[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]











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                                          TOWN  OF URBANNA
                                              VIRGINIA

                                    KASTER PLAN FOR WATER AND
                                       WASTEWATER  FACILITIES
                                            PROJECT 9065


                                            FINAL  REPORT
                                          AUGUST  2 lp 1991


































                                            w LIM

                         R.  STUART   ROYER      ASSOCIATES,    INC.
                             CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS
                                           w








                                         RICHMOND. VIRGINIA




























                                          TOWN OF URBANNA
                                              VIRGINIA


                                    MASTER PLAN FOR WATER AND
                                       WASTEWATER FACILITIES
                                            PROJECT 9065


                                            FINAL REPORT
                                          AUGUST 21, 1991























                                           PREPARED BY:


                              R. STUART ROYER AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
                               CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS
                                       .8227 HERMITAGE ROAD
                                       RICHMOND, VA 23228
                                           (804) 264-3915



                      THISIVASTER PLAN FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER FACILITIES WAS
                      @UNDED, IN PART, BY THE VIRGINIA COUNCIL ON THE
                      ENVIRONMENT'S COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM THROUGH
     a-               GRANT # NA 90AA-H-CZ796 OF THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND
           rl-        ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
                      ACT OF -972 AS AMENDED.










                                  TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                  PAGE NUMBER


         SUMMARY                                                        1
         INTRODUCTION                                                   1
           Purpose and Scope                                            3
           Study Area Description                                       4
         CURRENT SITUATION                                              5
           Existing Land use                                            5
           soils                                                        6
           Water Facilities                                             7
           Wastewater Facilities                                        9
         FUTURE SITUATION-                                              12
           General                                                      12
           Forecast of Water Use                                        12
           Forecast of Wastewater  Use                                  14
         WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS                                      16
           Source of Water                                              16
           Storage                                                      16
           Distribution System                                          16
         ALTERNATIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS                       19
           General                                                      19
           Discharge Limits                                             19
           Future Plant Sites                                           20
           Existing Plant Modifications                                 21
           Alternative Future Treatment Systems                         25
             1. Activated Sludge Treatment                              26
             2. Constructed Wetlands                                    26
             3. Aquatic Pond                                            27
         WASTEWATER TRANSPORT AND COLLECTION                            28
           General                                                      28
           Gravity Sewer System                                         28
           Vacuum Sewer System                                          29
           RECOMMENDED FIRST STAGE                                      31
           WATER AND SEWER IMPROVEMENTS                                 31
         FINANCING                                                      34
           General                                                      34
           Existing Situation                                           34
           First Stage Improvements                                     36
         IMPLEMENTATION                                                 38
           Planning considerations                                      38
           First Phase Water and Sewer Improvements                     39
         APPENDIX
         Water Improvements                                             A-1,2
         Sample Estimate of Revenue, Expense and Debt Retirement        B-1
         Assumptions for Revenue, Expenses and Debt Retirement          B-2






                                  PLATESAP TABLES AND MAPS1

           LIST OF PLATES
           1. Study Area and Vicinity                                    Fol. P.4
           2. Location of Soil Classified
                 as Severe/or Drain Fields.                              Fol. P.6
           3. Possible Future Wastewater
                 Treatment Plant Sites                                   Fol. P.20


           LIST OF TABLES
           1.  Existing Land Use                                         Fol. P.5
           2.  Water Connection Data                                     Page 7
           3.  Equiva 'lent Connections to
                 Town of Urbanna Water System                            Page  8
           4.  Estimated Development Density
                 within Town and Water Use                               Page  9
           5.  Sewer Customers and
                 Equivalent Connections                                  Page  10
           6.  Future Ldnd`Uso@ *                                        Fol.  P.12
           7.  Estimated of Water Use at Build out                       Fol.  P.12
           8.  Projected Water Use                                       Fol.  P.13
           9.  Estimate of Equivalent SFU
                 Water Connections at Build out                          Fol.  P.14
           10.   Estimate of Water Storage                               Fol.  P.14
           -11.  Projected Sewer Use                                     Fol.  P.16
           12.   Estimated Cost of Future                                1.
                   Out of Town Water Improvements                        Page  17
           13..  Recommended Water Improvements                          Page  IS
           14.   Estimated Cost BNR Modification of
                   Existing Plant to Treat
                   100,000 GPD at Higher Limits                          Page  23
           15.   Estimated Cost Aquatic Pond Modification
                   to Treat 100,000 GPD at Higher Limits                 Page  23
           16.   Estimated Cost Constructed Wetlands
                 Modification of Existing Plant to Treat
                   100,000 GPD at Higher Limits                          Page  24
           17.   Estimated Cost to Construct New Aquatic
                   Pond Treatment and Abandon Present Plant              Page  24
           18.   Estimated Annual operating Expenses
                   for First Stage Improvements'                         Fol.  P.25
           19.   Estimated Cost 250,000 GPD Activated Sludge
                   BNR Treatment Plant                                   Page  26
           21.   Recommended Water Improvements                          Page  32
           22.   Recommended Initial Improvements
                   Wastewater Treatment Plant                            Page  33
           23.   Monthly Water and Sewer Service Charges-                Page  35

           MAPS  (Enclosed in pockets)
           1.    Study Area Map
           2.    Future Water System
           3.    Future Gravity Sewer Plan
           4.    Future Vacuum Sewer System


           shown 1Fol. indicates   that Plate or Tal@ie is following the page










                                       SUMMARY

         The Town of Urbanna prepared a comprehensive plan showing areas of

         possible future growth around the corporate limits.              This

         information has been used to evaluate the present and future needs

         of the utility systems serving the Town as well as the surrounding


         area.




         Within the present Town'there is approximately 23 percent of the

         area which is available for future development. As land becomes

         less availabl'e,.ddvdlopment is forced to move outside of Town and

         the ability of the utility system to expand to meet the needs of

         growth is questionable.



         The soils in the area around Urbanna. are not good f or the

         construction of septic tank drain fields and. therefore new

         development will be limited if municipal services are not provided.



         The Town-owned water facilities should be sufficient to serve the

         Town and the surrounding area as long as adequate storage is

         provided.    The existing network of water mains inside of Town

         should be upgraded to provide a minimum of 6 diameter    pipe loops.

         This will greatly improve pressure in the system and allow water

         for fire protection which is not now available.



         The water main upgrade within Town is estimated to cost around

         $143,000.







         Wastewater is collected and treated in a Town-owned system. The

         treatment plant is permitted for an average daily flow of ioo,ooo

         gallons. During periods of peak use the average daily, f low equals

         the design and the facility experiences some short-term hydraulic

         problems. If these deficiencies are corrected the present plant

         should be adequate to treat the wastewater generated within the

         present corporate limits for perhaps another 15 years.       However,

         the Town cannot expand the system much beyond its present sewer

         service area before the present plant will be required to expand.



         The estimated cost of improvements to the present treatment plant

         is around $286,000. This will provide a surge tank to handle peak

         flows, correct hydraulic problems, and if necessary lower nitrogen

         and phosphorous levels in the effluent.



         The recommended water and sewer improvements can be financed

         through the monthly service charge for water and sewer service if

         the present rate is increased. An average single family unit in

         Town would have to have a combined water and sewer bill of $28.00

         and a similar out of Town water customer's bill should be $21.00

         with the rate increased 2% annually to keep up with inflation.



         Consideration for future expansion of either the water or sewer

         systems should be undertaken only after joint planning for the area

         between the Town and County is completed.      This planning should

         consider the affect of growth on the utility systems as well as

         other needs of the entire area.




                                           2









                                     INTRODUCTION


         PURPOSE AND SCOPE

         The Town of Urbanna recognizing the need to investigate. its present

         and future utility needs commissioned the preparation of a Water

         and Sewer Master Plan Study.     This study is to investigate the

         present utility system to determine its adequacy to meet the

         present needs of the Town and those customers outside of Town using

         the f acility.   If deficiencies are found improvements will be

         recommended and estimated costs will be presented for the work.

         In addition toAhvestigating the present system the study will
       ,,.include a discussion of long range needs and show possible
         projections of water and sewer facility needs based on assumptions

         of growth.



         Recommendations are presented for action by the Town and in some

         cases the County to formulate plans which will help assure a

         community growth which can be accommodated without undue stress to

         the financial resources available or to the environment.



         The data upon which the report is based has been provided for the

         most part by the Town in an ef fort to hold down the cost.         The

         mapping was taken from the recently prepared Comprehensive Plan.

         Data on utility customers, water consumption,and revenue were

         compiled by the Town. And a variety of reports and other data were

         furnished which helped greatly in compiling the report.



         There are decisions which must be made which will influence the

         final report. Therefore, this first draft is presented for review

                                           3







         bv Council. Once Council has reviewed the document and provided

         input a final report will be presented with recommendations for

         first phase improvements as well as a course of. action for

         financing.




         STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION

         The area of Middlesex County around the Town has experienced growth

         primarily as a result of the Town's willingness to extend water

         service beyond its corporate limits.       The pressure for growth

         outside of Town has - continued to the present and the Town

         recognizes that its system may not be capable of serving the needs

         of the area.   The area studied in this plan includes the six study

         areas delineated in the Town's Comprehensive Plan plus a seventh

         area across Urbanna Creek referred to as the Rosegill Project.



         The Town has extended water service into study areas 1 and 4 and

         has decided against additional water service outside of Town until

         the recommendations of this report are released.



         Plate I illustrates the study area and vicinity of Middlesex

         County. The various study areas are shown on Map No. 1 in the rear

         of the report.













                                           4













              610                                        1


            REVIS

                       602


                             REMLIK


                                 PINE
                     603         TREE
                                                   TOWN OF
                                                             Ao
                                                     BANNA       (p


                WARNER



                                                                            COUNTY
                         17



                     JONES
                     STORE                                 CHRIS
                                                           CHURCH
                              IS       SALUDA        COOKS                    LO )_ ST
                                    3   STORMONT    CORNER        3-3        HILL
             G4 01(j.             17                       629                           3
                                                                       E)               To
                                                                                HARMONY
                                                                                VILLAGE
                                 COO,                               HEALYS              3
                   LEGEND                                                              33

                      TOWN OF
                      URBANNA                                                   629
                      STUDY
                      AREA




                         TOWN OF URBANNA, VIRGINIA

                             MASTER PLAN FOR WATER
                                AND SEWER FACILITIES


                              STUDY AREA AND -VICINITY MAP

                                                                                  PLATE I









                                 CURRENT SITUATION





         EXISTING LAND USE

         The predominant land use within the study area is residential with

         the largest concentration located within the Town of Urbanna.

         Table 1 illustrates the breakdown of major use categories in the

         study area.



         Within the Town only 23% of the land is available for new

         development while the remainder of the study area has 75% of the

         land undeveloped.



         In any utility study it is necessary to estimate present as well

         as future projections of usage. While population data is useful

         the more important data are connections. The number of connections

         served by a community when related to equivalent single f amily

         usage will indicate the equivalent population served. For planning

         purposes, this is more useful than pure census population data

         since many communities serve facilities which include a population

         not reflected in the census. Another example of utility users not

         indicated by census data are retail, commercial and industrial

         establishments.










                                                         TABLE 1


                                                    EXISTING LAND USE


                                                  ACRES IN STUDY AREAS



                                                       STUDY AREAS
      LAND USE
      CATEGORY                1        2        3       4        5        6          7     TOWN     TOTAL


      Residential         87.02     22.86    18.05    55.42    19.27   40.18      2.2    143.93     388.93

      Commercial            4.95     -0-       -0-      -0-    38.31     4.40     -0-     16.48      64.14


      Industrial            2.94     -0-       -0-     0.44      -0-     3.85     -0-       2.31      9.54

      Public Service      13.99      -0-      0.73      -0-      -0-      -0-     -0-     11.71      26.43

      Open Uses           78.61    105.48   150.47   104.82   219.10  146.25   151.97     52.04    1008.74

      Wetlands                -0-    -0-       -0-     1.47      -0-      -0-     -0-       1.69      3.16


      Total               187.5     128.3    169.3    162.1    276.7    194.7   154.2     228.2     1500.9





      The land uses and their respective areas were derived from maps furnished by the Town.

      The areas were determined by planimeter.







         Therefore, no attempt is made in this study to determine population

         within the study areas.     However, preliminary 1990 census data

         indicate the Town to have a population of 528 in 349 housing units,

         80 of which are vacant.      This would seem to indicate about 2

         persons  per occupied unit.



         It is assumed that the surrounding study areas will have

         approximately the same number of persons per dwelling.



         Within the study at6a'there are a significant number of housing

         units which are occupied seasonally. However, when planning for

         water and sewer utilities all units must be able to be served.




         SOILS

         Soils within the study area are for the most part unsuitable for

         development of septic tank drain fields as shown in the Soil Survey

         of Middlesex County. While the survey is generalized and detailed

         analysis for a specific site may show that the soil would support

         such facilities the maps are an excellent guide to the suitability

         of soils for drain fields. Knowing this it is safe to assume that

         no extensive development can occur without centralized sewer

         facilities.   Plate 2 illustrates the location of soils rated as

         severe for use with septic tank drain fields as well as areas where

         land has failed percolation tests.









                                           6










         WATER FACILITIES

         The average annual water use f or a residential unit in Town is

         about 144 gallons per day (GPD) while that for an out,of Town unit

         is 137 GPD.    Therefore the per capita consumption is around 70

         gallons.per person per day. This is slightly higher than similar

         data from other communities and may be an indication of leaks in

         the individual house service lines.



         At present the Town has approximately 511 water connections and 374

         sewer connections as shown in Table 2.




                                       TABLE 2


                                WATER CONNECTION DATA




                                     In           Out of
         Water Connections         Town           -Town           Total

         Residential                321             124            445
         Business                    62               4             66
         Total                      383             128            511




         The Town water service is from two deep wells and storage is in one

         5000 gallon pressure tank and a 250,000 gallon elevated storage

         tank. The wells are designated as No. 3 and No. 4.



         Well No. 3 is reported to have a yield of 430 GPM, with pump

         capacity of 450 GPM. The capacity of Well No. 4, is 175 GPM which

         is the rated pump capacity. Therefore the well supply should be

         able to furnish about 605 GPM or 870,000 gallons per day. Based

         on a peak of 2.5 and a design of 100 gallons per person per day the


                                          7       09








         supply should be adequate for an equivalent population of 3,480

         persons. However, the permitted capacity is only 1000 equivalent

         connections due to constraints in the' water distribution system.

         An inquiry was made of the Health Department to determine the

         restriction of 1000 equivalent connections. There did not appear

         to be an explanation for the restriction, however it is possible

         that with the small line sizes which result in pressure drops, the

         Health Department felt it should restrict the number of

         connections.



         Using water records of the Town, the connections were converted

         into equivalent single family units (SFU) to estimate the

         equivalent connected load on the system.       Table 3 shows the

         estimate of the equivalent connected load as SFU.



                                       TABLE 3


                               EQUIVALENT CONNECTIONS

                                 TO TOWN OF URBANNA


                                   WATER SYSTEMS



                                   ERU            ERU
             User                  In             Out of         ERU
         Classification            Town            Town          Total

         Residential               321              118           439
         Business                  159                8           167
         Total                     480              126           606



         The State Guidelines suggest  a storage volume of 200 gallons per

         equivalent single family unit  (ERU). Therefore with approximately




                                          8








          606 ERU the required volume of storage is about 121,000 gallons and

          the 250,000 gallons of storage is more than required.



          In an ef f ort to develop water data f or use as a planning tool

          current records were analyzed to estimate consumption in relation

          to land use. Table 4 presents the estimated population density of

          developed land in the Town of Urbanna, together with calculated

          water use associated with each category of land use at the present

          time. This estimate correlates well with the actual water use data

          from Town redords and is used to project future consumption.



                                         TABLE 4


                             ESTIMATED DEVELOPMENT DENSITY


                               WITHIN TOWN AND WATER USE


          General Land               Population            Estimated Total
          Use Category                Per Acre            Water Use in Town

          Residential
            Low Density                 3.4               36,800 gal/day
            Medium Density              6.0               10,400 gal/day
          Business/commercial          10.0               21,000 gal/day
                                               Total      68,200 gal/day


          In addition to the 68,200 GPD water'used    within Town out of town

          customers consume an average of 18,000 GPD for a total present use

          of about 86,000 GPD.




          WASTEWATER FACILITIES

          The Town of Urbanna owns and operates its wastewater system. The

          system consists of a contact stabilization type treatment plant,




                                            9







          several pump stations and a system of gravity sewers which receive

          flow from the individual customers.



          The plant presently receives an estimated average annual daily flow

          of 52,000 GPD.      This is less than the average daily water

          consumption since out of town customers are not connected to the

          treatment plant and some of the in Town water is not returned to

          the treatment plant.     The sewer system serves 374 customers in

          Town.   No out of town   sewer service is provided at the present

          time. The presentcu4tomers are equivalent to 471 single family

          units. Table 5 presents a breakdown of present customers and their

          equivalent connected load to the treatment plant.



                                         TABLE 5


                                     TOWN OF URBANNA


                                   SEWER CUSTOMERS AND


                                 EQUIVALENT CONNECTIONS


          Type Customer                   Number                     ERU

          Residential                        312                     312
          Business                            62                     159
          Total                              374                     471



          With a permitted capacity of 100,000 GPD the plant has capacity to

          handle waste from Town customers for several years.        In fact it

          will be shown in the discussion of the future situation the plant

          is estimated to be adequate for the Town until 2005 based on

          projected flows.




                                             10







         Peak flows, primarily during the Oyster Fest, present short term

         overloading of the wastewater plant. In November of 1990, the

         maximum daily flow was reported at 100,000 GPD. The,two and four

         consecutive daily total flows during November of 1990 were 200, 000

         and 380,000 gallons respectively. Therefore, three day sustained

         flow was about 100,000 GPD and the daily peaks can be expected to

         exceed 200,000 GPD which is the design maximum flow rate to the

         present plant. Because  of the high peak flow rates it is suggested

         that the Town install a flow equalization tank at the plant. Such

         a unit will prevent@lshock loads from reaching the facility.



         Discussions with the plant operator indicate that hydraulic

         overloading of weirs occurs before the flow through the plant
         reaches the 100,000 GPD rate. This should not occur. 'the plant

         should be able to pass 200,000 GPD flow without overflowing. This

         does not mean the plant can successfully treat more than its

         100,000 GPD rated capacity.      Several Suggestions for possible


         causes are:




         1.   Partially blocked pipes

         2.   Improper weir setting

         3.   Inadequate pipe size

         4.   Pumping rate to plant is too high



         It is suggested that an investigation of the plant be performed to

         determine what is causing the facility to overload and to correct

         the problem.










                                  FUTURE SITUATION





         GENERAL

         The Town of Urbanna has prepared a comprehensive plan which

         envisions development surrounding the    present corporate limits.

         If this development occurs it will place increasing demands on the

         Town water,and wastewater systems. This section will investigate

         the impact of the future development on these systems.



         The comprehehsiVe Plan shows the study area to be developed with

         the generalized land uses as shown in Table 6.



         FORECAST OF WATER USE

         While the Town land use plan does not address the rate of

         development it illustrates current trends for growth to occur

         around centers which have public utilities.         This trend is

         evidenced in the Town where the presence of a water system has led

         to growth outside of the present corporate limits. Using the land

         development densities of the present Town, and assuming future

         development will be similar, the total water use when full

         development occurs can be estimated. Table 7 shows the estimated

         water use at the time of full development and is based on 70 gallon

         per capita per day.











                                          12










                                                        TABLE 6


                                                    FUTURE LAND USE


                                                 ACRES IN STUDY AREAS



                                                      STUDY AREAS
     IjAND USE
     CATEGORY                1        2       3        4        5       6          7     TOWN     TOTAL

     Residential         150.07    79.24   100.52   49.77 227.28      99.82   88.15    146.10    940.95

     Commercial           17.80     -0-      -0-    26.35     -0-     7.34    12.99      28.22    92.70

     Waterfront              -0-    -0-      -0-       -0-    -0-       -0-   14.53       8.22    22.75

     Industrial              -0-    -0-      -0-    40.92     -0-     3.16       -0-       -0-    44.08

     Public Service          -0-    -0-      -0-      4.48    -0-     3.49    16.52       8.62    33.11

     Open Land             19.63   49.10    68.74   40.58     49.4    80.88   21.99        .37   367.32

     Total Used          167.87    79.24   100.52   121.52  227.28   113.81  132.19    191.16   1133.59

     Total                 187.5  128.34   169.26   162.10  276.68   194.69  154.18    228.16   1500.91









                                                       TABLE 7


                                                     ESTIMATE OF


                                               WATER USE AT BUILD OUT



                                                     STUDY AREAS
     LAND USE
     CATEGORY               1        2       3        4       5        6         7     TOWN     TOTAL



     Residential

     Low Density         35,717   18,859  23,924   8,430 32,056 13,092      13,050     3,380   148,507

     Medium Density        -0-      -0-     -0-    6,027 38,888 18,820       8,677   55,398 127,810

     High Density          -0-      -0-     -0-      -0-     -0-      -0-    8,862       -0-     8,862

     Commercial          12,460     -0-     -0-    18,445    -0-    5,138    9,093    19,754    64,890

     Light Industrial      -0-      -0-     -0-    9,739     -0-      752      -0-       -0-    10,491

     Waterfront            -0-      -0-     -0-      -0-     -0-      -0-   10,171     5,754    15,925

     Total               48,177   18,859  23,924  42,641   70,944  37,803   49,853    84,286   376,485









         The following Table 8 is an esti
                                           mated projection of water use in

         each study area and the Town.    The table assumes that water and

         sewer services will be made available in all study areas. If sewer

         service is not available growth would not be as rapid and therefore

         water demands would be reduced. However, the data shows several

         facts.*




         1.   If the Town served all of its present water customers with

              sewer thd average plant flow would be approximately 86, 000 GPD

              today.



         2.   if the Town allows no additional connections outside of Town

              but continues to grow within the present corporate limits the

              sewerage flow is estimated to be around 94,000 GPD in year

              2015.




         3.   The two wells should have adequate capacity to serve the

              future needs of the area.



         4.   If service is provided to the Town plus the present study

              areas receiving water (areas 1 and 4) the estimated flow to

              the wastewater plant will be about 98,000 GPD in 1995.

              Therefore as soon as a decision is made to serve these areas

              the Town will be required to plan for a plant expansion.



         The State's suggested storage volume is 200 gallons per equivalent

         single family unit. Table 9 shows the estimated ERU at build out

                                          13










                                                         TABLE 8
                                                  PROJECTED WATER USE1



                                                          YEAR

      STUDY AREA          1990        1995      2000      2005      2010      2-015    BUILD OUT
         1                6000      12508     19017      25525     32033    38541        48177
         2                -0-        3220       4772       6325      7877     9430       18859
         3                -0-        4060       4839       5619      6398     7177       23924
         4               12000       15570    19139      22709     26279    29849        42641
         5                -0-        8680     10290      11901     13511    15121        37803
         6                -0-        8680     10290      11901     13511    15121        37803
         7                -0-          -0-       3739      7478    11217    14956        49853
         TOWN            68000       69571    71143      72714     74286    75857        84286
         TOTAL           86000      122289     148318    174346    200374   226403       376485









                 iTable based on 70 GPD







         of the study area. Table 10 shows the estimated volume of storage

         in five year increments.



         Therefore, it is seen that the Town's present water storage is

         adequate for its present service area which includes the Town and

         Study areas 1 and 4. The estimated storage required for present

         service area in year 2015 is 206,067 gallons which is less than the

         250,000 gallons available.



         on the other hand, if all study areas are to be served, new storage

         capacity will be required around Year 2005, or at such time as

         development reaches 1250 equivalent residential connections.




         FORECAST OF WASTEWATER USE

         Actual quantities of wastewater delivered to a plant depend on

         water use and the amount returned to the sewer as well as


         infiltration and inflow.




         As shown previously, the present flow per connection to the

         wastewater treatment plant is less than the water used per

         connection. However, for design and planning 100 g.p.c.d. should

         be used. Table 11 shows an estimate of projected wastewater flows.

         The table is based on the assumption that All units are connected

         to the system and that in year 2015 each study area has developed

         to the point shown. Growth is assumed as a straight line between

         1990 and 2015 for areas 1, 4 and the Town. Areas 2, 3, 5, 6 and

         7, are assumed to be served in 1995 and grow in a straight line

         from 1995 to 2015.


                                          14 -










                                                       TABLE 9


                                                     ESTIMATE OF


                                   EQUIVALENT SFU WATER CONNECTIONS AT BUILD OUT



                                                     STUDY AREAS
      LAND USE
      CATEGORY               1       2        3       4        5                  7     TOWN    TOTAL

      Residential

      Low Density           255     135      171      60      229       94      93         24    1,061
      Medium Density        -0-     -0-      -0-      43      278     134       62       396        913
      High Density          -0-     -0-      -0-     -0-      -0-     -0-       63       -0-         63

      Commercial              89    -0-      -0-     132      -0-       37      65       141        464

      Light Industry        -0-     -0-      -0-      70      -0-        5      -0-      -0-         75

      Waterfront            -0-     -0-      -0-     -0-      -0-     -0-       73         41       114

      Total                 344     135      171     305      507     270       356      602      2,689










                                                        TABLE 10


                                        ESTIMATE OF WATER STORAGE REQUIREMENTS


                                                    MILLION GALLONS



                                                          YEAR


      STUDY AREA           1990       1995      2000       2005      2010     2015     BUILD OUT

         1                8000       17412     26824     36235     45647    55059      68824

         2                 -0-         23       3385       6747    10109    13-471     29642

         3                             29       2585       5141      7697   10253      34177

         4               17200       22288     27376     32465     37553    42641      60916

         5                 -0-         6 2     12715     25368     38021    50674      101349

         6                 -0-         62       5447     10832     16217    21602      54004

         7                 -0-         -0-      5341     10683     16024    21365      71218

         TOWN            96000       98473    100947     103420    105894   108367     120408

      TOTAL STORAGE     121200      138349    184620     230891    277162   323432     537836










                                                        TABLE 11


                                                 PROJECTED SEWER USE




                                  UNITS                                                 DEVELOPED
      STUDY AREA        1990    IN 1995      1995      2000        2005      2010    IN 2015      2015    BUILD
       OUT                                                                   I

         1             6000                 15812     25624      35435     45247        .80     55059     68824

         2             -0-          23       3220      5783        8345    10908        .50     13471     26942

         3             -0-          29       4060      5608        7157      8705       .30     10253     34177

         4            12000                 18128     24256      30385     36513        .70     42641     60916

         5             -0-          62       8680     19179      29677     40176        .50     50674     101349

         6             -0-          62       8680     11910      15141     18371        .40     21602     54004

         7             -0-          -0-       -0-      5341      10683     16024        .30     21365     71218

         ,-TOWN       68000                 76073     84147      92220     100294       .90     108367    120408

         TOTAL        86000                134653     181848     229043    276238               323432    537836











                  Based on 100 g.p.c.d.









         Based on the projection shown in Table 11, the Town. treatment plant

         with capacity f or 100, 000 GPD should be suf f icient f or,Town service

         for another 15 years. However, as discharge criteria change there

         may be a need to make modifications from time to time.             if

         additional service areas are added, the time before new facilities

         are required is decreased. In fact, if the Town were to consider

         providing sewer service to Study Areas 1 and 4, the present water

         service areas, the estimated f low in year 1995 is 110, 013 GPD.

         This would rdquire,new facilities or modification of the present

         plant to begin in the near future to design the necessary upgrade

         to handle the increased flow.






































                                          15










                             WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS





        SOURCE OF WATER

        No additional wells are proposed in this study since estimates show

        the present wells with capacity for over 600 GPM should provide

        water for the projected needs of the area.




        STORAGE

        There is no immediate need. for additional storage.       If growth

        should continte 'there "will be a need for more storage in the

        future. The Water Facilities map in the rear of the report shows

        a suggested location for a future tank. The volume of the future

        tank should be determined in the future, based on the Towns

        projected service area at that time.        But, based on current

        projections with service to the Town and all seven study areas an

        additional 100,000 gallons would be necessary before year 2015.

        An additional 300,000 gallons of storage would be needed to serve

        the entire study area when it is fully developed.




        DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

        Map No. 2, in the rear of this report shows a suggested

        modification and expansion of the present system to serve the

        entire service area. This system would be expected to provide at

        minimum 800 GPM for fire protection with a minimum residual

        pressure of 20 psi.      This will require upgrading some water

        distribution lines within the present Town.





                                         16







         If f ire protection is not desired, then individual well systems

         should be considered in each of the study areas not presently

         served by the Town.      Each area should be easily, capable of

         developing a well to supply the domestic needs of their respective


         areas.




         The table in the Appendix shows the present day estimated cost of

         the facilities illustrated on Map No. 3.     Those costs separated

         into total study areas are shown in Table 12 below.




                                       TABLE 12


                              ESTIMATED COST OF FUTURE


                           OUT OF TOWN WATER IMPROVEMENTS



                                                  ESTIMATED
                          STUDY AREA              TOTAL COST


                             1                      105,150
                             2                      235,225
                             3                      131,550
                             4                      103,775
                             5                      332,795
                             6                      427,615
                             7                      194,250


         The cost of installing water lines for future development should

         be borne by the developer.



         In addition the Town should require lines to be sized as shown on

         the Water Master Plan.




         Table 13 shows suggested improvements within Town which will

         improve service.to the present as well as future customers.


                                          17










                                        TABLE 13


                            RECOMMENDED WATER IMPROVEMENTS


                                     TOWN OF URBANNA




                               LENGTH                SIZE             ESTIMATED,
         LOCATION               (FT.)                (IN.)            COST

         Virginia  St.          500                    10             $ 21000

         Howard St.             600                    6                18000

         Rappahannock   Ave.    550                    6                165000

         Rappahannock   Ave.    500                    6                15000

         Cross St.              350                    6                10500


         Cross St.              400                    6                12000


         Maiston Ave.           600                    6                18000

                                                     Subtotal         $111000

                                                     Engineering        11100

                                                     Inspection         10000

                                                     contingencies      11000

                                                     Total            $143100






















                                            18









                        ALTERNATE  WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS



         GENERAL


         As has been previously shown the present wastewater treatment plant

         is estimated to have capacity for service to the Town until

         approximately year 2005. This is based on estimates of growth and

         density of land use similar to that of the current Town.



         For planning purposes the evaluation of future treatment systems

         will be based on a plant with capacity of 250,000 GPD which is the

         size necessary  to treat the projected flow from the Town and Study

         Areas 1 and 4.




         DISCHARGE LIMITS

         As the Town flow approaches the design quantity of 100,000 GPD it

         will be necessary to evaluate the next stage of expansion and the

         discharge limits which will be required. For the purpose of this

         report the following limits will be assumed for any new treatment

         plant or modified plant discharge.



                    CHARACTERISTIC                  LIMITS

                    BODS                       25 mg/L Average Mo.

                    Suspended Solids            25 mg/L Average Mo.

                    TKN                          4 mg/L Average Mo.

                    Phosphorous                  4. mg/L Average Mo.








                                            19









          The present plant has a limit of 30 mg/L for both BOD and suspended

          solids.' There is no limit on TKN at this time; however, it is

          suggested that for planning purposes the Town should investigate

          modification of existing plant to include both nitrogen and

          phosphorous removal.




          PUTURE PLANT SITES

          The site suggested for consideration for future expansion or
          relocation of the 'plant is shown on Plate 3.        This site is

          suggested for the following reasons:



          1.   There is sufficient land to construct a 250,000 GPD plant with

               room for expansion.



          2.   The discharge location in Urbanna Creek will allow good

               dispersal of effluent into the channel.



          3.   The buffer strip required by State Design Guidelines can be

               obtained with minimum adverse impact to existing or potential

               development.



          4.   Urbanna Creek with the marinas is unlikely to ever be re-

               classified for commercial oyster harvesting.         And, the

               upgraded Town discharge would only help the present water

               quality.





                                          20








         5.    A proposal to move the discharge to the river or a new tidal

               estuary would possibly result in significantly more opposition

               both local and state than that of a relocation on Urbanna


               Creek.




         Several other sites were considered; however, when the permitting

         problems and difficulties of constructing a suitable outfall and

         discharge were evaluated they were not felt to be as good. Another

         factor was possible environmental concern. Urbanna Creek presently
         hosts several 'marinas in addition to the Town wastewater discharge.

         To move the Town discharge would do very little to improve water

         quality in the creek and depending on which other site was

         considered could pose a threat to a site which is presently free

         of point source pollution.




         EXISTING PLANT MODIFICATIONS

         As stated previously the present plant should have capacity for

         treating wastewater from the Town for approximately 15 years if the

         present deficiencies are corrected.



         A surge tank should be constructed ahead of the plant to hold peak

         flows. This will allow more efficient treatment of the wastewater.

         In addition the hydraulics of the facility should be studied to

         determine the cause of hydraulic overloading and to prepare plans

         for corrective action.



         When a surge tank is installed there is a chance that the State

         will take the opportunity to require either nitrogen or phosphorous

                                           21







          limits - Theref ore f or the purpose of this study cost estimates f or

          nitrogen and phosphorous removal will be included with improvements

          recommended for the first stage work.



          The present plant can be converted to biologically remove nitrogen

          and phosphorous fairly easily by adding some pipes, adjusting

          baffles and possibly installing a small pump. This could be done

          on the present plant site and the reliability of the Biological

          Nutrient Removal (BNR) technology is well documented.



          The nutrients may also be reduced to some degree by utilizing one

          of several natural systems presently being used in other locations

          in the State.     Aquatic ponds and constructed wetlands may be

          options. Each of these will require additional land and the plant

          effluent will have to be pumped to the facility.



          The suggested site for construction of either aquatic ponds or a

          wetland is the site which has been recommended for future expansion

          as shown on Plate 2. In either case the plant discharge would be

          relocated from the present point . to the new site of final

          treatment.




          The estimated cost of the three alternatives for first phase

          improvements to be considered for planning are shown in Tables 14,

          15, and 16.







                                            22










                                       TABLE 14


                                   ESTIMATED COST
                    BNR MODIFICATION OF EXISTING PLANT TO TREAT
                            100,000 GPD AT HIGHER LIMITS



                         UNIT                      ESTIMATED COST

                   Two New Surge Tanks               $150,000
                   (50,000 gallons each)
                   Analysis and Correction of
                     Existing Hydraulic Problem        20,000
                   Modification to BNR                 50,000
                         Estimated construction      $220,000
                         Engineering                   22,000
                         Inspection                    22,000
                         contingencies                 22,000
                         Total, Estimated Cost       $286,000




                                       TABLE 15


                                    ESTIMATED COST
                              AQUATIC POND MODIFICATION
                       TO TREAT 100,000 GPD AT HIGHER LIMITS



                         UNIT                      ESTIMATED COST

                   New Surge Tank                   $ 150,000
                   Pump Station                        90,000
                   Force Main                          207,000
                   Analysis and Modification of
                     Existing Hydraulic Problem        20,000
                   Pond                                120,000
                   Harvesting Equipment                35,000
                              Construction Cost      $617,000
                              Land 6 Acres @ $3000     18,000
                              contingency              62,000
                              Engineering              62,000
                              Inspection               30,000
                              Estimated Total Cost   $789,000














                                          23 -









                                         TABLE 16


                                      ESTIMATED COST
                         CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS MODIFICATION OF
                                 EXISTING PLANT TO-TREAT
                                 100,000 GPD AT HIGHER LIMITS



                           UNIT                       ESTIMATED  COST

                     New Surge Tank                     $150,000
                     Pump Station                         90,000
                     Force Main                           207,000
                     Analysis and Modification of
                       Existing Hydraulic Problem         20,000
                     Wetland Construction                 80,000
                                 Construction Cost      $547,000
                                 Land 6 Acres @ $3000     18,000
                                 'eContingency            55,000
                                 Engineering              55,000
                                 Inspection               30,000
                                 Estimated Total Cost $705,000


          Another consideration for the existing plant would be to abandon

          the facility and rebuild a new low operation cost facility. Such

          a plant could consist of a aquatic lagoon.          Table 17 shows an

          estimate of the facilities and cost to provide a new natural system

          to replace the present contact stabilization plant.



                                          TABLE 17


                                 ESTIMATED COST TO CONSTRUCT
                                 NEW AQUATIC POND TREATMENT
                                 AND ABANDON PRESENT PLANT



                            UNIT                      ESTIMATED COST

                     Pump Station                         $125,000
                     Force Main                             207j000
                     Pond Construction                      173,500
                     Harvesting Equipment                   35,000
                                 Construction Cost        $540,500
                                 Land 10 Acres @ $3000      30,000
                                 Contingency                54,000
                                 Engineering                54,000
                                 inspection                 30,000
                                 Estimated Total Cost     $708,500

                                             24









         Operating costs for the four preceding alternatives are estimated

         as shown in Table 18.




         From the above discussion it is seen that the conversion of the

         present plant for removal of nutrients is the more economical

         course of action to follow when planning the first stage

         improvements.



         However, if during the  process of planning for the future growth

         of the area the decision is made to serve areas outside of Town and

         the present plant is unable to handle the proposed flow the Town

         should consider constructing an aquatic pond facility at the

         proposed new site. The increased operating cost is only.slightly

         higher than that to modify the present plant. If this is done the

         Town should also consider purchasing the land necessary to expand

         the first-stage facility to the anticipated future size.



         ALTERNATIVE FUTURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS

         Before the present plant reaches its design capacity the Town must

         consider the type, size and location'of a new facility. The size

         and location have been discussed. The type of treatment should be

         selected to provide the most economical treatment to meet the

         criteria. established for discharge.



         Three (3) systems will be presented herein for consideration as

         types of treatment. These will be activated sludge, constructed

         wetlands and aquatic ponds.


                                          25










                                                                                                      TABLE 18

                                                                                    ESTIMATED ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSES
                                                                                                         FOR
                                                                                           FIRST STAGE IMPROVEMENTS


                                                           UPGRADED PLANT                         EXISTING PLANT              EXISTING PLANT               NEW SURGE
                                                           WITH BNR AND                           WITH SURGE AND              WITH SURGE AND               TANK AND
                                                           SEWAGE TANKS                            AQUATIC POND                   WETLAND                  AQUATIC POND

                     General Salaries                             12,000                                   12,000                   12,000                       12,000

                     Salaries:

                     Administrative                               22,000                                   22,000                   22,000                       22,000
                     Operators                                    59,000                                   59,000                   59,000                       48,000
                     Maintenance & Repairs                        18,000                                   18,000                   18,000,                       6,000
                     Laboratory                                     4,900                                    4,900                    4,900                       4.900
                     Utilities                                    14,000                                   16,000                   16,000                        5,000

                     Other:
                     Depreciation                                 54,000                                   54,000                   54,000                       54,000
                     Existing Debt Service                        44,000                                   44,000                   44,000                       44,000
                     Now Debt Service (2)                         31,400                                   $6,000                   77,400                       77,800

                     Miscellaneous                                  7,000                                    7,000                    7,000                       7,000
                     TotalExpenses                              $265,900                                 $223,500                 $314,300                     $280,700


                     (1)       Costs are based on 1991 figures and are not asculated for time.
                     (2)       Debt service for new capital improvements is calculated as capital recovery of estimated cost using 7% interest for 15 year loan. Capital recovery factory
                               0.10979.












         ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT


         The present plant would have to be expanded substantially to treat

         250,000 GPD and due to land requirements would probably not be cost

         effective compared to constructing a new facility.



         Units which will be necessary to construct and their estimated cost

         are presented below in Table 19.




                                        TABLE 19


                                     ESTIMATED COST
                                       250,000 GPD
                         ACTIVATED SLUDGE BNR TREATMENT PLANT


                                                           ESTIMATED
                    UNIT                                     COST

         1.    Raw Sewage Pump Station
               0.5 MGD Capacity                            $ 130,000
         2.    Force Main 810                                 207,000
         3.    Surge Tank (Use Existing STP
               Conversion)                                     40,000
         4.    BNR Plant                                     1,200,000
               250,000 GPD
         5.    Disinfection                                    60,000
         6.    Control Building and Lab                       100,000
         7.    Land 10 Acres @ 3,000/Acre                      30,000
         8.    Outfall Line and Discharge                      50,000
                               Estimated Construction      $1,807,000
                               Engineering                    130,000
                               Inspection                      50r000
                               contingencies                  180,000
                               Estimated Total Cost        $2,177,000



         CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

         These systems generally remove about 80% of the Biological oxygen

         Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and nitrogen. Therefore

         if such a system is expected to achieve the limits stated earlier

         the pretreatment unit must deliver an effluent of 30 mg/L BOD and


                                            26 -








          SS.  An  activated sludge type plant would achieve such limits.

          However, when properly designed and operated, the assumed limits

          could also be met without the wetlands. Therefore at this point

          in time there does not appear to be an advantage in considering a

          future facility which will polish flow through the use of a

          constructed wetland.




          AQUATIC POND

          Construction of an aquatic pond in the future to replace the

          present plant could  meet the assumed discharge limits. Table 20

          shows the estimated cost of such a system.


                                       TABLE 20


                                    ESTIMATED COST
                                      250,000 GPD
                             AQUATIC POND TREATMENT PLANT

                         UNIT                            ESTIMTED COST

          1.   Raw Sewage Pump Station                   $ 130,000
          2.   Force Main                                    207,000
          3.   Surge Tank  (Use Existing STP                 40,000
               Conversion)
          4.   Pond - 6 Acres                                397,500
          5.   Disinfection                                  60,000
          6.   Laboratory/Office                             75,000
          7.   Land - 20 Acres @ 3000                        60,000
          8.   Outfall Line and Discharge                    50,000
                               Estimated Construction    $1,019,500
                               Engineering                   75,000
                               Contingency                   102,000
                               Inspection                    30,000
                               Estimated Total Cost      $1,226,500



          DISCUSSION

          At such time as the Town of Urbanna considers the need to upgrade

          and relocate the present plant the use of an aquatic pond should

          be investigated as a cost effective solution.

                                           27 -    01










                        WASTEWATER TRANSPORT AND COLLECTION





         GENERAL

         Due to the topography of the study area gravity collection of

         wastewater will have to be accomplished in small areas and pumped

         to the treatment plant for disposal. Such a system will be quite

         expensive to develop and operate due to the number of pump stations

         which are necessary to allow full development of the area.



         A second method of' providing sewer service would be through

         installation of a vacuum collection system. These systems do not

         require gravity and therefore minimize the number of pump stations.

         Since the waste is flowing under negative pressure line sizes are

         reduced from that of a gravity system.



         The following discussion will present data on two types of systems

         to serve the study area.




         GRAVITY SEWER SYSTEM

         Map No. 3 in the rear of this report illustrates one scheme of

         installing gravity sewers and pump stations to serve the area. The

         potential total present day cost for this system is about

         $3,944,000.



         If a decision is made to expand the system the general plan shown

         on this map should be used as a master plan when establishing sizes

         for future lines and pump stations.

         VACUUM SEWER SYSTEM


                                         28







         Map No. 4 in the rear of this report shows a general plan f or

         serving the area with a vacuum system. While the exact lines sizes

         and pump capacities and location may vary somewhat from that shown

         the layout, the estimated costs are thought to be sufficiently

         close to provide an indication of long-term economies of developing

         a vacuum system.



         The estimated present day cost for developing the vacuum system as

         shown is about $2,304,000. In addition valve pits are necessary

         to collect waï¿½te"fr6m individual customers. While the location of

         valve pits is dependent upon several factors in general it is

         estimated that two will serve an acre of developed land and cost

         about $1,850 each.   Therefore, with roughly 1,000 acres of land

         outside of Town which would be developed according to the

         comprehensive plan the cost of valve pits would be Around $370,000.

         Combining these costs gives approximately $2,674,000 for the cost

         of developing vacuum collection facilities to serve the entire

         study area.




         DISCUSSIOR

         Based on the estimates of construction cost it would appear that

         the vacuum system will cost less to install than the conventional

         gravity system.    However, the gravity system will also require

         around 17 pump stations to serve the area outside of the town. The

         vacuum system will require only two. Two valve pits per acre will

         have to be maintained for the vacuum system.





                                          29







         It is estimated that the overall cost of installing and operating

         a vacuum system will be less than that of a conventional gravity

         system. Therefore, if the Town decides to extend service to out

         of Town areas the use of a vacuum system should be considered.
















































                                        30









                              RECOMMENDED FIRST STAGE


                            WATER AND SEWER IMPROVEMENTS




         Until such time as specific plans are made for development outside

         of Town and the policy for extending services outside the Town no

         recommendation will be made for out of Town improvements.



         The improvements recommended in Town are to improve service to

         customers on the water system and protect the wastewater plant from

         peak loads thdreby improving the quality of treatment and extending

         the life of the unit.



         Tables 21 and 22 present a list of improvements for the water

         system and wastewater treatment plant.



         The estimated total cost of recommended improvements is $367,100.



         It is recommended that the cost of improvements be funded through

         water and sewer service charges and connection fees. The financing

         of these costs is discussed further in the section on Financing.
















                                         31












                                        TABLE 21


                            RECOMMENDED WATER IMPROVEMENTS


                                    TOWN OF URBANNA





                               LENGTH                SIZE             ESTIMATED
         LOCATION              (FT.)                 (IN.)            COST

         Virginia   St.         Soo                    10             $ 21000

         Howard St.             600                    6                18000


         Rappahannock  Ave.     550                    6               165000

         Rappahannock  Ave.     500                    6                15000

         Cross St.              350                    6                10500


         Cross St.              400                    6                12000


         Maiston Ave.           600                    6                18000

                                                     Subtotal         $111000

                                                     Engineering        11100

                                                     Inspection         10000

                                                     contingencies      11000

                                                     Total            $143100






















                                            32











                                       TABLE 22


                           RECOMMENDED INITIAL IMPROVEMENTS


                              WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT



         1.   New Surge Tanks                  $150,000

         2.   Hydraulic Modification to
              Existing Plant                    20 000

                    Construction Cost          $170,000

                    Engineering                 17,000

                    Inspection                  20,000

                    contingencies               17,000

                    Total Estimated Cost       $224,000

































                                          33










                                      FINANCING


         GENERAL

         At the present time the funds available to communities in the form

         of grants is limited.     From time to time the Community Block

         Development Grant program has grants for qualifying projects, and

         the Chesapeake Bay Initiative program has small grants. Several

         programs have loan funds available.    These include Farmers Home

         Administration and the Revolving Loan program.        However, for

         purposes of this report funding will be estimated without any grant

         assistance. This will,present a worst case scenario and if grants

         can be obtained the customer costs may be reduced.




         EXISTING SITUATION

         Customers receiving water and sewer service from the Town currently

         pay the monthly service charge shown in Table 23.,



         An analysis of the revenue received by the Town indicates that the

         average Equivalent Residential Unit (ERU) in Town is billed $9.41

         per month each, water and sewer service, or a total of $18.82 per

         month. An ERU outside of Town is billed $17.38 for water service.



         Looking at the rate schedule the minimum residential water bill is

         $7.50 for 3000 gallons plus a $2.30 surcharge for debt service, for

         a total of $9.80. The reason that the average bill per equivalent

         residential unit is less lies in the fact that customers using over

         3000 gallons per month are paying less per 1000 gallons than one

         which uses less than 3000 gallons per month.



                                          34 -    0P










                                       TABLE 23


                               MONTHLY WATER AND SEWER


                                    SERVICE CHARGES



                                    TOWN                 OUT OF TOWN


         Water Charge


         0-3000 Gallons             7.50                   11.25
         Over 3000 Gallons          1.63/1000 Gallons       2.45/100 gallons

         Sewer                      100% of Water             --


         Total



         Sewer connection fees are $1250 and water connection fees are $750

         plus all costs of materials and labor.



         In addition to the water and sewer service charges the Town

         collects a surcharge for debt service.






         CATEGORY OF USE            IN TOWN              OUT OF TOWN


         0 - 5000 gallons            2.30                  3.45

         5001 - 15000 gallons        3.30                  4.95

         15001 - 50000 gallons       6.00                  9.00

         over 50,000 gallons         7.50                  12.00





         The water and sewer budget for 1091-92 shows $234,486 as expenses

         for the year.     Included in this is a $54,300 line item for

         depreciation. If the Town uses the utility as an enterprise fund

         the revenue should cover expenses. With an annual water sale of


                                          35








         approximately 31,778,000 gallons the cost of water assuming 50% for

         water and 50% for sewer is about $3.69 for 1000 gallons.



         Therefore, for 3000 gallons the average minimum monthly charge for

         water only should be about $11.07 and the charge per 1000 gallons

         for all over 3000 should be $3.69.



         If the depreciation is not funded the average minimum monthly

         charge for 3000 gallons would be $8.56 with a $2.84 per 1000
         gallons for all Us6@over 3000 gallons.



         With the assumption that half of the cost is for wastewater the

         sewer charges should equal those of water.



         There are many ways that the fee structure can, be tailored to

         produce the revenue required and the example above is only one of

         the many. However, it is apparent from the proposed budget that

         revenue will not cover expenses if depreciation is to be funded.



         It is recommended that the  Town consider funding depreciation in

         the rate structure.




         FIRST STAGE IMPROVEMENTS

         There are many combinations of water and sewer rate structures

         which will generate sufficient revenue to pay for the suggested

         initial improvementsi one system to finance a $367,000 loan would

         be to raise rates in Town to produce an average monthly water and

         sewer bill of $28.00, and that outside of Town for an average water

                                         36








         bill of $21.00 and increase the rate annually 2%. This would pay

         for the loan in 15 years assuming a 7% interest loan.     The full

         description of assumptions for the loan and the estimated revenue,

         expenses, and debt retirement schedule are shown in the Appendix.



         of course, if a lesser interest rate is available or if grant funds

         can be applied the rates can be reduced accordingly.








































                                         37










                                   IMPLEMENTATION





         PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

         The town of Urbanna should consider what steps are    necessary to

         provide water and sewer service to customers inside   of the Town.

         These considerations should include requirements for developers.

         And, it is felt that the Town should coordinate with the County and

         discuss the long term growth impacts of the area.      This should

         include no growth considerations in the event that the Town decides

         not to continte extending service into the County.



         At the present time growth outside of Town is somewhat limited due

         to soil conditions and the fact that septic tank drain fields

         cannot be constructed in many areas and therefore constr  uction is

         limited to those areas where such fields can be used.




         The following points are suggested for consideration of Town

         Council.




         1.   All water line extensions should be 6 inch minimum where a

              fire hydrant could be connected.



         2.   No water lines smaller than 4 inches should be allowed.



         3.   Developers should be required to provide loops in water system

              where possible.




                                         38 -     tr










                                    APPENDIX


                                                               PAGE NO.



        Water Improvements                                       A-1,2

        Sample Estimate of Revenue, Expense and                  B-1
        Debt Retirement for $224,000 Project Cost

        Sample Estimate of Revenue, Expense and                  B-2
        Debt Retirement for $286,000 Project Cost











































                                       40







                            ESTIMATED FUTURE WATER IMPROVEMENTS



                                        LENGTH                  SIZE              COST
                                        (FT.)                   (IN.)
          AREA 1
          Laurel Drive                   200                      6               6000
          Laurel Drive                   350                      6              10500
          Easement                       150                      6               4500
          Meadow Lane                   1250                      6               3750
          Laurel Drive                   350                      6              10500
          Route 1010                     250                      6               7500
                                                          SUBTOTAL            $  76500
                                                          ENGINEERING             7650
                                                          INSPECTION             10000
                                                          CONTINGENCY            11000
                                                          TOTAL               $105150



                                        LENGTH                  SIZE              COST
                                        (FT.)                   (IN.)
          AREA 2
          Route 1011                    1050                      8              36750
          Route 1011                     850                      8              29750
          Route 1011                     550                      8              19250
          Easement                       300                      6               9000
          Easement                       350                      6              10500
          Route 1011                    1100                      8              38500
          Route 1011                    1700                      6              51000
                                                          SUBTOTAL            $194750
                                                          ENGINEERING            19475
                                                          INSPECTION             10000
                                                          CONTINGENCY            11000
                                                          TOTAL               $235225



                                        LENGTH                  SIZE              COST
                                        (FT.)                   (IN.)             ($)
          AREA 3
          Route 602                      350                      10             14700
          Route 615                      900                      6              27000
          Route 615                     1400                      10             58800
                                                          SUBTOTAL            $100500
                                                          ENGINEERING            10050
                                                          INSPECTION             10000
                                                          CONTINGENCY            11000
                                                          TOTAL               $131550



                                        LENGTH                  SIZE              COST
                                        (FT.)                   (IN.)             ($)
          AREA 4
          Easement                      2150                      8              75250
                                                          SUBTOTAL            $  75250
                                                          ENGINEERING             7525
                                                          INSPECTION             10000
                                                          CONTINGENCY            11000
                                                          TOTAL               $103775




                                          A-1







                                           LENGTH                   SIZE              COST
                                           (FT.)                    (IN.)
           AREA 5
           Route 602                       1250                      10              52500
           Easement to Tank                 450                      12              20250
           Route 684                       1100                      10              46200
           Easement                        1300                       8              45500
           Route 684                       1800                       8              63000
           Route 684                       1600                       8              56000
                                                             SUB TOTAL            $283450
                                                             ENGINEERING             28345
                                                             INSPECTION              10000
                                                             CONTINGENCY             11000
                                                             TOTAL                $332795

                                           LENGTH                   SIZE              COST
                                           .(FT.)                   (IN.)             M
           AREA 6
           Route 602                       2300                      10              96600
           Route 680                        950                      10              39900
           Easement                        2300                       8              80500
           Route 680                       2000                       8              70000
           Route 680                       1600                       6              48000
           Road                               55                      6               1650
           Road                            1100                       6              33000
                                                             SUBTOTAL             $369650
                                                             ENGINEERING             36965
                                                             INSPECTION              10000
                                                             CONTINGENCY             11000
                                                             TOTAL                $427615

                                           LENGTH                   SIZE              COST
                                           (FT.)                    (IN.)             M
           AREA 7
           Virginia    St.                  300                       8              10500
           Prince George St.                300                       8              10500
           Easement                         500                       8              17500
           Watling St.                      500                       8              17500
           Watling St.                      500                       8              17500
           Route 227                       2400                       8              84000
           Bridge Crossing                 1000                       8              40000
                                                             SUBTOTAL             $157500
                                                             ENGINEERING             15750
                                                             INSPECTION              10000
                                                             CONTINGENCY             11000
                                                             TOTAL                $194250













                                                        408

                                                                                                     aNAS                      TOWN OF U

                                                                                                                                   MASTER P
                                                                                                                                      AND SEIA


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                                                                                                                                        SITES IN
                                                                                                                                          FUTURE
                                                                                                                                            TREA


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             TOWN OF URE

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                AND SEWE


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                                                                                                                                                        SAMPLE ESTIMATE OF REVENUE, EXPENSE ANO
                                                                                                                                                       DEBT RETIREMENT FOR $286,000 PROJECT COST


               LOCATION    ................      TOWN Or URSAXNA                    NOANCREASE FIRST YEAR..                            0
               ALTERNATIVE 0       ..........                     I                 ANNUAL GROWTH %      ........                0.53
               PROJECT go    . ............                   "65                   WATER CCNNEClION FEE       ....           750.03
               FIRST YEAR    ..............                   i"S                   SEWER CONNECTION FEE       ....         1,250.03
               NUMBER TEARS        ............               15.00                       IN TOWN
               GRANT (in %)                                   0.00                  MON WATER RILL       ..........              14.03
               LOAN INTEREST X         ........               7.50                  I=. SEWER BILL       .........               14.D3
               TOTAL PROJECT COST      ......        236,000.00                       OUT  OF TOWN
               CAPITAL AVAILABLE GRANT.                       Oloo                  NOM'WATER BILL       ..........              21.03
                                       TOWN..                 0.00                  " ' SEWER BILL       .........               21.0'
               LOAN REQUIRED       ...........       256,000.00                     ANNUAL RATE INCREASE M                             2
               RET. INC. YR        ............               5.00                  ANNUAL     0& M      ............     162,000.02
                      IN TOWN                                                       0 & M GROWTH %       .........               2.DO
               NO. ERU WATER CONNECTIONS.                     480                   TRANSFER TO GEN. FUND                    0.00
               No. EW SEWER CONNECTIONS.                      471                   DECREASE PER YEAR (%)                              0
                      OUT OF TOM                                                    CONSTR. TIME (YRS.)        .....                   1
               NO. ERU     WATER CONNECTIONS.                 126                   809D RETIREMENT (YRS.)..                           is
               NO. ERU     SEWER   CONNECTIONS.                   0                 AVG. ANNUAL PEST SERVICE               32,400.15




                           YEAR        PRINCIPAL              YEAR     PRINCIPAL               YEAR      PRINCIPAL               YEAR       PRINCIPAL              YEAR           PRINCIPAL            YEAR      PRINCIPAL

                           1996        5,D00.00               2001     20,100.00               2006      32.100.DO               2011            0.00                    0            0.00                  0           0.00
                           1997        5.000.00               2002     20,100.00               2007      32,100.00               2012            0.00                    a            0.00                  0           0.00
                           1998        51000.00               200      20,100.00               20M       32,100.00               2013            0.00                    0            0.  Do                0           0.00
                           19"         5.0-00.00              2004     20,100.00               2M        32,100.00               2014            0.00                    0            0.00                  0           0.00
                           2000        5,000.00               2005     20,100.00               2010      32,100.DD               2015            0.00                    0            0.00                              O.Go
                           TOTAL       25,000.00                       125.500.00                        286,000.00                        2116,000.00                            286,000.00                     2116,0301.00
                                                                                                                                                               '6
                                                 IN TOM                             IN TOWN                        00 OF TOWN                       MIT OF TOWN                       TOTAL       TOTAL            GRAND                                                MET
                                       NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS           INCREASE OF CONNECTIONS                 NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS       INCREASE OF CONNECTIONS                REVENUIE          REVENUE        TOTAL          OPERATING       TRANSFER TO         OPERATING      OUTSTANDING          PRINCIPAL        INTEREST         DEBT              ANNUAL          CUMULATtVf
                           YEAR            MAIER              SEWER          WATER             SEWER           WATER             SEAR            WATER            SEWER               MAIER          SEWER       REVENUE            EXPENSES     GENERAL    FUND      REVENUE            LOAN             PAYMENT          PAYMENT        SERVICE             SURPlus         SURPLUS
                           1995              480              471                   0                    0         126                 0                                          11 2:392,00     79:128,00      191,520.00       162,000.00                0.00      29,520.00        256,000.00              0.00        21,450.00      21,450.00           8,070.W         3,07D.DC
                           19916             482              473                   2                    2         127                 1)              a                 0        "1 013.04       32 614.11      199.627.15       165,240.00                0.00      34,387.15        ZB6,000.00         5,000.00         21,450.00      26,450.00           7,937.15        16,007-15
                           1997              485              476                   2                    2         127                 a               1                 0        119,913.89      84,650.08      204,50.96        168.5".80                 0.00      36,019.16        281,000.00         5,000.00         21,075.00      26.075.00           9,944.16        25,951-V
                           1998              487              167B                  a                    3         128                 0               1                 0        122,657.36      87.487.t4      210.374.51       171,915.70                0.00      38,458.51        Z76,OD0.OO         S,OOO.D0         20,700.00      25,700-00           12,7513i8l      38,710.13
                           1 W9              490              480                   2                    2         129                 0               1                 0        12S.935.29      88,976.60      214,811.59       175,354.01                0.00      39,457.88        271,000.00         5,000.00         20,325.00      25,325.00           14.13Z.=        52.843-01
                           2000              492              483                   2                    2         129                 0               1                 a        t2g,059.54      91,069.73      220, 129.29      178,361.09                O.Q0      41.20.20         266,000.00         5,000.00         19,950.00      24,950.00           16,3ia.zo       69,ibi.r.
                           2001              4"               485                   2                    3         130                 a               A                 a        13Z,MZ.03       94,067.95      2M.V9.93         182,438.31                0.00      43,891.67        261,000.00         20,100.00        19,575.00      39,675.00           4,216-67        73,3n-M
                           zm                49r              488                   z                    2         130                 0               1                 a        155,S".Ti       95.6U.58       31. 167.29       1116,087.08               0.00      45,080.22        240,900.00         20,100-00        15,067.50      38,167-50           6,912.TZ        80,290.60
                           Z003              500              490                   2                    3         131                 a               I                 a        138,909.61      98,735.06      257,6".66        189,1508.82               0.00      47.835.84        220,800.00         20,100.00        16,560.00      36.660.00           11,17S."        gl,"6."
                           2004              502              493                   2                    2         132                 a               I                 a        f42,358.77      100.406.413    242.7fiS.60      193,605.09                0.00      49,160.61        ZW,?W.W            20,100.00        15,052.50      35,152.50           14,008.11       105,476.55
                           zm                so               495                   3                    3         112                 0               1                 0        145,894.32      103.639.39     249.Sn.72        19Y,477.10                0.00      52,056.62        180,600.W          20.100.00        13,545.00      33,645.00           tB,411.62       123,SU.17
                           2006              507              495                   3                    2         133                 0               1                 0        149,518.43      105,434.2?     254,952.70       201,426.64                0.00      53,526.06        160,500.00         32,100.00        12,037.50      ". 137.50           9,388.56        133,2n.73
                           2007              510              SIX)                  3                    3         134                 a               1                 0        153.233.31      108.793.02     262.026.n        M,455.il                  0.00      56,571.16        123,400.00         3Z.100.00        9,630.00       41,730.00           14,541.16       149, 115.85'
                           2ooa              512              so                    3                    2         134                 a               1                 0        157,041.25      110,717.25     267,rA.50        209,564.Zr                0.00      58,194.ZZ        96.3w.w            12.100.00        7.222.50       39,322.50           18,871.72       166,937.61
                           2009              31S              505                   3                    3         135                 0               1                 0        160,944.ST      114,ZCB.60     Zn, 153.17       213,755.56                0.00      61.397.61        64,200.00          32,100.00        4,815.00       36.915.00           24,492.61       191,47U.23
                           2010              517              Sao                   3                    2         136                 0               1                 0        164,945.68      116,268.76     231,214.44       215,030.67                0.00      63,10.77         32.100.00          32,100.00        2,407.50       34,507.50           2B,676.27       Z20,146.49
                           2011              520              SID                   3                    3         136                 0               1                 0        169.047.02      119,SW.46      288.946.48       222,39128                 0.00      66,55S.19                0.00             0.00            0.00             0.00         66,555.19       206,7DI.fig












                                                                                                                                                              SAMPLE ESTIMATE OF REVENUE, EXPENSE AND
                     LOCATION  ................        TOWN OF URSAWNX                    NO-INCREASE FIRST YEAR..                            0
                     ALTERNATIVE N      ..........                      I                 ANNUAL GROWTH %      ........                 0.50                 DEBT RETIREMENT FOR $224,000 PROJEC7 COST@
                     PROJECT NO  . ............                    9065                   WATER CONNECTION FEE       ....            750.00
                     FIRST YEAR  ..............                    1995                   SEWER CONNECTION FEE       ....          1,250.00
                     NUMBER YEARS    ............                  15.00                        IN TOWN
                     CUNT (in %)                                   0.00                   MON.WATER BILL       ..........               13.50
                     LOAN INTEREST X        ........               7.50                   MON . SEWER BILL     .........                13.50
                     TOTAL PROJECT COST     ......        224,000.00                        OUT OF TOWN
                     CAPITAL AVAILABLE GRANT.                      0.00                   MOM.WATER BILL       ..........               20.50
                                            TOWN..                 0.00                   MON. SEWER BILL      .........                20.50
                     LOAN REQUIRED   ...........          224,000.00                      ANNUAL RATE INCREASE M                              2
                     RET. INC. YR    ............                  5.00                   ANNUAL 0 & N         ............     162,000.00
                           IN TOWN                                                        0 & X GROWTH %       .........                2.00
                     NO. ERU WATER CONNECTIONS.                    480                    TRANSFER TO GEN. FUND ..                  0.00
                     NO. ERU SEWER CONNECTIONS7                    471                    DECREASE PER YEAR M          ...                    0
                           OUT OF TOWN                                                    CONSTR. TIME CYRS.)       .....                     I
                     NO. ERIJ WATER CONNECTIONS.                   126                    BOND RETIREMENT (YRS.)..                            15
                     NO. ERU   SEWER CONNECTIONS.                       0                 AVG. ANNUAL DEBT SERVICE               25,376.34




                               YEAR         PRINCIPAL              YEAR     PRINCIPAL               YEAR       PRINCIPAL                YEAR      PRINCIPAL               YEAR         PRINCIPAL                YEAR      PRINCIPAL

                               1996         5,000.00               2001     15,000.00               20M        24,800.00                2011            0.00                    0            0.00                   0            0.00
                               1997         5,000.00               2002     15,000.00               2007       24,800.00                2012            O.DO                    0            0.00                   0            0.00
                               1993         5.000.00               2003                             20M        24,800.00                2013            0.00                    0            0.00                   0            0.00
                               1999         s.Ow.OO                2004     15.000.00               2009       24,800.00                2014            0.00                    0            0.00                   0            0.00
                               2000         5,Ooo.OO               2005     15,000.00               2010       24,800.00                2015            0.00                    a            0.00                   0            0.00

                               TOTAL        25,000.00                       100,000.00                         224,000.00                        224,000.W                             Z24,000.00                         224,000.00

                                                       IN TOWN                            IN TOWN                          OUT OF TOWN                    CUT OF TOWN                        TOTAL       TOTAL            GRAND                                                 NET
                                            HUNIBER OF CONNECTIONS          INCREASE OF CONNECTIONS               NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS           INCREASE Of CONNECTIONS                 REVENUE           REVENUE       TOTAL             OPERATING TRANSFER TO            OPERATING       OUTSTANDING           PRINCIPAL        INTEREST          DEBT               AMMAL          CUIRILATIVE
                               YEAR            WATER               SEWER          WATER             SEWER            WATER              SEWER           WATER            SEWER               WATER           SEWER        REVENUE           EVIENSES    GENERAL    FUND       REVENUE            LOAN              PAYMENT          PAYMENT         SERVICE              SURPLUS          SURPLUS
                               1995               480              4711                   0                    a           126                                                         08                                     058.00            DDO.OD                00      23 058.00        224 000.00                           a 800.00        16 800.00            6 258.00       6 258.00
                               1996               4112             473                    2                    2           127                0                                        113 M .78         79 717.18        93 002.96         65 240-W               0.00       27 762.96        224 000.00                                                                               1:
                                                                                                                                              0              a                  a      I :r,6.00         76:m "0          ""':                                                                                     %0.0-0-0         116 800.00      21 80D.Go            5 962.96       2 220.96
                               1997               "s               476                    2                    2           127                0              1                  0      116,093.07        81,6110.43       197,M .50         168,5".80              0.00       29,228.70        219,000.00          '-'OO.GO         16,425.00       21,425.00            7,11,03.70     20,024.66
                               Im                 457              478                    2                    3           128                0              1                  0      118,970.64        84,"2.96         203,413.60        1?1.915.70             0.00       31,477.91        214,000.00          5,000.00         16.050.00       21,050.00            10,"7.9t       30,472.56
                               1999               490              480                    2                    2           129                               1                  0      121,920.26        85. n6.00        207,676.27        175,3S4.01             0.00       32,3Z2.26        209,000.00          5,000. 00        Is 675.00       20,675.00            11,647.26      42,119.82
                               2000               492              483                    2                    2           129                                                         124:91,3-74       87:1170*13       1,12:814.57       173:861 09             0.00       33;953.48        204,000.00          5.000.00         15:300.00       20,300.00            13,653.48      55,T?3.30
                               2001               495              4as                    2                    3           130                               11                 0.     128 042.92        90 M.74          2 8 831.6S        1112 4W@l              0.00       36,393.34        199.000.00          15,000.00        14,925.00       29,925.00            6,463.34       62,241.64
                               2002               497              4w                     2                    2           130                0              1                  0      131 219.70        92,261.06        W,480.76          1116.0117.015          0@001      37,393.68        184.000.00          15.000.00        13'soo.00       28'sm.00             5,593.66       70,835.32_
                               20113              SOO              490                    2                    3           131                               1                  .      134:476.04        95,2B9.16        229,765.20        189,3013.82            0.00       39,956.38        169,000.00          15,000.00        12.675.00       27.675.DD            12,251.38      83,116.70
                               2004               502              493                    2                    2           132                0              1                  0      137,313.92        96,874."         234,688.36        193.605.00             0.00       41,083.37        154,000.00          I5,ooO.Oo        11,550.00       26,550.00            14,533.37      97,650.06
                               ZOOS               -505             495                    3                    3           132                0              1                  0      141,235.39        100.018.34       241,253.74        197.477.10             0.00       43,776.64        139,000.00          15,DDO.00        10,4n.oo        25,425.00                           116,001.71
                               2006               so?              498                    3                    2           133                               1                              742.56       101,M.33         2". 464.89        201.426.64             0.00       45,038.5         121,000.00          24,800.00        9.30111.00      34,100.00            10,9M.25       126,939.96
                               2007               SID              Soo                    3                    3           134                0              1                         "4"8.337.57       104,981.91       253.325.48        205.455.17             0.00       47,870.31        99,2DO.DO           24,800.00        7,"0.00         32,240.00            15,630-31      142,570.27
                               ZOOS               512              503                    3                    2           134                0              1                  0      152,022.62        106,816.63       255,539.25        209.5".Zr              0.00       19,274.93        74,400.00           21,&10.00        5.580.00        30,3w.w              18,894.9a      wms.z
                               2009               515              505                    3                    3           135                                                         55,799.98         110,210.08       266.010.06        213.M.56               0.00       52,254.50        49,600.00           24.800.00        3,nO.00         28,520.00            23,734.50      ias,199.75
                               2010               517              sca                    3                    2           136                               11                        1159,671.9S       112,169.88       271,841.83        218,81).67             0.00       53,811.16        24,800.00           21,800.00        1,1560.00       26,660.00            27,51.16       212,350.91
                               2011               520              sic                    3                    3           136                0              1                  0      163,640.92        115,697.69       279,338.61        M.39n.28               0.00       56,947.33                0.00             0.00              0.00              0.00         56,947.33      269,298.24










                                                                                                                                    NOAA COAS
                                                                                                                                              TAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



                                                                                                                                    3 6668 14112900