA Wl SP SU


        Ephemeroptera
          Baetidae
           Baetis spp.                   2     6                             3      1
          Baetiscidae
           Baetisca sp.                  7
          Ephemereilidae
           Ephemerella sp.               1     4
           Eurylophella temporalis             6                             1      7
          Heptageniidae                                                      3
           Stenonema modestum            6     2                                    5
          Leptophlebiidae
           Leptophlebia sp.                    2
          Oligoneuridae
           Isonychia sp.
        Odonata
          Libellulidae
           Somatochlora sp.                                                         1
        Plecoptera
          Capniidae
           Allocapnia sp.                      3                                    1
          Nemouridae
           Prostoia sp.                        7                                   12
          Perlidae                                                           2
           Periesta sp.
          Perlodidae
           Isoperla spp.                       3                                    2
          Taeniopterygidae
           Taeniopteryx spp.            57     4                             6      2

















                                         SEDIMENT                          WOOD


       TAXON                         FA WI SP         SU              FA WI SP SU


       Trichoptera
         Brachycentridae
          Brachycentrus sp-
         Hydropsychidae
          Chematopsyche sp.           1                                 7
          Hydropsyche sp.                                               7
          Macrostemum sp.                                               1
         Hydroptilidae
          Hydroptila sp.
         Lepidostomatidae
          Lepidostoma sp.
         Leptoceridae
          Ceraclea sp.
          Nectopsyche sp.
          Oecetis sp.
         Limnephilidae
          Pycnopsyche spp.
         Philopotamidae
          Chimarra sp. @              2                                 5
         Polycentropodidae
          Nyctiophylax sp.            1                                 1
          Polycentropus sp.
       Coleoptera
         Elmidae
          Macronychus glabratus       3                                 5     3
          Stenelmis sp.                                                 5
         Gyrinidae
          Dineutus sp.

















                                             SEDIMENT                            WOOD


         TAXON                          FA WI SP           SU               FA WI SP SU


         Diptera
           Ceratopogonidae
            Palpomyia spp.
           Chironomidae                   14    48                          113 160
           Simuliidae                      1 110
           Tipulidae
            Tipula abdominalis                                                        1
         Isopoda
           Asellidae
            Caecidotea sp.                                                            1
         Amphipoda
           Gammaridae
            Gammarus sp.
         Hydracarina                       4     2                           12       2
         Gastropoda
           Ancylidae
            Ferrissia sp.
           Lymnaeidae
            Lymnaea sp.                    3
           Physidae
            Physa sp.
         Bivalvia
           Corbiculidae
            Corbicula sp.                 76
           Sphaeriidae
            Pisidium sp-                   1     9                                    2
            Sphaerium sp.                  2
         Annelida                          1
           Oligochaetae                          5                                    5
           Hirudinea








   0  . #









                                SEDIMENT                  WOOD


      TAXON                  FA WI SP     SU           FA WI SP SU


      Turbellaria
       Planariidae
        Dugesia tigrina









       Table 10. Numbers of individuals collected by substrate and season. FA= fall; WI= winter;
             SP= spring; SU= summer.


                               WETLANDS REFERENCE SITE


                                   ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE


       TAXON                     FA     WI     SID    SU


       Ephemeroptera
        Baetidae
         Baetis spp-                       4
         Centroptilum sp.
       Odonata
        Aeschnidae
         Epiaeschna sp.                    I
        Corduliidae
         Epitheca sp.                      3
        Coenagrionidae
         Enallagma sp.                     1
       Herniptera
        Beiostomatidae
         Beiostoma sp.                     1
       Tricoptera
        Psychomyiidae
         Lype diversa                      2
       Coleoptera
        Dytiscidae
         Hydroporous sp.                   2
        Hydrophilidae
         Berosus sp.
       Diptera
        Chaoboridae
         Chaoborus punctapennis            2
        Chironomidae                      260
        Ceratopogonidae
         Palpomyia SPP.                    5
        Tipulidae
         Antocha sp.                       3
         Ormosia sp.











                                       ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE


       TAXON                         FA      wl      SID     su


       Isopoda
         Asellidae
          Caecidotea sp-                        14
       Amphipoda
         Gammaridae
          Gammarus sp.                          26
       Decapoda                                 1
       Gastropoda
         Lymnaeidae
          Lymnaea sp-                           2
         Planorbidae
          Gyraulus sp.                          1
       Bivalvia
         Sphaeriidae
          Pisidium sp.                          3
       Annelida
         Oligochaetae                          236








    i      A













                                                      APPENDIX B






                                                  Fish Community Metrics










  PAGE NO.    1
  PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                      HETRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOP0101794



                                   METRIC NUMBERS
            1  2    3    4   5     6  7     8    9    10    11   12  TOTAL

           -- ---- --- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
  VALUE:   12 6.96  3    3   0     1 0.09 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.06 0.22
  SCORE:    5   5   3    3   1     1   1    5     5    1     1    1    32










  PAGE NO.    I
  PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                      METRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOP3MI01794



                                  METRIC NUMBERS
          1    2    3    4   5     6  7    8     9    10   11    12  TOTAL

         --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
  VALUE:  11 6.53   3    2   1     1 0.07 0.01 0.48 0.00 0.01 0.03
  SCORE:  3     5   3    1   1     1   1    5     5    1    5     3    34










  PAGE NO.      I
  PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                          METRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR IDCATION CODE: YOP3EI11494



                                         METRIC NUMBERS
            1    2      3    4    5      6   7     8      9     10    11     12   TOTAL

           --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
  VALUE:    9   1.06    2    0    0      0  0.29 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.00 0.12
  SCORE:    3     1     3    1    1      1    5     5      1     5     5      1     32










  PAGE NO.    I
  PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                      METRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOP3D101994



                                   METRIC NUMBERS
          1    2    3    4   5     6  7     8    9    10    11   12  TOTAL

          --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
  VALUE:  11 2.99   2    3   1     0 0.39 0.12 0.05 0.02 0.24 0.10
  SCORE:   3    1   3    3   1     1   5    5     1    3     1    1    28










  PAGE NO.      I
  PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                         METRICS, 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOP2W110494



                                        METRIC NUMBERS
           1     2     3    4    5      6   7     8     9      10    11    12    TOTAL

          --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
  VALUE:    4   5.01   1    1    0      0  0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01
  SCORE:   1      3    3    1    1      1    5     5      1     1     5     5      32










  PAGE NO.    I
  PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                      METRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOP2S101794



                                  METRIC NUMBERS
          1    2    3    4   5     6  7    8     9    10    11   12  TOTAL

         --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
  VALUE:  13 14.4   2    3   2     0 0.55 0.06 0.25 0.01 0.05 0.10
  SCORE:  5     5   3    3   3     1   5    5     3    1    1     1    36








     (  1, , i


   PAGE NO.      1
   PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                          METRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOP2Flll494



                                         METRIC NUMBERS
             1    2     3     4    5     6   7      8     9     10     11    12   TOTAL

           --- ---- --- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
   VALUE:    6   1.32   1     3    1     0  0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44
   SCORE:    3     1    3     3    3     1     5     5     1     1      5     1      32










  PAGE NO.    I
  PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                      METRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOP2ClOl994



                                  METRIC NUMBERS
          1    2    3   4    5    6   7    8    9     10   11   12   TOTAL

         --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
  VALUE:  11 4.07   2   1    0    0  0.09 0.42 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.11
  SCORE:  5    3    3   1    1    1    1    3    1     3    5    1    28










  PAGE NO.    I
  PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                     METRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOP2B100694



                                  METRIC NUMBERS
          1    2    3   4    5    6  7     8     9   10    11   12  TOTAL

         --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---     ---- -7 -- ---- ---- ---- -----
  VALUE:  14 9.46   2   6    1    0  0.34 0.14 0.30 0.00 0.22 0.02
  SCORE:  5    5    3   5    3    1   5     5    3    1     1    5    42










   PAGE NO.     I
   PRODUCED ON: 04/27/95



                          METRICS 1-12 REPORT FOR LOCATION CODE: YOPIA101994



                                         METRIC NUMBERS
            1     2     3    4     5     6   7      8     9      10    11    12    TOTAL

           --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----

   VALUE:   7   2.18    1    2     1     0  0.21 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00
   SCORE:   3      1    3    3     3     1    3      5     1      5     5     5      38








           4 @   j,













                                                                                     APPENDIX C






                                                                                Physico-chemical Data









     PAGE NO.     I
     DATE: 04/27/95




                                                                                   COLLECTION LOCATION REPORT



     LOCATION                                        SITE                                                                 HAB     INVERT
       CODE         DRAINAGE      STREAM     ORDER CODE      -DATE      TIME EFFORT TEMP         CORD    pH       DO      ASMT    SAMPLE   NOTES
     ----------     --------    ----------    -----  ---- -------- ---- ------ ---- ------ ------ ------ ---- -------- -----


     CHHIA032594      CHOWAN      HIGGINS         I     A   03/25/94    1200  1522     12.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    X X X    VERY HIGH FLOW AND UMIDITY AFTER A
                                                                                                                                           STORM EVENT.


     CHHIA042994      CHOWAN      HIGGINS         1     A   04/29/94    1200    785    17.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    X X X

     CHHIA053094      CHOWAN      HIGGINS         1     A   05/30/94    1200  1057     15.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    X X X

     CHHIA061494      CHOWAN      HIGGINS         1     A   06/14/94    1200    782    19.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    X X X    Saipling done upstrean of bridge.

     CHHlAlOl593      CHOWAN      HIGGINS         1     A   IC/15/93    1200  1499     12.66     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    X X X

     YOPlAC12694      YORK        POLECAT         1     A   01/26/94    1200       0    2.00     22.00   4.30     15.00     T.

     YOPlAO40594      YORK        POLECAT         1     A   04/05/94    1200    886    13.00     22.00   5.80     10.30     T.    C K X    Site length = 124 paces.

     YOPlAC71493      YORK        POLECAT         I     A   07/14/93    1200    265    28.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    X X X    FLOW VERY LOW, ALMOST NONE. SHALLOW
                                                                                                                                           POOLS AND SLOW RIFFLES. OXIDE FLOC OVER
                                                                                                                                           MOST OF BOTTOM, SUGGESTING HYPOXIC
                                                                                                                                           CONDITIONS. ALL FISH OK- FEW
                                                                                                                                           JUVENILES-LGI,UPY. MOST BULLHEADS OF
                                                                                                                                           UNIFORM SIZE OF 6-8". VERY POOR
                                                                                                                                           PHYSIOCHEM. CONDITIONS.


     YOPIA071594      YORK        POLECAT         1     A   07/15/94 1200          0   22.00     39.00   6.00     5.20      T.

     YOPlA101994      YORK        POLECAT         1     A   10/19/94    1200    524    11.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    X X X

     YOPIA111093      YORK        POLECAT         1     A   11/10/93    1200    532     7.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    C K X

     YOPIA111893      YORK        POLECAT         1     A   11/18/93    1200       0   10.00     5.80    6.10     8.40      T.    X X X

     YOP2BO12694      YORK        POLECAT         2     B   01/26/94    1200       0    4.00     35.00   5.70     15.00     T.

     YOP2BO40594      YORK        POLECAT         2     B   04/05/94    1200  1136     16-00     37.00   7.10     10.60     T.    X X X    69 PACES IN LENGHT

     YOP2BO71493      YORK        POLECAT         2     B   07/14/93    1200    442     0.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    X X X

     YOP2BO71594      YORK        POLECAT         2     B   07/1V94     1200       0   25-00     80.00   6.40     6.80      T.

     YOF2BlOO694      YORK        POLECAT         2     B   10/06/94    1200    780    18.00     4.00    6.85     0.00      T.    X X X

     YOP2B111893      YORK        POLECAT         2     B   11/10/93    1200    592     0.00     0.00    0.00     0.00      F.    C K X

     YOP2Blll893      YORK        POLECAT         2     B   11/18/93    1200       0   12.00     61.00   6.10     9.10      T.    X









     PAGE NO.     2
     DATE: 04/27/95




                                                                                COLLECTION LOCATION REPORT



     LOCATION                                      SITE                                                               HAB    INVERT
       CODE       DRAINAGE       STREAM    ORDER CODE       -DATE    TIME EFFORT TEMP       CORD      pH       DQ     ASMT   SAMPLE    NOTES
     ----------   --------     ----------   -----  ---- -------- ---- ------ ---- ------ ------ ------ ---- -------- -----
     YOP2CO20294     YORK        POLECAT        2     C   02/02/94   1200       0    2.00   80.00    6.40    16.40       T.

     YOP2CO40894     YORK        POLECAT        2     C   04/08/94   1200    935    11.00   40.00    5.70     9.90       T.  X X X    95 PACES IN LENGTH


     YOP2CO71493     YORK        POLECAT        2     C   07/14/93   1200    461     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  X X X

     YOP2CO72194     YORK        POLECAT        2     C   07/21/94   1200       0   26-00   81.00    6.40     7.50       T.

     YOP2C101994     YORK        POLECAT        2     C   10/19/94   1200    810    12.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  X X X

     YOP2C111793     YORK        POLECAT        2     C   11/17/93   1200    626    14.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  C K X

     YOP2C111893     YORK        POLECAT        2     C   11/18/93   1200       0   11-00   89.00    6.10     8.40       T.

     YOP2F020294     YORK        POLECAT        2     F   02/02/94   1200       0    0.00   22.00    5.30    15.50       F.

     YOP2F050994     YORK        POLECAT        2     F   05/09/94   1200    787     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  X X X    11 SPACES SITE LENGTH, ARTIFICAL
                                                                                                                                      SUBSTRATE NOT REMOVED FOR SPRING
                                                                                                                                      SAMPLING


     YOP2PO71493     YORK        POLECAT        2     P   07/14/93   1200    155     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  X X X    TYPICAL WETLANDS W. ARUN sp. SOME FL04
                                                                                                                                      THRU CHANNEL. LOW EF
                                                                                                                                      EFFICIENCY-LOTS-0-FISH. MANY YOY UPY &
                                                                                                                                      ASY. RECENTLY NUKED BEAVERS?


     YOP2FO72194     YORK        POLECAT        2     F   07/21/94   1200    673    25.00   35.00    5.80     1.20       F.  X X X

     YGP2P111093     YORK        POLECAT        2     F   11/10/93   1200    369    10.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       P.  X X X

     YOP2F111494     YORK        POLECAT        2     F   11/14/94   1200    819     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  X X X

     YOP2SO20294     YORK        POLECAT        2     S   02/02/94   1200       0    1.00   28.00    6.80    16.20       T.

     YOP2SO40594     YORK        POLECAT        2     S   04/05/94   1200    1321   11.00   30.00    6.50    10.60       T.  X X X    105 PACES

     YOP2SO72194     YORK        POLECAT        2     S   07/21/94   1200       0   24.00   81.00    6.40     7.40       T.

     YOP2SC72793     YORK        POLECAT        2     S   07/27/93   1200    608    21.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  X X X

     YOP2SIO1794     YORK        POLECAT        2     S   10/17/94   1200    479    10.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  X X X

     YOP2S111793     YORK        POLECAT        2     S   11/17/93   1200    510    14.00    0.00    0.00     0.00       F.  C K X

     YOP2SI20893     YORK        POLECAT        2     S   12/08/93   1200       0    7.00   38.00    7.80    13.40       T.










    PAGE NO,
    DATE: 04/27/95




                                                                              COLLECTION LOCATION REPORT



    LOCATION                                     SITE                                                              HAB    INVERT
       CODE      DRAINAGE       STREAM    ORDER CODE     -DATE     TIME EFFORT TEMP        CORD    pH      DO      ASMT   SAMPLE   NOTES
    ----------   --------     ----------   ----- ---- -------- ---- ------ ---- ------ ------ ------ ---- -------- -----
    YOP2WO51394     YORK        POLECAT        2    W    05/13/94  1200    539    18.00    0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   X X X    ARTIFICAL SUBSTRATE NOT REMOVED FOR
                                                                                                                                   SPRING SAMPLING


    YOP2WO72194     Y03K        POLECAT        2    W    07/21/94  1200       0   27.00    71.00   6.30    5.20      F.

    YOP2WO80994     YORK        POLECAT        2    W    08/09/94  1200    414    0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   X X X

    YOP2W110494     YORK        POLECAT        2    W    11/04/94  1200    802    10.00    0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   X X X

    YOP3DO12694     YORK        POLECAT        3    D    01/26/94  1200       0   4.00     40.00   4.70    15.00     T.   X X X

    YOP3DO40894     YORK        POLECAT        3    D    04/08/94  1200    905    12.50    30.00   5.60    10.30     T.   X X X    91 PACES REACH LENGHT


    YOP3DO71493     YORK        POLECAT        3    D    07/14/93  1200    474    0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   X X X    FLOW VERY LOW. EXPOSED RIFFLES. LARGE
                                                                                                                                   LONG RUN/POOL.
                                                                                                                                   MISSED SEVERAL EOL'S IN THE ROCKS.


    YOP3DO71594     YORK        POLECAT        3    D    07/15/94  1200       0   25.00    80.00   6.70    8.00      T.

    YOP3DIO1994     YORK        POLECAT        3    D    10/19/94  1200    824    12.00    0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   X X X

    YOP3D111093     YORK        POLECAT        3    D    11/10/93  1200    652    7.00     0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   C K X

    YOP3D111893     YORK        POLECAT        3    D    11/18/93  1200       0   11.00    72.00   6.10    10.10     T.            METRIC #3 WAS CHANGED FROM POOL
                                                                                                                                   CHARACTERIZATION TO GLIDE
                                                                                                                                   CHARACTERIZATION


    YOP3EO20294     YORK        POLECAT        3    E    02/02/94  1200       0   3.00     41.00   6.80    16.40     T.

    YOP3EG40894     YORK        POLECAT        3    E    04/08/94  1200    913    14.00    35.00   5.80    9.60      T.   X X X

    YOP3EO71994     YORK        POLECAT        3    E    07/19/94  1200       0   25.00    65.00   6.30    6.90      T.

    YOP3EO72093     YORK        POLECAT        3    E    07/20/93  1200    1259   0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   X X X    LOW BEAVER DAN HAD BEEN CONSTRUCTED
                                                                                                                                   UPSTREAM OF (-15M) STATE BRIDGE. LOW
                                                                                                                                   STREAM CONDITIONS PRESENT, MOST OF THE
                                                                                                                                   SITE COULD BE SHOCKED WITH CHEST WADERS
                                                                                                                                   @THESE WATER LEVELS.TWO DATA SHEETS; 926
                                                                                                                                   CANOE AND 333 BACKPACK WHICH THE EFFORTS
                                                                                                                                   WERE ADDED TOGETHER.


    YOP3EO81194     YORK        POLECAT        3    E    08/11/94 1200 1247       0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   X X X

    YOP3E111494     YORK        POLECAT        3    E    11/14/94 1200     960    0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00      F.   X X X










     PAGE NO.      4
     DATE: 04/27/95




                                                                                  COLLECTION LOCATION REPORT



     LOCATION                                        SITE                                                                 HAB    INVERT
       CODE        DRAINAGE       STREAM     ORDER CODE      -DATE     TIME    EFFORT TEMP     CORD      pH       DO      ASMT   SAMPLE    NOTES
     ----------    --------     ----------    -----  ---- -------- ---- ------ ---- ------ ------ ------ ---- -------- -----
     YOP3Elll793     YORK         POLECAT         3    E    11/17/93   1200    611    14.00     0.00     0.00     0.00      F.   C L X

     YOP3EI11893     YORK         POLECAT         3    E    11/18/93   1200       0   11.80    65.00     6.30     8.60      T.

     YOP3M020294     YORK         POLECAT         3    M    02/02/94   1200       0     2.00   28.00     7.00    16.60      P.

     YOP3MO4O894     YORK         POLECAT         3    M    04/08/94   1200    787    13.00    30.00     6.20     9.30      F.   X X X    106 PACES


     YOP3MG71994     YORK         POLECAT         3    M    07/19/94   1200       0   24.00    70.00     6.90     7.30      T.

     YOP3MO80994     YORK         POLECAT         3    9    08/09/94   1200    964      0.00    0.00     0.00     0.00      F.   X X X

     YOP3M101794     YORK         POLECAT         3    M    10/17/94   1200    616    11.00     0.00     0.00     0.00      F.   X X X

     YOP3Xlll793     YORK         POLECAT         3    M    11/17/93   1200    568    14.00     0.00     0.00     0.00      T.   X X X

     YOP4R060794     YORK         POLECAT         4    R    06/07/94   1200    942    24.00    64.00     0.90     7.20      T.   X X X    106 PACES


     YOP4R060794     YORK         POLECAT         4    R    06/07/94   1200       0   24.00    64.00     6.90     7.20      T.

     YOP0071693      YORK         POLECAT         4    R    07/16/93   1200    804    27.00     0.00     0.00     0.00      F.   X X X

     YOPQ071994      YORK         POLECAT         4    R    07/19/94   1200       0   26.00    62.00     6.90     7.60      T.

     YOPQ081194      YORK         POLECAT         4    R    08/11/94   1200    1178     0.00    0.00     0.00     0.00      F.   X X X

     YOP0101794      YORK         POLECAT         4    R    10/17/94   1200    681    13.00     0.00     0.00     0.00      F.   X X X







                                       COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA






                                 A Natural Heritage Inventory
                         of the Polecat Creek Watershed,
                                             Caroline County-Nirginia
                                               and Preliminary Results
                                       of a M rk-Reca ture Study
                                                                                Final Report

                                                               Department of Conservation and Recreation
                                                                              Division of Natural Heritiage
                                                                         1500 East Main Street, Suite 312
                                                                                    Richmond, VA 23219
                                                                               Telephone (804) 786-7951
                                                Natural Herltage Technical Document #95-12, March 1995





               4
                      D
                '@


              Department of Conservation & Recreation
                              CR


              CONSERVING VIRGINIAS NATURAL AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES


















            A NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY OF THE POLECAT CREEK WATERSHED,
                              CAROLINE COUNTY, VIRGINIA
                                         AND
                   PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A MARK-RECAPTURE STUDY
                                OF ELLIPTIO COMPLANATA



                                     FINAL REPORT






                                         By:

          Christopher S. Hobson, Dirk J. Stevenson and William H. Moorhead
                 VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND RECREATION
                             DIVISION OF NATURAL HERITAGE
                           1500 East Main Street, Suite 312
                               Richmond, Virginia 23219

                      Natural Heritage Technical Report # 95-12
                                     March, 1995







                                    Prepared for:

                     Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department
           805 East Broad Street - Suite 701; 8th Street Office Building
                               Richmond, Virginia 23219





         This report should be cited as follows:

         Hobson, C.S., D.J. Stevenson and W.H. Moorhead. 1995. A Natural
         Heritage Inventory of the Polecat Creek Watershed, Caroline County,
         Virginia, and Preliminary Results of a Mark-Recapture Study of
         Elliptio complanata. Natural Heritage Technical Report # 95-12.
         Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of
         Natural Heritage, Richmond, Virginia. Unpublished report submitted
         to Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department. March, 1995. 60 pp.
         plus appendices.










                                                                             TABLE OF CONTENTS


                          SECTION 1. - NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY OF THE POLECAT CREEK DRAINAGE


                                  LIST OF TABLES              ............................................................................................           iii


                                  LIST OF FIGURES                ...........................................................................................         iv


                                  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS                        ...................................................................................        V


                          I.      INTRODUCTION                ..............................................................................................         1
                                  Introduction to the Inventory-Purpose, Methods and Procedures                             .....................................    2
                                  Explanation of the Natural Heritage Ranking System                         ...................................................     3

                          11.     ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAROLINE COUNTY                                                      ..........................   6
                                  General Land Use Patterns               ...................................................................................        7
                                  Climate       ...........................................................................................................          8
                                  Physiography, Topography, and Geology                      .................................................................       8
                                  Hydrology        ........................................................................................................          9
                                  Soils     .............................................................................................................            10
                                  Principal Natural Community (Ecosystem) Types                         .......................................................      10
                                             Terrestrial (Upland) Communities                 ...............................................................        12
                                             Palustrine (Wetland) Communities                 ...............................................................        13
                                             Summary of Community Elements                    ...............................................................        16
                                             Summary of Plant and Animal Elements                       ......................................................       16

                          Ill.    MATERIALS AND METHODS                           ..........................................................................         18
                                  Overview of Natural Heritage Inventory Methodology                           ...............................................       19
                                  Botanical Inventory         ...........................................................................................            20
                                  Zoological Inventory           .........................................................................................           21
                                  Community Inventory              ........................................................................................          22

                          IV.     SITE REPORTS             ...............................................................................................           25
                                  Introduction to the Site Reports              ............................................................................         26
                                  Coleman's Mill Bog            ..........................................................................................           28
                                  Lower Polecat Creek            .........................................................................................           35
                                  Penola Bottornland          ............................................................................................           39


                          V.      SUMMARY OF FINDINGS                       ...............................................................................          44


                          VI.     SUMMARY OF PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS                                                                 ...........   46


                          VII.    INFORMATION SOURCE REFERENCES                                  ............................................................        50


                          SECTION 11: A MARK-RECAPTURE STUDY OF ELLIPY70 COMPL,4NATA                                                   .........................     52


                          1.      INTRODUCTION                ............................................................................................           53


                          li.     MATERIALS AND METHODS                          ............................  * .............................................       54











                    III.       SITE DESCRIPTIONS                  ......................................................................................       54


                    IV.        RESULTS AND DISCUSSION                         ...........................................................................      55


                    V.         SUMMARY             ....................................................................................................        56

                    APPENDIX A: Classification of Virginia's Indigenous Biotic Communities

                    APPENDIX B: Watchlist species found at Polecat Creek

                    APPENDIX C: Data collected from mussels at Polecat Creek and Stevens Mill Run, sites B and D by
                    species.










                                                                           LIST OF TABLES



                      1.        Definition of Natural Heritage Rarity Ranks                .............................................................3

                      2.        U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Status Codes                  ...................................................5

                      3.        Generalized Successional Development of Flooded Wetlands                           .................................... 14

                      4.        Species Monitored By Virginia Department Of Conservation
                                And Recreation/Division Of Natural Heritage Found Within
                                The Polecat Creek Watershed During 1994-1995                    ...................................................... 17










                                                                             LIST OF FIGURES



                      1.        Location of Polecat Creek watershed within Virginia                     ...............................................      7

                      2.        Physiographic Context of Polecat Creek watershed, Caroline County, Virginia                                ............... 9

                      3.        Coleman's Mill Bog
                                Conservation Planning Boundary               ..........................................................................    31

                      4.        Coleman's Mill Bog
                                Location of Juncus caesatiensis              ...........................................................................   32


                      5.        Coleman's Mill Bog
                                Location of Sarracenia purpurea              ..........................................................................    33

                      6.        Coleman's Mill Bog
                                Location of Argia bipuncrulata             ............................................................................    34

                      7.        Lower Polecat Creek
                                Conservation Planning Boundary               ..........................................................................    37

                      8.        Lower Polecat Creek
                                Location of Eutrophic Seasonally Flooded Forest                    .....................................................   38

                      9.        Penola bottomland
                                Conservation Planning boundary               ..........................................................................    41

                      10.       Penola bottornland
                                Location of Macromia illinoiensis georgina                 .............................................................   42

                      11.       Penola bottomland
                                Location of Somatochlorafilosa               ............................................................................  43

                      12.       Size measurements taken on Elliptio coniplanata                   .......................................................  58

                      13.       Frequency distribution histogram for sites B and D - total number of individuals                             ............. 59

                      14        Frequency distribution histogram and pie charts for sites B and D -
                                percent of population          .......................................................................................     60













                                                                                       iv













                                                       ACKNOVMEDGEMENTS



                  This Natural Heritage Inventory of the Polecat Creek watershed was accomplished through the
                  funding, expertise, and assistance of numerous individuals other than the primary author. These
                  contributions are recognized here.

                  This inventory was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the
                  Coastal Program of the Department of Environmental Quality. Personnel with the Chesapeake Bay
                  Local Assistance Department administered the contract, provided assistance in arranging access, and
                  supplied information about natural resources and land use practices within the watershed. In
                  particular, Jean Tingler, served as Polecat Creek project coordinator for this inventory and Darryl
                  Glover assisted with various aspects of the project.

                  Natural Heritage Inventories conducted by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation's
                  Division of Natural Heritage (DNH) are a group effort. DNH field biologists, including the author,
                  planned and conducted all field work. Surveys were conducted by the following DNH personnel:
                  Steven M. Roble, Allen J. Belden, Gary P. Fleming, William H. Moorhead, and Dirk J. Stevenson.
                  Field zoologist Christopher S. Hobson served as project leader. Data Management staff, including
                  Steve Carter-Lovejoy, Harold Evans, and Megan Rollins, assisted in this survey from start to finish,
                  providing lists of potential rare species for the area in the initial stages, and processing data on the
                  rare species and significant communities found at Polecat Creek. Caren A. Caljouw reviewed
                  management and protection recommendations. Leslie D. Trew was responsible for the overall
                  administration and coordination of the contract, while Patricia Jarrell handled financial affairs.
                  Finally, Faye McKinney assisted by securing vehicles, coordinating itineraries, completing our travel
                  expense reports, and assisting in many other administrative tasks.

                  We also thank Steven M. Roble, Gary P. Fleming, Leslie D. Trew, and Allen J. Belden for their
                  assistance in reviewing portions of this manuscript.

                  Some of the information used in this report was compiled by Gary P. Fleming and Nancy Van Alstine
                  for use in previous natural heritage inventory reports. The use of this information was extremely
                  helpful in many ways and is greatly appreciated.







  0


















                        I. INTRODUCTION


  0












 0
                                I









               INTRODUCTION TO TIRE INVENTORY PURPOSE, METHODS, AND PROCEDURES

               In March, 1993, the Coastal Program of the Department of Environmental Quality contracted with the
               Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department (CBLAD) and the Department of Conservation and
               Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage (DCR-DNH) to conduct a natural heritage resource inventory
               and survey of freshwater mussels within the watershed of Polecat Creek, Caroline County, Virginia.
               Initially, this project included surveys for the federally endangered dwarf wedge mussel (Alasmidonta
               heterodon) at a proposed water quality monitoring station (site E) in compliance with United States Fish
               and Wildlife Service requirements for wedand permits. Four other proposed gauge station sites were
               surveyed during early 1994 by Phillip H. Stevenson (Stevenson, 1994). This portion of the project was
               completed during 1994. Additionally, three populations of the eastern elliptio (Elliptio complanata) were
               to be identified and marked so that the effects of nearby land development on the survival of these
               animals could be monitored during the ten year water quality monitoring project. This report includes
               results from the natural heritage resource inventory (Section 1) and preliminary data from the mark-
               recapture study (Section 11).

               The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation's Division of Natural Heritage (DNH) is the
               state agency responsible by statutory authority under the Virginia Natural Area Preserves Act (Section
               10. 1-209 through 217, Code of ViMiRW for inventory, database maintenance, protection, and
               management of Virginia's natural heritage resources. Such resources are defined as the habitats of rare,
               threatened, or endangered plant and animal species, rare or state significant communities, and other
               natural features. The Department of Conservation and Recreation - Division of Natural Heritage
               represents the first comprehensive attempt to identify the Commonwealth's most significant natural areas
               through ongoing scientific biological survey. Data gathered during this state-wide survey are assembled
               and managed through a sophisticated Biological and Conservation Data System (BCD) in which
               information on ecosystems and species, their biology, habitats, locations, conservation status, and
               management needs is continually updated and refined. Ile DNH is part of an international network of
               natural heritage programs, coordinated by The Nature Conservancy, which uses standardized inventory
               methodologies and BCD technology.

               The intent of the Polecat Creek Natural Heritage Inventory is to verify and document the presence (or
               absence), distribution, and population status of specific elements of biological diversity: federally listed
               threatened or endangered species; proposed candidate species for federal listing; other rare plant and
               animal species monitored by DNH; and communities considered to be rare or exemplary by DNH. The
               practical goal of the inventory is to assist CBLAD personnel, private landowners, and local governments
               in decisions concerning land use, maintenance activities, public access, siting of facilities, and
               management of areas containing natural heritage resources.

               DNH work on the inventory began during the spring of 1994 with a comprehensive review of existing
               information about the Polecat Creek watershed area. Field surveys were initiated in May, 1994 and
               continued through March, 1995. During this period DNH botanists, zoologists and community ecologists
               carried out surveys in areas determined to have potential for rare species and significant communities.
               Overall coordination of the project was through Jean Tingler of the Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance
               Department. A report summarizing the results of rare mussel surveys by DNH at gauging station E was
               completed during late 1994. All information collected during the project period is reported herein, and
               will be incorporated into the DNH Biological and Conservation Data System.



                                                                    2










                 EXPLANATION OF THE NATURAL BERITAGE RANKING SYSTEM

                 Each of the significant natural features (species, community type, etc.) monitored by DNH is considered
                 an element of natural diversity, or simply an element. Each element is assigned a rank that indicates its
                 relative rarity on a five-point scale (1 = extremely rare; 5 = abundant; Table 1). The primary criterion
                 for ranking elements is the number of occurrences, i.e. the number of known distinct localities or
                 populations. Also of great importance is the number of individuals at each locality or, for highly mobile
                 organisms, the total number of individuals. Other considerations include the condition of the occurrences,
                 the number of protected occurrences, and threats. However, the emphasis remains on the number of
                 occurrences, so that ranks essentially are an index of known biological rarity. These ranks are assigned
                 both in terms of the element's rarity within Virginia (its State or S-rank) and the element's rarity over
                 its entire range (its Global or G-rank). Subspecies and varieties are assigned a Taxonomic (T-) rank in
                 addition to their G-rank. Taken together, these ranks give a concise picture of an element's rarity. For
                 example, a designated rank of G5/S I indicates an element which is abundant and secure range-wide, but
                 extremely rare in Virginia. Ranks for community types are provisional, or in many cases lacking, due
                 to ongoing efforts by the Natural Heritage network to classify community taxa. Rarity ranks used by
                 DNH are not legal designations, and they are continuously updated to reflect new information.

