[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]





                                 Committing
                            To Our Future

                                             Volume 1

                 A Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                          for the -Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed,-






                                                                              Amok
                   A,








                                       











                          . Peace River & Watershed  Myakka River & Watershed
                           Coastal Venice/Lemon Bay/Gasparilla Sound/Cape Haze
                         Charlotte Harbor Proper . Pine lsland Sound/Matlacha Pass
                      Estero Bay & Watershed . Tidal Caloosahatchee River & Watershed


                                            November 1999



                                                 OTTE




                                                 Estuary
 








                                                                               
                                                                     Charlotte Harbor National Program                                                        
                                                             Draft comprehensive conservation and Management Plan


                       Comments, please!

                       Thank you for reviewing this Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management
                       Plan. The Charlotte      Harbor National     Estuary  Program    would   appreciate your
                       written comments, as     we continue to evaluate   harbor and   watershed restoration
                       strategies for the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed-. To reply simply remove. this,
                      page and fax or mail to:

                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                       4980 Bayline Drive, 4th Floor
                       N. Fort Myers, FL 33917-3909

                       e-mail:-         [email protected]
                       Fax:             (941) 656-7724
                       Telephone;       (941) 995-1777


                       Your name:
                       Address:
                       with zip code)
                       Phone:




                       General Comments:
 









                                                        
                      Charlotte Harbor Nationa eutuary Program
			    Draft Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan




                      Specific   comments on       text or, action   plans, may be     noted    in the
                      margins of this document.

                      Specific questions: 

                      Do you agree with the goals for harbor and watershed restoration presented in the
                      Introduction" chapter? What goals would you change or add?,








                      Which specific actions do you consider the highest priority?(Indicate your top five
                      choices using the assigned codes.)








                      What specific changes or, additions -would you recommend to accomplish harbor
                      and watershed restoration goals?                  








                      I-low can we improve the format, readability,'.and design of this plan?






                                                                                          hankyou!
 





                                             Committing
                                            To Our Future

                                                              Volume I

                          A Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                       for the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed

                         The draft action plans and text in this document are provided for review by the Greater
                         Charlotte Harbor Watershed community. Committing To Our Future was produced by the
                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program, and recommendations by reviewers Will be
                         considered for incorporation into the final plan, to be published and available to citizens
                         in the surmmer 2000. We welcome your comments and inquiries and encourage your use
                         of the section titled "Comments, please" that appears at the beginning of the book.


                                                              November    1999


                                                              Program Staff!

                                                      Tiffany Lutterman, Director.
                                      David Moldal Environmental Planner/Administrator 
                                            Melissa   Upton Public Involvement Specialist
                                                   Jock Robertson., -Technical Writer
                                              Patti Armbruster, Administrative Assistant


                                                                   Map s by
                                               Debra Childs, Post" Buckley, SchuA    &Jernigan
                                                                     and
                                         Tim Walker, Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council
                                          Project descriptions compiled by Wright Consultants, Inc.
                                                        Cover artwork by Diane Pierce
                                                      Inside artwork by Victor McGuire

                      This document is funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4
                       through 'a cooperative agreement with the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.

                                                         Printed on Recycled Paper



                                                   property of CSC Library
 





                                                                                            C06arfozle Aarsar. Malionaf
                                                                             2)pall Gompm,@e@mive Conjetrodlion'and'Xanayemenl 5EKtv


