[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]






                                                                                          2 Z'S'






                       En'vironm'ent.al Science & Engjneeiring, Inc.,




                                                                A CILCORP Cam@,,



                              TURKEY CREEK WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

                                WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN FOR THE

                               WATER CONTROL DISTRICT OF SOUTH BREVARD















                                                                 C
                                                                     STAL ZON'-@:
                                                                  OA.

                                                                                   R
                                                              INFORMATION





























































                                            US Department of Commerce
                                       NOAA Conotal San-vices C-----z or Library

                                              CLarles,ton, SC 294GZ-.121423

































                                TURKEY CREEK WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM


                                  WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN FOR THE


                                 WATER CONTROL DISTRICT OF SOUTH BREVARD







                                          CZM CONTRACT No. CM252
                                               FINAL REPORT



                                               December 1990













                 Funds for this project were provided by the Department of Environmental
                 Regulation, Office of Coastal Management, using funds made available
                 through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the
                 Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended.










                                           US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                        NOAA Cc,          SERVICES CENTER Library,
                                             22-- South ---oon Avenue
                 	                     	   Charleston, SC 29463-2413




























































                                     US Department of Commerce
                                                          .1,
                                NTOA-A Ccastal Services       Libraw
                                      =-,l Couth Zobson 2'@@Vcnue
                                      CLarleston, SC 294CZ-2413











                                               EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


                    The Water Control District of South Brevard (WCDSB) maintains a large canal
                    network which drains over 99 square miles in South Brevard County between the
                    lower St. Johns River and the Indian River Lagoon. Surface drainage from this
                    area is routed through a large canal system discharging through the MS-1
                    structure to Turkey Creek which then flows onto the Indian River Lagoon. There
                    has been research undertaken by the St. Johns River Water Management District,
                    the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, and the Florida Institute of
                    Technology in the last few years surrounding water quality issues within the
                    WCDSB and downstream of the WCDSB in Turkey Creek. Current plans to
                    divert flow from the WCDSB to the lower St. Johns River has also increased
                    attention to water quality issues surrounding WCDSB discharges.

                    To prepare for future water quality monitoring of their canal system, the WCDSB
                    developed this water quality monitoring plan for future implementation when
                    funds permit. The plan calls for baseline water quality monitoring of each major
                    lateral to canal C-1 as well as storm event sampling and baseline monitoring at
                    each discharge point from the WCDSB jurisdiction. Parameters recommended
                    for sampling include mostly nutrients and suspended solids and some metals.
                    Frequency of sampling, parameters to be sampled and sampling locations were
                    recommended on the basis of pertinent water quality concerns and cost factors.
                    The costs presented are estimates only and are subject to change depending on
                    the sampling undertaken, the timeframe, and the selected Contractor's lab
                    analysis and labor fees.




























                    801/B











                    1.0 INTRODUCTION

                    The Water Control District of South Brevard (WCDSB) maintains a large canal
                    network which drains over 99 square miles in South Brevard County between the
                    lower St. Johns River and the Indian River Lagoon. The majority of land use
                    within the District consists of suburban residential or agricultural (rangeland)
                    uses. Currently, surface drainage from this area is routed through a large canal
                    system discharging through the MS-1 structure to Turkey Creek which then flows
                    onto the Indian River Lagoon.

                    Historically, the western portion of the District was part of the lower St. Johns
                    River marsh. However, in 1922 the WCDSB canal system was created and
                    drainage was diverted to Turkey Creek. Recently, the St. Johns River Water
                    Management District and the WCDSB have discussed restoring some of the
                    historical flow from the WCDSB to the St. Johns River. The preliminary plan is
                    to divert C-1 water westward towards a proposed settling pond to be located on
                    the west end of C-1 and from there the water will flow through a natural wet-
                    lands flow-way to the south of the proposed pond and eventually end up in the
                    lower St. Johns River. This will divert some of the flow currently discharged to
                    Turkey Creek and the Indian River Lagoon over to the lower St. Johns River
                    when it is implemented.

                    The WCDSB has an interest in preparing for future water quality monitoring of
                    their canal system and discharges to waters of the State. There are several
                    objectives for a water quality monitoring program within the WCDSB. The first
                    objective would be to monitor the nutrient loadings and toxics, levels in the
                    surface water discharges to the Turkey Creek and/or the lower St. Johns River.
                    Turkey Creek discharges to the Indian River Lagoon which has recently been
                    designated a National Marine Estuary. Recent research document concerns
                    about the WCDSB discharges in terms of suspended matter (Trefrey, 1989),
                    nutrients (Dierberg, 1990 and FDER, 1990) and salinities which may affect the
                    shellfish industry in the Lagoon (Steward, 1989). The lower St. Johns River has
                    been designated as Class I waters of the State, therefore if any WCDSB drainage
                    is diverted to the St. Johns, those discharges must also be monitored, but more
                    specifically for Class I water quality standards. A third objective of water quality
                    monitoring within the WCDSB is to monitor nutrient fluxes per unit area for each
                    of the major subbasins within the District and to observe whether or not storm-
                    water BMP's (Best Management Practices) which may be implemented in the
                    future will be effective in reducing pollutant loadings. A fourth objective of a
                    water quality monitoring program within the WCDSB is to prepare for any future
                    stormwater regulatory programs which may be implemented by the WCDSB and
                    to prepare the WCDSB for any regulatory requirements put on the discharges to
                    the St. Johns and the Indian River Lagoon by the NPDES (National Pollutant
                    Discharge Elimination System) Program. ' The Contractor who performs the water
                    quality sampling must be aware that the NPDES program has the potential to
                    affect the parameters recommended here for sampling. To meet these objectives,
                    this water quality monitoring plan was developed as part of a Coastal Zone




                    801/13








                   Management Grant administered by the Florida Department of Environmental
                   Regulation.