                 Table 1. Definition of Natural Heritage state rarity ranks. Global ranks are similar, but refer to a
                 species' range-wide status. Note that GA and GN are not used and GX means extinct. Sometimes ranks
                 are combined (e.g. S1S2) to indicate intermediate or somewhat unclear status. Elements with uncertain
                 taxonomic validity are denoted by the letter Q, after the global rank. Ranks for most community types
                 have not been generated due to ongoing community classification efforts. These ranks should not be
                 interpreted as legal designations.

                 S1     Extremely rare; usually 5 or fewer occurrences in the state; or may have a few remaining
                        individuals; often especially vulnerable to extirpation.

                 S2     Very rare; usually between 5 and 20 occurrences; or few occurrences with many individuals;
                        often susceptible to becoming endangered.

                 S3     Rare to uncommon; usually between 20 and 100 occurrences; may have fewer occurrences, but
                        with a large number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale
                        disturbances.


                 S4     Common; usually more than 100 occurrences, but may be fewer with many large populations;
                        may be restricted to only a portion of the state; usually not susceptible to immediate threats.

                 S5     Very common; demonstrably secure under present conditions.

                 SA     Accidental in the state.

                 SH     Historically known from the state, but not verified for an extended period, usually more than 15
                        years; this rank is used primarily when inventory has been attempted recently.

                 SN     Regularly occurring migrants or transient species which are non-breeding, seasonal residents.
                        (Note that congregation and staging areas are monitored separately).


                                                                    3









                Table 1. (continued)

                SU      Status uncertain, often because of low search effort or cryptic nature of the element.

                Sx       Apparently extirpated from the state

                The spot on the landscape that supports a natural heritage resource is an element occurrence.
                Occasionally, separate but nearby locations of a species or community element are treated as
                subpopulations (species) or sub-occurrences (community) of the same occurrence due to factors such as
                the probability of gene flow or hydrologic linkage. DNH has mapped over 7,400 element occurrences
                in Virginia. Information on the location and quality of these element occuff ences is computerized within
                the Division's BCD system, and additional information is recorded on maps and in manual files.

                In addition to ranking each element's rarity, each element occurrence is ranked to differentiate large,
                outstanding occurrences from small, vulnerable ones. In this way, protection efforts can be aimed not
                only at the rarest elements, but at the best examples of each. Species occurrences are ranked in terms
                of quality (size, vigor, etc.) of the population; the condition (pristine to disturbed) of the habitat; the
                viability of the population; and the defensibility (ease or difficulty of protecting) of the occurrence.
                Community occurrences are ranked according to their size and overall natural condition. These element
                occurrence ranks range from A (excellent) to D (poor). Sometimes these ranks are combined to indicate
                intermediate or somewhat unclear status, e.g. AB or CD, etc. In a few cases, especially those involving
                cryptic animal elements, field data may not be sufficient to reliably rank an occurrence. In such cases
                a rank of E (extant) may be given. Element occurrence ranks reflect the current condition of the species'
                population or community. A poorly-ranked element occurrence can, with time, become highly-ranked
                as a result of successful management or restoration.

                Element ranks and element occurrence ranks form the basis for ranking the overall significance of sites.
                Site biodiversity ranks (B-ranks) are used to prioritize protection efforts, and are defined as follows:

                        BI       Outstanding Significance: only site known for an element; an excellent occurrence of a
                                 G1 species; or the world's best example of a community type.

                        B2       Very High Significance: excellent example of a rare community type; good occurrence
                                 of a G1 species; or excellent occurrence of a G2 or G3 species.

                        B3       High Significanc : excellent example of any community type; good occurrence of a G3
                                 species.

                        B4       Moderate Significance: good example of a community type; excellent or good occurrence
                                 of state-rare species.

                        B5       General Biodiversijy Significance: good or marginal occurrence of a community type or
                                 state-rare species.

                        Note: sites supporting rare subspecies or varieties are considered slightly less significant than sites
                        supporting similarly ranked species.



                                                                       4








                  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is responsible for the listing of endangered and threatened
                  species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. Federally listed species (including
                  subspecific taxa) are afforded a degree of legal protection under the Act, and therefore sites supporting
                  these species need to be highlighted. USFWS also maintains a review listing of potential candidate
                  endangered and threatened taxa. Table 2 defines the various status categories used by USFWS and
                  followed in this report. The status category of candidate species is based on the Service's current level
                  of knowledge about the biological vulnerability of and threats to a species.

                  In Virginia, two acts have authorized the creation of official state endangered and threatened species lists.
                  One act (section 29.1-563 through 570, Code of Virginia), administered by the Virginia Department of
                  Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF), authorizes listing of fish and wildlife species, not including insects.
                  The Endangered Plant and Insect Species Act, (section 3.1-1020 through 1030, Code of Virgini ,
                  administered by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS), allows for
                  listing of plant and insect species. In general, these acts prohibit or regulate taking, possessing, buying,
                  selling, transporting, exporting, or shipping of any endangered or threatened species appearing on the
                  official lists. Species protected by these acts are indicated as either listed endangered (LE) or listed
                  threatened (LT). Species under consideration for listing are indicated as candidates (C).

                  Table 2. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service species status codes, with abbreviated definitions.

                  LE      Listed endangered

                  LT      Listed threatened

                  PE      Proposed to be listed as endangered

                  PT      Proposed to be listed as threatened

                  S       Synonyms

                  C1      Candidate, category 1: status data supports listing of taxon as endangered or threatened, but
                          listing has been delayed by pending proposals of higher priority taxa.

                  C2      Candidate, category 2: evidence of vulnerability, but insufficient status data exists.

                  3A      Persuasive evidence exists that taxon is extinct.

                  3B      Name that does not represent a distinct taxon, according to recently published revisions and
                          monographs.

                  3C      Taxon proven to be more abundant or widespread than previously believed and/or those that are
                          not subject to any identifiable threat.







                                                                        5







  0


















           II. ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
  0       POLECAT CREEK WATERSHED,, CAROLINE COUNTY











 0                             6








                 A brief discussion of the general environmental characteristics of the Polecat Creek watershed is
                 important for understanding the context in which significant natural communities and rare biota occur.
                 Unless otherwise cited, county-wide statistics cited in this section are from Lillywhite and Niemann
                 (1993) and Thompson (1991).



                 GENERAL LAND USE PATTERNS
                 Polecat Creek is located in south-central Caroline County, approximately 30 miles north of Richmond,
                 and approximately 70 miles SSE of Washington D.C. (Fig 1). The headwaters originate in the Piedmont,
                 flow across the fall zone into the Coastal Plain and converge with the Mattaponi River. The Mattaponi
                 is a major tributary of the York River, which flows into the southern portion of the Chesapeake Bay.


                 Figure 1. Location of Polecat Creek watershed in Virginia




                                                                                          0


















                 Caroline County is classified as 100% rural, with a total acreage of 342,695 and a population of 19,217
                 in 1990. Land use in the county as a whole is predominantly forestry-related, with forest lands comprising
                 76 Oo' of the total acreage. Only about 18 % of the county's acreage is utilized for agriculture (D. Eastham,
                 U.S. Soil Conservation Service, pers. comm. to Gary P. Fleming, 1994). The predominant land cover
                 in the watershed is forest, followed by open fields and pastureland. The principal crops in the county are
                 soybeans, wheat, barley, and corn, with a very small amount of grazing land included. The remaining
                 6% of the county consists of miscellaneous residential, developed, and open wedand areas. There are no
                 major industries and, at present, only a limited amount of commercial and residential growth occurring
                 around the towns of Bowling Green and Port Royal, located just NNE and NE of the drainage
                 respectively. Significant urban development activity is expected in the area over the next ten years as a
                 large portion of the Polecat Creek watershed is designated as primary growth area in the Caroline County
                 comprehensive plan.

                                                                       7










                  CLIMA17E
                  Ile climate of the Polecat Creek area is classified as humid subtropical. This term denotes a seasonal
                  temperature pattern with warm to hot summers and mild winters, along with sufficient precipitation to         10
                  support forests (Woodward and Hofftnan, 1991). The average growing season length in this region is
                  approximately 180 days and the average annual precipitation is 42.69 inches (Hoppe and Jones, 1989).

                  PHYSIOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND GEOLOGY
                  Western portions of the watershed including the headwaters, and several tributaries are located within the
                  Piedmont physiographic province. Topography in this area can be described as hilly, with uplands
                  dissected by deeply entrenched ravines caused by accelerated downcutting of streams. Although the
                  overall character of this region is a gently sloping plain, relief is far from uniform. Soils found in this
                  area are a complex of alluvial and fluvial deposits eroded from the Appalachian highlands to the west.

                  Eastern sections of the creek and several tributaries lie within the Coastal Plain physiographic province,
                  the youngest of Virginia's ecoregions. 'Me Coastal Plain is composed of unconsolidated sands, gravels,
                  and clays eroded from the Appalachian highlands to the west and deposited along the continent margin
                  as the Atlantic Ocean was formed. Over millions of years, changing sea levels, resulting from tectonic
                  and climatic changes, have shaped a series of longitudinal, wave-cut terraces which characterize the
                  province's current topography. North of the James River in Virginia, the Chesapeake Bay and the
                  watersheds of four major rivers dissect the Coastal Plain into four peninsulas: the Eastern shore, the
                  Northern Neck, the Middle Peninsula, and The Peninsula. The Polecat Creek watershed is considered to
                  be in the extreme western portion of the Middle Peninsula.

                  The topography in the watershed is basically a rolling plain bisected by the fall zone between the Coastal
                  Plain and Piedmont physiographic provinces; therefore, characteristics of both can be found. Elevations
                  range from approximately 70 feet above sea level near the Polecat Creek convergence with the Mattaponi
                  River, to approximately 300 feet above sea level near the western edge of the watershed. Although the
                  plain slopes gradually from west to east, relief is far from uniform. Within the Piedmont sections of the
                  watershed, stream dissection is more pronounced with some ravines deeply dissected and entrenched due
                  to the accelerated downcutting of streams. These areas reveal a more pronounced transition into upland
                  habitats than is seen in lower areas of the watershed. Portions of the stream within the Coastal Plain are
                  comparatively more flat and with little topographic relief, creating a fairly mild transition from
                  bottomland habitats into adjacent uplands. This area is characterized by bottomlands which are typically
                  wide and flat allowing the stream to expand into these areas during periods of high water, at times
                  creating large areas of flooded forest and marshy habitats.

                  Several major geological formations underlie this landscape (Mixon et. al., 1989). The Chesapeake
                  Group (TC), which underlies much of the eastern portion of the watershed, consists of fine to coarse
                  quartzose sand, silt, and clay deposited in shallow inner and middle shelf waters of the upper Pliocene
                  and lower Miocene periods. Pliocene Sand and Gravel (TPSG) underlies higher topography, particularly
                  drainage divides, in the western portions of the watershed. Lower Tertiary Deposits (TL) of glauconitic
                  quartz sand and clay-silt underlies the broad, lower valleys and bottomlands within the watershed.
                  Alluvial deposits of the Quaternary and Tertiary periods are common in the central portion of the
                  watershed. Western portions of the watershed are underlain by more resistant bedrock typical of the
                  Piedmont. This region is primarily underlain by the porphyroblastic garnet-biotite gneiss (Ym) complex
                  of late Precambrian or early Paleozoic periods (Rader and Evans 1993).



                                                                      8


0







                       Figure 2. Physiographic context of Polecat Creek watershed.
                       (from Woodward and Hoffman, 1991 with copyright permission)












                          83-o        82-o          81-o        80-o          79-o         78-o        77-o       76-oW





                                                                                                                    39-o N
               39-o

                                                                                      was  ap



                                                                                 a
                                                             Wildes Mt A




                                                                  4





                                                                                  Mt


                           APPALACHIAN
                               PLATEALS               
                               
                                              
                                            A.                                                                      37-o
               37
                                           Beartown

                  CUMBERLAND                                  
                    GAP                                                 
                                              
                        RIDGE AND VALLEY    BLUE RIDGE          PIEDMONT PLATEAU              COSTAL PLAIN
                                     82-o          81-o           80-o         79-o        78-o          77-o        76-o









               HYDROLOGY
               Drainage patterns are more or less dendritic in the gentler topographic areas of the watershed, and
               distinctly of trellis form in the more deeply dissected areas. Lower elevation areas give way to slow
               moving backwaters, marshy areas and flooded pools. Major tributaries which drain the western portions
               of the watershed are Stevens Mill Run, Reedy Creek, De Jarnette Mill Run, and Hackett Creek. Major
               tributaries in the lower portions of the watershed include, Rafe Swamp, Saddle Swamp, and Millpond
               Swamp. Several of these tributaries are impounded forming ponds or lakes, most notably Lake Caroline
               along Stevens Mill Run.


               Little published information is available on groundwater resources in Caroline County. In neighboring
               Essex County, well water supplies are obtained from several strata between depths of 50 and 140 feet
               (Hoppe and Jones, 1989). In areas near the Piedmont, at least some of the deeper water-bearing strata
               may be located in crystalline rocks which dip steeply under the narrow wedge of sediments deposited at
               the inner edge of the Coastal Plain. Sand and gravel aquifers within the wedge are generally confined


                                                                  9
 







                by strata of silt and clay of variable thickness and permeability. The uppermost aquifer, commonly
                referred to as the water table, is influenced by the local permeability of soils and by topography. The
                direction of flow within the water table aquifer is generally toward surface water drainage features.

                SOILS
                A comprehensive soil survey of Caroline County is currently underway by the U.S. Soil Conservation
                Service (SCS), but is not yet published (G. Ways, pers. comm.).

                Soils within the watershed are generally moderate to strongly acidic in reactivity. Typic Hapludult soils
                predominate within the watershed, including the Remlik-Rumford units in upland habitats. Rumford series
                soils consist of very deep and somewhat excessively drained soils, formed in Coastal Plain sediments.

                Ile major wetland soil units of the watershed are classified as Bibb-Chastain, Roanoke, Tomotley and
                Altavista (D. Eastman, pers. comm., 1995). Bibb soils are typically very deep, poorly drained soils,
                moderately permeable and formed in loamy alluvium on floodplains. The Chastain series consists of deep,
                poorly drained, nearly level soils that have a clayey subsoil, typically formed in clayey and loamy
                alluvium on the floodplains. Roanoke series soils consist of deep, poorly drained, nearly level soils that
                have a dominantly clayey subsoil; these soils are formed in alluvium, mostly on terraces. Soils of the
                Tomotley series are very deep, nearly level and poorly drained forming in moderately coarse textured
                to moderately fine textured, fluviomarine sediments on the intermediate terrace. The deep, moderately
                well drained soils of the Altavista series, are nearly level to gently sloping with a loamy subsoil; these
                soils are formed in loamy alluvium, mostly on terraces.

                PRINCIPAL NATURAL COMMUNITY (ECOSYSTEM) TYPES
                Although much altered by three centuries of human disturbance, temperate broadleaf deciduous forest is
                the predominant natural vegetation over much of Virginia and the eastern United States. Within the
                deciduous forest formation, four major vegetation regions recognized by Braun (1950) include portions
                of Virginia. The Polecat Creek watershed lies within the Oak-Pine region, which includes the state's
                southern Piedmont and the Coastal Plain north of the James River. To the west, including the state's
                northern Piedmont and Appalachian Mountains, is the Oak-Chestnut region, which is now modified by
                the near elimination of American chestnut (Castdnea dentata) by disease. On the Coastal Plain south of
                the James River, the Southeastern Evergreen Forest region reaches its northern limits.

                The Oak-Pine region is generally considered a transition zone where pines characteristic of the
                southeastern states become more common in oak (Quercus spp.);.dominated forests east of the
                Appalachians. Pine species, including Virginia or scrub pine (Pinus Wrginiana), shortleaf pine (P.
                echinata), and loblolly pine (P. taeda), are considered much more abundant today than in pre-settlement
                times, occurring prolifically in early successional communities of abandoned fields and clearcuts.
                Moreover, loblolly pine is one of the most valuable timber resources, and plantations of this species are
                .a common and typical sight throughout much of the region. In the original forest, these species probably
                were scattered associates of oaks and other hardwoods, except in highly xeric habitats, areas of high fire
                incidence, and areas recovering from catastrophic disturbances (e.g. blow-downs), where they were more
                abundant and persistent. Small inclusions of mixed hardwoods, bottoniland hardwoods, and other wetland
                communities are found along streams throughout the Oak-Pine region.

                Although remnant hardwood stands in the region have undergone some successional modifications as a
                result of repeated cutting, they are considered somewhat stable - at least on the drier sites - due to
                vigorous sprout regeneration of dominant oaks. On the better upland sites, shade-intolerant species such

                                                                    10









              as tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) may become dominant following cutting, while shade-tolerant
              beech (Fagus grandifolia) usually assumes increasing dominance in the prolonged absence of disturbance.

              Within the Polecat Creek watershed, loblolly pine is abundant in monocultural plantings, while both
              loblolly and Virginia pines are dominant in natural early succession stands on many thousands of acres.
              Nevertheless, considerable upland areas and bottomlands remain forested in hardwoods, and among these,
              Natural. Heritage ecologists have identified one exemplary mature bottomland hardwood stand. Vegetation
              within the watershed is decidedly southern in overall character, although representative species from both
              Coastal Plain and Piedmont habitats can be found. Northern species may occasionally occur in areas with
              cooler microclimates, such as steep-sided ravines. Ile watershed is typical of other areas within this
              region of Virginia.









                Terrestrial (Upland) Communities:
                Division of Natural Heritage ecologists recognize two broad types of more or less stable, upland forest
                vegetation within the watershed:

                                 1. Oligotrophic Forest
                                 2. Submesotrophic Forest

                Oligotrophic forests occupy sites of low fertility and are characterized by an absence of nutrient-
                demanding species and the strong presence of members of the heath family. Submesotrophic forests are
                communities of only moderately infertile soil conditions, and are characterized by the presence of
                somewhat nutrient-demanding species.

                Because of the sandy, nutrient-poor soils which are common in the watershed, oligotrophic forests are
                by far the most widespread of these community types. These are oak-dominated forests with a very low
                diversity of shrub and herbaceous species. Characteristic canopy trees are white oak (Quercus alba),
                southern red oak (Q. falcata), black oak (Q. velutina), scarlet oak (Q. coccinea), post oak (Q. stellata),
                blackjack oak (Q. marilandica), hickories (Carya spp.), and some beech, often in mixture with Virginia
                and/or loblolly pines. Chestnut oak (Q. montana) often dominates on drier gravelly ridges and steep
                slopes. More or less dense strata of ericaceous (heath family) shrubs - mountain-laurel (Kalmia
                latifolia), black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata), blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and, more locally,
                sheep-laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) -- are typical features of oligotrophic forests. Herbaceous growth is
                sparse, consisting of scattered pink ladyslipper (Qpripedium acaule), spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila
                maculata), trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens), poverty grass (Danthonia spicata), and a few other species.
                The exact floristic composition of these stands varies considerably with topography and soil conditions
                over the watershed and detailed plot sampling undoubtedly would delineate several well-defined
                associational segregates within the type,

                Submesotrophic forest communities occur somewhat locally on ravine slopes and non-hydric ravine
                bottoms. Here, soil nutrient status is slightly enriched by colluvial processes and the prevalence of sandy
                loam and clay loam strata in the Remlick-Rumford series.              The canopy association in these
                submesotrophic forests is usually dominated by white oak, beech, and tulip-tree. Northern red oak
                (Quercus rubra), southern red oak, black oak, hickories, and red maple (Acer rubrum) also are present
                in many stands. In the understory and shrub layers, ericaceous species may be thinly scattered or absent,
                while flowering dogwood (Cornusflorida) and maple-leaved viburnum. (Viburnum acerifolium) are usually
                common. Diagnostic herbaceous species include christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), white wood
                aster (Aster divaricatus), naked-flowered tick-trefoil (Desmodium nudiflorum), violet wood sorrel (Oxalis
                violacea), wild comfrey (C@noglossum virginianum), short-leaved bluegrass (Poa cuspidata), wedgegrass
                (Sphenopholis nitida), and spreading sedge (Carex laxiculmis).

                No old growth upland forest was identified within the areas surveyed. This is not surprising, since
                mature stands which have escaped cutting (or at least extensive cutting) and the effects of beaver are
                decidedly rare in the Virginia Coastal Plain. On the other hand, thousands of acres of the watershed are
                representative of scrubby vegetation and secondary forest stands growing up on abandoned fields and
                clearcuts. The composition of these communities ranges from shrubby grasslands and pure stands of pine
                to variable mixtures of fast-growing, light-demanding deciduous tree sprouts, shrubs, and vines. Unless
                artificially maintained, such communities are temporary and will undergo rapid and inexorable
                development toward one of the more climax types of forest vegetation discussed above. Thouglivaluable


                                                                    12









              for wildlife habitat, watercourse and wetland buffer, soil stabilization, and nature study, among other
              things, these communities are neither uncommon nor exceptional from a biological or ecological point
              of view, and they therefore cannot be considered significant from a natural heritage perspective.

              Palustrine (Wetland) Communities:
              It is clear from field surveys that wetlands of the Polecat Creek watershed are dynamic ecosystems
              comprising an often shifting mosaic of vegetation types and biota. In these habitats, the nature of soils,
              hydrologic regimes, vegetation communities, and species populations may be frequently altered in a given
              locality by unpredictable flooding, various natural and artificial impoundments, establishment and
              abandonment of beaver ponds, and so forth. Moreover, large-scale or catastrophic alterations to one
              portion of a watershed may have secondary impacts on adjacent, unaltered portions. More than any other
              factor, the extensive activities of beavers, often stimulated by the construction of culverted roadways
              across drainages, are responsible for the creation and maintenance of open wetland habitats. While
              beavers have always been members of this region's fauna, their populations have increased dramatically
              in recent decades and have led to widespread vegetational and hydrologic changes. However temporal
              they may be, active or abandoned beaver ponds can be considered "natural" habitats and sometimes
              support significant communities or rare species.

              Within the Polecat Creek watershed's dynamically changing wetlands, the generalized (idealized) trend
              of vegetational development in seasonally to semipermanently flooded palustrine habitats is depicted in
              Table 3. A few species or genera typical of each successional stage are listed.





























                                                                   13








                                      Table 3. Generalized Successional Development of Flooded Wetland

                                                             Freshwater
                                    Emergent Aquatics -(Nontidal) -Palustrine -Palustrine
                                                             Marsh              Scrub             Forest


                                    arrow-arum               sedge spp.         common alder       river birch
                                    American bur-reed        rush spp.          black willow       sweetgum,
                                    cat-tail                 grass spp.         red maple         red maple
                                                                                                 oaks Oater stages)

                   Though it was beyond the scope of this survey to classify all wetlands in the survey area, several broad
                   types of natural vegetated wetland communities were identified, in the course of field survey of accessible
                   areas (refer to Appendix A for an explanation of the classification system used by Division of Natural
                   Heritage ecologists). Field survey and analysis of secondary sources (aerial photographs, topographic
                   maps, etc.) suggest that virtually all of the vegetated wetland communities in the watershed are one of
                   the following types:

                            1. Eutrophic Seasonally Flooded Forest
                            2. Eutrophic Semipermanently Flooded Woodland
                            3. Eutrophic Semipermanently Flooded Scrub
                            4. Eutrophic Semipermanently Flooded Herbaceous Vegetation
                            5. Oligotrophic Saturated Forest
                            6. Oligotrophic Saturated Herbaceous Vegetation
                            7. Submergent/Floating-leaved Vegetation                                                            0
                   Type 1, Eutrophic Seasonally Flooded Forest, is the natural climax community type that would occupy
                   the majority of the bottomland sites outside the stream channel in the absence of disturbance by beaver
                   and humans. Much of the bottomland presently supports early successional stages of this community
                   type. The canopy is usually dominated by river birch (Betula nigra), sweet gum (Liquidambar
                   styraciflua), and red maple (Acer rubrwn). As this community matures, certain oaks tend to become
                   more prevalent, as evidenced by the scattered, old individuals of basket oak (Quercus michauxii) and
                   willow oak. (Quercus phellos). Heritage ecologists identified one significant occurrence of this
                   community, in old growth condition, near the confluence of Polecat Creek and the Mattaponi River.
                   Faunal associates of this community type are generally common and widespread species such as the
                   swamp spreadwing (Lestes Wgilax), green ftog (Rana darnitans), eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon
                   subrubrum), Carolina Wren (7hyrothorus ludoidcianus), northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans), Wood
                   Duck (Aft sponsa), and the swamp darner (Epiaeschna heros). In the vicinity of the significant
                   community, the carpenter frog (Rana Wrgatipes), a watchlist species, is known historically, and was
                   recorded further upstream in a similar community during 1994.

                   Types 2 through 4 above, and 7 in part, are open wetlands represented in the Polecat Creek watershed
                   mostly by communities associated with beaver impoundments, and are seral stages dependent on beaver
                   activity to prevent or reverse succession to forest, as discussed at the beginning of the section above.

                   Type 5 above, Oligotrophic Saturated Forest, is the prevalent wetland community in the watershed outside
                   of the Polecat Creek bottomlands. It is one of the more interesting forested wetland community types


                                                                        14









                of the watershed, and is rarely, if ever, inundated by flooding. Commonly referred to as "seepage
                swamps", such communities occupy the bottoms of headwaters streams and their tributaries, where
                abundant groundwater seepage is the primary hydrological influence. Drainage in these habitats is
                typically diffuse with braided channels interlaced around saturated hummocks in a sandy or peaty
                substrate. Classified as oligotrophic saturated forest, the vegetation which occupies undisturbed habitats
                of this type is widely but somewhat locally distributed in the Coastal Plain. The dominant canopy
                species of this community type are red maple (Acer rubrum) and Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), with tulip-
                poplar (Liriodendron tulip@fera) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) of occasional importance in the stand.
                Characteristic shrubs are sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), sweet pepperbush (Gethra alnifolia),     highbush
                blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum), and possumhaw viburnum.
                (Viburnum nudum). Herbaceous plants which could be considered "indicator" species of the community
                include skunk-cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus), kidneyleaf grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia asarifolia),
                Collins' sedge (Carex collinsii), and twining bartonia (Bartoniapaniculata). At ground level, sphagnum
                mosses (Sphagnum spp.) cover the hummocks with expansive mats. Oligotrophic saturated forests have
                become increasingly fragmented and threatened by the recent expansion of beaver populations in the
                upper portions of many drainages in Caroline County. Several rare odonates are typical of seepage swamp
                habitats including the gray petaltail (Tachopteryx thoreyi), sphagnum sprite (Nehalennia gracilis), and
                occasionally the seepage dancer (Argia bipunctulata). Other species which may be associated with this
                habitat include the spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata), four-toed salamander (Hemidacrylium scutatum),
                northern dusky salamander (Desmognathusfuscus), and the erroneus biddie (Cordulegaster erronea).

                The federally listed swamp-pink (Helonias bullata) has been found near the Polecat Creek watershed in
                this community type. Within the watershed, it was not found in those areas which could be accessed for
                this survey., However, one of the areas that could not be accessed for field survey, comprising the
                headwaters of Saddle Swamp near McBryant Comer, appears to have potential for this community type
                and Helonias bullata, based on map and aerial photograph analysis, and reconnaissance from public
                roads.


                Type 6 above, Oligotrophic Saturated Herbaceous Vegetation, are open wetlands that are represented in
                this watershed only by communities created by beaver or man-made disturbances, such as old pond
                bottom wet meadows, and wet meadows maintained by mowing or grazing, in yards, pastures, and right-
                of-ways. In most cases the original natural climax vegetation in these areas was Oligotrophic Saturated
                Forest, or seepage swamp. Naturally open oligotrophic seepage communities are extremely rare, but a
                number of light-demanding rare plant species that are native to these communities can sometimes occur
                in artificially maintained open communities, depending in large part on the nature of the disturbance that
                is keeping these communities open. Ile two rare plants confirnied by this survey, Juncus caesariensis
                and Sarraceniapurpurea, are found in thiscommu            type in a powerline right-of-way, which appears
                to be kept open by occassional "bushhogging". Also found in this community type was the seepage dancer
                (Argia bipunctulata), a denizen of sphagnous seeps with emergent vegetation. Other species such as the
                eastern red damsel (Amphiagrion sauclum), the four-toed salamander, southern bog clubmoss
                (Lycopodiella appressa), and the citrine forktail (Ischnura hastata) can be found in these habitats.

                Type 7, Submergent/Floating-leaved Vegetation, is the community type into which fall the perennial
                watercourses and shallow impoundments and portions of impoundments in the watershed. Within the
                drainage this habitat supports a variety of common and widespread species such as the eastern elliptio
                (Elliptio complanata), larvae of the fawn darner (Boyeria vinosa) and the common whitetail (Libellula
                lydia). Several rare or watchlist species are associated with this habitat including the least brook lamprey


                                                                     15








                   (Lampetra aepypetra), mud sunfish (Acantharcuspomotis), squawfoot (Strophitus undulatus), and Georgia
                   river cruiser (Macromia illinoiensis georgina), among others.

                   Lactistrine Communities:
                   Those portions of the impoundments in the watershed which are too deep to support vegetation fall into
                   the Lacustrine System, which has not yet been subdivided in the current Division of Natural Heritage
                   ecological classification. All occurrences of this community type in the watershed are man-made. The
                   largest, and perhaps the only, occurrence is in Lake Caroline. There is a historic record for low water-
                   milfbil (Myriophyllwn humile) from Lake Caroline. However, the lake is currently thought to be too
                   eutrophic for this species to occur.

                   Summary of Community Elements:
                   One community occurrence considered to be significant by Division of Natural Heritage ecologists was
                   documented in the watershed: a stand of bottomland forest in old-growth condition, classified as
                   Eutrophic Seasonally Flooded Forest. Refer to the Lower Polecat Creek site report for a complete
                   description.

                   Summary of Plant and Animal Elements:
                   A total of two plant element occurrences and three animal element occurrences were documented in the
                   watershed. All of the animals are members of the insect Order Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies).
                   Summary lists are provided in Table 4, which includes all federal candidate species and other species
                   monitored by DNH. Global and state ranks, and legal statuses are included. Several watchlist species
                   were also recorded during this inventory, a summary is provided in Appendix B. A historic occuff ence
                   of low water-milfbil (Myriophyllum hwnile) is known from Lake Caroline, but is not included based on
                   current conditions in the lake.
































                                                                     16










             Table 4. SPECIES MONITORED BY VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND
                    RECREATTON/DIVISION OF NATURAL HERITAGE FOUND WITHIN THE POLECAT
                    CREEK WATERSHED DURING 1994-1995.


                                         GLOBAL     STATE                   VA            NUMBER
                                         RARrrY     RARrrY     USFWS        LEGAL         OF
             ELEMENT NAME                RANK       RANK       STATUS       STATUS        OCCURRENCES


             Plants:
             Juncus caesariensis         G2         S2          C2          C             1
                 New Jersey rush
             Sarracenia purpurea         G5         S2S3                                  I
                 Northern pitcher plant

             Animals:
             Argia bipundulata           G4         S2S3                                  I
                 seepage dancer
             Macromia iflinoiensis       G5T5       SIS2                                  1
                       georgina
                 Georgia river cruiser
             Somatochlora flosa          G5         S2                                    I
                 fine-lined emerald





































                                                         17






 9

















                   III. MATERIALS AND METHODS


 46












 0
                               18









               OVERVIEW OF NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY METHODOLOGY

               Staff of the DCR-DNH conduct natural heritage inventories in a systematic and prioritized manner. In
               general, the most threatened geographic areas, habitats, and species receive inventory priority. Adequately
               funded inventories carried out over several months or even years, typically allow for very intensive
               sampling of potential habitats. This may be carried a step further if sampling is confined to a restricted
               geographic area providing for a more focused survey. Areas within the watershed to which access could
               be gained during the study period were surveyed. Unfortunately, several areas which held potential for
               rare species or exemplary communities were not surveyed during 1994-1995.

               Natural heritage inventories usually are conducted in six basic stages:

               1. Review of aerial photographs and maps. Aerial photographs of the entire survey area are reviewed
               in detail to identify potential natural areas to be studied in subsequent stages. When possible, both the
               oldest available photographs and the most recent ones are examined. Comparing these two sets of
               photographs helps determine how long forests and other vegetation types have been in their current
               condition. To aid in their interpretation, the photographs are cross-referenced with topographic,
               wetlands, and soils maps.

               2. Review of existin2 information. Museum collections are visited by DNH staff, and specimen label
               information is recorded for rare species. Published and unpublished information on natural areas within
               the inventory area is collected and assimilated in conjunction with the review of aerial photographs.
               Maps of lands within the survey area are gathered, BCD databases are accessed, and the known
               distribution of natural heritage resources is examined. Local naturalists, soil conservationists, foresters,
               and college faculty often are consulted for additional information. During this stage, some potential
               natural areas are eliminated from further consideration while others are added.


               3. Aerial reconnaissance. When possible, selected potential natural areas are studied in more detail by
               aerial reconnaissance using small aircraft.

               4. Initial ggound survey. Initial ground reconnaissance is conducted in targeted, high priority sites.
               During this stage, land use activities are assessed, conspicuous element occurrences are documented, and,
               if necessary, follow-up visits are planned.

               5. Thorough inventory of the site. During this stage, detailed information is collected on the rare species
               and exemplary natural communities present at a site. Portions of a site not visited on foot are evaluated
               on the basis of aerial photographs and other information. The area of land needed to protect the special
               biological features is determined. Threats and past or present disturbances are also evaluated. Element
               occurrence data are transcribed onto DNH maps and entered into the BCD system. Throughout this stage
               of concentrated field inventory, continual communication between DNH project team members (botanists,
               zoologists, and ecologists) is emphasized to ensure that all significant natural areas are visited by
               appropriate specialists and that data are coordinated. In addition, some flexibility is built into the process
               so that priorities can be adjusted when unexpected elements are encountered.






                                                                     19








                 6. Cowilation of resul!@i and ingparation of final rgport. As field work is completed, DNH biolog       ists
                 review the information gathered and rank sites according to their ecological significance. Maps are drawn
                 showing preliminary conservation planning boundaries, and protection and management recommendations
                 are written. These are combined with site reports and other required information in preparing a final
                 report.

                 The materials and methodology employed by the major disciplines in carrying out the Polecat Creek
                 inventory are summarized below:

                 BOTANICAL INVENTORY

                 For purposes of this study, rare plants are defined as the rarest known species in the Commonwealth.
                 They include species with global ranks of Gl, G2, and G3, and state ranks of S1, S2, S3, SH, SX, and
                 SU. Data on species with state ranks of S1, S2 (or S2S3), SH, and SX are maintained in the BCD
                 system and summarized annually on a master list of Virginia's rare plants. Species with state ranks of
                 S3 and SU are not tracked using BCD, but maintained on a separate "watchlist." Only general
                 information about watchlist species is recorded in the field and maintained in manual information files.

                 To initiate the inventory of rare plants within the Polecat Creek watershed, existing data on element
                 occuff ences within and near the area to be surveyed were obtained from the BCD database and reviewed.
                 Additional information was gathered from botanical literature and from examination of collections at the
                 following institutions: College of William and Mary, George Mason University, Longwood College,
                 Lynchburg College, National Arboretum, Old Dominion University, University of Richmond, U.S.
                 National Herbarium (Smithsonian Institution), University of North Carolina, Virginia Commonwealth
                 University, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. This preliminary research indicated
                 that three rare plants were known from the watershed, New Jersey rush (Juncus caesariensis), was known
                 from a collection near Coleman's Mill Crossing within the Polecat Creek drainage. Low water-milfbil
                 (Myrlophyllwn humile) was known from Lake Caroline which was briefly surveyed during 1993 by DNH
                 botanists, and dwarf chinquapin oak (Quercus prinoides) is known from two sites along the drainage
                 divide near Peatross, this species was not found within the watershed.

                 Information on the watershed landscape was gathered through examination of aerial photographs, geologic
                 maps, and topographic maps. These sources were examined to delineate the distribution of plant habitats
                 and to identify sites with high potential for rare species occurrences. Data compiled on the area's rare
                 plants, along with information on the distribution of plant habitats, was used to formulate field plans and
                 prioritize field investigations.

                 In early spring of 1994, DNH botanists met to develop field plans for the c       orning season. During
                 planning meetings, aerial photographs were re-examined to ensure that those areas most likely to support
                 rare plants were checked. During the field investigations, communication between field botanists,
                 ecologists, zoologists, and CBLAD personnel ensured that new data were shared and that all significant
                 rare plant habitats were investigated.

                 Botanical field work began in August 1994. Habitat for potential rare plant species within the watershed
                 was surveyed during the appropriate season for the target species. Field botanist Allen J. Belden was
                 responsible for the field work, with considerable contributions also coming from DNH ecologists Gary
                 P. Fleming and William H. Moorhead. Jean Tingler, Polecat Creek project coordinator, provided much
                 logistical assistance and contributed to some of the survey work.

                                                                     20








                During the botanical investigation, field data were recorded during each site survey and were coordinated
                with data collected from the same site by ecologists and zoologists. These data included the site location,
                directions, and a site description, as well as comments on land use, potential hazards, exotic flora and
                fauna, and off-site considerations. When rare plant occurrences were located, additional data were
                recorded, including the date(s) when the species was found, population boundaries and concentrations
                within those boundaries, approximate number of individuals, reproductive and phenological status, and
                species viability. Habitat factors such as moisture, light, and associated species, as well as any apparent
                immediate or long-term threats to the rare species population were also noted. Photographs were taken
                or voucher specimens were collected to verify the identity of all rare species, and each occurrence was
                ranked on the basis of all available data.


                ZOOLOGICAL HWENTORY


                For the purposes of this study, rare animals are defined as the rarest known species in the
                Commonwealth. They include species with global ranks of G1, G2, and G3, and state ranks of S1, S2,
                S3, SH, SX, and SU. Data on species with state ranks of S 1, S2 (or S2S3), SH, and SX are maintained
                in the BCD system and summarized annually on a master list of Virginia's rare animals. Most species
                with state ranks of S3 and SU are not tracked using BCD, but maintained on a separate "watchlist." Only
                general information about watchlist species is recorded in the field and maintained in manual information
                files.


                To initiate inventory of rare animals at Polecat Creek, existing data on element occurrences within and
                near the installation were obtained from the BCD database and reviewed. Additional information was
                gathered from zoological literature and from examination of selected collections at the following
                institutions: U.S. Museum of Natural History, the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Lord Fairfax
                Community College, Eastern Mennonite College, Old Dominion University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
                and State University, Virginia Commonwealth University, and the Virginia Muse-am of Natural History.

                This preliminary research indicated that no rare animal occurrences were known from the Polecat Creek
                drainage. However, surveys conducted at Fort A.P. Hill, in Caroline County during 1992, 1993, and
                1994 revealed several rare odonates (dragonflies and damselflies), one rare crustacean, and two amphibian
                species which could potentially occur within the drainage. Also, a number of DNH watchlist species are
                known from the vicinity of Polecat Creek including the carpenter frog (Rana virgatipes), rainbow snake
                (Farancia erytrogramma), mud sunfish (Acantharcus poinotis), American brook lamprey (Lainpetra
                appendix) and several odonate species.

                During the spring of 1994, aerial photographs and various map sources were consulted to determine the
                extent of potential rare animal habitats. Subsequently, a field plan, based on all of the available
                preliminary information, was developed to direct investigation of potential rare species habitats for all
                animal groups.

                Field work was initiated in May, 1994 and continued through March, 1995. These investigations, which
                covered birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish, mussels, odonates (dragonflies and damselflies),
                butterflies, and other invertebrates, required repeated visits to several sites and potential habitats at
                different seasons. DNH zoologists Christopher S. Hobson, Dirk J. Stevenson, and Steven M. Roble were
                responsible for the work. Jean Tingler (CBLAD), Polecat Creek project coordinator, provided much
                logistical assistance and contributed to the survey work.


                                                                    21








                 A variety of inventory and sampling methods were employed by the team's zoologists:

                 SweQ nets - lepidopterans, odonates, tiger beetles, and other flying invertebrates were sampled in
                 terrestrial and aquatic habitats using sweep nets.

                 Dil) nets - amphibians, fish, aquatic reptiles, and aquatic invertebrates were sampled using dip nets.

                 Hand collection - reptiles and amphibians, as well as some invertebrates, were collected by hand.
                 Transects were walked through terrestrial habitats, where various cover objects were overturned in search
                 of cryptic species.

                 Minnow Ms - small fish, aquatic amphibians and reptiles, and aquatic invertebrates were sampled with
                 minnow traps. Minnow traps were standard two-piece, dual-funnel, cage-type traps with small mesh.

                 Aguascope - mussel surveys were conducted using aquascopes made of 5-gallon buckets with see-through
                 bottoms; these were used to see below the surface in riffle areas and deep or murky water. Mussels were
                 removed from the substrate for identification and subsequently returned to the substrate in proper
                 orientation. Shell material was collected by hand ftoin muskrat middens, sand bars, and the stream bed
                 when appropriate. Further information concerning mussel survey methods is provided in the
                 accompanying mark-recapture project report.

                 Transects - transects were surveyed in various terrestrial and aquatic habitats for rare lepidopterans and
                 odonates.


                 As. in the botanical inventory, complete data were recorded for each site surveyed and additional data
                 were recorded when rare animal occurrences were located. In cases where these sites were also visited
                 by botanists and ecologists, the data were coordinated. All occurrences were ranked on the basis of
                 available field data.


                 COMMUNITY INWNTORY


                 The need to protect rare species is generally well understood and appreciated, but the need to protect
                 indigenous biotic communities sometimes requires explanation. Community classification, inventory, and
                 protection should be regarded as an essential complement to rare species inventories. Communities
                 represent functioning units of the landscape which:


                       1. support myriad life forms too cryptic or poorly known to be catalogued and prioritized
                         individually;

                       2. provide the nurturing environment for both rare and common species;

                       3. contribute to the maintenance of larger ecosystems; and

                       4. possess unique intrinsic scientific, educational, and aesthetic values.





                                                                    22








                It is therefore important to locate, classify, and evaluate these communities as part of any comprehensive
                inventory of natural heritage resources.

                For purposes of this study, significant communities are defined to include both outstanding examples of
                common community types (e.g. old-growth mixed hardwood forest) and all examples of rare community
                types (e.g. certain seepage-influenced, fire-maintained wetlands).        Refer to Appendix A for the
                preliminary DNH classification of indigenous biotic communities.

                Data collection began in early 1994 with a review of BCD database information and scientific literature.
                No existing information was available on natural communities of the Polecat Creek area, and rare species
                locations, which often indicate significant community occurrences, were also lacking. Therefore, staff
                ecologists relied heavily on aerial photographs, topographic maps, geologic maps, and soil surveys to
                identify potential sites for significant communities.

                No previously documented significant communities were identified by this preliminary research, but large,
                tracts of bottomland forest and floodplain wetlands proved to be of interest.

                Ecological field work began in August, 1994 and continued through March, 1995. During this period,
                sampling of high potential habitats was carried out in potentially significant areas of the watershed. As
                field work progressed and additional information became available, priorities and field plans were
                adjusted to ensure that all potential exemplary natural communities were surveyed.

                Close communication was maintained with botanists and zoologists.- working on the project, and
                concurrent multidisciplinary investigation of highly significant sites was ftequently arranged. Ecologist
                William H. Moorhead was responsible for most of the work, with contributions by field ecologist Gary
                P. Fleming and other DNH staff members. During the course of investigations, Jean Tingler of CBLAD
                provided additional community leads, helpful information on the land use history of potential sites,
                assistance with landowner contacts, and assistance in the field.

                Complete standard information was collected from each site visited by ecologists and was coordinated
                with data collected by botanists and zoologists when necessary. When significant communities were
                located, additional data were collected on occurrence size, condition, boundaries, biotic and abiotic
                factors, floristics, evidence of disturbance, successional trends, and immediate or long-term threats.
                Community occurrences were ranked primarily by their quality and size.

                INVENTORY RESULTS


                The. results of the field inventory (Section 1) are presented in the following pages of this report. In part
                IV, site reports and maps for three areas determined to be conservation-worthy natural areas are
                presented. In part V, the overall findings of this inventory are summarized, and in part VI, preliminary
                protection and management recommendations are summarized.

                As a result of this inventory, our knowledge of the fauna, flora and natural communities within the
                Polecat Creek watershed and surrounding areas has been increased significantly. Several new element
                occurrences were documented within the watershed including three animals, one plant, and one natural
                community as well as several watchlist species (Appendix B). The scope of this project gave insight into
                the overall character of the watershed; unfortunately, some of the best habitats, especially those with
                potential for swamp pink, were not accessible during the study period. Further survey within the

                                                                     23







                  watershed is warranted to obtain a more thorough understanding of the potential and existing natural
                  heritage resources.                                                                                     0












                                                                                                                          is













                                                                    24






  0

















                                             IV. SITE REPORTS



  0














                                                         25'











               INTRODUCTION TO THE SITE REPORTS


               To facilitate management and enhance protection of biodiversity within the Polecat. Creek drainage,
               boundaries have been provided for landscape units which merit practical and justifiable recommendation
               as conservation sites. A conservation site is a natural area that includes one or more element occurrences
               and has been assigned a biodiversity rank of at least B5. Reports follow for three conservation sites
               identified during the natural heritage resource inventory. The following standard reporting format is used
               for each conservation site identified within the survey area.


               SITE NAME: Site names typically reflect a geographic locality and, in some cases, a prevalent landscape
               feature.


               SIZE: The approximate acreage within the conservation planning boundary, as determined by planimeter,
               is given.

               BIODIVERSITY RANK: The overall significance of the natural area, in terms of the rarity of natural
               heritage resources and the quality of their occurrences, is indicated. As described on page 4, these ranks
               range from 131 (very high significance) to 135 (general biodiversity significance).

               LOCALITY: The county (or counties) containing the site is listed. All sites within the Polecat Creek
               drainage are in Caroline County.

               QUADRANGLE: The name of the USGS 7.5' quadrangle map(s) that includes the site is listed.

               QUADRANGLE CODE: The code used by DNH for the quadrangle is listed. 'Me first five digits of the
               code represent latitude and longitude (in degrees) of the quadrangle.

               LOCATION: Location of the site within the drainage and distance from some geographic landmark is
               given.

               NATURAL IEERITAGE RESOURCE SUMMARY TABLE: This field provides a synopsis of the
               natural heritage resources (rare species and significant communities), together with their status ranks
               (global, state, USFWS and Virginia legal) and element occurrence ranks.

               SITE DESCRIPTION: A brief narrative describing the site, its significant elements, vegetation, habitat,
               and current land use is presented. The first reference to a species in a narrative is by scientific name,
               followed by common name in parentheses. Subsequent references to the same species are by common
               name only.

               BOUNDARY JUSTIFICATION: The preliminary conservation planning boundary delineated in this
               report contains all known occurrences of natural heritage resources and adjacent lands required for their
               immediate protection. This information field explains the basis for the specific site boundaries.

               THREATS: Threats to the site and its natural heritage resources are described. These may include both
               real, imminent threats and potential threats posed by types of land use activities or other factors that
               currently are not impacting the site.


                                                                  26








                 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS: This field is a summary of the major issues and factors that
                 should be considered in management of the site for its biodiversity and natural heritage resource values.
                 As a rule, generalized recommendations are provided based on potential threats identified during the
                 survey work. The expertise of inventory biologists familiar with each site, as well as input from DNH
                 natural areas program biologists has been utilized in preparing these recommendations. However, within
                 the context of a relatively short-term (one year) inventory effort on large sites, it may be difficult to
                 identify highly specific management strategies. In addition, the management needs of some natural
                 heritage elements are so obscure that additional study by experts may be needed. In many cases,
                 monitoring of natural heritage elements or site factors is recommended to determine the best long-term
                 management practices. In all cases, if land use changes or specific high-impact actions are proposed
                 within a site's boundary, consultation with DNH staff is recommended to assess impacts on the natural
                 heritage resources.

                 PROTECTION RECOMMENDATIONS: A summary of the actions and priority needed to ensure long-
                 term protection of the site and its elements is provided.

                 REFERENCES: Pertinent literature and sources cited within the site report are listed.

                 SITE MAP: The site map, drawn on a copy of the USGS 7.5' quad(s), shows the preliminary
                 conservation planning boundary which contains all known element occurrences and the land determined
                 to be important for long-term maintenance of the elements. The following factors are considered when
                 drawing these boundaries:

                 - the extent of current and potential habitat for rare species and exemplary natural communities;

                 - species movement and migration corridors;

                 - maintenance of surface water quality within the site and the surrounding watershed;

                 - maintenance of the hydrologic integrity of groundwater resources;

                 - land intended to mitigate a wide variety of off-site impacts;

                 - land or activities necessary. to preclude or minimize exotic species; and

                 - land necessary for management activities, e.g. prescribed burning.

                 The boundaries are intended for conservation planning purposes and, at the very least, should prevent
                 inadvertent damage to the natural areas.

                 ELEMENT LOCATION MAPS: Maps showing the exact location of each element occurrence within
                 a site are included following the Site Map. In the case of animal elements, which are often highly mobile
                 organisms, the maps indicate where actual collections were made and/or specimens were observed. These
                 location maps are intended to provide resource managers, and landowners with requisite site-specific
                 information. However, since rare species are often sensitive to disturbance or may be sought out by
                 collectors, we strongly recommend that this information not be shared with the general public or with
                 persons not directly involved in the stewardship of these sites.


                                                                    27











                                                     COLEMAN'S MILL BOG



               SIZE: ca. 14.2 acres                                                      BIODIVERSITY RANK: B3


               LOCALITY: Caroline County

               QUADRANGLE: Ruther Glen                                             QUADRANGLE CODE: 3707784

               LOCATION: Acidic hillside seepages along a powerline right of way at the crossing of two unnamed
               tributaries of Polecat Creek, from 0.6 to 1.0 miles ESE of Coleman's Mill Crossing.

                                    NATURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES SUMMARY TABLE


                                               GLOBAL             STATE                   VA           ELEMENT
                                               RARITY             RARITY     USFWS        LEGAL        OCCURRENCE
               ELEMENT NAME                    RANK               RANK        STATUS      STATUS       RANK




               Plants:
               Juncus caesafiensis             G2                S2          C2           C            C
                  New Jersey rush

               Sarracenia purpurea             G5               S2S3                                   BC
                  Northern pitcher-plant

               Animals:
               Argin b@punduWa                 G4               S2S3                                   C
                  seepage dancer


               SITE DESCRIPTION:           This site encompasses two small acidic hillside seepages near the head of an
               unnamed tributary of Polecat Creek. Crossing the seeps is a powerline right of way, which appears to
               be kept open by periodic bushhogging. Slopes within the site boundary have gentle to moderately steep
               inclinations. The substrate at this site ranges from sand to sandy muck.

               Areas along the powerline right of way appear to be bushhogged on a rotational basis with more recently
               or thoroughly cut areas being dominated by light demanding herbs such as twisted yellow-eyed-grass
               (Xyiis torta), tall nutrush (Scleria friglomerata), Canadian St. John's-wort (Hypericum canadense),
               Maryland meadow-beauty (Rhexia mailana), Virginia meadow-beauty (R. virginica), brownish beakrush
               (Rhynchospora capitellata), slender beakrush (R. gracilenta), bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomerata),
               hairy umbrella-sedge (Fuirena squarrosa), and southern bog clubmoss (Lycopodiella appressa). Those
               areas not recently cut or left uncut are dominated by woody species, including red maple (Acer rubrwn),
               sweet-bay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana), sweet pepper-bush (Clethra alnifolia), and withe-rod
               (Viburnwn nudwn). Other rushes (Juncus spp.) which could be confused with J. caesariensis are present
               at this site, most notably Canada rush (J. canadensis) which is very similar morphologically. Mosses
               (Sphagnum sp.) and greenbriar (Smilax sp.) are also common at this site. Three watchlist plants were also



                                                                  28








                    recorded from this area including thyme-leaf pinweed (Lechea minor), hairy pinweed (Lechea mucronata),
                    and wild ipecac (Euphorbia ipecacuanhae).

                    Approximately 250-300 fertile ramets of New Jersey rush were seen in a ca. 6 x 30 m area. Fertile
                    ramets were in bud, Hower or early fruit. Many of the plants appeared to be quite small, possibly as a
                    result of bushhogging earlier in the growing season. Two subpopulations of the northern pitcher plant
                    were noted in the two adjacent seepage areas within the site. The northernmost subpopulation contained
                    greater than 100 clumps within a ca. 0.5 acre area, including numerous ramets in flower or fruit. The
                    southernmost subpopulation contains greater than 50 clumps within a ca. 6 x 12 m area, and only one
                    flowering/fruiting ramet was seen.

                    Open sphagnous areas and wet depressions caused by the collection of water in naturaldepressions and
                    on occasion tire tracks serve as breeding habitat for the state-rare seepage dancer (Argia bipunctulata).
                    As many as 20 of these animals were seen during several site visits in 1994. This brightly colored yet
                    inconspicuous damselfly is closely associated with open acidic seepage habitats and bogs usually with
                    abundant sphagnum, thus it has a highly localized distribution throughout its range. Individuals of this
                    species generally feed and travel among emergent vegetation and typically perch on vertical stems within
                    open habitats (Dunkle, 1990). This species is known from several other acidic seepage habitats within
                    Caroline County, Virginia.

                    BOUNDARY JUSTIMCATION:                  The boundary (Fig. 3)   includes the catchment basin contributing
                    to and including the acidic seepage habitats and a small downstream buffer. Open habitats containing both
                    rare plant species and breeding habitat for the rare damselfly are included within the boundary.

                    THREATS:        Threats to the long-term survival of the rare plant and animal species at this site include
                    alteration of the local hydrology, possibly timber harvest directly upstream of the site (possibly
                    contributing to siltation), and direct impacts to the wetlands from ditching, filling, and off-road vehicle
                    use. Excessive flooding due to the accumulation of rocks, culverts or other such materials at vehicular
                    stream crossings may negatively impact the rare species at this site. Both rare plant species are light
                    demanding and require open habitats, and thus may be threatened by succession of woody vegetation and
                    subsequent canopy closure.

                    MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS:                            Prescribed burning is the preferred method for
                    maintaining the open character of this site and reducing competition from woody species, and should be
                    carried out during the early growing season on a 2-3 yeaf rotational basis. Alternative methods to
                    prescribed burning include manual removal of vegetation, bushhogging, and herbicide applied directly
                    to woody plant species. Herbicides should not be used in a generalized application at this site.
                    Bushhogging should be done prior to the growing season to reduce negative impacts to the New Jersey
                    rush and northern pitcher plant populations..A long-term monitoring plan should be implemented at this
                    site including pre- and post-treatment census of rare plant populations.

                    If land use (particularly hydrological) or management practices change within the site boundary, consult
                    with DNH staff to avoid negative impacts to the natural heritage resources. Periodic censusing of the rare
                    odonate population at the site is recommended.

                    PROTECTION RECOMMENDATIONS: This site merits a high level of protection because of the
                    presence of a globally rare federal candidate species and two state-rare species. Protection measures
                    should include implementation of management recommendations and contacting landowners and land

                                                                        29








              managers within and adjacent to the site to educate them and work cooperatively toward a successful
              long-term management plan for the site.

              REFERENCES:


              Dunkle, Sidney W. 1990. Damselflies of Florida, Bermuda, and the Bahamas. Gainesville, Fla. -
              Washington, D.C.: Scientific Publishers.

              Ware, Donna M.E. 1991. New Jersey Rush (Juncus caesariensis). pp. 85-86 -in McDonald, J.N. and T.
              Skware, editors. Virginia's Endangered Species: Proceedings of a Symposium/coordinated by Karen
              Terwilliger. Blacksburg, Va.: The McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company.








































                                                              30














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                              Figure 3. Coleman's Mill Bog
                                        Conservation Planning Boundary
                                        Ruther Glen USGS 7.5' Quad

                                                  i krn
















                                                                                           31
















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                              Figure 4. Coleman's Mill Bog
                                         Location of Juncus caesariensis
                                         Ruther Glen USGS 7.5' Quad
                                                    I Y, rn














                                                                                                32













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                            Figure 5. Coleman's Mill Bog
                                      Location of Sarracenia purpurea
                                      Ruther Glen USGS 7.5' Quad
                                             I km-
                                                                                                      @i7
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                                                                                       33











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                                     Figure 6. Coleman's Mill Bog
                                                 Location of Argia bipunctulata
                                                 Ruther Glen LISGS 7.5' Quad












                                                                                                          34





               SIZE: ca. 32 acres                   LOWER POLECAT CREEK                   BIODIVERSITY RANK: B5

               LOCALITY: Caroline County

               QUADRANGLE: Penola                                                    QUADRANGLE CODE: 3707783

               LOCATION: Portion of Polecat Creek and adjacent bottomland and upland forest along the north bank,
               west and east of the Route 301 bridge. The area is approximately 2.5 km ESE of Penola.

                                                GLOBAL           STATE                     VA            ELEMENT
                                                RARrrY           RARrrY        USFWS        LEGAL        OCCURRENCE
               ELEMENT NAME                      RANK            RANK          STATUS       STATUS       RANK


               Eutrophic seasonally flooded                                                              CD
                               forest


               SITE DESCRIPTION:            This site encompasses a section of bottomland along Polecat Creek, which
               supports a significant stand of mature basket oak-sweet gum (Quercus michauxii-Liquidambar styraciflua)
               forest, classified as eutrophic seasonally flooded forest. The significance of the stand is in its maturity,
               and the size of the canopy trees: 2.5 to 3 feet diameter, and many 100-120 feet tall. Generally in
               Virginia's Coastal Plain, few other bottomland sites have escaped both logging and beaver disturbance
               long enough to develop 150+ year old near-climax condition forest of the type found at this site. Other
               tree species within the stand include sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and willow oak (Quercusphellos).
               Dominant species in the understory are red maple (Acer rubrum), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica),
               river birch (Betula nigra), American holly (Rex opaca), and American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana).
               Herbaceous species in the stand include greater bladder sedge (Carex intwnescens), wood-reed (Cinna
               arundinacea), starved aster (Aster lateriflorus), and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicerajaponica).

               BOUNDARY JUSTIFICATION:                  Primary and secondary boundaries include adjacent bottomland
               corridor and a 100 foot buffer to protect the hydrologic regime associated with the community, and give
               some protection from wind damage. Recommended protection boundaries for this site are shown in Figure
               7.

               THREATS: Logging within or around the site boundary is considered the primary threat to the quality
               of this community. However, water quality and maintaining the current hydrological regime within the
               site should also be considered. Beavers are active within this portion of Polecat Creek and their expansion
               into this site should be considered a threat to the integrity of this community.

               MANAGEAVENT RECONRdENDATIONS: Work with landowners to develop a management plan
               which provides for the maintenance of this site, and protection of the exemplary natural community.
               Avoid timber harvest, and monitor the condition of the community periodically. Continue water quality
               monitoring within the drainage. Monitor beaver activity in the vicinity of this site and implement control
               measures if necessary.





                                                                   35








               PROTECTION RECOMMENDATIONS:                    This site warrants protection because of the exemplary
               stand of near-climax condition forest classified as eutrophic seasonally flooded forest. Work with
               landowners to avoid timber harvest or degradation of the site.

               REFERENCES:
               Hammerson, Geoffrey A. 1994. Beaver (Castor canadensis): Ecosystem Alterations, Management, and
               Monitoring. pp. 44-57 in Natural Areas Journal, Vol. 14, No.l. Natural Areas Association, Rockford,
               Illinois.

























































                                                                36















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                              Figure 7. Lower Polecat Creek
                                          Conservation Planning Boundary
                                          Penola USGS 7.51 Quad












                                                                                                    37











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                   Figure 8. Lower Polecat Creek
                          Location of Eutrophic Seasonally Flooded Forest
                          Penola USGS 7.5' Quad
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                                                              38











                                                      PENOLA BOTTOMLAND


                SIZE: ca. 38 acres                                                          BIODIVERSITY RANK: B5


                LOCALYFY: Caroline County

                QUADRANGLE: Penola                                                    QUADRANGLE CODE: 3707783

                LOCATION: Approximately 0.4 to 1.0 km SSW to WSW of Penola along Polecat Creek. Site begins
                upstream of county route 601 bridge and extends downstream of the bridge approximately 0.4 km



                                     NATURAL HER17FAGE RESOURCES SUMMARY TABLE


                                                 GLOBAL           STATE                      VA          ELEMENT
                                                 RARITY           RARITY       USFWS         LEGAL       OCCURRENCE
                ELEMENT NAME                     RANK             RANK         STATUS       STATUS       RANK


                ANIMALS:
                Macromia iflinoiensis            G5T5             S2                                     C
                                georgina
                        Georgia river cruiser
                Somatochlora flosa               G5               S2                                     C
                        fine-lined emerald


                SrM DESCREMON:              The site consists of a portion of Polecat Creek east and west of the Route 601
                bridge near Penola, Virginia. Much of the area is second or third growth bottomland forest with some
                older, more mature trees scattered throughout. Backwaters and flooded forested depressions were
                encountered primarily on the south side of the creek within the site. Emergent vegetation was abundant
                in backwaters and open stretches of the creek in the downstream portion of the site. Substrate within the
                site consists of sand and sandy mud, and the creek bed was primarily sand with detritus accumulations
                and slower moving sections holding a mucky substrate. Uplands bordering the site have canopy dominants
                of river birch (Betula nigra), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red maple (Acer rubrum), and green
                ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) with some scattered loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and Virginia pine (Pinus
                Wrginiana). Catbriar (Smilax rotundifolla) was noted as an important component of the shrub layer, while
                wood-reed (CYnna arundinacea) and sedges in the genus Carex were dominant in the herbaceous layer.

                BOUNDARY JUSTHICATION: Primary and secondary boundaries include a portion of bottomland
                and adjacent upland habitat downstrewn of the Route 601 bridge, and a small portion of bottomland
                upstream of the bridge. This boundary includes a recommended buffer zone to protect water quality and
                maintain current habitat within the site. Figure 9 shows the recommended conservation boundary for this
                site.


                THREATS:        Disturbance of the hydrologic regime within or surrounding the site may have negative
                impacts on natural heritage resources. Beaver populations within the drainage may alter the hydrology
                of the area, significantly impacting aquatic habitats used by rare odonates present at this site. Water
                quality is considered the most important factor in maintaining populations of rare odonates within the site.



                                                                    39








                 Although not currently a threat within the Polecat Creek drainage, the spread of the gypsy moth
                 (Lymantria dispar) and consequent use of pesticides containing. chitin inhibitors (notably Dimilin) may
                 pose a threat to the long-term survival of these species.

                 AL4NAGEMENT RECONEWENDATIONS:                      Periodic census of the odonate populations at this site
                 is recommended to determine status and abundance. Monitor beaver activities within the area and
                 implement control measures if necessary. Continue to monitor water quality in Polecat Creek and work
                 with landowners to ensure maintenance of the forest cover and hydrologic regime within the site. If the
                 gypsy moth becomes a factor in the drainage, the use of Dimilin should be discouraged within or
                 upstream of the site.

                 PROTECTION RECOMMEENDATIONS: Work with landowners to secure protection for the species
                 at this site and develop a long term management plan which will ensure the species' survival. Implement
                 management recommendations noted above, and consult with DNH regarding changes in land use or
                 management practices.

                 REFERENCES:
                 Dunkle, Sidney W. 1989 Dragonflies of the Florida Peninsula, Bermuda, and the Bahamas. Gainesville,
                 Fla. - Washington D.C.: Scientific Publishers.

































                                                                   40












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                              Figure 9. Penola bottorniand
                                         Conservation Planning Boundary
                                         Penola USGS 7.5' Quad
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                                                                                                41















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                                  Figure     10.    Penola bottomland
                                              Location of Macromia fflinoiensis georgina
                                               Penola USGS 7.5' Quad


                                                                                                                                                                 N






                                                                                                         42















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                                Figure    11. Penola bottorniand
                                            Location of Somatochlora filosa
                                            Penola USGS 7.51 Quad


                                                                                                                                                      N






                                                                                                   43







 0
















                    V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS


 0











 0                            44









               A total of six element occurrences were found within the Polecat Creek drainage in the course of the
               Natural Heritage Inventory. These included one globally rare plant, a state rare plant, three state rare
               odonates; (dragonflies and damselflies), and one natural community. A historic occurrence of low water-
               milfail (Myriophyllwn hwnile) is known from Lake Caroline. The lake was briefly surveyed in 1993, and
               is currently thought to be too eutrophic to support a population of this species. However, this species
               could potentially occur as a remnant population in areas of the lake which have not been heavily
               eutrophied (e.g. stream input areas). Dwarf chinquapin oak Quercus prinoides) is known from the
               drainage divide near Petross, but was not encountered in those areas surveyed in 1994 and 1995.

               As a result of the Natural Heritage Inventory of the Polecat Creek drainage, three conservation sites were
               proposed to protect the rare species and significant communities within them. Two rare plants (Juncus
               caesariensis, Sarracenia purpurea) and one rare odonate (Argia bipunctulata) were documented at the
               Coleman's Mill Bog Conservation Site. Two rare odonates (Macromia illinoiensis georgina, Somatochlora
               filosa) were documented from the Penola Bottomland Conservation Site. One exemplary natural
               community (eutrophic seasonally flooded forest) was documented at the Lower Polecat Creek conservation
               site.


               In addition, several watchlist species were recorded from various areas within the Polecat Creek
               watershed. Appendix B summarizes watchlist species found during this inventory.































                                                                  45






 0















        VI. SUMMARY OF PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
 0                  RECOMMENDATIONS







 0
                            46









                Six natural heritage element occurrences were documented within the Polecat Creek watershed. For the
                most part, the protection and management activities required to maintain the viability of these occurrences
                should have little significant impact on the overall land use within the watershed. lbrough careful
                planning and early consultation with DNH staff when specific actions are proposed, most potential
                conflicts can be avoided or resolved.

                Potential threats to element occurrences, along with site-specific protection and management
                recommendations, are detailed for each of the three conservation sites described in this report. The
                conservation planning boundary drawn for each site should alert resource managers, landowners and
                planning agencies to the need for special planning when certain types of potentially threatening actions
                are proposed within these areas. Additional management activities needed to control biotic threats (e.g.
                beavers, gypsy moth) or to maintain habitat conditions (e.g. prescribed burning) are outlined when
                appropriate.

                All of the rare species and the exemplary community listed in this report are associated with wetland
                habitats (streams, seeps) fed by somewhat nutrient-poor groundwater seepage and streams. In most cases,
                maintenance of requisite habitat conditions requires protection of upslope hydrologic recharge zones and
                sufficient buffer to ensure the quality and quantity of both groundwater seepage and surface water. These
                considerations are strongly reflected in the conservation planning boundary location and specific
                recommendations for most of the sites.

                In this section, protection and management recommendations are summarized on an element-by-element
                basis. As a rule, recommendations are based on actual and potential threats identified during the survey
                work. It may be difficult, however, to identify highly specific management strategies because of time
                constraints and the focus on inventory during this type of study. In the case of a few natural heritage
                resources, management needs may be so obscure or complex that additional research is needed. In many
                cases, monitoring of element occurrences is recommended to determine the best long-term management
                practices. In all cases, if land use changes or specific high-impact actions are proposed within a site's
                boundary, consultation with DNH staff is recommended to assess impacts on the natural heritage
                resources.


                COMMUNITIES:

                Element name: Eutrophic Seasonally Flooded Forest

                One occurrence of this exemplary community was documented within the watershed, at the Lower Polecat
                Creek conservation site. The significance of the stand is in its maturity, and the size of the canopy trees:
                2.5 to 3 feet diameter, and many 100-120 feet tall. Generally in Virginia's Coastal Plain, few other
                bottomland sites- have escaped both logging and beaver disturbance long enough to develop 150 + year
                old near-climax condition forest of the type found at this site. Management recommendations include
                working with landowners to develop a management plan which provides for the maintenance of this site,
                and protection of the exemplary natural community. Avoid timber harvest, and monitor the condition of
                the community periodically. Continue water quality monitoring within the drainage. Monitor beaver
                activity in the vicinity of this site and implement control measures if necessary.





                                                                     47










                 PLANTS:


                 Element name: Juncus caesariensis
                 Common name: New Jersey rush
                 Global/state ranks: G2/S2
                 Legal status: federal and state candidate for listing

                 This globally rare species has a limited and irregular range in boggy habitats from New Jersey to
                 Virginia, with outlying disjunctions in Nova Scotia and the mountains of North Carolina. One occurrence
                 was reverified within the watershed during this inventory. This plant is a light-demanding species which
                 requires open, usually sphagnous, groundwater-saturated habitats. This occurrence is interesting because
                 of its location within a powerline right of way, and because management needs may be somewhat
                 different from other sites where this species occurs. Flooding from blockages at vehicular road crossings,
                 and direct disturbance of individual plants are considered the main threats at this site. Secondary threats
                 include hydrologic perturbations from upslope timber harvests and road construction. Protection and
                 management needs include the removal of debris obstructing the flow of seepages within the powerline
                 right of way; and avoidance of timber harvests, road construction, and other activities which could
                 adversely affect the hydrologic stability of the habitat. Monitoring of this species before and after
                 treatment is recommended to determine the effectiveness of management techniques.


                 Element name: Sarraceniapurpurea
                 Common name: northern pitcher-plant
                 Global/state ranks: G5/S2S3
                 This species is a characteristic plant of bogs in southern Canada and the north-central and northeastern       0
                 United States, extending south along the Coastal Plain to Louisiana. The plants of Caroline County,
                 Virginia belong to var. purpurea, the northern phase of the species, which reaches its southernmost limits
                 in Virginia. One occurrence has been documented within the watershed at the Coleman's Mill Bog
                 conservation site. Prescribed burning is the recommended method of management at this site, although
                 other methods such as manual removal of woody vegetation (possibly with direct application of herbicides
                 to woody species) and bushhogging may be used as secondary management methods. In addition, upslope
                 timber harvests, road construction (especially across the seepage habitat), and other potential sources of
                 hydrologic perturbation should be avoided. Further monitoring of this species (pre- and post-treatment)
                 is recommended to ensure the survival of this population, and monitor success of management practices.

                 ANIMALS:


                 Element name: Argia bipunctulata
                 Common name: seepage dancer
                 Global/state ranks: G4S2

                 One occurrence of this damselfly (ca. 20 individuals) was documented within the watershed, in the
                 Coleman's Mill Bog conservation site. The seepage dancer is locally distributed within a wide range
                 which includes much of the southeastern United States. Protection and management of this species' open,
                 seepage-influenced habitat at Coleman's Mill Bog should include the avoidance of upslope timber
                 harvests, road construction, and other hydrologic perturbations. Open conditions at the site appear to be


                                                                    48









               maintained, at least in the past, by periodic bushhogging of the site. Baseline monitoring of the population
               and vegetation management of this site are recommended to ensure long-term survival of this population.

               Element name: Macromia Winoiensis geoTina
               Common name: Georgia river cruiser
               Global/state ranks: G5T5/SIS2


               One occurrence of this dragonfly (a single teneral male) was documented within the watershed, in the
               Penola Bottomland conservation site. 'Mis species is fairly common throughout its range. However, the
               subspecies M. i. georgina is relatively uncommon in Virginia, occupying medium to large, generally
               slow-moving streams and rivers in Virginia's Coastal Plain and southern Piedmont. Protection and
               management recommendations for this species include maintaining water quality within the drainage, and
               monitoring of the population to determine status and abundance.


               Element name: Somatochloraflosa
               Common name: fine-lined emerald
               Global/state ranks: G5/S2


               One occurrence of this dragonfly (a single adult male) was documented within the watershed, in the
               Penola Bottomland conservation site. This species is rare in Virginia, and occurs primarily within the
               southeastern portion of the state. This occurrence represents the northernmost known locality for this
               species in Virginia. Dunkle (1989) reports that this species breeds in sheet flow swamp thickets and
               backwaters of slow-moving streams. The habitat where this species was documented is a slow-moving
               portion of Polecat Creek with abundant emergent vegetation, in proximity to backwater pools and flooded
               forested depressions. Although no evidence of reproduction was documented, the habitat at the collection
               site appears to be similar to breeding habitats at other locations in Virginia where this species has been
               documented. Protection and management recommendations include periodic census of odonate populations
               to determine presence/absence, number of individuals, etc.; continue water quality monitoring and work
               toward a long-term management plan for the site at which this species occurs.





















                                                                    49







 0
















              VII. INFORMATION SOURCE REFERENCES


 0













                              50









               Braun, E.L. 1950. Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America. New York: Hafner Publishing
               Company.

               Conant, R. and J.T. Collins. 199 1. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North
               America. Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Mass.
               450 pp.

               Dunkle, Sidney W. 1989. Dragonflies of the Florida Peninsula, Bermuda, and the Bahamas. Gainesville,
               Fla. - Washington, D.C.: Scientific Publishers.

               Dunkle, Sidney W. 1990. Damselflies of Florida, Bermuda, and the Bahamas. Gainesville, Fla.-
               Washington, D.C.: Scientific Publishers.

               Fennemann, N.M. 1938. Physiography of Eastern United States. New York: McGray-Hill Book
               Company.

               Harnmerson, Geoffrey A. 1994. Beaver (Castor canadensis): Ecosystem Alterations, Management, and
               Monitoring. pp. 44-57 in Natural Areas Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1. Natural Areas Association, Rockford,
               Illinois.


               Hoppe, Diane A. S. and David L. Jones. 1989. Soil Survey of Essex County, Virginia. U.S.D.A., Soil
               Conservation Service in cooperation with Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

               Lillywhite, Donald P. and Kirsten Niemann. 1993. Population Projections 2010. Virginia Employment
               Commission, Richmond.

               Mixon, R.B., C.R. Berquist, Jr., W.L. Newell and G.H. Johnson. 1989. Geologic Map and Generalized
               Cross Sections of the Coastal Plain and Adjacent Parts of the Piedmont, Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey
               in cooperation with Virginia Division of Mines, Minerals and Energy. USGS Miscellaneous Investigations
               Services Map 1-2033.

               Rader, E.K., and N.H. Evans, editors, 1993, Geologic map of Virginia - expanded explanation: Virginia
               Division of Mineral Resources, 80 p.

               Thompson, Michael T. 1991. Forest Statistics for the Coastal Plain of Virginia, 1991. U.S. Forest
               Service Resource Bulletin SE 122. Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC.

               Ware, Donna M.E. 1991. New Jersey Rush (Juncus caesariensis). pp. 85-86 in McDonald, J.N. and T.
               Skware, editors; Virginia's Endangered Species: Proceedings of a Symposium/coordinated by Karen
               Terwilliger. Blacksburg, Va.: The McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company.

               Woodward, Susan L. and Richard L. Hofftnan. 1991. The Nature of Virginia. pp. 23-50 in McDonald,
               J.N. and T. Skware, editors. Virginia's Endangered Species: Proceedings of a Symposium/Coordinated
               by Karen Terwilliger. Blacksburg, Va.: The McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company.





                                                                  51







 0















              SECTION Il. A MARK RECAPTURE STUDY
  0                OF ELLIPTIO COMPLANATA







 0
                              52











                INTRODUCTTON

                The Polecat Creek drainage encompasses approximately 30,000 acres in south-central Caroline County,
                Virginia. As part of a combined inventory and monitoring project, DCR-DNH was contracted by CBLAD
                to identify and mark three populations of the eastern elliptio (Elliptio complanata) within the watershed.
                Initially, populations were identified at three distinct sites (gauge stations B,D,E) within the watershed.
                Unfortunately, the site located furthest downstream (site E) was inundated and subsequently destroyed
                by beaver activity during the Fall of 1994. Consequently, only two sites (sites B and D) were marked for
                future study.

                Prior to this study, only one mussel species was reported from the watershed. Stevenson (1994) found
                Elliptio complanata at three of four proposed gauging station sites that he surveyed (Stevenson, 1994).
                Of particular interest is the absence of the introduced asian clam (Corbiculafluminea). This species is
                well established in other tributaries of the Mattaponi River. Ile federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel
                (Alasmidonta heterodon) has been found in the Mattaponi River drainage, and although potential habitat
                for the species exists in Polecat Creek and its tributaries, this species has not been recorded here.
                Stevenson (1994) reported that favorable conditions for several other species including the triangle floater
                (Alasmidonta undulata), yellow lance (Elliptio lanceolata), and squawfoot (Strophitus undulatus) exist
                within the watershed, although they were not recorded during his surveys.

                Polecat Creek and its tributaries lie partly within the Piedmont and partly within the Coastal Plain.
                Substrates and soils characteristic of both regions can be found within the watershed. Stevenson (1994)
                speculated that this geographic location may be a cause for the lack of several species which tend to occur
                in the Piedmont. In western portions of the watershed, stream habitats typify those of the Piedmont with
                generally more coarse substrates and higher flow rates. In eastern portions of the watershed, stream
                habitats are more Coastal Plain in character with more sandy substrates, and slower moving water.

                Water quality within Polecat Creek seems to be fairly good, with clear to moderately turbid waters
                depending on nutrient input, siltation, and recharge rates. The water is often tea-colored, due to excessive
                amounts of tannins from decaying vegetation. Several tributaries of Polecat Creek, including Stevens Mill
                Run, seem to have slightly more turbid waters, and typically are silt-laden even in areas with moderately
                high flow rates. Beaver populations, which seem to be quite vigorous, also impact water quality and flow
                rates, sometimes directly affecting mussel populations. With increased beaver activity, silt loads and flow
                rates are expected to fluctuate greatly. Toxic spills, including petroleum products, have been documented
                within the watershed particularly in proximity to Interstate 95. These inputs may drastically impact mussel
                and fish populations in the short-term, and with repeated spills, long-term affects can be expected.

                A major portion of the Polecat Creek watershed is designated as primary growth area in the Caroline
                County comprehensive plan. Significant urban development activity is expected in the area within the next
                ten years. Monitoring water quality and the effects of urban development on populations of freshwater
                mussels is a primary objective of this mark-recapture study, and with data collected from water quality
                monitoring stations at five sites within the drainage, the effects of toxic spills, increased sediment loads,
                and other by-products of urbanization can be monitored closely.

                This report summarizes the preliminary results, materials and methods used, descriptions of study sites,
                and comparison of preliminary results with those of other researchers.



                                                                     53










                MATERIAIS AND MEMODS


                Populations of freshwater mussels were identified at two distinct sites (gauging stations B and D) within
                the watershed. These sites were chosen based on the presence of mussels reported during previous
                surveys (Stevenson, 1994), and available natural or man-made barriers effectively isolating these
                populations for study.

                Site B consisted of an approximately section of Stevens Mill Run which began approximately 13 meters
                downstream of the County Route 601 bridge and continued to the second of two bedrock ledges
                approximately 90 meters downstream.

                Site D consisted of an approximately 750 meter section of Polecat Creek from Interstate 95 downstream
                to a bedrock ledge 10 meters upstream of the County Route 652 bridge.

                The primary survey method employed was aquascoping using five gallon buckets with clear plexiglass
                bottoms. Mussels were easily observed in the substrate using this technique. Handpicking and searching
                sandbars for discarded and dead shells were additional techniques used to locate specimens where
                applicable. Another technique which was not used during these surveys is searching muskrat middens.
                No muskrat middens were observed along those areas of the streams surveyed. Each site was thoroughly
                and systematically searched over four consecutive days.

                All individual mussels observed were removed from the substrate, cleaned, dried and uniquely marked
                using individually numbered, plasticized paper tags. All tags were fixed to the right valve of the shell
                (anterior end) using Superglue brand adhesive; some individuals were double-tagged on opposite sides
                of the shell at site B. Once the adhesive had dried, mussels were returned to the approximate vicinity of
                their -capture and placed in the proper orientation in the substrate. Mussels spent a maximum of 1.5 hours
                out of the water while allowing the glue to completely set.

                Dial calipers were used to record measurements of shell length, height and width for each individual
                animal (see Figure 12 for measurements taken). Data on sex, age and reproductive condition were not
                recorded for individuals marked during this survey. Size data collected for all mussels is presented in
                Appendix C.

                SITE DESCREMONS


                The survey area at site B provided a variety of suitable habitats for mussels including riffle, run, and pool
                areas with sand and gravel substrates interspersed with cobble and some bedrock. Stevens Mill Run at
                this site is a moderately small stream, from four to seven meters wide, and ranging from 0. 1 - 1 .0 meters
                in depth. Run type habitats were of moderate depths and typically held sand or gravel substrates. Riffle
                habitats were more shallow, and substrates were typically a sand and gravel mixture. Pool habitats were
                generally deeper and held primarily sand and cobble substrates with higher sediment loads. Water quality
                at this site was good, but somewhat more turbid and with a higher sediment load than the Polecat Creek
                site.

                The survey area at site D provided similar habitats to those at site B, although this site contained
                comparatively larger quantities of these habitats. Polecat Creek within this site was approximately four
                to eight meters wide with depths ranging from approximately 0. 1 m to nearly one meter in the deepest
                pools. Riffle habitats were generally shallow and contained mostly gravel and sand substrates. However,

                                                                     54









                those areas of riffle in the downstream sections of the site were noticeably more rocky with a greater
                component of cobble interspersed with pockets of sand and gravel. Riffle habitats occurring where
                bedrock protruded from the banks were somewhat deeper than others. Run type habitats, found primarily
                in the middle stretches of the site, were of moderate depths and generally had sand, gravel or mixed
                sand/gravel substrates. Pool habitats were relatively common in areas where beaver had impounded the
                stream. Substrates in these areas were silty or sandy in composition. Several small stretches of generally
                unsuitable habitat had bedrock or clay substrates. Water quality was noticeably better at this site than at
                site B with clear to slightly turbid water, except in those areas impacted by beaver.

                RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

                A total of 356 eastern elliptio was captured and marked at site B. Mussel densities were extremely high
                at this site compared to site D; all individuals were captured in an approximately 90 meter section of the
                Stevens Mill Run. Additionally, two species of native freshwater mussels previously unrecorded from the
                watershed were encountered at this site, including one adult squawfoot (Strophitus undulatus), and 11
                eastern floater (Pyganadon cataracta). Several recaptures of elliptio marked during fall 1994 were
                recorded at site B during further survey efforts in mid March, 1995. Of 83 individuals marked during
                1994, 38 were recaptured during March, 1995. Recapture data is provided in Appendix C.

                For analysis, all eastern elliptio were placed into size classes based on their length measurement. The
                smallest numbers of individuals fell into the 20-40 and 100-115 mm size classes with four each.
                Intermediate size classes of 40-55, 55-70, and 85-100 mm contained 19, 87, and 54 individuals,
                respectively. The largest number of individuals (188) fell into the 70-85 mm size class. Fifty-three percent
                of the population at this site was in the 70-85 mm size class. This suggests that the population is made
                up of primarily moderate-sized adult animals with relatively few juveniles and large adults. The size
                frequency distribution of the Stevens Mill Run population of eastern elliptio is presented in Figures 13
                and 14.


                The density of mussels observed in Stevens Mill Run greatly exceeds that reported by Stevenson (1994),
                and includes two additional species not found by him. Stevenson (1994) reported a total number of 32
                live mussels and 7 dead shells (all eastern elliptio) within a 600 m survey area which includes the entirety
                of our survey area, and a considerable amount of habitat both upstream and downstream of the area
                surveyed for this report. Differences in reported mussel density at this site may be attributable to the
                timing of surveys and total search effort. Stevenson (1994) conducted intensive surveys (107 minutes
                survey time) during early February, a period during which many mussels may have receded into the
                substrate or may have been concealed by leaf pack. Our surveys were considerably more time-consuming
                and intensive, and were conducted mostly during mid-March, when mussels may have been more active
                and several fairly recent rain events had flushed most of the leaf pack from the substrate.

                A total of 473 eastern elliptio was captured and marked at site D. Density of mussels at this site was
                much less than at site B considering the greater length of the survey area and availability of habitat. All
                individuals were eastern elliptio, and were distributed patchily throughout the habitat, with several areas
                containing high densities while others produced very low densities. Mussels were most common at this
                site in the middle reaches of the survey area in deeper riffles and rocky or gravelly and moderately deep
                run habitats. Areas with predominantly cobble or mixed cobble/sand/gravel substrates were the least
                productive, and those areas with clay. or bedrock substrates were only slightly more productive.

                Size classes used for analysis of this population were comparable to those used for site B, with slightly

                                                                     55








                 different distributions of individuals within them. The largest number of individuals (220) fell into the
                 55-70 mm class, while the smallest numbers of individuals were in the 20-40 and 100-115 mm classes
                 with one and two individuals, respectively. Intermediate size classes of 40-55, 70-85, and 85-100 nun             10
                 held 56, 167, and 27 individuals, respectively. Forty-seven percent of the population was in the 55-70
                 mm size class as opposed to 24% in this class at site B. This distribution within size classes is somewhat
                 different than in the population at site B. The large number of individuals in the 55-70 mm. size class
                 suggests a slightly younger overall population at this site, but may reflect environmental differences
                 between the sites such as food availability or water chemistry. It is possible that growth rates are different
                 between the two sites. However, this cannot be ascertained without age data. The size-frequency
                 distribution of the Polecat Creek population of eastern elliptio is presented in Figures 13 and 14.

                 The density of mussels reported from survey site D are also not consistent with those reported by
                 Stevenson (1994), who found only 132 individuals in 153 minutes of searching within a much greater
                 survey area (1020 m). Our survey area is totally within the area surveyed by Stevenson. Furthermore,
                 most of the mussels that he observed were found in the furthest downstream section of his survey area,
                 most of which is below the County Route 652 bridge (not included in our site). Our survey showed that
                 most of the mussels were found in the middle reaches of the site, well upstream of the bridge. Again,
                 the discrepancy could lie in the factors associated with different survey periods and total amount of survey
                 effort as mentioned for the previous site.


                 SUMMARY


                 Two populations of the eastern elliptio were identified and marked at two sites within the Polecat Creek
                 watershed. Several recaptures of elliptio marked during Fall 1994 were recorded at site B during further
                 survey efforts in late winter 1995. Three species were identified at site B, two of which had not been
                 previously documented within the watershed (Strophitus undulatus, Pyganadon cataracta). A total of 356
                 individual elliptio was captured and individually tagged at site B, with the largest percentage of the
                 population (53 %) in the 70-85 mm class size. At site D, a total of 473 elliptio was captured and
                 individually tagged. The largest percentage of this population (47%) fell in the 55-70 mm. size class,
                 possibly indicating a younger population than at site B. Mussel densities for both sites were considerably
                 greater than those reported by Stevenson (1994). Several environmental or biological factors could explain
                 these discrepancies in reported mussel densities.

                 Individually tagged mussels will be used to monitor overall population trends over the next ten years to
                 determine the effects of urbanization on the survival of these mussels. Further survey within the
                 watershed may reveal the presence of other species of mussels or new populations of species documented
                 here.


















                                                                       56











              REFERENCES:


              Stevenson, Philip H. 1994. A Survey of the Freshwater Mussel Fauna at Four Proposed Gauging Stations
              in Polecat Creek, Caroline County, Virginia. Submitted to: Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance
              Department, Richmond, VA. 7 pp.

              Hammerson, Geoffrey A. 1994. Beaver (Castor canadensis): Ecosystem Alterations, Management, and
              Monitoring. pp. 44-57 in Natural Areas Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1. Natural Areas Associaion, Rockford,
              Illinois.























































                                                              57


























                                                                             Vj           H


                                                                                          kn,




            LA






                                                       L@ENGTH

                                                                                                          H






                           10 cm






            Figure 12. Size measurements taken on Elliptio complanata















                       number of individuals
                  250


                                                  220


                  200 -                                   188

                                                              67


                  150





                  100---



                                        56                           54
                   50

                                                                         27
                                    19
                          4                                                      4 2
                    0-                                                         MEMOMMUM
                        20-40 40-55 55-70 70-85 85-100 100-115
                               Size classes of eastern elliptio

                                       Ml Site B         M Site D

               Figure 13. Frequency distribution histogram for sites B and D -- total
                          of individuals




                                                   59













                                                                                                                           Frequency of Individuals per of= class
                                                                                                                                      for poputation B











                                                                                                                                                              20-40 Ilk
                                                                                                                                                              IWIts 1%

                             percent of population
                         60
                                                                                                                                                ...... . . . . .
                                                                     53

                         so    - - -- - - ------- ... .. .... ...... --------- .... ..... . .... ........ . . ............................. .. ......... . ........ ........ ... . .................... ............


                         40   .. ......... . . . .... ........ ........ .... . .... . .. .......... . .... .............. ..............
                                                                         35                                    based on length sessinswasts


                         30    . ............. . .... .. . .... . ....... -.- ----- -------- -- ------------- ---.............. ....... ............. . ............. . .................
              ON                                        24

                         20           ... .... .. ...... - ---- ---- . .... ... . ....... .... ............... ....................................
                                                                                 is
                                                 12
                         10                  5                                        6                                   Frequency of individuals per size class
                                  '0'.'21                                                     1 0.42                                  for population D
                            0                                                               a ... ML- 1
                                20-40        40-55       55-70       70-85       85-100      100-115
                                                                                                                            33-70 47%
                                              Size  classes of eastern      elliptio

                                                        Site B         Site D                                                                             46-55 12%


                                                                                                                                                              20-400%
                      based on length measurements
                                                                                                                                                           95-104 6%
                                                                                                                               ...........









                                                                                                               baetd as lease% measanneals




        Figure 14. Frequency distribution histogram and pie charts for sites B and D             percent of population
        per size class







 0

















                      APPENDIX A


 0













 0




























                    A CLASSIFICATION OF VIRGINIA'S INDIGENOUS BIOTIC COMMUNITIES:
                 VEGETATED TERRESTRIAL, PALUSTRINE, AND ESTUARINE COMMUNITY CLASSES












                                                 by







                                         Thomas J. Rawinski






                                    Division of Natural Heritage
                             Department of Conservation and Recreation
                                        Main Street Station
                                  1500 E. Main Street, Suite 312
                                       Richmond, VA    23219












                             Natural Heritage Technical Report # 92-21

                                             May 1, 1992













                                                        CONTENTS


                                                                                                        Pa:,xe


                  INTRODUCTION  .................................................................          1


                  CLASSIFICATION PRINCIPLES AND METHODS      ........................................      1
                  The Terrestrial System     ......................................................        3
                  The Estuarine System    .........................................................        4
                  The Palustrine System    .........................................................       5

                  CONCLUDING REMARKS   ...........................................................         6


                  LITERATURE CITED  .............................................................          7


                  A KEY TO TERRESTRIAL COMMUNITY CLASSES      .......................................      8


                  A KEY TO ESTUARINE COMMUNITY CLASSES    .........................................        9

                  A KEY TO PALUSTRINE COMMUNITY CLASSES   .........................................      10


                  APPENDICES
                  Terrestrial System
                  TI: Character- species of the eutrophic forest class        ........................   13
                  T2: Conditional character- species of the permesotrophic forest class           ....... 14
                  T3: Conditional character- species of mesotrophic classes         ...................  15
                  T4: Conditional character- species of submesotrophic classes         ................  7
                  T5: Conditional character- species of oligotrophic classes         ..................  A

                  Estuarine System
                  El: Character- species of vegetated classes within the estuarine system           ..... 18

                  Palustrine System
                  Pl: Character- species of eutrophic saturated classes        .......................   19
                  P2: Conditional character- species of oligotrophic saturated classes          ......... 20
                  P3: Conditional character- species of eutrophic semipermanently flooded
                      classes  ................................................................          21
                  P4: Conditional character- species of oligotrophic semipermanently flooded
                      classes  ..........................  eu@r*o,
                  P5: Conditional character-species of                 seasonally flooded classes ..23
                  P6: Conditional character- species of oligotrophic seasonally flooded
                      classes  ............................................... .................         24
                  P7: Conditional character- species of the submergent/f loating- leaved class ..25













              INTRODUCTION:


                   The goal of this work is to create a framework for understanding and
              classifying Virginia's indigenous biotic communities. Achieving this goal has
              direct bearing on the success of the Division of Natural Heritage whose mission
              is to document the status, distribution, and ecology of native species and their
              habitats in the Commonwealth, protect these living resources by way of a system
              of natural area preserves, and provide information and technical advice to
              individuals, organizations, and agencies. Community classification and inventory
              represents a "coarse- filter" approach to biological conservation which secures
              the protection of a vast number of cryptic or poorly known species. Also, it
              brings needed attention to the aesthetic, scientific, and ecosystem function
              values of natural communities.     The present draft of the classification deals
              with communities supporting vascular plant species within the Terrestrial,
              Palustrine and Estuarine Systems.       It supplants appropriate sections of an
              earlier Division of Natural Heritage classification (Rawinski, 1990).



              CLASSIFICATION PRINCIPLES AND METHODS:


                   A classification system is an organized form of cataloging based on fixed
              principles. Community classifications vary widely, largely because principles
              vary in accord with classification purposes. The ultimate purpose of this effort
              is to name, describe, and differentiate Associations - the basic systematic
               nits.   Unfortunately, these units have not yet-been identified because of
              insufficient information. However, the upper levels of a hierarchy, described
              u

              here, will help partition the great diversity of the natural world into logical
              units; this in turn will help us identify and understand relationships among
              the Associations. The hierarchical levels within the final draft of the Virginia
              classification will likely be:

              SYSTEM
                CLASS
                  ALLIANCE
                     ASSOCIATION
                         SUBASSOCIATION.


                   Communities of life are inextricably associated with the physical
              environment, and ignoring edaphic -ecological factors when constructing a
              f9community" classification is difficult.     When classifications use biotic and
              abiotic factors to differentiate the basic systematic units (e.g. Reschke, 1990;
              Schafale and Weakley, 1990), these units are best characterized as "ecosystems",
              or "ecosystem units". In the Virginia classification, the basic systematic units
              - the Associations - will be differentiated entirely on the basis of their
              biological characteristics, with edaphic-ecological factors used in a
              complementary manner.      Consequently, this draft of the Virginia community
              classification does not require any prior formal or ad hoc classification of
              physiographic region, landform, or habitat.       It also avoids the use of terms
              such as bog, marsh, and fen in community names because such terms tend to vary
              in meaning, or reflect an ecosystem or landform approach to classification.
              Judging by my use of edaphic -ecological terms in Class names, one might assume









                  that an ecosystem or landform approach was used; this is not the case.         Ea
                  Class was defined on the basis of a spec        _floristic composition.   Ideal  16
                  the Classes should have been named using a few diagnostic plant taxa, but because
                  each Class encompassed many different kinds of vegetation, this was not: possible.
                      Unavoidably, this classification focuses on vegetation, but it should not
                  be viewed as simply a plant community classification. Among all forms of life,
                  vascular plants are the easiest to work with because they are large and
                  conspicuous, immotile, and superbly reflect subtle environmental conditions and
                  site history. Classifying plant communities is therefore the key to describing
                  and delimiting a full range of habitats utilized by animal and microbial life,
                  at least within the vegetated Terrestrial, Palustrine, and Estuarine Systems.
                  Principles of vegetation classification, namely those articulated by Westhoff
                  and van der Maarel (1973) in their discussion of the Braun-Blanquet approach to
                  community classification, are followed in the Virginia classification:
                  ï¿½ "Plant communities are conceived as types of vegetation, recognized by their
                    floristic composition. The full species compositions of communities bet..ter
                    express their relationships to one another and environment than any other
                    characteristic.

                  ï¿½ Amongst the species that make up the floristic composition of a community,
                    some are more sensitive expressions of a given relationship than others, For
                    practical classification (and indication of environment) the approach seeks
                    to use those species whose ecological relationships make them.most: effective
                    indicators; these are diagnostic species (character                differentia
                    species, and constant companions).                   . -species,              16
                  ï¿½ Diagnostic species are used to organize communities into a hiera.ehica
                    classification of which the association is the basic unit. The vast
                    information with which phytosociologists deal must, of necessity, be thus
                    organized; and the hierarchy is not merely necessary but invaluable for the
                    understanding and communication of community relationships that it makes
                    possible."
                       Character- species are more or less restricted to the stands of a given
                  abstract community type, and therefore characterize it and indicate its
                  environment (Westhoff and van der iaarel, 1973). These species may be used to
                  identify syntaxa (named communities) within several levels of a classification
                  hierarchy, from Subassociation to Class.        Use of character- species is an
                  extremely powerful tool in community classification, but very few plant species
                  show strong fidelity to a given syntaxon, and this fact has seemed to hinder
                  efforts to apply the Braun-Blanquet classification approach in eastern United
                  States where the influential work of Whittaker (1953, 1962) and others emphasized
                  continuous change in community composition along environmental gradients,
                  resulting from the individualistic nature of species populations.
                       Continuous compositional change along environmental gradients does not,
                  however, preclude the use of the Braun-Blanquet classification approach, and in
                  fact continuous and Predictablt compositional change can be used to great


                                                           2










              advantage.    As long as species response along environmental and community
              gradients is reasonably well understood, character-species and certain
              dif f erential- species may be used to classify communities. Differential -species
              are usually used to define only lower syntaxa (Westhoff and van der Maarel,
              1973), but I have broadened their use and meaning to define Class-level syntaxa.
              To reflect the broadened application of the dif ferential- species concept, I
              refer to these species as "conditional character- species". These plants closely
              resemble true character- species in their ability to identify various syntaxa,
              but their diagnostic ability is conditional on the absence of certain other
              species. Referring to these plants as nconditional character-species" and
              arranging them in a sequence reflecting a community gradient bring a more
              intuitive level of understanding to the classification approach, and facilitate
              the production of dichotomous keys.


              The Terrestrial Syste :

                   To generate Classes within the Terrestrial System, trophic (nutrient) regime
              was identified as a major environmental gradient affecting floristic composition
              and community gradients. Five trophic regime descriptors were selected:

              1) eutrophic
              2) permesotrophic
              3) mesotrophic
              4) submesotrophic, and
              5) oligotrophic.

              Using floras, published and unpublished community literature, specimen label
              data, plot data, personal knowledge of plant habitat preference, and interviews
              with a number of botanists, I first generated a list of those plants restricted
              to the richest soil environments. These are true character - species and they are,
              almost without exception, instantly diagnostic of eutrophic communities. This
              method of selecting diagnostic species was very similar to that used by Reed
              (1988) who reviewed many floras and consulted with experts to generate lists of
              plant species diagnostic of wetland conditions. When the eutrophic indicators
              are not oresent in_ a given stand, other plants, the "conditional character-
              species", may become diagnostic of permesotrophic communities. These species
              have diagnostic qualities only when the eutrophic indicators are absent. Note
              that permesotrophic indicators may occur within eutrophic communities, but
              eutrophic indicators cannot occur in permesotrophic communities; the response
              of species- populations along this community gradient is therefore unidirectional.

                   In the absence of both eutrophic and permesotrophic indicators, other plants
              become diagnostic of mesotrophic communities.       Similarly, in the absence of
              eutrophic, permesotrophic, and mesotrophic indicators, certain plants become
              diagnostic of submesotrophic communities.         Stands lacking the eutrophic,
              permesotrophic, mesotrophic, and submesotrophic indicators are classified as
              oligotrophic if any of the oligotrophic indicators are present.             Finally,
              anomalous stands lacking the oligotrophic indicators may be assigned to a given
              class using other factors, e.g. soils, or simply called "unclassified".



                                                        3







                                                                                                   0
                      Superimposed on the above trophic regime gradient is a light regime
                 gradient. For this reason the mesotrophic, submesotrophic, and oligotrophic
                 indicators were arranged by their relative shade tolerance. Stands containing
                 only shade tolerant species will likely be forests, while stands supporting
                 moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species will likely be woodland,
                 scrub, or herbaceous -dominated types. The exception to this rule is applied to
                 a short-term successional stage of vegetation resulting from infreguent or
                 unusual episodes of disturbance. For example, a blown-down forest now dominated
                 by blackberry should still be classified as forest despite the absence of trees.
                 While this may seem awkward, it is a pragmatic solution to a difficult
                 classification problem. Open-canopy vegetation maintained over the long-term
                 through freguent disturbance (e.g. frequent fire, seasonal flood scour, repeated
                 exposure to severe winds) should be regarded as distinct structural- floristic
                 Classes. -Implicit in the distinction between infrequent and frequent disturbance
                 is the notion that the history of frequent disturbance has allowed light-
                 demanding plants to persist at the site over 'a long period of time. There will
                 certainly be instances in which disturbance factors cannot rE,.adily be
                 characterized as infrequent or frequent, and in these cases I recommend the
                 recognition of distinct structural- floristic Classes; this is a conservative
                 measure that ensures that poorly known or problematic communities are riot
                 dismissed as seral stages.    Users of this classification should be aware that
                 the shade tolerant plants identified in the lists can occur in semi-forested and
                 non-forested communities, but the shade intolerant plants will rarely, if ever,
                 be found in forests. This implies another unidirectional gradient.

                      Eutrophic and permesotrophic woodland, scrub, and herbaceous vegetation
                 will most often be the result of infrequent disturbance, such as blow-down. No
                 light-demanding plants faithful to these nutrient regimes could be identified.
                 Open canopy eutrophic and permesotrophic communities are therefore not recognized
                 as distinct Classes at the present time, but rather as seral stages of the
                 forests.    If future field work documents naturally occurring open canopy
                 eutrophic and permesotrophic communities in Virginia, the classification can be
                 adjusted accordingly.

                      Lists of character- species and conditional character- species were derived
                 from the Atlas of the Virginia Flora (Harvill et al. , 1986), but nomenclature
                 followed Kartesz and Kartesz (1980). A species was selected for a list only if
                 its habitat preference was reasonably well known, and if it had distinct
                 diagnostic value for the purpose of the classification.          Approximately 900
                 diagnostic species were selected. Species of wide ecological tolerance, such
                 as those growing in both upland and wetland soils, were generally excluded from
                 consideration; they did not meet fidelity criteria at the System level.         Some
                 of the excluded species will, however, have diagnostic value in differentiating
                 the lower syTitaxa when these are classified in the future.


                 The Estuarine System:

                      Halophytes were used to define vegetated classes within the Estuari
                 System. A very few of the species also occur in inland saline wetlands; -skis
                 wetlands should be classified within the Palustrine System for the time being
                 and regarded as a rare, or anomalous condition.


                                                           4











              The Palustrine System:

                    Classes within the Palustrine System were identified through the character-
              species/conditional character- species approach.    I have not supplied detailed
              instructions for separating the Palustrine System from the Terrestrial because
              in most cases this difference will be readily apparent. However, when dealing
              with problematic transitional zones, I refer the user to Reed's (1988) list of
              plant species that o  *ccur in Northeastern wetlands.    Only those plants with
              indicator status of Obligate or Facultative Wetland should be regarded as
              diagnostic of the Palustrine System,        for the purpose of the Virginia
              classification. If necessary, other factors such as soils or flooding regime
              may also be used to assign stands to the Palustrine System.        The Palustrine
              System of the Virginia classification has a broader definition than that used
              in Cowardin et al. (1979). The Virginia definition includes all freshwater (to
              oligohaline) wetland and aquatic environments supporting non-halophytic vascular
              plant life, thereby encompassing parts of Cowardin's Lacustrine, Riverine, and
              Estuarine Systems. Note that the Cowardin definition of the Estuarine System
              relies upon an average salinity measure (0.5 ppt.), and not halophytic plants,
              to define the upstream or landward limit of the System.         Determining this
              salinity measure in the field is difficult, and as a consequence, some wetlands
              classified within Cowardin' s Estuarine System support non-halophytic vegetation.

                   Hydrologic regime was identified as a major factor influencing floristic
              composition at the Class level.       Four hydrologic regime descriptors were
              subsequently identified:

              1) saturated,
              2) seasonally flooded,
              3) semipermanently flooded (including permanently flooded environments supporting
                 emergents), and
              4) permanently flooded (lacking emergents).

              These descriptors were derived from Cowardin et al. (1979), but I've given
              numbers 2 and 3 broader meaning. Number 2 encompasses Cowardin's temporarily
              flooded category, while number 3 includes the intermittently exposed category
              and any permanently flooded environments supporting emergent vegetation. This
              was done out of practical necessity; too often the Cowardin hydrologic regime
              categories cannot be recognized in the field. Description number 4 also deviates
              from the Cowardin definition in the sense that it is exclusively reserved for
              those permanently flooded environments lacking emergents, i.e. communities
              composed entirely of submergents and/or floating-leaved species.

                   Plant species indicative of trophic regime were also used to generate
              Classes within the Palustrine System. Unlike the Terrestrial System, where five
              trophic regime levels were identified, only two trophic regime levels were
              selected for use in the Palustrine System. This difference in approach seemed
              unavoidable, given the fact that fewer plant species were strictly diagnostic
              of trophic regime within the Palustrine System.         The two trophic regime
              descriptors were:

              1) oligotrophic, and
              2) eutrophic.


                                                      5










               Note that the each of the above terms now connotes a relatively wide range of
               fertility conditions; use of these terms in the Terrestrial System is much mor
               restrictive.   While this might cause some confusion, it maintains a 'Level of*
               nomenclatural continuity between Systems.

                    Lists of character- species and conditional character- species serve to
               identify and differentiate Classes within the Palustrine System.      As with the
               Terrestrial System, some of the lists are subdivided into shade tolerant.,
               moderately shade tolerant, and shade intolerant species to aid in distinguishing
               the various structural types.

                    Keys to the Classes of the Terrestrial, Estuarine, and Palustrine Systems
               were developed.   The character- species and conditional character- species that
               need to be examined when using the keys are given in appendices.



               CONCLUDING REMARKS:


                    Character- species and conditional character- species play an important role
               in the classification of Virginia's indigenous vegetation.      Relatively large
               lists of these species have been generated, and most stands of natural vegetation
               can be readily classified to the level of Class using this approach. The basic
               requirement is that a reasonably complete species list from a representative
               sample of the vegetation is collected and interpreted using the keys.
               Recommended plot size for forests and woodlands is 400 sq. m. , and for scrub, and
               herbaceous communities, 100 sq. m.      As stand data sets accumulate and are
               analyzed, the Associations should become apparent.                              0
                    The lists of character- species and conditional character- species serve
               another important purpose. They give an indication of the classification and
               inventory work which lies ahead. Each listed species needs to be observed in
               the field, and recorded as a component of a given community. This will ensure
               complete coverage of the final draft classification. Refinements and suggestions
               are definitely needed, and in fact, I eagerly await word of. any unusual
               communities that aren't readily classified under the present system. Natural
               vegetation is exceedingly complex and trying to make sense of it using feeble
               human constructs will no doubt be a long, frustrating, and humbling endeavor.
















                                                       6













              LITERATURE CITED:


              Cowardin, L.M. , V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
              wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31. U.S. Dept.
              of the Interior, Fish and Wildl. Serv. Washington, D.C. 103 pp.

              Harvill, A.M. Jr., T.R. Bradley, C.E. Stevens, T.F. Wieboldt, D.M.E. Ware, and
              D.W. Ogle. 1986. Atlas of the Virginia Flora. Second Edition. Virginia Botanical
              Associates, Farmville. 135 pp.

              Kartesz, J.T. and R. Kartesz. 1980. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora
              of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. University of North Carolina Press,
              Chapel Hill. 498 pp.

              Rawinski, T.J. 1990. A classification of Virginia's indigenous biotic
              communities: Phase 1. Upper levels of the hierarchy. unpublished rep. on file
              with the Virginia Dept. of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural
              Heritage. Richmond. 11 pp.

              Reed, P.B. Jr. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands:
              Northeast (Region 1). U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 88(26.1). 111 pp.

              Reschke, C. 1990. Ecological communities of New York State. New York Natural
              Heritage Program, Latham. 96 pp.

              Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities
              of North Carolina. Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
              Raleigh. 325 pp.

              Westhoff, V. and E. van der Maarel. 1973. The Braun-Blanquet approach. In:
              Handbook of Vegetation Science (Ed. R.H. Whittaker), vol. 5, 616-726. Junk, Den
              Haag.

              Whittaker, R.H. 1953. A consideration of climax theory; the climax as a
              population and pattern. Ecol. Monogr. 23:41-78.

              Whittaker, R.H. 1962. Classification of natural communities. Bot. Rev. 28:1-239.



















                                                       7















               A KEY TO VEGETATED TERRESTRIAL C014MUNITY CLASSES
               (Note: Ail Class names are understood to represent the Terrestrial System).

               a. Eutrophic character-species (Appendix T1) present.                    . . . . .      [EUTROPHIC FOREST]
               a. Eutrophic character-species absent.

                b. Permesotrophic conditional character-species (Appendix T2) present.                 [PERMESOTROPHIC FOREST]
                b. Permesotrophic conditional character- spec i es absent.

                 c. Mesotrophic conditional character- species (Appendix T3) present.

                  d. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species (Appendices T3, T4, & T5)
                      present and conspicuous; woodland, scrub and herbaceous communities.

                    e. Trees present (covering at least 5% of the area), but significant
                         gaps exist among tree crowns.       . . . . . . . . . . . . .                 EMESOTROPHIC WOODLAND]
                    e. Trees absent or cover less than 5% of the area.

                      f. Woody species between 1 and 6 m tail (scrub) cover more than 5%
                         of the area.    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                         [MESOTROPHIC SCRUB]
                      f. Scrub vegetation absent or covers less than 5% of the area;
                         herbaceous species prevalent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                    CMESOTROPHIC HERBACEOUS VEGETATION]

                  d. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species absent or
                      inconspicuous; trees form a more or less continuous cover; forest.               [MESOTROPHIC FOREST]

                 c. Mesotrophic conditional character- spec i es absent.

                  9. Submesotrophic conditional character- speci es (Appendix T4) present.

                    h. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species (Appendices T4 & T5)
                         present and conspicuous; woodland, scrub and herbaceous communities.

                      i. Trees present (covering at least 5% of the area), but significant
                         gaps exist among tree crowns.                                                 [SUBMESOTROPHIC WOODLAND]
                      i. Trees absent or cover Less than 5% ;f t'he*ar;a.*

                         Woody species between 1 and 6 m tail (scrub) cover more than    5%
                         of the area.     . . . . . . . . . .             *  *        . . . . .        ESUBMESOTROPHIC SCRUB]
                         Scrub vegetation absent or covers Less than 5% of th; a;ea;
                         herbaceous species prevalent  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                   ESUBMESOTROPHIC HERBACEOUS VEGETATIO@

                    h. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species absent or
                         inconspicuous; trees form a more or less continuous cover; forest.            ESUBMESOTROPHIC FOREST]

                  g. Submesotrophic conditional character- spec i es absent.

                    k. Otigotrophic conditional character- spec i es (Appendix TQ present.

                      L. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species present and
                         conspicuous; woodland, scrub and herbaceous communities.

                      m. Trees present (covering at least 5% of the area), but significant
                         gaps exist among tree crowns.                        * * '    *   . . . .     [OLIGOTROPHIC WOODLAND]
                      m. Trees absent or cover less than 5% ;f t*he'ar;a.*

                         n. Woody species between I and 6 m tail (scrub) cover more than 5%
                          of the area.    .  * '   *   '  * ' ' * ' ' * ' *           *   '  *  " '    [OLIGOTROPHIC SCRUB]
                         n. Scrub vegetation absent or- covers less than 5% of the area;
                          herbaceous species prevalent.      . . . ... . . . . . . . .                 [OLIGOTROPHIC HERBACEOUS VEGETATIONI

                      1. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species absent or
                         inconspicuous; trees form a more or less continuous cover; forest   . . .     [OLIGOTROPHIC FOREST]
                    k. Oligotrophic indicators absent. Use other factors (e.g. soits) to                                             0
                         assign the stand to one of the above classes.   if this isn't possible,                                  COMMUN I.TYI
                         refer to the stand as:        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                   [UNCLASSIFIED TERRESTRIAL















        A KEY TO VEGETATED ESTUARINE C014MUNITY CLASSES



        a. Estuarine character-species (Appendix El) present.

        b. Woody species between 1 and 6 m. tall (scrub) cover more than 5%
          of the area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ESTUARINE SCRUB]

        b. Scrub vegetation absent or cover less than 5% of the area.

         c. Herbaceous species other than submergents present. . . . . . . . .[ESTUARINE HERBACEOUS VEGETATION]

         c. The only vascular plants present are submergents such as
           Ruppia maritima and Zostera marina. . . . . . . . . . . . . .[ESTUARINE SUBMERGENT VEGETATION]

        a. Estuarine character-species absent. Consider whether the stand
          could be classified using the Palustrine System key, or refer to the
          stand as: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    [UNCLASSIFIED ESTUARINE COMMUNITY]














                KEYS TO THE VEGETATED PALUSTRINE COMMUNITY CLASSES
                (Note: At L Class names are understood to represent the Patustrine System. Also, use of the terms, eutrcphic and ol           op
                is in the broad sense, each term encompassing roughly half of the range of community trophic conditions).


                Character- spec i es indicating saturated, eutrophic conditions
                (Appendix Pl) present.                  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                   EUTROPHIC SATURATED
                                                                                                      Key P1

                Conditional character-species indicating saturated, oligotrophic
                conditions (Appendix P2) present.       . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                   OLIGOTROPHIC SATURATED
                                                                                                      Key P2

                Conditional character-species indicating semipermanentty flooded,
                eutrophic conditions (Appendix P3) present.               . . . . . . . .             EUTROPHIC SEHIPERMANENTLY FLOODED
                                                                                                      Key P3

                Conditional character- spec i es indicating semipermanentty flooded,
                otigotrophic conditions (Appendix PO present.       . . . . . . . . . .               OLIGOTROPHIC SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOODED
                                                                                                      Key P4

                Conditional character-species indicating seasonally flooded,
                eutrophic conditions (Appendix P5) present.                      . . . . . .          EUTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED
                                                                                                      Key P5

                Conditional character-species indicating seasonally flooded,
                oligotrophic conditions (Appendix P6) present.      . . . . . . . . . .               OLIGOTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED
                                                                                                      Key P6

                Conditional character- spec i es indicating permanently flooded
                conditions (Appendix P7) present (submergent/floating-leaved
                vegetation).     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                            [SUBMERGENT/FLOATING-LEAVED VEGETATION]
                None of the above spe'cies present. Use other factors to                                                                is
                assign the stand to a Class. If this isn't possible,
                refer to the stand as:     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                        [UNCLASSIFIED PALUISTRINE COMMUNITY]






































                                                                                10













           Key Pl: Eutrophic Saturated


            a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species (Appendices P1 & P2)
               present and conspicuous; woodland, scrub, and herbaceous communities.

             b. Trees present (covering at Least 5% of the area), but significant
                gaps exist among tree crowns.                    . . . . . . . .             CEUTROPHIC SATURATED WOODLAND]
             b. Trees absent or cover less than 5% of th; a;ea.

              c. Woody species between 1 and 6 m. tat( (scrub) cover more than 5%
                 of the area.                                                                [EUTROPHIC SATURATED SCRUB]
              C. Scrub vegetation absent ;r.;ov;rs'Le;s 'the; 5% of the ;re;,- -
                 herbaceous species prevalent.      . . . . . . . . . . . .                  [EUTROPHIC SATURATED HERBACEOUS VEGETATION)

            a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species absent or
               inconspicuous; trees form a more or less continuous cover; forest.            [EUTROPHIC SATURATED FOREST]






           Key P2: Otigotrophic Saturated


            a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species present and
               conspicuous; woodland, scrub, and herbaceous communities.

             b. Trees present (covering at least 5% of the area), but significant
                gaps exist among tree crowns.       . . . . . . . . . . . .                  COLIGOTROPHIC SATURATED WOODLAND]
             b. Trees absent or cover Less than 5% of the area.


              c. Woody species between 1 and 6 m. ta(L (scrub) cover more than 5%
                 of the area.       . . . .                                                  [OLIGOTROPHIC SATURATED SCRUB]
              c. Scrub vegetation absent or cov;rs*Less t'ha; 5% of the are;,- -
                 herbaceous species prevalent.      . . . . . . . . . . . .                  COLIGOTROPHIC SATURATED HERBACEOUS VEGETATION

            a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species absent or
               inconspicuous; trees form a more or Less continuous cover; forest.            JOLIGOTROPHIC SATURATED FOREST]





           Key P3: Eutrophic SemipermanentLy Flooded


            a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species (Appendices P3 & P4)
               present and conspicuous; woodland, scrub, and herbaceous communities.

             b. Trees present (covering at Least 5% of the area), but significant
                gaps exist among tree crowns.          . . . . . . . . . . .                 CEUTROPHIC SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOODED WOODLAND]
             b. Trees absent or cover Less than 5% of the area.

              c. Woody species between 1 and 6 m. tell (scrub) cover more than 5%
                 of the area                                                                 [EUTROPHIC SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOODED SCRUB]
              c. Scrub veget;tion absen*t ;r cov;rs*te;s ihan 5%*
                 of the area; herbaceous species prevatent.       . . .       [EUTROPHIC SEHIPER14ANENTLY FLOODED HERBACEOUS VEGETATION]

            a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species absent or
               inconspicuous; trees form a more or less continuous cover; forest.            [EUTROPHIC SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOODED FOREST]












            Key P4: Oligotrophic Semipermanentty Flooded


             a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species present and
                conspicuous; woodland, scrub, and herbaceous communities.

               b. Trees present (covering at least 5% of the area), but significant
                 gaps exist among tree crowns.       . . . . . . . . . . . .                 EOLIGOTROPHIC SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOWED WOODLAND'@
               b. Trees absent or cover Less than 5% of the area.

               c. Woody species between 1   and 6 m. tat I (scrub) cover more than 5%
                  of the area.                                                               COLIGOTROPHIC SEMIPERKANENTLY FLOODED SCRUB]
               c. Scrub vegetation absent   or covers less than 5%
                  of the area; herbaceous   species prevalent.     . . .      COLIGOTROPHIC SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOODED HERBACEOUS VEGETATION]

             a. Moderately shade tolerant   or shade intolerant species absent or
                inconspicuous; trees form   a more or Less continuous cover; forest.         [OLIGOTROPHIC SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOODED FOREST]





             Key P5: Eutrophic Seasonally Flooded


             a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species (Appendices P5 & P6)
                present and conspicuous; woodland, scrub, and herbaceous communities.

               b. Trees present (covering at least 5% of the area), but significant
                 gaps exist among tree crowns.                                               CEUTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED WOODLAND]
               b. Trees absent or cover Less than 5% of the area.

               c. Woody species between 1 and 6 m. tall (scrub) cover more than 5%
                  of the area.           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                     [EUTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED SCRUB]
               c. Scrub vegetation absent or covers Less than 5%
                  of the area; herbaceous species prevalent.                  [EUTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED HERBACEOUS VEGETATION]

             a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species absent or
                 inconspicuous; trees farm a more or less continuous cover; forest.          EEUTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED FOREST]





            Key P6: Oligotrophic Seasonally Flooded


             a. Moderately shade tolerant or shade intolerant species present and
                conspicuous; woodland, scrub, and herbaceous communities.

               b. Trees present (covering at least 5% of the area), but significant
                 gaps exist among tree crowns.                       . . . . . . .           JOLIGOTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED WOODLAND)
               b. Trees absent or cover less than 5% of th; a;ea:

               c. Woody species between 1   and 6 m. tall (scrub) cover more than 5%
                  of the area.       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                       [OLIGOTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED SCRUB]
               c. Scrub vegetation absent   or covers Less than 5%
                  of the area; herbaceous   species prevalent.     . . .      COLIGOTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED HERBACEOUS VEGETATION]

             a. Moderately shade tolerant   or shade intolerant species absent or
                inconspicuous; trees form   a more or Less continuous cover; forest.         [OLIGOTROPHIC SEASONALLY FLOODED FOREST]








                                                                              12












          Appendix Tl Character- spec i es of the eutrophic forest ctass


          SHADE TOLERANT


          Acer nigrum
          BLephita ciliata
          Carex albursina
          Carex careyana
          Carex hitchcockiana
          Carex plantaginea
          Diplazium pycnocarpon
          oryopteris goidiana
          Erigenia butbosa
          Erythroniun a(bidum
          Floerkea proserpinacoides
          Hydrophytluu macrophyttun
          Jeffersenia diphy[la
          Matteuccia struthiopteris
          Meehania cordata
          Mertensia virginica
          Miliun effusum
          Phacetia bipinnatifida
          Smilacina stettata
          Tri I I im cernuum
          Trittium sessite
          Uvutaria grandiftora



















































                                                                          13










             Appendix T2 Conditional character-species of the permesotrophic forest class


             SHADE TOLERANT


             Attium tricoccum
             Carex pedunculata
             Carex sparganioides
             Cautophyttum thatictroides
             Chaerophytium procumbens
             Delphinium tricorne
             Diarrhena americana
             Dicentra canadensis
             Dicentra cucultaria
             Disporum maculatum
             Gymnoctadus dioica
             Hepatica nobiLis v. acuta
             Hybanthus concotor
             Hydrastis canadensis
             Hydrophyttum canadense
             Panax quinquefotius
             Phlox divaricata
             Phlox stoLonifera
             Polemonium -reptans
             Schizachne purpurascens
             T@:   *-,.an grandiftorun
             Vic'a --nadensis
             Vi.-@:j rostrata
             V:.@a striata




























































                                                                                14













           Appendix T3 Conditional. character-species of mesotrophic ctasses


           SHADE TOLERANT                             MODERATELY SHADE TOLERANT

           Acer floridanum                            Adtumia fungosa
           Aconitum rectinatum                        Astragatus canadensis
           Actaea pachypoda                           Baptisia austratis
           Adiantum pedatum                           Stephilia hirsuta
           Attium canadense                           Camassia scitLoides
           Aptectrum hyemaLe                          Campanula americana
           Aralia racemosa                            Carex oligocarpa
           Aristolochia macrophytLa                   Cassia marilandica
           Asarum canadense                           Clematis occidentalis
           Asimina triloba                            Eupatori.um sessitifoLium
           Astilbe biternata                          Hacketia virginiana
           Botrychium virginianum                     Hexatectris spicata
           Carex amphibota                            Lathyrus venosus;
           Carex gracilLima                           Liatris spicata
           Carex jamesii                              Onosmodium hispidissimum
           Cimicifuga americana                       Oryzopsis racemosa
           Cimicifuga racemosa                        Pycnanthemum incanum
           Claytonia caroliniana                      Salvia urticifoLia
           Claytonia virginica                        Silphium terebinthinaceum
           CoLtinsonia canadensis                     Solidago rigida
           Cryptotaenia canadensis                    Uniola latifolia
           Dentaria diphytia                          Zanthoxytum americanum
           Dentaria laciniata
           Deparia acrostichoides
           Desmodium cuspidatum
           Desmodium glutinosum
           Diphytteia cymosa
           Dirca palustris
           Dryopteris ce(sa
           Festuca obtusa
           Fraxinus quadranguLata
           Galearis spectabilis
           Geranium maculatum
           Hetianthus decapetatus
           Hepatica nobitis v. obtusa
           Hydrophyltum virginianum
           Hystrix patula
           Impatiens pattida
           Laportea canadensis
           Magnotia tripetata
           .Menispermum canadense
           Mitelta diphyi(a
           Monarda clinopodia
           Osmorhiza claytoni
           Osmorhiza tongistytis
           Penstemon taevigatus
           Potymnia canadensis
           Polymnia uvedatia
           Rubus odoratus
           Rudbeckia taciniata
           Sanguinaria canadensis
           Sanicuta canadensis
           SanicuLa gregaria
           Sanicuta maritandica
           Sotidago fiexicautis
           Staphytea trifotia
           Thatictrum coriaceum
           That ictrum dioicum
           TheLypteris hexagonoptera
           Titia hererophytta
           Trittium sutcatum
           TriOsteum angustifoLium
           Triosteum aurantiacum
           Triosteum perfoLiatum


                                                                                 15







                Appendix T4 Conditional character- species of submesotrophic classes

                SHADE TOLERANT                             MODERATELY SHADE TOLERANT                 SHADE INTOLERANT
                Acer saccharum                             Agropyron trachycautum
                Ageratina attissima                        Aquitegia canadensis
                Anemone tancifttiO                         Arabis patens
                Anemone Virginians,                        Aster infirmus                            Aster grandiflorus
                Ange tica triquinats                       Aster obtongifotius                       Atriptex arenaria
                Antennaria ptantaginifotia                 Aurectaris flava                          Gvchnera americw%a
                Arabis canadensis                          Berberis canadensis                       Cakile edentu(a
                Arabis teevigats                           Boutelous curtipenduta                    Castitteia coccines
                Arissema t6phytium                         Bromus pubescens                          Cirsiuu virginianum
                Asclepias exa(t4ta                         Carex cephatophors                        Coreopsis tripteris
                Asciepias quadrifolia                      Carex ebumea                              Eryngium yuccifotium
                Asp I en i um res i I i ens                Carex meadii                              Ne(janthus angustifolius
                Aster macro0yllus                          Cetestrus scarKiens                       Metianthus atrorubens
                Athyrium aspienioides                      Ctematis viorna                           Potygonum qlaucum
                Betuta papyrifera                          Cornus rugosa                             Psoratea psoratiaides
                grachyeietrun erectum                      Cuscuta coryti                            Salsota kali
                Catlicarpa americana                       Cystopteris fragitis                      Sporobolus asper
                Catycanthus f(oridus                       Echinaces laevigata
                Carex aestivatis                           Frageria vesce
                Carex digitalis                            Helianthus divaricatus
                Carex laxicutmis                           Hetiantf%us strumsus
                Carex taxiflora                            L 1 thospermum cwwscens
                Carex nigromarginats                       Lonicers dioica
                Carex Plaryphylta                          Muhtenbergia sabotifera
                Carex virescens                            f4uhtenbergia tenuifoiia
                Carex witidenowii                          Myosatis Verna
                Carpinus carotiniana                       Parthenjum auricutatup
                Carya cordiformis                          Passiftora, tutea
                Chrysogonum virginiamin                    Peltsea atropurpurea,
                Clintonia umbeitulata                      Penstemon catycosus
                Conophotis amricana                        Penstemon hirsutus
                Coreopsis auriculata                       Phacetia dubia
                Cornus a trernifotia                       Poty9ata senega
                Cunit(a origanoides                        RanuncuLus fascicularis
                Cymoohyttus fraseri                        Ranuncutus micranthus
                Cyriogtossun virginianum                   Rhanv%us carotiniana
                Denrar iz heterophytta                     Rudbeckia triloba
                Desmodiun nudiftorun                       Sitene virginica
                Desmodiun pauciftorum                      Silphjum trifo(istum
                Desmodiun rotundifoLium                    Soliciago u(mifotia
                Dichantheliun tatifatium                   Tradescantia ahiensis
                Dioscorea vittosa                          Viburnum rafinesquismin
                Disporun lanuginosum                       woodsis obtus4
                Go t i um c 1 rcaez ans                    zizia aptera
                Gal ium concir%nm
                Gatium tatifotium
                Hedyotis purpurea
                Heracietim kanatum
                Hieracium paniculatun
                Hydrangea arborescens
                LigustiCuM canadense
                Liparis litMotia
                Lonicera canadensis
                Luzuta acuminata
                Kagnolis acumiants
                Obotaris virginica
                Ostrya virginiam
                Oxatis vietacea
                Phryma teptostachya
                Platanthers orbituLata
                Platanthere viridis v. bracteats
                Poa cuspidata
                Podaphyllum pettatum.
                Polygonatum biftorum
                Potygonatu" pubescens
                Potystichum acrostichoides
                Prenanthes alba
                PyruLaria pubera
                Scirpus verecundus
                Sed" ternatum
                Senecio obovetus,
                Silene stettata
                Smitacina racemoss
                Setidago, arguta
                Solidago caesia
                Sokidaso @rtisii
                sphenopholis nitida
                Stellaria pu!@*ra
                Styrax americana
                'Taenidia integerrima
                Taxus canadensis
                Thatictrun thatictraides
                Thaspium barbinode
                Thaspiun trifoliatun
                Tiaretla cordifoiia
                Uvutaria perfoLiata
                Viburnum acerifotiun
                Viols hastata
                Viola rotundifotia
                Viola tri(oba
                                                                                16









             Appendix T5 Conditional character-species of otigorrophic classes


             SHADE TOLERANT                                 MWERATELY SME TOLERANT                      SKADE LNTOLERANT
     WC,r pensytvanicun                                     Ageratina aromatfca
             ianthium muscaetoxicLgn                        Attium cernum
             Antennaria virginica                           Angelice venenosa
             Asimina parviflora                             Arabis serotina                             Agrostis e(Hottiana
             Aster acuminatus                               Aristide, (anosa                            Affmophita brevitigutata
             Aster divaricatus                              Aster linariifolius                         Anaphalis margaritacea
             Betuta (enta                                   Aster undutatus                             Andropogon gerardii
             GuckLeya distichophylta                        Aureolaria laevigata                        Arabis lyrata
             Carex brunnescens                              Aureotaria Pedicularia                      Aratia hispida
             Carex debilis                                  Baptisia tinctoria                          Arctostaphytos uva-ursi
             Carex pensy(vanica                             C81amagrostis porteri                       Aristida curtissii
             Carya glabra                                   Calystegia spithamaea                       Aristida dichotcaw
             Castanea dentata                               C&nPanula divaricata                        Aristida purpurascens
             Castanea pumita                                Carex envoonsii                             Aristida, tubercutosa
             ChamaeLirium tuteum                            Carex potymorpha                            Asciepias amptexicautis
             Chintaphila macuLata                           Carex umbettata                             Asciepias verticitlata
             Chimaphita unbeltata                           CarYa pattida,                              Aspteniun montanum
             Clethra acuninata                              Centrosems virginianum                      Aster spectabilis
             Clintonia borealis                             Cheitanthes tanosa                          Bulbostytis capiltaris
             Comandre urbeLLata                             Chrysopsis gossypina                        Buibostytis citiatifolia
             Convattaria montana                            Ctematis albicocm                           Carex siticea
             Corattorhiza odontorhiza                       Cleffiatis ochroteuca                       Carphephorus bettidifoiius
             Coreopsis maj .or                              Clematis viticautis                         Carphephorus tmientosus
             Cypripedium acaule                             Cnidoscojus stimulosus                      Cenchrus tribuLoides
             Deschaffpsia ftexuosa                          COmPtonia peregrina                         Cirsim horridutum
             Draba ramosissima                              Coreopsis verticitlata                      Corydatis seffipervirens
             Dryopteris canpytopters                        Danthonia coupressa                         Cyperus granitophilus
             Dryopteris marginalis                          Desmodium paniculatum                       Cyperus grayi
             Epigaea repens                                 Dicentra eximia                             Danthonia sericea
             Galax urceotata                                Diervitla tonicera                          Danthonia spicata
             Gaultheria procumbens                          Eri0gonum aLleni                            Desmodium sessilifolium
             Goodyera pubescens                             Euphorbia ipecacuanhae                      Desmodium strictLEn
             GywnocarpiLxn dryopteris                       Galactia regularis                          Diamorpha sma(Iii
             Hamaffietis virginiana                         Gaylussacia dumosa                          Eragrostis hirsute
             Hexastytis virginica                           Gymnopogon ambiguus                         Eragrostis refracta
             flex vomitoria                                 Metianthemum canadense                      Eragrostis spectabitis
             Isotria medeotoides                            Heuchera americana                          Euphorbia affmnnioides
             Isotria verticittata                           IHS verna                                   Euphorbia polygonifoLia
             Lycopodium annotintin                          Kuhnia eupatorioides                        Festuca octofLora
             L yc opod i Lmn ctavatLn                       Liatris graminifoLia                        Haptopappus divaricatus
             Lycopodium digitatum                           Litiun philadelphicum                       Hetianthemum bickneltii
             Lycopodium obscurun                            LuPinus perennis                            Hetianthus hirsutus
             ycopodium  obscurun v. dendroideuin            LYCOpodiLin prophilum                       Hudsonia tomentosa
             ycopodiun  tristachym                          LYcopodium setago                           Isanthus brachiatus
      IDYS i maCh i a   quadrifotia                         OPhiogiossun engetmannii                    Juncus secundus;
             MaLaxis unifotia                               Paronychia canadensis                       Juniperus comnunis
             Medeota virginiana                             Paxistime caribyi                           Krigia biflora
             Metanpyrun Lineare                             Pinus echinata                              Krigia montane
             Melanthim hybridum                             Pinus; patustris                            Krigia virginica
             Menziesia pitosa                               Pinus; pungens                              Lechea maritima
             OxaHs acetoselia                               Pinus virginiana                            Lechea racemuLosa
             Oxydendruin arboreum                           PitYoPsis graminifokia                      Lechea vittosa
             Pieris floribunda                              Potygonum citinode                          Leptotoma cognatun
             Polypodium virginianLn                         Prenanthes roanensis                        Liatris asoera
             Prenanthes trifoliata                          Pseudotaenidis montane                      Liatris turgid
             Pteridiun aquitimn                             PYxidanthere barbutata                      Manfreda virginica
             Quercus coccinea                               Quercus iticifokis                          Minuartia giabra
             Quercus marilandica                            Quercus; Incana                             Minuartia groentandica
             Quercus montane                                Quercus tsevis                              minuartia michauxii
             Quercus vetutina                               Quercus margarettae                         Minuartia patula
             Rhododendron catenduLaceum                     Quercus; virginiana                         Muhtenbergia capiLlaris
             Rhododendron perictymenoides                   Rhus aromatica                              Muhtenbergia cuspidata
             Rhododendron prinophyttum                      Saxifraga michauxif                         0enothera humifusa
             Sassafras albidun                              Sedum telephloides                          Opuntia humifusa
             Symplocos tinctoria                            SetagineLta rupestris                       Panicum amarutun
             Tiputaria discolor                             SeneCj0 antennarMotius                      Panicun amarum
             Tritliun Lgiclutatum                           Senecio Pauperculus                         Panicum fLexite
             Tsuga caroliniana                              Sitene caroLiniana                          Paronychia argyrocoma
             Uvularia pudica                                Smitax taminoides                           Paronychia fastigiata
             Uvu(aria sessilifolia                          So(fdago bfcolor                            Paronychia riparia
             Vaccinium arboreun                             Solidago odora                              Polygala verticiltata
             Vaccinium ettiottij                            Soildago roanensis                          Potygonella articulate
             Vacciniun erythrocarpun                        Sorbus wwricana                             PotygoneUs potyganta
             Vaccinium stamineum                            Spiraea betutifoLia ssp. corrnbosa          Portutaca smattii
             Vacciniun tenellun                             SPorobolus ctandestimis                     Potentitla tridentata
                                                            StiP3 zvcrlmcca                             Ruell'a
                                                            StYtosanches -offlora                       sell;: rrI3vTj---
                                                            Tephrosia virginiana                        Schizachyrium scoparium
                                                            Tradescantia rosea v. grami .nea            Scutettaria parvuta
                                                            Trifotiun vfrginicun                        Silphim composituin
                                                            Vaccinim angustifoijum                      Sisyrinchiun atbidum
                                                            Vaccinium crassifotium                      Sotidago racemosa
                                                            Vacciniun myrtittoides                      SoHdago spathuLata ssp. randii
                                                            Viburnuu rufidulLin                         Spiranthes tuberose
                                                            ViOta peclata                               Sporobolus vaginiftorus
                                                            Woodsia itvensis                            Stiputicida setacea
                                                            Woodsia scopuLina,                          Sty(isma hutnistrata
                                                            XerophyttLo asphodeloides                   Tatinum teretifotium
                                                            ZIgadenus giaucus                           Triplasis purpurea
                                                            Zlgadenus leinonthoides                     Uniola panicutata
                                                                                                        Zanthoxylum ciava-hercutis