                                TAkt                  oP        CONTENTS


                                PREFACE         ...................................................................................................  Vil
                                INTRODUCTiON             ................................................   ........................................ I
                                      SPECIAL PLACES AND SPECIAL PEOPLE                 .....................                                        2
                                                                                                                ..................................
                                      NATURE'OF THE PROBLEM             ............ -e  ................  ......................................    6
                                      PROGRAM GOALS         ......................................................................................   7
                                      COAST INTO THE FUTURE             ..........................................................................   .8
                                MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE MEMBERS                                        .............................................   9
                                      CONSENSUS FOR ACTION              ..... ........................ ......!................................  0... -9
                                                                             ...................................................                     -10
                                      POLICY COMMITTEE          .........                                                          .............
                                      MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE              .......................................................................      11
                                      CITIZENS' ADVISORY _COMMITTEE.@             .............................................    ...............   13
                                      TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE                 ............................................................      14
                                STATE OF          THE WATERSHED                 .................................................I ................. 17
                                      NATURAL GEOGRAPHY LINKS INLAND AREAS WITH THE COAST                                ..........................  17
                                           Challenges to Resource Management                      .............................................      @20
                                      THE REGIONAL ECONOMY              ............................                                                 21
                                                                                                     ............
                                                                                                                               .................
                                           Estimating the Value of Natural Resources                     ..............   ........................   22-
                                           The Economic Value of the Greater CharlottE' Harbor Watershed                                ...........  23
                                      FRESHWATER CREEKS AND RIVERS                 ...........................I .................................... 25
                                           The Myakka River           ............................................                                   25
                                                                                                                     ............................
                                           The Peace River          .............................................................................    27
                                           The Caloosahatchee River              ............................................................. .     28
                                      COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS              ....................................................................         29
                                           Coastal Venice and Lemon Bay                   ..........  ..............................  ...........    29
                                           Charlotte Harbor, Myakka,'and Peace Estuaries                         ..................................... 3or
                                           Pine'Island Sound and Matlacha Pass                    ....................: .........................    32,
                                           Estero _Bay and Watershed              ............... ........................     ..................    .32






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                                    0--fi GO_P_4-.qjive Conjervalion,and'Manayemeni                              Al"




                                          ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE WATERSHED                          .......................................       ..........   34
                                               Phosphate Mining is"a Unique Regional Activity.,                                  ...............................   34
                                                                                                                                                         ......    35
                                               Agricu tuTe         ...........   :............................................................
                                               CovV/Calf Ranching.                                 ..........................  ........ I............ __1  ......... 36
                                                                          Spo                                                                   ..................
                                               Commercial ar@d                   rt Fisheries    .........................................                         37
                                               Shellfish Harvesqng               ...............................................................................   38
                                               Residential Land Uses              .......................................................     I......... I ........ 39
                                               Tourism       .....................   ................    .....................................................     40,
                                          LAND USE AND.ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT                                  .........   :..................................   41
                                                                                    USE DECISIO
                                          WHO MAKES THESE LAND                                          NS?      ........................................   ....   43
                                          WATER. QUALITY BACKGROUND                    ......... ...................................      ....................     45
                                               Nutrients       ..........................................        I......................  ......................... 145
                                                             Sewage treatm@nt plantslRomestic point sources                              .....................     45
                                                             Industrial sources          ...............................     I.................................    45.
                                                             Atmospheric deposition               ...........I   ..........................  ...................   45'
                                                         .,Non-point sources            ... :........ i@ ...............................   I ...................   46
                                                             Septic,tank systems          ......  ..........     ?............;...............................     46
                                                             Groundwater         .............................................   ..............    ........ 4.... 46
                                               Bacteria      .........  ........ .                                                                                 47
                                                                                 .................................................             .................
                                               Dissolved Oxy                                                                                                       47
                                                                     'gen   .......   ........................    ...............   I .......................
                                               Toxics    ....................................................................................          : ........  48
                                          HYDROLOGIC ALTERATIONS, BACKGROUND                          .....................................................        49
                                                                                                      ................. ...........                              -49
                                               Chang@s in Total Flows                ..............                                  .........................
                                                             Reduced Groundwate@ Levels                    .....................  .............     ...........    49
                                                             Dams,    Locks,. and Weirs           ...............               '**-***----@      ...............  49
                                                             Chanfielization and Canals                 ...................    ..........    .................     49
                                               Altered Timing of Water Flows                     .................   ......  I......I ...........................  50
                                               Altered Location of Water Flows                      ..................................................     .....   51-
                                          FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITAT loss BACKGROUND..                                                                         ...  52
                                                                                                                   ....................       .............
                                               Half of Original Wetlands Converted to Human Uses                                   ...........................     52
                                               Mangroves Maintain Vital Fish and Wildlife Habitat                                  ..........................      53
                                                                                            Vital Roles          ......
                                               Seagrass Beds Also Perform                                            ..........................      ......   ...  53
                                               Little@of Coastal-Stfand Habitat Remains                          ......................   L ..................     53
                                               -Urban and-Agricultural Uses Replacing Pine Ftatwoods                                    .........................  54
                                               Oak Scrub and Scrubby Flatwoods Depleted                               ........................................     54
                                               Many Exotic Plants Invade and Destroy Habitat                                 .............................         55
                                          WHY THE BIG CONCERN OVER FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITAT Loss?                                       ........   ............. .56






