[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
The 44. AW r 'VI En VIrO17 A 1.7 1, 71 44 t w, A'' -7 f 4w fn Ou TD Carolina 171 .3 .S6 Q35 E C ... Promoting Health, M and Envinonrn'@ntal Control Protecting the Environment 1996 A Message from the Commissioner Under the leadership of Governor David Beasley and former Governor Carroll Campbell, South Carolina has made progressive strides toward meeting its long-term goals of preserving our environ- ment, protecting public health and promoting strong economic development through well-managed we intend to growth. continue documenting To improve the focus of environmental protection efforts, the S.C. General Assembly, through its our progress in pro- public mandate to restructure state government, combined the regulatory programs of the Land and tecting the state's vital natural resources Water Resources commissions and the former Coastal Council into the S.C. Department of Health and 4 and the health of its Environmental Control. Since this effort began in July 1994, DHEC has made significant advances in people. more efficiently providing environmental services. As part of an extensive self-examination, we developed a strategic plan to guide us on a unified road to improved services. Our strategic plan contains: Douglas E. Bryant Commissioner values to guide us on our mission toward improved customer service, increased teamwork and SC DHEC efficient use of applied scientific knowledge for decision making; 177 'V visions toward becoming more culturally competent, being a model of excellence in govem- ment and encouraging local solutions to local problems; and I V., critical issues, including better communications, ensuring continued core public health services during health care reform, preventing environmental and health problems, continuing to refine the pennitting process, and unifying DHEC as an agency. kN. 2. This publication is the first state-of-the-environment report issued by the new DHEC. Through similar reports to the Governor, General Assembly and the people of South Carolina, we intend to continue documenting our progress in protecting the state's vital natural resources and the health of its people while assisting South Carolina's economy. @T. "'k We promote and protect the health of the public and the environment. DHEC Mission Statement -South Carolina US Department of Commerce DHEC NOAA coastal services Center Libr Department of Health and Environmental Control 2234 South Hobson Avenue Charleston, SC 29405-2413 State Officials: Table of Contents Acknowledgements David Beasley Governor Quality of the Environment ...................................... Page 3 "The Quality of the Environment" reflects the hard Robert L. Peeler work of all Environmental Quality Control staff whose jobs Lieutenant Governor Air ............................................................................ Page 4 result in the high level of environmental protection we enjoy in South Carolina. Thanks go to all the front-line Douglas E. Bryant Land ......................................................................... Page 6 staff who collect the data that allow us to peruse trends and Commissioner Recycling ........................................................... Page 6 pursue policy to preserve the state for future generations. SC DHEC Hazardous Waste ............................................... Page 7 Specific thanks go to a committee of people in DHEC R. Lewis Shaw, PE Superfund .......................................................... Page 7 and the Bureaus of Environmental Quality Control who Deputy Commissioner Emergency Response ......................................... Page 8 collected, compiled and wrote the infori-nation that appears Environmental Quality Infectious Waste ................................................ Page 8 in this report. Thanks also go to all those who answered Control Mining and Reclamation ................................... Page 8 last-minute questions, proofread and made suggestions that Board of Health improved the usefulness of this report. and Environmental Control Water ........................................................................ Page 9 Editor: Scott Reynolds, EQC Laboratories John H. Burriss Surface Water .................................................. Page 10 Chairman Groundwater .................................................... Page I I Graphic Design/Artwork: Gregg Glymph, Division of At-large Drinking Water ................................................ Page I I Media Services William M. Hull Jr., MD Radiation ................................................................ Page 12 Coordinator: Jan `]ffiten, Division of Media Relations Vice Chairman Radon .............................................................. Page 12 5th District Cover photo courtesy of the Department of Natural Roger Leaks Jr. Environmental Quality Control .............................. Page 13 Resources Secretary Pen-nitting ........................................................ Page 13 6th District Compliance ...................................................... Page 14 Richard E..Jabbour, DDS Facility Monitoring .......................................... Page 14 Printing Information 4th District Enforcement ..................................................... Page 15 Printed January 1996 Cyndi C. Mosteller Environmental Monitoring ..................................... Page 16 Total Printing Cost .................................................. $3,948 1 st District Brian K. Smith Future Challenges .................................................. Page 17 Total Number of Documents Printed ........................ 3,000 2nd District Information Resources ........................................... Page 18 Cost Per Unit .......................................................... $1.316 Rodney L. Grandy 3rd District Environmental Quality Control Districts ............... Page 20 South Carolina PHEC Department of Health and Environmental Cnt@@l The Quality of the Environment in South Carolina 7V 411 More than a decade of growing environmental awareness, sometimes as the result of costly tragedies, has made South Carolinians more conscious and conscientious about environmental issues than ever before. Chernobyl, Love Canal, Times Beach, Three Mile Island, Exxon Valdez - all of these are household names because of our exposure to environmental issues through the media. And, as a result, it is easy to become distracted by one event and forget that our environment needs attention every day. Environmental Quality Control - the DHEC deputy area that houses air, land and water programs - has the primary responsibility of protecting the environment both when accidents occur and more often when they don't. EQC: Z develops regulations that protect public health and the environment; ot Z issues permits to facilities to ensure safe operations; maintains and operates an extensive sampling network that collects and examines the quality of our air and water; Z inspects facilities to assure compliance; and 010A. offers technical assistance to local governments, industry, consultants, small businesses and individuals. EQC's efforts prevent the Chernobyls and the Love Canals from happening in our state. The data collected by the various program areas under EQC over the years is the best proof of the successes of citizens, industry and government in improving the quality of our environment. No longer do we rely on end-of-pipe, command and control technology; DHEC, industry and the public work together to *J 0 develop and promote pollution prevention methods that reduce or eliminate the production of wastes, lower costly treatment and V disposal charges, and reduce the drain on natural resources. Examples of state and federal legislative initiatives that guide us in these prevention measures include the federal Clean Water Act and Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and, at the state level, the S.C. Solid Waste Policy and Management Act. The pollution prevention philosophy accounts for some reductions in total toxic emissions in the state. In 1994, the state saw a 5.3 percent drop in toxic compounds released by South Carolina Toxic Release Inventory major facilities over the previous year. Annual Releases to Air, Land and Water We are committed to using rational methods and 80 scientific knowledge to provide answers and guide our ca 70 - 60 - professional judgments. As our population grows, we must continue to look for methods to better define the state's co 50 - 16 40 - public health and environmental issues and to set priorities. cn C 30 - We strive to communicate scientific infon-nation to the .2 20 public and to commit sufficient resources to support scien- 10 tific disciplines within the agency. Our continuous self- 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 evaluations and public input help ensure the continued improvement of our programs. A ir South Carolina enjoys some of the best air quality in the United States. We are one of a few states that currently meet all National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Meeting the standards is important to South Carolinians since clean air has a direct impact on our health, quality of life and the state's economy. Air pollutants covered by these standards include: ozone (0 3)1 sulfur dioxide (SO 2) , nitrogen dioxide (N02)1 particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and lead (Pb). Sulfur dioxide represents almost half the total tonnage of air gaseous emissions released per year by industry. The amount of lead emissions in the state is insignificant when compared to the remaining air emissions. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from all sources comprise a significant portion of total air emissions. Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards 14 The most prevalent air pollutant in the nation is ground-level ozone. Ground-level ozone, which can be transported over great distances forms when gaseous emissions of VOCs and nitrogen oxides (NOx) interact in the presence of sunlight. Motor vehicle exhaust accounts for one-third to one-half of all ozone-forming pollution generated by human activities, A,, The concentration of vehicles in our urban areas is a major contributor to elevated ozone levels. The total miles traveled in South Carolina in automobiles and trucks has increased 65 1 percent from 1980 to 1994 while the state population has increased by only 19 percent. The impact of increased vehicle emissions and our hot, sunny summers has contributed to several violations of the national ozone standard 'in the last few years. Each of these violations represents an exceedance of the NAAQS for one hour. The average number of violations per year is still less than the air quality standard, but this occasional detection of an elevated States in white meet all federal air quality standards concentration is a reminder of the need for continued efforts by DHEC and the citizens of the state. Air Emissions from Industry PM J-1.11 Ground-level Ozone in South Carolina Based on tons emitted per year from industrial sources. so, NO, (47.5%) = VOC = CO (5.2%) L Areas in brown indicate of (11.0%) higher concentrations ground-level ozone. Red nd'cate at'o ns of 'ne Red counties have had OS (27.5%) (8.5%) exceedances of the NAAOS concentration since 1993. Page 4 Air Ouality Pollution control measures required by federal and state regulations enacted during the past 20 years have contributed to dramatic reductions in pollution concentrations in our air, most notably particulates (smoke and dust) and lead. Administration of federal air regulations has been delegated to South Carolina. The efforts of facilities to limit emissions have generally been very successful. More than 96 percent of the facilities are meeting or exceeding requirements. Three-quarters of inspections are of permitted facilities. Inspections of open burning, most often prompted by citizen complaints, have the highest percentage of violations. Improper open burning primarily adds to particulate concentra- tions. The asbestos inspections noted are of buildings where the asbestos is being removed or contained. Air quality is directly influenced by pollutant emissions, pollutant transport and weather conditions. Episodes of stagnant air masses, which can concentrate pollutants over a large area, are common in the southeast coastal plain centered in our state. Since these weather conditions are beyond our control, Air Compliance Inspections Industry continuing to maintain good air quality in the state will depend in part on the willingness of Total Inspections Conducted 2,230 South Carolinians to change the ways in which we live, work and play. Asbestos M Open Burning Tips to Prevent Air PoHution (77.9%) Here are some no-cost, voluntary steps people can take to keep ozone levels down: @D Refuel vehicles after 6 p.m. :Z Avoid topping off gas tanks when refueling. Make sure all vehicles, including lawn equipment and recreational vehicles, are well (13.7%) maintained and work properly. (8.4%) When possible, combine all business, errand and recreational trips. :D Try to take vehicle routes that reduce stop-and-go traffic. Nor= Air Compliance Rate Air Emissions from IndustrV Emission Sources Sources in Industry includes major and minor sources Compliance 100 Noncompliant !D Sources 75 (96.4%) r 0 50 CL W 25 C (3.6%) 0 L Industry Asbestos pen Burning 0 Sources in Compliance Violation Detected - -------- -------- - - - ------ Page 5 Top Five Land Recycled Items Collected in Land is plentiful in South Carolina, but the increasing need to use it for waste disposal has South Carolina prompted a greater call to reduce, reuse and recycle. Every day we generate and discard from Landfill Types during 1994 our homes and workplaces large amounts of materials that need safe disposal. This volume 39 Municipal Solid includes solid waste created at home and in businesses; hazardous wastes produced during Waste Landf ills I . Yard Waste industrial activities; infectious waste produced by hospitals and during medical procedures; and (8 of these landfills (141,111 tons) radioactive wastes produced by industries and power plants. meet new, more 2. Construction & Underground storage tanks are also having an impact on the environment as more and more stringent design Demolition older tanks are found to be leaking. Mining also impacts land use and must be regulated to requirements) (50,073 tons) assure the land is restored after mining activities are completed. 105 Construction and Demolition 3. White Goods/ Solid Waste Landf ills Scrap Metal (43,805 tons) 60 Industrial Waste The largest volume of waste produced is household solid waste. On average, each South Landf ills 4. Industrial Waste Carolinian is responsible for the creation of eight pounds of solid waste a day. About five-and- 30 Local Govern- (40,623 tons) one-quarter pounds of this is municipal solid waste. The rest includes commercial, industrial, ment-Owned 5. Newspapers institutional and residential material. Landfills (28,210 tons) In the past, almost every county owned and operated its own municipal solid waste landfill. 9 Private Landfills Now the implementation of new laws has increased the financial commitment required of For information on communities to improve environmental protection features, monitoring and operations of recycling opportuni- landfills. Almost half of the county-owned or -operated landfills are now closed. The other half might close because of a 1993 ties, contact the law that requires landfills to have state-of-the-art design features to prevent environmental contamination. New laws are helping Office of Solid Waste curb the flow of waste into landfills, laws that prevent things like appliances, whole tires, and construction and yard debris from Reduction and being buried in landfills and that encourage recycling and reuse of material. The state has set a mandate of reducing waste by 30 Recycling at: percent and recycling 25 percent of all waste by 1997. 1-800-768-7348. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Used Oil Collected in South Carolina Recycling programs are growing in number and quality. In 1995, more than 1. 1 million tons of waste were recycled in South Carolina, more than double the 435,000 tons recycled in 700,000 1994. In 1993, only 87,557 tons were recycled. This continuing increase in the amount of M,320 gallons 613,050 gallons material being recycled can slow down the need for more land disposal space. 600,000 -------------------- ---------- -------- One reason recycling rates have increased is that more households have been offered .00,000 -------------------- ---------- ---------- ------- 4U,073 gallons recycling collection. Thirty-six counties offer some curbside collection to more than 646,000 o 400,000 -------------------- ----- -- --------------------- households. In addition, 41 counties have established almost 350 drop-off sites for more than 300,000 -------------------- ------------- ------ 1 1 847,000 households. 2S6,025 g.11 .. 200,000 ------- ---- ---------------------- DHEC offers two grant programs to encourage waste reduction at schools and colle es: 9 100,000 ------- - ------ ---------- -------------------- 40 ---- 441,1811 ----- -- ---------- --------- ...... ........ ------- - --------- 0 1 :Z The Environmental Education Grant Program supports public and private 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Sa.laacaow SC usaa, Oil school waste reduction programs and education activities. In fiscal year 11 a i"In"Ill, Usad goo, l.t oilp'n's. aff"t 1995, 43 grants were awarded to 21 school districts and two private schools. Z The Colleges and Universities Grant Program assists higher education institutions in establishing or expanding recycling collection or education programs. Seven grants Page 6 were awarded last year to colleges and universities. Hazardous Waste Waste is a byproduct of society that can pose a threat to human health or the environment if it's not managed properly. About 10 to 15 percent of all waste generated in the United States is Hazardous Waste hazardous. Many home products create hazardous waste, including paint and paint thinners, car batteries, cleaners - even mothballs. 400 Anyone who creates, transports, treats, stores or disposes of more than 220 pounds of 350 -44 ------------------ ------------------ hazardous waste a month in the state must notify DHEC, which maintains a tracking system of V) 300 --- --------- Received 13 C from Out 00 250 -------- --------- --------t of State companies and the amounts and types of waste generated. The agency also must authorize any llk@ 0 - generated waste transports into or within the state. 200 -------- --------- ------------------ in SC There are slightly more than 4,000 hazardous waste generators in South Carolina that 150 -------------- ---- -- - Shipped Out of produced 170,000 tons of waste (excluding wastewater) in fiscal year 1994. DHEC also 12 100 ----------------------------- State maintains records on 366 permitted hazardous waste transporters carrying material to waste 50 - ------------ facilities. In South Carolina these facilities include Laidlaw Environmental's Pinewood hazard- 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ous waste landfill, incinerators in York (which closed in November 1995) and Spartanburg counties, cement kilns in Orangeburg and Dorchester counties, and one of seven treatment or recycling centers. Superfund Decades ago it was common practice to dispose of hazardous materials in unlined and State Superfund Sites Requiring Action uncontrolled landfills or simply on the ground out back. Today those practices still haunt us with hazardous groundwater and soil contamination. 40 Now we must locate these old dump sites and assess the damage that has been done or the 31 30 - potential risk to the environment and public health. The worst ones get most of our attention 0 0. 23 M and resources. M41 20 - 18 in addition to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund, South Carolina has *6 16 a contingency fund used to clean up abandoned sites and to match federal funds for cleanup of E10 25% sites on the federal priority list. The state fund is financed from fees on waste buried at Z Laidlaw's Pinewood landfill. 0 Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year A Superfund cleanup is a time-consuming and complex process. It can take years and 1992 1993 1994 1995 thousands of dollars to investigate, assess, rank, search for potentially responsible parties and Action Voluntarily Performed determine a safe and proper course of cleanup. by Responsible Parties A site will make the federal Superfund list if it ranks among those with the highest potential of human health or environmental risk. The state contributes 10 percent of the cleanup costs if there is no potentially responsible party conducting the cleanup. An increasing number of responsible parties, however, are performing cleanup at Superfund sites, reducing the drain on state and federal funds. More than 500 sites in South Carolina are awaiting or undergoing evaluation for inclusion on the federal or state list. Slightly more than $916,000 in contingency funds were spent in fiscal year 1995, up from $635,342 spent in fiscal year 1994. The number of state Superfund sites requiring investigation or cleanup increased from 18 in fiscal year 1992 to a cumula- tive total of 31 in 1995. Page 7 Mine Reclamation Emergency Response Mining companies use a Accidents involving hazardous and nonhazardous materials occur on the state's highways, at industrial sites and in the state's variety of reclamation waterways. DHEC's Emergency Response Section provides on-site consultation and monitoring of these events. The section also practices that protect and restore the environment for maintains a 24-hour emergency reporting system, oversees the emergency response contract at state Superfund sites, serves as the useful purposes. Mined land state source for Toxic Release Inventory information, investigates fish kills and makes sure the state's 490 registered terminal is reclaimed as grassland, facilities have Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure plans in place. pastureland, ponds and In fiscal year '95, the section received 1,730 calls on the 24-hour line, the majority of which were to report petroleum spills. lakes, woodlands, wildlife habitats, recreational areas The unit received 1,676 calls in fiscal year 1994. This was an increase of 54 calls over the previous year. One-third of the year's and commercial develop- responses were to petroleum spills, and 23 fish kills were investigated. ments. To ensure the completion of the reclama- tion following mining, DHEC Infectious Waste currently has more than $19 million in reclamation bonds Infectious wastes are materials generated in the health care community in the diagnosis, treatment, immunization or care of on file. :)More than half the 8,000 human beings, or during autopsies or research. The Division of Infectious Waste oversees facilities that generate and dispose of acres of mined land that infectious waste. In 1995, 4,200 generators reported producing 18,860 tons a year (or 1,571 tons a month) of infectious waste. has been reclaimed in Most of it was disposed of at a North Carolina incinerator under contract that year to the S.C. Hospital Association. The rest was South Carolina is now disposed of in eight hospital incinerators throughout the state or went to other commercial incinerators including Chambers grassland. Medical Technologies' Hampton County facility. Chambers burned 882 tons of in-state wastes in 1994, the most current year's :D Reclamation of mined land figures available. About 23,000 tons of out-of-state waste were incinerated at the facility that year. can be influenced by regional and local geology. About 90 percent of Mining and Reclamation mining operations in the lower coastal plain are reclaimed to ponds and The mining industry in South Carolina produced 14 mineral commodities Mining in lakes because of the high during fiscal year 1995 with a total value estimated at $479 million (according to South Carolina water table. the U.S. Bureau of Mines). South Carolina ranked first nationally in the production :)One kaolin mine was and sales of ven-niculite and second in kaolin. Overall, South Carolina ranks in the Cominodity No. of Mines reclaimed as a municipal top 30 nationally in the value of all nonfuel mineral commodities produced. landfill. After the landfill The Mining and Reclamation Division coordinates with 280 mining companies Sand ........................................... 185 was closed, wells were drilled to recover meth- involved with 489 active mine sites. During the fiscal year, the division evaluated Sand/Clay Fill ............................ 110 ane, a gas produced by 37 applications for mining pen-nits, issued 38 new mining pennits, conducted 31 Vermiculite .................................... 37 decomposing organic environmental appraisals and 999 mine inspections. A total of 8,077 acres of Granite ......................................... 34 matter. The recovered inined land has been reclaimed for other uses since the start of the Mining and Kaolin .......................................... 34 methane is used as a fuel source to operate a kaolin Reclamation program. Approximately 70,000 acres are under permit throughout Clay .............................................. 25 processing plant. South Carolina. Limestone ..................................... 19 @DJ.M. Huber Corporation's Gold mining returned to South Carolina in 1985 with the opening of the Halle Shale ............................................ 12 Richardson Kaolin Mine in Mine in Lancaster County. From 1985 through 199 1, four gold mines were estab- Sand & Gravel ............................. 16 Aiken County received the lished in South Carolina. Production from these mines through 1995 has exceeded Sericite ........................................... 6 first National Mine Land I million ounces of gold. Currently, one mine remains in roduction. The remaining Manganese Schist .......................... 4 Reclamation Award p Gold ............................................... 5 presented by the Inter- three mines are undergoing closure and reclamation activities to restore the mined Peat ................................................ I state Mining Compact land to other productive uses and to protect the environment and human health and Fuller's Earth ................................. I Commission in 1987 safety. (project photograph on Total 489 back cover). Water South Carolina's waters are not only a magnet for recreation, but may be the most vital of our natural resources. The condi- tion of water in our lakes, streams and coastal estuaries is a strong indicator of the environment's health. Clean water supports a diverse and vibrant plant and animal community below, on the surface and in adjoining land areas. Unseen but no less important are the underground aquifers that provide much of our drinking water. The impact of our activities on surface and groundwater affects our ability to safely use the waters for recreation, industry, agriculture and as a food and water source. DHEC protects and manages these water resources and allocates and coordinates water quality activities using a watershed- based approach. A watershed is a geographic area into which the surrounding waters, sediments and dissolved materials drain. Its boundaries extend along surrounding topographic ridges. The state is divided into five major drainage basins - Savannah- Salkehatchie, Saluda-Edisto, Catawba-Santee, Pee Dee and Broad. The management strategy for one basin is reviewed each year so that no plan is older than five years. Greenville' Cherokee South Carolina Each basin requires a year of water quality monitor- I York Watershed Basins Pickens Spartanburg ing followed by a year of data assessment and three Oconee :- I years of implementation, including permitting activities Union Chester Lancaster"',,, Chesterfield allowed in the basin. Water quality problems detected in Marlboro,,' the basin will be prioritized and addressed. Anderson Laurens Fairfield Dillon r Kershaw Darlington i This watershed approach is effective because: Abbeville Newberry Lee Marion Greenwood Local level participation in watershed quality is increased; Saluda Richland Florence McCormick Horry Lexington Sumter Water use plans are focused on water quality protection; Edgefield The emphasis is on identifying water quality problems and Aiken Calhoun Clarendon Williamsburg Georgetown prevention; Orangeburg It allows the department to address congressional and legislative Barnwell Bamberg Dorchester Berkeley mandates in a coordinated manner; Allendale Z It allows DHEC to better use current resources; Hampton Colleton It improves communication between the department, the regulated community and Charlestor the public on existing and future water quality issues; @ @ W_ = Broad Jasper Beaufort = Catawba-Santee It allows for more efficient issuance of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination = Pee Dee System (NPDES) and state wastewater discharge pen-nits. = Saluda-Edisto = Savannah-Salkehatchie Page 9 Surface Water Fish Consumption South Carolina has approximately 35,000 miles of rivers, 525,000 acres of lakes, and 950 square miles of estuaries. These Advisories waters are classified to define the uses that must be protected and the minimum water quality standards. Of all assessed waters Toxic substances such - those that are routinely monitored - approximately 76 percent fully supported those uses (60 percent of rivers and streams, as mercury and polychlori- 99 percent of lakes, and 71 percent of estuaries). Uses include support of fish and wildlife, domestic or industrial water supply, nated biphenyls (PCBs) recreation, agriculture and navigation. persist in the environment and can accumulate in The most commonly detected deficiency in rivers and streams is the amount of fecal coliform bacteria; in lakes the concentra- fish. When these pollut- tion of heavy metals, and in estuaries a lack of dissolved oxygen. The most common source of pollution is runoff that contains ants are detected at contaminants and sediment. concentrations that should The majority of the state's 1, 100 square miles of coastal concern consumers, an advisory is issued. Forty- shellfish growing waters are unconditionally approved for safe six states have fish shellfish harvesting. When water quality is acceptable, an consumption advisories in Surface Water Ouality additional 215 square miles can be opened. Typically, only 2 effect. Assessed Waters Support of percent (21 square miles) of potential harvesting areas are Mercury - In South Classified Use closed due to nearby marinas or discharges. Carolina, fish from 18 Good rivers and nine lakes and Fair Long-term trends in many important water quality indica- ponds contain mercury at tors show that water quality has been protected or improved for levels high enough to (76%) Poor the majority of South Carolina's waters. Significant reductions prompt human health in BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), nitrogen and phosphorus warnings and consump- tion advisories. if ingested have been achieved through DHEC's NPDES (National Pollu- in large enough amounts, (14%) tion Discharge Elimination System) permitting efforts. The mercury can cause brain phosphate detergent ban, instituted by the SC Legislature in damage in adults and can 1992, has also contributed greatly to the reduction in phos- damage the brains of (10%) developing fetuses. Thirty- phor-us. Changes in land use development have led to increased nine states, including runoff and a decrease in the clarity of our waters. More than most of those in the Southeast and along the half the waters assessed have shown increased turbidity. Atlantic Coast, have issued consumption advisories for mercury. Trends in Selected Water Quality Parameters Since 1980 The source of the mercury Shellfish Harvesting Status Approved (Percent of Miles Assessed) is not known but research Restricted Five-Day T is being conducted Boo 1.63 throughout the Eastern Prohibited Total United States. The Conditionally Phosphorus + 3.49 Total amount of deposition Approved Nitroge 0.48 through precipitation or (67.2%) _J + from the air is being Suspende investigated by DHEC. Solid. + Bacteria W PCBs - The advisories (13.1%) A Dissolved issued for Lake Hartwell in Oxygen 1976 and for Langley Turbidity Pond in Aiken County in 1986 remain in effect. (19.5%) (.2%) Current as of 4 1 _H November 1995 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% improving M No Change = Degrading Page 10 Groundwater An emphasis on assessing potential sources of groundwater contamination over the past few years has led to the discovery of more than 2,500 contaminated sites by 1995 compared to Underground Storage Tanks only 60 known in 1980. The increased awareness of the unique nature and value of our ground- Rernediation Activity water resources has led to requirements to better monitor the 19,000 registered underground 12,000 storage tanks in the state. Lengthy and expensive remediation efforts are required for the 10,000 1995 Registered Tank Total ------------------ contaminated areas posing the greatest risk. Although underground storage tanks pose the 8,000 19,387 Active Tanks ------------ greatest risk, many activities can lead to contamination. Accidents, leaking lagoons or pits and 6,000 20,837 Closed ------- landfills all contributed to contamination detected in 1994. Most instances of contamination involve petroleum products, primarily gasoline. Nonvolatile organic compounds or metals were 4,000 ---------------------------------- 2,000 -------------------------- involved in 15 percent of the sites. Contamination was most often found in the populated and 0 industrialized areas, primarily in the coastal counties (80 cases), the Columbia area (326 cases) 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 and in the 1-85 corridor (403 cases). Completed = Initial Action Underground Storage Tanks L Confirmed Release No Further Action DHEC no longer requires that all groundwater cleanups be performed to drinking water standards. Each release is evaluated to determine the level of risk it poses to human health and the environment. After each evaluation, the agency and the underground storage tank owner or operator can agree on site-specific cleanup levels. Many petroleum releases represent little or no threat, and no further action will be required. Some releases need to be moni- tored over time to verify the assumed risk and to confirm that the petroleum is breaking down naturally. A registry of all release assessment projects that have been concluded is being developed. This risk-based philosophy allows DHEC to focus its limited resources from the State Underground Petroleum Environmen- tal Response Bank (SUPERB) account on cleaning up those releases that pose a significant threat to humans or the environment. Drinking Water Of the state's 2,700 public drinking water systems, about 750 are community water systems that serve 78 percent or approxi- mately 2.8 million residents in cities, subdivisions, apartments and mobile homes. About 20 percent of state residents have private wells. There are 2,514 public water systems that draw groundwater as the sole source of water. Surface water - above-ground water such as in lakes and rivers - supply 56 public water systems. Eight public systems use a combination of the two, and 204 systems buy water from other systems. ---- --------- DHEC monitors public water systems for a variety of contaminants, including coliform bacteria that must be removed from surface water drinking sources and petroleum products that can reach groundwater from leaking underground storage tanks. Drinking water quality in South Carolina is exceptionally high. Of the state's 753 community systems, only I I violations of federal standards were recorded during fiscal year 1994-95. Four were for nitrates and seven for fluoride. Page 11 Monitored Radiation Facilities The use of radioactive materials affects the lives of South Carolinians every day. From medical use of x-rays to the power 1 .VC. Summer produced at our four nuclear power plants, the responsible use and safe disposal of radioactive material is important today and in Nuclear Power Plant the future. 2. Oconee Nuclear The operations at 10 major facilities in the state range from production and fabrication to use for sterilization and power Power Plant production and on to final disposal. The potential for impact on air, land and water quality prompts the continual monitoring of 3. Catawba Nuclear all possible pathways. Samples of air, water, soil, vegetation, fish and milk are collected throughout the state. Complicating the Power Plant analysis of these samples for the very low levels present are the traces of naturally occurring radioactive elements found in South Carolina's soil. 4. H.B. Robinson Lessthan.1 percent of the more than 22,000 analyses performed last year detected radiation above any limits or guidelines, Nuclear Power Plant and none of those were due to man-made isotopes. Naturally occurring radon and radium were responsible in those few samples. 5. Savannah River Site 6. Westinghouse Radon Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is the second leading cause of all lung cancers and the leading cause of lung 7. Charleston Naval cancer among non-smokers. Indoor radon levels depend on many factors including how much radon is in the soil, how buildings Shipyard, are constructed, how well they are ventilated and even weather conditions. NS Savannah DHEC and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have worked closely with Clemson University to develop a statewide 8. Westinghouse Decon radon program and a preliminary database of indoor radon levels. Two surveys detertnined that the highest concentrations of Facility, Isomedix, Bausch & Lomb radon in the state are in Greenville and the surrounding counties. 9. Becton Dickinson, Generally, there are higher levels in the Upstate because there is more granite in the soil. While the Coastal Plain normally Sumter has the lowest levels, Charleston is an exception. The potential for higher radon concentrations there is due to a larger proportion of phosphate in the soil. 10. Chem-Nuclear & Testing for radon can be simple and inexpensive. The two most common commercially available kits are charcoal canisters Carolina Metals and alpha track detectors. Firms can also measure indoor radon. DHEC maintains a list of fintis that 0 measure radon or provide consult- Average In-home Radon Concentrations u- ing set-vices. The statewide toll- Numbers are picocuries per liter of air. A-- Faidioid free radon hotline number is 1-800-768-0362 (in Columbia 803-734- Power 4631). Under 1.0 1.0 to 1.9 Production M 2.0 to 2.9 Use EPA recommends = 3.0 to 3.9 Disposal reduction measures be taken if 4.0 picocuries = 4.0 and above or greater is detected in your home. Page 12 L__r km Environmental Quality Control Number of Permitted Environmental Quality Control (EQC) is one of five deputy areas in DHEC. EQC's role in support of DHEC's stated mis- Facilities bV sion, "To promote andprotect the health of the public and the environment, " is the administration and application of the Program methods provided in law and regulation to preserve and improve the quality of our environment while supporting continued in 1995 economic development. EQC's actions are primarily in the permitting and inspection of facilities, the monitoring of industrial and facility activity and (a facility can hold more ambient concentrations of pollutants, resolving permit requirement violations through compliance and enforcement, and respond- than one permit) ing to potential health threats from natural or man-made events. These activities are conducted to ensure that any human activity that can have a significant impact on the quality of our air, land and water is carried out so that the impact is minimized. Other National Pollution duties include issuing licenses, certifications, registrations, promoting environmental quality initiatives and reporting the results Discharge Elimination of statewide environmental quality efforts. System (NPDES) .... 1,727 It is EQC's responsibility to ensure that facilities operating in the state do so in a manner that is protective of our health and environment. South Carolina's future economic viability and natural resource protection depend on continued attention to com- Drinking Water Protection prehensive and integrated planning with scientifically justifiable reasons for permit requirements and compliance and enforcement (includes spas, pools, decisions. underground storage tanks) ................... 12,473 Permitting Bureau of Air Quality .............. 1,810 A business may have to obtain a permit from the state to construct and/or operate a facility. The permit is an agreement that binds the owner and operator to specific design requirements and to minimum performance standards and procedures. Permits are Resource Conservation used to assure that impact from human activity on health and the environment is minimal. Recovery Act ......... 4,358 DHEC is working to streamline its permit process to avoid unnecessary duplication of requirements and to more effectively Comprehensive and efficiently use staff and resources to concentrate on environmental protection. The agency now uses general permits for Environmental Response, industries with little-to-no environmental impact. Compensation and The agency has also combined several permit requirements Liability Act ................ 364 for coastal counties and has worked to reduce the number of (Superfund) contacts an applicant will have with the agency. These efforts Consent Orders Issued have been aided by the restructuring that merged DHEC with Infectious waste ......... 25 the former Coastal Council and the regulatory sections of the 100 91 Land Resources Commission and the Water Resources Coin- 90 - Radiological waste .... 553 82 mission. 80 - 76 70 Solid waste landfills .. 199 DHEC issues 25 different pennits to cover the variety of 0 70 - activities with the potential to have an impact on public health E 4) 60 - Mining and and the environment. A pen-nit is issued if an applicant meets all the technical requirements for the operation of a facility. 00 50 - Reclamation .............. 489 'do) 40 - The primary responsibility of DHEC as the regulatory body is :3 0 30 to apply regulations to each particular situation. It is not 2 30 - EQC's role to decide where a particular facility should be 0 20 - 18 114 130 J 18 located. Local governments can best determine if the commu- 10 - nity is served by the construction and operation of a new or 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 expanded facility. The expertise in EQC is available to assist with those decisions and support local solutions to local % of Orders with Penalties 0 % Other Orders problems. Page 13 In general, a company seeking a permit must provide plans, specifications and descriptions of pollutant-emitting processes. Other information may be required, depending on the type of permit needed. A fee is assessed to help fund environmental programs. In 1995 the General Assembly passed the Environmental Protection Fees regulation, which establishes a program for assessing and collecting fees, and also sets schedules for timely action on permit applications. This regulation requires the department to return application fees if the schedules for timely review are not met. If a permit is denied, the applicant has the right to an appeal, which will be heard before an administrative judge. The judge's decision can be appealed to the Board of Health and Environmental Control. Appeals of coastal permits are heard before the Coastal Appellate Panel, and mining permit appeals are heard before the SC Mining Council. Board appeals are heard in circuit court. Often a facility will be subject to requirements administered by several program areas. It is recommended that early contact with SC DHEC through the appropriate bureau or liaison (see page 18) be incorporated into the planning stage of each project. Orders Issued Compliance 600 500 ------------------------------------------------ After a facility has its permit to operate, the focus shifts to ensuring that operation and 400 ------------------------------------ --- ---- emissions are in compliance with regulations and permit requirements. EQC's compliance 30 staff is part of a team of specialists with scientific, technical and management skills located at local EQC district offices and in Columbia. These professionals monitor and inspect 20 facility operations to ensure that pollution control equipment continues to be operated as 10 designed. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Where noncompliance is detected, EQC staff efforts are directed first toward returning (Th..gh the process to compliance. That, coupled with a consistent and reasonable enforcement Bureau Octobe,) process when responding to noncompliance, helps ensure protection of the health of the AQ WPC DWP SHWM citizens of South Carolina and the environment. A large majority of the facilities permitted by EQC are in compliance. The compliance rate for the air program is typical of other programs, with more than 96 percent of permitted facilities meeting all requirements. More often than not, noncompliance does not Penalties Assessed involve releases to the environment, but a failure to meet all 440 procedural requirements. 400 - 360 - 351 Facility Monitoring 320 - 303 280 - The owners or operators of a facility may be required by 240 - 221 226 x the permit to sample, record and report the concentrations of 44 200 - the pollutants they release. Groundwater monitoring and 160 - 121 sampling may also be required. Environmental monitoring 0 0 120 provides the data necessary to confirm the performance of 80 required controls and can help deten-nine the impact of the 40 1990 1991 -1992 1993 1994 facility on the local environment. Page 14 Enforcement Other Requirements Once a violation of regulation or pen-nit is detected and Licensing: Individuals who perform certain tasks in a business documented, a Notice of Violation (NOV) is issued to the or industry may have to hold a license. In some instances, this responsible party. An enforcement conference is scheduled to is in addition to the permit(s) required for the construction and/ discuss the violation. (If the responsible party fails to respond or operation of the facility itself. to the notice, DHEC may pursue the violation through court or by an administrative order requiring the company to Registration: Owners or operators may have to provide comply with the law.) notification and a description of their facility that is in opera- After the enforcement conference, DHEC may issue a tion at the time a new regulation becomes effective. consent order in which the responsible party and DHEC agree on necessary actions to correct the violation. DHEC also may Certification: Businesses or industries may be required to issue a civil penalty based on guidelines in the agency's document or provide affidavits showing that they are in Uniform Enforcement Policy. Civil penalties are not kept by compliance with a regulation or standard, or have constructed DHEC, but are returned to the general fund and are assessed a facility in a certain way. This documentation is typically based on one or more of the following factors: required to be signed by a notary, professional engineer, :D Degree or potential degree of harm; professional geologist and/or a registered land surveyor. In all instances, these individuals must be registered to practice their @Z Extent of deviation from the requirements, profession in the State of South Carolina. In some instances frequency or duration of violation; certification may need to be obtained from the agency for the proposed activity. Laboratories performing environmental @D Economic benefit gained from noncompliance; analyses reported to EQC are required to be certified, dernon- strating proficiency before results can be accepted. :Z Cost of restoration; Reporting: Owners and/or operators may be required to :D Past perfon-nance record; report such information as it relates to the operation of certain types of equipment, units, emissions of specific pollutants, or :D Degree of willfulness and/or neglect; storage and the use of toxic substances. @D Other pertinent factors that measure the serious- Monitoring: Owners and/or operators may be required to ness or frequency of the violation or the conduct sample and record levels of emissions, including air pollutants, of the responsible party. wastewater and dust. The monitoring activity may also include groundwater. Monitoring data submitted to the department Planning must be conducted by a lab certified by EQC. The State Implementation Plan for Air Quality and the Watershed Management Plan are only two of the resource management documents that describe the efforts to guarantee the protection of our resources, guide permit, compliance and enforcement activity, and allow continued economic develop- ment. Guided by these plans, cooperative efforts are under- way with neighboring states to preserve common resources. Environmental Monitoring Information about our environment is collected by people who operate the state's ambient monitoring networks. The monitor- ing and analysis provide the quality data that guide decisions of environmental quality professionals in government and industry and informs the public. The monitoring and sampling networks are operated to support several main objectives: Assess Environmental Quality - Determining the current state of the air or water quality and tracking trends can provide information to support decisions and planning. Support Regulatory Activities - Infon-nation on ambient conditions is needed to be able to set environmental quality-based permit requirements and assess compliance with the pen-nits issued. Evaluate Environmental Quality Programs - The effectiveness of the varied approaches to environmental protection can be evaluated and the programs improved by measuring the ultimate effect on the environment. Monitoring the condition of the environment requires the talents and skills of microbiologists, chemists, geologists, techni- Ambient cians and managers working in the field and in laboratories. Sampling is performed throughout the year at designated sites to Monitoring support DHEC's activities and, when necessary, in response to emergencies, unusual conditions or complaints. Networks Ambient monitoring networks are designed to determine current air and water quality and long-term trends. In addition, sampling may be performed to help answer specific questions. The ambient surface water monitoring network has three station types. A statewide primary station network is sampled monthly to provide year-round data for the widest variety of parameters at high-use areas and at back- ground sites. The secondary station locations are more flexible and are focused toward point sources and known 0 0, water quality problems. These sites may be changed as necessary and are sampled from May 0 00 'i to October. to 0 0 Watershed stations provide more complete and representative coverage of a water- 00 shed during the first year of the watershed management rotation. They may be @'O 0 '0 qP 0 sampled every month or only during the summer sampling period as required to 00 obtain a comprehensive picture of the watershed. 0 0 Sources for public drinking water systems and the treated water are 0 0 sampled and analyzed regularly to ensure safe water supplies. Water from Al 0 ate wells can be analyzed for contaminants by request. 0 priv Like water, air quality data is collected using three networks that monitor 0 0 0 "0,-!-, background concentrations, areas where the population is at greatest risk of 0 4- exposure, and where source impact on air quality may be significant. Most air Y monitoring is concentrated in and around our major urban areas and is done 0 continuously, with sampling taking place 24 hours a day and the data recovered each � Primary Water 0 10 '00 day over phone lines. National Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS) are part of a nationwide 0 system collecting data where pollutant concentration and population exposure's expected Monitoring Stations � Air Monitoring 0 to be highest. Supplementing these are State and Local Monitoring Sites (SLAMS) that Stations 0 monitor background, source impact and population exposure. Special Purpose Monitors (SPMs) are used to collect data about state standard concentrations and to answer questions about If spec ic problems. Page 16 Most water and air samples are analyzed at the Environmental Quality Control Laboratories located in Columbia. Future Challenges Drycleaning Regional Approach to Landfilling Brownfields Initiative Trust Fund On July 1, 1995, the New federal and state requirements for landfill design and Brownfields are abandoned, idled or underused industrial state created a trust fund operation reinforce the importance of regional approaches to and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is to assess and clean up providing services. Solid waste landfills face up to $500,000 complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination. contamination from drycleaning facilities. an acre in design and operation costs to meet standards The state and federal goal is to assist in economic redevelop- Funding .comes from effective Oct. 1, 1998. The requirements are designed prima- ment by working together in a timely manner to assess, safely donations by each rily to protect groundwater. Fifteen of the state's 39 municipal clean up and sustainably reuse brownfields. An assessment drycleaner from income landfills have confirmed groundwater contamination. will determine how many of these sites there are in the state. tax, plus funds from a Many local governments have reached their landfill national surcharge on capacity and don't have the resources to build facilities and Nonpoint Sources some of the toxic materi- als used. clean up contamination around existing landfills. Regional Most people blame water pollution on large industries, but Drycleaning facilities systems must be explored along with new ways to reduce the use hazardous and some amounts of waste going into landfills. much pollution comes from "nonpoint," or runoff, sources. carcinogenic solvents in Rainwater collects contaminants as it flows toward lakes and their processes that Ozone rivers. Nutrients, dissolved metals, bacteria and pesticides also possibly have migrated damage water quality. Industry and the public must reduce the into groundwater. DHEC use of potential pollutants, use environmentally friendly must develop regulations Occasional violations of the one-hour ozone standard products, and avoid washing pollutants into creeks and for conducting assess- detected in the Upstate and Midlands is an indicator of the streams. ments and establishing a increasing impact of urbanization on air quality. The reaction system to prioritize cleanups at these of sunlight and the ozone precursors (VOCs and NOx) Hazardous Air Pollutants facilities. generated in population centers affects areas downwind. The determination that an area is not attaining the standard would The Clean Air Act Amendments establish requirements for result in more requirements to control emissions from vehicles 174 types of industries that emit hazardous air pollutants. The and industries. Motor vehicle emissions in some parts of the EPA is establishing Maximum Achievable Control Technology state may account for as much as 80 percent of all ozone- (MACT) standards for each type. South Carolina has author- forming pollution generated by human activities. ity to implement the MACT requirements. Efforts are being made to identify and assist affected industries. EPA's Re-evaiuation of Air Standards Toxic Chemical Releases The EPA is considering modifying the National Ambient Although the total amount of toxic material released each Air Quality Standards for particulate matter (PM), Sulfur year tracked in the Toxic Release Inventory has steadily Dioxide (SO 2) and ozone. EPA is expected to establish a decreased, the reduction is not as large as in many other states. standard for PM less than 2.5 microns in diameter. The Between 1988 and 1993, South Carolina facilities reduced the proposed SO 2standard revision is aimed toward very short (5 amount released by 20 percent compared to the national minute) exposures. The proposed changes in the ozone average of 37 percent. The state has risen from 23rd to 12th in standard lower the allowable concentration and lengthen the rank nationally for the total amount released. More than 95 averaging time. Some areas of the state that meet the current percent of the material is released into the air. Accelerating the NAAQS will be in danger of being designated "nonattain- rate of improvement will require the attention of industry, Page 17 ment" under the new standard. regulators and the public. DHEC Access Information Resources DHEC's Home Page on the World Wide Web Points of Contact at the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control contains information about the agency, including contacts and Understanding the complexities of health and environmental issues can phone numbers of the be a frustrating and time-consuming task for businesses, industries, cities, The Center for experts who can answer counties, towns and residents. In support of EQC district offices, DHEC's your health and environ- six liaisons provide a contact point for specific needs. Waste Minimization mental questions. It can be accessed by: Alice Truluck serves as a contact for the regulated community, community Reducing the amount of waste we create is an important goal in preserving our http://www. state. sc. us/ groups and citizens regarding concerns and questions on agency policies environment. We must incorporate waste dhec/ and regulations. She is also director of the agency's Freedom of Informa- reduction and recycling into our daily lives, tion Center. She can be reached at (803) 734-4880. and the same is true for industry and business. Bulletin Board Lillian Mood coordinates the risk communication program within Environ- Waste minimization or pollution prevention occurs by turning to alternative manufactur- mental Quality Control. She is a key contact for citizens who have questions ing methods that use less toxic or non-toxic The Bureau of Air or concems about environmental activities in their communities and possible materials. This helps reduce costs, treat- Quality has an electronic health effects. She can be reached at (803) 734-5440. ment and disposal liabilities, saves raw bulletin board that materials and energy, improves the provides current informa- industry's public image and promotes tion on air programs, Willie J. Morgan is DHEC's permitting liaison. Morgan is responsible for compliance. issues and regulations. A coordinating the permits that businesses and industries need from any - or DHEC developed the Center for Waste summary of the permit all - DHEC program areas. He serves as the primary contact and advocate Minimization in 1990 to help industries applications that have for the regulated community and can be reached at (803) 734-5179. reduce and recycle wastes. The center's been received by DHEC technical specialists have experience in will soon be available. The industry and are familiar with current waste bulletin board can be F. Ann Ragan is responsible for coordinating activities involving federal minimization technologies and strategies for accessed 24 hours a day facilities and is the primary contact for the Department of Energy, Depart- specific operations. and is easy to use. All you ment of Defense and other interested par-ties on cleanup, permitting and Each year the center assists about 300 need is a computer, compliance issues. She can be reached at (803) 734-472 1. callers and performs about 60 free, non- modem and telephone. regulatory waste assessments. The center's To access the bulletin clients have reported more than $1 million in board set the communica- Robin Stephens is the state's Small Business Ombudsman. She serves as savings per year in waste management tion software to N81, advocate for small businesses, providing referrals to appropriate technical expenses and a reduction of more than then dial (803) 734-3752. staff, outreach on regulations and resolving small business problems. She 180,000 gallons of oil and solvent 'waste. To access a systems can be reached at (803) 734-6487 or 1-800-819-9001. The center also maintains a network with operator between regional and national information centers on 8:30arn and 5pm, dial William R. "Bill" Krecker is the state's enforcement liaison. He coordi- waste minimization and a library of waste (803) 734-3728. minimization information. Speakers are also nates enforcement activities involving the state's regulated community and available to discuss waste reduction meth- assists with planning and development of legislation. He can be reached at ods with industry trade associations. (803) 734-5279. The center's representatives can be reached by calling (803) 734-4715. Page 18 Bureau Responsibilities DHEC Publications, Reports SmaH Bureau of Air Quality .................................. (803) 734-4750 South Carolina Nuclear Facility Environmental Radiation Business Designs, implements emission control regulations Monitoring, 1994 Annual Report Assistance Construction and operation permits Program Compliance inspections Statewide Water Quality Assessment, FY 1992-1993 DHEC established the [305(b)] Small Business Assis- Bureau of Drinking Water Protection ....... (803) 734-5310 tance Program (SBAP) Reviews new water systems plans Nonpoint Source Management Program, July 1995 (Draft) in 1994 to assist small Inspects water systems during and after construction business owners with the complex Clean Air Conducts routine monitoring program Used Oil Collection and Recycling in South Carolina, 1994 Act Amendments. The Inspects public swimming areas and pools Annual Report amendments require some small businesses with emissions to Bureau of Solid and Watershed Water Quality Management Strategy in obtain permits, which Hazardous Waste Management .................. (803) 896-4000 South Carolina, Program Description they previously did not have to do. Issues permits for hazardous, infectious, More than 200 small radiological and solid waste programs Environmental Permitting in South Carolina businesses have Monitors for compliance contacted the state Small Business Om- Collects environmental samples South Carolina Superfund Annual Report, July 1, 1993 - budsman with ques- :Z Assures proper waste disposal June 30, 1994 tions about how Responds to emergencies regulations affect them and, when necessary, Hazardous Waste Activities Reported in South Carolina how to get a permit. Bureau of Water Pollution Control ............ (803) 734-5300 for 1993 The program helps Z Ensures dischargers have proper wastewater them determine sources of emissions treatment systems 1993 South Carolina Air Quality Annual Report, Vol. XII and what type of permit Monitors for compliance they need. Additionally, the program has helped Ensures shellfish sanitation Watershed Water Quality Management Strategy, new businesses during Collects samples for water quality problems Savannah-Salkehatchie Basin (Executive Summary) startup. The types of companies helped include drycleaners, Bureau of District Services ......................... (803) 734-5383 Watershed Water Quality Management Strategy, sandblasters, foundries, :) Performs inspections Saluda-Edisto Basin (Executive Summary) sawmills, small textile � Responds to emergencies companies and compa- � Investigates citizen complaints South Carolina Ground-Water Contamination Inventory nies with paint booths. Collects environmental samples 1995 For more information, call SBAP: Bureau of EQC Laboratories ..................... (803) 935-7031 The Bureau of Drinking Water Protection Annual Report (803) 734-6487 Certifies environmental laboratories fior Fiscal Year 1995 or Performs ambient air monitoring 1-800-819-9001 :Z Analyzes waste and water samples (Some documents are available in limited quantities and Performs radiological monitoring may require a copying charge.) I Page 19 1. Appalachia I Environmental Quality Control Districts (Anderson, Oconee) (864) 260-5569 2. Appalachia H Indicates District Office Location (Greenville, Pickens) (864) 241-1090 3. Appalachia III (Cherokee, Spartanburg, Cherokee Union) Greenville A& (864) 596-3800 York 4. Catawba Pickens 2 Spartanburg (Chester, Lancaster, York) 3 4 (803) 285-7461 Oconee 5. Central Midlands Union Chester Lancaster' Chesterfield Marlboro (Fairfield, Lexington, 1 Newberry, Richland) Anderson Laurens (803) 935-7015 Fairfield Dillon / Kershaw Darlington 6. Low CountrV (Beaufort, Colleton, 10 Newberry Hampton, Jasper) Abbeville Lee Mario, (803) 522-9097 Greenwood 5 Florence 7. Lower Savannah Saluda Richland (Aiken, Allendale, Bamberg, McCormick Sumter Horry Barnwell, Calhoun, Lexington Orangeburg) (803) 641-7670 Edgefield Calhoun Clarendo Williamsburg S. Pee Doe (Chesterfield, Darlington, Aiken Dillon, Florence, Marion, Marlboro) 7 Orangeburg Georgetown (863) 661-4825 9. Trident Barnwell Bamberg Dorchester Berkeley (Berkeley, Charleston, Dorchester) @'Ij (803) 740-1590 Allendale 9 10. Upper Savannah Colleton (Abbeville, Edgefield, H ampton Greenwood, Laurens, -h@ - McCormick, Saluda) C Charleston (864) 223-0333 11. Waccamaw South Carolina- (Georgetown, Horry, Jasper Boeauforrt Williamsburg) (803) 448-1902 DHEC 12. Wateree Department of Health and Environmental Control (Clarendon, Kershaw, Lee, Sumter) (803) 778-1531 Other DHEC Publications [I Environmental Permitting in S.C. SC DHEC publishes a variety of El Statewide Water Quality Assessment E] Nonpoint Source Management Program documents that contain environmental Watershed Water Quality Management - data. Please check any publications Program Description below you would like to receive and Watershed Strategy, Savannah-Salkehatchie (Executive Summary) return card to: Watershed Strategy, Saluda-Edisto (Executive SC DHEC Summary) DIVISION OF MEDIA RELATIONS El Hazardous Waste Activities Reported in S.C. 2600 BULL ST. 1993 Annual Reports on: COLUMBIA SC 29201 El Nuclear Facility Radiation Monitoring (Availability of some publications is limited and [-] Used Oil Collection and Recycling could require a cost. You will be notified before your E] S.C. Superfund order is f illed if there is a cost associated with your [] Air Quality request.) E] Drinking Water Name Daytime Phone Address City, State, Zip What do you think? We'd like your comments on The Quality of the Environment in South Carolina Jft@ IV aL "'41"2- U" DHECA"m9P,4/",2/,cLqA 3 6668 14100 19! AA 0