                                                                                   17










                  Appendix El Character-species of vegetated classes within the estuarine system



                  Agalinis maritima
                  Aster tenuifolius
                  Borrichia frutescens
                  Distichlis spicata
                  Fimbristylis castanea
                  Iva frutescens
                  Juncus gerardii
                  Juncus roemerianus
                  Kosteletzkya virginica
                  Lythrum lineare
                  Puccinellia fascicuLata
                  ruppia maritima
                  Salicornia bigeLovii
                  Salicornia europea
                  Salicornia virginica
                  Scirpus maritimus
                  Scirpus robustus
                  sesuvium maritimum
                  Spartina alterniflora
                  Spartina cynosuroides
                  Spartina patens
                  Spergularia marina
                  Suaecla linearis
                  Suaeda maritima
                  Zostera marina


























































                                                                                   10













            Appendix P1 Charactor-species of eutrophic saturated classes


            SHADE TOLERANT                           MODERATELY SHADE TOLERANT                SHADE INTOLERANT

                                                     Caltha palustris                         Acorus calamus
            Carex scabrata                           Carex stipata                            Carex lacustris
            Hexastylis lewisii                       Carex trichocarpa                        Carex tanuginosa
            Ranuncutus septentrionatis               Iris versicolor                          Carex tetanica
                                                     LobeLia siphilitica                      Cyperus haspan
                                                     Myosotis laxa                            Eleocharis rostellata
                                                     Veronica americana                       Juncus balticus
                                                     Veronica anagallis-aquatica              Lathyrus paLustris
                                                                                              Lysimachia quadrifLora
                                                                                              Lythrum alatum
                                                                                              Mentha arvensis
                                                                                              Pedicularis lanceotata
                                                                                              Sabatia dodecandra



































































                                                                             19












               Appendix P2 Conditional character- spec i es of otigotrophic saturated classes


               SHADE TOLERANT                            MODERATELY SHADE TOLERANT                 SHADE INTOLERANT

               Cardamine bulbosa                         ALnus incana ssp. rugosa                  Aletris aurea
               Cardamine rotundifolia                    Asclepias rubra                           Calamagrostis cinnoides
               Carex collinsii                           Aster radula                              Calopogon tuberosus
               Carex laevivaginata                       Campanula aparinoides                     Carex buxbaumii
               Carex leptalea                            Carex atlantica                           Carex conoidea
               Carex prasina                             Carex bullata                             Carex hystericina
               Carex styloftexa                          Carex trisperma                           Carex interior
               Chamaecyparis thyoides                    Carex venusta                             Carex prairea
               Chrysosplenium americanum                 Chelone cuthbertii                        Centella asiatica
               Cyrilla racemiflora                      Cirsium muticum                           Cladium mariscoides
               Dalibarda repens                          Conioselinum chinense                     Cleistes divaricata
               Fraxinus nigra                            Cypripedium reginae                       Dichromena cotorata
               Hedyotis michauxii                        Drosera rotundifolia                      Drosera brevifolia
               Helonias bullata                          Eleocharis tortilis                       Drosera capiLlaris
               Listera smaLlii                           Equisetum sylvaticum                      Epilobium leptophyLlum
               Lyonia lucida                             Parnassia grandifolia                     Equisetum fLuviatile
               Ophioglossum vulgatum                     Platanthera ciliaris                      EriocauLon decanguLare
               Parnassia asarifolia                      Poa palustris                             Eriophorum virginicum
               Platanthera clavellata                    Rhamnus atnifolia                         Eryngium aquaticum
               Platanthera psycodes                      Sanguisorba canadensis                    Filipendula rubra
               Poa paludigena                            Sarracenia purpurea                       Fimbristylis puberula
               Saxifraga micranthidifolia                Selaginella apoda                         iris prismatica
               Saxifraga pensylvanica                    Solidago uliginosa                        Juncus abortivus
               Solidago patula                           Sphenopholis pensylvania                 Juncus nodosus
               Symplocarpus foetidus                     Zenobia puLverulenta                      Juncus pelocarpus
               Thalictrum clavatum                                                                 Lilium catesbaei
               TheLypteris simulata                                                                Lobelia georgiana
               Toxicodendron vernix                                                                Lycopodium alopecuroides
               veratrum viride                                                                     Lycopodium appressum
               Viburnum nudum                                                                      Lycopodium inundatum
               Viola walteri                                                                       Menyanthes trifoliata
                                                                                                   Muhlenbergia glomerata
                                                                                                   Nasturtium officinaLe
                                                                                                   Ptatanthera blephariglottis
                                                                                                   Platanthera cristata
                                                                                                   Pogonia ophioglossoides
                                                                                                   PotygaLa cruciata
                                                                                                   Rhynchospora alba
                                                                                                   Rhynchospora capillacea
                                                                                                   Sabatia calycina
                                                                                                   Sarracenia flava
                                                                                                   Scirpus expansus
                                                                                                   Scleria reticutaris
                                                                                                   ScLeria verticillata
                                                                                                   Sclerotepis uniflora
                                                                                                   Tofieldia glutinosa
                                                                                                   Tofieldia racemosa
                                                                                                   Utricularia cornuta
                                                                                                   UtricuLaria juncea
                                                                                                   Xyris ambigua
                                                                                                   Xyris difformis
                                                                                                   Xyris jupicai
                                                                                                   Xyris torta
                                                                                                   Zigadenus densus
                                                                                                   Zigadenus glaberrimus












                                                                                20
 











            Appendix P3 Conditional character- spec i es, of eutrophic semipermanently flooded     classes


            SHADE TOLERANT                              MODERATELY SHADE TOLERANT                  SHADE INTOLERANT

            Cardamine tongii                            Azota carotiniana                          Aeschynomene virginica
            Fraxinus carotiniana                        Carex decomposita                          Amaranthus cannabinus
            Nyssa aquatica                              Carex hyatinotepis                         Asclepias canceotata
            Peltandra virginica                         Echinodorus; cordifoLius                   Aster subutatus
            RanuncuLus fLabeLaris                      Heteranthera reniformis                    Bacopa inominita
            Ranuncutus laxicaulis                       Hydrocotyle ranuncutoides                  Bidens coronata
            Rumex verticiLlatus                         Limnobium spongia                          Carex aLata
            Triadenum watteri                           Pontederia cordata                         Carex torta
                                                        Ranuncutus sceteratus                      Cladium jamaicense
                                                        Sium suave                                 Cyperus brevifolioides
                                                                                                   Echinochloa watteri
                                                                                                   ELatine minima
                                                                                                   Eqlatine triandra
                                                                                                   Eqteocharis halophiLa
                                                                                                   Eriocauton parkeri
                                                                                                   Isoetes riparia
                                                                                                   Juncus acuninatus
                                                                                                   Justicia americana
                                                                                                   Lemna trisulca
                                                                                                   Lilaeopsis carolinensis
                                                                                                   Lilaeopsis chinensi
                                                                                                   Lobetia eLongata
                                                                                                   Netumbo tutea
                                                                                                   Nuphar Luteum ssp. sagittifolium
                                                                                                   Physostegia purpurea
                                                                                                   Sacciolepis striata
                                                                                                   Sagittaria calycina v. spongiosa
                                                                                                   Sagittaria rigida                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   scirpus acutus
                                                                                                   Sparganium eurycarpum
                                                                                                   Spirodella potyrhiza
                                                                                                   Wolfietta gtadiata
                                                                                                   Zizania aquatica





































                                                                           21











                 Appendix P4 Conditional character-species of otigotrophic semipermanentLy flooded classes


                 SHADE TOLERANT                           MODERATELY SHADE TOLERANT                SHADE INTOLERANT

                 Itea virginica                           Carex comosa                             Sidens laevis
                 Taxodiun distichum                       Nottonia infLata                         Grasenia schreberi
                                                          HydrocotyLe umbettata                    Carex canescens
                                                          Hydrocotyle verticilLata                 DuLichium arundinaceum
                                                          Orontiun aquaticun                       Eleocharis equisetoides
                                                                                                   Eteocharis quadrangulata
                                                                                                   ELeocharis robbinsii
                                                                                                   Eriocauton septgngulare
                                                                                                   GLyceria acutiflora
                                                                                                   Glyceria septentrionalis
                                                                                                   Isoetes engeLmannii
                                                                                                   Panicum hemitomon
                                                                                                   Polygonum amphibium
                                                                                                   Polygonum hydropiperoides
                                                                                                   Sagittaria graminea
                                                                                                   Scirpus ancistrochaetus
                                                                                                   Scirpus subterminalis
                                                                                                   Scirpus tabernaemontainii
                                                                                                   Scirpus torreyi






















































                                                                             22












             Appendix P5 Conditional character-species of eutrophic seasonally flooded classes



             SHADE TOLERANT                             MODERATELY SHADE TOLERANT                  SHADE INTOLERANT

             Arisaema dracontium                        Carex gigantea                             Axonopus furcatus
             Carex  crus-corvi                          Hibiscus moscheutos                        Cyperus erythrorhizos
             Carex  frankii                             Justicia ovata v. tanceotata               Cyperus fiticinus
             Carex  grayi                               Penthorun sedoides                         Cyperus strigosus
             Carex  oxytepis                            Salix carotiniana                          Eclipta atba
             Carex  squarrosa                           Satix nigra                                Eragrostis frankii
             Carex  typhina                                                                        Eragrostis hypnoides
             Carya  aquatica                                                                       Gtyceria grandis
             Commetina virginica                                                                   Juncus torreyi
             Cornus foemina                                                                        Lippia Lanceo  tata
             MimuLus alatus                                                                        PhaLaris arundinacea
             Ppulus: heterophylta                                                                 Rorippa patustris
             uercus bicotor                                                                       Scirpus atrovirens
             uercus lyrata                                                                        Scirpus ftuviatilis
             Saururus cernuus                                                                      Scirpus pendutus
             Scirpus divaricatus
 









              Appendix P6 Conditional character-species of oLigotrophic seasonally flooded classes


              SHADE TOLERANT                             MODERATELY SHADE TOLERANT                 SHADE INTOLERANT


              Carex crinita                              Carex gLaucescens                         Bottonia asteroides
              Carex louisianica                          Carex joori                               Catamagrostis canadensis
              Carex tuputina                             Carex waLteriana                          Carex albolutescens
              Cinna arundinacea                          Gtyceria melicaria                        Carex barrattii
              Cornus amomun                              Iris virginica                            Cyperus dentatus
              uercus paLustris                          Juncus effusus                            Drosera intermedia
                                                         Scirpus cyperinus                         Eleocharis baldwinii
                                                                                                   ELeocharis ftavescens
                                                                                                   Eteocharis metanocarpa
                                                                                                   ELeocharis tricostata
                                                                                                   Eteocharis tuberculosa
                                                                                                   Erigeron vernus
                                                                                                   Eupatorium teucotepis
                                                                                                   Eupatorium recurvans
                                                                                                   Fimbristytis annua
                                                                                                   Fimbristytis autumnatis
                                                                                                   Fuirena puniia
                                                                                                   Glyceria canadensis v. laxa
                                                                                                   HeLenium virginicum
                                                                                                   Juncus brevicaudatus
                                                                                                   Juncus caesariensis
                                                                                                   Juncus canadensis
                                                                                                   Juncus repens
                                                                                                   Juncus scirpoides
                                                                                                   Lachnocauton anceps
                                                                                                   Lindernia anagaltidea
                                                                                                   Lipocarpha macutata
                                                                                                   Lobetia puberuta
                                                                                                   Ludwigia brevipes
                                                                                                   Ludwigia sphaerocarpa
                                                                                                   Lysimachia hybrida
                                                                                                   Panicum rigidulum
                                                                                                   Proserpinaca  palustris
                                                                                                   Proserpinaca  pectinata
                                                                                                   PycnanthemLsn flexuosum
                                                                                                   Rhynchospora  caduca
                                                                                                   Rhynchospora  cephatantha
                                                                                                   Rhynchospora  cornicutata
                                                                                                   Rhynchospora  macrostachya
                                                                                                   Scirpus purshianus

































                                                                               2/4




Appendix P7 Conditional character-species of the submergent/floating-leaved class

Cabomba caroliniana
Callitriche heterophylla
Ceratophyllum demersum
Ceratophyllum muricatum
Elodea canadensis
Elodes nuttallii
Heteranthera dubia
Myriophyllum heterophyllum
Myriophyllum humile
Myriophyllum spicatum
Najas flexilis
Najas gracillima
Najas guadalupensis
Nymphoides aquatica
Podostemon ceratophyllum
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton diversifolius
Potamogeton epihydrus
Potamogeton foliosus
Potamogeton illinoensis
Potamogeton nodosus
Potamogeton oakesianus
Potamogeton pectinatus
Potamogeton perfoliatus
Potamogeton pulcher
Potamogeton pusillus
Potamogeton spirilus
Potamogeton tennesseensis
Potamogeton zosteriformis
Utricularia biflora
   fibrosa
   inflata
Utricularia purpurea
Utricularia radiata
Utricularia vulgaris
Vallisneria americana
Zannichellia palustris








 0
















                      APPENDIX B


 0










0 .









                List of watchlist species recorded during 1994-1995 at Polecat Creek.



                Scientific name                          Common name



                Plants:


                Lechea minor                             thyme-leaf pinweed

                Lechea mucronata                         hairy pinweed

                Euphorbia ipecacuanhae                   wild ipecac

                Utricularia geminiscapa                  hidden-fruited bladderwort

                Animals:


                A cantharcus pomotis                     mud sunfish

                Calopteryx dimidiata                     sparkling jewelwing

                Lampetra aepypetra                       least brook lamprey

                Lestes inaequalis                        elegant spreadwing

                Lestes vigilax                           swamp spreadwing

                Rana virgatipes                          carpenter frog

                Strophitus undulatus                     squaw-foot



















                                                                   63







0

















                      APPENDIX C


 0













 0









           Appendix 3. Data collected f rom mussels at sites B and D, by
           species.

           Pyganadon cataracta (n = 11)

           Identification                      Length            Heicfht          Width
                                               'MM               MM               MM

           ------------------------------------------------------------------


           B008                                58.5              30.6             21.3
           B024                                60.5              34.0             22.7
           B034                                61.7              33.7             20.3
           B039                                64.6              35.2             22.4
           B042                                62.6              36.3             22.5
           B069                                91.5              47.3             32.6
           B099                                77.5              43.7             28.7
           B104                                58.9              34.5             22.0
           B119                                73.7              42.5             26.5
           B125                                108.0             55.4             39.5
           B250                                30.1              17.7             11.5



           Strophitus undulatus (n        1)

           Identification                      Length            Heicfht          Width
                                                                 MM               MM

                                           ---------------------------------------
           ---------------------------         M

           B171                                67.5              39.9             26.5









             Elliptio complanata f rom site D (Gauging station D, Polecat Creek)

             Identification                           Length              Height               Width
                                                      mm                  mm                   wk

             -------------------------------------------------------------------


             D001                                     92.0                47.9                 31.6
             D002                                     91.8                52.1                 26.3
             D003                                     82.2                45.2                 23.5
             D004                                     89.4                45.2                 2-3.5
             D005                                     70.7                36.8                 20.2
             D006                                     77.1                41.4                 221.4
             D007                                     72.9                40.4                 21.5
             D008                                     71.0                38.2                 21.0
             D009                                     69.7                35.6                 19.3
             D010                                     58.8                30.6                 141.4
             D011                                     73.5                41.7                 20.3
             D012                                     59.3                30.2                 15.2
             D013                                     51.6                27.7                 13.2
             D014                                     56.2                30.2                 16.3
             D015                                     49.0                25.4                 13.4
             D016                                     58.0                28.3                 15.2
             D017                                     41.4                20.4                 11.3
             D018                                     40.1                21.2                 10.4
             D019                                     69.6                59.0                 20.6
             D020                                     65.4                35.1                 19.7
             D021                                     66.1                37.3                 113.3
             D022                                     76.8                42.0                 23. 1
             D023                                     64.5                37.8                 113.0
             D024                                     63.8                35.4                 177.6
             D025                                     64.8                35.7                 19.8
             D026                                     66.7                37.8                 19.2
             D027                                     55.1                29.3                 1:3.8
             D028                                     75.1                42.1                 20.4
             D029                                     68.4                35.8                 21.3
             D030                                     54.1                29.2                 15.7
             D031                                     80.1                44.7                 21.0
             D032                                     71.3                38.5                 21.5
             D033                                     65.2                33.1                 115.8
             D034                                     83.8                49.9                 213.3
             D035                                     59.7                28.7                 14.5
             D036                                     55.5                28.7                 111.0
             D037                                     67.2                36.3                 113.5
             D038                                     92.8                51.5                 213.4
             D039                                     58.2                29.4                 115.2
             D040                                     64.2                36.5                 17.9
             D041                                     60.0                33.6                 17.4
             D042                                     60.8                35.6                 17.3
             D043                                     71.3                38.3                 21.5
             D044                                     54.1                28.3                 13.8
             D045                                     75.1                42.9                 20.8
             D046                                     59.1                32.1                 18.3
             D047                                     66.9                37.1                 20.9










           Site D (cont   d)

           D048                              70.3             38.8             19.7
           D049                              83.4             49.0             26.7
           D050                              88.1             50.6             27.9
           D051                              76.1             40.6             22.4
           D052                              55.0             28.7             13.5
           D053                              70.8             37.1             18.8
           D054                              72.7             38.5             19.7
           D055                              .63.8            35.2             17.5
           D056                              74.3             38.8             22.1
           D057                              65.7             37.2             18.0
           D058                              64.9             37.1             19.0
           D059                              71.1             40.3             21.1
           D060                              75.7             49.0             20.0
           D061                              67.0             36.7             20.4
           D062                              58.6             33.0             17.6
           D063                              73.3             39.0             21.4
           D064                              70.2             38.2             20.7
           D065                              67.7             36.1             20.1
           D066                              71.6             41.2             20.2
           D067                              78.2             43.7             23.2
           D068                              71.0             41.5             21.8
           D069                              80.0             46.9             26.1
           D070                              81.6             46.1             25.4
           D071                              71.4             42.5             20.9
           D072                              71.4             39.6             21.7
           D073                              62.4             35.2             19.2
           D074                              75.4             41.1             20.5
           D075                              75.5             40.2             19.5
           D076                              78.9             43.9             22.1
           D077                              74.0             40.0             22.0
           D078                              87.7             46.3             22.8
           D079                              56.3             30.3             14.5
           D080                              67.4             37.6             19.3
           D081                              69.2             37.8             20.2
           D082                              68.8             37.3             18.5
           D083                              54.1             29.4             15.8
           D084                              72.6             40.0             23.0
           D085                              73.5             38.0             19.0
           D086                              69.5             39.5             20.0
           D087                              75.0             40.3             20.3
           D088                              67.3             38.2             20.4
           D089                              69.1             38.3             21.2
           D090                              68.6             36.5             17.3
           D091                              52.8             28.1             13.9
           D092                              75.3             41.3             21.3
           D093                              60.6             34.0             17.2
           D094                              64.8             36.7             19.8
           D095                              82.2             44.0             22.0
           D096                              92.8             50.2             26.4
           D097                              64.7             35.4             19.5
           D098                              64.8             36.9             18.9
           D099                              67.3             35.9             19.4









              Site   D (cont'd)

              D100                                     64.3                 37.3                 21.2
              D101                                     90.0                 50.7                 28.3
              D102                                     91.3                 51.8                 28.1
              D103                                     70.5                 38.2                 19.4
              D104                                     66.2                 36.3                 19.0
              D105                                     62.5                 35.5                 18.5
              D106                                     71.6                 37.5                 18.9
              D107                                     66.2                 37.2                 1.9.2
              D108                                     67.4                 36.7                 1.8.5
              D109                                     63.3                 33.9                 1.6.0
              D110                                     84.5                 46.3                 27.0
              D111                                     74.9                 42.3                 24.1
              D112                                     111.6                62.9                 31.5
              D113                                     84.4                 49.2                 27.7
              D114                                     59.5                 33.8                 3.6.2
              D115                                     70.0                 40.7                 23.3
              D116                                     53.0                 29.8                 3.5.4
              D117                                     59.5                 29.7                 1.4.9
              D118                                     71.9                 40.0                 21.8
              D119                                     72.3                 37.5                 20.0
              D120                                     82.0                 44.7                 22.6
              D121                                     88.2                 49.8                 23.2
              D122                                     75.5                 39.1                 20.0
                                                                                                 24.4
              D123                                     81.0                 46.4
              D124                                     73.5                 41.5                 20.7
              D125                                     72.2                 41.2                 20.4
              D126                                     72.6                 37.9                 19. 1
              D127                                     69.0                 38.9                 19 . 0
              D128                                     69.2                 38.7                 19 . 7
              D129                                     73.0                 39.8                 20.4
              D130                                     73.9                 40.6                 :11.4
              D131                                     62.4                 35.6                 IS . 5
              D132                                     61.5                 32.2                 16. 4
              D133                                     78.5                 42.1                 21.2
              D134                                     50.0                 27.5                 13.8
              D135                                     76.7                 40.2                 :23.2
              D136                                     69.2                 35.8                 19.5
              D137                                     74.9                 39.3                 20.0
              D138                                     71.2                 37.5                 18. 8
              D139                                     72.1                 37.8                 19.7
              D140                                     76.3                 40.9                 :21.4
              D141                                     76.1                 41.5                 :24.0
              D142                                     65.8                 36.1                 .19.7
              D143                                     65.6                 36.0                 18.3
              D144                                     73.1                 38.7                 .20.3
              D145                                     75.8                 41.3                 .21.9
              D146                                     71.3                 39.7                 21.2
              D147                                     71.4                 38.6                 20.4
              D148                                     89.9                 51.2                 27.1
              D149                                     83.5                 47.0                 25.2
              D150                                     53.4                 28.2                 14.0
              D151                                     65.5                 35.6                 19.4









          Site  D (cont*ld)

          D152                              66.2            35.7             19.3
          D153                              84.0            44.5             26.8
          D154                              46.2            26.3             13.3
          D155                              56.6            29.6             14.6
          D156                              39.6            22.4             12.0
          D157                              54.0            27.7             14.3
          D158                              50.7            27.3             14.2
          D159                              53.0            32.3             14.9
          D160                              60.6            32.3             14.9
          D161                              62.8            33.9             16.2
          D162                              64.5            34.5             18.9
          D163                              62.8            34.3             17.6
          D164                              67.3            37.9             19.5
          D165                              69.5            36.7             17.6
          D166                              61.7            33.6             14.6
          D167                              69.2            36.6             21.3
          D168                              68.5            37.2             18.8
          D169                              69.7            39.2             20.3
          D170                              76.3            43.1             24.5
          D171                              70.4            37.0             19.8
          D172                              84.1            46.5             28.2
          D173                              72.0            41.0             22.2
          D174                              79.5            43.0             24.7
          D175                              79.4            46.3             25.3
          D176                              86.5            47.9             26.2
          D177                              71.5            39.2             19.9
          D178                              87.1            49.7             22.9
          D179                              67.8            39.2             20.5
          D180                              55.0            28.8             14.4
          D181                              63.8            34.5             14.7
          D182                              71.4            40.0             19.6
          D183                              78.7            43.4             25.5
          D184                              57.0            28.7             14.7
          D185                              81.5            46.9             25.7
          D186                              68.7            37.5             19.9
          D187                              79.5            44.3             22.6
          D188                              65.8            37.2             16.2
          D189                              82.0            47.5             21.3
          D190                              50.8            27.7             15.2
          D191                              62.7            33.1             16.0
          D192                              70.0            36.9             19.5
          D193                              69.5            38.0             19.4
          D194                              75.7            41.5             20.9
          D195                              83.5            47.5             26.0
          D196                              67.4            37.4             19.4
          D197                              78.7            47.0             24.2
          D198                              78.5            41.7             23.0
          D199                              87.6            50.0             27.5
          D200                              58.6            32.1             15.5
          D201                              67.1            38.2             19.3
          D202                              68.6            37.1             19.9
          D203                              71.9            40.3             19.4








               Site   D (cont'd)

               D204                                     70.2                36.5                 19.6
               D205                                     69.5                40.0                 17.7
               D206                                     70.3                42.7                 20.6
               D207                                     52.4                28.3                 14.5
               D208                                     57.7                30.1                 13.2
               D209                                     90.7                46.2                 2 6. 1
               D210                                     70.9                37.6                 :20.7
               D211                                     74.4                41.8                 :21.0
               D212                                     67.3                39.1                 :20.4
               D213                                     66.2                36.8                 '19.4
               D214                                     63.3                35..5                19. 0
               D215                                     47.7                26.8                 @12.8
               D216                                     46.5                24.2                 12.4
               D217                                     61.2                .32.8                18.1
               D218                                     72.2                37.3                 20.9
               D219                                     67.5                38.0                 19.8
               D220                                     50.9                25.9                 13.7
               D221                                     70.3                39.1                 19.2
               D222                                     62.1                34.0                 17.9
               D223                                     74.2                40.4                 21.5
               D224                                     78.0                43.6                 20.7
               D225                                     75.7                42.0                 19.4
               D226                                     72.7                40.2                 21.7
               D227                                     65.6                37.0                 16.6
               D228                                     66.2                38.8                 20.5
               D229                                     65.7                35.7                 18.2
               D230                                     73.7                41.1                 21.2
               D231                                     61.9                33.4                 16.0
               D232                                     81.0                47.1                 25.2
               D233                                     56.0                28.7                 12.9
               D234'                                    62.1                34.1                 18.5
               D235                                     58.8                32.3                 16.6
               D236                                     92.4                49.8.                26.3
               D237                                     47.5                23.7                 12.2
               D238                                     52.2                29.4                 13.7
               D239                                     63.2                33.5                 18.0
               D240                                     69.1                38.0                 20.1
               D241                                     65.1                34.2                 17.7
               D242                                     66.0                33.9                 18.2
               D243                                     70.2                39.3                 20.3
               D244                                     53.1                29.0                 16.2
               D245                                     76.9                42.1                 21.1
               D246                                     74.4                40.6                 20.0
               D247                                     88.7                49.5                 25.7
               D248                                     49.9                28.2                 12.8
               D249                                     72.2                37.2                 18.2
               D250                                     70.6                36.2                 16.7
               D251                                     75.7                41.7                 20.2
               D252                                     54.2                28.5                 14.7
               D253                                     74.7                37.8                 20.6
               D254                                     69.3                38.1                 20.7
               D255                                     56.8                28.8                 14.9









          Site  D (cont'd)

          D256                              61.1            33.3             15.2
          D257                              69.3            37.3             19.5
          D258                              79.4            42.3             21.0
          D259                              76.4            43.1             22.8
          D260                              62.7            33.9             16.8
          D261                              68.1            36.3             19.5
          D262                              51.0            28.2             13.1
          D263                              71.6            40.2             20.5
          D264                              71.7            39.2             19.5
          D265                              65.3            38.0             19.2
          D266                              60.2            33.5             18.3
          D267                              48.6            26.1             12.0
          D268                              73.2            41.7             20.5
          D269                              76.3            43.1             24.9
          D270                              47.1            26.6             13.5
          D271                              51.9            26.9             13.8
          D272                              65.8            34.5             17.3
          D273                              71.3            35.7             20.0
          D274                              91.7            53.6             27.3
          D275                              77.8            44.4             21.2
          D276                              56.2            29.1             15.1
          D277                              61.1            33.5             18.4
          D278                              67.8            35.7             20.5
          D279                              63.3            33.8             18.2
          D280                              65.5            36.0             17.0
          D281                              63.4            33.5             14.9
          D282                              80.5            43.9             25.7
          D283                              73.7            40.1             20.4
          D284                              70.8            38.5             21.0
          D285                              54.7            30.2             15.6
          D286                              52.6            27.8             14.3
          D287                              71.8            38.7             18.5
          D288                              66.0            34.7             19.1
          D289                              66.3            38.6             22.3
          D290                              74.8            42.3             22.1
          D291                              72.9            41.5             22.5
          D292                              65.8            36.8             20.3
          D293                              63.2            33.9             18.6
          D294                              70.6            37.7             19.2
          D295                              56.5            28.2             16.1
          D296                              71.0            39.0             22.7
          D297                              52.3            39.4             14.5
          D298                              50.2            27.3             14.1
          D299                              73.7            39.9             20.7
          D300                              48.4            25.5             13.0
          D301                              59.5            32.4             16.7
          D302                              48.5            26.4             13.0
          D303                              60.0            33.8             17.0
          D304                              48.7            25.5             12.1
          D305                              60.7            35.2             17.9
          D306                              65.5            37.0             20.6
          D307                              73.6            38.9             19.2









             Site D (cont'd)

             D308                             85.2            49.7             24.7
             D309                             83.3            45.2             22.5
             D310                             72.5            39.2             18.6
             D311                             67.5            34.4             18.5
             D312                             66.3            35.5             19.3
             D313                             61.2            32.8             18.0
             D314                             63.3            34.0             19.1
             D315                             49.5            26.5             13.5
             D316                             53.5            28.8             13.4
             D317                             67.2            36.5             20.7
             D318                             67.8            34.6             20.5
             D319                             61.0            32.6             16.3
             D320                             51.7            26.8             13.5
             D321                             53.6            29.5             13.4
             D322                             61.8            33.0             20.2
             D323                             69.2            35.8             20.5
             D324                             63.5            35.5             18.3
             D325            no measurements taken   on this  animal
             D326                             61.3            33.3             18.9
             D327                             69.6            36.9             20.0
             D328                             68.7            37.3             19.1
             D329                             75.2            39.7             20.5
             D330                             75.4            40.0             21.5
             D331                             43.9            23.1             12.2
             D332                             57.9            30.0             14.7
             D333                             56.5            31.1             15.3
             D334                             55.8            29.0             15.2
             D335                             56.3            31.2             15.3
             D336                             58;.0           32.0             16.2
             D337                             55.5            29.5             14.1
             D338                             57.8            31.2             14.5
             D339                             71.2            39.0             20.7
             D340                             70.5            37.6             22.5
             D341                             48.8            24.5             13.0
             D342                             66.5            34.0             15.7
             D343                             68.5            36.7             18..6
             D344                             93.5            52.7             27.8
             D345                             70.8            38.9             19.5
             D346                             67.0            36.5             18.6
             D347                             69.3            36.9             21.1
             D348                             68.9            39.8             21.9
             D349                             67.5            35.3             20.0
             D350                             59.8            32.1             16.6
             D351                             64.5            37.5             20.2
             D352                             72.5            39.0             20.9
             D353                             68.7            38.0             19.5
             D354                             63.3            36.0             19.7
             D355                             46.2            25.1             11.5
             D356                             88.2            47.0             24.3
             D357                             64.3            34.1             19.9
             D358                             75.7            39.9             21.0
             D359                             78.7            44.8             28.0









          Site D (cont'd)

          D360                              59.5            32.7             18.3
          D361                              46.5            26.7             11.4
          D362                              79.2            43.9             19.8
          D363                              83.7            45.8             24.5
          D364                              85.4            50.5             25.4
          D365                              72.8            39.3             21.5
          D366                              80.6            43.7             24.8
          D367                              66.2            36.3             15.5
          D368                              44.5            23.8             12.0
          D369                              66.1            36.1             18.2
          D370                              77.6            41.5             22.9
          D371                              63.5            33.7             17.5
          D372                              66.8            37.1             17.6
          D373                              109.6           59.0             30.6
          D374                              88.7            50.5             31.7
          D375                              90.2            49.4             24.5
          D376                              70.1            39.3             18.7
          D377                              50.5            26.1             13.2
          D378                              78.6            45.3             28.3
          D379                              55.9            30.0             15.3
          D380                              58.2            30.3             15.2
          D381                              67.6            37.2             18.1
          D382                              95.8            58.2             29.7
          D383                              69.0            39.3             20.6
          D384                              63.0            32.8             17.6
          D386                              70.6            37.4             20.2
          D387                              78.0            44.6             25.0
          D388                              55.5            30.9             15.4
          D389                              59.0            32.5             17.0
          D390                              78.0            42.8             22.4
          D391                              63.5            35.2             19.4
          D392                              41.6            22.3             10.9
          D393                              70.7            39.3             21.3
          D394                              51.1            28.4             13.2
          D395                              73.2            38.3             19.2
          D396                              62.4            33.8             17.1
          D397                              58.5            29.3             13.7
          D398                              67.6            39.3             18.5
          D399                              69.6            38.2             19.3
          D400                              83.0            51.0             26.0
          D401                              67.7            38.9             20.4
          D402                              65.8            35.4             18.0
          D403                              58.5            31.0             14.5
          D404                              62.0            33.1             15.9
          D405                              68.9            38.3             19.2
          D406                              62.5            34.8             18.0
          D407                              47.8            25.4             13.2
          D408                              50.1            27.9             14.1
          D409                              69.7            38.1             20.5
          D410                              77.7            45.0             24.1
          D411                              70.5            38.0             19.5
          D412                              55.9            28.2             14.1









            Site  D (cont'd)

            D413                             80.6             42.6            19.2
            D414                             67.9             36.8            19.0
            D415                             56.1             31.2            15.0
            D416                             76.3             41.3            20.4
            D417                             66.4             36.3            18.1
            D419                             68.7             37.2            19.9
            D420                             64.3             34.1            15.3
            D421                             71.7             38.2            18.5
            D422                             65.6             35.7            18.1
            D423                             65.5             36.5            19.0
            D424                             50.9             27.8            15.0
            D426                             55.2             31.7            16.3
            D427                             73.4             39.5            15.9
            D428                             84.7             48.0            27.5
            D429                             67.4             38.3            18.5
            D430                             60.4             33.3            17.3
            D431                             48.7             26.1            12.8
            D432                             63.7             37.5            19.6
            D433                             66.9             36.8            19.5
            D434                             71.6             41.4            20.2
            D435                             59.4             33.4            19.0
            D436                             62.4             34.4            17.1
            D437                             74.9             41.5            20.0
            D438                             55.4             31.1            16.0
            D439                             59.9             34.2            19.2
            D440                             86.0             49.0'           27.5
            D441                             80.8             46.6            24.3
            D442                             72.4             40.2            20.0
            D443                             71.8             39.2            20.2
            D444                             62.4             33.9            16.4
            D445                             56.8             30.9            14.7
            D446                             59.1             30.9            14.8
            D447                             68.2             37.7            21.0
            D448                             68.6             38.7            20.3
            D449                             70.9             37.8            20.6
            D450                             63.8             34.5            18.0
            D451                             52.8             28.5            13.0
            D452                             49.0             25.6            12.7
            D453                             73.1             42.5            21.8
            D454                             73.3             39.2            22.2
            D455                             76.3             39.5            20.5
            D456                             56.7             31.1
            D457                             53.2             30.3            14.6
            D458                             56.2             32.8            17.0
            D459                             82.6             46.9            23.4
            D460                             66.2             34.0            16.9
            D461                             64.0             35.4            20.3
            D462                             77.4             41.7            20.4
            D463                             66.3             38.3            21.1
            D464                             86.5             49.1            27.0
            D465                             61.2             34.8            18.9
            D466                             68.8             38.9            20.4









          Site  D (cont'd)

          D467                              63.1             35.0            15.5
          D468                              76.9             43.6            26.4
          D469                              47.4             24.0            12.3
          D471                              69.0             42.5            22.7
          D472                              67.3             35.5            17.5
          D473                              66.1             37.1            20.1
          D474                              61.4             36.7            18.0
          D479                              80.2             46.8            27.4
          D480                              72.7             39.6            22.9
          D481                              58.2             31.5            14.7
          D482                              56.4             33.5            18.1


          Total number marked at site D     = 473


          Elliptio, complanata from site    B (Gauging station B, Stevens Mill
          Run).


          Identification                    Length           Height          Width
                                            mm               mm              mm

          ------------------------------------------------------------------



          B001                              73.4             41.3            23.5
          B002                              64.0             34.8            18.3
          B003                              79.5             45.2            24.9
          B004                              81.1             44.8            23.8
          B005                              79.1             43.7            25.8
          B006                              104.7-           60.9            29.8
          B007                              85.4             46.8            28.1
          B009                              80.6             44.7            25.9
          B010                              75.0             42.7            24.2
          B011                              61.5             35.4            19.3
          B012                              57.7             32.0            16.4
          B013                              76.3             42.1            24.0
          B014                              72.9             42.8            24.9
          B015                              61.0             33.9            18.7
          B016                              81.2             45.7            25.3
          B017                              80.1             45.5            26.4
          B018                              67.0             38.7            22.6
          B019                              87.5             45.1            24.5
          B020                              71.2             40.6            19.6
          B021                              84.7             49.2            26.7
          B022                              72.1             40.6            20.9
          B.023                             50.6             26.9            13.7
          B025                              85.6             47.7            28.7
          B026                              86.5             4.7.2           25.7
          B027                              74.3             43.8            23.9
          B028                              73.1             42.7            22.6
          B029                              71.1             39.1            23.4
          B030                              67.2             38.6            19.6
          B031                              8.4.7            48.1            27.5









              Site B (cont'd)

              B032                                78.3             44.0              25.5
              B033                                67.5             40.4              21.3
              B035                                77.9             43.4              23.1
              B036                                98.6             54.2              26.9
              B037                                57.6             32.4              18.7
              B038                                80.0             43.6              25.6
              B040                                87.9             47.5              25.4
              B041                                79.3             44.3
              B043                                76.3             41.3              24.9
              B044                                71.4             42.1              22.1
              B045                                72.3             42.5              21.5
              B046                                75.6             42.3              20.6
              B047                                77.8             43.9              26.3
              B048                                69.3             37.7              20.1
              B049                                95.0             50.9              27.5
              B050                                55.0             28.5              15.4
              B051                                83.8             45.9              26.8
              B052                                71.3             40.2              23.1
              B053                                79.4             46.0              27.0
              B054                                85.7             47.5              27.4
              B055                                89.2             48.5,             29.8
              B056                                68.3             41.4              21.6
              B057                                76.8             44.1              22.9
              B058                                82.5             43.4              21.6
              B059                                81.0             46.4              25.0
              B060                                75.6             40.2              23.6
              B061                                39.1             21.3              11.7
              B062                                88.4             49.1              26.9
              B063                                87.3             50.5              28.2
              B064                                94.6             51.5              27.7
              B065                                77.8             45.3              24.9
              B066                                67.9             41.3              21.5
              B067                                78.4             43.0              25.2
              B068                                84.5             46.6              29.1
              B070                                90.1             49.4              26.1
              B071                                76.2             41.1              26.1
              B072                                88.0             50.0              27.8
              B073                                92.7             50.4              27.2
              B074                                107.6            58.4              30.7
              B075                                85.7             50.4              25.7
              B076                                91.7             50.3              27.0
              B077                                77.6             44.1              23.7
              B078                                90.4             50.5              25.7
              B079                                57.3             32.2              15.5
              B080                                98.3             52.5              31.2
              BOSI                                                 45.2              25.3
              B082                                67.2             38.5              21.5
              B083                                68.1             39.1              19.6
              B084                                85.8             47.3              23.9
              B085                                81.0             46.4              24.5
              B086                                .61.4            34.4              18.2
              B087                                74.7             41.6              20.3









          Site  B (cont'd)

          B088                              93.3            52.8             26.0
          B089                              69.1            38.1             18.7
          B090                              73.3            40.0             23.6
          B091                              77.8            45.3             22.5
          B092                              73.5            42.1             19.8
          B093                              71.6            39.7             23.2
          B094                              78.9            47.2             26.5
          B095                              72.6            41.3             25.7
          B096                              74.4            42.0             24.9
          B097                              85.0            46.8             27.7
          B098                              77.2            42.3             21.6
          BIOO                              73.6            43.5             23.6
          B101                              65.7            36.6             19.5
          B102                              60.6            34.6             20.2
          B103                              64.6            35.8             18.4
          B105                              58.8            30.8             15.5
          B106                              79.2            43.0             25.7
          B107                              72.4            41.2             22.7
          B108                              57.5            34.6             18.8
          B109                              54.8            31.4             18.4
          B110                              86.0            45.3             25.8
          B111                              78.9            44.5             23.3
          B112                              89.0            51.4             27.5
          B113                              83.1            48.8             28.3
          B114                              73.7            41.7             23.2
          B115                              62.7            35.8             16.0
          B116                              76.0            42.9             23.3
          B117                              63.0            36.0             19.0
          B118                              72.0.           38.1             23.0
          B120                              61.3            34.0             20.2
          B121                              53.5            27.7             14.2
          B122                              84.0            44.7             23.4
          B123                              73.3            43.6             21.0
          B124                              70.3            42.6             24.9
          B126                              82.3            46.2             21.6
          B127                              77.0            42.5             24.0
          B128                              75.5            40.7             21.3
          B129                              74.8            41.7             24.4
          B130                              61.8            33.8             18.3
          B131                              68.7            40.0             21.0
          B132                              79.8            44.8             20.8
          B133                              68.3            37.6             20.7
          B134                              69.4            39.4             23.1
          B135                              68.2            38.0             19.6
          B136                              63.0            33.7             18.3
          B137                              74.3            41.5             21.3
          B138                              71.9            41.4             21.3
          B139                              52.5            27.2             14.0
          B140                              47.8            27.8             14.2
          B141                              77.2            41.8             22.4
          B142                              84.8            47.0             24.7
          B143                              96.5            49.8             28.0









            Site  B (cont'd)

            B144                             69.4             37.9            23.6
            B145                             69.7             43.0            20.2
            B146                             73.5             41.7            23.4
            B147                             78.6             42.1            23.5
            B148                             82.1             46.5            27.8
            B149                             71.0             37.9            19.8
            B150                             75.4             41.8            23.7
            B151                             87.7             49.0            25.4
            B152                             72.0             40.2            22.1
            B153                             89.3             50.6            23.4
            B154                             79.1             43.1            23.8
            B155                             58.7             33.1            17.7
            B156                             70.7             40.3            23.3
            B157                             74.2             43.7            23.0
            B158                             67.5             39.5            20.4
            B159                             90.2             48.6            27.7
            B160                             65.3             34.8            19.9
            B161                             78.3             43.7            21.6
            B162                             49.6             29.1            14.1
            B163                             48.9             27.8            13.9
            B164                             60.5             31.9            18.8
            B165                             71.1             39.4            23.9
            B166                             65.3             36.2            16.9
            B167                             94.5             51.2            26.2
            B168                             80.7             44.0            26.1
            B169                             82.9             46.5            23.4
            B170                             83.1             46.0            27.0
            B172                             66.4             37.7            16.2
            B173                             83.2             47.4            25.1
            B174                             78.6             41.2            23.6
            B175                             68.7             40.1            22.5
            B176                             62.5             33.5            60.2
            B177                             63.3             37.1            20.1
            B178                             54.6             31.5            16.0
            B179                             -70.6            39.2            21.5
            B180                             61.6             35.2            17.0
            B181                             49.8             28.6            14.0
            B182                             55.1             30.4            16.8
            B183                             90.1             53.3            28.6
            B184                             84.0             46.5            23.7
            B185                             84.8             43.8            27.0
            B186                             102.6            56.8            27.4
            B187                             71.2             38.6            20.4
            B188                             79.2             44.0            25.2
            B189                             84.3             50.0            25.5
            B190                             78.0             43.8            23.7
            B191                             94.1             52.4            31.1
            B192                             76.6             45.0            25.4
            B193                             79.1             46.4            24.6
            B194                             73.8             41.2            24.4
            B195                             69.4             38.5            19.5
            B196                             59.8             29.9            16.6










          Site B (cont'd)

          B197                              87.4            46.0             27.4
          B198                              61.3            33.9             18.6
          B199                              57.5            32.4             16.3
          B200                              80.5            43.3             26.7
          B201                              79.9            44.4             26.2
          B202                              81.0            47.4             22.0
          B203                              81.5            44.8             23.8
          B204                              90.3            48.2             27.5
          B205                              76.7            42.8             21.9
          B206                              82.6            44.8             25.4
          B207                              76.6            42.2             23.0
          B208                              70.1            41.5             22.3
          B209                              84.4            49.4             27.2
          B210                              64.4            35.6             20.7
          B211                              76.9            43.1             23.3
          B212                              75.8            43.1             23.5
          B213                              82.2            47.0             22.0
          B214                              67.5            37.0             22.0
          B215                              80.0            45.8             26.4
          B216                              59.2            33.5             18.1
          B217                              84.2            47.0             27.0
          B218                              82.2            46.2             26.9
          B219                              72.2            40.5             21.9
          B220                              73.2            40.5             20.7
          B221                              74.1            40.2             18.5
          B222                              60.8            35.9             20.5
          B223                              56.5            30.5             16.3
          B224                              86.8            50.2             27.2
          B225                              71.7            42.5             23.7
          B226                              83.5            48.3             26.8
          B227                              68.5            37.2             20.4
          B228                              60.8            32.0             21.9
          B229                              75.0            41.2             25.2
          B230                              55.4            31.1             15.1
          B231                              78.3            43.5             23.8
          B232                              66.8            38.2             20.3
          B233                              73.5            42.5             24.7
          B234                              77.0            43.5             25.0
          B235                              68.0            40.0             19.5
          B236                              66.2            37.3             17.4
          B237                              82.3            47.3             22.2
          B238                              74.3            43.1             24.6
          B239                              77.2            42.8             23.4
          B240                              82.2            43.1             23.6
          B241                              78.8            43.4             25.3
          B242                              83.1            45.8             27.0
          B243                              59.9            36.8             20.5
          B244                              55.8            30.5             13.7
          B245                              83.5            44.9             25.2
          B246                              78.9            45.7             23.6
          B247                              79.2            43.9             25.4
          B248                              57.2            29.9             13.2









              Site  B (cont'd)

              B249                                40.5              .20.7              11.6
              B251                                23.8              13.0               5.4
              B252                                20.7              11.7               5.5
              B253                                79.6              45.5               22.6
              B254                                87.5              48.6               25.0
              B255                                93.2              50.9               32.1
              B256                                96.6              53.2               28.1
              B257                                75.9              43.1               22.1
              B258                                98.4              57.6               28.2
              B259                                51.3              34.5               17.4
              B260                                74.0              42.8               23.2
              B261                                76.8              42.8               25.5
              B262                                54.7              30.1               17.0
              B263                                62.7              36.6               18.2
              B264                                55.0              29.8               16.0
              B265                                92.6              51.5               28.2
              B266                                77.5              45.4               27.9
              B267                                107.6             59.7               31.5
              B268                                81.5              45.1               21.5
              B269                                78.9              46.0               25.9
              B270                                67.3              38.3               21.5
              B271                                92.0              49.4               30.1
              B272                                66.9              38.8               19.9
              B273                                88.2              49.9               24.2
              B274-                               72.1              41.7               24.7
              B275                                74.5              42.1               25.0
              B276                                74.8              39.9               23.3
              B277                                60.2              34.5               19.6
              B278                                72.7              41 *'. 3           24.8
              B279                                69.7              40.1               21.8
              B280                                71.2              38.2               20.5
              B281                                99.1              57.8               29.7
              B282                                71.1              38.2               20.7
              B283                                81.3              45.6               25.8
              B284                                84.3              45.9               22.3
              B285                                53.8              30.1               15.3
              B286                                84.0              43.9               26.6
              B287                                76.0              43.4               25.3
              B288                                74.7              41.8               23.4
              B289                                98.6              52.6               26.3
              B290                                81.5              48.1               25.3
              B291                                81.2              44.5               23.2
              B292                                70.7              39.4               20.7
              B293                                73.8              39.3               25.7
              B294                                56.5              31.3               15.3
              B295                                83.1              46.2               22.7
              B296                                83.1              47.6               27.3
              B297                                63.0              35.9               20.8
              B298                                72.6              42.7               23.0
              B299                                69.8              40.7               21.4
              B300                                64.1              36.6               18.0
              B301                                70.3              38.4               20.1









          site B (cont  d)

          B302                             51.9             27.6            14.8
          B303                             88.0             50.4            26.6
          B304                             81.1             46.6            25.1
          B305                             67.8             38.3            17.8
          B306                             52.0             27.7            13.2
          B307                             69.5             38.8            21.9
          B308                             63.9             35.6            16.2
          B309                             78.4             43.5            24.9
          B310                             65.8             38.1            17.5
          B311                             49.5             28.8            14.4
          B312                             72.2             44.5            22.6
          B313                             30.9             17.6            10.8
          B314                             73.1             39.2            23.8
          B315                             82.5             46.3            28.6
          B316                             78.6             43.5            25.8
          B317                             80.5             44.6            22.8
          B318                             78.1             43.2            21.7
          B319                             78.2             43.4            25.8
          B320                             87.3             46.8            26.1
          B321                             89.9             49.5            29.0
          B322                             88.1             50.4            23.3
          B323                             80.7             41.9            25.3
          B324                             67.1             36.4            14.8
          B325                             69.7             36.3            17.1
          B326                             89.1             51.2            25.9
          B327                             69.9             40.9            22.1
          B328                             85.1             49.1            24.9
          B329                             86.4             47.3            28.5
          B330                             90.7             53.3            31.5
          B331                             67.7             37.8            24.0
          B332                             77.2             46.2            24.7
          B333                             64.5             38.2            21.9
          B334                             81.2             44.9            25.5
          B335                             62.5             33.5      not meas.
          B336                             78.9             43.8            26.2
          B337                             61.0             34.2            17.7
          B338                             78.2             43.3            24.6
          B339                             51.9             29.4            13.6
          B340                             58.7             32.6            15.8
          B341                             58.5             34.0            15.3
          B342                             70.0             41.5            24.5
          B343                             75.8             43.6            24.7
          B344                             58.7             31.3            14.9
          B345                             84.0             46.7            23.0
          B346                             77.9             43.4            21.5
          B347                             86.7             50.9            28.5
          B348                             81.5             48.7            26.1
          B349                             84.7             45.4            26.2
          B350                             73.1             41.8            21.5
          B351                             81.0             46.7            26.4
          B352                             84.0             51.0            24.8
          B353                             54.5             30.6            17.2








             Site   B (cont'd)

             B354                                     76.6                42.3                 25.1
             B355                                     72.9                42.0                 20.2
             B356                                     84.9                47.7                 29.1
             B357                                     81.1                44.0                 2:3.8
             B358                                     71.0                43.0                 22. 7
             B359                                     72.7                40.5                 22.8
             B360                                     87.6                45.4                 25.2
             B361                                     81.4                47.2                 26.3
             B362                                     79.5                45.0                 215.5
             B363                                     80.6                46.4                 245.3
             B364                                     78.1                42.4                 2:3.0
             B365                                     48.1                25.4                 11.8
             B366                                     66.5                36.5                 20.1
             B367                                     83.9                45.8                 26.7
             B368                                     97.9                51.6                 27.6

             number 296 was triple-tagged.
             number 312 and numbers 314-368 above were double-tagged.

             Total number marked at site B = 356


             Recaptures recorded during 1995 from site B (with date of
             recapture).

             Mussel Number       Date    Recaptured



             B002                3/15
             B004                3/15
             B006                3/15
             B007                3/15
             B008                3/15
             BOII                3/15
             B012                3/17
             B013                3/16
             B014                3/16
             B016                3/15
             B017                3/15
             B019                3/15
             B020                3/15
             B025                3/15
             B028                3/15
             B029                3/15
             B030                3/15
             B037                3/15
             B038                3/15
             B051                3/15
             B040                3/16
             B042*               3/16
             B043                3/16
             B047                3/16









         Recaptures (cont'd)

         B049             3/16
         B054             3/16
         B055             3/16
         B056             3/16
         B058             3/16
         B059             3/16
         B060             3/16
         B062             3/16
         B064             3/16
         B067             3/16
         B068             3/16
         B073             3/16
         B076             3/16
         B077             3/16                     =Pyganadon cataracta

         Total number of recaptures      38












               Date 5/04/95



               Grant: NOAA            CZM         10/01/93 Principal Task: Gage

                                                     Grant Funds        State Funds       In Kind


                         Contractual        Allocated       66,934.00        52,707.00              0.00
                                              Spent      66,934.00         60,032.88

                                         ----------------------------------------------------
                                          Remaining             0.00      (7,325.88)            0.00

                         Equipment            Allocated           0.00          100.00            0.00
                                              Spent                       100.00

                                         ----------------------------------------------------
                                          Remaining             0.00            0.00           0.00

                         Fringe             Allocated         755.00             0.00        4,978.00
                                              Spent        755.00                       3,502.79

                                         ----------------------------------------------------
                                          Remaining             0.00            0.00      1)475.21

                         Personnel          Allocated        5,993.00            0.00        15,311.00
                                              Spent      5,993.00              .51       14,561.74

                                         ----------------------------------------------------
                                          Remaining             0.00            (.51)        749.26

                         Travel             Allocated           0.00          600.00           0.00
                                              Spent                      600.00

                                         ----------------------------------------------------
                                          Remaining             0.00            0.00           0.00











           NOAA CZM I O/ol /93



                Expenditure                                                Expenditure                                                   Funding   Overall
                   Date       Recipient                   Expenditure      Description                                                   Source    Allocation
                 12-Oct-04    VPI&SU                        $11,631.00     Install Gages                                                 Grant     Contractual
                 21 -Nov-94   VPI&SU                        $38,369.00     Install Gages                                                 Grant     Contractual
                 12-Dec-94    VCU                           $2,644.46      Biomonitoring 1011 /94 through 3/30195                        Grant     Contractual
                 1 "an-05     VCU                           $7,018.06      Blomontioring                                                 Grant     Contractual
                 30-Mar-05    VCU                           $7,080.54      Biomonttoring 10/1194 through 3/30/95                         Grant     Contractual
                 30-Mar-95    VPI&SU                          $190.94      Gage Monitoring (Jan'95 - Mar'95)                             Grant     Contractual
                 30-Mar-05    DNH                             $755.00      Final Report Mussel Surveys                                   Grant     Fringe
                 16-Nov-94    Div. Natural Heritage         $2,652.51      Mussel Survey - Personnel bilied to Contractual               Grant     Personnel
                 29-Mar-95    DNH Reimbursement             $3,341.00      Final Report Mussel Surveys                                   Grant     Personnel
                 05-Apr-05    CBLAD                           ($0.51)      Adjustment to DNH Personnel Expenses                          Grant     Personnel
                                                            $73,682.TO


                 26-Mar-94    C.W. Jackson Hauling            $566.82      Repairs to Mr. Atkinson's driveway at Gage Site C             State     Contractual
                 28-Apr-G4    VPI&SU                        $38,369.46     Purchase Gage Equipment and Supplies                          State     Contractual
                 15-Nov-94    VCU                             $787.86      Biomonttoring                                                 State     Contractual
                 22-Nov-94    VPI&SU                        $1,133.52      Install Gages                                                 State     Contractual
                 08-Dec-94    VPI&SU                        $12,822.00     Gage Monitoring                                               State     Contractual
                 17-Jan-G5    VCU                           $1,919.14      Siomonftoring                                                 State     Contractual
                 31 -Mar-95   VPI&SU                        $4,434.06      Gage Monitoring (Jan'95 - Mar'95)                             State     Contractual
                 29-Mar-05    Div Natural Heritage            $100.00      Equipment reimbursement                                       State     Equipment
                 04-Apr-05    CBLAD                           $0.51        Adjustment to DHN Personnel Expenses                          State     Personnel
                 30-Mar-G5    Div Natural Heritage            $600.00      Travel Reimbursement                                          State     Travel
                                                            $60,733.39










          NOAA CZM 10/01/93


          In Kind Expenditures

                               Time Period         Overall
          Position                Ends           Allocation      DOLLARS

          EE Fringe             30-Jun-94          Fringe          $15.93
          SEN Fringe            30-Jun-94          Fringe          $39.04
          EE Fringe             30-Sep-94          Fringe          $42,48
          SEN Fringe            30-Sep-94          Fringe          $39.04
          CE Fringe             31-Dec-94          Fringe          $378.00
          DNH Eco Fri           31-Dec-94          Fringe          $385.60
          DNH Zoo Fri           31 -Dec-94         Fringe          $822.40
          EE Fringe             31-Dec-94          Fringe          $185.26
          SEC Fringe            31-Dec-94          Fringe          $72-48
          SEN Fringe            31-Dec-94          Fringe          $554,40,
          CE Fringe             30-Mar-95          Fringe          $270.00
          EE Fringe             30-Mar-95          Fringe          $174.64
          SEC Fringe            30-Mar-95          Fringe          $48.32
          SEN Fringe            30-Mar-95          Fringe          $475.20
                                                                   $3,502.79


          EE Salary             30-Jun-94        Personnel         $208.04
          SEN Salary            30-Jun-94        Personnel         $132.00
          EE Salary             30-Sep-94        Personnel         $554.76
          SEN Salary            30-Sep-94        Personnel         $132.00
          CE Salary             31 -Dec-94       Personnel       $1,259.44
          DNH Zoo Per           31 -Dec-94       Personnel       $2,740.00
          EE Salary             31 -Dec-94       Personnel       $2,471.18
          SEC Salary            31-Dec-94        Personnel         $241.92
          SEN Salary            @1 -Dec-94       Personnel       $t,848.00
          CE Salary             30-Mar-95        Personnel         $899.60
          EE Salary             30-Mar-95        Personnel       $2,329.52
          SEC Salary            30-Mar-95        Personnel         $161.28
          SEN Salary            30-Mar-95.       Personnel       $1,584.00
                                                                 -$14,561.74




          INTERAGENCY TRANSFER INVOICE





          SUPPLIED BY:         CREDIT                                SUPPLIED TO:           CHARGE
          AGENCY    VIRGINIA TECH          CODE  230                 AGENCY   FISCAL OFFICER                     CODE
          OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS           208                 CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL ASS'T DEP                                                                                                                    
                                                                     ADDRESS   805 EAST BROAD ST., SUITE 701                                                                      
          ADDRESS     340 BURRUSS HALL                               RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 23219                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                     SHIPPED TO                  
          BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA 24061-0249                            AGENCY REFERENCE NO.                                                           

          INV 1          0072 437952-0320    DATE  10/12/94                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
          APPROVED BY Walter Terry (703)231-9387                                                                                                                                                             
          DATE OF DELIVERY      DESCRIPTION OF   OR SERVICES     QNTY    UNIT    UNIT PRICE       AMOUNT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     7/1/94              TRANSFER FUNDS FOR POLECAT CREEK                                  20,022.00                                                                                                             20.022.00
            THROUGH             WATERSHED PROJECT.
            9/30/94
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    20,022.00                                                                                                  


                                                                                                                            
            136     230       03 02 96                                 06050                      20,022.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      COST CODE  AGENC  PSU   AGY. REFERENCE.                 INVOICE       DUE DATE        REF DOC                                                                 437952                       DATE   NUMBER  MM DD YY        NUMBER   SX
             DEXCRIPTION                 NUMBER                 SUBSIDIARY ACCOUNT          MULTI-       

                                                                                            PURPOSE

                                     FUND                 PROGRAM          REV                  PROJECT
           TRANS   AGENCY  GLA     FUND  DET    FFY    PROG  SUB EIE  OBJ  SOURCE      AMOUNT   PROJ  TK  PH
            380     408            100    00    95     503   02      1244             11631.00  40002
 
           COST                                                     INVOICE           DUE DATE  REF DOC
           CODE    FIPS     PSD    AGY. REFERENCE            DATE       NUMBER       MM DD YY   NUMBER SX


                                      CURRENT DOCUMENT    SUBSIDIARY         MULTI-       CHECK IF EXP.
                DESCRIPTION               NUMBER    SX       ACCOUNT        PURPOSE       DISTRIBUTION
                                                                                                  SHEETS ARE
                                                                                                  ATTACHED







           VIRGINIA TECH-                                  CHES. BAY LOCAL ASST
           OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROdAAMS      208          805 EAST BROAD STREET, SUITE 701
           340BURRUSSHALL                                  RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 23129
           BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA 24061-0249                IATTENTION: JEAN TINGLER

                                 9


                                 FOR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A       TOTAL AMT
                     WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM FOR POLECAT            $39,502.52
           THROUGH   CREEK WATERSHED - 94-408-04
           9/30/94
                     CREDIT: 437880-0320



                                                                                       615ETTA@RRY
                                                                                       RESEARCH ADMIN.
                                                                                       PHONE:
                                                                                       (703) 231-9387


                                                                                                  8
                                                                            $39,502.52 (703) 231-4 22


                                            TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION



                 136    208      03   102 195                   06050       $39,502.52

                                                                                       . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                        wo W-0-41
                                  437880








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                                                                  DISTRIBUTION CON71NUATION SHEET



                                                                                    VOUCHER-                                                                 DATE
                                                                                                                                                                               ON DD


                                         FUND                         OGRAM                                            I
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                                                                                                         SOURCE                                                                PROJECT I YX              PH
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                   f"         PSD        AGENCY REFERENCE                     DATE                             NUMBER                          MM     DO       YY              NUMBER               sx


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       COST       FIPS        PSO        AGENCY REY.-                                                                                             DUE DATE                     REFERENCE DOC
                                                                              DATE                             NUMBER                          MM     DO       YY              NUMBER

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                                                                                                NUMBER                             ACCOUNT                   PURPOSE





       TRAMI AGENCY GLA                                                  RAM            LAM=%, I                                               AMOUNT
                                     FRU MND DMET           PROG SUB                                     SOURCE                                                                PROJECT            TK    PH



       COST                                                                                         INVOICE                                       DUE DATE                     REFERENCE DOC
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                                     DESCRIPTION                                             WR-RiNT DMOCUME                       @U-SSIDI='                MULTI-
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       TRANS AGENCY GLA                                                  RAM                                                                   AMOUNT
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       CODE       FIPS        PSO        AGENCY REFERENCE,                    DATE                             NUMBER                                                                               sx
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       TRANS AGENCY GLA                             ffy    PROG                                          SOURCE                                AMOUNT                          PROJECT            Tx    PH


                                                                                                    INVOICE                                       DUE DATE
                                                                                                                                                                               F





























       COST                                                                                                                                                                    =REr DOC
       CODE       FIPS I pso             AGENCY REIFERENCE                    DATE                             NUMBER                          Mm     Do       YY                  BE               ex


                                     DESCRIPTION                                             CURRENt DOC                           SU13SIDIARY               MuLTf-            CHEM F EXPENOfTURE
                                                                                                NUMBER                Sx           ACCOUNT                   PURPOSE           DWRIBUTION CONTMIATION
                                                                                                                                                                                 twft@lv
                                                                                                                                                                                 ARE
                                                                                                                                                                                 ATTACIIIIED


DA-02-039 (REV.7/86)
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS

INTERAGENCY TRANSFER INVOICE                                                        *121294-378GC

SUPPLIED BY:               CREDIT                           SUPPLIED TO:                   CHARGE
AGENCY   VA Commonwealth University              CODE       AGENCY  Chesapeake Local Assistance Dept.      CODE
         Grants and Contracts Accounting         236                Fiscal Office                           408

ADDRESS  Box 843039                                         ADDRESS 701 E Broad Street, Suite 701
         Richmond, Va 23284-3039                                    Richmond, Va 23219

INVOICE NUMBER                       DATE (MM/DD/YY)        SHIPPED TO
        #2                                121294                    Attn:  Jean Tingler
REQUISITION NUMBER                                          AGENCY REFERENCE NO.


DATE OF 
DELIVERY                       DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES OR SERVICES                     QUANTITY   UNIT     UNIT   AMOUNT
OR SERVICE                                                                                                 PRICE


Month           To request payment in accordance with the contract between
Ending          Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance and VCU for the project
11/30/94        entitled "Local-Term Biological Characterization of Water
                Quality of Polecat Creek..." under the direction of Dr(s)
                Greg C. Garman and Len Smock.                                                                     2,644.46



                0-38022-4213

NOTE:  SECTION 9 OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES MANUAL LISTS TRANSACTION CODES
AUTHORIZED FOR USE ON THIS DOCUMENT.    
I certify that this voucher is in agreement with the merchandise or service for which payment is being made; and further,
that computations and coding on the voucher are correct and discounts taken are proper.  Initial JP

VOUCHER NUMBER 950334   DATE (MM/DD/YY) 011995   TOTAL THIS SHEET  2,644.46  TOTAL SHEET 2  TOTAL SHEET 3 TOTAL SHEET 4
AMOUNT CERTIFIED FOR PAYMENT  
TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION
TRANS   AGENCY   GLA   FUND     FFY        PROGRAM       OBJECT   REVENUE          AMOUNT                PROJECT
                      FUND DET        PROG  SUB ELE                SOURCE                          PROJECT   TK   PH
136      236           03  02   95                                06050             2644.46

COST    FIPS     PSD  AGENCY REFERENCE                         INVOICE              DUE DATE       REFERENCE DOC
CODE                                             DATE                NUMBER         MM DD YY       NUMBER         SX

                      DEXCRIPTION                          CURRENT DOCUMENT       SUBSIDIARY      MULTI-
                                                             NUMER         SX     ACCOUNT         PURPOSE

TRANS   AGENCY   GLA   FUND     FFY         PROGRAM     OBJECT      REVENUE       AMOUNT               PROJECT
                      FUND DET         PROG  SUB  ELE               SOURCE                        PROJECT  TK  PH
380     408           01   00   95     503   02         1244                        2644.46

COST    FIPS     PSD  AGENCY REFERENCE                INVOICE                     DUE DATE        REFERENCE DOC
CODE                                          DATE                NUMBER         MM DD YY         NUMBER        SX
611
               DESCRIPTION                        CURRENT DOCUMENT          SUBSIDIARY    MULTI- CHECK IF EXPENDITURE
                                                    NUMBER        SX         ACCOUNT     PURPOSE DISTRIBUTION CONTINU-
                                                                                                 ATION SHEETS ARE
                                                                                                 ATTACHED
                

 2-039 (REV. 7/86) COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMEN OF ACCOUNTS   TERAGENCY TRANSFER INVOICE    *011795-451GC
SUPPLIED BY:           CREDIT                                    SUPPLIED TO:                      CHARGE
AGENCY  VA	Commonwealth University                CODE          AGENCY  Chesapeake Local Assistance Dept.      CODE
        Grants and Contracts Accounting            236                   Fiscal Office                          408
ADDRESS Box 843039                                               ADDRESS 701 E. Broad Street, Suite 701
        Richmond, VA 23284-3039                                          Richmond, VA 23219
INVOICE NUMBER                 DATE (MM DD YY)                   SHIPPED TO
    #3                               1-17-95                              Attn:  Jean Tingler
EQUISITION NUMBER                                            AGENCY REFERENCE NO.

DATE OF
DELIVERTY                      DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES OR SERVICES                 QUANTITY   UNIT   UNIT     AMOUNT
OR SERVICE                                                                                           PRICE

    1994       To request payment in accordance with the contract between
               Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance and VCU for the project
thru           entitled "Local-Term Biological Characterization of Water
  /31/94       Quality of Polecat Creek..." under the direction of Dr(s)
               Greg C. Garman and Len Smock.                                                                 8937.14
                        11/1/94  thru  12/31/94
                
               0-38022-4213

NOTE:  SECTION 9 OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES MANUAL LISTS TRANSACTION CODES
AUTHORIZED FOR USE ON THIS DOCUMENT.    I certify that this voucher is in agreement with the merchandise of service for
which payment is being made; and further, that computations and coding on the voucher are correct and discounts taken
are proper.  Initial JP   VOUCHER NUMBER  56474   DATE (MM DD YY) 030195  TOTAL THIS SHEET 8937.14  TOTAL SHEET 2
TOTAL SHEET 3  TOTAL SHEET 4  AMOUNT CERTIFIED FOR PAYMENT  TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION

TRANS AGENCY GLA  FUND    FFY      PROGRAM          OBJECT     REVENUE            AMOUNT               PROJECT
                 FUND DET       PROG  SUB  ELE                 SOURCE                           PROJECT   TK    PH
136   236        03   02  95                                   06050              8937.14

COST   FIPS  PSD   AGENCY REFERENCE                   INVOICE                  DUE DATE           REFERENCE DOC
CODE                                         DATE                 NUMBER       MM DD YY           NUMBER        SX

               DESCRIPTION                        CURRENT DOCUMENT          SUBSIDIARY         MULTI-
                                                      NUMBER      SX        ACCOUNT            PURPOSE


TRANS  AGENCY  GLA   FUND   FFY       PROGRAM       OBJECT     REVENUE             AMOUNT           PROJECT
                   FUND DET       PROG  SUB  ELE               SOURCE                         PROJECT   TK   PH
380    408         01   00  95    503   12          1244                         1217.14

COST  FIPS  PSD  AGENCY REFERENCE                        INVOICE                 DUE DATE      REFERENCE DOC
CODE                                        DATE                  NUMBER         MM DD YY      NUMBER        SX
611

                 DESCRIPTION                         CURRENT DOCUMENT         SUBSIDIARY     MULTI-  CHECK IF EXPENDITURE
                                                       NUMBER       SX        ACCOUNT      PURPOSE   DISTRIBUTION CONTIN-
                                                                                                     UATION SHEETS ARE



        MAY 03-95 TUE 09:41         VCU-GRANTS & CONTRACTS      FAX NO. 804 828 8644            P.03
                                   PLEASE RETAIN YELLOW COPY
   DA-02-039 (REV/ 886)              VCU GENERAL ACCOUNTING
   COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
   DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS               BOX 843037

                                         RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 23284-3037
    INTERAGENCY TRANSFER INVOICE                                            *040595-     679GC

     SUPPLIED BY:                        CREDIT                  SUPPLIED TO:                   CHARGE
     AGENCY VA Commonwealth University          CODE             AGENCY Chesapeake Local Assistance Dept.      CODE
            Grants and Contracts Accounting      236                    Fiscal Office                           408
     ADDRESS BOX 843039                                          ADDRESS 701 E. Broad street, Suite 701
             RICHMOND, VA 23284-3039                                     RiCHMOND, VA 23219
     INVOICE NUMBER              DATE (MM/DD/YY)                 SHIPPED TO
               #4                      4-5-95                            Attn: Jean Tingler

    REQUISITION NUMBER                                          AGENCY REFERENCE NO.
     DATE OF  
     DELIVERY          DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES OR SERVICES                    QUANITY    UNIT    UNIT    AMOUNT
     OR SERVICE                                                                                  PRICE

   Quarter          To request payment in accordance with the contract between
   Ending           Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance and VCU for the project
   03/31/95         entitled "Local-Term Biological Characterization of Water
                    Quality of Pole Cat Creek" under the direction of Dr(s)
                    Greg C. Garman and Len Smoak.                                                         7,080.54



                     0-38022-4213


                                                                                      VOUCHER NUMBER      DATE (MM/DD/YY)
                                      I certify that this voucher is in agreement
NOTE:                                 with the merchandise or service for which
                                      payment is being made; and further, that         TOTAL THIS SHEET    7,080 54
                                      computations and coding on the voucher
SECTION 9 OF THE COMMONWEALTH         are correct and discounts taken are
OF VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING POLICIES       proper.                                          TOTAL SHEET 2
AND PROCEDURES MANUAL LISTS                                   
TRANSACTION CODES AUTHORIZED          initial    JP
FOR USE ON THIS DOCUMENT.                                                               TOTAL SHEET 3

                                                                                        TOTAL SHEET 4

                                                                                        AMOUNT CERTIFIED
                                                                                        FOR PAYMENT
                                           TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION
                          FUND                                    REVENUE                           PROJECT
TRANS  AGENCY   GLA  FUND  DET  PPY  PROG SUB ELE      OBJECT      SOURCE             AMOUNT    PROJECT   TK   PM
136    236            03    02   95                                06050              7 080 54             

COST                                                         INVOICE                DUE DATE     REFERENCE DOC 
CODE   RPS      PSD    AGENCY REFERENCE   DATE      NUMBER                       MM DD YY        NUMBER    SX



                                                       CURRENT DOCUMENT       SUBSIDIARY        MULTI-
                 DESCRIPTION                          NUMBER        SX         ACCOUNT         PURPOSE


                     FUND               PROGRAM                          REVENUE                         PROJECT
TRANS AGENCY  GLA   FUND DET    PPY   PROG  SUB  ELE    OBJECT           SOURCE      AMOUNT          PROJECT    TK    PM


COST                                                  INVOICE              DUE DATE         REFERENCE DOC
CODE    PIPS    PSD   AGENCY REFERENCE    DATE     NUMBER                MM DD YY        NUMBER       SX

                                                    CURRENT DOCUMENT    SUBSIDARY     MULTI     CHECK IF EXPENDITURE
          DESCRIPTION                                NUMBER     SX       ACCOUNT     PURPOSE    DISTRIBUTION CONTINUATION
                                                                                                SHEETS
                                                                                                ARE
                                                                                                ATTACHED


       INTERAGENCY                    .TRANSFER INVOICE                                     FYI                                                                      CD

       SUPPLIED BY:                       CREDIT                                                 -SUPPLIED TO:                                    CHARGE
       AGENCY                                                                                    AGENCY                                                                         CODE
       Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Departmenrw4EO8                                           Department of Enviornmental Quality                                                    440
       ADDRESS                                                                                   111RISb    0 Box 10150
       805 E. Broad St., Ste 701 Richmond, VA 23219                                                     Richmond. VA 23219
       INVOICE NUMBER                                        DATE (MM/DDNY)                      SHIPPED TO
       #95010                                                   4/7/95
       REQUISITION NUMBER                                                                        AGENCY REFERENCE NO.



       DATE OF
       DELIVERY                                        DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES OR SERVICES                                              OUANTITY UNIT             UNIT        AMOUNT
       OR SERVICE                                                                                                                                               PRICE

 10/01/94- To request funds                            for expenditures incurred under the VCRMP
 03/31/95             Grant #NA370ZO3601, Task #9                                                                                                                          4,096.00


                                                                         3 3


                         @D 'V --t








                                                                                                                                        VOUCHER NUMBER            DATE (MM/DD/YY)
                                                                         I certify that this voucher Is in agreement
       NOTE:                                                             with the merchandise or service for which
                                                                         payment Is being made; and further, that
                                                                         computations and coding on the voucher                         TOTAL THIS SHEET               4,096            100
       SECTION 9 OF THE COMMONWEALTH                                     are correct and discounts taken are                                                                            I
       OF VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING POLICIES                                   proper.                                                        TOTAL SHEET 2                                   1 1
       AND PROCEDURES MANUAL LISTS                                       initial                                                                                                        I
                                                                                                                                        TOTAL SHEET 3                                   1
       TRANSACTION CODES AUTHORIZED

       FOR USE ON THIS DOCUMENT.
                                                                                                                                        TOTAL SHEET 4                                   1
                                                                                                                                                                                        I
                                                                                                                                        AMOUNT CERTIFIED                                I.:
                                                                          TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION                                            FOR PAYMENT                 4,096            100
       TRANS AGENCY         GLA   I   FUND     I  FY   I     PROGRAM             OBJECT          REVENUE                         AMOUNT                                 PROJECT
                                  IFUNDI DET '         IPROG I SUB I     ELE                     SOURCE                                                        PROJECT        TK        PH
       k#j.      408               10 1001951 503 02 1                                           - - - 99 40002                                                            1            1
       COST                                                                                INVOICE                                   DUE DATE                 REFERENCE DOC
       CODE       FIPS      PSD       AGENCY REFERENCE                   DATE        I               NUMBER                      MM     DD      YY            NUMBER


                                  DESCRIPTION                                        CURRENT DOCUMENT            I     SUBSIDIARY       I     MULTI-
                                                                                                            SX
                                                                                         NUMBER  .......               ACCOUNT        _@_PURPOSE

                                      FUND                   P OGRAM                             REVENUE                                                               PROJECT
       TRANS AGENCY         GLA   __ __          FFY                            OBJECT                                           AMOUNT
                                  FUND1 DETI           IFROG    SUB      EUEd                    SOURCE                                                        PROJECT        TK        PH


       COST                                                                               INVOICE                                    DUE DATE                RI             OC
       CODE      FIPS       PSD       AGENCY REFERENCE                   DATE                        NUMBER                      MM     DD      YY            NUMBER               SX



                                                                                     CURRENT DOCUMENT                  -URRIDIARY             MULTI_         CHECK IF EXPENDITURE
                                                                                                                                                                             ONTINUATI
                                  DESCRIPTION                                           NUMBER              SX         ACCOUNT              PURPOSE          DISTRIBUTION C             ON
                                                                                                                                                                  SHEETS
                                                                                                                                                                  ARE
                                                                                                                                                                  ATTACHED


DA 02-039 (REV /88)
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS

INTERAGENCY TRANSFER INVOICE
SUPPLIED BY:                 CREDIT                       SUPPLIED TO:                CHARGE

AGENCY:   DER/DIVISION OF NATURAL HERITAGE    CODE        AGENCY:  CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL ASSISTANCE DEPT     CODE 
          P. O. Box 721, Financial Mgt Sect    199                 805 East Broad Street, Suite 701          408
ADDRESS   Richmond, Virginia  23219                       ADDRESS  Richmond, Virginia  23219

INVOICE NUMBER            DATE (MM/DD/YY)                 SHIPPED TO
               H0074-S       11/16/94

REQUISITION NUMBER                                        AGENCY REFERENCE NO.

DATE OF                                                                                     UNIT
DELIVERY                     DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES OR SERVICES           QUANITY   UNIT   PRICE   AMOUNT
OR SERVICE


                  Polecat Creek Water Quallty Monitoring Project
                  Freshwater Mussel Surveys through September, 1994                                  $2652.5l




                                                                                       VOUCHER NUMBER    DATE(MM/DD/YY
                                       I certify that this voucher is in agreement     950227              112294
NOTE.                                  with the merchandise or service for which
                                       payment is being made; and further, that        TOTAL THIS SHEET  
                                       computations and coding on the voucher
SECTION 9 OF THE COMMONWEALTH          are correct and discounts taken are             TOTAL SHEET 2        2652 51
OF VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING POLICIES        proper
AND PROCEDURES MANUAL LISTS                                                             TOTAL SHEET 3
TRANSACTION CODES AUTHORZED            Initial
FOR USE ON THIS DOCUMENT.                                                               TOTAL SHEET 4

                                                                                        AMOUNT CERTIFIED 
                                                                                          FOR PAYMENT       2652 51
                                            TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION 

                              FUND              PROGRAM         OBJECT   REVENUE     AMOUNT         PROJECT
TRANS    AGENCY    GLA     FUND  DET   FFY    PROG   SUB   ELE          SOURCE                   PROJECT     TK   PH 
136      199               O2     00   95     503     17                  02600      265251      7775

COST                                                          INVOICE               DUE DATE      REFERENCE DOC
CODE     FIPST     PSD       AGENCY REFERENCE       DATE            HUMBER         MM DD YY         NUMBER
637                          H0074-S                                                                           
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                            



C. W. Jackson Hauling, Inc.                                 HAULING INVOICE              03-26-94   21049
ICC - 183693
P.O. Box 469 
Milford, VA 22514
                                                        RECEIVED
                                                       APR 6 1994
                                                       Chesapeake Bay
                                                      Local Assistance
                                                          Dept.
TO:                                                                               PLEASE REMIT TO:

CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL ASST.                                                        C. W. Jackson Hauling, Inc.
805 E. BROAD ST. SUITE 701                                                        ICC - 183693
RICHMOND, VA   23219                                                              P.O. Box 469
                                                                                  Milford, VA 22514

   CUSTOMER NO. 1685                     PAGE NUMBER          1                      PHONE: 804-225-3440

TRIP DATE       TICKET  PICKUP LOCATION        DESTINATION         DRIVER          QUANTITY       RATE        TOTAL

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
415 03-24-94    839352  GEN. CRUSH/DOSWELL,V   ATKINSON - A940065  ELLIS B. LOVING    15.65       3.02        47.26
414 03-24-94    839365  GEN. CRUSH/DOSWELL,V   ATKINSON - A940065  ELLIS B. LOVING    15.61       3.02        47.14
412 03-24-94    839391  GEN. CRUSH/DOSWELL,v   ATKINSON - A940065  ELLIS B. LOVING    15.42       3.02	  46.57
413 03-24-94    839421  GEN. CRUSH/DOSWELL,V   ATKINSON - A940065  ELLIS B. LOVING    15.39       3.02        46.48
    03-24-94          -- Daily Total --                                               62.07 -----------      187.45
                                               ATKINSON - A940065  --- Job Total---   62.07 -----------      187.45



                                                                  TOTAL TICKETS  4    62.07 TOTAL DUE        187.45



TRIP DATE       TICKET PICKUP LOCATION     DESTINATION        MATERIAL      QUANTITY    RATE    AMOUNT     TAX    TOTAL

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
415 03-24-94    839352 GEN. CRUSH/DOSWELL  ATKINSON - A940065 GVA4-A            15.65    5.70    89.20      4.01  93.21
414 03-24-94    831365 GEN. CRUSH/DOSWELL  ATKINSON - A940065 GVA4-A            15.61    5.70    88.98      4.00  92.98
412 0324-94    831391 GEN. CRUSH/DOSWELL  ATKINSON - A940065 GVA57             15.42    6.00    92.52      4.16  96.68
413 03-24-94    839421 GEN. CRUSH/DOSWELL  ATKINSON - A940065 GVA57             15.39    6.00    92.34      4.16  96.50                                      TOTAL TICKETS     4       42.07               363.04     16.33       379.37




        INVOICE SUMMARY
                                                                                              FOR HAULING                    AMOUNT             187.45
                                                                                              FOR MATERIAL                   AMOUNT             379.37


             PLEASE PAY THIS AMOUNT --- FOR HAULING                                                          MATERIAL     TOTAL DOE             
 



                                                                                                                                                                                     THE GINERAL CRUSHED STONLCO-
                                                                                                                            TRIANGLE PARK                                            GENERAL OFFM RESEARcm TRIANGLE PAM H@.
                                                                                              GENERAL OFFICE. RESEARCH
                  WMAL CRUSHED STONE Co
                     OFFIM RESEARCH 'MMOLE PARK NC
                                                                                                                                      839365J                                                                              8 3'c%

                                                                                              VERDON PLANT                                       036                            VERDON PLANT                                           036
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                     .PLANT                                   036                             DOSWELL                                    VA 23047                                DOSWELL                                      VA      2304T
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                                                                                                                                          RECEIVEO
                                                                                                                                        MAY 2 1994
                                            jT                                                                               
                                                                                                                                        ChesaNke Bay
                                                                                                                               4
                                                                                                                                .1      LOCal Assistance
                                                                                                                                C4           Dept.
                                                                                                                                  0
                                 806 IS F-= 8N C- 8V            -2r R A 6M:E; 2V I=- R                  2X
            SUPPLIED BY:                           CREDIT                                  SUPPLIED TO:
            AGENCY      VIRGINIA TECH                                  CODE               AGENCY      MS. JEAN TINGLER                                  CODE
            OFFICE Of SPONSORED PR6O6GRAMS1 230                                             CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL ASSIT
            ADDRESS        340 BURRUSS HALL                                               ADDRESS      DEPT., 805 EAST BROAD STREET,
            BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA 24061-0241                                               SUITE 701, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 23219
            INV 1      0386      437880-0320              OAT                             SHIPPED TO

            APPROVED   8                                                                  A6 ENCY REfERENCE NO.
                                              0 6Ll
                DATE OF                                                                                                                 UNIT
              DELIVERY                 DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES                         OR SERVICES NTY UNIT PRICE                                   AMOUNT
                1,11/94              TRANSFER          FUNDS FOR DESIGN                   AND                                                      38,369-48
                THROUGH              IMPLEMENTATION OF A WATER                            UALITY
                3,131/94             MONITORING-SYSTEN FOR POLECAT CREEK_
                                     WATERSHED


              NOTE:                                          I certify that this vouch-                                    VOUCHER                 DATE
              SECTION 9 OF THE                               er is in agreement with
                                                             the merchandise or service
              COMMONWEALTH OF                                for which payment is being                                    SHEET           1       38,369 48
              VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING                            made; and further, that
              POLICIES AND PRO-                              computations and coding on                                    SHEET           2
              CEEDURES MANUAL                                the voucher are correct
              LISTS TRANSACTION                              and discounts taken are                                       SHEET           3
              CODES AUTHORIZED                               proper.
              FOR USE ON THIS                                              Initial                                         SHEET           4'
              DOCUMENT
                                                                  TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION                                         TOTAL              38,369 4818
                                                   FUND                      PROGRAM                           REV.                                PROJECT
              TRANS AGNCY GLA FUNDIDET FFY PROG                                                   OBJ. SOURCE AMOUNT                               PROJ K P
                136. 230                        034JO2 94                                                     06050 38,369.48
              COST                                                                            INVOICE                      DUE DATE                REF DOC
              CODE AGENC PSD AGY. REFERENCE                                         DATE              NUMBER                                       NUMBER JSX

                                                        437880
                                                        CURRENT DOCUMENTISUBSIDIARY                                 MULTI-
                       DESCRIPTION                              N61.16ER           I JAI MULUUNI                  PURPOSE




                                                   FUND                      PROGRAM                          REV.                                 PROJECT
              TRANS AGNCY2IG6LA FUND DET FFY PROG SUB0JEL8E OBJ. SOURCE AMOUNT                                                                         PR
                                                                                                            r
                  92f76o                          7268)/         )520 9684 806-840-96a                                                    .96368y 523-4040. 4@4l92y
              COST                                                                                    ICE                  DUE DATE                REF DOC
                                                                                              I6NVO
              CODE        FIP-2S PSD             AGY. REFERENCE                      DATE              NUMBER                                                  2S2x
                                                                                                                           MM DD YY                NUMBE



                                                        CURRENT DOCUMENT SUBSIDIARY                                 MULTI-              CHECK      IF EXP.
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 



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                                                                                                      E                                                                             111594

           SUPPLIED BY:                                   CREDIT                                                                  SUPPLIED TO:                                                    CHARGE
           AGENCY VA 2co4m4m8Wealt8h 8u4ni8v8"sit0y                                                                          CODE           AGENCY      Chesapeake LAx:al Ass14stan8ae i4m2pt.                                                          CODE
                         Gra0nt43 and 404=tr0aCt4l &:counting                                                          236                        Fiscal Office                                                                               408
F                                                                                                                               ADDRESS
                              843039'                                                                                                      701       E. Broad Street,, Suite 701
                         Rickimo8nd, VA                 23284-3039                                                                             Richmond, V4A 23219
           INVOICE NUMBER.                                                         DATE (MWDPNY)                                  SHIPPED TO
                                                                                                                                              Attns Jean Tingler.'
           REaUISMON NUMBER                                                                                                       AGENCY REFERENCE NO.


           DATE OF                                                                                                                ICES                                                                                UNIT                AMOUNT
           DELIVERY                                                      DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES OR SERV                                                                             OUANTITY UNIT                   PRICE
           OR SERVICE
    month                     To reuest payment in accordance with the contract between
    Ending                    Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance and VCEJ for the project
    10/31/94                  entitled "Local-Term Biological Characterization of Water
                              uality of Polecat Creek..." under the direction of D4r(s)
                              Greg C. Gar0mn and(IR4n 8@a0mk.                                                                                                                                                                            787.86






                              0-38022-4213


                                                                                                                                                                                     VOUCHER NUMBER                    DATE (MM/DD1YY)
                                                                                                 I certityihat this voucher Is In agreement
           NOTE:                                                                                 with the merchandise or service for which
                                                                                                 payment Is being made; and further, that                                            TOTAL THIS SHEET                          767                 6
                                                                                                 computations and coding on the voucher
           SECTION 9 OF THE COMMONWEALTH                                                         are correct and discounts taken are
                                                                                                 pr9per                                                                              TOTAL SHEET 2
           OF VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING POLICIES                                                       II "' 4A8p
           AND PROCEDURES MANUAL LISTS                                                           Irtit
                                                                                                                                                                                     TOTAL SHEET 3
           TRANSACTION CODES AUTHORIZED
           FOR USE ON THIS DOCUMENT.
                                                                                                                                                                                     TOTAL SHEET 4

                                                                                                                                           J
                                                                                                                                                                                     AMOUNT CERTIFIED
                                                                                                                                                                                        FOR PAYMENT
                                                                                                    TRANSFER DISTRIB4En4ON                                                                                                                  07        i2uo

                                                                                                                                  R E UE                                                                                       PROJECT
                                                                                   PR0tGRAM                         ECT            @v 11 1
    L MS            AGENCY        GLA      FUND I DET      I FFY      PROG        SU13 I ELE            OBJ        11        SOURCE                                   AMOUNT                                   PROJECT               TK       IPH
           136           236                    03 0P2           1951 ._ _.                       1                        1   06050                                                    1 787            886                                         1-
           COST          FIPS          PSD      @ AGENCY REFERENCE'.--                                                   INVOICE                                                 DUE DATE                                          DOC'
           CODE                                 V                                                DATE                                  NUMBER                              MM        DO         YY            -NUMBER                     J        SX



                                                                                                                   CURRENT DOCUMENT                            SUBSIDIARY                    MULTI
                                                DESCRIPTION        ......
                                                                                                                      NUMBER                    SX             ACCOUNT .                     PURPOSE






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                                                                                                                   CURRENT DOCUMENT                            SUBSIDIARY.                   MULTI-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                CHECK IF EXPENDITURE
                                                :'D SCR   TION'--                                                                                          0"AC0MUNT'                          PURPOSE
                                                                                                             ";"-"':NUMBER                                                                                      DISTFIIBL2MO0N'CONTIN06ATIOt4i',i,'
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                                                              so fflilffmt@l 18 @
           VIRGINIA TECH                                      CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL
           OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS         208           805 EAST BROAD STREET, SUITE 701
           340 BURRUSS HALL                                   RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 23219
           BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA 24061-0249                    A6TrENTION: FISCAL OFFICER

            12/15/94          10114

                       TRANSFER FUNDS FOR 95-408-001 - POLECAT CREEK          TOTAL AIVIT
           10/1/94     WATERSHED PROJECT                                        $20,022.00
           THROUGH
           12/31/94
                       CREDIT: 437952-0320




                                                                                                         ..........
                                                                                           %JDETTA 06132Y
                                                                                           RESEARCH ADMIN.
                                                                                           PHONE
                                                                                           (703) 231-9387
                                      J2p1pp
                                                                                $20,022.00 (703) 231-4822


                                              TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION



                  136     208      03   102 19                      06050       $20,022.00

                                                                            2Wi8m, "8ni2f2fi2m2m4m
                                   1437952








                                                                                $20,022.00



                6424
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 

0



      DA239 (REV. 7/86)
      COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
     'DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS

         INTERAGENCY TRANSFER INVOICE

         SUPPLIED BY;                       CREDIT                                              SUPPLIED TO:                                    CHARGE
         AGENCY                                                                       CoDg      AGENCY                                                                       CODE
              pept. of Enviror0m4mtal uality                                         1440 _Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance                                                   1408
         ADDRESS                                                                                ADDRESS
              629 E. Main St. r 3rd Flr, Ric8h8=-44, VA                                            805 E. Broad St., Suite 701, RichT4", VA
         INVOICE UMBEF1                                      DATE (MMIDDIYY)                   SHIPPFD TO
               J/ 8Yo 28s- 0                                    4/18/95
         REUISITION NUMBER                                                                     AGE"CY REFERENCE No.
                                                                                                   94-408-06
         DATE OF                                                                                                                                               UNIT
         DELIVERY                                      1119SCOIPTION OF ARTICLES OR Sr:RVICPï¿½                                          UANTITY UNIT         pRICg         AMOUNT
         OR SERVICE
                        Costs in0c8=e6d with the Polecat Creek Watershed Project for
                        the period Jan, 1                   March 31, 1995                                                                                                 4625.
                                                 64  /              =2C-0 2c8z,;,










                                                                                                                                       VOUCHER NUMBER          DATE (MM/DD/YY)
                                                                        I certify that this voucher Is In agreement
         NOTE:                                                          with the merchandise or service for which
                                                                        payment Is being made; and further, that                       TOTAL THIS SHEET
                                                                        computations and coding on the voucher                                                         4;625!     On
         SECTION 9 OF THE COMMONWEALTH                                  are correct and discounts taken are
                                                                        proper.                                                        TOTAL SHEET 2
         OF VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING POLICIES
         AND PROCEDURES MANUAL LISTS                                    Initial
                                                                                                                                       TOTA@ SHEET 3
         TRANSACTION CODES AUTHORIZED
         FOR USE ON THIS DOCUMENT.
                                                                                                                                       TOTAL SHEET 4

                                                                                                                                       AMOUNT CERTIFIED
                                                                           TRANSFER DISTRI13UTION                                        FOR PAYMENT                   41625      00
                                        FUND                  PROGRAM ___                       REVENUE     I                                                        PROJECT
         TRANS AGENCY         GLA    TU-N-D-r-DET FFY I PRor.    sue I   ELE I   OBJECT I       SOURCE                          AMOUNT                       PROJECT       TK     'PH
         180 440                      01100                     -07 1         1 1123 1          _ .         1                       .4 1 625 00
         COST       FIPS      PSO       AGENCY REFERENCE                                   INVOICE                                 DUE DATE                  REFERENCE DOC
         CODE                                                           DATE                         NUMBER                    MM      DO     YY             NUMBER            SX
         608                                                                                                                                                                          1
                                    DESCRIPTION                                      CURRENT DOCUMENT                 SUBSIDIARY            MULTI-
                                                                                         NUMBER            SX         ACCOUNT              PURPOSE




         TRANS AGENCY         GLA      FUND        FFY        PROGRAM            OBJECT         REVENUE                        AMOUNT                                PROJECT
                                    FUNDI DET           PROG I SUB 'I ELE                       SOURCE                                                       PROJECT       TK  I PH
         COST                                                                              INVOICE                    UBS"         DUE DATE                  REFERENCE DOC
                                                                                                              40EACCO                                          I
                                                                                                                                                             08@PRI
         CODE       FIPS      Pso      AGENCY REFERENCE                 DATE                        NUMBER                     MM      DD     YY             NUMBER            Sx


                                                                                     CU62RENT DOCUMENT                 SUBSIDIARY            MULTI-           CHECK IF EXPENDITURE
                                                                                                                                                             I)IS
                                                                                                                                                             DIS
                                    DESCRIPTION                                        NUMB8@R 52@x                      ACCOUNT             PURPOSE     6:00f00i    TRIBUTION CONTINUATION
                                                                                                                                                               SHEETS
                                                                                                                                                               ARE
                                                                                                                  -- - - - -                                   ATTACHED
 

0




  DA239 (REV. 7/86)
  COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
  DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS

       INTERAGENCY TRANSFER INVOICE

       SUPPLIED BY:                       CREDIT                                                 SUPPLIED TO:                                    CHARGE
       AGENCY                                                                        CODE        AGENCY                                                                           CODE
             DCR/     Division of Natural Heritage                                     199          Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Dept
       ADDRESS                                                                                   ADDRESS
             1500     E. Main Street, Suite 312                                                     804 E. Broad Street, Suite 701
                                                        9                                                                                  ?
       jR;A&W0nd, Vixginia 252t                       DATE (MWDD/YY)                       SHI4M2ARG"d' Vigg0" a                         3?19
                                      H-0156                         4/13/95
       REUISITION NUMBER                                                                        AGENCY REFERENCE NO.



       DATE OF
       DELIVERY                                       DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES OR SERVICES                                                UANTITY UNIT           UNIT         AMOUNT
                                                                                                                                                                 PRICE
       OR SERVICE




                            Expenses for State Match Funds
                            Polecat Creek Water uality Monitoring Project                                                                                                    700.00




                                                                                                                   r X








                                                                                                                                         VOUCHER NUMBER           DATE (MM/DDfYY)
                                                                        I certify that this voucher Is In agreement
       NOTE:                                                            with the merchandise or service for which                                                                   I
                                                                        payment Is being made; and further, that                                                             700100
                                                                        computations and coding on the voucher                           TOTAL THIS SHEET                           I
       SECTION 9 OF THE COMMONWEALTH                                    are correct and discounts taken are
       OF VIRGINIA ACCOUNTING POLICIES                                  proper.                                                          TOTAL SHEET2
       AND PROCEDURES MANUAL LISTS                                      initial
                                                                                                                                         TOTAL SHEET 3
       TRANSACTION CODES AUTHORIZED
       FOR USE ON THIS DOCUMENT.                                                                                                         TOTAL SHEET 4

                                                                                                                                         AMOUNT CERTIFIED                           I
                                                                                                                                            FOR PAYMENT                      700    100
                                                                           TRANSFER DISTRIBUTION                                                                                    I
       TRANS AGENCY         GLA        FUND      IFFY         PROGRAM          I                 REVENI IF                       AMOUNT                                 PROJECT
                                   FUND I DET I       I PROG      SUB    ELE I                   SOURCE                                                         PROJECT        TK   I  PH
                19 9               _ 21 2O I (2b 15. 0 3 1 7                  1 1 4Z8.41 - - - - 16.0.0                                                       71- 75-31             1
       COST                                                                                INVOICE                                    DUE DATE                 REFERENCE DOG              I
       --CODE      FIPS     PSD        AGENCY REFERENCE                 DATE                          NUMBER                     MM    I DD      YY             NUMBER              sx


                                                                                      CURRENT DOCUMEN                   SUBSIDIARY             MULTI-
                                    DESCRIPTION                                         NUMBER-              Sx         ACCOUNT                PURPOSE
               Polecat Creek


       TRANS AGENCY         GLA        FUND      IFFY         PROGRAM            OBJECT          REVENUE                         AMOUNT                     I          PROJECT
                                   FUND I DET          FROG      SUB I ELE                       SOURCE                                                     I PROJECT 84T TK             PH
                19 9                0 6J 001 9 04 5-0 3 1 71 . 011 3 4 31                                                                      81 0 0
                                                                                 . . . . . . .                                                         29_01 7 1_ 7 53 1
       COST       FIPS      PSD        AGENCY REFERENCE                                    INVOICE                                    DUE DATE                REFERENCE DOC
       CODE                                                             DATE                          NUMBER                     MM      Do I YY               NUMBER               SX
                                                                                                                                                       6@00




       637
                                                                                     C4@RR2;7N_T_260-4CUMENT                SUBSIDIARY             MULTI-         CHECK IF EXPENDIITURE
                                   DESCRIPTION                                           NUMBER             SX          ACCOUNT                PURPOSE        DISTRIBUTION CONTINUATION
                Polecat Creek                                                                                                                                        E
                                                                                                                                                                   ATTACHIEP...,
 











                                                                                                        ADMINISTRATION
                                                                                                        NATURAL HERITAGE
                                                                                                        PLANNING AND RECREATION RESOURCES
                                                                                                        SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
                                                                                                        STATE PARKS
                                      COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA
                                    DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND RECREATION

                                                        DIVISION OF NATURAL HERITAGE

                                                   Main Street Station, 1500 East Main Street -- Suite 312

                                   TDD (804) 786-2121   Richmond. Virginia 23219 (804) 786-7951 FAX: (804) 371-2674
                                                                                                               \N  ,1314151
                                                        April 13, 1995                                  Cb       - -4       ,
                                                                                                        r-11    APR1999
                                                                                                        co
                                                                                                                       VED
                                                                                                                      -1Y tocal
                 Mr. Darryl M. Glover
                 Senior Environmental Engineer
                 Chesapeake Bay local Assistance Department                                                       6
                 805 E. Broad Street, Suite 701
                 Ridmond, Virginia 23219

                 Dear Mr. Glover:


                 Enclosed is the State Match information for the Polecat Creek Water
                 Quality Monitoring Project.

                               DNH State Zoologist                20 days @ $137                  $2,740
                               Fringe State Zoologist             30% of $2,740                       822
                               Fringe State Ecologist             19$ of $2,025                       385
                                                    Total DNH State Match Funds                    3,947

                 If you need any further information, do not hesitate to call me.


                                                                        Sincerely,



                                                                        Pat Jarrell
                                                                        Financial Administrator

                 pi











                                                                                                                           NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



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