                                                                                                                   X.Ii...f &Iuary
                                                                             !Z)ra
                                                                                                        Conjervalion and-Wavayemeni _'Pfan





                                                                                                              ........ ...........                 57
                                WATERSHED              MANAGEMENT ... .........              * ...............                     ............
                                     THE REGIOWS ORGANIZATIONA                                  ..........   I.....................
                                                                             .'L NETWORI(4,..                                     ...............  58'
                                           Local Governments           ........................................................................    59
                                           Regional Organizations            ............................... I.................................    60
                                           State Government           ....................................... ..................................   61'
                                           Federal Government           ..................... I ...............................................    62
                                           PriVate Organizations          .........................................................  @%.i  ......  63
                                    .MANAGEMENT CONNECTIONS .'ANDGAPS                    ......................................................    64
                                     LAYERS OF M@NAGEMENT CREATE PROBLEMS'& OPPORTUNITIES.,                             ................. ; .....  66
                                           Our Region's, Hydrologic Management Connections                            ..........................   66
                                                     Author@ty to Coordinate Land and Water Decisions                          ...................  @66
                                                     General Resource Assessment, Protection, and Use                         .............  ....  66
                                                     Use Permitting, Planning, and Public Benefit Test                       ..................... 66
                                                     A "Post=Pre " Public Policy              ...... ! .........................................   66
                                                     Evaluation and Prediction Models                   .... ........  .............................. 67-
                                                     Restoration and Mitigation              .....................................................-67
                                           Our Region's Hydrologic Management Gaps                           ..................................... 67
                                                     1?eactive Water Manak
                                                                                    gement      ..............................................     67
                                                     Fresh and Salt Water Management                    .......................................    67
                                                     Inadequate Measurable 0b)ectives                   ...............................            67
                                                     Inadequate Monitoring             .........................................................   68
                                                     Inadequate Enforcement and Penalties                    ..................................    68
                                           Our Region's Management Connections in Water Quality                               ...................  68
                                                     Authority to Prevent or Eliminate Pollution                    ............................   68
                                                     Sampling Data and Predictive Models                     ............  ....................... 68
                                                     Water Use Permitting            .......  ..................................................   68
                                                     Best Managem nt Practi                                                         ..... .....    68
                                                                           e            ices ....................................
                                           Our Region's -Management Gaps in Water Quality                        ............... I ................ 69
                                                     What is the "Best" Level- o
                                                                                           fNutrients?       ....................................  69
                                                     Competing Funding Demands                   ............................................... . 69
                                                     Voluntary Prevention vs. Mandatory Correction                        ......( ................. 69
                                                     Lack of Intergovernmental, Support of Common Goals                           .....            69
                                           Our Region's Management Connections in Habitat                           ......................... :... 69
                                                     Basic Research and'Understanding ... *                  ..................................... 69
                                                     Land Aquisition, Restoration, and Other Mitigaii-bn                        ................... 69
                                                    -Jeopardy     ...........................................  ..................................  70






                                     GSarfolie AarCor Xalmnaf (%iuary -T-31r-
                                     2)ffiGop,.Seni,,eGner-oalion-andXana eni-936'                                                                                                  N
                                                                                                     qe-m




                                                Our Region's          Management 6aps in                  Habitat      ...............................      .......   70
                                                            Gap,      in Habitat, Issues          ............................................       .............    10
                                                            Separation of Plants frc@m Animals                       ....................   @!  ..........S........   70
                                                            Habitat. Preservation in "Penny- Packets                          .......  ............................   70
                                                            Conflicting Public Pol!`cy'for
                                                            Baseline Species Habitat Protection..,                        ....................................        70
                                                MANAGEMENT CONNECTIONS POINT- THE WAY To F][XIN@G GAPS                                    ...6 ..................     71,
                                                ExPENDITUR@S FOR MANAGEMENT                       .......................  ? .................................        72-
                                                                                                                                                                      .72
                                                            Land      Use   ..............................................................        ..............
                                                            Water        Quality    .......................................................................           72
                                                            Hydrology        .................  .......................   i............  ; .................. I.....  72
                                                            Habitat     ...................     ..............................................................        72
                                                            Research       .................................................................             ..........   72
                                                            Grants     ..............................................................                       ........  72
                                                                                    ATE.
                                     EARLYACTIONS' kOR* W . RSHED                                        CONSERVATION                  .........................      75
                                          HABITAT         RESTORATION        .....................     .........        .....................................         76
                                          ENVIRONMENTAL- EDUCATION                  ..................
                                                                                                         . ...............................................
                                          ECOSYSTEM MONITORING-A.ND RESEARCH                          ......  ..................   ................  ............     86
                                   --QUANTIFIABLE OBJECTIVES                              ......................................              ...................     91
                                          HYDROLOGIC           ALTERATIONS        .......................................................................             92
                                          WATER QUALITY.             DEGRADATION.-. @        .......................................     ; ......................     94,
                                          FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITAT Loss                       ..... I........            .......................    ............     95
                                     PRIORITY ACTIONS ANDRELATED PROJECTS.@..*.:                                                   ............................       97
                                     PUBLIc EDUCATION AND''OUTREACH                                         ............  ............  ....................... .   209

                                          MISSION STATEMENT.. ;             .....................................        .................................          209
                                          PUBLIC EDUCATION',GOALS                 ..................................................       .......   ...........    209
                                          PUBLIC EDUCATION OBJECTIVES                     ......... ....................                           ............     210
                                                                                                                         .....................
                                          TARGET AUDIENCES             .......................................     ......................      .................    2iO'
                                          ONGOING-PUBLic EDUCATION*ANb OUTREACH ACTIViTIES                                    ..................................    211
                                          NEw- OR UPDATED PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH AcTiviTiEs                                        ......................    213











                    IV







                                                                                              Charlotte Harbor National Eutuary Program
                                                                               Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                 GOVERNANCE, IMPLEMENTATION, & FINANCING .... ...................                                                    215'
                                      IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN. FOR THE GREATER CHARLOTTE HARBOR WATERSHED                                      .......  217
                                      INTEGRATING THE PLAN INTO EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL RULES & PROGRAMS                                  ......... 218
                                      FEDERAL CONSISTENCY REVIEW..                  ...........................................................   219
                                      ROLES-OF THE-CHARLOTTE HARBOR NEP IN OVERSEEING IMPLEMENTATioN                                  ........... .  220
                                      COST         FINANCING     ......... ........ ....................................  ......................   224
                                 MONITORING WATERSHED IMPROVEMENTS &
                                 EXCHANGING                INFORMATION.'
                                                                                    ........................................... ...........        227

                                      EXISTING MONITORING PROGRAMS.-..,                 ....................................................         228
                                      BASICS,OF' DEVELOPING A MONITORING PROGRAM                       .................. ................          229
                                      APPROACHES TO MONI'TORING                 ..............................................................       230
                                      SPECIFIC MONITORING EFFORTS                ...............................................................     232
                                      ENHANCED INFORMATION'AND                 EXCHANGE      ................................      ................   234
                                      CHARLOTTE HARBOR INFORMATION RESOURCE                            CENTER    ..............................      236
                                      ONGOING DATA COLLECTION AND INFORMATION SHARING                              ...............................  237
                                 REFERENCES             .............................I..............................................  ............... 239
                                 GLOSSARY-           .....  .......................        .........................  ...................   ......  241
                                 LIST OF ACRONYMS....                     ..................I........  ............................................. 247


                                 VOLUME 2:                PRELIMINARY IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
                                             INTRODUCTION     .........................   .......................................................... 1
                                             REGIONWIDE      ........................................................................................    3

                                                                                                                                                       29
                                             CALOOSAHATCHEE RIVER AND ESTERO BAY WATERSHEDS                             ...........................
                                             Lower Peace  AND MYAKKA RIVER WATERSHEDS                   ....................................    137
                                           -UPPER PEACE AND MYAKKA RIVER WATERSHEDS                          ......................................  293















                                                                                                                                                                       
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       vi
                                               Artwork by Victor McGuire.






                                                                  CHarlotte Harbor National Eutuary Program
                                                       Draft comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                              
                                                     


                                                                                                                     
                       PREFACE
                       
				This  document, the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Planfor
                              the Greater Charlotte Harbor-Watershed, is the product? of years of work by
                               many talented and dedicated people-. The members of the Citizens', Techni-
                       cal, Management, and Policy Committees donated their expertise and their spirit to
                       this effort. This plan could not have been, accomplished without them'. With their
                       confidence and commitment, we will make a difference in the future of this region.
                       The commitment of so many local people to the long-term future of this watershed
                       is both impressive and inspiring.

                       Many people and organizations have supported this effort from its infancy. We owe
                       a debt of gratitude to Wayne Daltry and Dr. Ernest Estevez for shepherding the
                       effort, along with 'many others, to nominate Charlotte Harbor as, a National Estuary
                       Program. We thank the late Governor Lawton 'Chiles and current Governor Jeb
                       Bush for their leadership and unflagging support for our efforts.

                       Many people deserve credit for taking us down such- a long path so quickly and with
                       so few- resources. Despite our region's size and diversity, we have completed this
                       draft plan in three years time and under budget. It is only with the many local
                       governments, basin boards, agencies, and organizations, who contributed their tech-
                       nical and financial support, that we have completed our mission. The participation
                       of both inland'and coastal organizations has been extraordinary and this plAn re-
                       flects their involvement.


                       Through the volunteer efforts of our committee members and focal citizens we have
                       stretched our funding to-accomplish all of our aims. Our past and present commit-.,
                       tee chairs provide a 'special measure of leadership and insight to the process.  Our
                       appreciation goes to Citizens' Advisory Committee Chair Molly Krival and Vice,
                       Chair Robert Croft; Technical  Advisory Committee Co-Chairs James Sampson and
                       Michael Perry and Past Chair Thomas Fraser     and Past Vice Chair, Judy Ott; Man-'
                       agernent Committee Chair Wesley "Bo" Crum and Vice Chair David Burr; and Policy
                       Committee Chair Thomas Welborn as well as Past Chairs Margaret Highsmith, Pe-
                       -ter Ware, and Stallings Howell'.








                                                                                                                    Vii
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                       Charlotte Harbor National Eutuary Program
                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
           lot,
                       I would also like to express special thanks to the program staff including Melissa
                       Upton, Patti Armbruster, David Moldal, -and Jock Robertson for their dedication and
                       professionalism that kept -us on track. To the many- dedicated staff of the-Environ-
                       mental Protection Agency-Region 4, who set us on the path to success, we thank
                       you. - Particularly, J. Hudson, Slay, Robert Howard, and John H. Hankinson, who
                       provided extra moral , technical, and inancial support along the way.

                       This plan is not only a-starting point, it is also a time to take stock in what we have
                       accomplished.   To everyone who contributed their time and energy, your_ efforts are
                       realized in this plan. And to the residents and visitors of the Greater Charlotte Har
                       bor Watershed who are learning about our issues for the first time, we hope you will-
                       join us in our  efforts to protect the health of this.special   region.  Here  is -our
                       committment to the future....


                                                                             Tiffany Lutterman, Director
                                                            Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                             






































                 viii
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                                                                    Charlotte Harbor National estuary Program
                                                                 Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                        INTRODUCTION

                                       "Future generations will enjoy and appreciate the land and
                                       sea connection of the Charlotte Harbor watershed .. that
                                       marvelous array of connected habitats of pine flatwoods,
                                       scrub, hardwood hammocks, fresh and saltwater marshes,
                                       mangrove forest, barrier island beaches, and estuaries,
                                       where fresh water from rivers and  streams plays with the
                                       salty ocean tides.." Carla Kappmeyer, CAC member



                                                                      The Greate  Charlotte Harbor Watershed
                                                                      is a special place. Three large rivers, the
                                                                      Myakka,    Peace, and Caloosahatchee,
                                                                      flow, -westward to- the Gulf of Mexico.
                                                                      These rivers start as lakes, creeks, and
                                                                      groundwater that combine and meander
                                                                      until they become substantial rivers. The                                                                     
                                                                      rivers flow through cities and towns,,
                                                                      cattle pastures and citrus groves, pine
                                                                      flatwoods and cypress 'swamps. When
                                                                     these rivers meet-the   salty water of the                                    
                                                                      Gulf of Mexico, they form estuaries
                                                                      which are one of the most productive
                                                                      natural systems on earth. Coastal bays
                                                                      such as Lemon Bay and Estero Bay are
                                                                      influenced by smaller streams and are
                                                                      spectacular havens for fish and wildIfe.

                                                                      As more people discover the beauty of
                                              Art-work by-Shelly castle this region and the demands-for land and
                                                                      water intensify, the special qualities of
                        the region are threatened. The human needs for land', water, food and fertilizer can
                        'take precedence over the quality of water and wildlife habitat. Urban communities
                        struggle to balance housing,    transportation, and commercial growth-while main-
                        taining the quality of life. that drew people. and businesses-to their communities in
                        the first place.' Rural communities are challenged by changing markets for their
                        products while managing the pressures of regulation, international competition, and
                        the encroachment' of suburbs from nearby urban areas.

                           Action is needed to balance the demands on urban
                           and rural communities and their natural resources;
 







                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
     				Draft Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan

             

                        Action is needed to balance important natural characteristics and human needs. With-
                        out careful management and protection, the basic nature of the region could-be spoiled,
                        Fortunately, We know the pitfalls of ov erstressing our natural and municipal com-
                        munities. We can measure the connections between the quality of the environment
                        and the health of the local economy. We know the real costs of fixing problems are
                        much greater than preventing difficulties from occurring.

                        This Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP) -details the ac-
                        tions needed to protect and improve our watersfied as -we try to balance human needs
                        with the natural systems. Our plan is. ambitious in scope and timeframe. Forthe
                        goals to be realized, our region's citizens, governments, and industry will need, to
                        work together. _The plan's objectives are specific so we can measure our progress.
                        The timelines are short to encourage immediate attention and action. Many of the
                        actions Will require multiple groups and agencies to Work together, combine re-
                        Sources, and  overcome institutional boundaries. All of these challenges are Sur-
                        -mountable because we are unified in our mission --.to keep the Greater Charlotte
                        Harbor Watershed a special place for ourselves and our children's children.

                        SPECIAL PLACES AND           SPECIAL PEOPLE


                        This management plan was written' by literally hundreds of people. Citizen volun-
                        teers, scientists and engineers, resource managers,   and elected officials,have con-
                        tributed countless hours, essential knowledge, and informed opinions, Over a three-
                        year period, the plan was Written in locations throughout the watershed like Bartow
                        and Boca Grande, Venice and Myakka City, Haines City -and Sanibel, Punta Gorda -
                        and Wauchula.


                        The scale of participation with this management plan reflects the size of the study
                        area. Although Charlotte Harbor itself only covers 270 square miles,      the  Greater
                        Charlotte Harbor Watershed extends over an area of 4,400 square miles.  At its northern
                        end, the Peace River basin begins in Polk County near Lakeland and travels over
                        100 miles to the harbor. The Myakka River basin starts in eastern Manatee County,
                        until it winds and meanders to meet the northeastern side of Charlotte Harbor. Along
                        the coast, Charlotte Harbor affects the watersheds of Venice and Lemon Bay. To the
                        south, Pine Island Sound and Matlacha Pass connect Charlotte Harbor to the tidal
                        Caloosahachee and to Estero Bay in Lee County (Map 1).








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				Charlotte Harbor National Program
				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                            
                         Our study area includes all or part of eight counties and many cities and towns. The
                         area's extent also broadens the number of organizations who manage, regulate, and
                         govern its uses and resources.   Two water management districts-Southwest Florida
                         and South Florida Water Management Districts--have jurisdiction over water sup--.
                        ply and flood control'in the study area. Regional and emergency planning are con-
                         ducted by three regional planning councils.' Environmental regulation, park man-
                         agement, enforcement, and aquatic preserve management are performed by two diS7
                         tricts of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.

                         In 1995, Governor Lawton Chiles nominated Charlotte Harbor-as -an "estuary of'
                         national. significance." As a result -of this nomination, Charlotte Harbor was- ac-
                         cepted into -the National Estuary Program, one. of only 27 other watersheds in the
                         United States. The mission of the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program-is to
                         bring together all of the local organizations; both public' and private into a "manage- 
                         ment conference" to write a Comprehensive. Conservation and Management Plan
                         for the watershed. Now that the management plan is completed, the management
                         conference will work together to iMplement that plan,and achieve its goals.


                             Committee Structure of-the Program's Management Conference




                                                                   Policy                      Program
                                                                Committee                       Office





                                                              Management
                                                               Committee



                                         Citizens                                      Technical,
                                        advisory
                                                                                  Advisory.
                                       Committee                                      Committee





             4    
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                                                                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                             



                          The management conference consists of four committees and the program'office.
                          Each of the four committees serves a specific purpose and brings together a diverse
                          representation   of expertise, INterests, and opinions. The four committees of the                                               mmittees of the,
                          management conference are the following: Citizens' Advisory Conmmittee-(CAC),
                          Technical Advisor Committee (TAC), Management Committee, and Policy Com-
                          mittee. -The program office performs the administrative functions of the program
                          and supports the activities of all the committees., The management conference will
                          continue to be active during the implementation of this management plan.

                          Through the participation of hundred's of people, the Charlotte, Harbor National
                          Estuary Program held its kick-off ceremony in September 1996 and began a three-
                          year process of writing a regional management plan. Local problems, were identi- -
                          fied, goals were established information was collected, And special projects were
                          funded. Local governments, basin boards, and public agencies funded programs to
                          -develop monitoring programs, make scientific information more accessible, and
                          encourage local environmental education programs,

                          Hundreds of citizen volunteers continue to, work on "getting the word out" to their
                          communities, take water quality samples, plant seagrasses at restoration sites, and,
                          give presentations to schools and civic or-
                          ganizations., They -tour phosphate mines,
                          travel the rivers visit restoration sites, and
                          voice their. concerns and visons of the
                          future. All of these institutions together'
                          with the many homeowner associations,
                          school districts, not-for-profits, universi-
                          ties, and research facilities affect the 'Con-
                          dition of our environment. Our aware-
                          ness of these problems and our ability to
                          correct them is dependent on the effec-
                          tiveness and the dedication of our com-'.
                          munities and these institutions.


                                                                                                                 Photo by Brett Gilmore,
                          This management plan addresses             the                                    
                          natural resource issues in the entire study         Senator Bob Graham, gives a speech during the kickoff
                          area. