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-IN Coastal Zone information Center COW! ER Coastal Zone Management Study Water Supply Task Interim Report April 1976 Nov TD 224 N7 N49 NEW YORK STATE 1976 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION Interim Report on Water Supply Studies for 'Coastal Zone Management Program (Task 8.5) Prepared by New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Office of Program Development, Planning and Research 50 Wolf Road Albany, New York 12233 U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 22134 SOUTH HOBS ON AVENUE ChARLESTO N , SC 29405-2413 The preparation of this report plus accompanying maps was financially aided through a Federal Grant from the Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospher- ic Administration, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. This report plus accompanying maps was prepared under the coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 for the Division of State Planning, Department of State May 12, 1976 Grant Number: 04-5-158-50002 Proporty of 0CC Library TABLE, OF CONrENTS Title Page Summary Task Objectives 1 Methodology 3 Findings 4 Section I Lake Erie-Niagara River Subarea General i I-1 Chautauqua County 1-2 Erie County 1-9 Niagara County 1-14 Bibliography 1-20 Section II Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Subarea General II-1 Orleans County 11-3 Monroe County II-10 Wayne County 11-21 Cayuga County 11-30 Oswego County 11-36 Jefferson County 11-45 St. Lawrence County 11-54 Bibliography 11-67 Section III Hudson River Subarea General III-1 Albany County 111-2 Rensselaer County 111-9 Greene County 111-15 Columbia County 111-20 Ulster County 111-26 Dutchess County 111-32 Orange County 111-43 Putnam County 111-50 Rockland County 111-54 Westchester County 111-62 Bibliography 111-69 Section IV New York City Subarea General IV-1 Existing Public Water Systems IV-1 Estimations of Future Water Demands and Potential Water Supply Sources IV-5 Boundary Line Determination IV-7 Areas for Protection IV-8 List of Tables Table No. Title Page Summary Section I Lake Erie-Niagara River Subarea 1-1 Existing-Public Water Supply Systems, Chautauqua County 1-6 1-2 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Erie County 1-12 1-3 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Niagara County 1-17 Section 11 - Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence Subarea II-1 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Orleans County 11-6 11-2 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Monroe County 11-19 11-3 Summer Residents - Wayne County 11-26 11-4 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Wayne County 11-27 11-5 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Cayuga County 11-32 11-6 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Oswego County 11-41 11-7 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Jefferson County 11-50 11-8 Major Water Using Industries of St. Lawrence County 11-57 11-9 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, St. Lawrence Co. 11-58 Section III - Hudson River Subarea III-1 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Albany County 111-6 111-2 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems, Albany County 111-7 111-3 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Rensselaer CountyIII-12 111-4 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems, Rensselaer Co. 111-13 111-5 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Greene County 111-18 111-6 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Columbia County 111-23 111-7 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems, Columbia Co. 111-24 111-8 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Ulster County 111-30 111-9 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Dutchess Co. 111-34 III-10 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems, Dutchess Co. 111-38 III-11 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Orange County 111-47 111-12 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems, Orange County 111-48 111-13 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Putnam County 111-52 111-14 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Rockland County 111-56 111-15 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Westchester Co. (Hudson River) 111-64 111-16 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Westchester Co. (Long Island) 111-67 Section IV - New York City Subarea IV-1 Estimated Future Water Consumption from Publir Water Supply Systems iv-6 iii List of'Figures Figure_No. fage Summary I Subareas., Limits of Study 2 2 Municipal Intakes 6 3 Aquifers 7 4 industrial Intakes 8 Section I Lake Erie-Niagara River Subarea I-1 Water Service Areas in Chautauqua County 1-7 1-2 Location of Proposed New Development, Chautauqua Co. 1-8 1-3 Water Service Areas in Erie County 1-13 1-4' Water Service Areas in Niagara County 1-18 1-5 Potential Water Sources in Niagara County 1-19 Section II - Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Subarea II-1 Existing Public Water Supply Systems, Orleans County 11-7 11-2 Lakeside & Sunset Beach Water System, Orleans County 11-8 11-3 Point Breeze Water Systems, Orleans County 11-9 11-4 Monroe County Service Areas 11-12 11-5 Webster Treatment Plant Site, Monroe County 11-14 11-6 Parma Treatment Plant Site, Monroe County 11-15 11-7 Location of Intakes, Town of Greece, Monroe County 11-20 11-8 Wayne County Existing Facilities 11-22 11-9 Shaker Tract Utilities, Map, Wayne County 11-28 II-10 Recommended Project Phasing, Wayne County 11-29 II-11 Map of Northern Cayuga County 11-33 11-12 Map of Little Sodus Bay, Cayuga County 11-34 11-13 Map of Proposed Ninemile Creek Intake Site, Cayuga Co. 11-35 11-14 Existing Water Facilities, Oswego County 11-42 11-15 Anticipated Water Supply Service Areas, Oswego County 11-43 11-16 Recommended Lake Ontario Supply & Transmission Facilities for Onondaga County 11-44 11-17 Service Areas, Jefferson County 11-51 11-18 Village of Sackets Harbor, Jefferson County 11-52 11-19 Cape Vincent Village Water System Map 11-53 11-20 Existing Water Districts, St. Lawrence County 11-59 11-21 Existing & Potential Major Water Using Industrial Sites, St. Lawrence County 11-60 11-22 Village of Massena, St. Lawrence County 11-61 11-23 Village of Massena Water Supply System 11-62 11-24 City of Ogdensburg Water Supply System 11-63 11-25 Village of Waddington Water Supply System 11-64 11-26 Village of Morristown Water Supply System 11-65 11-27 Tucker Subdivision Water Supply System 11-66 iv List of Figures Figure No. Page Section III Hudson River Subarea III-1 Albany County (partial) 111-8 111-2 Rensselaer County 111-14 111-3 Greene County (partial) 111-19 111-4 Columbia County 111-25 111-5 Ulster County Public Water Supplies 111-31 111-6 Dutchess-County Drainage Basins 111-39 111-7 Dutchess County (north) 111-40 111-8 Dutchess County (central) 111-41 111-9 Dutchess County (south) 111-42 III-10 Orange County (partial) 111-49 III-11 Putnam County 111-53 111-12 Spring Valley Water Company, Inc. (north) 111-57 111-13 Spring Valley Water Company, Inc. (south) 111-58 111-14 Rockland County Municipal Surfiace Water Supplies 111-59 111-15 Rockland County Water Company Surface Areas 111-60 111-16 Rockland County Municipal Ground Water Supplies 111-61 111-17 Major Water Supplies in Westchester & Fairfield Counties 111-68 Section IV New York City Subarea IV-1 Coastal Zone Area of the City of New York IV-2 IV-2 Existing Surface Water Supplies of New York City IV-4 v Summary of the Interim Report Water Supply Task Coastal Zone Management Task Objectives The coastal zone management program must considermany facets of the environmental picture and form a program that will ensure the harmonic use of the coastal zone'resources. The water supply study was undertaken to examine water use along the coastal zone and to identify ways in which the coastal zone management program could protect and safeguard existing and potential future sources of water supply. Another 'objective was to provide information for determining where the coastal zone boundary.line should be by identifying areas along the coast, which from a water supply standpoint should be included within the boundary. For purposes of the water supply component of the coastal zone management study, the coastal zone area in New York State was divided into the following five subareas: - the Lake Erie-Niagara River Subarea, which includes all of Niagara County, - the Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Subarea, - the Hudson River Subarea, which extends from the Federal Dam in Albany and Rensselaer Counties downstream to the-New York City Boundary - the New York City Subarea and - the Long Island Subarea These are shown on Figure 1. All except the Long Island Subarea are covered in this report. F;tA"KLit4 CLINTON ST. LAWRENC rSSEX Z JEFrER'jON > z PO LEWIS MOM m 0 ul ut OSWEGO!k ONEJDA CRL@AHS MONROE WAYNE FULTO SARATGGA GENESEE ONONDAGA MADISON il CNITARIC MOHTGOAERY OTSEGO S YAT U3 ,q CHEMANG STEUBEi OX\ C TTA",AVZ;US ALLEGANY SCHUYLE TIOGA CHE14ul.- BROOAE u STER, OUTCHUS SULLly, N ORANGE til C-- > 0.4 C@ cn fj Within each subarea water supply was examined on a county by county basis and is presented as such in this report. Within each county, emphasis was placed upon the water supply systems serving communities which are adjac-,nt to the coast. Water supply systems which serve inland areas and take their supply from the coast, such as Onondaga County,wem examined in terms of their point of taking to determine if the Coastal Zoiie Management program could be useful in protecting the source, intake, or associated facilities. Methodol2a After limiting the area of study provisionally to'a one county depth, a review was made of all pertinent reports concerning the existing and projected future use of water within those counties. These reports included the county comprehensive water supply studies, reports of the U.S. Geological Survey, Regional Water Resources Planning Board reports, the Northeastern United States Water Supply Study, and the study by the Temporary State Commission on Water Supply Needs of Southeastern New York. A bibliography for each subarea is included in this report. Using the above reports, the existing source of supply, present and future water supply demand, service area and potential future sources of supply were determined for each water supply system serving a community along the coast. Maps were gathered which show the service areas and sources of supply for these communities. It was then possible to ident ify areas which from a water supply standpoint should be included within the coastal zone. It was also possible to identify areas which could be protected through the Coastal Zone Management Pr ogram. Interviews with local people, who use the coastal zone areas for water supply purposes, have commenced in two of the subareas. -3- Findings 1. There are 25 counties and 469 water districts located in the 4 subareas examined in this report. Number'of water districts located directly adjacent to the coast is 155. 2. Upland sources serve 109 of the water districts located directly adjacent to the poast and the remaining 41 use coastal waters as a source of supply. (Fig. 2). Both upland and coastal sources are used by 5 of the water districts. 3. The largest systems using coastal waters are those serving the Buffalo, Rochester and Syracuse areas. The largest system using upland sources is the New York City system. 4. Ground water aquifers are used as a source of supply by 15 municipal systems adjacent to the coast. (Fig. 3). Two additional aquifers have been identified as potential future sources of supply. 5. There are 21 industria 1 firms which are known to use the coastal waters as a source of supply. Probably other industries use coastal waters as a source of supply. (Fig. 4). However, information on these is not available. 6. In selecting the boundary of the coastal zone, consideration should be given to including certain aquifers in-the lower Hudson within the zone to'be managed. Further work should be undertaken as part of the second year program to identify those aquifers which should be protected by the coastal zone management program and to determine where the boundary line should be located with respect to the aquifers. -4- 7, Consideration should be given to using the coastal zone management program as a tool to control the use of land and water-areas in the vicinity of existing and potential future water supply intakes. The second year program should identify the location and extent of such areas and the type of management required. 8. Where the @ites of future water supply intakes along the 'coastal waters are known consideration should be given to using the coastal zone management program to preserve these sites, providing this is acceptable to and desired by the local water supply users. 9. Although water quality at existing intakes in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the Hudson River is generally good,the future quality of the water should be protected through such means as New York State Health Department's Watershed rules, by preventing waste from being discharged tcoclose the water supply intakes and by limiting use of chemical sprays adjacent to coastal waters. -5- 00 FRANKLIN CLINTON ST.LAWRENCE ESSEX JEFFERSON LEWIS liAtAILION Aap OSWEGO 00 ONEIDA tki MONROE 0 A N 16t ONONDAGA FULTON SARATC-GA ME 60 ONTARIO MADISCH MORTGOAERY f Y O;A;!@ G AQ, M4 % OTSEGO cl YATES 44 XLB),tvi CHENANGO STELIBER ATTARAUGUS ALLEGANY SCHUYLEP G TIOGA CHEllul-IG ULSTER UTCHESS SULLIVAU 0 0 ORA14 E pu-ftAkm > z PC m C= @o INV, > L@23 @4 FRA14KLIN CLINTON T.LAWRENCE E SEX JEFFERSON LEWIS RoIL-ro"I OSWEGO ONEIDA AONR os WAY E FULTO SARATOGA GENESEE ONONDAGA ME ONTARIO MADISON MONTGOAERY WMANNG OTSEGO YATES 0 4-4 CHENANGO STEUBE -"-Z@ATTA. AV*US ALLEGA?lY EP ID SCHUYLEP TIOGA CHEEM-IG BROOAE LS-CER DUTCHESS SULLIVAN ORA14GE C-) ox@ > C@FR l;:- En CLINTON ST.LAWRENCE ESSEX JEFFERSON rot LEWIS t1ham-rom ce qR ui qR OSWEGO ONEIDA QRLZAHS AOMROE WAYNE F LTON SARAIGGA GENESEE ONONDAGA ER!z ONTAPIO mAoISCH MONTGOAERY OD > ,4fyo.A; JG OT SEGO Y S ATE CHERA"GO STEUBEN cv A- ATTARAV*.S ALL!:GA'IY SCHUYLEP CHEAUNG TIOGA BROOkE ULSTER DUTCHESS SULLIVAN ORANGE pUTjAxm > @A "d m En rn cn > 0-3 0 (n 0 SECTION I TAKE ERIE - NIAGARA RIVER SUBAREA 0 0 GENERAL Lake Erie-Niagara River sub-area consists of a three county area, Chautauqua, Erie, Niagara in the Western New York State. At this time, no definite boundary lines of coastal zone have been delineated. In this siudy, however, the attempt was made to include those areas where the water supply may be affected by large scale coastal zone management .programs, and v-1ce versa (Figure 1-1). Public water supply'systems provide se rvice to the majority o@ residents and many industrial and commercial users in the study 'area. The largest public wate r supplies serve Buffalo, the town of Tonawanda and the metropolitan. Erie County. In the remainde.r of the sub-area there are twelve.smaller public water systems. Lar ge water systems take water from either Lake Erie and the Niagara River. Water sources for small systems are very dtversified. They j include upland reservoirs, streams, and groundwater aquifers as well as Lake Erie and the Niagara River. Chautauqua County Chautauqua County is located on the western boundary of New York State along the southerly shore of Lake Erie. The major economic activities are associated with heavy industry in the City of Dunkirk as well as the agri- cultural and the resulting canning activities in the remainder of the area. Most of the county drains southerly through the Allegheily River Basin. The n-orthwesterly portion drains into Lake Erie via Chautauqua, Canadaway, Walnut and Spring Creeks as well as several smaller tributaries. The potential coastal zone area is underlain by shale with surficial deposits of sand and gravel. The major aquifers are located along the streambeds of Chautauqua Creek, Canadaway Creek and walnut Creek. Municipal Water Systems The county has 17 municipal water systems of which 7 systems are located within the potential coastal zone area. Surface water sources are used by 7 systems within the. county or 6 systems within the potential coastal zone area. Groundwater sources are used by 10 water districts within the county or 1 district within the coastal zone area. The water districts within the coastal zone area are listed in Table I-1 and described briefly below. .Villaoge of Silver Creek Water supply.is obtained from two impounding reservoirs along Silver Creek. Dependable yield of the source is about 2.0 mgd, which is considered adequate for present and projected future needs. However, present treatment consists of chlorination only. CPWS-49 recommends that a filter plant be built at a proposed site near the reservoirs about 6 miles from shoreline. 1-2 City of Dunkirk The Dunkirk system takes water from Lake Erie. The existing intake and treatment capacity of 8 mgd is considered adequate to meet present and projected future demands. Villageof Fredonia The Village obtains water from Fredonia Reservoir located on Canadaway Creek. The present estimated safe yield@ of the reservoir is 1.94 mgd, which bearly meets peak demands durimS the canning season. CPWS-49 considered a reservoir site on Canadaway Creek at Shumla Fall, but recommend an interconnection with the City of --Dunkirk system. Village of Forestville The Villacre obtains its water from 3 springs of unknown yield and a small auxillary well. The supply is barely adequate to meet present demands. Although a reservoir site on Walnut Creek was considered CPWS-49 recommended that the village develop additional groundwater sources to meet projected demands. Village-of Brocton The Village takes water from three reservoirs in the Slippery Rock Creek watershed known as Brocton, Risley, and 3urr Reservoirs. In an emergency, water can be pumped from Bear Lake into the watershed. Without Bear Lake water, the safe yield of the system is 0.586 mgd. The existing system is considered adequate to meet projected demands with minor modifications to the treatment and distribution system. 1-3 Village of Westfield The Village uses the Chautauqua Creek watershed as its source of water. A reservoir on Minton Creek and an,intake on Chautauqua Creek supply the treatment plant &y gravity flow. During low flows, water is pumped from Chautauqua Creek downstream from the intake into the Minton Reservoir. The safe yield of the system is estimated as 0.97 mgd.'Afte*r considering a system using Lake Erie as-a-source, CP@S-49 recommended that the Village construct a reservoir on Chautauqua Creek. Ripley Water District The District takes water from Alford Reservoir on Belson Creek. The safe yield of the reservoir is estimated as 0.33 mgd. After considering the use of Lake Erie as a source of rav water, CPWS-49 recommended further development of Belson Creek. Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems In the study area, canning industry and grape industry are the important economic forces. Private water supply for industrial purpose were estimated by the Allegheny River Basin study to be about 20 to 30 percent of the public water uses. Lake Erie is the major source of privately oxnied industrial water supply. No further information is available. Boundary Line Determination On the basis of this preliminary investigation, no-particular consideration concerning water supply situation is neede4 in establishing the coastal zone boundary line. 1-4 Areas for Protection All of the new developments are located more than three miles away from coastal zone and thus would not induce any direct impact on coastal zone management. The existing intake from the City of Dunkirk and some existing (unknown) industrial intakes are possibilities. The sites of the intakes' cons ide red. but rejected by CFWS-49 are Of lesser consid- eration.' 1-5 TABLE 1-1 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Chautauqua County Existing Sources &.Capacity System Water System Sources Capacity Projected Demand (mgd) Alternatives to Meet _(m,,d) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs g Dunkirk Lake ErfL- 8.0 4.35 5.14 6.66 Fredonia Fredonia 1.9 1.31 2.26 3.01 1. Purchase from Dunkirk Reservoir 2. Canadaway Creek Westfield Minton Cr. 0.97 0.74 1.05 1.44 1. Chautauqua Reservoir Reservoir 2. Lake Erie Silver Cr. Silver Cr. 2.0 0.26 0.49- 0.73 Brocton Brocton 0.6 0.34 0.43 0.55 Reservoir Ripley Alford. 