                   2.0 PROPOSED MONITORING

                   The proposed water quality monitoring network is designed to provide consis-
                   tently reliable scientific data which will support the long-term monitoring objec-
                   tives of the WCDSB. This sampling plan will be designed to monitor yearly
                   discharge concentrations during base flow conditions and during storm events.
                   The monitoring network will include bi-monthly grab sampling, automated
                   stormwater sampling and continuous discharge measurements. This plan of water
                   quality sampling was developed with valuable inputs from individuals with the
                   WCDSB, Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER), St. Johns
                   River Water Management District (SJRWMD) and Florida Institute of
                   Technology (FIT).

                   GRAB SAMPLING

                   Baseline water quality grab samples will be collected on a bi-monthly basis at the
                   locations shown in Figure 1. Stations were selected based upon the extent and
                   drainage of major sub-basins within the WCDSB and the location of four main
                   lateral canals (Figure 2). Land uses within the major sub-basins vary, however
                   the majority of land uses fall within residential, residential under construction, or
                   agricultural categories (Figure 3). Several sampling locations are proposed at
                   sites which are currently active USGS stream gaging stations and where the
                   SJRWMD and FIT have recently collected water quality samples (shown in red
                   on Figure 1). Additional sampling stations are to be established at the WCDSB
                   water control structure (MSI) and at the discharge of C-82, the only canal within
                   the WCDSB that enters Turkey Creek without passing through C-1 and through
                   the MS1 structure (shown in green on Figure 1). Due to the expected western
                   diversion and construction of a flow-way and settling pond by the SJRWMD in
                   the western part of the WCDSB, monitoring stations are also proposed at the
                   planned inflow and outflow structures of the pond. Since the ponds have not
                   been designed as of this writing, the sampling locations in these areas are
                   approximations. The proposed sampling stations for this plan are described below:


                         TCO located in the Minton Road canal at the north side of the intersec-
                         tion at Emerson and Minton Roads. There is a USGS gaging station
                         located at this location.

                         TC8 located on C-10, downstream of C-19. A USGS gaging station is
                         located just downstream at the Malabar Bridge.

                         TC9 located on C-1, 400 m west of where C-10 and C-62 intersect with C-1.
                         This is also a site of a USGS gaging station.





                   801/B                                  -2-







                                                                                                                                                                                                                RECOMMENDED                                     WATER QUALITY

                                                                                                                                                                                                                MONITORING S1 I Lt;                                                        WCDSB




                                                                                                     C-8 4%1


                                                                                                  8 3                     C-62

                                                                                         C-S2                             C-63                   r-7A                                                                                                   Curren         a er     ualiLy Monitoring Station

                                                                                         C-53                             C-64                   C-71


                                                                                         C@S4                             C-65             -Q-72
                                                                                                                FD                       w
                                                                                                                I         C-68             jC0 C-73
                                                                                          FP'0  A                                  -     J,                                                                                                             Proposad Water Qual i Ly Monitoring Station
                                                                                                                                                 C-74



                                                                                         v          7              C04
                                                                ftlf- 01-                                    TC                                                      C-1          rJ7

                                                                                                                          C-21                  C-SI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     vt
                                                                                                                          C-20
                                                                                                           oil
                                                                                                                  TC8     c-ia                  C-49        OC-76W


                                                                                                                                                C-49


                                                                                                                          C-17                  C-41


                                                                                                                          C to                  C-4R
                                                                                                                                                            T
                                                                                                                                              C-45




                                                                                                                    7


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   SCALE     1: 125900






                                                                                                                                              C-40
                                                                                                                          4    4    d

                                                                                                                                            - - -                                                               December 1990                                                           Environmental
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Science &
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Eng i neer i ng, Inc



                                     Prepared for the Water Control District of South Brevard                                                                                                                                                                                                             Figure I
                                                                                                               farccov


                                                                                                                                            @C@-40





                                                               @
                                                                        C-84W                             C-


                                                                  C-23                        C-62
                                                           C-52                               C-63                                                                                         M A J 0 R           SUB13AS I N

                                                           C-53                               C-64                     -7t
                                                                                                   C-61
                                                                                                                       C-72
                                                         --C-54                               C-65                     C-69                                                         BOUNDARIES                                 WCDSB
                                                                                              C-66                     C-73


                                                                                              C-67                     C-74
                                                  Ln         r-    OD   0)
                                                  Ln    LO   Ln    La   LO                                                                c- I C
                                                                                              C@68                     C-75


                                                                                              C-
                                                                                                                                               co
                                                                                                                                               00  co                                                            Subbasin Boundary
                                                     AGR.CUL'URE                              -21                   C-si                               C-82
                                                                                              C-20                                                                                                    N
                                                                                              C-10
                                                                                              C-19                  C-49           C-76W


                                                                                              C-18                  C-48
                                                                                                                                                                                                       C-37      Subboxin ID
                                                                                C-9
                                                                                              r,-17                 C-47
                                                        Ln   (0   r-                                                         C-37
                                                        U,   U,   U,                          C-16                  C-4


                                                                                0)                                 C-45
                                                                                              C-16









                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          SCALE   1088888

                                                                                                                                              01,                                                                                           .5   e          I MILE
                                                                                                                               C-38
                                                                                                   C-9 z            -40
                                                                                                                 C


                                                                                                                                                                                December 1990                                               EnvironmenLal
                                                                                          C-9R                                                                                                                                              Science &
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering,Inc.


                                                                                                                          . . .. ....................
                               Prepared for Lhe WoLer ConLrol DisLrict of SouLh Brevard                                                                                                                                                                     figure 2









                                                                                                                                                                                                                          W C D S B                LANDUSE


                                                                                                                                     1:1 @12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          BY SUB-BASIN








                                                                                                                             . ...........


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C-1-tione    ULI I ItIse



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Insilk.11-1



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           R-eati.-I



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Cpw@ Alt@"  Ewkreetf@ Lw%ds



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           crplaw & POOL---
                                                                                                               ,w1f
                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                                                           C-3
                                                                                                                                                            -------------------                                                   KN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           SPOOI.ILY Air,cuit-







                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           F-k.4 W-Js



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           WOL_
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  SCALE    1:t90809


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             I       S    a             I MILE
                                                                                                                                                             C.48



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Environmental
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         December 1990                                                               Science &
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Eng i neer i ng, Inc.


                                      Prepared for the Woter Control District of South                                                       Brevard                                                                                                                                                                    Figure 3









                          MS1 located at the MS1 water control structure on C-1. Water levels are
                          recorded continuously by use of a rating curve for the structure. This
                          station currently receives runoff from 95 percent of the WCDSB drainage
                          area before discharge into the headwaters of Turkey Creek.

                          WCD1 located at the terminus of C-82 is the only other discharge point to
                          Turkey Creek. C-82 drains a land area of approximately 2,208 acres. Land
                          use in this sub-basin consists of mixed urban uses.

                          WCD2 located just upstream of C-1 on C-69 this station receives runoff
                          from approximately 3,712 acres, half of which is covered by residential
                          development and the other half is forested uplands.

                          WCD3 located just upstream of C-1 on C-37, this station receives runoff
                          from approximately 8,237 acres of primarily residential land use.

                          WCD4 located just upstream of C-1 on C-61, this station receives runoff
                          from approximately 6,182 acres. Sixty (60) percent of this area is residential
                          and 40 percent is forested uplands.

                          WCD5 located just upstream of C-1 on C-10, this station receives runoff
                          from approximately 16,614 acres (in sub-basins C-10, C-16, C-9R and C-38)
                          of primarily residential or residential under construction land use.

                          WCD6 is to be located at the inflow structure of a proposed off-line settling
                          pond at the western end of C-1. The pond is a component of the
                          SJRWMD's proposed future flow-way to the St. Johns River.

                          WCD7 is to be located at the outfall of the proposed off-line settling pond.
                          This outfall will discharge directly into the SJRWMD flow-way and ulti-
                          mately to the St. Johns River.

                    EXISTING STATIONS

                    Stations TCO, TC9 and TC8 were established by SJRWMD and have been the
                    site of several recent water quality sampling efforts including investigations by Dr.
                    John Trefry and Dr. Forrest Dierberg of FIT. These locations are also USGS
                    continuous recording stream gaging stations. These stream gaging stations
                    currently monitor flows from three WCDSB sub-basins which vary significantly in
                    land use composition. Station TCO receives runoff from a developing urban area
                    located within the City of Palm Bay, station TC8 is currently monitoring flows in
                    an area of rapid residential development, and station TC9 is currently receiving
                    drainage from approximately 24,000 acres of agricultural land use. Station TC9
                    may suffice as the monitoring site for inflows to the proposed settling pond when
                    constructed.








                    801/13                                 -3-










                    PROPOSED NEW STATIONS

                    The installation of several new water quality monitoring stations is considered
                    necessary to characterize water quality conditions within the major lateral canals
                    (C-37, C-69, C-10 and C-61) upstream of the discharge point into C-1. These
                    lateral canals drain approximately 60 percent of the entire WCDSB. Stations
                    WCD 2 through 5 will provide data for the characterization of water quality in
                    those major sub-basins which empty into C-1 and ultimately discharge to Turkey
                    Creek through the MS1 structure. Station WCD 1 is located at the outfall point
                    of C-82 which drains approximately 2,208 acres, or 13 percent of the WCDSB
                    area. C-82 also discharges directly into a tributary of Turkey Creek without
                    passing through the MS1 water control structure. Station MS1 has been esta-
                    blished to further characterize water quality within C-1 before it discharges into
                    Turkey Creek. Flows are estimated at this location by use of a discharge-rating
                    curve developed for this presently operational water control structure.

                    Station WCD 6 and 7 will be established at the inflow and outfall locations of the
                    proposed settling pond to be constructed as part of the western diversion. The
                    data collected at these stations will be used after construction of the pond to
                    determine the treatment efficiency of the pond before the water enters the
                    proposed flow way (Figure 4). The settling pond, once constructed, will be the
                    final point of discharge for a significant volume of runoff from the C-1 drainage
                    area to the St. Johns River.


                    STORM EVENT SAMPLING

                    Storm events within the WCDSB are extremely important in the behavior of
                    many total, dissolved, and particulate species of nutrients and metals. During
                    most major storm events that were recently monitored, particulate organic
                    nitrogen was observed by Dierberg (1990) as being mobilized the soonest in four
                    out of rive sub-basins studied. In the same study, nitrate-nitrite concentrations
                    showed variable responses with rainfall. This was believed to be caused by the
                    actions of several agricultural land owners who were retaining runoff on their
                    land during storm events to fill small ponds. When rainfall exceeded the capacity
                    of these ponds, water was then discharged over the dike and into the WCDSB
                    canal system. Dr. Dierberg also found that several phosphorous species exhibited
                    the traditional "first flush" response while dissolved organic carbon responded by
                    gradual concentration increases (Figures 5 through 11). As indicated by these
                    results, various targeted species have responded to storm events in variety of ways
                    and in some instances may increase over extended periods of time. Given these
                    results, any attempt to collect representative stormwater samples during major
                    events must incorporate automated sampling over extended periods of time to
                    ensure total hydrograph representation.

                    Dierberg (1990) also reports that one-third of the annual total nitrogen, one-half
                    of the total phosphorous and one-fourth of the annual dissolved organic carbon
                    were exported in C-1 water at the MS1 water control structure to downstream
                    waters during a six-week period when three major storms occurred. Sediment



                    801/B                                   -4-



















                                                            ty. R


                                      -ILL-


                                      5.1
                                  Ni
                                                  W-f        D
                                                           M   N[T
                                                  T f FU T M
                    IT                            A5
                       P U                                 0-1 ANIL


                                                                             a6

                                                              -Jr






                                                                           J5
                                 N,                                                          V    12ZO

                                                                                                        '00






                                                                  ITTI
                                                                              54
                                                            6--J-@O ITTI
                                    H2,



                                                                     FIGURE 4 - Proposed Flow Way

                                                                                               Source: SJRWMD 19








                    loading analyses specific to particulate nutrients and metals were conducted by
                    Dr. John Trefry in investigations for the SJRWMD. Dr. Trefry's findings (Trefry
                    et al 1989) included the following: "...high flows during January 1989 carried 240
                    metric tons of sediment through Turkey Creek in a 72 hour event. Such transport
                    during a major storm event is equivalent to the amount of suspended sediment
                    carried through Turkey Creek during 2-4 years of normal, non-storm flow."

                    To augment the bi-monthly grab sampling, storm event sampling will be con-
                    ducted at stations TC7, TC9 and WCD1. Based upon USGS stream gaging
                    records and Dr. Dierberg's studies, six to eight storms should be captured yearly
                    to provide a representative sample. The storm event sampling should be spread
                    over the entire year to allow for variability caused by seasonality. Since it is
                    sometimes impossible to mobilize personnel during storms events and since storm
                    sampling can be dangerous, the proposed monitoring network will be outfitted
                    with ISCO automatic sampling devices equipped with water level actuators.
                    Approximate stage-discharge relationships for storms previously monitored by
                    Dierberg (1990) will be used to initially set the ISCO water level actuator. Since
                    all of the stormwater sampling locations are also continuous stream gaging sites,
                    each of these locations will be equipped with a water level indicator consisting of
                    a data logger and pressure probe. The data logger will record water levels
                    continuously and will, therefore, provide flow data throughout the storm event.
                    Each captured storm event will also consist of at least 6 to 8 water quality
                    samples composited over the entire hydrograph (see hydrographs in Figures 5-11).
                    WCDSB field personnel will be utilized to retrieve and ship samples when events
                    terminate (i.e., when normal baseline flow conditions return).

                    DISCHARGE GAGING

                    To estimate mass discharge of pollutants, water discharge rates will need to be
                    determined at selected locations. This plan provides for collection of this
                    information by proposing rive new streamflow gaging locations in the WCDSB in
                    addition to the four current USGS streamflow gaging stations at TC9, TC7, TCO
                    and TC8, as indicated on Figure 1. Continuous discharge hydrographs will be
                    developed at each of those locations through application of standard procedures
                    as described below. There are site specific conditions that require consideration,
                    however, and these are discussed further in the next section.

                    Hydrologic and Hydraulic Conditions within the Watershed

                    The watershed covers approximately 99 square miles and the relief within that
                    area is less than 20 to 25 feet. The drainage system is almost entirely a man-
                    made system of interconnected canals. There is no long-term discharge data
                    within the watershed, although four USGS streamflow gaging stations have been
                    established within the last year. The "normal" discharge from the MS-1 water
                    control structure at the outlet of the watershed is believed to be approximately
                    200 cfs or 27 inches/year (Pennell, 1990). This is a relatively high runoff rate,
                    amounting to approximately 2 cfs/sq mile, which indicates that groundwater
                    discharge is a significant component of the discharge.



                    801/B                                   - 5 -



                       M AN I%,-                                                               M -M M M M M                                                                        M M
                                                                               2                          Figure 5         Concentration vs. Time During Select
                                                                                                                           Storm Event.
                                                                               3
                                                                               4

                                                                               5

             S
                                                                              J7 9
                                                                                                                                                                            NOX                 14
              .U                                                                                                                                                            NH3
                                                                                                                                                                   ---6-    SON                 13
                                                                                                                                                                            PON
          1. 2                                                                                                                                                              Discharc2e          12




                                                                                                                                                                                             -10
                              March 13-18, 1988                      T C 0                                                                                                                   -9



            7 -
                                                                                                                                                                                             -7









                                                                                                                                                                                                4



                                                                                                                                                                                                3


         C. 2 " +                                                                                                                                                                            -2




         o o!   f                                                                                                                                                                             10
             12 .00 hr                                12.00 hr                                 12.00 hr                                  [email protected] hr                      12. 00 h r
            3!13188
                                                     3/14/88                                  3115188                                   3/16/86                        3@18/88

                                                                                                 Date                                                                 Source: Dierberg
                                                                                                                                                                       et al 1990








                                                               Figure 6          COncentration vs. Time During Select Storm Events

                                      0


                                      2

                                      3


                   1/20               5


                                      7LT
                                      8
                                      93
                                      10
                                      11


                    1,1                                                                                                                                                                  -22
                                      January 22 - February 15, 1989                 TC 7                                                                                                -20
                    1.0  -

                    0.9  -                                                                                                                                                               -18
                    0.8  -                                                                                                                                                               -116

                                                                                                                                                                                         -14
                    0.7


                                                                                                                                                                                             2
                    016 -                                                                                                                                             0     NOX
                                                                                                                                                                    --0-- N H 3
                                                                                                                                                                    --6- SON             -10
                    0.5-
                                                                                                                                                                            PON
                    0.4-                                                                                                                                                   Discharge     - 8




                    0,                                                                                                                                                                   -4


                    0.                                                                                                                                                                   -2


                    0.                                                                                                                                                                      0
                         12.00                                                                                                 12                 0                                12,00
                                                                                                    1 .00         12.00          .60  12.     '12.0 -    '12-00
                         1/22         1/2 3        1/24          1/25         1/26         1/27     1 /29         1/30         1/31   2/2      2/5       2/9                      2/15

                                                                                                  Date



                                                                                                                           Source: Dierberg et al 1990
                         21



                         0
                                      12.00        12.00         12.00        12.00        12.00






                      Figure 7        Concentration vs- Time During Select                Storm Events

                                                                                                         2



                                                                                                         5 Z
                                                                                                         6
                                                                                                         7 n

                2.4                                                                                                                        4Q


                2.3                                                                                                                        46


                2.2-                                                                                                                       44


                2.1 -                                                                                                                      42


                2.0-                                                                                                                       40


                1.9-                                                                                                                       38


                                                                                                                                           36


                1.7                                                                                                                        34


                1,6                                                                                                                        32


                1.5 -                                                                                                                      30


                1.4 -                                                                                                                      -28


                1.3 -
                                                                                                                                           -26


                1.2-                                                                                                                       24


                1.1 -                                                                                                                      22
                                      March 3 - 211 1989            TC 9
             0  1.0                                                                                                                        20
                                                                                                                            Nox
                0.9                                                                                                        N H3            -18
                                                                                                                     -6-- SON
                0.8                                                                                                  -U- PON               -15
                                                                                                                           ()jqcharge
                0.7-                                                                                                                       -14


                0.6-                                                                                                                       -12


                0.5-                                                                                                                       -10


                0.4-                                                                                                                       -8


                0.3


                0.2-                                                                                                    1                  4

                0.1                                                                                                                        2

                0.0 L                                                                                                                      0
                    12.00      12LOO      12,00       12,00       2-00      12 '00      12-00      12!00
                    3/3        3/4        3/5        3/6         3/7        3/8        3/9         3/10         3113      3/21

                                                                    Date

                                                                                                                      erbe
                                                                                                       Source:     Di       rg et al 1990








                                                                        Figure 8            Concentration vs. Time During Select Storm Events
                                                                                                                                                                     OF


                                                                                                                                                                    -2S
                                                                                                                                                                     3E)
                                                                                                                                                                    -4m
                                                                                                                                                                     5a
                                                                                                                                                                     6i
                                                                                                                                                                     7


                                          1.3-                                                                                                                                                                  - 26


                                          1.2 -                                                                                                                                                                 -24
                                                                     March 3 - 21, 1989                     TC 7
                                          1.1                                                                                                                                                                   - 22


                                          1.0                                                                                                                                                                   -20


                                          0.9-                                                                                                                                                                  -18
                                                                                                                                                                                    --&- NOx
                                          0.8                                                                                                                                      ---0-- NH3                   -16
                                                                                                                                                                                   --6- SON
                                     c) 0.7                                                                                                                                        --C- PON                     -14   0
                                                                                                                                                                                           Discharge
                                     6    0.6                                                                                                                                                                   @12

                                     C    0.5                                                                                                                                                                      1.0 EL
                                     U
                                     6    0.4                                                                                                                                                                         0
                                     U

                                          0.3                                                                                                                                                                      6
                                          0..2                                                                                                                                                                  -4

                                          0.1                                                                                                                                                                   -2


                                          0.0                                                                                                                                                                   10
                                           12@00           12.00           12.00           12.00          12.00           12.00            12-00           12.00             12.00         12.00
                                           3/3             3/4            3/5             3/6              3/7            3/8              3/9            3/10               3/13          3/21

                                                                                                                         Date


                                                                                                                                          Source:          Dierberg et al              1990




                                                                                          Figure 9          Concentration vs. Time Du-r n"g                     ec''St6rm Events
                                                                                                                                                                    t



                                                                            -2


                                                                            -4

                                                                            17
                                                                                                                                                                                 NOX
                                                                                                                                                                                 N H 3
                                                                                                                                                                                 SO N             26
                                                                                                                                                                                 P 0 N
       1 .2 J-                                                                                                                                                                   Disch.arge     -24
                            M a rc h       13        181 1988                 T C 9                                                                                                             122
                                                                                                                                                                                                  20
       0. 9;@                                                                                                                                                                                     18
       0   L                                                                                                                                                                                    J 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                       3
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Cl)

                                                                                                                                                                                                 -14
                                                                                                                                                                                                  112



                                                                                                                                                                                                  -2


                                                                                                                                                                                                    0
                                                                                                 12.00 hr                                  12. 00 h r                       12.00 hr
            12.00 hr                                  12.00hr
           3 /13 / 88                                3@ /14 /88                                 3/15/88                                   3/16/88                           3/18/88
                                                                                                      Date               Source: Dierberg et al                 1990





                                                                  0
                                                                               Figure 10      Concentration Vs. Time During Select Storm Events

                                                                  2


                                                                  4

                                                                  5
                                                                  6:-
                                                                  70
                                                                   3
                                                                                                                                                                   28



                                                                                                                                                                   26


         12                                                                                                                                                        24
                                                                                                                                           NOX                     122
                                                                                                                                    --(>-- NH3
                                        March 13 -18, 1988              T C 7                                                       -6--   SON                     20
                                                                                                                                           PON
                                                                                                                                           DIscharge               18


                                                                                                                                                                 --j 16  2.

                                                                                                                                                                      to
                                                                                                                                                                   14
       C .7
                                                                                                                                                                       3
                                                                                                                                                                       w
                                                                                                                                                                   12
       0.


                                                                                                                                                                   10



      0,


                                                                                                                                                                   6



                                                                                                                                                                   4
        27

                                                                                                                                                                   2



                                                                                                                                                               7 0
           12,00 hr                           12.00 hr                           12.00 hr                            12.00 hr                  12.00 hr
           3/13/88                           3/14/88                             3/15/88                            3/16/88                    3/18/88
                                                                                    Date                       Source:     Dierber'g et. al    1990
 loin                                                                                                      M       M         M-M                       M        M








                                           -2
                                           -3
                                           -4
                          1 /20            -5                                            Figure       11       Concentrations vs. Time During Select Storm Events

                                           -7
                                           -8






                                                                                                                                                                                                                 38


                                                                                                                                                                                                                 36
                            1.8 -
                                                                                                                                                                                                            - 34
                            1.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                            - 32

                            1.6 -
                                                                                                                                                                                                            - 30


                                                                                                                                                                                                                 28
                                           January 22- February 15, 1989                   TC 9                                                                                                                  26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 24

                         z                                                                                                                                                             NOX                       22
                                                                                                                                                                                --C- N113
                                                                                                                                                                                  0 S ON                         20
                                                                                                                                                                                -0- PON
                                                                                                                                                                               - Discharge                       18
                            0.91
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 16
                         LO
                            0.7                                                                                                                                                                                  14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 IQ

                            0.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 10
                            0.5                                                                                                                                                                                  8
                            0.4


                            0.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 4

                            0.2


                            0.11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0
                            0.0  0-00          12,00         12@00          12-00          2.00          12.00   'i2.00         12.00          12.60   '.0,
                            7





















                                               1/23          1/24          1/25           11/26          1/27     1/29          1/30          1/31    2/2      2/5        2/9                          2/15
                                                                                                                   02te



                                                                                                                                                              Source: Dierberg et al 19-90









                    Runoff from significant storms in the watershed occurs typically as "events" of
                    high discharge with durations ranging from a few days to a few weeks. The
                    watershed is partially developed, consisting mostly of planned residential units.
                    Sediment discharge from the developing areas has been identified as being
                    relatively high and should be considered with regard to streamflow gaging station
                    location.

                    Based on observations by hydraulic engineers (Pennell, 1990; Adkins, 1990) and
                    experience with similar systems, tailwater influences or even reverse flow may
                    occur at points within the canal system during some severe storm event condi-
                    tions. However, the likelihood of these conditions is considered to be small and
                    the impact on this project would, therefore, also be expected to be minor.
                    Previous water quality monitoring and stream flow gaging activities in the
                    watershed by Florida Institute of Technology and the USGS have not indicated
                    problems with these conditions. It is recognized for the purposes of this plan,
                    however, that these conditions could exist if severe storm events occur. The
                    impact would be poor discharge rate estimates during the high flow period.

                    The potential impacts of the tailwater influences are reduced by the relatively
                    frequent observations and inspections that will be available during this monitoring
                    time period if implemented as described below. WCDSB personnel should be
                    available to inspect the gaging stations during high flow periods and collect timely
                    discharge measurements, if necessary.

                    Streamflow Gaging Plan

                    The WCDSB should establish five new streamflow gaging stations within the
                    watershed at locations on the four main lateral canals (Stations WCD2-WCDS)
                    and at the outlet of C-82 (Station WCD1). These stations should be relatively
                    accessible for frequent inspection. Each station should be equipped with a staff
                    gage and a recording water level instrument. The stations will be referenced to a
                    known datum at the time of installation and rechecked over time for verification.
                    The instrumentation should include a single-channel data logger and pressure
                    probe arrangement to continuously record water levels as shown in Figure 12.

                    The water quality monitoring Contractor should be available for installation and
                    be able to train WCDSB personnel in use of electronic streamflow gaging
                    equipment. They should also be available to accompany WCDSB personnel to
                    make discharge measurements during the first three gaging efforts. Subsequently,
                    WCDSB personnel can then make regular flow measurements every two weeks
                    and during periods of high flow to establish discharge rating curves for each site.
                    Efforts should be made to obtain flow measurements during any large storm
                    events such that the rating curve contains points throughout the range of recorded
                    water levels. Because of changing land uses and alterations to the canals,
                    discharge rating information may need to be updated periodically.





                    801/B                                   -6-






              FRMC 11/0 rr*                                                                                                                          M231faw lake level recorder











                                 NOT TO SCALE












                                                                          SINGLE CHANNEL DATA LOGGER


                                                                          PROTECTIVE COVER


                   P.C. DOWNLOAD




                                                                          PROBE WIRE
                   4X4
                   PRESSURE
                   TREATED
                   POLE                                                                                                                          CANAL SURFACE






                                                                          .,Ulf BOLTS



                                                                                                                                5-10 FT







                                                                          PERFORATED
                                                                          2" PVC PIPE






                                                                          PRESSURE PROBE
                   PVC END CAP                                                                                                                  -CANAL BOTTOM



                                                                                                                                           Z z

                   Figure 12
                   TYPICAL WATER LEVEL RECORDER                                                                     ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
                                                                                                                                   I









                   SOURCE: ESE, 1990.                                                                                    & ENGINEERING, INC.








                    Standard USGS gaging techniques should be used to assure reliable flow data,
                    including use of field data forms. The gaging information should be transmitted
                    promptly to the Contractor for reduction by qualified hydraulic engineers. The
                    accuracy and general quality of the rating information should be evaluated
                    frequently throughout the monitoring period.

                    Discharge information at the MS-1 structure is anticipated to be available from
                    existing discharge gaging activities that should continue throughout the monitoring
                    period. SJRWMD is currently completing development of a new discharge rating
                    curve for the structure that will be available for estimating continuous discharge
                    hydrographs at that location (Adkins, 1990). There is a potential problem with
                    very high flow rates, however, because of the nature of the MS-1 Amil-type gates
                    that begin to discharge only for high flows (water levels approximately 4 ft above
                    normal). Amil gates operate automatically to maintain a constant upstream water
                    level, making normal discharge rating techniques unusable. This problem will be
                    addressed by detailed hydraulic evaluation or by making discharge measurements
                    as necessary during high flows.

                    The exact location for installation of the water level measuring equipment and
                    strearnflow gaging should consider hydraulic principles, including potential
                    sedimentation impacts. Gaging locations should not be placed near (no closer
                    than approximately 100 ft) a junction of canals or sharp bends where sediment
                    deposition, scouring, or channel adjustments would be anticipated during high
                    flows.



                    111. ANALYSIS AND DATA REDUCTION

                    Sample Analysis

                    The samples which are collected as part of the monitoring program will be
                    analyzed for the parameters in Table 1. The selection of sampling parameters
                    were based in part on previous investigations by Dierberg (1990), Trefry et al
                    (1989) and Joel Steward (SJRVVMD, personal communications, November 1990).
                    Field sampling should be conducted by trained technicians and should conform to
                    procedures contained in the Contractor's Quality Assurance/Qual   'ity Control
                    (QA/QC) plan. The field team should also obtain measurements of temperature,
                    conductivity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH and depth. Field data sheets should
                    be completed at each sampling location (Figure 13). Because of the short
                    holding time for fecal coliform, this analysis will have to be conducted at a
                    laboratory in the Melbourne area. This aspect of the sampling should be
                    arranged prior to the initiation of sampling.









                    801/B                                  -7-









                               Table 1. LIST OF PARAMETERS AND METHODS



                     Grab Sample Parameters                       Method

                     Phosphorus, Total, Diss.                  EPA 365.1
                     Nitrogen, TKN, Diss.                      EPA 351.2
                     Carbon, TOC                               EPA 9060
                     Nitrogen, N02+NO3, Total, Diss.           EPA 353.2
                     Nitrogen, NH3 + NH4                       EPA 350.1
                     Phosphorus, Ortho, Diss.                  EPA 365.1
                     Chlorine, Total Residual                  EPA 330.1
                     Sulfate                                   EPA 375.4
                     Alkalinity Total                          EPA 310.1
                     Residue, Diss., Total                     EPA 160.1
                     Residue, Susp.                            EPA 160.2
                     Aluminum, Total                           EPA 6010
                     Calcium, Total                            EPA 6010
                     Chromium, Total                           EPA 6010
                     Copper, Total                             EPA 6010
                     Iron, Total                               EPA 6010
                     Lead, Total                               EPA 239.2
                     Magnesium, Total                          EPA 6010
                     Manganese, Total                          EPA 6010
                     Potassium, Total                          EPA 6010
                     Sodium, Total                             EPA 6010
                     Oil and Grease, IR                        EPA 413.2
                     Coliforms, Total                          EPA 908.A
                     Coliforms, Fecal                          EPA 908.C


                     StonTnvater Sample Parameters

                     Nitrogen, N02+NO3, Total, Diss.           EPA 353.2
                     Nitrogen, TKN, Diss.                      EPA 351.2
                     Phosphorus, Total, Diss.                  EPA 365.1
                     Residue, Susp.                            EPA 160.2







                   Figure 13 - Field Data Sheet
                        PROJECT NAME:            PROJECT WORMATK)N

                        CLIENT:                               - PROJECT NO:
                        LOCATION:
                                              GENERAL SITE OBSERVATKM
                        STATION NO:                              DATE:

                        WATER BODY TYPE:

                        SUBSTRATE:                               VEGETATION:

                        LIGHT CONDITIONS:                        PHOTOGRAPH NO:

                                                    NEMOWXOGICAL

                        WIND SPD (mph, kts, m1s):                    WIND DIR (OT, OM):
                        DRY TEMP (OC, OF):                       WET TEMP (OC, OF):
                        CLOUD COVER @/., oktas):                 RAINFALL JY?, W., MM, Crn, in):
                        PRESS (=@ Torr, in):                     WEATHER:


                                                     WATER QUALITY

                            TIME &/OR        DEPTH         COND          TEMP          pH          DO
                            LOCATION          (m, ft)    (wfts/cm)      (OC, OF)       (su)      (mg/L)



















                        SECCHI (cm, m, ft):                   SAMPLE NO:

                        SAMPLE FRACTIONS:



                                                                                Source:   ESE, 1990










                    Data Reduction

                    Total loadings estimates at each of the streamflow gaging locations will be
                    calculated by the integration of a discharge-concentration relationship and the
                    continuous discharge record. To accomplish this task will require the develop-
                    ment of a discharge-concentration relationship for each parameter at each
                    monitoring location.

                    The Contractor should evaluate and analyze the concentration and the discharge
                    data collected not only during this monitoring program, but from previous
                    monitoring efforts in this watershed as well. Quality assurance considerations
                    should be given to the historical data, including careful review to assure data
                    consistency of that data with the data collected from this sampling effort. The
                    discharge-concentration relationships will be analyzed statistically, considering
                    typical types of relationships. FDER (1990) determined from data collected in
                    the watershed that the best model is provided by log-log relationships. For this
                    relationship, a statistical determination of the constants a and b in the equation
                    Concentration = aQ bwill be determined from the data and be used to calculate
                    flux per unit area for nutrient and/or metal loadings. The Contractor should
                    realize, however, that this method is not the only one used to calculate loadings.
                    Nutrient and sediment loadings calculated from analysis in this sampling program
                    should be compared to findings of research currently underway at FIT which will
                    determine estimates of mass loadings by sub-basin and the role of Best
                    Management Practices (BMPs) in reducing these loadings.


                    IV. WATER QUALITY MONITORING COSTS

                    The cost figures included on the next page are conservative estimates only,
                    produced by Environmental Science and Engineering (ESE) given their in-house
                    lab costs and labor costs. The estimated costs are divided into first year and
                    subsequent annual estimates due.to the high initial costs associated with purchase
                    of the equipment and installation. The cost of the annual water quality sampling
                    after the first year may be reduced if the same Contractor installs the initial
                    stream gaging and water quality sampling equipment.

















                    801/13                                 -9-











                ESTIMATED COSTS



                First Year         Installation and Purchase of Stream
                                   Gaging Equipment and Preparation of
                                   Discharge Rating Curves                    $30,000

                                   Water Quality Sampling & Anaylsis
                                   and Flow Data Analysis (First Year
                                   includes purchase and installation
                                   of sampling and gaging equipment)          103,000


                Second Year &      Annual Water Quality Sampling and
                                   Analyses, and Flow Data Analyses
                                   (after first year)                        *$56,000





                  This price effective only if metals not found in first year sampling.





























                801/B                             10-











             BEBLIOGRAPHY





             Adkins, Mark. Personal communications. St. Johns River Water Management
                   District, Palatka, Florida. December, 1990.


             Dierberg, Forrest E. NoUoint Source Loadings of Nutrients and Dissolved
                   Organic Carbon from an Agdcultural-Suburban Watershed in East Central
                   Florida. Department of Chemical and Envirom-nental Engineering, Florida
                   Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida. Draft Report prepared September,
                   1990.



             Florida Department of Envirom-nental Regulation. Summau of Nutrient
                   Concentrations and Fluxes in the T             atershed. Draft Report
                                                    ffke,y Creek W
                   prepared November 8, 1990.


             Pennell, A. B. Personal communications. WCDSB Engineer, Singhofen &
                   Associates, Inc., Orlando, Florida. December, 1990.


             Steward, Joel and Higman, John. A PreliminaI3@ Assessment of 1. The Effects on
                   Salinity of the Indian River Lagoon from WCDSB Canal 1 Discharges and 11.
                   The Possible Water Quality Impacts to the -Upper St. Johns River from Westward
                   Diversion of WCDSB Canal 1 Discharges St. Johns River Water Management
                   District, SWIM Project IR-1-105-D. December, 1989.


             Steward, Joel. Personal communications, St. Johns River Water Management
                   District, Palatka, Florida. November, 1990.


             Trefry, John H., and Robert P. Trocine, Simone Metz, Nenad Iricanin, and
                   Naichi Chen. Final Report to the St. Johns River Water Management District -
                   Particulate Nutrient and Metal Investigations in the Turkey Creek Watershed.
                   Department of Oceanography & Ocean Engineering, Florida Institute of
                   Technology, Melbourne, Florida. June, 1989.










             ""C







                      DOCUMENTATION                                                                                            
                      PAGE

                  Title and Subtitle                                                                                                 Date
             TURKEY CREEK WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM: WATER QUALITY                                                                December 1990
                                      MONITORING PLAN FOR WCDSB                                                                

          7-             Paula K. Sheldon and Carl Salafrio                                                                    
                         Environmental Science & Engineering. Inc.                                                                 CM        252
                    Performing Organization Name and  Address                                                                         14L Prosect/Took/wowk tkft-

             Water Control District of South Brevard
             P.O. Box 060398                                                                                                   11. Contract (C) or Grant (G)  No.
             Palm Bay, Florida 32906-0398                                                                                      (c) NA89AA-D-CZ 228

                                                                                                                               (a)


          12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address                                                                       M Type of Room & Period Covered
          U.S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA                                          Dept. of Env. Mgmt.
          OCRM                                                                 Coastal Management                                  Final
          1825      Connecticut A., N.W.                                       2600 Blair Stone Rd.                            
          Washington D.C. 20235                                                Tallahassee, FL 32399






          16. Abstract (limit 200 words)


             The Water Control District of South Brevard (WCDSB) maintains a large canal network
             which drains over 99 square miles in South Brevard County between the lower St. Johns
             River and the Indian River Lagoon. Surface drainage from this area is routed through
             a large canal system discharging brough the MS-1 structure to Turkey Creek which
             then flows onto the Indian River Lagoon. Currently, there are proposed plans to
             divert some of this drainage to the historical western flow towards the lower
             St. Johns River. To prepare for future water quality monitoring of the                                                   their canal
             system, the WCDSB developed this water quality monitoring plan for future
             implementation when funds permit. This plan includes discussion of sampling sites,
             flow gaging, parameters to be sampled, proposed analytical methods and estimated
             costs of implementation.











          17. Document Analysis a. Decriptors









             b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
               Coastal zone management/ Turkey Creek, Florida/Indian River Lagoon/Water Quality
               Monitoring/St. Johns River, Florida




             c- COSATI Field/Group
                             

	18. Availability Statement:													19. Security Class (this report)		21. No. of Pages
																			Unclassified


																		20. Security Class (this paper)		22. Price



(see ansi-z39.18)										See instructions on Reverse					Optional FORM 272 (--77)
																					(Formerly Nt15-35)









                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                








                                                                                                                                        NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CIR LIBRARY


                                                                                                                                        3 6668 141114530-