[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]






                                                                                 Atiachment 495-.4.6



            Assessment of Clam Resources and Sanitary Quality of

            the Shellfish Growing Waters in Witch Creek, Seavey

                                     Creek and Little Harbor




                                              A Final Report to


            The New Hampshire Office of State Planning, New Hampshire Coastal Program


                                                 Submitted by


                            Dr. Stephen H. Jones1,2 and Dr. Richard Langanl.3



                            IJackson Estuarine Laboratory, University of New Hampshire
                          2Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire
                              3Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire



                                                    July, 1996



           This Report was funded in part by a grant from the Office of State Planning, New Hampshire
           Coastal Program, as authorized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
           Grant Award Number -NA570ZO320






                                                                                              N
                                                                                                OFWA OF 11ATE PUMNS
                                                                                               H COAVAL PROGRAM






                         Sanitary Survey


                                  for



        Little   Harbor, Seavey Creek and Witch
                                Creek


                     New Castle and Rye,

                         New Hampshire



                              July, 1996



                               prepared by

               'Dr. Stephen H. Jones and,Dr. Richard Langan
                       Jackson Estuarine Laboratory
                       University of New Hampshire
                           Durham, NH 03824











                                                   TABLE OF CONTENTS
             1. Executive Summary                                                                             I

             Il. Description of Growing Area                                                                  I
                     A. Location map showing growing area,                                                    I
                     B. Description of area                                                                   I
                     C. History of growing area                                                               2

             III. Pollution Source Survey                                                                     2
                     A. Summary of sources and locations                                                      2
                             1. Map or chart showing the location of major sources of pollution               2
                             2. Table of pollution source                                                     2
                     B. Identification and evaluation of pollution sources                                    3
                             1 .Shoreline survey                                                              4
                             2. Domestic waste                                                                4
                                A. Septic systems                                                             4
                                B. Wastewater treatment plants                                                4
                             3. Marinas                                                                       5
                             4. Stormwater                                                                    5
                             5. Agricultural waste                                                            6
                             6. Wildlife areas                                                                6
                             7. Industrial waste                                                              7

             IV. Hydrographic and Meteorological Characteristics                                              8
                     A. Tides: Type and amplitude                                                             8
                     B. Rainfall: Amounts, seasonality and frequency of significant rainfalls                 9
                     C. Winds                                                                                 10
                     D. River Discharges: Volumes and seasonality                                             11
                     E. Actual or potential effects of transport on pollution to the harvest area             11

             V. Water Quality Studies                                                                         12
                     A. Map of sampling stations                                                              12
                     B. Sampling plan justification                                                           12
                     C. Sample data analysis                                                                  12
             VI. Interpretation of Data in Determining Area Classification                                    13
                     A. Meteorological and hydrographic effects on bacterial loading                          13
                     B. Variability in the data and causes                                                    13

             VII. Conclusions                                                                                 14
                     A. Map showing classification                                                            14
                     B. Legal description                                                                     14
                     C. Management plan                                                                       14
                     D. Recommendations for improvement of sanitary survey                                    14

             VIII. References                                                                                 15

             Tables
             Figures
             Appendix A: Assessment of clam (Mya arenaria) population in the study area                       Al-2
             Appendix B Properties and septic systems in areas surrounding survey area                        B 1-6
             Appendix C: Bacterial indicator concentrations in water at sites around Little Harbor            C I









             1. Executive Summary
                     Many improvements have been made in wastewater treatment facilities on the Piscataqua
             River and throughout the Great. Bay Estuary, and best management practices for stormwater
             control and other-potential pollution sources have become more prevalent in recent years. Ile
             results of the present sanitary survey suggest that some areas could be classified as approved,
             pending collection and similar results from adequate numbers of samples at all sites. This
             approved area could include all of Little Harbor and portions of the mouth of Witch Creek and
             Seavey Creek. A thorough analysis of conditions and water quality in the whole growing area
             indicates that classification of the area would probably require some meteorological and seasonal-
             use conditions, the latter because of the prevalence of boats during months (May, September,
             October) when clamflats could otherwise be open. Relatively heavy rainfall events (>l"/48h)
             appear to cause significant decreases in water quality. The proximity of the site to areas of coastal
             New Hampshire where no shellfishing is presently allowed, in addition to the encouraging water
             quality results, makes this a desirable site for reclassification.

             11. Description of Growing Area

             A. Location map showing growing area
                     Figure I shows the boundaries of the growing area in question which includes all of Little
             Harbor out to Jaffrey and Frost Points at the harbor mouth, and extends south through the
             mudflats at the mouths of Witch and Seavey Creeks. Berry Brook, upstream Witch Creek and the
             flow from Sagamore Creek/Back Channel area west of the Rt. IB bridge are considered potential
             point sources of pollution for the purpose of this study.

             B. Description of area
                     The growing area lies near the northernmost portion of coastal New Hampshire.
             Specifically, the area is bordered on the north by New Castle Island, to the east by Fort Stark State
             Historical Site and the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by Odiorne Point State Park and the
             Witch/Seavey Creek area, and to the west by the Wentworth-by-the-Sea golf course and the Back
             Channel area. New Castle to the north and Rye to the south and west are the two towns bordering
             the area. Water movement within the area is governed primarily by tidal currents while minor
             influences are provided by the few tributaries that carry freshwater into the area. The only
             tributaries in the area are Berry Brook, Witch and Seavey Creeks and the water flowing into the
             harbor from the Back Channel area.
                     Little Harbor and the rest of the survey area constitute a small, shallow embayment with an
             average depth of -2 m, with deeper channels extending to 5 m. The deepest waters are confined to
             one channel that extends from the Rt. I B/Back Channel out to the mouth of the harbor. 'Me mean
             tidal range of the growing area is 2.4 m, ranging from 2.1 to 3.4 m. The area is subject to strong
             tidal currents and vertical mixing, limiting the vertical stratification of waters throughout most of
             the year. During periods of excessive freshwater runoff, partial stratification of the water column
             can occur. A large portion of the area is exposed at low tide with most of the intertidal zone
             consisting of mudflats and some macrophyte and rocky habitats. Extensive salt marshes exist
             around the upper intertidal zones at the mouths of Seavey Creek.
                     Several bivalve species can be found within the growing area including blue mussels
             (Mytilus edulis), soft shell clams (Mya arenaria) and a few American oysters (Crassostrea
             virginica). Soft shell clam habitat is prevalent, with a harvestable area of approximately 35 acres,
             but the abundance is generally low (see Appendix A). Blue mussels are dominant in many of thi
             low intertidal and subtidal (channel) areas in high abundance, probably constituting the dominant
             standing shellfish stock in the area.
                     The shorelines of the survey area are a mix of residential property, protected lands and
             woodlands. Most of the land surrounding the watershed for the growing area is forested.


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                       Agricultural use of shoreline land within the growing area is essentially nonexistent. Human
                       population along the growing area is moderate, with concentrated areas along the southwestern
                       shore around Wentworth and Pioneer Rds. in Rye, the Wentworth condominiums on the northern
                       shoreline, and a moderately dense area on the northeastern shoreline in New Castle. Shoreline
                       ownership around the growing area is typically private, with a golf course and some lands
                       protected or in government ownership. Two state-owned areas border the growing area. One is
                       Odiome State Park, a large area which dominates the southeastern shoreline. On Jaffrey Point on
                       the north shore of the mouth of the harbor is Fort Stark State Historical Site.

                       C. History of growing area classification
                               The survey area has been classified as prohibited since the late 1980's when the
                       Wentworth-by-the-Sea marina was expanded. The last comprehensive sanitary survey conducted
                       in the area took place many years ago. Ile water quality in Little Harbor and the Back Channel
                       was seriously degraded by the primary effluent from the Portsmouth wastewater treatment plant
                       (WWTP) prior to its being upgraded (NHFG, 1991). Since that time, the WWTP has been rebuilt
                       and poses only a rare threat to water quality. One remaining combined sewer overflow (CSO) in
                       South N1ill Pond is still of concern. Significant new construction has occurred as part of the
                       Wentworth-by-the-Sea marina/condominium expansion, although all septic wastes are discharged
                       into a sewer system and pumped to the Portsmouth WWTP. Numerous non-sewered residences in
                       Rye and New Castle have replaced failed septic systems and overboard discharges.
                               The potential for clam harvesting in the area is substantial based on the acreage of potential
                       clam flats. According to the NHFG (1991), there are 400 acres of clam flats in the Little Harbor
                       and Back Bay area, compared to 162 acres in Hampton/Seabrook Harbor and 500 acres in Great
                       Bay. The flats were not thought to be as productive as Hampton/Seabrook Harbor, which had an
                       estimated standing crop of -8x that of the Little Harbor area. An update of the clam resources in
                       Little Harbor and the Seavey/Witch Creek area has been conducted as part of this project, and the
                       results are presented in Appendix A. In addition to significant potential habitat area, recent water
                       quality results determined by NHDPHS suggest that the area may be one of the most likely areas
                       for consideration to be re-opened (see Section V).

                       111. Pollution Source Survey

                       A. Summary of Sources and Locations
                               1. Map or chart showing the location of mgjtor sources of l2ollution
                               Figure 2 shows the locations of potential pollution sources to the growing area. A
                       discussion concerning each individual source follows in Section 2.

                               2. Table of pollution sources
                               Table 1 lists six actual or potential pollution sources found either directly within the
                       growing area or that could influence the quality of water which flow into the growing area (Figure
                       2). Included in Table 1 are "Relevant Sample Sites." These are specific water quality sampling
                       sites that have been designated to show the effects, if any, that each pollution source listed in Table
                       I has on a specific section of the growing area. Table 2 lists all of the routine sampling sites
                       established for the survey area. Figure 3 shows an routine sampling sites which have been
                       established in order to monitor water quality throughout the growing area. Sites TI, T5, T6, T8,
                       J9, TIO, and T13 are sites established by DPHS to support the routine classification of the area.
                       Sites T7 and T14 are routine sites reactivated this year, and WC1 and LH2 are new sites added this
                       year. Sites Tl, T6, T13, T14 and LH2 are located in the potential growing area and sites T5,17,
                       T8, T9, T10 and WC1 are in areas that may influence the water quality of the growing area. Data
                       for all of these sites are presented in Table 3 for DPHS analyses and Table 4 for JEL analyses, and
                       discussed in Sections IV, V and VI.


                                                                         2









                    The water quality in all tributaries have been evaluated. These include Berry Brook, Witch
            and Seavey Creeks, and the Back Channel, all ofwhich are being treated as individual point
            sources of pollution. Figure 4 shows the small tributary sampling sites,WC 2, 5 and 6, PC 1, 2, 4
            and 5, SC 1 and 2, and WRL I; the analytical results are presented in Table 5. All of the tributary
            samples showed little contamination, with a decrease going downstream. None of these tributaries
            appear to have much impact on water quality in Little Harbor, based on the results for the routine
            sample sites T6 and T14 (Tables 3 and 4).
                    Pollution sources listed in Table I and below which are located on the major river
            tributaries are considered to be either point or non-point sources within these tributaries. A brief
            explanation of each source and its potential to contaminate the growing area is given below.

                    PSI, PS2 -The Wentworth- by-the-Sea marina/condominium complex has a potential for
            contamination via two mechanisms: PS 1 -direct discharges from boats docked at the marina, and
            PS2-from the stormwater drainage system around the condominiums. There are 170 slips for
            boats at the marina, 4 of which are reserved for transient boats and the rest are individually
            reserved. From mid- to late-May through early- to mid-October, the slips are essentially fully
            utilized. The pump-out facility is a nine year old Keco vacuum system with a 1.5" pipe through
            which waste is pumped to the town's sewer system. The facility has had heavy use, and may need
            to be replaced in the near future to insure that such a well-functioning facility in such a key area is
            capable of handling the high demand. The marina is essentially unused during the rest of the year.
            Thus, the potential for pollution from the marina is a highly seasonal factor.
                    Stormwater from the condominium area flows through two vegetated swales designed to
            detain and decontaminate stormwater. These systems appear to receive lightly contaminated water
            (see Section III.B.3). The marina and stormwater sources are potential direct sources.

                    PS3- There are -100 boat moorings located within and to the north of the main channel
            near the rrfiddle of Little Harbor. Approximately 60 of the 100 moorings are used by members of
            the marina, and they all routinely use the marina pump-out facility. Some of the other boats also
            use the facility. Like the marina, these moorings are used from May to October, and virtually not
            at all the rest of the year. Thus, the potential for pollution from the mooring field is highly
            seasonal. This source is a potential direct source.

                    PS4- The Wentworth-by-the-Sea golf course is an eighteen hole course that lies directly on
            the southwestern shoreline of the harbor. The buildings are distant from the shoreline, but there is
            fertilizer and pesticides applied to the fairways and greens (see Section III.B.4). These apparently
            have little impact on the water quality of the adjacent portions of the harbor, even though they are
            considered potential direct sources.

                    PS5- "Me Portsmouth wastewater treatment plant is located on Pierces Island along the
            southern portion of the Piscataqua River. Ile effluent discharge pipe is located in the main river
            channel near to the main entrance to the Back Cliannel. Any malfunction in plant operation that
            would lead to discharge of untreated sewage could impact the survey area via water flow through
            the Back Channel. This source is considered a potential, indirect pollution source.

                    PS6- There is one combined sewer overflow in Portsmouth that is located in South Mill
            Pond. Untreated sewage may be discharged through this source, especially during high volume
            rainstorms. The concern is that contaminated water flowing out of South Null Pond could enter
            Little Harbor via flow through the Back Channel. This source is considered a potential, indirect
            pollution source.

            B. Identification and evaluation of pollution sources


                                                             3









                              1. Shoreline Survey
                              The shoreline survey was conducted by boat at both low and high tide in August, 1995 and
                      May, 1996, and by foot in populated areas during April and May, 1996. Properties were surveyed
                      at high tide by boat to gain close access to shore for better observation. Walking along the
                      shoreline at low tide, any pipes located below the high water mark could be more readily observed.
                      Homes bordering the growing area were evaluated by looking for malfunctioning septic systems,
                      gray water pipes, outhouses and other potential pollution sources. All drainage streams with
                      flowing water were sampled and water samples analyzed.
                              No apparent pollution sources were observed at high tide in the boaL The areas covered by
                      the low tide shoreline reconnaissance included Pioneer Rd. west of the Rt. IA bridge, Brackett Rd.
                      near the Berry Brook bridge, the Foyes Rd./Frontier St. area, and the Wentworth Rd. area to the
                      northwest of the golf course. No obvious failed septic systems, outhouses or flowing drain pipes.
                      were seen. Numerous ditches that drained into the tidal waters and originated in back lots and
                      small streams that flowed close to shoreline houses were sampled during the springtime when
                      water tables were elevated. These were mostly located around Pioneer Rd. as illustrated in Figure
                      4. The results of the water analyses (Table 5) showed little contamination was associated with
                      these ditches and streams, suggesting that septic systems for shoreline homes were not
                      contaminating the drainage streams that empty into the tidal waters.

                              2. Domestic wastes
                                     A. Septic systems
                              Towns abutting the growing area with residences on septic systems are New Castle and
                      Rye. The most densely populated areas are New Castle Ave. (Rt. I B) and Pioneer Rd. (Rt. 1 A) in
                      Rye. These homes are all essentially year-round residences. The northern shore of Little Harbor
                      in New Castle is a moderately populated area. Research was carried out at each town hall to
                      obtain septic system information for each residence within 500 feet from shore (see Appendix B).
                      Locations of homes are given by map and lot number for each town according to the town tax
                      maps (also Appendix B). All homes in areas surrounding the growing area have individual septic
                      systems with the exception of the Wentworth condominiums and marina which are linked to
                      Portsmouth's municipal sewer system. A complex pattern of other homes in New Castle are also
                      linked into the Portsmouth sewer system. Soil suitability for septic tanks along the growing area
                      shores varies, with poorly and very poorly drained soils dominating in and around the salt marsh
                      area at the mouth of Seavey Creek and a freshwater marsh behind the northeast shoreline of Little
                      Harbor. In addition, some of the soils on land adjacent to Witch Creek and other scattered area are
                      also unsuitable for development/septic systems.

                                     B. Wastewater treatment plants
                              There are no municipal wastewater treatment plants which discharge directly into the
                      growing area, although one discharges into the nearby Piscataqua River (PS5; Figure 2). Thus,
                      the Portsmouth WWT? may indirectly impact the growing area due to its nearby location.
                      Portsmouth rebuilt their entire primary plant, completed in 1992, under a DES/EPA Consent
                      Decree. It is an advanced primary treatment system with sand filters, primary settling clarifiers,
                      and chlorination that serves essentially the entire city of Portsmouth and parts of New Castle. The
                      effluent discharge pipe is located approximately 300 feet off shore from Pierces Island near the
                      middle of the river channel. Sand filters and dechlorination were added to ensure adequate
                      disinfection and minimize discharge of chlorinated compounds. The Consent Decree was
                      terminated after the facility demonstrated twelve continuous months of meeting the bacterial limit of
                      70 total coliform/100 ml.
                              No industrial waste is processed in the plant. Design flow is for an average flow of 4.7
                      mgd and a hydraulic peak flow of 22 mgd. The average flow during the past year was 5.3 mgd.
                      The system is alarmed for both power failure and high water flow. There are 17 pump stations, all


                                                                       4









              alarmed. There are an additional 3 pump stations in New Castle. One CSO still receives untreated
              wastewater, and discharges to South Mill Pond. Recent efforts have been made to upgrade sewer
              lines throughout the city, including South. and North Mill Ponds. Pump houses have also been
              upgraded.

                      3. Marinas
                      During the period from mid-May through mid-October, the Little Harbor portion of the
              study area experiences heavy recreational boating activity consisting of power and sailing vessels
              of all sizes. In addition, there is a 170 slip marina and a mooring field with 100 moorings. By
              mid-October, the vessel traffic is negligible and the vessel that occupy the marina slips and
              moorings during the boating season are either hauled out of the water or winterized and idle at the
              marina slips.
                      Since illegal discharge of human wastes from vessels poses a potential human health threat
              for shellfishing waters, a prohibited shellfishing area must be established if the potential for illegal
              discharge exists. The Wentworth Marina has a sewage pump-out facility that services all the
              vessels at the marina and -60 vessels that occupy the moorings. Their facility is easily accessible
              at the fuel docks, and discharges directly to a sewage pipe that connects with Portsmouth WAFTP.
              Sean McKenna, the marina manager, reports that the facility is heavily used.
                      In determining a worst case scenario of events for establishing a prohibited zone, it is
              assumed that two people would be discharging wastes per boat per day, each individual producing
              2 x 109 fecal coliforms (FC). If it is assumed that all vessels at the marina discharged wastes on a
              daily basis this would produce 170 x 2 x 2 x 109 or 680 x 109 FC into the waters surrounding the
              marina. The total volume of water at the marina area at low tide is 8.8 x 108 liters, or 88 x 108 100
              ml units. If complete mixing is assumed, the resulting concentration would be 77 FC per 100 mil.
              The water within the marina slips is quite still, and mixes with channel waters after slowly moving
              toward the channel on the ebb tide. All vessels discharging in one day is an unlikely scenario, just
              as complete mixing of wastes with the surrounding water is unrealistic. If instead we assume the
              10% or 17 vessels discharge 17 x 2 x 2 x 109 FC daily, and that the discharge mixes only with the
              upper 0.5 m of the water column, the resulting concentration of the surface waters within the
              marina area would be 116 FC per 100 ml. The plume would eventually n-dx with channel waters
              and would be transported toward the Wentworth clamflat on a falling t     'ide, and toward the triangle
              flat on a rising tide. If the plume mixes with an equal volume of water as it joins the channel flow,
              then water with a concentration in excess of the 14 FC/100 ml could reach the two flats, therefore
              placing them in the prohibited safety zone.
                      'Me mooring field also may pose a potential risk from discharge. If it is assumed that 10%
              of the moored vessels discharge each day, then 10 vessels x 2 persons x 2 x 109 FC = 40 x 109
              FC would be discharged i rto an area with a volume of 6.3 x 108 100 liter units, the resulting
              plume concentration would be 66 FC1 100 ml in the mooring area. If the plume mixes with an
              equal volume of flood tide waters water with a concentration 14 FC/100 ml would be transported
              in the direction of the triangle flat, and potentially the Odiorne, Seavey and Berry Brook flats. The
              plume mixing with ebb tide waters would not likely impact any of the flats in the growing area.
                      An additional source of contamination which would be very difficult to quantify is waste
              discharge from the transient boat traffic in the area. As previously mentioned, vessel traffic is very
              heavy in the area from mid-May through mid-October. Numbers, sizes, and length of time vessels
              spend in the area, along with estimates of waste volumes discharged, would have to be included in
              the equation in order to estimate the volume of sewage discharge.

                      4. Stormwate
                      There are two potentially significant stormwater sources that could impact the water quality
              of Little Harbor. One is the drainage from the new Wentworth-by-the-Sea condominium/marina


                                                                  5









                      complex on the northern shoreline of the survey area, and the other is the CSO in Portsmouth (PS2
                      and PS6; Figure 2). Portsmouth has eliminated nine of ten CSOs, but one remains in South Mill
                      Pond. The concern for the Little Harbor area is that contaminants flushed into South M111 Pond
                      from the CSO could flow through the Back Channel area into Little Harbor (NHDES, 1995).
                      Elimination of the remaining CSO would cost an estimated $10 million, as estimated by the city's
                      CSO Facility Plan. Because of the high costs associated with elimination of the CSO, the City of
                      Portsmouth has filed for a Use Attainability (UAA) Study to reclassify the receiving waters, i.e.,
                      South Mill Pond. If they are successful in proving that the costs are essentially prohibitive, then
                      they would not be required to attain the limit of 70 total coliforms per 100 n-d in South Mill Pond.
                      In such a case, careful attention to the potential for storm-related contamination to affect any
                      opened shellfish beds in Little Harbor would be necessary. It would also be difficult to open the
                      extensive mudflats in the Back Bay area.
                              The other potential source of stormwater is the drainage system of the condominium-marina
                      complex at Wentworth- by-the-Sea.' There are two vegetated swales in that area that are designed
                      for control of stormwater from impervious surfaces. The major swale, located next to the marina
                      parking lot, has been studied as part of a joint NHDES/UNH-JEL study over the past year. Water
                      samples were collected during the initial 0.5" of rainfall of three storm events in 1996 at the
                      influent pipe and the effluent drain to determine if the swale is effectively treating stormwater.
                      Fecal coliform levels were relatively low in all samples, ranging from 2 to 56/100 ml (unpublished
                      data). It appears that the drainage swales are not receiving stormwater with any significant
                      contamination, and the stormwater from the Wentworth complex probably has little effect on
                      harbor water quality.
                              There are some other potential indirect sources of contamination to Little Harbor located in
                      Portsmouth. There are some storm and parking lot drains in the city that drain into the tidal waters,
                      although none that would have much impact on Little Harbor. There are also three snow dump
                      sites on the southern end of town, two on Pierces Island and one next to South Mill Pond.

                              5. Agricultural waste and golf cl2urse fertilizer applications
                              Agricultural use of land within the growing area has greatly declined during the past fifty
                      years. At present, there are no working farms along the shoreline of the growing area. However,
                      the Wentworth-by-the-Sea golf course (PS4; Figure 2) uses both fertilizers and pesticides. A
                      slow-release fertilizer (24-4-12) is applied to fairways, tees and greens in May, June and
                      September at annual rates ranging from 130-218 lbs/acre of nitrogen and 22-36 lbs/care
                      phosphorus. Roughs are not fertilized. Grass clippings are returned directly (mulched) onto
                      fairways. Tee and green clippings are collected and spread on the roughs. Water samples
                      collected at sites along the shoreline of the golf course were analyzed for dissolved inorganic
                      nutrients. Ile results (Table 6) show low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, suggesting
                      that the fertilizers applied at the course have little impact on the water quality of the harbor.
                              Insecticides are not used routinely on a large scale. An integrated pest management system
                      is employed and pesticide application is limited to spot application to control grub infestation.
                      Preventative treatment for snow mold fungus is applied only to tees and greens. Heavy metal
                      (mercury) based compounds are not used. All materials are applied conservatively with particular
                      caution paid to adjacent surface waters and wetland buffer zones. Equipment used for applications
                      is field-rinsed, and the diluted rinse water is sprayed onto the fairways to prevent a large volume of
                      this water being washed into maintenance facility storm drains (Rye-Wentworth Impact.
                      Assessment RepoM 1990).

                              6. Wildlife areas
                              There are two areas where wildlife may be prevalent within the growing area. One is
                      Odiorne State Park, and the other is. the extensive salt marshes of Seavey Creek and Berry Brook,
                      part of which is owned and managed by Odiorne State Park. Habitat areas in Little Harbor have


                                                                        6









             been mapped (Figure 5).
                    Mammals living within the growing area include whitetail deer, beaver, fox, mink, otter,
             muskrat, squirrels, chipmunks, rabbits, moles, voles, rats, mice, bats, shrews, weasels, skunks
             and raccoons (Seacoast Science Center, 1992). Wildlife populations are not suspected to be large
             enough to impact water quality, especially considering that most of the shoreline is developed. In
             addition, the Little Harbor area is a seasonal stopover for many waterfowl and wading birds.
             Species commonly seen or heard during one or more seasons include common loon, grebes,
             cormorants,bittem, brant, Canada geese, mallard, eider, oldsquaw, scoters, common goldeneye,
             bufflehead, mergansers, hawks, kestrel, plovers, killdeer, yellowlegs, willet, sandpipers,
             godwits, turnstone, dunlin, snipe, gulls, terns, dovekie, owls, whip-poor-will, swift, kingfisher,
             woodpeckers, flicker,flycatchers, phoebe, kingbird,.swallows, jays, crows, chickadee,
             nuthatches, wrens, kinglets, wheatear thrushes, robin, catbird, mockingbird, cedar waxwing,
             starling, vireos, warblers, parula, warblers, redstar, yellowthroat, grosbeak, towhee, sparrows
             blackbird, grackle, orioles, finches, crossbill, goldfinch, and a large variety of less common birds.
             Quantitative assessments of birds, waterfowl and wildlife populations are not available so it is not
             known what effect they may have on water quality in the growing area.

                    7. Industrial wastp,
                    There are no industrial activities on the shores of the survey area. Small scale, light
             manufacturing is practiced in Portsmouth and along the Piscataqua River, well outside of the
             growing area. However, the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, located in Kittery directly across the
             river from the mouth of the Back Channel, has been the site of significant historical storage and use
             of toxic contaminants. An enviro  'nmental assessment of the shipyard and surrounding estuarine
             habitats has shown some elevated levels of some toxic compounds in depositional areas and some
             biota (USEPA/NCCOSC, 1994). Little evidence of actual toxic effects on biota was apparent.
                    The Coakley Landfill is located in North Hampton 6 miles up the freshwater portion of
             Berry Brook. It received municipal and industrial wastes from the Portsmouth and Pease Air
             Force Base area between 1972-1985. In 1983, the NHDES found groundwater and surface water
             contamination with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at numerous sites in the area (see Hughes
             and Brown, 1995). The site was added to the USEPA National Priority List in 1983, ranked
             number 680. The site has undergone remediation, yet VOCs are still being detected in some
             locations near the landfill (1993 EPA data). This became a concern of the Town of Rye, and they
             undertook a small investigation of water quality along the whole length of Berry Brook. They
             sampled twice during the spring of 1995, and had samples from 9 sites along the stream, from the
             Coakley Landfill to the estuary, analyzed for a wide range of contaminants (Hughes and Brown,
             1995). These included 10 metals, 60 VOCs, 20 pesticides and 7 PCBs. None of the toxic organic
             compounds were detected in any sample. The metals were all present at low concentrations or
             undetectable. They found dissolved oxygen to be low near the landfill, but satisfactory at other
             sites. Suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, and fecal indicator bacteria
             concentrations were all low.
                    The Little Harbor and the Great Bay/Piscataqua River Estuary areas have been subject to
             significant historical industrial contamination, and the prevalence of urban areas along the
             shorelines poses potential continued nonpoint source pollution by toxic compounds. The Gulf of
             Maine Council on the Marine Environment has conducted a musselwatch monitoring program,
             called Gulfwatch, at sites throughout the Gulf of Maine for the last 5 years (GOMCME, 1992;
             1994; in press). Short- and long-term exposure of mussels to toxic inorganic and organic
             contaminants have been determined at sites that include Little Harbor and some nearby sites like
             Shapleigh Island in the Back Channel, Odiorne Point, and Clark Cove on Seavey Island (Figure
             4). Contaminant concentrations in tissue samples from mussels collected at these sites are
             summarized in Table 7, along with FDA "edible portion" limits. Also included are tissue
             concentrations for mussels collected from the same sites as part of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard


                                                               7









                       assessment (USEPA/NCCOSC, 1994) during approximately the same time frame for comparison.
                       Sample results from Brave Boat Harbor and Hampton Harbor are also included as reference sites
                       where there are few or no known contamination sources. None of the tissue concentrations for
                       mussels from Little Harbor during 1991 and 1992 were above the FDA guideline levels. Lead and
                       mercury concentrations were somewhat elevated and closest to FDA guideline levels. This is
                       consistent with known historical contamination in the area. The metal concentrations are similar to
                       levels found at Shapleigh Island and Clark Cove, and somewhat higher than concentrations at the
                       two reference sites at Brave Boat Harbor and Hampton Harbor. For organic compounds, Little
                       Harbor tissue concentrations were lower than those at Shapleigh I. and Clark Cove, and higher
                       than those at Odiorne Pt., Hampton Harbor and Brave Boat Harbor. Overall, none of the sites
                       have higher levels of contaminants that would indicate close proximity to a source of
                       contamination. The levels at Little Harbor were somewhat higher than the 'reference' sites.
                       However, comparison of levels at those 'reference' sites to other sites in the Gulf of Maine covered
                       by Gulfwatch and by the National Status and Trends Musselwatch Project, as well as other sites
                       throughout the US (Gotthohn and Turgeon, 1992) indicates that these sites are not true reference
                       sites because other sites have much lower levels of contaminants. Gottholm and Turgeon (1992)
                       found mussels from the Great Bay Estuary to have Hg and Pb levels well above the 50th percentile
                       level for all sites in the NS&T project. There were a number of sites from the Gulf of Maine that
                       also grouped higher than the 50th percentile level, essentially all of which were located in New
                       Hampshire and southward, i.e., nearest to the large urban population center of Boston. This
                       suggests that the whole area is exposed to somewhat elevated levels of contaminants, with no
                       contaminants present in Little Harbor at levels above critical limits.

                       IV. Hydrographic and Meteorological Characteristics

                       A. Tides: Type and circulation
                               The study area experiences diurnal tides. Mean tidal height is 2.4 m and ranges from 2.09
                       m to 3.36 m depending on celestial configuration. There is one entrance to the Harbor located
                       between Frost Point to the south and Jaffrey Point to the north. The channel mouth is 230 m wide,
                       being constricted by jetties at both the northern and southern sides. The harbor entrance faces
                       southeast due to the positioning of the jetties. The primary source of freshwater discharge into the
                       study area is from Berrys Brook, while lesser amounts of freshwater enter the area from Witch
                       Creek and Seavey Creek. However, the latter two primarily drain tidal wetlands and have
                       relatively small watersheds. Additional freshwater can enter the study area via Sagamore Creek
                       and the Back Bay Area of the Piscataqua River. Sagamore Creek also primarily drains tidal
                       wetlands while the waters of the Back Bay are composed of mixed estuarine discharge from the
                       Piscataqua/Great Bay Estuary. Average water volume in the study area was calculated from
                       bathymetric charts to be 8.7 x 105 m3 at low tide and 19.93 x 105 m3 at high tide. Partial
                       stratification may occur in the study area during time of heavy rainfall and runoff. The
                       stratification is generally short lived, since watershed areas that drain into Little Harbor are
                       relatively small. Vertical profiles of temperature and salinity were measured at six stations during
                       ebb and flood tides in May of 1996. Rainfall and runoff during the period preceding the
                       measurements was greater than average. A spatial salinity gradient was found throughout all
                       stages of the tide on sarnpling days with the greatest differential of nearly 10 ppt measured at low
                       slack tide between the station at the Pioneer Road Bridge to the Harbor Mouth. With the exception
                       of the Pioneer Road Bridge station and Sheafes Point, temporal salinity changes were small
                       throughout the tidal cycle for all stations. Vertical profiles (Table 8) indicate that the channels are
                       vertically well mixed. The greatest differential in salinity (4 ppt in 4 meters) occurred at the Harbor
                       mouth station at the early stages of the flood tide when the denser oceanic water was flowing in at
                       depth and the less saline waters were still flowing out on the surface. The smallest vertical
                       differential occurred at the Rte 1 B Bridge channel and the Pioneer Road Bridge stations.


                                                                           8









                      Surface tidal velocity and direction was measured at six stations in the study area on both
              flood and ebb tides. Stations were chosen to represent either the most important points of inflow
              and outflow as well as the location of potential pollution sources. The location of velocity and
              direction measurement stations appear in Figure 6 and data is presented in Table 9. Though tidal
              velocity will approach zero at the time of slack ebb and flood, the values presented in Table 9
              represent the minimum velocities measured during the study. Greatest current velocities were
              measured at the channel under the Rte 1B bridge. Ebb velocities were slightly greater than flood
              and ranged from 7 to 120 cm/s with an average of 80 cm/s on the ebb and 75 cm/s on flooding
              tide. Flow in the study area appears to be dominated by this channel in addition to the net inward
              and outward flow of water through the Harbor entrance.
                      Tidal currents at the remaining stations ranged from 2 to 55 cm/s. The average velocities
              (in cm/s) were similar at the Harbor Mouth (27 Flood, 30 ebb), the center of the mooring field (20
              flood, 23 ebb), Sheafes Point (19 flood, 25 ebb), and the Pioneer Road Bridge (20 flood, 28 ebb)
              the Wentworth Marine fuel dock (25 flood, 30 ebb). The direction of flow in the channels
              generally followed the configuration of the channels. There is a lag time of approximately 45
              minutes between slack low water from the harbor mouth to the bridge at Pioneer Road.
                      Though not established as a measurement station, ebb current flow was measured at the
              center of the boat slip area at the Wentworth Marina. The pattern of flow is generally a slow (< 8
              cm/s) outward movement of water in a direction perpendicular to the shoreline until the water mass
              reaches the outside areas of the floating docks. As the water reaches the main ebb flow and mixes
              with the channel waters, it the velocity increases rapidly and flows in a northeasterly direction
              toward the channel mouth.

              B. Rainfall: Amounts, seasonality and frequency of significant rainfalls
                  . Listed below are monthly and yearly total inches of rainfall from January, 1993 to June,
              1996. Rain gauge measurements from Durham, NH, were obtained from Dr. Barry Keim. and
              Robert Adams, the present and former NH State Climatologists. The frequency of rainfall events
              05748 h are noted in parentheses.

                              1993                    1994                     1995                    1996
              January         1.62(l)                 4.88(5)                  4.45(4)                 2.74(2)
              February        2.77(3)                 1.60(l)                  2.76(3)                 1.59(1)
              March           4.63(3)                 5.46(4)                  1.87(l)                 2.49(4)
              April           4.80(7)                 2.76(2)                  1.85(l)                 6-.64(6)
              May             0.73(0)                 4.02(4)                  2.74(3)                 3.64(3)
              June            2.44(l.)                1.73(l)                  1.92(l)                 1.86(l)
              July            1.49(l)                 2.20(l)                  3.79(3)
              August          2.21(3)                 4.05(3)                  2.72(2)
              September       4.19(5)                 7.26(3)                  2.79(3)
              October         3.08(3)                 0.19(0)                  6.53(4)
              November        3.81(4)                 2.88(2)                  7.41(4)
              December        5.58(3)                 5.55(3)                  2.46(2)

              Yearly total    37.35(34)               42.61(29)                41.29(31)               18.96(17)
              Yearly mean     33.11 (2.8)             3.55 (2.4)               3.44 (2.6)              3.16(2.8)

              Overall mean monthly rainfall: 3.34", with 2.6 rainfall events/month >0.5"/48 h

              Monthly precipitation ranged from 0. 19 inches in October, 1994, to 7.41 inches in November,
              1995. There were a total of 111 1-2 day rainfall events with >0.5" rain in 48 h. These events
              were relatively evenly distributed during the months when shellfish could be harvested


                                                                  9









                      (September-June). The sampling (29 samples) conducted for water quality monitoring by DPHS
                      included I of these I 11 events and auxiliary sampling (11 samples) by JEL included 2 of the 35
                      such events that occurred during the study period.

                      C. Winds
                             Winds affecting the growing area tend to come from the north and northwest in the fall and
                      winter months and from the southwest during spring and summer months. Northeasterly winds
                      are typical of storms. Wind-driven waves can greatly affect current direction and speed, especially
                      in the shallower areas of Little Harbor. Northeast winds tend to restrict ebb currents, holding
                      water in the harbor, while southwest winds restrict flood currents from flowing into some of the
                      southern portion of the growing area. Wind waves may influence grain-size distributions and
                      sediment transport within the growing area. Current velocities at the sediment surface can become
                      greater than tidal current velocities as a result of wind waves, especially in the shallower areas of
                      the growing area where overall tidal current strength tends to be low. In general, the effects of tidal
                      currents throughout the area may at times be significantly modified by wind-driven currents.
                              Wind waves that. influence the bottom can also resuspend sediments, increasing turbidity
                      levels and particle-associated contaminants above those produced by regular tidal currents alone.
                      Surface sediment samples were collected from seven sites around the harbor in May, 1996 to
                      determine the potential for sediment-associated bacteria to influence water quality by resuspension
                      during wind events. The seven sites were along a transect extending from the southern upper
                      harbor area in Seavey Creek out through the harbor to the flat along the north shoreline near the
                      mouth (SS 1-6; Figure 4). The data are presented in Table 10 and illustrated in Figure 7.
                      Concentrations of sediment-associated fecal coliforms and C. perfringens increased from the
                      Seavey Creek (SS 1) flat out to the Triangle Flat (SS5 A&B) near the Rt. IB bridge, then decreased
                      to the lowest levels tested in the Wentworth flat (SS6) near the harbor mouth. Levels of fecal
                      coliforms ranged from 3/100 g dry sediment at the Wentworth Flat to 218/100 g at the Triangle
                      Flat. Whereas these levels are relatively low, their spatial distribution suggests that recent fecal-
                      bome bacteria accumulate in the sediments, especially around the Triangle Flat. The C.
                      per
                        firingens data illustrate long-term accumulation of fecal-bome bacteria. Ile concentrations
                      ranged from 1990/100 g at the Wentworth Flat to 318,000/100 g at the Triangle Flat. The
                      relationship between fecal coliform and C. per
                                                                   firingens levels was relatively close, with a
                      correlation coefficient of r2--0.74 (P--0.06). The similar spatial pattern for concentrations of both
                      indicators supports the observation that fecal-bome contaminants apparently accumulate in the
                      sediments, especially around the Triangle FlaL
                             Significant wind events coupled with the right currents could cause resuspension of the
                      sediments at depositional areas like Triangle Flat and result in elevated contaminants in the water
                      column of other parts of the survey area, with potential contamination of shellfish. The
                      relationship between fecal coliforms in sediments and in soft shell clams was determined at five of
                      the seven sites, using the May, 1996 sediment data and clam tissue data from August/September,
                      1995 (Table 10). Figure 8 shows the relative concentrations of fecal coliforms along a transect of
                      sites from Seavey Creek to Wentworth Flat near the mouth of the harbor. The relative levels of
                      fecal coliforms in shellfish are higher than in the sediment, reflected in the different y-axis units in
                      Figure 8. The spatial trends for both media are similar, illustrated by the significant correlation
                      coefficient for paired fecal coliform, data of r2--0.95 (P--0.01). This suggests that the Triangle Flat
                      area is an area where fecal-borne bacteria accumulate and can be taken up by clams in the
                      sediments. It is not known if the clam tissue levels are influenced by sediment-associated bacteria
                      or if the bacteria are taken directly from elevated levels in the water column in the Triangle Flat area
                      and accumulated. However, relatively low levels of FC have been detected in water from the
                      channel under the bridge, suggesting that either uptake from the water column is not the
                      mechanism, that there is no relationship in FC levels between clam tissue and water, or that water
                      sampling was timed such that elevated levels of FC were not detected. Ile clams were sampled on


                                                                      10









             days that had followed dry weather, suggesting that elevated levels were not associated with
             stormwater during recent rainfall events. Blue mussels from near the RL IB bridge across the
             channel from the Triangle Flat also had relatively elevated levels (3000/100 g) of fecal coliforms
             (Table 10). However, they were sampled on 817/95 following 2.42" of rainfall during the
             previous 4 days. Even though the FC in water in the channel on that day were low (20/100 n-A), it
             is likely that the elevated levels in the epibenthic mussels may have been caused by contaminants in
             stormwater that had accumulated during the previous days.

             D. River Discharges: Volumes and seasonality
                     There are no major tributaries that empty into Little Harbor. The largest tributary is Berry
             Brook in Rye, which flows into the Harbor on the southern boundary along with the smaller
             Seavey and Witch Creeks. Sagamore Creek is an extensive tidal creek that flows into the Back
             Channel area just to the west of the Rt. I B bridge. Most of the non-oceanic water that flows into
             Little Harbor enters through the channel below the Rt. I bridge, so Sagamore Creek could
             potentially influence water quality in the Harbor. All of these tributaries exhibit increased flow in
             the springtime with snowmelt and the elevated water table conditions associated with the frequent
             spring rains that occur.

             E. Actual or Potential Effects of Transport on Pollution to the Harvest Area
                      With the recent upgrading of the Portsmouth WWTP, there is only one remaining
             significant potential point sources of fecal contamination in coastal NH (NHDES, 1994). This is
             the CSO in Portsmouth that discharges to South Mill Pond which outlets to the Piscataqua River.
             When significant rainfall events occur, the CSO can overflow and untreated sewage combined with
             stormwater can potentially contaminate the Back Channel area, which could influence water quality
             in Little Harbor. The conditions for this to happen have not been studied, so the potential for
             contamination of the area being classified in Little Harbor by contaminants from the CSO is
             hypothetical at present.
                     Nonpoint source pollution is probably the major source of fecal contamination to the
             classified area. Nonpoint source pollution could enter the area as either urban runoff, stormwater,
             shoreline development, on-site septic systems, wildlife, boats, or golf course runoff. Stream flow
             from tributaries entering the area carries some of the annual precipitation to the tidal waters. The
             less saline water of the tributaries is well mixed within the water colunui and diluted upon entering
             the respective harbor and tidal tributaries. Figure 9 shows levels of FC in water along three
             transects from three areas with tributaries at their upper reaches. In Witch Creek and Berrys
             Brook/Seavey Creek, the relatively high FC levels upstream in the tidal portion appear to have little
             influence on water quality downstream. The extremely small freshwater stream at the head of
             Pioneer Cove has low levels of FC, and does not contaminate downstream waters.
                     Elevated FC levels may result from contaminated stormwater associated with significant
             rainfall events. The impact of one storm event (2.68" rain in 24 h) on November 15, 1995 on FC
             concentrations in the classified area can be seen in Table 2. This storm followed two other storm
             >0.5" rainfall during the previous week. FC values were significantly elevated throughout the
             area, ranging from 1051100 ml at the mouth of the harbor to 3350/100 ml in Witch Creek. The
             next highest levels were found in the other tributaries, including Seavey Creek, Berry Brook and
             the Back Channel water entering under the bridge. Samples collected on 11/28/95 by DPHS after
             only 0.47" of rain had fallen in the following 13 day period had much lower levels, ranging from
             4.5/100 ml at the harbor mouth to 23/100 ml in Witch Creek. These data suggest that rainfall
             events can cause elevated levels of contaminants to enter the classified area from the tributaries, and
             these contaminants are eventually attenuated throughout the area during ensuing dry weather.
                     Transport of fecal-borne contaminants associated with freshwater in tributaries is dictated to
             a large extent by tidal mixing. Tidal currents act to disperse contaminants within the growing area
             by providing a well mixed water column. Since the growing area is subject to daily tidal influence,


                                                               I









                       contaminants are continuously being flushed from the system on outgoing tides. Contaminant
                       travel throughout the growing area is mostly confined to the main channels with limited lateral flow
                       and dispersion to shoreline areas during higher tides. With each incoming fide, a volume of water
                       much greater than that present at low tide returns to Little Harbor from the ocean, producing
                       significant dilution of contaminants that may be present. Water returning to the growing area on an
                       incoming tide probably still contains some contamination carried out with ebb tides, which could
                       be significant just after low tide. Water samples were collected from four sites during two tidal
                       cycle studies. At the mouth of the harbor (TI), FC levels were relatively low, but highest at low
                       tide (Figure 10), decreasing to very low levels at mid ebb and low tides. The intermediate levels at'
                       mid-rising tide could reflect the return water composed of a mixture of contaminants discharged out
                       of the harbor at low tide with contaminant-free ocean water. At Sheafes Point (T6), the channel
                       under the RL I B bridge (T 13) and at the Rt. 1 A bridge (T 14), FC were again highest at low tide,
                       with relatively lower levels at the other tidal stages (Figure 10). For all four sites, FC levels were
                       always highest at low tide, confirn-iing the typical assumption that low tide is the adverse tidal
                       condition for water quality. No significant contaminant transport from sources other than the
                       tributaries was apparent from the data.

                       V. Water Quality Studies

                       A. Map of sampling stations
                               Figure 3 shows the sites established by the NH Division of Public Health Services in order
                       monitor the water quality of the growing area. Of the 11 sites, 5 are actually in the potential
                       growing area and 6 are in areas that may affect water quality in the area. Several. sampling sites
                       have been added to the area since the last survey was performed in 1991. They are: T14, which
                       was added to give a better representation of water quality in the southern portion of the Little
                       Harbor, I.M, which reflects the water quality conditions around Wentworth Marina; and WC I and
                       T7, which give data for upstream portions of the two tributaries directly entering the area. Thus, 2
                       of the 5. sites (40%) within the growing area are new since last year. All of the additional sampling
                       sites fill gaps in spatial coverage and provide data necessary for classifying all of the potential clam
                       flats in the area.

                       B. Sampling plan justification
                               Systematic random sampling was used to obtain all water samples at low tide. Samples
                       were therefore obtained under both normal and adverse conditions. Other water quality studies for
                       other areas in coastal New Hampshire have shown differences in fecal coliform counts at high and
                       low tide, with low tide being the adverse tidal condition.

                       C. Sample data analysis
                               The database for sampling sites in to the potential growing area (TI, T6, T13, T14, L112)
                       and other sites in the survey area (T5, T7, T8, T9, T10, WCI) are presented in Table 3. Included
                       in the table are the fecal coliform concentrations/100 nil for each station and sampling date, the
                       geometric mean FC concentrations, the number of samples collected and the 90th percentile score.
                       The site numbers may be cross referenced with Figure 3 for exact geographic location. No site has
                       the minimum of 30 recent samples required for data analysis for classification (NSSP, 1993). The         '
                       results of the data analysis indicate that sites T 1, T 13, T 14, and LH2 in the survey area and T5,
                       T8 and 19 in the Back Channel area meet the requirements for approved classification using the
                       Systematic Random Sampling Program (i.e. geometric mean < 14 FC/100 ml and the 90th
                       percentile < 43 FC/100ml; NSSP, 1993). Site T6 at Sheafes Point in the survey area meets the
                       criteria for geometric mean but just misses for 90th percentile. Site T7 is a freshwater site. Sites
                       WC1 and T10 satisfy the criteria for restricted waters. If the'FC value at T6 for 11/29/94 (when
                       1.48" of rain fell in two days) is omitted based on a rainfall condition (see below), then the


                                                                          12









             calculated value for the 90th percentile would be 34.3, meeting the criteria.

             VI. Interpretation of Data in Determining Area Classification

             A. Meteorological and hydrographic effects on bacterial loading
                  , The classification of the growing waters depends on the 90th percentile value calculated for
             water quality data. This value assumes that intermittent pollution events are unknown and random.
             One potentially identifiable and definable condition that may be a consistent cause of pollution is
             rainfall-associated runoff. Table 11 shows the number of DPHS or JEL samples collected from
             the proposed growing area (sites Tl, T6, T13, T14, and LH2) associated with rainfall events of
             >0.63" of rainfall during a 48 hour time period and samples where:50.63 inches fell. In addition,
             the number of samples that had fecal coliform concentrations >43/100 ml are also noted for each
             condition. Overall, there were 29 DPHS and 11 JEL sample events (40 total) for which data were
             collected for one or more sites within the classified area. Of these sample dates, 2 occurred at
             times where >0.63" rain fell in 48 h, both of which had samples with FC >43/100 ml. For these 2
             events there were 8 water samples analyzed at the 5 sites, 7 of which had FC >43/100 ml. These
             events had 1.48" (11/29/94; DPHS) and 2.76" (11/15/95; JEL) of rain in 48 h. Overall, the 8
             samples collected during the other 2 events had FC ranging from 33-890/100 ml, with 6 samples
             having >100 FC/100 ml. Both events occurred in November when approved clam flats are
             typically open. During another event where 0.63" rain fell in 48 h (8n195; JEL), the 1 critical site
             (T 13) sampled had 20 FC/I 00 ml. The data suggest that the more severe (> 1 "/48 h) storms can
             significantly impact water quality in the survey area during critical periods.
                     The 43 FC/100 ml value was violated on 6 of the 38 dates following periods where 0-0.63'
             rain fell in 48 h. There were 135 samples collected on these dates, and only 8 of these samples had
             FC >43/100 nil. These data suggest that pollution events are not always associated with rainfall.
             However, the frequency of samples having FC >43/100 ml (88% samples) is much greater during
             rainy (>1.4"/48 h) periods than the frequency (6% samples) during drier (0-0.63" rain/48h)
             periods. For both rainy events, every water sample had FC >30/100 ml, suggesting that rainy
             events have widespread and consistent negative impacts on water quality.
                     Follow-up studies should focus on a range of storin events to better define what types of
             rainfall events cause significant water quality impacts. In addition, studies should be conducted to
             define how long it takes the water quality to return to safe levels of FC following polluting events.
             In general, certain rainfall events appear to produce unfavorable effects on water quality that are
             consistent and definable in the classified area. Events that appear to significantly impact water
             quality are those that have >0.63 inches of rainfall within a 48 hour time period. Rainfall events
             with 0-0.63 " rain in 48 h do not show consistent or widespread effects in the survey area.

             B. Variability in the data and causes
                     Fecal coliform. concentrations >43/100 ml are of concern because they exceed the tolerance
             factor calculated to account for the inherent variation in the MPN test. This means that FC >43/100
             ml- should be rare (<5% of samples) in normally distributed values for water samples with a
             median concentration of 14 FC/100 ml. Thus, observations of higher FC values are indicative of
             intermittent environmental conditions that degrade water quality to an extent that results in a greater
             level of variance in data than what would be associated with the MPN test. As previously
             mentioned, there were 8 water samples collected on 6 sampling dates where FC were >43/100 ml
             and rainfall was <0.63"/48 h. The calculated 6% of all water samples being >43 FC/100 ml close
             to the theoretical 5% variability inherent in the MPN test. 'Me following discussion examines
             potentially definable causes for data variability.
                     Only 2 of the 8 water samples >43 FC/I 00 ml, both collected on 8/3/95 at LH2 and TI 3
             and analyzed by JEL, had FC >100/100 ml. Three of the six sampling dates with >43 FC,1100 ml
             occurred during summer months, and 4 of the 5 water samples collected on these dates were either


                                                                13










                       from LH2 or T13, both near the Wentworth Marina. It is suspected that some contamination could
                       have come from the marina during the summer when boat use is high and clam flats would
                       normally be closed. Two of the remaining 3 dates had FC of 79/100 ml at TI on 10/19/93 and
                       49/100 ml at LH2 on 1/30/96. The latter sample was collected on a day following a January thaw
                       period when the snow depth decreased from 12" to 1" in the previous 6 days. This suggests that
                       snowmelt could have had some influence on the water quality in the area, even though FC at T6,
                       T13 and T14 were <12/100 nil on the same date. The value of 79 FC/100 nil at T1 on 10/19/93
                       followed a 6-day period without rainfall. However, at T6 FC=33/100 ml and at T13 FC=23/100
                       ml. On both dates, FC at T8 in Sagamore Creek'were the highest recorded by DPHS at 230
                       FC/100 nil, suggesting that some event from that area could have had some influence on water
                       quality in Little Harbor. The remaining date was 12/7/93 when FC--46/100 nil at T6. This
                       sampling occurred after 1.7" rainfall fell on the date 2 days prior to sampling. Other sites (TI and
                       T13) sampled on 12/7/93 had FC <7/100 ml. 'Me overall low levels of FC detected during periods
                       where <1.4" of rainfall had occurred in the previous 48 h suggests that random, undefined events
                       that produce unsatisfactory FC levels (>43/100 ml) had only mild impacts on water quality in Little
                       Harbor. Whereas no definable condition associated with FC >43/100 ml were apparent (other than
                       rainfall events of >0.63"/48h), water quality conditions during snowmelt periods in January an
                       early springtime should be i  'nvestigated. Relatively significant rainfall events with >1 inch of
                       rainfall in 48 hours are a concern. Severe impacts on water quality have been documented in Great
                       Bay following heavy rainfall events of >4" during 48 h periods. This occurred twice during the
                       last six years as recorded by JEL scientists: once during Hurricane Bob in 1991 when 6.06" fell in
                       2 days, and once in September, 1994 after 4.22" of rain fell in 48 h. Both events caused
                       considerable contamination of the approved shellfish area in the Great Bay Estuary.

                       V11. Conclusions

                       A. Map showing classification
                               to be completed by DPHS
                       B. Legal description
                               to be completed by DPHS
                       C. Management plan
                               to be completed by DPHS
                       D. Recommendations for improvement of sanitary survey
                               In ensuing years, we recommend that sampling near the borders of the potential growing
                       area be expanded to include more sites at the southern boundary where there are expansive
                       mudflats and along transects, up into Witch Creek and Berry Brook to provide for more exact
                       classification relative to upstream contamination. A more detailed survey could also be expanded
                       into the extensive mudflat areas of Back Channel area out to the Piscataqua River. Obviously, the
                       influence of stormwater and runoff from the CSO and other sources in Portsmouth would need to
                       be thoroughly assessed. In addition, the eastern shoreline of the Back Channel, the Boatswain Hill
                       area in New Castle, has relatively dense houses with septic systems built typically 20-30 years
                       ago.
                               It is important to maintain a schedule that allows for frequent sampling at all routine sites.
                       At present, the number of samples that have been analyzed for the newer sites in the survey area
                       aft inadequate, i.e., there are <30 samples. Even for all of the longer-terin routine sites there are
                       <30 samples available for classification purposes. The tolerance factor level of 43 FC/100 ml can
                       be violated for a few samples and the 90th percentile linfit can still be met if the database includes a
                       significant proportion of low FC values. In other words, less frequent sampling may pose a
                       greater risk for a small number of high values forcing classification of approved areas to be
                       changed to a conditional classification. Conditional classifications require much more intensive
                       management and a great deal of effort to accurately define the exact condition under which areas


                                                                          14










             need to be closed. Thus, frequent sampling in areas typically unaffected by pollution events will
             most likely support the more desired approved classification.

             V111. References

             Gottholm, B.W. and D.D. Turgeon. 1992. Toxic Contaminants in the Gulf of Maine. National
             Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Oceanic Resources Conservation and
             Assessment, Rockville, MD. 12 pp.
             Hughes, R. and J.D. Brown. 1995. Water Quality Testing Along Berry Brook in Rye,
             Greenland, and Portsmouth. NH Office of State Planning, Concord, NH.

             National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP). 1993. Manual of Operations Part 1: Sanitation of
             Growing Areas. 1993 revision. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC.

             New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NEDES). 1995. Coastal Watershed
             Status report. New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH.

             New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES). 1994. State of New
             Hampshire 1994 Section 305(b) Water Quality Report. New Hampshire Department of
             Environmental Services, Concord, NH.

             New Hampshire Fish and Game Department (NHF&G). 1991. Coastal Shellfish and Water
             Quality: Progress report. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, Concord, NH.

             Seacoast Science Center. 1992. Exploring Odiome Point: A Guide to its Natural and Social
             History. Mawson, J.S. (Ed.). Friends of Odiorne Point, Rye, NH.

             Sowles, J., R. Crawford, J. Machell, G. Atkinson, P. Hennigar, S. Jones, J. Pederson, and K.
             Coombs. 1994. Evaluation of Gulfwatch: 1992 Pilot Project of the Gulf of Maine Marine
             Environmental Monitoring Plan. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment, Boston,
             MA.

             Sowles, J., R. Crawford, J. Machell, G. Atkinson, P. Hennigar, S. Jones, J. Pederson, and K.
             Coombs. 1992. Evaluation of Gulfwatch: 1991 Pilot Project of the Gulf of Maine Marine
             Environmental Monitoring Plan. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment, Boston,
             MA.

             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Naval Command, Control and Ocean
             Surveillance Center (USEPA/NCCOSC). 1994. Estuarine Ecological Risk Assessment of
             Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine. Technical report 1627. Naval Command, Control
             and Ocean Surveillance Center, San Diego, CA.

             Wentworth-Rye. 1990. Wentworth-by-the-Sea Golf Course. Wentworth-Rye Impact
             Assessment Report.







                                                             15










          Table 1. Potential pollution sources impacting the growing area with relevant sample sites.



          Site           Source                                      Water body       Impact    Relevant sample sites
          PS I           Wentworth marina                            Little Harbor    Direct          LH2, T13
          PS2            Wentworth condominiums stormwatef           Little Harbor    Direct             LH2
          PS3            Little Harbor mooring field                 Little Harbor    Direct        Tl, LH2, T13
          PS4            Wentworth golf course                       Little Harbor    Direct              T6
          PS5            Portsmouth WWTP                             Back Channel     Indirect            T5
          PS6            Portsmouth CSO                              Back Channel     Indirect            T9








         Table 2.                    Sample sites used to determine water, shellfish and
                                     sediment quality in the Little Harbor area.

         Sample site                 A gency      Location                                 Purpose
         Tl                          NH DPHS      mouth of Little Harbor, N breakwater     classify survey area
         T5                          NH DPHS      north channel, Goat Island bridae        classify survey area
         T6                          NH DPHS      Little Harbor at Sheafe's Point          classify survey area
         T7                          NH DPHS      Berry Brook at Brackett Rd.              classify survey area
         T8                          NE DPHS      Sagamore Creek, Mike's Marina            classify survey area
         T9                          NTH DPHS     Shapleigh Island bridge                  classify survey area
         TIO                         NH DPHS      Pierces Island bridge                    classify survey area
         T13                         NI-1 DPHS    Little Harbor bridge, US Rt. 113         classify survey area
         T14                         NH DPHS      Seavey Creek bridge, US Rt. 1A.          classify survey area
         LH2                         NI-I DPHS    Wentworth marina                         classify survey area
         WC1                         NH DPHS      Witch Creek, upstream E of Foyes Rd.     classify survey area
         WC2                         UNH/JEL      Witch Creek, golf course bridge          tributary water
         WC5                         UNH/JEL      Witch Creek, downstream of bridge        tributary water
         WC6                         UNH/JEL      Witch Creek, mouth                       tributary water
         PC1                         UNH/JEL      ditch on shore of Pioneer Cove, west     tributary water
         PC2                         UNH/JEL      ditch on shore of Pioneer Cove, south    tributary water
         PC4                         UNH/JEL      ditch on shore of Pioneer Cove, mouth    tributary water
         PC5                         UNH/JEL      Pioneer Cove, mouth                      tributary water
         SCI                         UNH/JEL      Seavey Creek, ditch on SW shoreline      tributary water
         SC2                         U N-H/J EL   Seavey Creek, ditch on SW shoreline      tributary water
         WRLI                        UNH/JEL      wetland ditch on Wild Rose Lane          tributary water
         SS1                         UNH/JEL      Seavey Creek clam flat, near mouth       sediment sample
         SS2                         UNH/JEL      Pioneer Cove mudflat, mouth              sediment sample
         SS3                         UNTH/JEL     Witch Creek mudflat                      sediment sample
         SS4                         UNH/JEL      Sheafe's Point mudflat                   sediment sample
         SS5A                        UN-H/JEL     Triangle clam flat, SW                   sediment sample
         SS5B                        UNH/JEL      Triangle clam flat, near bridge          sediment sample
         SS6                         UNH/JEL      Wentworth flat                           sediment sample
         Clam flat l/CF1             UNH/JEL      Odiorne Point State Park, SW shore       clam sample
         Clam flat 2/CF2             UNH/JEL      Odiorne Point State Park, N shore        clam sample
         Little Harbor/NHLH          UNH/JEL      bed near the mouth, NE shore             mussel sample
         Shapleigh I/NHSI            UNH/JEL      bed near bridge, NE shore of island      mussel sample
         Clark Cove/MECC             UNH/JEL      bed along SW corner of cove              mussel sample
         Hampton Harbor/NHHS         UNH/JEL      bed under US Rt I bridge on N side       mussel sample
         Brave Boat Harbor/MEBH UNH/JEL           bed along channel near mouth, S side     mussel sample
         Odiome Point/NHOP           UNH/JEL      bed in cove at SE comer of point         mussel sample









                        Table 3.            Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 ml) in
                                         water samples analyzed by NHDPHS: 1/93-6/96.


                                                                                                                                        Durham rainfall
                                                                                                                                        (in/24h) in time
                                                                                                                                       prior to sampling
                        Site                TI       T5      T6      T7       T8      T9       TIO        T13   T14 LH2 WCI             48      24     0
                        Date*
                                 3/2/93     1.8      2                        2       1.8      7.8                                     0.01     0      0
                                 4/6/93     31       6.8     6.8              17      6.8      49         7.8                          0.06     0      0
                                 5/4/93     2        2       7.8              4.5     2        4          13                            0       0      0
                                 6/8/93     23       1.8     33               17      13       17         21                           0.47     0      0
                                 7/6/93     2        1.8     64               17      33       33         70                            0       0      0
                                9/14/93     1.8      7.8     4.5              11      17       49         2                             0       0      0
                               10/19/93     79       6.8     33               230     2        17         23                           0.04     0      0
                                12/7/93     6.8      22      46               13      22       23         4.5                           1.7     0      0
                                1/11/94     13                                49               17                                       0       0      0
                                 4/5/94     1.8      1.8     4.5              1.8     2        130        7.8                           0     0.23     0
                                 6/7/94     6.8      1.8     21               48      11       7.8        1.8                           0       0      0
                                7/19/94     1.8      2       23               33      1.8      49         4                             0       0      0
                                8/16/94     1.8      1.8     2                2       1.8      49         6.8                           0       0    0.33
                                9/20/94     4.5      7.8     17               26      110      33         13                           0.77     0      0
                               10/18/94     14       2       1.8              7.8     23       13                                       0       0      0
                               11/29/94     49       70      280              79      130      3500       33                            0     1.37   0.11
                                6/19/95     1.8      1.8     33               6.8              46         4                             0       0      0
                                 7/5/95     4.5      2       4.5              2       49       17         2                             0       0      0
                               10/17/95                              330                                                2       46     0.91     tr   0.01
                               10/31/95     1.8      7.8     13      130      23      11       4          2     7.8     2               tr      tr     tr
                               11/28/95     4.5      7.8     6.8     13       7.8     2        6.8        4.5   7.8     7.8     23      0       0    0.01
                               12/19/95     1.8      1.8     1.8     11       1.8     1.8      2          1.8   2       2       170     tr      0      0
                                1/30/96              79      6.8     13       230     14       23         11    11      49      17     0.09     0    0.08
                                2/27/96     1.8      4.5     4.5     2        11      1.8      21         1.8   4.5     6.8     58      0       0      0
                                3/26/96     1.8      2       4.5     9.3              13       11         2     4.5     2       2       0       0    0.01
                                4/29/96     1.8      2       17      17               33       95         2     7.8     7.8     790    0.03     0    0.21
                                5/28/96     1.8      1.8     1.8     4.5              2        4.5        1.8   1.8     1.8     180     0       0      0
                                6/18/96     4.5              4.5                                          4.5   11      4.5     4.5     0       0      0
                                6/25/96,    2        230     1.8     33               2,       49         1.8   1.8     6.8     2      0.18     0    0.1
                        Geometric mear      4.2      4.7     9.5     18.1     13.3    7.7      22.8       5.2   4.9     4.6     29.2
                        Std. deviation      3.2      3.1     3.6     4.9      4.2     4.1      4.3        2.9   2.1     2.7     7.4
                        n                   27       26      26      10       23      25       27         25    10      11      10.0
                        #>43/100 ml,        2        2       3       2        5       3        8          1     0       1       5.0
                        %>43/100 ml         7.4      7.7     11.5    20.0     21.7    12.0     29.6       4.0   0.0     9.1     50.0
                        90th percentile     18.7     17.2    49.3    127.9    84.0    50.3     143.2      20.4  12.4    16.5    380.51

                         Samples analyzed for 6/19/95 through 11/28/95 were reported as " DES -LAB           values.







           Table 4.             Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 ml) in water samples analyzed by
                                JEL: 7/95-6/96, and 24 h rainfall amounts on and before sampling dates.



                                                                                                                      Durham rainfall (in/24h)
                                                                                                                   in time prior to sampling date
           Site                      TI        T6         T7        T8        T13        T14       LH2        WC1      48h        24h        0
           Date
                        7/20/95      1                    2         20        35         0.5       51         5        0.26       tr         0
                          8/3/95     30                   45.5      50        385        22        173        39        0         0         0.22
                          817/95                          126                 20                                       0.95       0.44      0.19
                        8/22/95      -                                        10         1.5       9.5                  0         0          0
                        9/15/95      1         1          1         2         4          3.5       27         1        0.15       0          0
                        9/21/95      0.9       6          0.9       0.9       11         5         2          17        0         0          0
                        10/5/95      0.9                  9         440       4          20        17         40        0.3       0.3       0.01
                       11115195      105       154        980                 460        860       294        3350      0         0.08      2.68
                        2/27/96      1         6          4         12        1          2         5.5        130       0         0          0
                          5/9/96     9         12                             38         20.5                           0         0          0
                        5/28/96      0.5       2.5                            1.5                  3.5                  0         M          tr
                        5/30/96      3         8          250                 5.5        15.5      2.5        56        tr        0         0.33
                        6/10/96      0.5       4          124       3.5       3.5        18        3          34        0         tr        0.1
                        6/18/96      9.5       19         52                  7.5        12.5      33.5       10        0         0          0
                        6/25/96      0.5       1          24                  2          5         1.5        12       0.18       0         0.1
           Geometric mean            2.4       6.3        22.2      11.9      10.9       9.2       12.4       29.2
           Standard deviation        5.6       4.4        9.7       8.2       6.2        6.1       5.6        7.8
           n                         13        10         12        7         15         13        13         11
           # > 43/100 ml             1         1          6         2         2          1         2          2
           % > 43/100 ml             7.7       10.0       50.0      28.6      13.3       7.7       15.4       18.2









                      Table 5.             Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 ml)
                                           in tributary sites during dry periods in June, 1996.



                      WITCH CREEK
                                              Witch Creek        Witch Creek        Witch Creek        Witch Creek
                                                upstream         golf course        downstream             mouth
                                                                    bridge           from bridge
                      Site                         WC1               WC2                 WC5               WC6
                      Date
                                 6/10/96            34                 2                  1.8                4
                                 6/18/96            10
                      Geometric mean               29.2                2.0                1.8               4.0


                      PIONEER COVE
                                             Pioneer Cove        Pioneer Cove       Pioneer Cove       Pioneer Cove
                                               ditch west         ditch south            ditch             mouth

                                                                                     near mouth
                      Site                         PCI                PC2                PC4                PC5
                      Date
                                 6/10/96             2                 2
                                 6/18/96             6                 0.5                2                  4
                      Geometric mean                3.5                1.0                2.0               4.0


                      BERRY BROOK/SEAVEY CREEK
                                                  Berry         Seavey Creek       Seavey Creek
                                                  Brook           ditch west         ditch west
                                                                                    downstream
                      Site                          T7                sci                SC2
                      Date
                                 6/10/96           124
                                 6/18/96            52                 2                  2
                      Geometric mean               22.2                2.0                2.0


                      WILD ROSE LANE WETLAND
                                               Wild Rose
                                                   Lane

                                                wetland
                      Site                        WRL1
                      Date
                                 6/10/96
                                 6/18/96            6
                      Geometric mean                6









         Table 6.         Dissolved nitrate, ammonium and ortho-phosphate concentrations
                           (@iM) at Little Harbor sites along the shoreline of the
                           Wentworth- by- the-Sea golf course: May-June, 1996.



         Site             Nitrate          AmmonILIM         Phosphate
                 5/16/96
         T6                           5.87            1.82             0.41


         WC6                          3.62            6.56             0.32


         PC5                          3.19            2.93             0.49


                 6/10/96
         T6                               I











           Table 7.        Tissue concentrations for metal (ppm; gg/g DW) and organic (ppb; ng/g DW) contaminants in
                            blue mussels from areas in and around Little Harbor: 1991-94.


                                                1991-92          1991-92          1992               1993            1991-94 Ave.             1993 Ave.
                                              Little Harbor    Shapleigh 1. Odiome Point Hampton Harbor Clark Cove/Seavey 1. Brave Boat Harbor
                                 FDA        Rye/,New Castle Portsmouth             Rye        Hampton Beach             Kittery                Kittery
           Metal (ppm)       guideline*            NH               NH             NH                NH                    ME                     ME
           Ag                                      0.5              0.1                              0.1                   0.2                    0.4
           Al                                      340              370                              94                    190                    135
           Cd                     25               2.1              1.8                              2.1                   2.0                    2.6
           Cr                     87               6.6              7.8                              1.6                   3.7                    3.7
           CU                                      46               55                               6.4                   8.3                    7.0
           Fe                                      440              630                              270                   640                    680
           Hg                     1                0.5              0.5                              0.5                   0.4                    0.2
           Ni                     533              3.6              3.0                              1.4                   2.2                    2.9
           Pb                     11.5             4.7              4.6                              2.4                   6.2                    2.3
           Zn                                      240              150                              120                   110                    99
           % solids                                10.4             12.0                             16.5                  14.3                   12.5


           Organic compound (ppb)
           PCBs                 13,000             32               51              32               9.6                   66                     3.2
           PAHs                                    170              380            130               71                    330                    170
           Cl'd Pesticides     -2,000              15.1             17.9           8.8               4.2                   11.8                   ND
              Established action limits in fish and shellfish (USFDA, 1990; 1993).




                                                        TABLE 8. Water Column Stratification in the Study Area
                     FLOOD TIDE 5/9/96


                     Station                                   Depth Range          Temperature           Salinity           Temp Differential             Salinity Differential
                                                               Measured (m)             Range               Range            Bottom to surface              Bottom to surface

                     Harbor Mouth                                  3.5-6.0              5.5-8.1           22.8-26.8                 2.60C                           4 ppt

                     Center of Mooring Field                       3.0-5.5              5.5-7.8           23.1-26.1                 2.30C                           3 ppt

                     Marina Fuel Dock                              3.0-5.5              5.8-8.8           23.9-26.9                   30C                           3 ppt

                     Rte 1B Bridge                                 3.0-5.5              5.5-8.0           25.1-26.8                 2.50C                          1.7 ppt

                     Sheafes Point                                 0.5-3.0              5.5-8.0             24-27                   2.50C                           3 ppt

                     Pioneer Road Bridge                           1.0-3.0              9.3-10.0          21.9-22.2                 0.70C                          0.31 ppt



                     EBB TIDE 5/16196


                     Station                                   Depth Range          Temperature           Salinity        Max Temp, Differential MaxSalinity Differential
                                                               Measured (m)             Range               Range            Bottom to surface              Bottom to surface

                     Harbor Mouth                                  3.5-6.0              8.9-11              24.2-26                 2.10C                          1.8 ppt

                     Center of Mooring Field                       3.0-5.5                7.5-8             24-25                   0.50C                           1 ppt

                     Marina Fuel Dock                              3.0-5.5                8.0-9           23.8-24.8                  1 OC                           1 ppt

                     Rte 1B Bridge                                 3.0-5.5                8-8.8             24-24.8                 0.8 OC                         0.8 ppt

                     Sheafes Point                                 0.5-3.0              10.8-11             21-25                   0.2 OC                         0.2 ppt

                     Pioneer Road Bridge                           1.0-3.0              11.2-12           15.9-24.2                 0.8 OC                         0.2 ppt







                                      Table 9. TIDAL CIRCULATION IN THE STUDY AREA



                 FLOOD TIDE CIRCULATION


                 Station                        Direction (magnetic) Velocity Range cm/sec Avg. Velocity cin/sec

                 Harbor Mouth (1)                         1600                   8 to 40                      27


                 Center of Mooring Field (2)              800                    7 to 32                      20


                 Marina Fuel Dock (3)                     900                    6 to 40                      25


                 Rte 1 A Bridge (4)                       1650                   13-115                       75


                 Sheafes Point (5)                        500                    2 to 25                      19


                 Pioneer Road Bridge (6)                  3300                   7 to 30                      20



                 EBB TIDE CIRCULATION


                 Station                        Direction (magnetic) Velocity Range cm/sec Avg. Velocity cm/sec

                 Harbor Mouth (1)                         3420                   7 to 45                      30


                 Center of Mooring Field (2)              2700                   3 to 32                      23

                 Marina Fuel Dock (3)                     2800                   6 to 55                      30


                 Rte 1 A Bridge (4)                       WO                     7 to 120                     80


                 Sheafes Point (5)                        2050                   5 to 27                      25


                 Pioneer Road Bridge (7)                  1400                   7 to 37                      28







             Table 10.           Bacterial indicator concentrations (per 100 g DW sediment or shellfish) in surface sediments
                                 and in shellfish from sites in the Little Harbor area: 1995-96.


             SEDIMENTS
             Site                  Seavey flat       Pioneer flat      Witch Creek Sheafes Point             Triangle flat Triangle flat Wentworth flat
                                                                                                                   SW           near bridge
             Site                       SS].              SS2                SS3                SS4              SS5A              SS5B                SS6


             C. perfringens          110000             30000             133000             222000            318000             270000               1990

             Fecal coliforms            22                71                 67                 71                 120              220                  3


             E. coli                    22                35                 67                 71                 120              220                  3




             SHELLFISH                                                                  (Fecal coliformsIlOO ml)
             Site                  Seavey flat      Odiorne east Witch Creek Odiorne west Rt. I B bridge Triangle flat Wentworth flat                                    Berry
                                                          flat               flat               flat              north         near bridge                              Brook
             Site                     6/SS1                2               3/SS3                 I                T13             4/SS5B              5/SS6                T7
             Date
                         8f7195                                                                                   3000                                                   .240
                       8/21/95                            300                110                900
                       8/23/95                                                                                                      2200                80
                       9/15/95                                                                                                                         130
                       10/3/95          130
             Geometric meai             130               300                110                900               3000              2200               102                240
                All analyses are for clam (Mya arenaria) tissue except 8f7/95 T7 (C. virginica) and TI 3 (Mytilus edulis)









                     Table 11. Effect of rainfall events (>0.63"/48 h) on fecal coliform levels in DPHS
                     and JEL samples collected from the approved growing area.

                     SAMPLE DATES                                   DPHS
                                                   ToLil        Rainfall > 0.63" Rainfall 0-< 0.63"
                     # of sample dates               29                 1                28
                     # >43/100 ml                    5                  1                4
                     # < 43/100 ml                   24                 0                24


                                                                     JEL
                                                   Toml         Rainfall > 0.63" Rainfall 0-< 0.63"
                     # of sample dates               I 1                                 10
                     # >43/100 ml                    3                                   2
                     # < 43/100 ml                   8                                   8


                                                                 Combined

                                                   Total        Rainfall > 0.63" Rainfall 0-< 0.63"
                     # of sample dates               40                 2                38
                     # >43/100 ml                    8                  2                6
                     # < 43/100 ml                   32                 0                32




                     WATER SAMPLES                                  DPHS

                                                   Toml         Rainfall > 0.63" Rainfall 0-< 0.63"
                     # of water samples              99                 3                96
                     # >43/100 ml                    7                  2                5
                     # < 43/100 ml          F        92                 1                91
                                                                     JEL
                                                   Total        Rainfall > 0.63" Rainfall 0-< 0.63"
                     # of water samples              44                 5                39
                     # >43/100 ml                    8                  5                3
                     # < 43/100 ml                   36                 0                36


                                                                 Combined
                                                   Total        Rainfall > 0.63" Rainfall 0-< 0.63"
                     # of water samples              143                8                135
                     # >43/100 ml                    15                 7                8
                     # < 43/100 ml                   128                1                127





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                                                               SOUNDINGS IN FEE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Odiornes



                   Figure 2. Potential                                 pollution sources in                                and around the survey area.




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                                                      Figure       3. NH         DPHS routine sampling sites in                          the survey          area.







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                                              Figure 5.             Little Harbor and
                                                                    Environs
                                                                    HABITAT MAP


                                      7

























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              LEGEND                                   DATA SOURCES                                      Lows Lup:
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            Figure 6. Map of the study area showing the locations of current velocity and direction measurerr









                            Figure 7. Fecal-borne bacteria in sediments from different sites in Little Harbor:
                                                                Spring, 1996.


                350000                                                                                                  250
                                                                                                         E)-- CP

                300000                                                                                         FC
                                                                                                                        200 -
                250000                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                                        150
                200000



                                                                                                                            Cn
                150000                                                                                                      E
                                                                                                                        100


                100000


                                                                                                                        50
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                      0                                         i                                                       0
                          Seavey flat    Pioneer     Witch Cr     Sheafes Pt     Triangle     Triangle    Wentworth
                                           flat                                  flat-SW     flat-bridge     flat
                                                              Little Harbor sites












                              Figure 8. Fecal coliforms in clams and sediments from different sites in Little
                                                              Harbor: 1995-96.



                2500                                                                                                       250



                                                                                                          clams


                2000                                                                                      sediment         200





                1500                                                                                                       150





                1000                                                                                                       100





                  500                                                                                                      50





                     0                                                                                                     0
                            Seavey flat        Pioneer flat         Witch Cr          Triangle flat     Wentworth flat
                                                               Little Harbor sites









                         Figure 9. Fecal coliforms at sites along transects of tributaries (WC-Witch Ck; PC-
                           Pioneer Cove; SC-Seavey Cr) to Little Harbor during dry periods in June, 1996.


               60



               50



               40



               30



               20



               10



                .0


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                                                Mouth of Little Harbor (site TI)                                                                                                    Rt. 1B bridge (site T13)

                      10                                                                                                                            40

                      9                                                                                                                             35
                                                                                         -a- FWW colifo-

                                                                                                  Enwro@i                                           30
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                      6
                      5                                                                                                                             20

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                      2


                      0                                                                                                                             0
                      LOW                           Mid rise                        Mid ebb                          High                           Low                          Mid rise                         Midcbb                            High
                                                                  TWO ftge                                                                                                                      'ndW stage


                                                        Sheafes Point (site TO                                                                                                            Rt. 1A (site T14)

                      12                                                                                                                            25
                      10                                                                                                                            20                                        0     En@i
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                      9



                      6
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                      0                                                                                                                             0
                      LA)W                          Mid rise                        Mid ebb                           High                          Low                           Mid rise                         Midcbb                           High
                                                                   TWW gage                                                                                                                           "age

                         Figure 10. Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 mi) at sites during different tidal stages:
                         Spring, 1996.











                                                        APPENDIX A

             Assessment of the Clam (Mya arenaria) population in the study area

                     Seven potential clamflats were identified in the study area. Locations of the flats are shown
             in Figure A I. Five of the seven flats were surveyed in the summer and fall of 1995, and the two
             remaining flats were surveyed in the spring of 1996. Spatfall from the 1995 spawning season was
             measured on the three largest flats in the spring of 1996.

             Area
                     Estimates of the areal extent of five of the seven clamflats were made from existing maps
             and field drawings. These figures are presented in Table Al. Flats range in area from 0.4 acres at
             flat # 1 to 12.1 acres at flat #5. The areas presented in the table correspond to suitable clam habitat
             only, and not the total intertidal area. Based on our field observations, suitable clam habitat
             consists primarily of sandy substrate, as the softer, muddy intertidal areas yielded very few clams.
             Total area for the five flats surveyed was estimated to be 35 acres.

             Density
                     Clam density was determined using a series of randomly placed radial transect lines. The
             location of each transect was chosen from a series of grids for each clainflat using a random
             numbers table. A center stake with a 10 in line attached (bearing a mark at each meter) was placed
             in the center of a grid and a 1/2 in diameter circle bearing eight equidistant numbers was drawn
             around the center point. Placement of the quadrat was determined by obtaining two random
             numbers from the table, the first corresponding to the numbered position on the circle, the second
             to the metered distance from the center point. A 1/8 m2 quadrat was then placed at the center of the
             randomly chosen mark. All sediment underlying the quadrat was excavated to a depth of 30 cm
             using a clam fork and all clams were removed by hand, counted and measured. Five quadrats
             were run for each transect. The total number of quadrats examined was: 10 for clainflat #1; 85 for
             clarnflat # 2; 30 for clainflat 4; 75 for clamflat #5; and 90 for clarnflat #6 ; and 50 for clarnflat #7.
             Clain densities range from a low of 1.6 clams /m2 on clarnflat #1 to 12.5 /m2 on clainflat #4, with
             a mean density of 5.1 clams/m2 (Table A I). Clarnflat #3 had very an extremely low density of
             clams (Table A I). The intertidal substrate in the flat was extremely soft, and was determined to be
             an unsuitable substrate for Mya.

             Abundance
                     The estimate abundance of clams in the study area was calculated from density and areal
             estimates and appears in Table Al. Total abundance was estimated at approximately 600,000
             clams or roughly 530 bushels of harvestable clams.
             Length frequency distributions
                     Length frequency distributions of the clams at four of the seven flats are shown in Figures
             A2 through A6. Though there are some differences from flat to flat, most clams were > than 30
             mm, with the greatest number of clams in the flats in the 40-70 min size range. According to
             established shell growth curves, most clams in these flats are > 3 years old, indicating poor
             recruitment or survival of larvae and/or spat in the 1993 and 1994 seasons.

             1995 Spatfall
                     Spatfall for the 1995 spawning season was measured on the three largest clainflats in the
             study area in the spring of 1996. Though spatfall. assessment in the spring would tend to
             underestimate actual settlement and metamorphosis, it more accurately predicts overwintering
             survival. Spat were sampled using a 10 cm coring tube. Samples were taken at four equidistant
             points in the intertidal zone, extending along a line perpendicular to the water line from the upper


                                                                1










                     intertidal to the low tide line. These perpendicular lines were spaced 10m apart. At each sampling
                     point two 8 cm cores were obtained and sieved on site through a 1 nun sieve. All clams were
                     removed, counted and measured. Of the three flats surveyed, the greatest density of Mya arenaria
                     spat was found at the Seavey Creek flat, where density was 106 clams/m2. The mean size of the
                     clams was 4.55 mm. and ranged from 2.2-8.9 mm. Spat density at the Wentworth flat was 53/m2,
                     while the mean size was 6.05 mm and size range 2.65-12.8. Spat density at the Odiorne flat was
                     low, with only 18 spat/m2. The mean size was 5.55 mm and ranged from 3.3-7.9 mm.
                             Spat density at the four intertidal levels was compared using ANOVA. Though fewer spat
                     were found in the upper intertidal cores, no significant differences were indicated by ANOVA at
                     any of the flats.
                             Spat density in the study area is relatively low compared to productive clarnflats where >
                     1000/m2 are often found. This may be due to the low density of adults throughout the area, in
                     addition to high predation pressure from worms and crabs.



































                                                                     2







                                         Table A 1. Clam Density and Abundance in the Study Area

                           Clarnflat        Location          Acres        Density       Total Area      Abundance            Bushels
                                                                              #/m2           m2                          1200 clarns/bu


                                1        Odiorne-West         0.4             1.6           1,618           2,589               2


                                .2       Odiorne-East         8.6             4.4          34,796          153,102             128


                                3        Witch Creek    Unsuitable substrate


                                4        Triangle             3.2             12.53        12,950          162,264             135


                                5        Wentworth            12.1            2.02         48,968          98,915               82


                                6        Seavey               6.4             5.07         25,900          131,313             109

                                7        Berrys Brook         4.2             4.65         18,817          87,499               73


                         Total                                34.9            5.0          143,049         635,682             530



                         TABLE A 2. 1995 Spatfall             in the study area

                          Clamflat       Location         Cores          #spat          #/m2           Mean size (mm) Size range (mm)


                                2        Odiorne East         120             17             19              5.33            3.3-7.9


                                5        Wentworth            120             49             53              6.05           2.6-12.8


                                6        Seavey Creek         68              56             106             4.55            2.2-8.9




                                                                               A 4








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                e
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                                                                                               0

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        Figure A 2. Size Frequency Distribution of clams at clarnflat #2







                12




                10




                8



            LL
            0   6
            w
            LU

            zn  4


                2




                0

                         7             14           27            40            53            67            80

                                                        MEAN OF SIZE CLASS (mm)









                                                               A 6








   Figure A 3. Size frequency distribution of clams at clamflat #4








       14



       12



       10
     E

       8
     0


       6
     E
     2
     Z
       4



       2



       0

           7     14    27    40     53    67    80

                         Mean of Size Class (mm




        Figure A 4. Size frequency distribution of clams at clamflat #5







                 14



                 12



                 10
             r:
             .9
                 8
             0


                 6
             E

             Z
                 4



                 2



                 0
                           7             14            27             40            53             67             80

                                                            Mean of Size Class (mm









                                                                  A 8







       Figure A 5. Size frequency distribution of clams at clamflat     6







              16


              14


              12

            E
              10


            0
               8


            E
            0  6
            Z


               4


               2




                        7            14           27            40           53            67            80

                                                       Mean of Size Class (mm









                                                             AQ




        Figure A 6. Size frequency distribution of clams at clarnflat   7







               7



               6


            to 5
            E
            M
            0  4
            0


               3



               2







               0

                        7           14            27           40            53           67            80

                                                       MEAN SIZE CLASS (mm)









                                                            A10






                                 Appendix B. Properties and septic systems in towns surrounding the survey area.

            MAP-LOT#         NAME                              MAILING ADDRESS                   PROPERTY ADDRESS                  SEPTIC INFO                                OTHERINFO


            RYE

            22-57            Nona Philbrook                    300 Central Rd. Rye 03870         ? Brackett Rd.   Rye 03870                                                   vacantlot
            22-58            Pamela S. Desiardins              181 Brackett                      181 Brackett                      new septic in 1990
            22-59            Dr. Ernest C. Desjardins          171 Brackett                      171 Brackett                                                                 subdivision approved 1971
            22-60            Dante L. Tosi                     165 Brackett                      165 Brackett                                                                 subdivision a proved 1980
            22-61            Marion S. Rand                    218 Wallis Rd. Rye                ? Brackett                                                                   larqe vacant lot
            22-6i- Robert J. Leary                             135., Brackett                    135 Brackett                                                                 sub ivision approval 1981
            22-63            Richard Spaulding                 121 Brackett                      121 Brackett                      septic approved 1993
            22-64            Murray L. & Diane C. Mason        115 Brackett                      115 Brackett                      new septic 1988, replaced       1990
            22-65            Bordman G. Randall                99 Brackett                       99 Brackett
            22-66            John F. Fort 111                  2003 Miltord   St. Houston TX     116 Brackett                      now septic 1988, replaced       1990       cross listed with 22-64
            22-67            Lee H. Roper                      85 Brackett                       85 Brackett                                                                  new house 1977
            22-68            Elizabeth M. Wendall              6 Brackett                        39 Brackett                       septic approved 1993                       39 acres bordering Seav y's Creek
            22-68-1          Jeffery H. Marple                 PO Box 4130 Portsmouth            51 Brackett                                                                  subdivision Approved 1980
            22-68-2          Kevin Barton                      35 Brackett                       35 Brackett                       septic approved 1992                       borders Seavey's Creek
            22-70            Anne Reagan                       Costa Mesa CA                     ? Brackett                                                                   vacantlot
            22-71            Elizabeth C. Hoffman              17 Brackett                       17 Brackett
            22-72            David E. Junkins                  3 Brackett                        3 Brackett
            22-73            David E. Junkins                  3 Brackett                        179 Pioneer    St                                                            borders Seavey's Creek
            22-74            Town of Rye                       10 Central Rd                     ? Pioneer St                                                                 58.7 acres bordering Seavey's Creel
            22-75            James A. McLaughlin               57 Park Terrace East, NY,NY       115 Pioneer
            22-76            James A. Robertson Jr.            85 Pioneer                        85 Pioneer
            22-77            Town of Rye                       10 Central Rd                     ? Pioneer                                                                    21.3 acres of vacant lot
            22-78
            22-79
            22-80
            22-81            Great Island Trust Co.            PO Box 245 Rye                    ? Pioneer                                                                    part of WBTS
            22-8i- Florence L. Ouellette                       182 Poineer                       182 Pioneer
            22-83            Stuart R. Kahl                    200 Pioneer                       200 Pioneer                                                                  new house in 1989
            22-84            Mlcael J. Simchik                 260 Pioneer                       235 Pioneer                                                                  vacant lot bordering Berry's Brook
            22-85            Mendell G. Cummings               40 Brackett                       215 Pioneer                                                                  vacantlot
            22-86            Charles P. Wendell                6 Brackett                        6 Brackett
            22-87            Donna M. Thoobolch                20 Brackett                       20 Brackett                                                                  building permit issueed 1990
            22-88            Midred E. Welsh                   30 Brackett                       30 Brackett                                                                  subdiv. apr. 1978, purchased 1990
            22-89            Micael F. Thiel                   34 Brackett                       34 Brackett                  _@_ew_septic passed inspection 1993             _Iarge lot bordering Berry's Brook
            122-90           Wendall G. Cummings               40 Brackett                       140 Brackett                      septic installed 1979 w/ )each field
            122-91           Dana F. Kent                      PO Box 95 Rye                     150 Brackett                      Inew septic 1993







               22-92            Frederick P. Jeter               60 Brackett                      60 Brackett                      septic built & approved 1089
               22-93            Forrest L. Beasley               16 Shoals View Dr. Rye           100 Brackett
               22-94            George Darragh Jr.               Little Silver NJ                 110 Brackett
               22-95A           Dolores F. Untz                  120 Brackett                     120 Brackett                     -septic approved 1991
               22-95B           James von Priel Fardelmann       380 Grant Ave Portsmouth         150 Brackett                     septic @!pproved 1991                     new house built 1991
               22-96            Robert W. Scherer                140 Brackett                     140 Brackett             -septic approved 1993                             cross listed w/ 22-100
               22-98            Town of Rye                      10 Central Rd                    ? Brackett                                                                 @ vacwt lots
               22-99            Marion S. Rand                   218 Wallis Rd Rye                ? Bracken                                                                  vacantlot
               22-100           Gary W. Wendell                  189 Lincoln Ave Portsmouth       140 Brackett          -septic approved 1993
               22-101           Conservation Commision           PO Box 429 Rye                   ? Brackett                                                                 vacantlot
               22-102           Domenico Scognamiglio            1210 Ocean Blvd Rye              170 Brackett                     new septic approved in 1992               Malfunctioning   septic in 1979
               22-103           Mada S. Manougan                 180 Brackett                     180 Brackett                                                               new house 1986
               22-104           Wesley C. Pike Jr.               88 Temple St Nashua              190 Brackett - new septic 1993
               23-4             Town Conservation Comission                                       Wallis Sands State Park
               23-11            Town Conservation Comission                                       3.10 acres                                                                 vacant lot
               23-12            Town Conservation Cornission                                      2.48 acres                                                                 vacantlot
               23-13            Town Conservation Comission                                       2.83 acres                                                                 vacant lot
               23-14            Town Conservation Comission                                       10.05 acres                                                                vacant lot borderinq Seavey's Creek
               23-15            Town Conservation Comission                                       65.45 acres                                                                vacant lot  borderi@q Sea"e Ls-Creek
               24-1             William S. Dugan                 97 Morning St. Portsmouth        31 Pioneer                                                                 Bathroom    renovations 1991--
               24-2             Robert M. Brown                  23 Pioneer                       21 Pioneer                       new septic installed & approved "g
               24-3             Henry J. Cavaretta               73 Sagamore Rd.                  5, 11 Pioneer                                                              Foye's Corner restaurant, store, etc
               24-28            Bruce D. Graves                  191 Wentworth                    191 Wentworth                                                              property crosses street                ---
               24-29            Frances Kost                     27 Baycliff Rd. Portsmouth       ? Wentworth
               24-30            Split Rock Cove Trust            507 State St. Portsmouth         135   Wentworth
               24-31            Brian K. Berry                   141 Wentworth                    141   Wentworth
               24-32            Alfred M. McKenna                139 Wentworth                    139   Wentworth
               24-33            Elsa G. Sonnabend                30 Kadaya Rd Waben MA            129   Wentwirth                  now septic 1986
               24-34            Ruth B. FOrd                     125 Wentworth                    125   Wentworth                  leach field installed 1969
               24-35            Great Island Trust Co            PO Box 245 Rye
               24-36            Paul R. Peterson                 357 Richards Ave Ports.          117   Wentworth
               24-37            Great ISland Trust Co.           PO Box 245 Rye
               24-38            Paul S. Mackey                   113 Wentworth                    113   Wentworth
               24-39            Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245                                                                                                  WSTS
               24-40            IGreat Island Trust Co.          PO Box 245                                                                                                  W13TS
               24-41            Russel W. Badger                 79 Harbor View Dr.               79 Harbor View Dr.
               24-42            Carol S. Cole                    77  Harbor View                  77 Harbor View
               24-43            Anita L. Holt                    71  Harbor View                  71 Harbor View                   new septic 1967
               24-44            Francis & Helen Davis            65  Harbor View                  65 Harbor View                   new septic 1982
               124-45           John E. Seybolt                  175 State St. Boston MA          159 Harbor View
               F24-46           lChritine B. Rasmussen           153 Harbor View                  153 Harbor View                                                                                              71


                                                                                                              B I











              24-47            Philip J. Voss                   47 Harbor View                  47 Harbor View
              24-48            Richard E. Winslow Jr.           I Harbor View                   1 Harbor View
              24-49            Anna Grace Holloway              2 Harbor View                   2 Harbor View
              24-50
              24-51            Vinay D. Gandevia                Annaheim CA                     12 Harbor View                   new septic 1978
              24-52            Samuel Francis                   PO Box 407 Rye                  24 Harbor View                   new septic 1979
              24-53            Edward Rowland                   160 Federal St Boston MA        34 Harbor View
              24-54            Janice Sandberg                  40 Harbor View                  40 Harbor view
              24-55            Barbara C, Graper                46 Harbor View                  46 Harbor View                   new septic 1968
              24-56            Robert & Margaaret Allard        74 Harbor View                  74 Harbor View                   new septic 1968
              24-57            Robert E. McLaughlin             80 Harbor View                  80 Harbor View                   new septic 1969
              24-58            Harold C. Thomas                 93   Wentworth                  93 Wentworth
              24-59            Barbara Y Woodman                85 Wentworth                    85 Wentworth                                                              was issued permit to "replace pond'
              24-60            Paul J. Holloway                 PO Box 3400 Exeter              71 Wentworth                     new house built 1991
              24-61            Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245 Rye                  ? Wentworth                                                               WBTS- 47.77 acres
              24-62            Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245 Rye                  ? Wentworth                                                               WBTS- 5.87 acres
              24-63            Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245 Rye_._.              ? Wentworth                                                               WBTS- 2.13 acres
              24-64            Helen G. Lawrence                106 Wentworth                   106 Wentworth
              24-65            Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245                      ? Wentworth                                                               WBTS-20.85 acres
              24-66            June E. Bragdon                  PO Box 129 Newcastle            150 Wentworth
              24-67            Barbara Steppo                   150 Wentworth                   150 Wentworth
              24-68            Edmund J. Mulcahy                812 Douglas St Manchester       ? Wentworth                                                               vacantlot
              24-69            Bruce R. Graves                  1191 Wentworth                  191 Wentworth                                                             property crosses street
              24-70            Mihael Kutchey                   1187 Wentworth                  187 Wentworth
              24-71            Town Conservation Comission                                      ? Sagamore Rd                                                             vacant lot- 7.83 acres
              24-72            Barbara Scammon                  PO Box 584 Rye                  4 Sagamore Rd                    septic approved 1978
              24-73            Helen F. Scammon                 PO Box 42 Portsmouth            8 Sagamore Rd
              24-74            Arden McLean                     14 Sagamore Rd                  14 Sagamore Rd                                                            line adjustment approved 1991
              24-75            Carol M. Fisher                  PO Box 126 Rye                  22 Oral Ln
              24-76            Witred J. Losier                 2 Foyes Rd                      2 Foyes Rd
              24-77            Albert C. Stewart                1 Frontier St                   1 Frontier St
              24-78            James A. Derochemont             5 Frontier                      5 Frontier
              24-79            Cheryl T. McGonagle              PO Box 185     Rye              9 Frontier
              24-80            Leo T. Fitzgerald                15 Frontier                     15 Frontier                      new septic    1978
              24-81            Great Island Trust Co.                                                                                                                     WBTS- 8.92 acres
              24-82            Michael J. Cavaretta             30 La Mer Dr Rye                ? Frontier
              24-83            Francis J. Drenzek               PO Box 171     Rye              16 Frontier
              24-84            Ernest E. Sieg                   PO Box 325 Rye                  8 Frontier
              24-85            Timothy A. Welch Jr.             PO Box 586     Rye              4 Frontier                       new se tic 1981
              24-86            James J. Cavaretta               1137 Abady     Ct. FL           12 Old Ferry Landing
              24-87            Barbara S. Thompson              3 Foyes Rd                      3 Foyes Rd








              24-88            Norman E. Lord                   14 Martin Rd Kittery ME          5 Sagamore Rd
              24-89            Douglas N. Sparks                26 Sagamore Rd                   26 Sagamore
              24-90
              24-91            Glenn G. Trefethen               355 Wallis Rd                    ? Pioneer Rd                                                               vacantlot
              24-92            Daisey A. Heath                  14 Pioneer Rd                    14 Pioneer
              24-93            Paul M. Attaya                   20 Pioneer                       20 Pioneer
              24-94            Paul M. Attaya                   20 Pioneer                       22 Pioneer                                                                 realty company office
              24-95            Unda & Gary Ringhoffer           28 Pioneer                       28 Pioneer
              24-96            James J. Cavaretta               1137 Abady Ct Fl                 ? Foyes Rd                                                                 dredqed Withces Creek in
              24-97            Michael J. Cavaretta             30 La Mer Dr Rye                 ? Old Ferry Landing_
              24-98            Great Island Trust Co.                                            ? Pioneer St                                                               WBTS- 32.09 acres
              24-99            Great Island Trust Co.                                            ? Pioneer St                                                               WBTS- 8.35 acres
              24-100           Edward H. Marcotte               PO Box 497 Rye                   44 Pioneer
              24-101           John J. Herbert                  PO Box 95 Rye                    54 Pioneer
              24-102           Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245     Rye               ? Pioneer St                                                               WBTS-8.35 acres
              24-103-          Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245     Rye               ? Pioneer St                                                               WBTS- 1.58 acres
              24-104           Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245     Rye               ? Pioneer St                                                               WBTS- 1.36 acres
              24-105           Shirley A. Bergeron              120 Pioneer                      120 Pioneer
              @4-106           Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245     Rye               ? Poineer                                                                  WBTS- 13.20 acres
              24-107           Great Island Trust Co.           PO Box 245     Rye               ? Poineer                                                                  WBTS- 7:00 acres
              24-108           Susan E. El-sea                  220  Pioneer                     220  Pioneer                                                               subdivided 1990, borders Witch Cr.
              24-109           Richard Carely                   240  Pioneer                     240  Pioneer                     new septic 1992                           borders Witch Cr. & Seavy's Creek
              24-110
              24-111           Clifford A. Priest               300  Pioneer                     300  Pioneer                                                               borders Seavey's Creek
              24-112           Marion Woodbridge                304  Pioneer                     304  Pioneer                                                               borders Seavey's Creek
              24-113           R. Carroll Carpenter             306  Pioneer                     306  Pioneer                                                               borders Seavey's Creek
              24-114           Pamela Anthony                   320  Pioneer                     320  Pioneer                                                               borders Seavey's Creek
              24-115           John J. Ploski                   291  Pioneer                     291  Pioneer                     septic approved 1977                      no other buildings permitted
              24-116           Arthur M. Abbott                 281  Pioneer                     281  Pioneer
              24-117           Arthur G. Pierce                 FIR 2 Rte 202 Barrington         265  Pioneer                     4 houses on property                      borders Berry's Brook
              24-118           John E. Gloor                    200 Parson's Rd Rye              ? Pioneer                        bad septic as of 1994
              25-1             State of NH                                                       ? Ocean Blvd                                                               land  across  street from  Odiorne
              25-2             State of NH                                                       ? Ocean Blvd                                                               land  across  street from  Odiorne
              25.3             State of NH                                                       ? Ocean Blvd                                                               land  across  street from  Odiorne
              25-4             State of NH                                                       ? Ocean Blvd                                                               land  across street from Odiorne
              25-5             State of NH                                                       ? Ocean Blvd                                                               land  across  street from  Odiorne
              25-6             Town Conservation Comission                                       ? Pioneer Rd & Ocean Blvd                                                  land behind the above
              25-7             Town Conservation Comission                                       ? Pioneer Rd & Ocean Blvd                                                  land  behind the above
              25-8             Goustav Garceau                  321 Pioneer                      321 Pioneer                                                                lborders Seavey's Cr. (near clam bed
              26-1             Florence H. Fitzpatrick          41 Harbor View                   41 Harbor View
              26-2             Bradford F. Alden                35 Harbor View                   35 Harbor View




                                                                                                             B4












              26-3              Lorene Carney                     29 Harbor View                    29 Harbor View
              26-4              George Hovanesian                 23 Harbor View                    23 Harbor View
              26-5              Albert D. Frisbee                 17 Harbor View                    17 Harbor View                     new septic 1978
              26-6              Robert & Toby Jesurun             11 Harbor View                    11 Harbor View
              26-7              Philip C. Hoyt                    5 Harbor View                     5 Harbor View
              26.8              Michael A. Bryan                  51 Wentworth                      51   Wentworth            -new septic 1991
              26-9              William M. Binnie                 35 Wentworth                      35   Wentworth                     relocated septic in 1994                   permit for dredging & fill in 1994
              26-10             William J. Cronin                 33 Wentworth                      33   Wentworth
              26-11             Francine S. Hall                  29 Wentworth                      27   & 29 Wentworth
              26-12             Gerard J. Terpstra                23 Wentworth                      23   Wentworth
              26-13             Arthur W. Schlierper              PO Box 133 Portsmouth             21   Wentworth
              26-14             Paul Hansen                       234 Parker Rd Goffstown           11   Wentworth
              26    'is         Roberta K. Jennings               5 Wentworth                       5 Wentworth
              26-16             Noele M. Clews                    3 Wentworth                       3 Wentworth
              26-17             Great Island Trust Co.            PO Box 245 Rye                    ? Wentworth                                                                   WBTS- 17785 st
              26-18             Great Island Trust Co.            PO Box 245 Rye                    ? Wentworth                                                                   WBTS- 21780 st



              Newcastle


              #1_1              State of NH                                                         Clampit Island                                                                vacantlot
              #1-2              Katherine Campbell                92 Bridge St                      92 Bridge St
              #1-3              Great Island Trust Co.            PO Box 246 Newcasfle              ? Bridge                                                                      WBTS
              #1-4              Town of Newcastle                                                   ? Bridge St
              Map # 2           Great Island Trust Co.            PO Box 246                        ? Wentworth
              #3_1              Clifford & Margaret Heindel       129 Wild Rose Lane                129 Wild Rose Lane                                                            ocean side
              #3-2              Charles L. Thayer                 330 Borthwicke Ave Ports.         149 Wild Rose                                                                 2 lots ocean side
              #3-3              State of NH                                                         Fort Stark                                                                    Historical Site
              #3-4              Jack & Rebecca Beard              204 Wild Rose                     204 Wild Rose
              #3-5              Joan H. Lockhart                  174 Wild Rose                     174 Wild Rose
              #3    '7          Edward&Penelope Glassmeye 4 Coves End Rd Darien CT                  ? Wild Rose
              #3-8A             John B & Gladys L Smith           136 Wild Rose                     136 Wild Rose
              #3-8B             Joan White                        136 Wild Rose                     136 Wild Rose
              '04-1             Crosby, Howard& Phyllis Trust                                       ? Wild Rose
              #4-3              Wentworth BTS                                                       housing development                                                           24 lots, individuall    owned
              #4-4              Loring & Lucille Larose           Wentworth Rd                      ? Spring Hill Rd
              #44A              Iren Crosby                                                         ? Spring HIII Rd
              #4-5              Lucille Larose                    Wentworth                         ? Spring HIII Rd
              #4-6              Blair McCaferty                   300 N River Rd Manchester .? Spring Hill Rd
              1#4-7             Lucille Larose                    Wentworth                         ? Spring H III Rd
              1#4-8             NSH Realty Trust                  1130 Box 10272 N Hampton          ? Sprinq Hill Rd








             #4-9             Lucille Larose                  Wentworth                        ? Spring HIII Rd
             #4-10            Ports. Marine Society           96 Spring Hill Rd                96 Spring Hill Rd
             #4-11            Lucille Larose                  Wentworth                        ? Spring Hill Rd
             #4-12            Chester J. Fessenden            97 Spring Hill                   97 Spring Hill
             #4-13            Lucille Larose                  Wentworth                        ? Spring Hill
             #4-14            IMicael P. Larose               102 Lavender Rd                  102 Lavender    Rd
             #4_15            Lucille Larose                  Wentworth                        ? Lavender Rd
             #4-16            Stephen D & Judith Sawyer       PO Box 318     Newcastle         ? Lavender Rd
             #4-17            Lucille Larose                  Wentworth                        ? Lavender Rd
             #4-18            Lucille Larose                  Wentworth                        ? Lavender Rd
             #4-19                                                                             ? Lavender Rd
             #4-20                                                                             ? Lavender Rd
             #4.21                                                                             ? Lavender Rd
             #4-22            Margaret M. Fish                68 Spring Hill Rd                68 Spring Hill Rd
             #4-23
             #4-24            Sylvia Tabbutt                  55 Pitt Lane Newcastle           48 Spring Hill Rd
             #4-25            Lucille Larose                  Wentworth                        ? Spring Hill Rd
             #4-26            Thomas & Mary Lambert           Newcastle Rd                     ? Wentworth Rd
             #4-27            Wentworth BTS                                                    small island                                                             vacantlot
             #5_1             Margaret Harford                92 Wild Rose                     92 Wild Rose
             #5_2             Stuart & Donna Levenson         10 Meadow Ln N      Hampton      56 Wild Rose
             #5-3A            Ahdrah Moore                    350   Wentworth                  350  Wentworth
             #5-313           John & Meryl Walsh              300   Wentwortth                 300 Wentworth
             #5-4             Charles & Barbara Brown 111     320   Wentworth                  320  Wentworth
             #5-5             Thomas & Patricia Roy           314   Wentworth                  314  Wentworth
             #5-6             Louise Kenneth & Erik Aspen 266       Wentworth                  258  Wentworth
             #5-7             Louise Kenneth & Erik Aspen 266       Wentworth                  266  Wentworth
             #5-8             Secret Pond Realty              254   Wentworth                  254  Wentworth
             #5_9             Louise Kenneth & Erik Aspen 266       Wentworth                  252  Wentwworth
             #5-10            Michael & Barbara Kuchtey       250   Wentworth                  250  Wentworth
             #5-11            Thomas & Theresa Golter         238   Wentworth                  230  Wentworth
             #5-12            Christopher&Stephani Mullin     Webster Grove MO                 244  Wentworth
             #5-13            Town of Newcastle                                                Newcastle Commons
             #5-14            Carolyn Baker                   9 Wild Rose                      9 Wild Rose                                                              ocean side
             #5-15            George W. McLaughlin            91 Wild Rose                     91 Wild Rose                                                             ocean side
             #5-16            Gertrude McCarthy               75 Wild Rose                     75 Wild Rose                                                             ocean side









                                                                                                             B6










                                                                    Appendix C:

                                    Bacterial Indicator Concentrations in Water at Sites Around Little Harbor.


                               Nficrobiological analysis of water samples included tests for fecal coliforms, Escherichia
                       coli , enterococci, and Clostridiwn perfringens. Fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci and C.
                       perfringens were measured using standard membrane filtration methods. Water samples for fecal
                       coliforms and E. coli analyses were filtered on 0.45 @grri membrane filters and incubated on mTEC
                       agar media for 24 h at 44.5-+0.2'C. Yellow colonies were counted as fecal coliforms, and those
                       that remained yellow after incubation on urea- soaked pads were considered E. coli. Enterococci
                       colonies were measured by incubating 0.45 gm membrane filters on mE medium at 41'C for 48
                       hours. At that time, the reddish-brown colonies that caused a black precipitate to form when filters
                       were transferred to EIA agar were counted as enterococci. C. perfringens colonies were
                       enumerated by filtering water through 0.7 gm filters and incubating the filters on mCP agar 24 h at
                       44.5+-0.20C in an anaerobic chamber under hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Large, flat, creamy,
                       brownish colonies were counted as C. perfringens colonies, and were confirmed by looking for a
                       pink-mauve color upon exposure to ammonium hydroxide fumes.
                               Fecal coliforms are the standard indicator for shellfish- growing waters in New Hampshire
                       based on recommendations by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, E. coli is the recreational
                       standard for freshwater in New Hampshire and is the actual target organism of fecal coliform tests.
                       Enterococci is the standard indicator for the estuarine recreational waters of New Hampshire, and
                       C. per
                             firingens is a spore-forming bacterial species that is an indicator of long-term fecal
                       contamination and is being used with increasing frequency in related studies.
                               The data for fecal coliforms are presented in the main text of this report. Data for the other
                       three bacterial indicators are presented in Tables C 1 -C3. The geometric means of the data for all
                       four indicators and all sites are shown in Figures Cl and C2. Enterococci, fecal coliforms and E.
                       coli exhibited similar spatial responses,, with the highest levels found upstream in Witch Creek,
                       relatively high levels in Berry Brook, lower levels at Seavey and Sagamore Creeks, the Little
                       Harbor bridge and the marina, and the lowest levels at the mouth of the harbor. C. perfringens
                       concentrations were relatively low, and were highest at Sheafe's Point, which had the next to
                       lowest levels for the other indicators. ne paired data for all four indicators were compared to
                       detern-jine if different fecal indicators gave consistent indications of contamination. Ile results are
                       summarized as correlation coefficients, as follows:

                                                        FC              Ec              Ent
                       Fecal coliforms (FC)          - 1.000           0.974**         0.890**         0.071ns
                       E. coli (Ec)                                    1.000           0.952**         0.'278*
                       Enterococci (Ent)                                               1.000           0.277*
                       C. per
                             firingens (Cp)                                                            1.000

                           significance probability: <0.05
                           significance probability: <0.01
                       ns: not significant (P>0.05)

                       The statistical analysis suggests that there are strong relationships between fecal coliform,
                       enterococci and E. coli data. The relationship be C. perfringens data and both E. coli and
                       enterococci data are much weaker, and there is no apparent relationship between C. per inge
                                                                                                                  fir    ns
                       and fecal coliforin data. Thus, all three indicators used by the State of New Hampshire gave
                       similar indications of fecal contamination, both from geometric mean trends and from direct
                       relationships between data.







              Table C1. Concentrations (per 100 ml) of E. coli in water samples from Little Harbor, 1995-96.




              E. coli
              Date                TI     T6 T7          T8 T13 T14 LH2 WCI WC2 WC5 WC6 PCI PC2 PC4 PC5 SCI SC2 WRSI_
                         7/20/95        1              2    15    35     0.5    46.5       5
                           8/3/95       6           45.5   20     230    20.8   97.5     38
                           8/7/95                   126           10
                         8/22/95                                    3    1.5    3.75
                         9/15/95        1     1        1     2    1.5    3.5    17         1
                         9/21/95     0.9      1     0.9   0.9       5      2      1        6
                         10/5/95     0.9            0.9   130     0.9    0.9    0.9     0.9
                         11/15/95    60    120      920           380    780    236   3250
                         2/27/96     0.5   5.5         4   11       1      1    3.5     130
                           5/9/96       9    11                   20     20
                         5/28/96     0.5   2.5                      1             3
                         5/30/96        3     6     250             5    12.5   2.5      52
                         6/10/96     0.4      4     122           3.5    18       3      34      2     1.8      4      2      2
                         6/18/96     9.5     19     52            5.5    12.5   23       10                            3    0.9      2     4      2     2         6
                         6/25/96     0.5      1     24              2      5    1.5      12
              Geornevic mean         1.9   4.9      18.2  9.6     6.7    6.2    7.3    18.6    2.0     1.8    4.0    2.4    1.3   2.0    4.0 2.0 2.0            6.0
              SLandard deviatioi     4.6   4.6      11.4   5.9    6.5    7.0    6.0    10.1










            Table C2. Concentrations (per 100 ml) of enterococci in water samples from Little Harbor, 1995-96.




            Enterococci
            Date              T I T6 T7            T8 T13 T14 LH2 WCI WC2 WC5 WC6 PCI PC2 PC4 PC5 SCI SC2 WRSI
                      7/20/95    0.25             2     2      3     3      3       5
                        8/3/95      3         16.25  5.5       4  8.75   5.25  54.25
                        8/7/95
                      8/22/95                              2.75      3   0.25
                      9/15/95     0.5     2     1.5     6      2  6.5    9.5      12
                      9/21/95       2   1.5     0.5  28    11.5      1   5.5   .    9
                      10/5/95     0.9          25.5  26     5.5   22.5   6.5     70.5
                      11/15/95    60    231    1140        530    720    373   2000
                      2/27/96       4     5     10   6.5       2     5      8     24
                        5/9/96    0.5   2.5                11.5   4.5
                      5/28/96       1   0.4                 1.5             1
                      5/30/96     0.4   0.5     7.5            1     3   1.5      12
                      6/10/96       1   0.5     6.5            3     5   0.5      1.5   3.5    133       1 19.5     3.5
                      6/18/96                                                                                  6 0.5        2     4     2      2       6
                      6/25/96
            Geometric mean        1.4   2.3     8.9  8-.2   5.0   7.2    3.9     23.0   3.5 133.0      1.0 10.8     1.3   2.0 4.0      2.0   2.0      6.0
            Standard dcviatioi    4.6   7.9     9.1  2.8    5.2   5.5    6.9      7.4







            Table C3. Concentrations (per 100 ml) of C. perfringens in water samples from Little Harbor, 1995-96.




            C. perftingens
            Date               T I T6 T7            T8 T13 T14 LH2 WCI WC2 WC5 WC6 PCI PC2 PC4 PC5 SCI SC2 WRSI-
                      7/20/95     0.5             2     3    6.5 2.75 2.75          15
                        8/3/95   2.75           0.75    5  1.75    6.5    2.5       4
                        8/7/95
                      8/22/95                                4.5   2.5    1.5
                      9/15/95
                      9/21/95      2       9    0.5   1.5  23.5      2       1    3.5
                      10/5/95      2            2.5   7.5    2.5     10      1      11
                      11/15/95     5     3.5    17.5       22.5      15   17.5   47.5
                      2/27/96     4.5      5      6   6.5    1.5     6       8      2
                        5/9/96     5      12                   6     6
                      5/28/96     26     46                  7.5          2.5
                      5/30/96      8    128       4          21    12.5   2.5     31.5
                      6/10/96      4     1.9    0.9          12      4    0.5       8     16      2     16      4    1.9
                      6/18/96     0.9     18    1.5        14.5      5    3.5     2.5                         0.4    2.5   15    9.5      1   0.5        5
                      6/25/96      4      10      2          4.5   9.5    7.5       9
            Gcornevic mean        3.3   11.6    2.2   4.1    6.9   5.7    2.6     8.1   16.0    2.0 16.0       1.3  2.2    3.5   9.5    1.0 0.5        5.0
            SLandard deviatioi    2.8    3.6    2.9   1.9    2.6   1.9    2.7     2.9












                          Figure C1. Geometric mean fecal coliforms and E. coli at sites in and around Little
                                                           Harbor, 1995-96.


                  35



                  30                                                                  Fecal coliforms

                                                                                      E. coli


                  25



                  20



                  15



                  10




                    5




                    0
                  Berry Bk      Seavey      Witch Cr      Sheafe's     Sagarnore      LH          Marina       Mouth of
                     L












                                  Cr                         Pt           Cr         bridge                      LH









                           Figure C2. Geometric mean enterococci and C. perfringens at sites in and around
                                                         Little Harbor, 1995-96.


                   25



                   20                                                                     Enterococci

                                                                                          C. perfringens



                   15
             E




                   lu





                     5



                                                             N


                     0

                   Berry Bk      Seavey      Witch Cr     Sheafe's     Sagarnore       LH         Marina       Mouth of
                                   Cr                        Pt           Cr         bridge                      LH








                                                                                                                                NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



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