0.3 0.12 0.30 0.47 1. Belson Cr. Reservoir Reservoir 2. Lake Erie Forestville Groundwater 0.10 0.14 -1. Groundwater 2. Walnut Cr. SILVf CNtf S14ERIDAN maw./., 41 el, f Z: POMFRET cn &a r an do SCE GROUP M NDk PORTLA > f? rt (D lb SERVICE AREA SERVICE AREA I C 4 WESTFIELO SILVE(fl, CRE SHERIDAN 9, HAN CITY OF DUNKIRK IFOREWTVILL9 FR 00"IA SERVICE. "Roclo" POMFRET on SEE* GROUP; IU PRESE PORTLAND\ ps" ADDI Wt3TFIlrLIl WATE SERVICE AREA ADDIT WATE SERVICE AREA I c, 6000 0 WESTJIEI,D Erie County Erie County is located along the easterly shores of Lake Erie and the Niagara River. The major'economic activity is manufacturing especially in the primary metals industries. The entire county drains into the Lake Erie-Niagara System. The major tributaries are Cattaraugus, Tonawanda, Buffalo and Cazenovia Creeks. The northern quarter of the county is underlain with limestone formations, which are good yielding aquifers. Surficial deposits from the Ice Age overlie the bedrock formations. For the coastal zone area, the valley adjacent to Cattaraugus Creek, which is the southern boundary of the county, is a good yielding aquifer. Municipal Water Supply Systems In Erie County there are 19 public water systems with own supply facilities. Seven of them take water from either Lake Erie or the Niagara River. The others use inland surface water (streams and reservoirs). These systems are listed in Table 1-2 . and-briefly described below. Erie County Water Authority (ECWA) This water utility serves about 55 percent of the Erie County populatioa outside of the City of Buffalo. Communities which are wholey of partly served by the Authority include the Towns of Amherst, Clarence, Newstead, Cheektowaga, Lancaster, Alden, West Seneca, Elma, Orchard Park, Hamburg, Evans, Eden, Boston, Aurora and the City of Lackawanna. The E.C.W.A. owns and operates two water treatment plants, Woodlawn and Sturgeon Point. Both plants take water directly from Lake Erie. Sturgeon plant has a nominal capacity of 50 mad and the Woodlawn Plant has a capacity of 13 mad. The Woodlawn plant is recommended for expansion to 38 mad by 1990 and 78 mad by 2020. Also recommended is a new plant shared with the Town of Tonawanda in the future. 1-9 The City of Buffalo System Buffalo System takes its water from Lake Erie. Existing intake and other plant facilities are adequate to meet the present and 'most of the projected future water demands. The system serves the entire City of Buffalo. In addition, the city has a total of six interconnections with the E.C.W.A. and the town of Tonawanda system.. These interconnections provide suppl@mental water supply for E.C.W.A. and the town of Tonawanda during periods of high demands. Expansion of intake and treatment .facilities is recommended after the year 2000. Town of Tonawanda System The Town of Tonawanda System takes its water from the Niagara River. The intake has a capacity of 150 mgd, which is adequate to'meet the present and future water demand. The existing filtration capacity of 24 mgd is recommended for expansion to 136 mgd by the year 2020. The Town of Tonawanda has interconnections with the E.C.W.A. and the City of Buffalo for emergency purposes. CPWS-55 recommends that all 19 systems within the county be incorporated into using 6 sources. Expansion of the Tonawanda System is a'vital part of the recommendation. City of Tonawanda System The City of Tonawanda System takes its waters from the East Branch of the Niagara River. The syttem is inadequate in meeting the future demandt, CPWS-55 recommended that the city purchase water from the Town of Tonawanda. Town of Grand Island System Grand Island receives its major water supply from its own plant and supplemental supply from the Niagara County water district's Wheatfield plant. The town plant takes its water from the West Branch of the Niagara River, which has -water of excellent quality. CPWS-55 recommended that the Town become part ofthe E.C.W.A. system. I-10 Village of Angola The village takes its water from Lake Erie. The system.has a capacity of 0.80 mgd. CPWS-55 recommends that this system be part of the E.C.W.A. system by 1980. Wanakah Water Company The company takes it water from Lake Erie. The capacity of the system is 1.0 mgd. CPWS-55 recommends that this system be part of the E..C.W.A. system by 1980. Sqlf Supplied Industrial Systems Industrial water use is projected to increase. However, no information is readily available concerning self supplied industrial water systems. Boundary Line Determination On the basis of preliminary data no particular consideration concerning the water supply situation is needed in establishing the coastal zone boundary line. Areas for Protection The areas surrounding the intakes may need protection. Table 1-2 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Erie County Existing Sources & Capacity System Capability Projected Demand (mgd),* Alternatives to Water System Sources (mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Meet Future Needs Erie County Water Authority Lake Erie 198 47.5 110.0 224.5 Expand Woodlawn plant Buffalo (City) Lake Erie 160 128.0 143.6 168.9 Expand filter plant Tonawandajown Niagara River 24 22.5 27.4 34.2 Expand filter plant Tonawanda'City Niagara River Grand Island, Town Niagara River 1.3 2.9 7.9 Purchase water from E,C,W,A. Wanakah Water Company Lake Erie 1.0 0.72 Purchase water from E.C.W.A. Angola (village) Lake Erie 0.8 0.75 Purchase water from E.c.w.A. NIAGARA coutirr AMMER; CLARENCE NEWSTEAD GRAND ISLAND z T011YA WANDA ZONE 1C, rk Mimi OF LA"CASTEP CANADA tLDEN BUFFALO z r 1 AI L) ZONE 's WEST Zo 12 o4 MARILLA SE.% E:A ELMA /f4;1,7Y LA f PAR MAIV U AMMORA WALES + Z6NE 'A' NO LLANO E EVANS BOST ZMLOEN r T"6 % Lj Z GRANT NORTH CATTAAAIjGUS SARDINIA COLLINS CONCORD CHAUTAUQUA, COUNTY 11 - - r,-, - LAI COL LINS I CATTAR AUG US COUNTY r.F A T rE A @.l Water Service Areas Erie County CZM Water Supply Study Figure 1-3 Niagara County Niagara County is located in the northwesterly corner of the State being bounded by Lake Ontario on the north and the Niagara River on the west. The economic activity in the southern portion of the county is closely related to the industrial mix for the Buffalo SMSA with the chemical industry being the major employer ih the county. In the northern portion., agriculture is a major economic activity. The topography of the county is divided into two district parts by the Niagara Escarpment which forms Niagara Falls on the Niagara River and extends easterly through the county. South of the escarpment, the county is drained westerly toward the Niagara River by Tonawanda Creek and other smaller tributaries North of the escarpment, the county is drained northerly to Lake Ontario by Eighteenmile Creek and other-small tributaries. Geologically the southern half of the county is underlain by bedrock of limestone and shale, which are -enerally considered potentially good yielding aquifers. Surficial deposits of till and drift overlay the bedrock formations and are not considered good aquifers. Municipal Water Supply Systems There are four major public water supply systems in the county, which are serving about 90 percent of the population. All of the systems use the Niagara River as its source. The characteristics of these systems are summarized in Table 1-3 and described briefly below. Niagara Falls City SXstem The City of Niagara Falls draws water from the West Branch of the Niagara River at a point between Navy Island and Grand Island. The intake has a safe yield of 80 mad. The existing filtration plant has a rated capacity of 64 mgd. The City also supplies water to the Villages of Lewiston and Youngstown and a strip area along the Niagara River to Fort Niagara State Park. The capacity of existing facilities will soon be exceeded. Expansion of existing facilities at same location is recommended by CPWS-59. North Tonawanda City System Water for the City of North Tonawanda is obtained from the East Branch of the Niagara River. Existing intake has a capacity of 40 mgd which is considered adequate for present and for the projected future use. Lockport City System The City of Lockport obtains water from two sources. The City owns a treatment plant which draws water from the East Branch of the Niagara River near the north end of Tonawanda Island and has a capaci@y of 30 mgd. The City also purchases supplemental water from the Niagara County Water District in periods of high demand CPWS-59 recommends further reliance on the NCWD system. Niagara County Water District The District takes water from the West Branch of the Niagara River. It serves the 12 towns of the County, the villages of Wilson and Barker, and part of the Village of Middleport. The District also supplies water to the Villa-e of Medina and environs in Orleans County and to the northern half of the Town of Grand Island in Erie County. The intake of this system is capable of carrying a total flow of about 100 mgd, which is adequate to meet the projected needs for 1980. After then, a new intake at the Hamlet of Oleott is recommended to take water from Lake Ontario. Another intake at Youngsto-,m is recommended for later, which will also use Lake Ontario as the potential source. cpws-59 also recoaunends the 1-15 expansion of the Wheatfield filter plant from-the existing capacity of 20 mgd to 114 mgd for projected needs in 2020. Self Supplied Industrial Systems There are a large number of industries in Niagara County. They obtain water wholly or partly from public water system, which are evaluated as part as the public system needs. Boundary Line Determination There'are no specific considerations for the determination of the boundary line. Areas for Protection Except for the possible protection of'the areas surrounding the intakes, there appears to be no areas for protection. 1-16 Table 1-3 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Niagara County Existing Sources & Capacity System Capacity Projected Demand-JTLdj Alternatives to Water System Sources (mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Meet Future Needs Niagara Falls, Niagara City River 64 52 68 90 Expand intake capacity N. Tonawanda, Niagara Obtain water from City River 40 22 39 NCWD Lockport,City Niagara Obtain water from River 30 15 19 25 NCWD Niagara 1. Lake Ontario Niagara Co. Water District River 2. Expand intake (NCWD) 100 40 86 214 Capacity N it MOAN W 'k0%0 "COTT CIL 'em- moc-ml 1-0 ACW -0 NTIAts L"r &Cftc$,"f 49S co I" Ir 4W.Afir 00. 2*1 34"" Mo 6ax STArg on. "re V0 Ca. @UXA0AL %O.Af amwzm=m 61" WC."WAIV .4AZA A-- NAP or nVae -STATJ STOCKED Wilt Water Service Areas Niagara County CZM Water Supply Study Figure 1-4 C ego %Icarr Pawg as& CL oar Vi SO SO ISA Orros PD AMAil "D.r:41 LA9 LAAd iLD frow GUAARV PD. rawJCAAA& A," Jw 73 cb, IA@IAJ-L MASADA juj@ ST.rs PC, rOWA.-D. :3 IP r. CK. gms cm mamcmm kA:P( MCoqvrAy RAP GY MM# STATZ STOCXED WATIR. Potential Water Sources Niagara County CZM Water Supply Study Figure 1-5 V. List of References a. @Ilegheny River Basin, Alternatives Report, by Allegheny River Basin Board, 1971 b. Comprehensive public water supply study, Chautauqua County, CFWS-49, by Metcalf & Eddy Engineers, 196a- c. Comprehensive public water supply study, Erie County, CFWS-55, by Greeley & Hansen Engineers, 1970 d. Comprehensive public water supply study, Niagara County, CPWS-59, by Greeley & Hensen Engineers, -1970 e. Erie-Niagara Basin, Comprehensive Water Resources Plan, by New York State Water Resources Commission, 1969 f. Water utility management information series for local officials, Bulletin No. 3, State of New York, 1970 1-20 0 SECTION 11 IAKE ONTARIO - ST. 1AWRENCE RIVER SUBAREA 0 0 GENERAL The Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Sub-area covers more than 300 miles of shoreline in New York State with approximately two-thirds of this amount bordering Lake Ontario. Eight counties are involved: Niagara, Orleans, Monroe, Wayne, Cayuga, Oswego, Jefferson and St. Lawrence. For convenience, Niagara County was included in the Lake Erie-Niagara River Sub-area and will not be considered- further in this section. The combined population of the remaining seven counties, according to the 1970 Census, is slightly over 1,200,000. In addition to this, Onondaga County, with.a population of 472,000, is a major user of Lake Ont ario water, and therefore has a significant influence on the Lake Ontario coastline. Added to this amount must be the large num ber of people who use the coastline for recreational purposes. The State Parks along the coastline of Jefferson and St. Lawrence counties serve over one million visitors annually. So, perhaps 3.5 to 4.0 million people affect the coastline of the Lake Ontario - St. Lawrence River Sub-area. Thirty-three public water supply systems affect the coastal area within the Subarea, either by obtaining source supply or by the inclusion of their service area within one mile of the coastline. These systems supplied about 825,000 permanent residents as well as many tourists and industrial and commercial concerns in 1970. The average daily demand was about 132 million gallons a day. The vast quantities of water available from Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River make these sources very attractive to water supply planner.s. The water quality is, overall, excellent. It can be expected that most of the large inbasin areas in central and northern New York will eventually seek to use these sources for their needs. Most of the data contained in this report wascbtained from the county Comprehensive Public Water Supply Studies. A bibliography of all sources appears at the end of the report. Following is a county-by-county compilation of the water supply systems in the vicinity of the Sub-area's coastline and an analysis of their effect on the coastal araa. 11-2 ORLEANS COUNTY Orleans County can be classified as a rural area. Its economy is principally based on agriculture, although some of its work force is employed in the Buffalo and Rochester areas. Population growth through 1995 is expected to be moderate, compared to the State average, with most of the growth occurring adjacent to the villages. The nqrthern part of the county comprises a moderately flai or undulating plainlike area, part of the Ontario plain. 'It has no abrupt or sudden changes in relief. The shoreline bordering Lake Ontario is fairly even with no deep bays or indentations. Along the edge of the lake there is an abrupt bluff rising from the lake shore to the plain which ranges from 5 to 40 feet in height, and this is bordered by a narrow gravel beach, ranging from 10 to about 25 feet in width, that extends from the foot of the bluff to the water's edge. Lake Ontario has a modifying effect on the climate of the northern half of the county which makes it suitable for the growth of fruit. Large scale fruit growing is prevalent here and fruit processing and canning in the autumn creates a heavy demand for water in some areas. The drainage system of Orleans County consists of several small streams which drain directly into Lake Ontario. The largest of these is Oak Orchard Creek. The Barge Canal runs east-west through the middle of the county. There are no.lakes of any significant size. Groundwater is not prevalent in the county in any great amounts. Areas not served by public systdms'Must rely on individual wells which, in many instances, fail to provide sufficient water of suitable quality throughout the year. An evaluation of the aquifers in the county uwas made for the Orleans County Comprehensive Public Water Supply S tudy. Indications were that it is unlikely that groundwater sources could provide dependable supplies for new lochl systems. T il-3 A. Description of Public Water Supply Systems There are six water supply service areas in the count Iy. Four of these systems receive all or part of their supply from water systems in ad jacent counties. Yates Water District #2 and the Village of Medina are supplied by the Niagara County Water District. The Kendall-Hamlin Water District and the Village of Holley are connected to the Brockport, Monroe County, system. The Villages of Albion and Lyndonville -7 obtain their water supply from Lake Ontario'. Following is a description of those systemsaffecting the coastal 1. Village of Albion In addition to the Village, the system serves the hamlets of Gaines, Oak Orchard-on-the-lake in the Town of Carlton from Lake Ontario and treated at a treatment plant located adjacent to the lake. The system if capable of meeting anticipated demand ior at least the next 15 years. Expansion of the treatment facility would be required to meet projected increased demands and expansion to adjacent suburban areas. 2. Village of Lyndonville- The Lyndonville system serves the Village of Lyndonville and the hamlets of Yates Center and Shadigee. Water is pumped from Lake Ontario and is processed at a treatment plant located adjacent to the lake. The treatment plant is more than 50 years old but it is still in good condition. The plant has a rated capacity of 0.20 mgd which is sufficient to meet Lyndonville ' s needs through the study period.. However, it is approaching the end of its economic life and will eventually have to be replaced. The Comprehensive-Water Supply Study presents information for new water systems to serve hamlets in thecounty projected to have 80 or more homes by the year 1990. Because of t@egeneral inadequacy of groundwater supplies in the county it is assumed 11-4 that the new systems would have to obtain ..their supply from existing village systems. Locations of the proposed new service are as near the coastal zone are shown on Figure II-I These systems are not now economically feasible. Table II-I summarizes the present andprojected demandsfor the Villages of Albion and Lyndonville and the alternatives for meeting their future needs. B. Boundary Line Determination From a water supply point of view it isn't important where the boundary line is established. The.shoreline is quite straight and, once* past the bluff at the lakeshore, the land is quite flat. These factors make a boundary line 500-1,000 feet from the shoreline look reasonable. Mostof the shoreline development appears to be vacation homes quite close to the lake. 'It should' I-e noted that, since in many areas wells drilled for individual homes prove to be inadequate, the control of the spread of service areas into coastal zone areas can be a useful managemen.t tool. C. Areas for Protection There are no aquifers of significance near the coast. The intakes for the Villages of Albion and Lyndonville are located on the lake. Watershed rules have been established for both systems and must be considered in coastal zone management. 11-5 TABLE II-1 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Orleans County Existing-Sources & Capacity_ System Capacity Proiected Demand (mgd) Alternatives to Meet Water System sources (mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Albion L. Ontario 2.0 1.10 2.00 3.10 Expansion of treatment plant by 1990 Lyndonville L. Ontario 0.2 0.12 0.15 0.16 L A K E M T A A 1 0 SHADIGEE AC STATE PAR NIAGARA I, COUNTY LINE C A L T 0 N K E N D COUNTY W. D.- VATES CENTER y A MILLERS LYWOOOOVKAA WATERPOaT RMDO[ 04v 0 G A' E S I. Pam 1 0 i's G E W A Y M U R R FANCIER IK)WLESVII LE A L a I N NIAGARA 40COONA COUNTY W.D. 4, SAMK CfftTjR C y A R E S H E L a 8 A R R E is E R IZ- 04 C 0 U N T V LEGEND Existing Public Water Supply Systems SERVICE AREA Orleans County WATER MAINS CZM Water Supply Study Figure II-1 L A X E ONTARIO LAKESIDE rl pm 0 .0 0 SUNSET BEACH 00 C, 0013 3oporlo ANb@.,I C, Cl 0 0- [3 00 0 0 0. 00 0 o 0 0 lo@ Eof LAKESIDE BEACH 8 1-1, -a 11 10 0 cl I IQ Al STATE FARK 0 cl, It 0 0 13,600 LF TO k: gihi - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 LAKE SHOAE ROAD &LB.ON TRANSMISSION MAIN tYIA L&XESIDE BEIM4STAIE PAFMl- A- 0 " OF SIAIE PARK rZ rt M (n OQ m to (D :3 rT (D En H PC 0 03 aj H n 11 r,4 k4 Irt 0) cr C) lp rt rt r- (D KUICKVILLE ck- 13 0 C) 13,600 L FTO AL ON En El 0 tRANSMISS IONMIN M rt IVIA ROOSEVELT HIGHWAV) m L A K 0 N T A R 10 OAK ORCHARO ON-THE-LAKE (P-010 Wale, System) C100 0 11 100 POIN7 UREEZE. D 00000000 0 D 0 100c] 0 0100 r000 'I clooonnno ItoAD 0 00 0 00,0 Set o L 0 0 00 0 0- OID 0000 0) 4 - - - - - - 0 1 WW CO.4@jCCT TO ALOION TRANSMISS.ON 1141@ 0, At AMLET cc tME BRIOW LF 0 w 1`1 oil 0, t- i- rtM (D QQ M (D 0 ft 9: (D :J Lo k4 rt rn CA (D MONROE COUNTY Monroe County is dominated by the City of Rochester. According to the 1970 census, 90% of the approximately 712,000 people living in the County resided within the City of Roche9ter and in the towns adjacent to the City. The economy is heavily dependent upon the manufacture of instruments and machinery. The Eastman Kodak Corporatioa located in Rochester is the major employer in the county. Latest available population projections from the Office of Planning Services indicate a county growth of about twenty-five percent, to about 900,000 by 1990. Most of this growth will occur in the suburban towns adjacent to Rochester. The Town of Webster, which borders Lake Ontario east of Rochester, is expected to experience substantial growth. The land generally slopes up from the Lake Ontario shoreline, with the highest elevations along the County's southern border. There are several small bays on the Lake Ontario coast immediately west of Rochester. Irondequoit Bay, on the east side of Rochester, is quite large, extending about five miles southerly from the Lake into the interior of the County. A considerable portion of Monroe County is drained 'by the Genesee River which runs northerly through the center of the county and empties into Lake Ontario at Rochester. There are no large lakes in the county. Groundwater availability is highly variable throughout the county. Glacial outwash deposits in the present valley of the G.enesee River and in its abandoned chanaels are the most productive sources in the basin. in many parts of the county, glacial till is the principal overburden and ground-water yields are lo.w.The yield, from bedrock aregenerally less than 20 gallons per minute. Much of the groundwater presently used for public water supply in the county is high in hardness and total dissolved solids. II-10 A. Description of Public Water Supply Systems There are ten public water supply systems in Monroe County. By far, the two most important are the City of Rochester system and the Monroe County Water Authority (MCWA) system. These two systems served about 593,000 customers in 1970. The MCWA, being a county-wide entity, has a wide tax base and greater bonding authority than the village systems in the County. It is expected that the MCWA will be'able to meet future needs of these sma ller sy@tems at a more economical price than they could by themselves. The MCWA is presently inter- connected to seven of the other nine public water supply systems, there are public water supply systems in the County. Besides the two previously mentioned systems, there are public water supply systems in the Villages of: Brockport, Hilton, Webster, Fairport, Churchville, Pittsford, Spencerport and East Rochester. Following is a description of the Rochester, MCWA, Brockport, Hilton and Webster systems which have facilities* affecting the coastal areas. 1. City of Rochester Rochester takes its raw water supply from Lake Ontario and from Hemlock and Canadice Lakes located in Livingston and Ontario counties. The Lake Ontario supply is withdrawn through an intake shared with the Monroe County Water Authority and treated at a filtration plant located adjacent to Lake Ontario (See Figure 11-4). Treatment capacity is rated at 36 mgd. The upland supply consists of Hemlock and Canadice Lakes and a system of conduits connecting by gravity flow to the City system. The lakes have an estimated safe yield of 30 mgd. The conduit system capacity is 48 mgd. The system capacity is more than adequate to meet present needs. The Monroe County Comprehensive Water Supply Study (V-A study) recommends the con- solidation of City and Monroe County Water Authority production, transmission and storage facilities under the ownership and administration of the MCWA in order to insure the most economical supply of water. 11-11 I LTO N t 'ki MX T" 'T E7 Met t -4 M :1 V1, ZQ y Monroe Count Service Areas CZM Water Supply Study 7d, ;> Figure 11-4 11-12 2 Monroe County Water Authority (MCWA) MCWA has two treatment plants, both of which take their raw water supply from Lake Ontario. The Authority's Shoremont Plant has recently been expanded to 75 mgd capacity. This plant shares its intake with the City of Rochester. The Authority's second facility is the Beach Avenue Treatment Plant which was purchased from the New York Service Corporation in 1959. Presently this plant-is used only as'a peaking facility and is operated 8 to 10 days per year. Plant capacity is 12 mgd. It is exected that the MCWA will be providing the bulk of future county water supply needs. The Monroe County Comprehensive Water Supply Study has recommended a -schedule of staged construction for the MCWA which includes two new intakes and treatment plants to be located on Lake Ontario. TREATMENT PLANT STAGING PLAN 6 -too Webster - 25,ngds-Zsmgd 440- ----Par no -25 d z 400- 20is 2 Wobster - 25rn 2004 360- Parma- 5MQ 0 W, I" Q. 320 Roplact a coflduqfqt 0 280 1 1 0 1990 maximvm Day DMWW Wobstw-25mVd 240 L-4qT lot LU 940 go 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 -- The locations of the proposed new Parma and Webster treatment plants are shown on FiguresII-5 and 11-6. 3. Village of Brockport The Village of Brockport takes its raw water supply from Lake Ontario (see FigureI4qI60qQ . The water is treated at a 5 mgd treatment plant and pumped approximately 11 miles to village. Brockport supplies water to the Kendall-Hamlin Water District and supplies peaking needs to the Village of Holley. Both of these service areas are 1pcated,in Orleans County.; Present system capacity-cannot meet w ---------- ROAb 23 4:@ roilit f, M Z-@ t :zz-. En ent Plan Site .3 Webster Treatm Monroe County V. supply Study' CZM Water 'Figure 11-5 80 9u S P)int ..... . ... B-2!ach &RAr,30CAe polmr N _zt .4 z5a_ J PA A' Y % 261 i56 HU .eA, 5S _2-2 ROA 5 2 mozlL 0 v4 .\L It kj 7 ljrk z j B prS Parma Treatment plant Site Monroe County CZM water supply Study 2: t Figure 11-6 ROAD @8 X tX, 11-15 maximum daily demand. Additional water is purchased from the MCWA during periods of peak demand. Recommendations are f9r the Village to continue purchasing peaking water from the MCWA. 4. Villageof Hilton Hilton takes its raw water supply from Lake Ontario. The water is treated at thd Vil*lage's 0.6 mgd treatment plant located near Hilton Beach. Th@ plant is old and inadequate to meet maximum daily demand. The Village system is interconnected with the MCWA system. Recommendations are for the Village to phase out its existing plant and caniract with the MCWA for the supply of all future requirements. 5. Village of Webster Webster takes its raw water supply from twelve ve:lls located adjacent to Irondequoit Bay in the western part of the Tom of Webster. The reported safe yield of this supply is 10.5 mgd. Sevenof these wells provide very poor quality water. Projections of service area demands indicate that Webster's existing supply facilities will be unable to meet. maximum day demands within the next few years. The very poor quality of the water produced at several of the Village's wells suggest that they be abandoned. Recommendations are for The Village to proceed along this course and purchase supplemental water requirements from the Monroe County Water Authority. Table 11-2 summarizes the present and projected demands for the five water systems discussed above. 11-16 Self-Supplied Industriial Systems The Eastman Kodak Corp, is a major industrial water user. Most of Kodak's processing water is self supplied. Kodak withdrew an average of 17 mgd from Lake Ontario in 1958. The location of Kodak's water supply intake in the Town of Greece is shown on Figure 11-7. The Xerox Corporation has a new facility in the Town of Webster and is expected to become a major water user in the future. The exact location of this facility and the source of its water has not yet been dttermined. Rochester Gas and Electric Co. also has electric power g6nerating facilities in the Towns of Greece and Webster which extract cooling water from Lake Ontario. Nuclear and conventional power facilities will be investigated under a separate task. B. Boundary Line Determinations From a water supply point of view, the only necessary.consideration would be to include the water supply intakes along Lake Ontario. Locations of these intakes are shown on Figure -11-4. To the west of the City of Rochester the Lake Ontario Parkway, a two lane divided highway, appears to be alogical boundary. East of Rochester, Lake Road runs close to the coast from Irondequoit Bay to the Wayne County Line. C. Areas for Protection The areas around municipal and industrial water supply intakes from Lake Ontario shou@d be protected. Watershed rules have been enacted for: Rochester, MCWA. (Shoremont facility) and Hilton. Additionally, if the MCWA expects to construct treatment plants at the Parma and Webster.sites, as recommended in the Comprehensive Water Supply Study, these areas will require protection. The site of the proposed Webster plant, shown on Figure-II -5, is now owned by tie MCWA. The Parma site, shown on Figure II-� would have to be purchased. Irondequoit Bay is an important body of water from a recreation and geologic point. The Bay has pollution problems caused by wastewater and salt from winter road maintenance. The shoreline of the Bay should be included in the coastal zone management area. 11-17 The well field for the Village of Webster is located adjacent to Irondequoit Bay Watershed rules have been enacted. The well field should be included in the area of management.- 11-18 TABLE, Existing Public Water Supply Systems Monroe County Water Syste Existing Sources & Capacity System Capacity Prolected Demand (mgd) Altermtives to Water System Sources (mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Meet Future Needs Rochester Lake Ontario 36 52.85 57.0 62.5 Purchase watdr from MCWA Hemlock and Canadice Lakes 30 Monroe Co. Water Lake Ontario 87 35.34 89 160 Additional withdrawals Authority from Lake Ontario Brockport Lake Ontario 5 8.60 16.8d Purchage water from- MCWA Hilton Lake Ontario 0.6 0.34 0.64 0.91 Purchase water from MCWA Webster wells 10.5 5.16 9.49 14.50 Purchase water from p4CWA 'Ap T@'- 7 A Alb w: z lio, v",I r- N A\ W, -N. t ..9 1 i 0 1 iIt, -D W.Irx 1 1;4 "Z7 v I A VENUt- -0@ 011, Oh L; IJ 17 J I"N'zz Ar ev 0.- v .,V-, 0. 4: ,'Nzz, '7 V-4'. 10 Ivw zz- 7 ;:p LoCation of intakes Town of Greece IL Monroe County CZM WAter-Supply Study Figure H-7 ------ 11-20 WAYNE COUNTY Wayne County is mainly a rural-agricultural area. The major centers of population, Newark, Lyons, Palmyra and Clyde, are located in the southern half of the county. More than one-half of the land in the county is devoted to agricultural interests. Dairy and fruit farms are most numerous. -Of the counties-in.New-YorkState, Wayne is f irs.t in land in orchards and vineyards, second in the value of all farm products sold, third in acres,of vegetables harvested for sale and fifth in farms with more than 400 chickens. Rainfall total and distribution is generally adequate so that very little of the farm acreage is irrigated. A large- food processing industry has established itself in Wayne County based on the large local farm output. These plants require large quantities of water for washing farm produce and packaging. Most of the water required by this industry is used in the fall months. Orchards extend quite close to the Lake Ontario shoreline much of the distance between Sodus Bay and the Monroe County line. To the east of Sodus Bay, the shoreline becomes increasingly steep, with several bluffs noted on the topographic maps. From the shoreline the lake plaim rises gradually to the south. The northern half of the county is drained',by, several small streams which empty directly into Lake Ontario. The coastline is fairly regular in the western half of the county. The eastern Ialf is characterized by several bays and marshes which are typically separated from the Lake by a barrier beach. There is a sizeable summer resident population aloal the coastline. The estimated 1966 population was 9,000. This is projected to grow to 13,000 in 1990 and 19,000 in 2020. Table 3 shows projecled growth for resort areas along the coastline. 11-21 LAKE ONTARIO w- 41 2 w- L 7 *W I L L S 0 N R 0 N 1 0 N A 14 IS .7 wk"u- A. s 0 0 U IN Ri T M A R 0 N R 0 S AE t-4 G A L E N A R C A 0 1 A "ILI 11 P M y R L Y 0 N S M A c E W-4 W-3 W-1 5 A v W-4 W. w \,,W- PRO. INTAKE NO To MOM FARMwwrou a IL ON CANANDA1001AA LEGEND FROM PLANT W- S E N L C A c 0 SOON JAMONUS PON11 slovice MCA n N I A R0 c 0. (D :3 SURRUNG WATER MAIN AND Idit oI, 1@ " :3 fD pi oQ OEM (D cn STORAGE FACILITY ..4 0. 1310 Fo p- 10 03 r. TREATMENT PLANT llkCWDCI PMPtN$ STATION$ MO NO.v f,- I-" rt 60011911 PUM14101 STATION AND MUNKIt WTAE@ rt (D 'Im MAT 14,3c- CL W @ON Q, 600uko WAVER sounct Groundwater is generally available in the county for individual well development although high hardness and iron content are common. A. Description of Public Water Supply Systems Wayne County has 22 individual iystems serving roughly 60 percent of the County's 74,000 inhabitants. Of these, five use Lake Ontario as a source of supply. Most of the smaller systems utilize groundwater. There are eight existing systems with either service areas or source of supply within the coastal area. A bri ef description of each follows. 1. Holland Cove This is a resort village located on the coastline in the Town of Williamson. Summer resident population is about 230. The water supply system operates i n the summer only. Source of supply is groundwater. Any additional source needs likely will be obtained from groundwater development. 2. Ontario Water District (including Walworth W.D.) The Ontario Water District supplies all water districts in the Town of Ontario, except the West Ontario Water District, and all water districts in the Town of Walworth (see FigureII-8). Source of water is Lake Ontario. 3. Village of Sodus (including Sodus W.D.) Approximately 4,400 people are served by this system. Lake Ontario is the main source of supply, with wells as an emergency supply. 4. Village of Sodus Point The Sodus Point system served about 1,300 people in 1966. The Village supply is taken from Lake Ontario. 11-23 5. West Ontario Water District The West Ontario Water District buys its water from the Village of Webster, Monroe County. The system served 380 people in 1966. 6. Williamson Town Water District The Williamson Town W.D. includes all water districts in the Town (Williamson, East Williamson, Pultneyville, Ridge Chapel and West Aidgd Water Districts) and the Marion Town Water District. Lake Ontario is'the source of supply. 7. Village of Wolcott The Village of Wolcott has a treatment plant on Lake Ontario. The system served 1,640 people in 1966. 8. Shaker Tract Utilities, Inc. This is a private water supply system serving the Shaker Heights subdivision located on the west side of Sodus Bay in the Town of Huron (see FigureII-9). Source of supply is groundwater. The system supplied an average 11,000 gallons per day to 175 people in 1974. The-Report on Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study for Wayne County recommends an intermunicipal development plan for much of thecounty, including all of the coastal area. The plan recommends interconnection of existing systems and development of additional capacity in order to permit expansion of service areas and to absorb growth in demand. Principal features include phased expansion of the Town of Williamson treatment plant and phase-out of plants of the Ontario Water District and Villages of Sodus, Sodus Point and Wolcott. Project phasing is shown on Figure,II-10. The system would be administered by a County Water District. 11-24 Table 4 summarizes available information on present and projected demands on the above seven systems. B. Boundary Line Determination The determination of boundary line location in Wayne County should follow careful study of the shoreline. In some places, bluffsborder the coastline. In other places, bays and wetlands cut deep into the interior of the County. The.areas recommended for protection should be included in the management area, if possible. C. Areas for Protection There are no important aquifers near the coastline except for the groundwater sou rces of the Holland Cove and Shaker Tract Utilities, Inc.j water supplies. These aquifers should be protected. The five withdrawal points and the-accompanying filtration plants should be included in the management area. 11-25 TABLE Summer Residents Wayne County (1) Location 1966 1990 2020 Lake Ontario Ontario Town Bear Creek 370 520 780 Remainder of Town 370 520 780 d Williamson Town Holiands Cove 230 320 480 Remainder of Town 700 980 1,500 Sodus Town Western Shoreline 330 460 690 Camp Beechwood 200 280 420 Sodus Point Village 1,800 2,500 3,800 Sodus Bay Lake Bluff 420 590 880 LeRoy Island 500 700 1,100 Remainder of Sodus Bay (2) 1,580 2,200 3,300 East Bay 560 780 1,200 Port Bay 1,750 2,400 3,700 Blind Sodus Ba y 280 390 590 9,090 13,000 19,000 Total (1) Average number of residents in addition to year-round population at recreational areas on weekends during the summer (2) Centered around the hamlet of Resort Source:. Wayne County Comprehensive Water Supply Study WAYNE COUNTY TT-96 TABLE 4 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Wayne County Existing Sources & Capacity Projected Demand Water System .(mgd) System Sources Capacity 1966 1990 2020 Alternatives to (mgd) Meet Future Needs. Holland Cove Ground- water 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 Increase groundwater with- drawals Ontario W.D. Lake Ontario 1.53 0.32 N.A. N.A., Either interconnection of Sodus (V) Lake systems, as outlined in Ontario & the Wayne County dompre- wells 1.64 0.50 N.A,' N.A, hensive Water Supply Study, or continue present Lake Sodus Point(V) Lake Ontario w@thdrawals Ontario 0.75 0.12 N.A. N.A. Williamson Lake W.D. Ontario 2.50 10-10 N,A, N.A# Wolcott (V) Lake Ontario & springs 1.00 0.30 N.A. N.A. Shaker Tract Ground- Utilities, Inc. water 0.13 0.011 N.A. N.A. West Ontario Webster, W.D. Monroe Co. N.A. N.A. N.A. Continue to meet needs by purchasing water'from Village of Webster 1A '.00 > E SP r 0 01' Z' A0i ------------- -'Z .7 4 14 bz. ---------- - -7- 41- JE @:3-7 ',I f V CM02 so- J 41- ROAD ......... EN A 717 z Shaker Tract Utilities, Inc. 4@ -1 7 7 300 30 ac 00-- oce Shaker Tract Utili ties 50 Wayne County CZM Water Supply Study "N" Figure 11-9 8 J. .......... w W I L L 1, jm 0 Al T A R I I V 4, Q U R 0 N TAP A, 0 0 *U s 6 ir W L W 0 R T M A R W A R C A Q/ I A L V 0 A c I-A Fromm, KCWA@-Vt- 7 . ..... It c 1'. PZI :c R. ....... th M It aq 14 Frm CarArdalgw Lake ploft CAI m ed L E 0 E N D m pi 0 PROPOSED FACILMES- PHASING SCHEDULE* PHASEW "ASf'8* "ASE'C' P.ASEV V9,11M 10 0 Lj* EXISTING 1970-1979 950.19gg 1990-1999 2000.2D20 f 111 9 C A c 0 M W.I. Frm Pl..ll From Jvolum Ponft 0 E",, To B. Ab-d ... It E._q ... C-11.. ...... ...... ...... ...... cn TI.__, 1`_. 1. 1. IIIII"III-W 4 IN a r, T- I..' A A A A 0 0 0 la. 0 0 lp It IL 2 6C ior Code IIdictit" PhO16 Ot WIlGl the Nowai,t CAYUGA COUNTY There is only about eight miles of Lake Ontario shoreline in.Cayuga County. The major feature is Little Sodus Bay located near the Wayne County line. Major stream tributaries tvhich enter Lake Ontario along the coastline are Sterling Creek and Ninemile Creek. Fair Haven Beach State Park is located immediately cast of Little Sodus Bay and occupies a little more than one mile of coastl@ine.' The coastline consists of a series of dru'mlins separated by marshes which extend inland along streams. Barrier beaches generally front the marshes. A. Description of Public Water Supply Systems The Village of Fair Haven, on Little Sodus Bay, is the only community water supply system presently affecting the coa*stal area. The Onondaga County Comprehensive Water Slupply Study recommends that the Onondaga County Water District construct an intake ana treatment plant of West Nine Mile Point sometime around 2020 to meet anticipated demand (See Figure II-11) 1. Village of Fair Haven The source of supply is well field located east of the Village near a tributary of Sterling Creek. Fair Haven is a resort community with a large influx of summer visitors. The largest user of the Village system is the Fair Haven Beach State Park. The ratio of maximum daily demand to average daily demand is 3.6 to 1. The present source should be adequate through 1990. Additional .groundwater development would likely be the least.expensive means of increasing supply. 2. Onondaga County Water District (OCWD) See Oswego County for a system description. B. Boundary Line Determination There are neither public water supply sources nor aquifers near enough to the coastline to influence boundary line determinations. The service area of the Village of Fair Haven, shown on Figure'.II-12enc'ircles Little Sodus 11-30 Bay and serves the State Park. C. Areas for Protection Fair Haven's well field is located 3,700 feet distant and 20 feet higher than the coastline; too far away to warrant consideration. The Onondaga County Water District should be contacted to determine whether they have any firm plans to purchase the West Nine Mile Point site. 11-31 4,0 TABLE 11-5 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Cayuga County Existing Sources & Capaci@;y Projected Demand:(mgd) System Capacity - Alternatives to Meet Water SVstem Sources (mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Fair Haven Groundwater 0.505 0.075 0.140 0.290 Additional ground water ro ONW" ...... N RTH ERL Mo t@ tNG V LLEY ETT FA AIV E N STERLIN I(N -:(Z-Z-51 S"tf I# MILES Rl< RE MA ILLX H NORT w VICT gf RED CREEK 10 A B I J. 41 IR R WE$ BURY @-N m ICTIOR OQ r- m :3 (D rn @x ul ............... c Pl. En 0 " 0 i . . r, -j CL rt 14 K (A I MEAN LAKE. ELEVATON 246 22 16 to It C. P. j to _j @V? A, 5 Tn 0 30 vi !'p C@ @T 3odus 'N 34 J, G r a AS rATE _mPA@k 010a, d J % j, RCA 0 > w E 1- PU,MP STATIONJ_ Nordi, 0) Fair, Haveii STORAGE--,-,' "'n !_j N 3 8 U N QgR7@,- WAT ER-- -L --MAfN V Pearso WATER' MAfti-, PX 'A' W.41-E.R /10 A _L R G E R:,:; _UA IN PZ; A-@ F c-, Cil NZ@A PW AGE-3 P v, .0 d k 1 316 Hrigbi-wk apel ne t Al A i4ly E El rid I N-i 4 @kry ;.Ni\ N ca lu, .......... 'N -ii@ k!! 1. :TP: ZI stmao- 77 @CA Little Sodus Bay -q @0;m Cayuga County 3> 0 I L Czm water Supply St udy 0" 0 Figure 11-12 19! 1-434 -u c n V; 'i m 0 43. 74 PZOPO-5et> 3.- West Ninernife 31 Y.-Moon -Be.-ich z j4 'A A 0 1-7 I IN' G _ @_3 nC Proposed Ninemile Creek Intake Site Cayuga County CZM Water Supply Study Figure 11-13 OSWEGO COUNTY The center of pofulation and commercial activity in Oswego has traditionally been the City of Oswego. However, the Ci*&y of Syracuse is having increasing influence onthe population trends and on employment in the county. The combination of the movement to suburbia and improved road access from Syracuse is causing a substantial population growth on the corridor between Syracuse and Oswego. Population projections indicate a county growth rate substantially higher than the State average during the next 25 years. In addition to this, new industries have settled in the county, making the employment outlook, over the long term,bright. The only urbanized area of the Lake Ontario coastline is tn'the City of Oswego. Oswego, at one time, was a major Great Lakes port. Although the amount of cargo tonnage handled has decreased substantially in the last hundred years, the port continues to generate a considerable amount of commercial and industrial activity along the adjacent coastline. The Lake Ontario coastline in Oswego County has a variable topography. West of the City of Oswego it consists o*f a series of drumlins trending in a general north-south direction, separated by marshes that extend several miles inland along small creeks. The drumlins range up to 150 feet above lake level and one-quarter to one-half mile wide at their base. For about 13 miles east of the Oswego River, the shore bluffs are from 5 to.25 feet high. From there to the Salmon River the shore contains occasional reaches of high @:ound separated by marsh areas that are fronted by barrier beaches. The remaining'Oswego County shoreline north of the Salmon River is generally a barrier beach and sand dunes up to 45 feet high, separating either marsh areas 40 or open ponds from the lake. 11,,436 The major stream system in the county is the Oswego River, which enters Lake Ontario at the City of Oswego. Other streams draining portions of the County are the Salmon River, Little Salmon River, Little Sandy Creek and Grindstone Creek. Selkirk Shores State Park is located on the Lake Ontario coastline in the Town of Richland, between the outlets of the Salmon River and Grindstone Creek. The Office of Parks and Recreation proposes expansion of the park in its Statewide Comprehensive Recreation Plan. Harbors of Refuge are also proposed by OPR for Mexico Point and Port Ontario. There are two electric power generating plants on the coastline in Oswego County, both operated by the Niagara Mohawk Power Corps. The Oswego station, located in the City of Oswego, uses fossil fuels. The Nine Mile Point Station in the Town of Scriba, is nuclear powered. A. Description of Public Water Supply Systems There are two public water supply systems which affect the Lake Ontario .coastline in Oswego County. 1. City of Oswego The City takes all of its public water supply from Lake Ontario. It has an intake on the coast located just west of the Oswego River. The -intake structure is at the end of an eight-foot diameter tunnel which extends 6,250 feet off shore in about 54 feet of water. The intake is shared with the Onondaga County Water District.,which is allowed to withdraw up to 62.5 mgd. The water receives only chlorination and fluoridation before'use. The City'is under orders, issued by the Water Resources Commission, to filter its water supply. Pumping capacity is expected to be sufficient to meet need through 2020. 40 11-37 The City system also serves part of the adjacent towns of Oswego, Minetto, Scriba and Volney. The present service.area and the*likely 1990 and 2020 areas served are shown on Figure 11-14. 'Industries served include the Alco Aluminum Co. and the Niagara Mohawk Nine Mile Point facility in the Town of Scriba and the Hammermill Paper Company in the City of Oswego. 2. Onondaga County Water District (OCWD) -OCWD, which is administered by the Metropolitan Water Board, takes its-water supply from Lake Ontario. The District has a contract with the City of Oswego to take up to 62.5 m d from Oswego's Lake intake. The water 49 is pumped to a filtration plant located south of Oswego and then transmitted -to Onondaga County. At present, OCWD has two customers, the Onondaga County Water Authority and the City of Syracuse. However, other municipalitie's in both Onondaga and Oswego Counties are expected to purchase water from this system in the future. The Onondaga County Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study has recommended an expansion plan to meet an expected large growth in demand. The study predicts that the Onondaga County service area demand in 1990 and 2020 will be 139 mgd and 223 mgd, respectively. The study recommends that Lake Ontario supply 73 mgd in 1990 and 155 mgd in 2020. It is recommended that the existing pumping facilities at the City of Oswego intake be expanded to the 62.5 mgd allowable capacity, that a new intake be built on Lake Ontario at Burt Point which is located -,about 1.5 miles we8t of the existing intakes, and that the treatment -plant located south of Oswego be expanded. These facilities are recommended for construction prior to 1980. For 1990 further expansion of pumping, treatment and transmission facilities are recommended. 11-38 For 2020 the construction of a third Lake Ontario intake, located at West Nine Mile Point in Cayuga County, is recommended. A water treat ment plant would also be constructed at the site. The service areas and sources of supply of other water supply systems in the county are all located more than one mile from the coastline. None of these systerhs ate expected to seek a source of supply within one mile of the coastline in the future. B. Boundary Line Deterrhination The existing City of Oswego and Onondaga County Water District pumping stations, located on the coastline at Oswego, should be included in the coastal zone management area. If the Onondaga County Water District plans to construct pumping and treatment facilities at Burt Point, Oswego County, and West Nine Mile Point, Cayuga County, -these areas should also be included in the management area. C. Areas for Protection There are no important aquifers within the coastal area which require, special protection. No new water supply systems are expected to be established within a mile of &.e.coastline in the next 45 years. It is expected that the City of Oswego system will serve more of the coastal area as time passes. The only water supply system expected to seek new source supply in the coastal area is the Onondaga County Water District. Burt Point, located 2 miles west of Oswego, has been identified in the Onondaga Comprehensive Water Supply Study as a possible location for a new water supply intake around 1990. The Disttict. should be questioned to determine whether they' have any firm plans for this site. If they do use of the area adjacent to the site should be requlated to exclude uses which would be incompatible to the intake facility. The existing City of Oswego intake is located far out into Lake Ontario, 6,250 ft No watershed rules have been established. The location of its pumping station TT-39 and the adjacent OCWD, pumping station should be considered in the course of establishing land use regulations for the adjacent area. The City of Oswego is under court orders to filter their water supply. They should be consulted to find out whether they have a site near the coastline under consider- ation for a treatment plant. 11-40 TABLE ft-6 EXISTING PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OSWEGO COUNTY Existing Sources & Capacity ProJected,--.Demand System Capacity (mgd) Alternatives to Water System Sources (mgd) 1974 1990 2020 Meet Future Needs Oswego (c) Lake Ontario 34.0 10.00 16.02 25.72 Onondaga Co. Lake Ontario 25.0 9.42 73.02 154.59 'Two new intake sites on Lake Water District Ontario at Burt Pt. Oswego County, and @est Nine Mile Point, Cayuga Co. 00 Aldbk JLFFERSON COUNTY I.. . . .... . . ..... JEF- B 1) Y L S T C, N s @4 Dy MG CF E K -71 REDRELD (,O)s o M io5,, 0 R W E L L I r `0@29! MG R I H L A N *Sz,- @'ALT%l A L El 10 N me' M t A V E N @A F X I G e 47d@--:'w '77@--o 30 r -M 6 -oJo) MG L t, S T 0 496', 14 M G 4 41 'G 0.18 MG' P A R 13 H 11 10 MG . I I' @-Ca 446, L 409' - ,\\", -4 / - a P A R t 0 0.15 mi3 Industr ial IS HASTING f,3 T 1 1.9 A w Sioroge t 'NHO i 1 j 0.50 MG 0 (p 530, 1 MG 60,5 0-530 C ONSTANI i A 1.5 MG t t- -0.50 MG, 1530' il E 1. k,_ s0.18 MG. a, 525' rt :c 0 ti. ,Ca 460@- J, yq rt V4 oQ 9 (D M OQ rD 0 P3 rt ONEIDA LAKE 0.40 0 pt La-500@-V V- k4 rt 0 WNIACIA W rt P- 4t, 30,' MG C 4 4 (D JEFFERSON COUNTY JEF COLwry a 0 Y L S T 0 N s N D Y c E E K smov k.OCONA REDFIEL ------- ---------- 4' 10RWE 0 R W E L L I r 00 R I H L A ALBION 1-4, :54V-;-Tf 1:0A 17 E N', C N E W E X A, v 4- LWO WILLI STO N 3 $ W E 0 69 PARISH AMRn 17 d PA R 0 46 r? V 0 L" E 1--h i @` @- fil t 0 N 1 0 A L HASTING .s -ST H N T M NRO r? M --:4 4q C) IG AN 9 CoONSTANTIA r- M M (D R aQ.AR[ rD 0 UGA CQUMTY pw U @"AWI @-q 10 0 10 49 k4 14 1-4 ONEIDA LAKE ct m WON DA64 CO N M (D PENN CENTRAL OSWEGO Burt Point 6-- 0 Wes, PS. Ninem'He ./,- ' TREATMENT FACILI-ES Point -Aga b@q 5 ,T P MINETTO. EATMENT FACILMES Ps. OSWEGO COUNTY I& X FULTON 30 CENTRAL SOUARE Ir 5p"%" C, 4@ < 'k, 0 OSWEGO COUNTY V -%O-'GA COUNTY PHO ENIX CAYUGA 30MG COUNTY 0 TWL-441 Ps. 4x ALDWI 150MG TWL-600 CROSS ONON C COUNTY LAKE N. Y. S. Lake Ontario Supply & Transmission Facilities seneco oJORDAN Onondaga County CZM Water Supply Study 1P Figure 11-16 LEGEND 4@ - - - - EXISTING FACILJ-nES IDELBRIDGE 1990 CONSTRUCTION 2020 CONSTRUCTION 3 C., 11-44 JEFFERSON COUNrY The coastal area of Jefferson County is heavily,oriented to recreation There are 15 State Parks along either Lake Ontario or the St. Lawrence River which occupy a total of 3,800 acres of the coastline. In add' ion, there are R ,several town and village parks along the coast. The northern half,.of the- county borders the Thousand'Islands areal famous for its scenery and recreational opportunities. The Villages of Cape Vincent, Clayton and Alexandria Bay are major recreation centers and have large population increases during the summer. .This puts a burden on their water supply systems. Average daily demand increases -about.fifty percent during this time. The shore of Jefferson County, between the Oswego-Jefferson County line and Tibbett's point at the head of the St. Lawrence River, is very uneven and contains -several deep bays and prominent headlands. The total length of the shore is about 120 miles. For 10 miles north from the Oswego County line, a barrier beach and sand dune extend in nearly a 'straight line, separating marsh areas and small ponds from the open lake. At the end of the 10-mile reach, the shore characteristics change abruptly. Rock outcrops at the water's edge and rises gradually to a height of about 75 feet on the west side of Stony Point. It then falls gradually as the shore continues around Stony Point into Henderson Bay. From Henderson Bay to Tibbett's Point the shoreline is very irregular with deep bays predominating. Some of the bays have ma rsh areas at their inner end.. The shoreline along the St. Lawrence River section of Jefferson County is quite variable in relief. There is little beach area and rock is very close to the surface. As the name, Thousand Islands implies, there is a multitude of islands of all sizes -dotting the River in this reach. The major streams -cutting across the coastal areas in Jefferson County are -Sandy Creek, Stony Creek, Black River, Perch River and Chaumont River. 'Jefferson County,-except for some isolated areas, is not lacking in groundwater resources. The groundwater for individual use is obtained principally from 0 -wells drilled in bedrock. Surficial depos its are usually too thin,to T T-_/L support a water table. Buried glacial channels are a possible source of groundwater locally. The water is generally of good quality but hard. Excess iron, sulphur and salt are problems locally. The problem areas of the county seem to be principally those covered by lacustrine clays found in the Towns of Cape Vincent, Henderson and Hounsfield. A. Description of-Public Water Supply Systems There are ten public water supply systems in Jefferson County near the coastline. The largest system is that of the City of Watertown which serves about 34,000 people as well as several industries. The remaining nine systems are small, with demand less than 0.5 mgd. Six of the systems take their source of supply from Lake Ontario or the St. Lawrence River. Following is a description of the existing water supply systems, their present and projected needs-and suggested alternatives for meeting needs. 1. City_of Watertown The City takes its water supply from the Black River, near its eastern boundary. The treatment plant is over 60 years old. The Jefferson County Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study recommends that Watertown and the adjacent communities of Brownville, Glen Park and.Dexter join together in a regional system. Several alternative schemes of supplying the system are presented. All include either Lake Ontario or the Black River as a source. Figure-II-17hows the locations of withdrawal sites that were examined in the alternative schemes. The Study recommended that a,County, Water District be formed to supply Watertown, Brownville, Glen Park, Dexter and portions of the towns of of Watertown, Pamelia, Brownville and Hounsfield. The Black River would be the source of supply and the existing Watertown treatment plant would supply the treated water. Around 1990, a new treatment plant would be needed. Figuro 11-17* showsthe projected 1990 and 2020 service areas. 11-46 2. Village of Sackets Harbor The Village obtains its water from Lake Ontario through an intake located on the shore southwest of the Village (see Figure 11-18) The water is treated before use. The supply is expected to be adequate in quantity for the next 45 years. 3. Villagd of'Alexandria Ba ihe Village derives its water supply from the St. Lawrence'River. The water receives only chlorination before use. The Village is subject to seasonal variations in population and, consequently, in demand. Golf course watering also creates fluctuations in demand. Improvements in the distribution system and in pumping and storage facilities were made in the 1960's. It may be necessary to filter the water in the future. 4. Village of Cape Vincent Cape Vincent takes its water supply from the St. Lawrence River. The water receives only chlorination before use now, but filtration may be necessary in the future. The village applied to DEC in 1974 for permission to refurbish the pumping,,chlorination and storage facilities. The new pumping facilities will allow the system to take-an additional 120,000 gallons per day from the river. 5. Village of-Chaumont The village takes its water supply from Lake Ontario. The water is filtered before use and maximum capacity of the filtration plant is 385,000 gallons.per day. Source supply, pumping capacity and filtration facilities are expected to be adequate through 2020. 11-47 6. Village of Clayton The St. Lawrence River is the source of supply for the Village of system. The water is not filtered. Bacterial count var;Les widely and filtration may be necessary in the future. Source supply and pumping capacity are adequate for the planning period. 7. Thousand Island Park The Park located on Wellesley Island, is supplied by a privately owned water system between April 15 and October 10. During the remaining part of the year, the residents use individual well supplies. Water supply for the system is taken from the St. Lawrence River. The water is not filtered before use. The pumping facilities, while old, are considered adequate. During the summer months the lakeshores in the owns of Henderson, Houn6field and Ellisburg are heavily populated. Many of the seasonal residents use water from the lake for all purposes except drinking. Drinking water is often transported in or taken fromiindividual well supplies. No new water supply systems are expected to be constructed in the foreseeable future along the coastline of Jefferson County. Present and projected population densities are too low to make a project economically feasible. Table 11-7 summarizes the present and projected water supply demands and alternatives to meet needs of the above discussed systems. B. Boundary Line Determination There are no special boundary line considerations necessary for, water supply in Jeffers on County. It appears that the pump stations for the six communities that use either Lake Ontario or the St. Lawrence River as source are located near the water's edge and would fall within even a minimum management area. 11-48 C. Areas for Protection There are no significant groundwater aquifers near the coastline-in Jefferson County. The pumpi ng and treatment facilities of Ale%andria Bay, Clayton, Cape Vincent, Clairmont, T&ousand Island Park and Sackets Harbor which are located on the coastline should be protected. If watershed rules have been established for the intake areas of these systems, they should be taken into account when determining the management plan. The City of Watertown should be contacted to determine their plans for the future. If they intend to go to Lake Ontario for their supply, the coastal zone management plan will have to recognize this. 11-49 TABLE 11-7 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Jefferson County Existing Sources & Capacity Projected Avbr'age Daily Demand System--Capgcity (mgd) Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources (mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Watertown Black River 9.0 4.8 6@02 7A3 Join a county water District. Brownville Well 0.29 0.11 0.25 0.31 Around 1990, add to treatment plant. Dexter Well 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.13 Sackets Harbor Lake Ontario 0.58 0.14 0.17 -6'._'20 Glen Park Village of Brownville Same as Brownville Alexandria St. Lawrence 0.4 (w) -Bay River N.A. 0.6 (s) 0.48 0.62 Cape Vincent St. Lawrence 0.180 (w) River N.A# 0.270 (s) 0,.22 0.27 Chaumont Lake Ontario 0.385 0.05 0.07 0.09 Clayton St. Lawrence River N.A. 0.47 (w) 0.60- '(s) 0.54 0.58 Thousand St. Lawrence Is. Park River N.A. 0.20 0,31 0.47 I % ALEXANDRIA BAY. V 7% 4 7-st THOUSAND ISLAND PARK ..ANTWERP N WERM Ir 'T CL*AYTON, f, -@V PHILADELPHIA -A@ EVANS MILLS DEFERIE T . ......... . . HERRING CARTHAGE CAI@E VINCENT Z CHAUMONT BLACK@ RIVER WEST CARTHAGE BROWNyILLtF_:4-,;,,1@ DEXTER---@ 4@. TERTOWN 'tL @@-: O;ACKETS RBOR LEGEND 7 N-7 PRE' ENT SERVICE AREAS I @-Iqqo PROJECTED RODMAN FUTURE SERVICE 'Cl AREAS 2020 "Oe I -4-Z ADAMS '1@ o@ 1V P T H 7. @w, I. A 1,1- ''MANN SVILLC--@ -Ilk Service Areas Jefferson County CZM Water Supply Study Figure 11-17 Scale of Mlles* 0 1 2 4 Ile loe LAKE 0 N T A R 10 C, Navy Point SACKETS HARBOR BATTLEFIELD STATE PARK -7_7@ UL @s Hof Sackcts Harbor (844 278) Light SI.P. -Alt X259 Norse Island Boullop 120 WATER-INTAKL APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION, 1959 R.T.M. 4/26/71 Village of Sackets Harbor Jefferson County CZM Water Supply Study Figure 11-18 I cco 0 MOFEET 11-52 J, Lj T L_j IL Ij L Ef -J. L _J IL I F Cape Vincent Village \N%, LL ILI Water-System Map Czm Water Supply study 53 -19 Figure ii ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY There are five water supply systems operating in the coastal area of 'hy from St. Lawrence County. Four of the five take their water supp the St. Lawrence River. The amount of water withdrawn by these systems is miniscule compardd tothe St. Lawrence River flow of 164 billion gallons which flow-by Massena daily. Following is a brief description of the *ater systems of*St. Lawrence County located in the coastal area. A. Description of Public Water SuR21y Systems 1. Village of Morristown The village obtains its water supply from the St. Lawrence River. The water is filtered and chlorinated before use. The pumping and treatment facilities are nine years old and are considered adequate through 2020. Figure 11-26-shows the location of the facilities and the extent of the distribution system. 2. City of Ogdensburg The City takes its water from the St. Lawrence River. The present water supply and treatment facilities date back to 1910. The distribution system is old and leaks excessively. The storage system is inddequate. The St. Lawrence County Comprehensive Water Supply Study recommends that the pumping facilities should be replaced by a new pump station located 2,000-feet upstream of the exis.ting station. Pumping capacity should be increased to at least 7.25 m-.d. The existing slow sand filter treatment plant should be replaced by a diatomaceous earth filtration plant on the same site. Two new storage facilities are also recommended. Figure IT-24shows the recommended location of all 11-54 of these facilities. The location of the existing facilities and the extent of the distribution system are also shown on Figure 11-230 Ogdensburg has a deep water port with access to the St. Lawrence Seaway. As such, its growth potential is considerable. So far, it has been unable to attract any major industry. It is likely that any large water user locating in the area would obtain its supply directly krom.the St. Lawrence River. 3. Village of Waddington Water for the Village system is obtained from two 17 year old drilled wells located within its boundaries. Treatment is provided for hydrogen sulfide removal. The supply and treatment facilities are expect-ed to be ad equate through 2020. Figureli-25 shows the location of the wells and the' areal extent of the distribution system. 4. Tucker Terrace Water Company This is a small privately owned system located about four miles northwest of Massena. The system serves a residential subdivision of which had a popu- lation of about 90 in 1968. Water is taken from the St. Lawrence River and is filtered throt;gh pressure type diatomaceous earth filters before use. Figure 11-22 shows the location of system facilities. The only system deficiency noted in the St. Lawrence County Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study is the 300 gallon pressure tank. The study recommends its replacement with a 1500 gallon capacity tank. 5. Village of Massena The Village distribution system is located away from the coastal area, being about three miles south of the St. Lawrence River. However, the Village's.-pumping' station is located on the shoreline of the River, at the mouth of the Massena Power Canal. The treatment plant is located 11-55 on the south bank of the Power Canal, about one mile from the St. Lawrence River shoreline. Figure tT--23 shows the location of these facilities. The St. Lawrence County Comprehensive Water Supply Study indicates that the pumping facilities are adequate through 2020. It recommends that, to compensate for a shortage of storage capacity, an additional high lift.pump be installed at the treatment plant. The treatment facilities are adequate through 2020. No communities within a mile of the St. Lawrence River shoreline are expected to be able to construct a new public water supply system at a reasonable cost in the near future. Table 11-9 lists pertinent information on the above-described systems. B. Boundary Line Determination No special boundary line considerations are required for water supply. The pumping stations of Morristown, Ogdensburg. Tucker Terrace and Massena and Waddington's well field are all located within 500 feet of the St. Lawrence River shoreline. The diversity of use of the shoreline from industrial to residential ,to recreational makes it difficult to suggest a uniform width for the management area. A detailed examination of land use is needed to establish the boundary line. C. Areas for Protection Areas requiring protection are around the intakes of Mawsena, Ogdensburg, Morristown and Tucker Terrace and Waddington's well field. None of these systems have had watershed rules enacted-. The St. Lawrence County Canprehensive Water Supply Study has suggested that the City of Ogdensburg move its intake to a new location (SeeFigure 1-1-24).The City officials should be quer-ied as to whether there are any plans to do so. Locations of the intakes for the industrial supplies listed in Table 8 are needed. 11-56 TABLE 11-8 MAJOR WATER USING INDUSTRIES OF ST. LAW RENCE COUNTY. LOCATED NEAR THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER LOCATION, SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND WATER DEMAND WATER DEMANDS IN NAME OF INDUSTRY SOURCE OF WATER GALLONS PER DAY AND LOCATION SUPPLY AVERAGE MAXIMUM ACCO St. Lawrence River 1,000- 1,000 Ogdensburg Well 6,000 7,500 ALCOA Massena St. Lawrence River 20,500,000 27,000,000 CHEVROLET -G.m.C. St. Lawrence River 2,500,000 4,000,000 DIAMOND NATIONAL Ogdensburg St. Lawrence River 3,000,000 4,200,000 REYNOLDS METALS Massena St. Lawrence River 8,000,000 10,000,000 TOTALS 341007,000 45,208,500 Source: St. Lawrence County Comprehensive Water Supply Study 11-57 TABLE 11-9 EXISTING PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS St. Lawrence County Existing Sources & Capacity ,System Projected Demand Capacity (mgd) Water System Sources _(mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Alternatives to Meet Future Needs Morristown St. Lawrence R. 0.360 0.066 0.091 0.142 Ogdensburg St. Lawrence R. 5.25 3.16 3.85 5.14 Modernize system, increase pumping capacity to 7.25 mgd Waddington Wells 0.340 0.10 0.16 0.27 Tucker St. Lawrence R. 0.086 0.008 0.014 0.022 Terrace 00 Massena St. Lawrence R. 5.0 2.07 3.12 5.57 Install additional high lift pump at treatment plant, increasing capacity to 7.5 mgd. Projected demand for the year 2000 @F N A A GTO16 0 ri Lit OR Ln" 11-pwim RD LIS a Awal MCC SCALE IN I000'S OF FEET to P &u % Of 03 E AHIE itil % V.:7 "I OWN ETS TE 11 % C@ % DE ALS 8 % MACOMB % REPORT % NRMON no E% r. ERNE CLARE COLTON FOWLE E0WAROS mad - - - - - - - - - - - txj PI AIR* ftj FINE :1 rt t.- 0- 1-4 . 00 Irt CLIFTON PER [FIELD m :E: el rt ok4 0 tV c En :j rA Irt rt rt STUDY AMA SGUNIARY ti rt rA r 21, 'ILE 10 7c A 0 OTO. N 0 R F 0 1 K iv To .00 STO.K OLM %LAWR SCALE IN IOOO'S OF FEET p7 of 03WE A IE "04,14 14 - HOPI. INTON N 0 EYSTE - - - - PAR1341LLEI 104 L- - - - I 0 Le WACOUG 7E REPONt HAM 0 It M AVON Ru 0 c) no JAM En !:@ ------ CLARIF rt ra rT COLTON I EDWARDS M OQ 1`1 CA FOWLE 20 M & M H. cn :3 0 0 0 OQ PI AIRM 22 (D vb te & rime 0 AV 2t CLIFTON -.4 %4 0 PIER6[ri rt rr ilt li-A U) 411.131 ... A W.). CO j U l. 0 b' M .,q Lig C-:1 -T hts 5,4WAY S Ljght@.--- kN C 5 63 LAWR ST e Ligh J1 Lights 12 Hopsons I Bay ICArOL :o; 218 0- ----------------- 63 '30 Ae 4,k N31 V, k, lass Uam 249 Ma -:t5 Bead V. 7 -7 C) SeAage 7- A@ Disposai 220 \Ponq@ Z", "N' 41 N C, 2JI -4 sc@ ILIA < A NN lo@ 220, A 'Pk -A 013 AC rav h, P, , / .@, < V a rk SR 227 12K A V C 48 mm @"P@k Pa- v, 4\ Ac IV ASS Zx@ f C, 0 village of massena Jr High Sr. St. Lawrence County '0% V CZM Water SuPply Study r Figure 11-22 A p %1 289, N", J .44 7r it C=F Village of Massena Water Supply System CZM Water Supply Study Figure 11-23 TT-f I Z-V N . ..... ... vo eA fit ql- A- .2 City of Ogdensburg Water Supply System 'CZM Water Supply Study k) 0 Figure 11-24 11-63 0' 0 @E,S Swr FUTURE WATER POLLUTION PLAN T EXISYING WELLS 51% I PLANT, a g WATER REATMENT 04ME 51 70" A tv, 4' 0 It OAK ST. 0 F, w FINTON LA gRAS, UNION, ST. ST. 43 6 -1 TO 6 @EACM ST. QRCJM sr LEGEND "W, SULLER *AYER "IN 0' LARGER WATER MAIN YOAK STATE 401111 NE ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY ROAD LOCAL VILLAGE STREET INDUSTRIAL ZONED AREAS DESIGNATES ISM CONSTRUCTION K%00 tow SCOD 11404, 002- 0@ - SCALE w FEET Village of Waddington Water supply System CZM Water Supply Study Figure 11-25 -'11-64 r r ChQPmon St. 16 6@ 1 to U 10 - rir, Morris 6 PUMPING .9 E ION 8" w 4 U 120 1 IQ_K@f V E"TQFI NK _AT -kq.E-IA 8 8 1 Northumberland TANK 1 Dunhci 16" 8" Columbia, ij L 6- I Marc 16 Montgomery 2 4!& L:j LEGEND r 6" OR LESS 7! 8" OR MORE Li 2000 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD c I SCALE- HUNDRED FEET 161t 0 5 10 15 4" Village of 14orristown 7A p Water.pupply System k- CZM Water Supply Study Figure 11-26 11-65'- Lj Ile IPA S1 U@2 41,11. IRESSUOLTA"It VUMP leI RICM 4"0" rUCKER rERRACE IVAMW WOW V. LEGEND 4*@d SMALLER WATER MAIN 0*4-d LARGER WATIA MAIN ET's. ATIORRI, NIIE, 70 V`N!T@Y' IR 0 AD LOCAL SINICT KSONA?jS 19?0 CONSTRUCTION 2000 Tudker Subdivision Water Supply System r r-%M Wate Supply Study I Figure 11-27 iI-66 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. CPWS-3, St. Lawrence County Comprehensive Water Supply*% Study, Stearns and Wheler, 1968 2. CPWS-38, Jefferson County Comprehensive Study, O'Brien and Geere, 1968 3. CPWS-23, Oswego County Water Supply Study, Barton, Brown, Clyde and'Loguidice, 1067 4. CPWS-69, Cayuga County Comprehensive Water Supply Study .Report, Barton, Brown, Clyde and Loguidice, 1970 5. CPWS-48, Wayne County Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study, Greeley and Hanson, 1970 6. CPWS-75, Monroe County Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study, O'Brien and Geere, 1973 7. -CPWS-40, Orleans County Comprehensive Water Supply Study, Teetor - Dobbins, 1970 -8. Lake Ontario Surface Waters, Recommended Classifications, NYS Dept. of Health, 1958 9. Great Lakes Region Inventory Report, National Shoreline Study, Corps of Engineers, 1971 10. St. Lawrence-Easte'rn Ontario Shoreline Study, Technical Reports, St. Lawrence Eastern Ontario Commission, 1972 11. Inventory Community Water Systems with Sources, New York State, NYS Dept. of Health, 1974 12. CPWS-21, Onondaga County Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study, O'Brien and Gere, 1968 11-67 40 SECTION III HUDSON RIVER SUBAREA 40 0 GENERAL, The Hudson River Subarea is the ten counties adjacent to the tidal waters of the Hudson Rive r upstream from New York City. The tidal water OIL the Hudson River extend approximately 130 miles upstream from New York City to the 'I-'ederal Dam located between the Village of Green Island, Albany .County and LAe City of Troy, Rensselaer County. The ten counties are: Albany, Rensselaer, Greene, Columbia, Ulster, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland and Westchester. The economy of the area is based primarily on the State Capitol at the upstream end, light industries as well as tourism in the middle and New York City suburbia at the downstream end. Geologically the area was greatly effected by the glacial activity C> 0 from the Ice Age which left pockets of surficial deposits of s and and gravel. Some of these deposits provide sources of groundwater in sufficient quantity and quality for a municipal water supply system. The area contains 321 municipal water districts of which 97 may be effected by coastal zone management measures. For the most part, water sources are located far enough from the shoreline to warreat little if any C> consideration. However, there are 11 known industrial intakes, 2 infiltration galleries, 2 existing municipal intakes, 2 potential municipal intakes and 8 groundwater aquifers within the potential coastal zone area that warrent further study. An analysis of the water supply d istricts for each of the ten counties follows. Albany County' Albany County contains the western half of the Federal Dam, which is the upstream terminus of the tidal waters of the Hudsoh7 River. Employment comes from various industries and the activities related to a state capital. The chief industries are printing and publishing, textiles, machinery and metal products, plus stone products. About three quarters of the county drains towards the Hudson River. The Normanskill and the Snake Hill Formations are located along the Hudson River. These shale formations yield very little groundwater and are not commonly considered aquifers. The major streams are Normanskill, Vloman Kill, Coeymans Creek and Hannacrois Creek. Municipal Water Systems Albany County has fifteen water districts. Of these, six are supplied totally or partially by groundwater. Eleven Districts use surface water as a source. Three Districts purchase part or all of their water. The seven Districts located within the coastal plain area are shown on Table-III-I and are described below. 1. City of Cohoes The City of Cohoes is technically upstream from the coastal zone area, but it does sell water to the Village of Green Island, which is in the coastal zone area. Water is taken from the Mohawk River through the power canal of the Niagara-Mohawk Power Corporation. The treatment facilities are adequate to meet the City's projected demands to 2020. However, changes in the pumping and transmission facilities are needed to meet projected future demands to 2020 for both the City and the Village. 111-2 2. Village of_Green Island An infiltration gallery on Center Island in the Hudson River was the original source of water for the village. During the severely cold winter of 1962-63, the gallery yielded only 0.75 mgd, which was half of its rated capacity. In 1963, the village entered into a 40-year contract with the City of Cohoes to provide them with water through a 16-inch main. Both sources are currently being used. In CPWS-43, a recommendation to phase out the gallery was made. Alternatives for purchase of water from the City of Cohoes or the City of Watervliet as well as the interconnection of all three communities were considered viable. 3. City of Watervliet In 1916, the City developed a public water supply on Norman's Kill appraximately 13 miles west of the City in the Town of Guilderland known as Watervliet Reservoir. The reservoir has excess capacity to meet pro- jected needs to 2020. However, improvements in the transmission mains and an expansion of the water treatment plant will be rqquired. In addition to the interconnections with Cohoes and Green Island described above, expansion of the system for the Town of Guilderland was considered. 4. village of Menands In 1955 the village entered into a 40-year contract with the City of Troy for the purchase of a minimum of 1.5 mgd to a maximum of 4.5 mgd. Water is pumped under the Hudson River through a 20-inch main. No problems are expected to meet projected future needs to 2020. 5. City of_Albany The City in 1932 abandoned the Hudson River as a source of supply and constructed the Alcove and Basic Reservoirs on Hannacrois and Basic Creeks respectively. The reservoirs are located approximately 13 to 15 miles southwesterly from Albany. A decision by the former Water Resources 111-3 Commission requires that the City must release water to supply the needs of the Village of Ravena located downstream from the Alcove Reservoir. The existing sources would be adequate-to meet project-e@d demands for the I City, but cannot satisfy projecte."@ demands for Revena too. The C,.-,:y will need r-o make alterations to its system by 2020 either to satisfy projected increases in demands for Ravena or to meet the City's peak demands with the treatment plant. CPWS-43 recommends a new source of supply from either Catskill Creek about 7 miles south of the county line in the Town of Cairo, or Normans Kill below the Watervliet Reservoir. 6. Town of Bethlehem Bethlehem Water District No. 1 supplies water to approximately 81 percent of the population of the Town of Bethlehem. The present sources of supply are two dug wells a reservoir on Vly Creek and a diversion dam on the West Fork of Onesquethaw Creek; all are located in the Town of New Sctoland. In C94TS-43, the demands of the Town of New Scotland were com- bined with the Town of Bethlehem since no other sources were available within ,the Town. As a result, the system will not meet projected demands by 1988. The three alternative sources for a combined system are a diversion dam on Normans Kill, a reservoir on Vloman Kill or a reservoir on Onesquethaw Creek. 7. village of Ravena The village draws water from Hannacrois Creek at Deans Mills, in the Town of Coeymans, Greene County. Through a decision by the Water Resources, the City of Albany must release sufficient water from its Alcove-Basic Reservoir System to meet the villages demands. 111-4 Self-Supplied,Industrial Water System The reconnaissance study recorded f if teen major industrial water users for Albany County in 1965. Of these, fourteen were sup'plied partially water from public water supply systems. Five systems take water from the Hudson River through their own systems. The major industrial water users are listed in Table 111-2. Boundary Line Determination From a water supply standpoint, the location of a boundary line for coastal zone management appears unimportant. All municipalities obtain all or part of their water outside the zone. An educated guess concerning the self supplied industrial use would be that water quality is not a concern in their water use. Areas of Protection- Groundwater use is miles away from the Hudson River and does not affect a coastal zone management plan. The type of industries presently using the Hudson River do not appear to require special protection for their intakes (an interview with these industries is needed). Only the infiltration gallery on Center Island for the Village of Green Island appears as a possibility. If this is phased out of use as recommended by the consultant, no protection would be required. 111-5 TABLE.III-l Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Albany County Existing Sources & Capacity System Capacity Projected Demand (MGD) Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources (MCD) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Cohoes (C) Mohawk R. 15.0 5.6 5.7 9.0 1. None w/o Green Island (V) 2. Change,mains Green Island (V) Hudson R. 0.75 1.1 1.5 4.0 Purchase from Cohoes and/or Cohoes (C) (16" main) Watervliet Watervliet (C) Watervliet 9.4 3.9 4.6 5.0 None w/ main changes Reservoir 01 Menands (V) Troy (C) (20" main) 1.8 2.5 3.5 None Albany (C) Alcove Res. 32.0 22.0 26.6 32.8 1. None with changes in Basic Res. (filter) plant and mains Silver Cr. Res. 2. Catskill Cr. 3. Normans Kill Bethlehem (T) Vly Cr. Res. 3.1 1.4 2.6 7.5 1. Normans Kill 2 wells 0.4 2. Vloman Kill 3. Onesquethaw Creek Ravena (V) Hannacrois 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 None w/ releases from Cr. Res. (filter) Alcove-Basic Res. TABLE 111-2 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems Coastal Zone Area Albany Count): Existi g Sources & Capacit System Capacity Projected Demand (MGD)** Alternative to Meet Water System Sources (MGD)* 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Allegheny Ludlum Hudson R. Steel Corp. & Reservoir 4.30 6 9 15 Ford Motor Corp. Hudson R. 0.79 1 2 3 John A. Manning Hudson R. 7.15 9 15 24 Paper Co. Atlantic Cement Co. Hudson R. 1.20 2 3 4 Niagara-Mohawk Hudson R. 520.00 660 1100 1750 Steam Gen. Plant ALBANY COUNTY 533.44 679 1132 1794 TOTAL** 1965 withdrawal County Total Estimated in TAMS Recon. Report Proportioned to Nearest MGD SARATOGA COUNTY ION CITY OF '&OES COLONIE LATHAM W. D. VILL 'aGE OF Vf. D. GREEN IS1 CITY OF VILLAGE OF COLONIE WAT@RVLIET j: 0 0 F 6NT MENANDSI_,,@_ MC KNOWNV LLE WESTMERE W. D. 'GUILDERLAND W.O. __RL.AND BJRCMMON7 WD. THREE .LLS (--,:: AC NY-*-' 1ILLAGE OF'. TERRACE W 0. .. . . . . )ORHFPSVII LE 'j. NE COTLAND EVV LS RENSSELAER SALtm BETHLEHEM IN 0. NO- I UNIONVILLE COUNTY W SCOTLAND CLARKSviLLE LEGEND LESS THAN I PERSON /ACRE I E @A BUSH f 1-3.9 PERSONS,'ACRE BETHLEHEM 4-9.9 PERSONS /ACRE GREATER THAN 10 PERSONS /ACRE SCALE IN MiLES COEYMANS 0 1 2 3. 4 E COE YMANS COEYMANS HOLLOW VILLAGE OF RAVENA j COLUMBIA COUNTY Albany County (partial IRNTY Water Supply SyStem ... CZM Water Supply Study Figure III-1 I11_8 Rensselaer CoUnty Rensselaer County contains the eastern half of the Federal Dam, which is the upstream terminus of the tidal waters of the Hud-son River. The economy of the western and central sections of the county is closely linked to the Capital District. About one-third of the labor force in that area is employed in Albany County. Employment elsewhere comes from firms engaged in manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade and service industries. The northern and eastern portions of the county lie within the Hoosic River watershed, which drains into the Hudson River upstream of Troy. The-remainder of the county is drained in a westerly direction towards the Hudson River by the Poestenkill, Wynantskill, Moordenerkill, Kinderho.ok Creek and numerous smaller streams. No major aquifers lie within the area generally considered the coastal zone. The geology adjacent to the Hudson River contains shale from the Normanskill shale and the Snake Hill Formation. Municipal Water Systems Rensselaer County is unique in that a large portion of the county is supplied from one source, Tomhannock Reservoir. Twenty water districts including the Village of Menands in Albany County takes water from sources in Rensselaer County. Twelve districts use groundwater entirely. One district uses both surface and groundwater. Schaghticoke Water District No. 2 purchases its water from the Village of Mechanicville in Albany County. The two water systems for the coastal zone area are listed in Table 111-3 and described briefly below. City of Troy The Tom-hannock Reservoir was built by the City of Troy, who sells water to most of the coastal zone area in Rensselaer County. Through six sepa-rate 111-9 contracts, the City sells water to water distrcits in the Towns of Brunswick, East Greenbush, North Greenbush, and Schaighti-coke as well as the villages of Rensselaer and Menands (Albany County). In CPWS-76-,-new treatment and transmission facilities are recommended to meet projected demands for 2000. The safe yield of the reservoir was revalued after the mid 1960's drought from 45.8 MGD to 35.5 MGD. Projected demands for 2020 for the entire system are slightly more than the latter estimate. An alternative source of supply to the southern portion of the service area (around the village of Rensselaer) is a reservoir on Tsatsawassa Creek. Village of Castleton The Village of Castleton takes water from Vlockie Kill and sells a portion of it to the Maple Hill Park Public Water System. The safe yield of the source is about 0.5 MGD. CP-YJS-76 foresaw a possible water quality problem with the development of the watershed upstream from the diversion dam. With this development toward the east, expansion was toward a aquifer near the middle of the county, which was recommended for development as a replacement. .Self Supplied Industrial Water Systems TAMS Reconnaissance Study listed eleven major industrial water users within the county. Six industries purchase water from public water-supply systems. Two of the five industries listed as self supplied take water from the Hudson River. CPWS-76 lists Winthrop Laboratories as having a self supplied system (not listed in TAMS). Table 111-4 lists the self supplied industries. ,Boundary Line Determination From a water supply standpoint, the determination of the boundary line appear5unimportant. The high yielding aquifers are located miles III-10 from the Hudsdn River. No municipal water supply systems take water from the Hudson River. Two or three industrial systems might be using the Hudson River. Areas of Protection A similar discussion as in the above paragraph leoLds to nothing. TABLE 111-3 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Rensselaer County Existing Sources & Capacity System Capacity Projected Demand (MGD) Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources MGD 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Troy (C)* Tomhannock 35.5 23.5 29.5 37.2 Tsatsawassa Creek Reservoir (source) Castleton (V)** Vlockie 0.5 0.4 1.5 2.6 wells Kill Sells water to water districts in seven communities Sells water to Maple Hill Park P.W.S. TABLE TTT-4 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems Coastal Zone Area Rensselaer County Existing Sources & Ca2acity System Capacity Projected Demand (MGD)** Alternatives. to Meet 'Water System Sources (MCD)* 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs General Aniline Hudson R. 4.30 5.6 11.0 30.7 & Film Corp. Republic Steel Hudson R. 5,70 7.4 14.6 40.7 Corp. RENSSELAER COUNTY TOTAL** 9.60 12.5 24.6 68.6 Winthrop Laboratories 1965 withdrawal County Total in TAMS Recon. Report Proportioned to Nearest 0.1 MGD Firm is shown on map, but was not listed in table.(TAMS error?) proportioned by County total WASHINGTON COJ.NTY VALLEY FALLS r,"-' fiemstreet Park W.D. No. 2 //S@@ .HTICOKE HOOSICK z FALLS Tomhannock 0 Reservoir z SARATO@,A J. COUNTY t Q milky 11 ELY T.D. so. Babcock I Lake MOHAWK RI'VER A ALBA.%iY > Brunswick 1 8 .1, VERIICN* COU.-iTy Forest Petersburg N.Y. m;_e 'o. Like 2 1 Berlin T. D. No. .2 RENSSELAER pampton Manor Berlin T.D. No. 1\ East Greenbush Sater Co. -7- lu Englewood Ltj CASTLETON HUD--,ON Sattisti NASSAU Van Hoeson II orcbard Park- Ugp4A COU"'" Rensseiae 'r COunty Tc Re Water Supply System CZM Water Supply Study Figure 111-2 111-14 Greene County' Greene County is located along the westerly shore of the Hudson River immediately downstream (south) of Albany County.--Employment in the county comes from manufacturing and activities associated with seasonal recreation in the summer. The major manufacturers are apparel as well as stone, clay and glass products. The western half of the county drains northwesterly through the Schoharie Creek watershed. The eastern half drains easterly towards the Hudson River.through the watersheds of Catskill Creek, Coxsackie Creek, C> Murderers Creek and other small tributaries. The Normanskill and Deepkill shales formation underlies the eastern boundary of the county in a belt from one to three miles thick. Municipal Water Su2ply Systems Of the eleven municipal water supply systems in the county, four are located in the coastal zone. Three of these use surface supplies from outside the coastal zone as a source. One system uses groundwater. The four systems are listed in TableIT-5 and described below. CWS-25 analyzed seven alternative systems recommending the Hudson River as a source. Unlike other studies, only regionalized systems were considered. Village of Athens The village uses HOllister Lake as a source of supply. Since t1le lake is only 3.1 feet deep, water quality problems occur especially in the summer. The estimated safe yield of the source is 0.35 MGD. The transmission system from the lake to the village is inadequate. 111-15 Village of Catskill The village takes water from its reservoir on Potic Creek, which is capable of yielding 1.22 MCD. Although the reservoir site could hydro- C, logically yield more water, the reservoir cannot.be enlarged economically. The treatment and transmission facilities need modifications. Ha-nlet of Ce-nenton Technically, a public water supply system exists in the hamlet since a well from the ce-nent plant supplies the plant a school and a few houses. Village of Coxsackie The Village takes its-water from Murderers Kill. At the time of the study (1967), Medway Reservoir was being constructed as an expansion of the source. The estimated yield of the source is 1.22 MGD. Future plans for the village calls for the construction of Beaver Dam Lake in the adjoin watershed. Regionalized System (Alternative Sources) CPWS-25 studied the possibilities of intermunicipal systems only. The "Master Plan" proposed two general systems of which the valley system affects the coastal zone area. The seven alternative systems considered three intake sites along the Hudson River and four reservoir sites. The reservoir sites were (1) Catskill Creek near Oak Hill, (2) Catskill Creek near Woodstock, (3) Potic Creek near its confluen@e with Catskill Creek, and (4) Ten Mile Creek near its confluence with Catskill Creek. The recommended plan called for an intake on the Hudson River between Athens and Catskill. 111-16 Self Supplied -Industrial Water Systems Except for the cement plant in Cementon, no self supplied water supply systems are known. Boundarv Line Determination No major aquifers underlie the coastal zone area. Existing major water supplies transport water from outside the coastal zone. From a water supply viewpoint, boundary line is unimportant. Areas of Protection The cement plant at Cementon uses well water from a low yielding aquifer area. In addition, CFWS-25 recommends taking water from the Hudson River. A zone of protection around both areas might be needed. 111-17 TABLE 111-5 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Greene County ExistinE Sources & Capacity System Capacity Projected Demand (MGD) Alternatives to Meet .Water System Sources ____(MCD) 1967 2017 Future Needs* 'Catskill (V) Potic Creek 1.22 0.70 1.50 County agency w/ Athens (V) Hollister Lake 0.35 0.30 0.80 1. Hudson River & wells 2. Catskill Creek 3. Potic Creek Cementon (H) Wells** 4. Ten Mile Creek 00 Coxsackie (V) Murderers Kill 1.01 0.40 0.75 CPWS-25 considered regional agency only Cement plant.plus a few homes on system X-P- A NY C2T"-T-Y@ ,)A 7 AR L! W* RYS. cclus NEW BALTIMORE ,IELLS GREENVILLE -5;-- E EASI G@AJPEY!LLE SAA FO P@1' -A D- SiPPRISE' 7 M,,Eri I tST OUPMAU E s TER ROBERTS WiL. GRE NVILLE PLACE FPEEHOLO @j Cr-%E-S % Z A. RESLA.7 CUMAX kl@-. EARLTDN' x VILLAGE OF DLIRHA,W COXSACKIE A -PXSACKI- Z Y AC RA LLJ all > CA! Y Llfd tf E T CAIRO AE-SrT" ATHENS POQ@o VILLAGE OF ATHENS CATSKILL C-) RE NCEYL-E T L- 1. CAIRO HAMLE I X L V;LLAGE f 2. CATSK 1043 FALLS 3.-ATH:---NS VJLLA'-':E' 4. CEM.ENTCN H`.MLET VILLAGE OF 5. C,'0X'S.ACK1E ViLLAGE KY CATS K ILL. 66 PRATTSVILLE HAMLET 7. VI 1,1,1 :) L H A PALEWr-LE AY'LET H "' LET 8. HEENSONVILL @'A 9. PUN[TER VLL" IQ TANNERSVILLE VILLAGE GREENVILLE HA,%ILET Hic; CP FALLS cif 4 .,fE L LS Greene.County (partial) Water Supply System CZM Water Supply Study Y Figure 111-3 111-19 Columbia County Columbia County is located on the easterly bank of the Hudson River immediately downstream (south) from Rensselaer County.--The dominant industries include dairy and fruit products, textiles, cement, paper and local service-oriented concerns. Almost all of the county including the area within the coastal zone drains westerly into the Hudson River, The major tributaries are Kinder- hook Creek, Roeloff Jansen Kill and Claverack Creek. The potential coastal zone area is underlain by bedrock from the Normanskill Shale and Nassau Formations, which are not generaliy considered as high yielding aquifers. Surfacial glacial deposits overlie the bedrock formations resulting in high yielding aquifers near the stream channels. Municipal Water Systems The county has twelve public water supply districts. Four of these are located within the coastal zone area. The Village of Philmont (outside the coastal zone area) and the City of Hudson (within the coastal zone area) use surface water for their sources. The remaining water districts use groundwater. The water districts within the coastal zone are listed on TableI[@-6 _. and described below. City of Hudson In 1904, the City abandoned the Hudson River as a source and developed an upland supply system. The present sources are diversion dams on-Taghk-dnic Creek and Churchtown Creek. The City also has a supplemental source, an abandoned limestone quarry, and two emergency sources, which are an infil- tration gallery on Mill Creek within the City limits and an intake on' C> Claverack Creek. The system is inadequate to meet projected demands. CPWS-32 recommended two alternatives. One alternative uses-,the Hudson 111-20 River as its gource providing that the water quality was Improved sufficiently to assure no recurrence of the ep edemic conditions around 1900. The other alternative expands the Churchtown Reservoir and rehab-i'litates a major transmission main and pump station as its first phase. A reservoir located at the, headwaters of Churchtown Creek with pumping facilities from Taghkanic Creek is the second phase. Town of Green22rt In 1925 the Town formed Water District No. I and purchased the water supply facilities of the Hudson Aqueduct Company including Fountain Head Spring. Since then the District has developed three wells. The total yield of the system is estimated as 1.5 MGD. The potential development of a community college near the District indicates that additional ground- water development may be needed. Town of Stockport The Town has 'two water districts. In 1953, Water District No. 1 was formed to purchase a small private water system, which had a well as its source of supply near Claverack Creek in the Hamlet of Scottville. During the drought o-' the mid 19060's many individual wells went dry resulting in the formulation of Water District No. 2 and the construction of a caisson-type well near Kinderhook Creek. C7v4S-32 recommends that the two districts combine their-facilities. Future expansion would use new wells alogg Claverack Creek and/or Kinderhook Creek irregardless of the combined-water district proposal. Self Supplied Industrial Systems The TAMS Study listed seven major industrial self supplied industrial water users. Of these two are located in the potential coas tal zone area and are listed in Tabli-a-III-7 The projected demands for the entire group was proportioned for each industry. 111-21 Boundar@: LineDetermination Nearly all of the water supply sources are located more than a mile from the Hudson River. The groundwater aquifers servi-clno, the coastal zone area are located from 2 to 5 miles from the Hudson River. The infiltration gallery for the City of Hudsoi is located less than 3000 feet from the Hudson River. Since this is an emergency source which is recommended for abandonment, protection of this source is questionable. Areas of Protection Potential areas of protection are near the industrial intakes as well as the area surrounding the infiltration gallery for the City of C@ Hudson. CM-32 identified a potential groundwater sourceadjacent to. the Hudson River in the Town of Stuyvesant. Although there is no projected needs for this area, perhaps protection is needed. 111-22 TABLE 111-6 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Columbia County Existin& Sources & Capacity_ System Capacity Projected Demand (m@d@ Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources (ml@d) 1970 1990 2 020 Future Needs Hudson (C) Taghkanic Creek 1.67 1.54 1.92 2.56 Hudson River (?) Churchtown Creek Churchtown Creek Claverack Creek Taghkanic Creek Groundwater (2) Greenport'.(T) Spring wells 1.50 0.41 0.73 1.29 Wells W. D. #1 1-4 Stockport (T) @-4 W. D. #1 Well 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.10 Wells W. D. #2 Well 0.588 - 0.26 0.66 TABLE 111-1 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems Coastal Zone Area Columbia County Existing Sources & Capacity System Capacity Proiected Demand @MGD)* Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources (MGD)* 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Lone Star Cement Hudson R. 0.28 0.4 0.7 1.7 Cleverack Cr. Universal Atlas Hudson R. 0.45 0.6 1.1 2.7 Cement COLUMBIA COUNrY TOTAL** 2.70 3.4 6.6 16.4 X-1 1965 withdrawal County Total Estimated in TAMS Recon. Report Proportioned to Nearest 0.1 MGD %A; 't A Olt/ NEW LEBANON .7 iVALATIE CHATHAM STUYYESANT %@-@ @Kll NOE RP,00 KV CHATH V CANAAN r KIO.rERHOOK "c c S T GC F @.;v GHENT c@ AUSTERLITZ dt r ijo S O'N c C LA 'i A C PHIL"O*T iC HILLSOALE GFEcN FUT -T COPAXI GEFUX- LIYIX'U'STON qE T CV k d 50 AGH,@AAIC G IN, C Lc R q 0 X T GALLATIN ANCRAM Columbia County Watet Supply System CZM Water Supply Study Figure 111-4 111-25 ulster County' The county is located on the westerly bank of the Hudson River about halfway between New York City and Albany. The major effi-ployers are manu- factures of electronic equipment, apparr el and textiles. The western portion of the county drains southwesterly into the Delaware River. The eastern portion drains easterly into the Hudson River via Esopus Creek, Rondout Creek and several minor tributaries. The bedrock beneath the coastal zone area consists of slate and metamorphic shale overlain with deposits of glaciated drift. Municipal Water Systems The county has 26 public water supply systems, nine of which provide water to the coastal zone. Two systems use the Hudson River. Ground water is used by 18 systems within the county or 4 systems within the coastal zone. Surface water sources are used by 8 systems within the county or 3 within the coastal zone. Within the county 2 systems purchase water from other systems. Of these, only Glasco Water District is located within the coastal zone. The water systems within the potential coastal zone are listed in Tableia-8 and are described briefly below. Saugerties Water District The Village of Saugerties takes its water from Blue Mountain Reservoir on Prattekill Creek. The village in turn sells part of its water to the Glasco Water District. The est imated yield of the system is 1.8 MGD,. CPWS-15 recommends that this system be combined into a larger system taking water from the Catskill Aqueduct near Stone Ridge. Alternative regional systems considered the Hudson River or the'Prattekill Creek as a source. 111-26 Glasco Water Elistrict The District receives its water fr om the Sauc-erties water district described above. Its estimated withdrawal capacity is-b.50 MGD. CPWS-15 recommends that this system be part of the system using the Catskill Aqueduct. Alternative regioaal systems considered the Hudson River or Prattekill Creek as a source. Kingsvale Water Company This company isn't described in detail except that it uses well capable of producing an estimated 0.18 MGD, which appears adequate to meet projected needs. Town of Ulster Water District This District obtains its water from a well near Esopus Creek. The yield of the well is estimated at 0.43 MGD. CFWS-15 recommends that this District be part of the system using the Catskill Aqueduct. Alternative regional system considered the Hudson River and Prattekill Creek as a source. City of Kingston The City diverts water from Mink Hollow Creek into the Cooper Lake storage area. The source has an estimated safe yield of 6.1 MGD. The projected demands for 2003 for the City are within the safe yield of the system. However, the projected demands for the smaller systems surrounding the city exceed the capacity of the combined systems even if they we-re interconnected. CPWS-15 recommends that the city join the 6ombined system using the Catskill Aqueduct. Alternative regional systems considering the Hudson River and PraLtekill Creek as a source. 111-27. Port Ewen Wate7r District The District diverts water from the Hudson River through a treatment plant having a capacity of 0.5 MGD. The system is sup"Plemented by a well located near Plantasie Creek. The system is inadequate to meet projected demands. CPWS-15 recommends that this system be part of the system using the Catskill Aqueduct. Alternative regional systems considered the Hudson River and Prattekill Creek as a source. Highland water District The District takes water from the Hudson River through a treatment plant with a capacity of 1.0 MGD. The system is inadequate to meet pro- jected demands for 2000. CPWS-15 recommends that the District expand its plant to meet projected demands. Other alternatives were to expand the plant to meet demands for two districts to the south or to join these districts in usinc, the Delaware Aqueduct.. Milton INTat*er District The District is supplied by wells capable of yielding 0.15 MGD- The system is inadequate to meet projected demands. CPWS-15 recommended that the District be part of a combined system using the Delaware Aqueduct. An alternative considered joining an enlarged system using the Hudson River at the Highland Plant. Marlboro Water District The District takes water from a reservoir west of the village a-Ad a well field along the Hudson River. The system is inadequate to meet pro- jected demands. CPWS-15 recommends.that the Distribt be part of system using the Delaware Aqueduct. An alternative considered joining an enlarged system using the Hudson River at the Highland Plant. 111-28 elf Supplied'Industrial Water Svstems The TA',11S study reported seven industrial water users. Three of these are self supplied by well, but do-iot appear to be within thecoastal zone area. Boundary Line Determination No major aquifers are located near the coastal zone area. The Marlboro and Port Ewen Water Districts as well as the Kings-va-le Water Company take minor amounts of water from the ground. The exact lozation of these are not sho@4n in *CPWS-15, but they could be a determining factor. C2 Areas of Protection In addition to the three areas above, two existing intakes could need protection. One of the alternative considerations to the recommended plan was a intake along the Hudson at a different location. Preservation of this area could be considered. 111-29 TABLE 111-8 Existing Public Water Supply Sytems Coastal Zone Area Ulster County Existing Sources & Ca2acity System Capacity Projected Demand (MGD) Alternatives To Meet Water System Sources (MCD@ 1970 1985 2000 Future Needs Saugerties W.D. Prattekill Cr. 1.80 0.50 1. Catskill Aqueduct 2.64 3.44 2. Hudson River Glasco Water Co. Saugerties 0.50 0.30 3. Prattekill Creek Kingsvale Water Co. Wells 0.18 0.30 NONE 1.76 2.96 Town of Ulste r W.D. Wells 0.43 0.25 a Kingston (C) Mink Hollow Cr. 6.10 4.00 4.80 4.88 Port Ewen W.D. Hudson River 0.50 0.30 1.20 1.60 a well Highland W.,D. Hudson River 1.00 0.75 1.20 1.60 1. Hudson River 2.- Delaware Aqueduct Milton W.D-. Wells 0.15 0.05 1. Delaware Aqueduct 0.77 1.00 Marlboro W.D. Reservoir 0.35 0.20 2. Hudson River Wells a Part of regionalized system with Saugerties GREENE COUNTY -ILL 0 _7T %0 NOAKEN' 4,@, Laof,ft. 1, 4 4 -'1 wooq TT.M 'e"ll - HARDCNSURGH SAO co .Al f AINGS @OENNI@G S.4 eeol Lill @14LIHLEY 46 & "NOLIVE 0 RE) tp\wg,/ t-A N ALE R06@CS7ER@\ Wi w@ f WAWARSING TZ lk4 0, ..ttm C. MLA.9 MILE$ GA@ INER j ci cl PLATTE@IL '7J :E IU: crQ ft rt 0 (D :2@m j H )GUN ti Pi lb (D rr Enm cl .0 0 &41 p 0.1 P F-1 '0 cf) " r_ rt Coll rt r_m ORANGE C0 U N T Y CL Dutchess County Dutchess.County is located about halfway between Albany and New York City.alona the easterly bank of the Hudson River. Its-primary economic activity is associated with the machinery industries as well as the printing and publishing industries. The eastern quarter of the county is drained by Tenrnile River into Connecticut. The remainder-drains into the Hudson River via WaDpinger Creek, Fishkill Creek and several smaller tributaries. Most of the potential coastal zone area is underlain by the Hudson River Formation, which is not generally classified as an aquifer. There are two strips of Stockbridge Limestone south of Poughkeepsie, which have a highe r yield. Surficial deposits along the stream valley beds could also be considered as aquifers. Municipal Water Systems Dutchess County is the only county that doesn't have a comprehensive water supply study since they had just completed such a study when the state program began. A copy of this report wasn't available for Phase I of the CZM study. In a study for Southeastern New York, eighty-two -dater districts or companies were listed for Dutchess County. Of these, thirty-eight could be located within the potential coastal zone. These are listed on Table jJI-9.Only the City of Poughkeepsie and the Village of Rhinebeck use the C. Hudson River as a source. A more detailed description of the systeras is impossible at this time. Self Supplied Industrial Systems The T&NIS study reported five industries that have their own systems. One of these uses the Hudson River as a source. Table D-2 lists the industry with its projected demands. 111-32 Boundary Line Determination Not enough is known to make a determination at this time. Areas of Protection The areas near the two municipal and the one industrial intakes may need protection. 111-33 TABLE Existing Public Water Supply Systems coastal Zone Area Dutchess County Existing Sources & Ca2acity System Capacity Projected Demand (mgd) Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources (m.-d) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs City of Beacon reservoirs 1.4 well Beacon Hills Beacon City Water District Brinckerhoff Water Co. well 0.76 Dutchess Park Brinckerhoff Water Supply Water Co. District Fishkill (village) wells Glenham Water Fishkill District (Village) Hudsoa View Uater Works wells 0.1 6 Hyde Park Water creek 1.15 and Fire Dist. wells city of Hudson Poughkeepsie River 12.0 Poughkeepsie Poughkeepsie Water Dist. City Dutchess County (Cont'd) Existing Sources & Ca2acity System Capacity Projected Demand m d Alternatives to Meet- Water S):stem Sources (mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Red Hook (village) wells 0.25 Tivoli (village) wells 0.11 Rhinebeck (village) Hudson River 1.0 Rhinecliff Water Rhinebeck District (village) Fishkill Park Apartments wells 0.02 Pleasant Manor Apartments well Cove View Apartments well Dutchess Estates Water Co. wells 6.08 Greenfield Water Co. well 0.22 Harbourd Hills Water Co. well 0.15 H4viland Apartments wells 0.02 Ki-Fi Apartments wells 0.012 Partridge Hill Apartments wells 0 .02 Dutchess County (Cont'd) Existing Sources & Capacit)r System Capacity Projected Demand (mgd) Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources. (mgd) 1970 1990 2020. Future Needs- Quaker Hill Estates Royal Crest Apartments wells 0.02 South Cro3s Road Water Co. wells 0.32 staatsburg Water wells Company reservoir 0.06 Valkill Park East wells Canterbury Gardens Apartments wells 0.12 Country Club Terrace Apartments wells 0.07 Hudson River State H03pital Sunny Slopes Water Company well 0.03 Annandale Water Works, Inc. wells 01.08 College Park Water Company wells Rokeby Gardens well 0.07 Dutchess County (Cont'd) Existing Sources & CapacitZ System Capacity --- Projected Demand_(mgd) Alternatives to Meet Water S):stem Sources (mgd) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Windmere Highland Water Company well 0.18 Harlem Valley State Hospital Merritt Industrial Park TABLE rII-10 Self-Supplied industrial water Systems Coastal Zone Area Dutchess County Existing Sources & Capacity System Capacity Projected Demand (MGD@ Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources (MGD2* 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs IBM - Poughkeepsie Hudson R. 24.00 31.7 80.0 267.0 DUCHESS COUNrY TOTAL** 25.71 85.7 286.0 00 1965 withdrawal County Total Estimated in TAMS Recon. Report Proportioned to Nearest 0.1 MCD 7 '.wA%SAZ1USETrS t A 6 r-Q 1!1 -1 O,E L I@FFj \JANSE H U D S 0 N 7 e- 9 '-I]T E N M, "E It 'N !A P I P G E A 12 71, 21 10 A r rj A15 F I' S H K I I:.,_C 16 J 41,, G R T 0 N./, 0)", 12C- EXP! ANATIONI 0 woiter-tevei ctsevcriom well PreiD;tction station stvion (cvilimious record) Strecrrgogin; Station (partial record) 16 Numter zss;gned to stofl3r, in tatle 1. Drcinage Dutchess County 00" Drainage Bas ins CZM Water Supply Study r Figure 111-6 111-39 CLERMONT LIVING- STON V) 0 CC U.1 r ,Z5 _ / GALLA V) rq _4ftDK30N COPS RED' C C* E Q N;, z WT 9: 0 LLJ _j D - ----- M L. A N L Ivu E ZBET-K ENTE S L-T, R f@ E E- EC K 1mt@ S__ Sc_JLTZ.,T c< v,, t N'. 0, LE>"T r"T kc-L 5 otI-A D zot 0 HYDE @K 'T Dutcz-,@@Iss County (north) CZM Vater Supply study P_ Figure III- 1, N E E,4'E C @,N f4f@- r W-)S T 'a STAA rSeU%r@ T ON C. 0- 0 154 J HYDE '-PARK- 11 155 114 YVI.- T 15 All PL EA@ANIT .'0 @@LLEEY CA@I@ Rai w 0 0 A@ E 30, -@A,GRAINGE 'N' LAK FAEE(>@m PtAd T,TL*vt X IE Dutchess County (central) m CAAACLOT CZM Water Supply Study 'N/-%\ f-') P I N Q E R Fig*ure 111-8 A L T VA C'X A@I LAI.E X@c FRECDO.. P@_,k -77- 0 IE 0 m 8 WAPPIWER cr LAKE < COOALT HILLSIDE LAIE c L AKE L- PLAIN$ F"'NGERS LLS 'ONIAD LAKE -4, - 16 102 1 -1 \ t I Li z i 1-4 cr- @T FISHKILL SE -1E AC. KILL - Fig 17 N A PHILIPSTOWN hess County (south) ..Dutc CZM Water Supply Study Tigure 111-9 J11-42 Orange County orange County is located along the west bank of the Hudson River with its center about 50 miles from New York City. Employment at present comes mainly from agricultural persuits. However, projected future growth is expected from business activities associated with urbanization. The county drains into three major wa.tersheds. The western portion drains into the Delaware River. The southern part drains into the Ramapo River, a Passaic River tributary. The remainder of the county drains into the Hudson River via the watersheds of Wallkill Creek, Moonda Creek or other minor tributaries. No major aquifers are located in the potential coastal zone area. The bedrock formation of carbonate rocks, shale and crystalline rocks produce low yielding wells. Only one higher yielding aquifer from the surfacial glaciated deposits occurs near Moodna Creek. The estimated yield is in excess of 1 MGD, but the presence of manganese causes a water quality problem. Municipal Water Systems Six of the twenty-seven municipal water supply systems in Orange County are within the possible coastal zone area. Groundwater is used as a source for all or part of their supply for 15 municipal systems or two systems within the coastal zone. Surface sources provide part or all the water supply for 17 systems of which five are within the'coastal zone. The Village of Cornwall .(within the coastal zone) also uses the Catskill Aqueduct for an emergency source of supply. Table]Tr.-U lists the municipal water supply systems within the potential coastal zone area which are described briefly below. Newbur h Consolidated Water District In 1966, the District was formed integrating numerous community and private systems and developing Chadwi@c Lake as a source. The estimated safe yield of 111-43 the source is 4.9 MGD. CPwS-4 considered three alternatives which included using the Delaware Aq-jeduct, raising the Chadwick Lake dam and using flood skimming techniques from neighboring Gidneytown Creek. City of Newburgh The City's sources of water supply are from the drainage basins of Patton Brook, Silver Creek and Washington Lake. In 1854, Lake Washington was developed as a water supply source after groundwater sources became inadequate. As demands increased, Lake Washington was raised; diversions were made into Lake Washington from Patton Brook and Silver Stream; and then Silver Stream Reservoir (Brown's Pond) was constructed upstream from the diversion. Lockwood Basin immediately downstream from Lake Washin-ton catches the overflow from the Lake, and is used as an emergency source. In 1919 and in 1965, water was diverted from the Catskill Aqueduct into Silver Stream. The existing system has an estimated yield of 3.8 MGD. CFATS-4 recommends that a supplemental supply be obtained by making a diversion from Drury Lane Creek to Washington Lake and a permanent connection to the Catskill Aqueduct. Town df New Windsor The Town's water supply is groundwater obtained from three well fields having a combined yield of 1.0 MIGD. A caisson well located near Moodna Creek fluctuates with the tidal flows of the Hudson River, but tests show that the water quality is-nearer to that of Moodna Creek. The Schoonmake well and the Little Falls Pond well field (5 wells) are drilled at different locations and are not subject to the Hudson River. Part of the system is interconnected with@ the City of Newburgh. CPWS-4 considered either purchasing water from the City of Newburgh or becoming part of a larger system using the Catskill Aqueduct as a source. Village of Cornwall CPWS-4 is dated in re-ards to-this system. The village has three general sources, which are the Black Rock Forest System, the Mountainview Well System TTT-/,/. and the Catskill -Aqueduct Supply. The safe yield of the entire system is 3.0 MGD. The Black Rock Forest System consists of Aleck Meadow Reservoir, Authur Pond, Sphagnum Pond, Tamarack Pond, and Upper Reservoir. Conso-l-idated Edison was to flood out the Upper Reservoir for their pumped storage hydroelectric project. The mountainville well system consists of two wells along Moodna Creek. The village is restricted to a maximum withdrawal of I MGD due to the use of the aquifer for irrigation by Glenoden Farms and Star Industries. The Catskill Aqueduct was a now connection in 1967. CPWS-4 considered various alternatives using the Catskill Aqueduct as a source for the village. Village of Highland Falls The village obtains its water from two reservoirs on Highland Falls Creek also known as Buttermilk Falls Brook. Water is released from the two reservoirs, Bog Meadow Pond and Jim's Pond, to an intake downstream. The yield of the system is estimated as 0.5 MG-D. CPWS-4 recommends purchase of water from the West Point System or the development of a reservoir on Glycerine Hollow Brook. West Point The United States Military Reservation at West Point takes water from the Popolopen Brook and Queensboro Brook Watersheds. The yield of the system is estimated as 4 MGD. Although there are several lakes within the watershed, only Stilwell Lake on Popolopen Brook is used as a source for the Academy. Some of the lakes on Queensboro Brook are used by the Palisades Interstate Park. The planned expansion of the Academy (1967) included additional treatment facilities using Stilwell Lake as its source. 111-45 Self Supplied Industrial Systems The TAMS study listed seven self supplied industrial water users. Of these only one appears to be located with the po ss-itle coastal zone and is.summarized in Table -111-12. Boundary Line Determination Nearly all sources are lozated outside the potential coastal zone. The aquifer along Moodna Creek might be considered. The exact location C@ or extent of the wells aren't known by the writer. Other than that the location of the boundary line doesn't appear important. Areas of protection The recharge areas along Moodna Creek appear likely for protection. In addition, the area in the vicinity of the industrial water intake may require protection. Field surveys will determine extent. 111-46 TABLE T-IT-11 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Orange County Existina Sources & Ca2acity- System Capacity Projected Demands (MGD) Alternatives to Meet Wwater System Sotirces (MCD) 1965 1995 202') Future Needs Newburgh Consolidated Chadwick 4.9 0.4 6.4* 10.8* Chadwick Lakes Expansion Water District Lake Catskill Aqueduct Gidneytown Creek Newburgh (C) Patton Brook 3.8 3.6 4.9 6.1 Drury Lane Creek Silver Stream Catskill Aq'ueduct 4- Washington Lake New Windsor Wells 1.0 0.7 6.0* 10.1* Newburgh (C) System Catskill Aqueduct Cornwall (V) Black Rock Forest System 0.73 0.8 3.5 5.8 Catskill Aqiieduct Wells 1.0 Catskill Aqueduct 1.5 Highland Falls (V) Highland Falls Brook 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.4 West P6int System Glycerine Hollow Brook West Point Queensboro Brook Popolopen Brook *Table in CPWS-4 appears to be in error for these figures TABLE 111-12 Self-Supplied Industrial Water Systems Coastal Zone Areas Oran c Count): ExistinS Sources & Ca2acity System Capacity Projected Demand (MCD)** Alternative to Meet Water System Sources (MCD)* 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Central Hudson Gas Hudson R. 260.00 300 525 900 & Electric Corp. ORANGE COUNTY TOTAL** 263.90 309 531 907 00 1965 Withdrawal county Total Estimated in TAMS, Recon. Report Proportioned to Nearest MGD V'r @4 V 0 N T G m E Q Y I LA Kr ;G H zt 01 N X A 0 N c c L" L 0 0 S el r, CARL RES \@ " - @, A.- C, N e c E-e:'Ar N- A.70 W J.1 TE if. IE E RE 0 E 7 , I" I I. LONG NCIL'se CREEK 5, Tr L Orange County (partial) 'C' CZM Water Supply Study Figure III-10 TTT-An Putnam County Putnam County is located about 50 miles north of New York City along the easterly bank of the Hudson River. The major economic activity in the county is oriented towards servicing the resident population and vacation resorts. The county could be considered a bedroom coi-,munity for New York City commuters. The eastern half of the county drains sourtherly via the Croton River Watershed. The western half drains into the Hudson River via Peekskill Hollow Creek, Canopus Creek, Clove Creek, Fishkill Creek and several smaller tributaries. The coastal zone area is underlain with crystaline rock which delivers groundwater through cracks and fissures that are difficult to locate. . C> There is a fairly large surficial deposit of glaciated drift located just south of Cold Spring, which could be considered as an aquifer. However, very little subsurface information is available for that area. Municipal @@ater S-stems Z The county has 78 municipal water supply systems. Of these 4 are within the potential coastal zone area. Groundwater is the source for 54 of the systems within the county, but is not in use within the coastal zone. All 4 systems within the coastal zone totalling 21 through the county use surface water as a source. The 4 systems within the coastal zone are listed in Table D]@B.and described briefly below. Cold @-prin.7 Water De2artment The Cold Spring Water Department supplies water to the villages of Cold Spring and Nelsonville from an intake on Foundry Brook. The overflow from two reservoirs upstream from the intake is sufficient to meet demands during most of the year. Releases are made from the reservoirs in dry per iods to meet the demands. The Department has tapped the Catskill Aqueduct on an emergency basis. CEWS-16 recoamended that groundwater be developed to meet future demands after considering a permanent tap to the Catskill Aqueduct and reservoirs on Foundry Brook and Clove Creek. Highland Public Soci2ty, Inc. The Highland Public Society, Inc. also known as the Garrison Water Supply provides water from a spring developed in 1906. The spring provides an average of 0.002 MGD to the unincorporated area called Garrison. CRqS-16 recommended that this area join the Cold Spring Water Department in deve-loping a source. St. Basills Academy St. Basil's Academy is supplied with an average of 0.01 MGD from Indian Brook. The academy is near the Garrison area. Therefore, CP4S-16 did not evaluate any new sources for this system. Monastery of MarZ Irmnaculate The Monastery of Mary Inrnaculate is supplied with an average of 0.02 MGD from Local Brook. The Monastery is located near the Garrison area. Therefore CN7S-16 did not evaluate any new sources for this sytem. Self Supplied Inlustrial Systems The TAMS Study listed only one self supplied industry, which does not appear to be within the coastal zone. Boundary Line Determination Inclusion of the potential aquifer just south of the Village ot Cold Spring deserves consideration. Since very little is known about this area geologically due to lack of development, its exact value is unknown. Areas of Protection The aquifer mentioned above is the only potential area. 111-51 TABLE in-13 Existing Public Water Supply.Systems. Coastal Zone Area Putnam Countz Existing Sources & Ca2acity System Capacity Projected Demand (MGD) Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources (MGD)_ 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Cold Spring Foundry Brook 1. Catskill Aqueduct Water Dept. Catskill 2. Groundwater Aqueduct 0.16 3. Foundry Brook 4. Clove Creek )Jighland Public Society Spring 1. Croundwater 2. Catskill Aqueduct St. Mary Immaculate Local Brook St. Basil's Academy Indian Brook I L I P S T 0 W N -XI P U r-- V A LL E Y I:sT 0., 1 77-@` V, Putnam County 11 1-53) CZM Water Supply Study Figure III-11 Rockl and County Rockland-is the most southerly county along the west bank of the Hudson River in New York State. It has become urbanized due to its access to markets in northern New Jersey and New York City via the Thruway and the TaRpan Zee Brid:,e. C> The county is drained by three watersheds, the Passaic River to the southwest, the Hackensack Ri-ver to the south and the Hudson River to the north and east. The major streams draining through the coastal zone area are Minisceongo Creek and Sparkill Creek. The.coastal zone area is underlain by four' different types of rock formations of which only the Newark group could be considered an aquifer. In addition, there are surficial deposits of stratified drift which can produce high yielding wells. C, Municipal I.,.Tater Systems The county has six municipal water supply systems of which two are within the potential coastal zone area. Five systems includin3 both systems within the coastal zone use surface water for part or all of their supply. Three systems including one within the coastal zone use groundwater for part or all of their supply. The systems within the coastal zone are listed in Table]IT-14- and described briefly below. Spring Valley Water Company The Spring Valley Water Company is an investor owned subsidiary of the Hackensack Water Company of New Jersey. The utility's service area includes most of Rockland County. The company has two surface sources, Lake DeForest on the Hackensack River and a reservoir on Cedar Pond Brook. In addition, the Company has 42 wells and springs. The estimated legal yield of the system is 24.65 MGD. The yield of Lake DeForest reservoir is estimated to be over 20 MGD, but court decisions restrict its allowable use to 9.25 MGD. 111-54 CPWS-67 recommended the construction of Ambrey Pond Reservoir on Cedar Pond Brook, then the development of raore groundwater resources, and then the raising of the DeForest Reservoir. Nyack Water Company The Village of Nyack serves the Village and the surrounding towns from an intake alon- the Hackensack River. The Village has the right to take up to 3 MCD from the River, CF14S-67 could not find an alternate source. Self Supplied Industrial 2Zstems The TAMS study listed eight self supplied industrial systems none of which appear to be within the potential coastal zone area. Boundarv Line Determination With the exception of two of the 42 wells owned by the Spring Valley Water Company, the coastal zone is supplied from- o-itside sources. The line's location appears unimportant. Areas of Protection .The recharge areas for the well system might be considered if they can be located. 111-55 TABLE IIT-14 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Rockland Existina Sources & city Can- System Capacity Projected Demand (mgd) Alternatives To Meet Water_System Sources (mgd) 1966 1985 .2020 Future Needs Spring Valley Lake DeForest 9.25 Cedar Pond Br. groandwater Cedar Pond Br. 0.4 14.66 33.0 58.0 Lake DeForest Exp. Rainapo Rivor 42 wells & springs 15.0 Nyack Water Hackensack Company Hackensack River River 3.0 1.34 2.6 3.3 Expansion j! z Spring Valley Water Company, Inc. (north) CZM Water Supply Study Figure 111-12 111-57 7 Jr. Spring Valley Water Company, Inc. (south) CZM Water Supply Study Figure 111-13 PIPE L104E LAKE TIORATI AMBREY POND LAKE WELCH '90o@' w Al ED4,@ 0 P(()'-Vq3 Uj 01 2ad RES, d, G 1@j 0 IMI RES. 3 Ld- R ES. IC@? E E Y, LAKE C> LUCILL CRANBER POND LAKE DE FOREST POTA E POND RE L NYACK ir INTAKE W 0 q: 3000 0 0= 9mo, LAKE TAPPAN "tAON -1 .Rockland County municipal Surface Water Supplies CZM Water Supply Study 'ON -1 Figure 111-14 111-59- Fi 6-- ............. .. .. .. . A It .......... HUDSON .......... T 0 N Y P 0 1 N T RIVER ..... ............... H A V E F@ S T R A W AW ........ . ....... . ......... .... ...... ..... . . ..... ............... .......... .........I .......... DATSBURG .............. ......... .... . ........... ................... ... ........ . . . .......... .......... J, C L A R K S T 0 'N N R A @[A A P 0 HILLBUPU r @- @14 CK T H CK L E G E N D .. ......... :9 PARK LAND "4, 0 R. A N . G E' -r W N WATER COMPANIES SPRING VALLEY SUFFERN WATER CO. WATER CO. Rockland County POTHAT NYACK - @R Water Company Surface Area EIWATER CO. U WATER Co. CZM Water Supply Study LETCHWORTH HILLBURN, Figure 111-15 WATER CO. WATER CO, 0 3000 9000 111-60 -k C.P. TWELLS 6 F, AV r R S T RI i:- L17 - i :) -/I 0 CATI !!CQNT 2 POWCNA -2 NEW HEUPS I EAD-2 RAMAPO-2 VIOLA-I NEW C)TY -1 VALLEY-s HILLG:-'PN-1 r, K,R3CHN--R-i ID GERMONDS I T-LI-M-N-1 0 j C) SJ F RN VC-4 S E Y- 2 0 BARDONIA- I NANUET -3 CIO PEARL RIVER-1 BLAIIELT I '44, 3000 S.-1@01) 11@00 0 6CCO TAPPAN 2 0 () PIERVON -1 SPARKILL -3 Rockland County Municipal Ground Water Supplies CZM Water Supply Study Figurt- 111-16 Westchester County Westchester County is located immediately north of*New York City, along the east bank of the Hudson River and along the northerly shore of Long Island Sound. The major economic activity comes from se.rvices and retail trades since many people commute to New York City. The northern and eastern portions of the County drain into the Hudson via the Croton River, Peekskill Hollow Brook and other smaller tributaries. The southwesterly portion of the county drains into Long Island Sound. MuniciVal Water Systems Westchester County has 44 water districts or com?anies. Of these 21 use groundwater sources and 35 use surface sources for part or all of their supply. The water supply system within the potential coastal zone are listed in TablenI-15 for the Hudson River reach and in TableIII-16 for the Long Island Sound reach. Althou-h detailed descriptions of all of the companies are not available at present, all but the Briarcliff Manor Village system are presently tapping either the Catskill Aqueduct or the Croton River system. It could easily be assumed that the water resources of Westchester County are nearly fully developed. Self Supplied Industrial Systems The TAMS study listed only Columbia University out of seven self supplied industries as using the Hudson River as a source. Since no consumptive use was noted no future demand were estimated. Boundary Line Determination The county is highly urbanized and is starting to depend on water from the Catskill Aqueduct. The coastal zone area is adjacent to salt water sources which are not high desirable for water supply purpose. Ground water 111-62 sources do not a-ppear to be available in sufficient quantities. The boundary line is unimportant for.water supply purpose. Areas of Protection Based on the above discussion, there are no areas for protection either 111-63 Table 111-1-5 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Westchester County (Hudson River) Existing Sources & Capacity System Capacity Projected Demand (mgd) Alternatives to Meet .Water System Sources --(m,-cl) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Town of Cortlandt Cortlandt Water District 41 Catskill Aqueduct Croton-on-Hudson (village) wells 3.22 Montrose Consolidated Water Catskill District Aqueduct Peekskill City brook Catskill Aqueduct Town of Ossining Briarcliff Manor (village) well 3.5 Ossining (village) wells brook Croton System Ossining Water Districts Table 111-15 (Cont'd) Existing Sources & Capabity System Capacity Projected Demand (mgd) Alternatives to Meet WaterSystem Sources 1970 1990 207@ Future Needs. Town of Mount Pleasant Hawthorne Improvement Catskill District Aqueduct North Tarrytown Croton (village) System Old Farm Hill Water New Castle District Water Co. Pleasantville (village) wells Catskill Aqueduct Thornwood Water Dis- wells trict Catskill Aqueduct Valhalla Water Dis- Catskill trict Aqueduct Town of Greenburgh Elmsford (village) Catskill Aqueduct Greenburgh Consolidated Catskill Water District Aqueduct Irvington (village) lake C@oton System Tarrytown (village) lake Croton System Table M-15 (Cont'd) Existing Sources & Capacity System Capacity Projected,Demand (mrd) Alternatives to Meet Water System Sources m,,d) 1970 1990 2020 Future Needs Yonkers City river,, reservoir Catskill Aqueduct Croton System P-4 I a, re Table 111-16 Existing Public Water Supply Systems Coastal Zone Area Westchester County Long Island Sound Existina Sources & Capacity Water System System Capacity Projected Demand @mgd) Alternatives to Meet Sources (m_-d) 1970 1990 2020' Future Needs Town of Rye Port Chester Water Co. Greenwich 7.25 Water Co. (Legal Limit) Town of Mamoroneck Larchmong (village) lake Catskill Aqueduct City of New Rochelle New Rochelle Water lakes Company Catskill Aqueduct Croton System Town of Pelham Pelham (village) New Rochelle' Water Co. ~0 U~ ~~~~~ ~~IL~~ A~MA~WAL~A ~P~P~%~r~l~f~t~V~O~I~Pt - T~iT~I U~I~L ~t~a~"~g~o~t~s ~4 Etc ~l~t~v~c~v~l~t ~@ORK~YOW~W ~0qf~2q, ~qT I ~6AU~4A~TU~4.~V~L LEW~I~%~h~O~R~O A,% TO ~9U~(~MA~R~A ~*~4 WSW ~C~R~O~T~O~" ~fk~t~l~r~.~#~R~v~O~.~m C~O~P~IT~IL Am" ~'~..~"~S ~o~t BRIDGEPORT ~I~.~G~UT~0~4 NORWALK ~I~qM~O~V CA~16~7~L~I~L~ ISAAC~.~" ""'LAUREL I(&%& a ~f~o~l~l~s~, ~a~v~o~l~p~t ~I~.A~l~k~i PLEA~tA~P~ITVILL~E ~C~D~WV~I~R~@~X L LAVE ~N~0~0~4~WAL~K ~q@~7 A,,.. A ~M~l T ~P~UT~MA ~.~1 LANK ~N~O~M~OT~O~M All CID TARRYTOWN lot ~"~A~A~M~M~O~R ~6q@~_~-~-T~(~A~/~% OF RYE F~1~1~1~1 ~~ ~x ~'~S~C~A~A PORT c~w~E~sT~qut ~~ ~0 ~~ CITY OF RYE ~ ~D YONKERS I C~)~K~LT~* A ~~ ~f (D ~0~3 ~ I ~,~q4t~P~C~lA~"~0~f ~~ ~~ ~~ ~"t (D (D ~~ ~r~l ~@~@~_L ~1~4 ~V ~'~,~M~A~X~A~M~M~I~CK ~4~4~:~0~4~"~O~n~y ~qZT ~q" I ~I~6qV~A~I ~0~; ~~ ~~ ~I~- OR ~~ ~qr~ ~l~f~'~D ~D~IL~RA~P~0 ~ ~(~n ~. SCALE 0 1 2 3 ~4 5 ~6 ~ ~~k~.~ ~ T T~.~, ~E ~S~, ~L E ~4q2 ~I~I~O~A~W~A~L~K (D MILE ~s to BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. "Reconnaissance of.Water Resources Potentials forHudson, Mohawk and Long Island Areas Report," New York-State Water Resources Commission, Conservation Department, Division of Water Resources; Prepared by Tippetts-Abbett-McCarth-v-Stratton, New York; Camp, Dresser and McKee, Boston; Leggette, Brashears and Graham, New York, August 1966 2. "Albany County Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study, CPWS-43," Prepared by Malcolm Pirnie Engineers, White Plains, New York, May 1968. 3.' "The Ground-water Resources of Albany County, New York," by Theodore Arnow, U. S. Geological Survey, Bulletin GW-20, Albany, N.Y. 1949 4. "Report on Rensselaer County Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study, CPWS-76," by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., White Plain, Albany, N.Y. August 1972. 5. "The Ground-Water Resources of Rensselaer County, New York," by R. V. Cushman, U. S. Geological Survey, Bulletin GTd-21, Albany, N.Y. 1950 6. "Green County Comprehensive Intermunicipal Water Supply Study, CPNS-25," by Alex N. Diachishin and Associates, Ellenville, N.Y. June 1967. 7. "The Ground-Water Resources of Greene County, New York," by jean M. Berdan, U.S.G.S. Bulletin GW-34, Albany, N.Y. 1954. 8. "Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study, Columbia County, New York, CPWS-32," by Malcolm Pirnie Engineers, White Plains, N.Y. April 1969. C@ 9. "The Ground-water Resources of Columbia County, New York," by Theodore Arnow, U.S.G.S. Bulletin GW-25, Albany, N.Y. 1951 10. "Comprehensive Water Supply Study for County of Ulster," CP'VIS-15, by Brinnier and Larios, Kingston, N.Y. Revised March 1970. 11. "Groundwater Resources of Orange and Ulster Counties, New York," by Michael H. Frimpter, U.S.G.S., Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1985. 12. "Scope of Public Water Supply Needs," by Temporary State Commission on the Water Supply Needs of Southeastern New York, Albany, N.Y. November 1972. 13. "Sources of Ground-Water in Southeastern New York," Geological Survey Circular 417. 14. "Report on Wate r Resources and Development, Orange County, New York," Hazen and Sawyer, New York, October 1959. 15. "Comprehensive Water Supply Study for Orange County, New York," CPWS-4, by Metcalf and Eddy, New York, April 1967. 16. "Report on Water Resources and Development, Orange County, New York," Hazen and Sawyer October 1959. 17. "Comprehensive Water Supply Study of Rockland County," CPwS-67 by Quirk, Lawler and Matusky Engineers, December 1970. 18. "Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Rockland County, New York" by Nathaniel M. Perlmutter, U.S.G.S., GW-42 19. "Ground-Water Resources of Dutchess County, New York" by Z. T. Simmons, I.G. Grossman and R. C. Heath, U.S.G.S. CW-43, 1961 20. "Streams in Dutchess County, N.Y." by G. R. Ayer and F. H. Pauszek, U.S.G.S. Bulletin 63, 1968 21., "Comprehens.ive Public Water Supply Study, Putnam County, New York," CPWIS-16, Goodkind and O'Dea. 22. "Report on the Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study for Northern Westchester County," CP'@NTS-10 Volume II by J. Wilbur Irish, Consulting En- ineers, SeDtember 1963. C) 23. "Report on Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study for the Village of Port Chester, City of Rye and Town of Rye, Westchester County, New York," by Hazen and Sawyer, CF,4S-11, December 1967. 24. "Ehe Ground-It-Tater Resources of Westchester County, New York," by E. S. Asselstine and I. G. Grossman, U.S.G.S. Bulletin G14-35, 1955. 111-70 00 SECTION TV NEW YORK CITY SUBAREA 40 40 GENERAL The New York City Sub-Area consists of five boroughs; Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Richmond. It includes a small piece of land along the lower Hudson River, portions of the Bronx River Watershed, and the Manhattan and Staten Islands. Present population of the City is estimated at 8,000,000. Population densities in the four major City boroughs range from 18,000 persons per square mile in Queens to 68,000 persons per square mile. in Manhattan. The least developed borough in the City, Richmond also has an average density of 4,500 persons per square mile,. The study area is thus one of the most densely populated regions of the Nation. Furthermore, the study area contains the Nation's largest concentration of financial, trade, professional, business and communications services. Therefore, the water supply requirement is by far the most important water problem. Shoreline extends for more than 100 miles in the sub-area. It includes the coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound as well as the lower reach of the Hudson River. Most of the shoreline has been developed (Figure IV-1). Existing Public Water Sxstems New York City Department of Water Resources serves more than 90 percent of the City's population. It obtains most of its water supply from three upland sources. Groundwater from Long Island and Staten Island as well as natural runoff from the 13 square mile Bronx River drainage provide limited additional supplies. Part of the Queens is served by two small pablic water companies. They use groundwater aquifer as water sources. IV-1 4. v:'- EH'S T C ItZ- %Q'w TEE R RONX NEW J E R,-:) Y N,ASSAU 0 U E E N S r BROOKLYN STATEN ISLAND 4- 41 740 fj@ City of New York CZMI Water Supply Study Figure IV-1 JV-2 New York City Department of Water Resources _2L2 F-me Three upland surface supplies provide the backbone of the system (Figure IV-2). 1. Croton River System The Croton River System is furnished with the runoff from 375 square miles watershed. The system consists of twelve reservoirs with a total storage capacity of about 95 billion gallons. The new Croton aqueduct can yield approx- imately 275 mad of water. The safe yield of the system, computed on the basis of 1960's drought is 248 m-d. 2. Catskill System The Catskill System gets the runoff from 571 square miles watershed. The'total storage of the system in Schoharie and Ashokan reservoirs amounts to 150 billion gallons. The Catskill Aqueduct has a capacity of 600 mad above Kensico Reservoir, and 500 m-d between Kensico and Hillview. The safe yield, C, on the basis of 1960's drought flow condition, was estimated as 610 mad. .3. Delaware System The Delaware system includes 1,010 square miles of watershed and four reservoirs; Neversink, Pepacton, Cannonsville and Rondout. The total storage of the system amounts to 326 billion gallons. The Delaware Aqueduct is a deep rock tunnel throughout, with a capacity@of 890 mad above West Branch, 1,000 mad from West Branch to Kensico, and 1,800 mo'd from Kensico C@ to Hillview. The safe yield of the system was computed as 610 mad. Several local supplies of the City system have very limited capacities and have been used only during water shortages, such as the 1960's drought. The local supplies include Ridgewood system which withdraw the groundwater in Queens and Brooklyn, Chelsea pumping station which pumps water from Hudson River. K iv-3 LA-LE *-TEPS-:) L"RA %-C:r- ?AS.14 r,.-LIARE WLES CAI -'Slk4E A- t Bz- 375 S, V -E S -A@, &A@ N ry J-j Ir AQ RESE@r.C& YOqK -'7Y Existing Surface Water Supplies New York City CZM Water Supply Study Figure IV-2 IV-4 Investor Owned t4a@er Companies Two invest.or-owied water companies, the Jamaica IXTater Supply Company and the Woodhaven Utilities and Industries Corporation, furnish groundwater to some 650,003 persons in Queens. The present output of the two companies is approximately 60 mgd. The two systerns include 85 wells, water treatment facilities, pumping stations, storage reservoirs and distribution mains capable of delivering up to 90 -,ngd for extended periods. The water from Woodhaven is of such inferior quality that acquisition of the Woodhaven, distribution system by the City and substitution of upstate water was proposed. The wall water supplied by the Jamaica Water Supply Company, w%ile less satisfactory than upland sources is of tolerable quality. As the supply of these systems is much limited and its quality poor, they are not included with the safe yield of the City water systems. Estimations of "Future Water Demands and the Potential Water Supply Sources The future water uses were projected according to future population density, prospective industrial development, growth in per capita water usage and other usages. The present and future per capita water use may be divided into the non-industrial use and industrial use. The latter includes all domestic, commercial, institutional, and public use plus unaccounted for water in the form of leakaae and under-registration of meters. Table IV-1 summarized the future per capita water use, both non-industrial and industrial., and the total water consumptions from the public water supply system. Some industries in the Borough of Brooklyn and Queens have their self- supplied water systems. Groundw ater is the sole source for these systems IV-5 Table VI-1 Estimated Future Water Consumption from Public Water Supply System Present 2000 2020 Borough Per Capita Per Capita Total Per Capita Per Capita Total Per Capita Per Capita Total' non-Industrial Industrial mgd* non-Industrial Industrial mgd non-Industrial Industrial mgd (gpd) (gpd) (gpd) (@pd) Bronx 109 16 191 124 24 223 129 28 244 Kings 87 24 299 124 .35 441 130 38 488 Manhattan 110 80 298 124 118 392 129 135 434 Queens. 87 32 233 124 45 375 129 49 424 Richmond 85 39 32 124 30 88 130 25 123 Total 1053 1519 1713 Source: Alternative Regional Water Supply plans by Hazend Sawyer, 1971 4e Currently, there are 30 industrial users with their own water supply. Total extraction of,groundwater by them amounts to about 28 m--d. Of this, 10 m-d or 36 percent is recharged back to groundwater aquifer.--The present con- sumptive use is therefore 18 mcrd. This amount is expected to increase, but. it is assumed that all additional industrial water requirements in the future will be met by public supplies. Total safe yield from New York City public water system has been estimated on the basis of the recent drought. It is approximately 1,300 mgd. Compare it with the projected demand, the City water supply will become inadequate by 2000. It.should also be noted that the City Water System has to provide water to Westchester County and other secondary service areas. Many previous studies have concentrated their efforts on identifying and analyzing the potential new supply sources for the City's public water systems. Hudson River and several other nearby rivers have been considered to be the major potential supplies. They are located far away from the City boundaries. Thus, not directly related to the coastal zone management program. Some alternative supplies which may have impacts on the coastal zone management program are summarized as follows: 1. Metering - The instituion of universal metering in New York City over the 1930 - 2000 may lead to a savin.-,, of an estimated 125 mgd by 2003. 2. Potential New York City - Long Island Water Supply integration. Long Island communities replenish their groundwater reserves during wet years by drawing surplus water from New York's upland system, so as to permkt over- pumping the wells during prolonged droughts. Boundary Line Determination Substantially all of the people in New York City depend upon the public water systems for water supply. Major supply sources are located well beyond IV-7 40 the City limit. Therefore, no particular consideration is needed, from the water supply st*andpoint in establishing the coastal zone boundary. It is noted that groundwater is used to a lim ited degree in Queens Borough. The coastal zone boundary lines there should be determined in the same as rest of Long Island. Areas for Protection In New York City, three of the five boroughs; Manhattan, Bronx and Richmond are served from City water system Vnich obtain.or will obtain its entire.supply from upland reservoir. Therefore, the areas inside the coastal zone do not need land use control or other measures to protect their water supplies. Parts of the Queens and Brooklyn boroughs use groundwater as their sources. So far, the Jamaica Water Supply-Company wells have suffered little from salt water intrusion. In order to keep the water quality acceptable, any increase use of groundwater there should be carefully examined. iv-8 DATE DUE GAYLOADINo. 2333 PRINTED IN U S.A 3 141 79840 NYS DEC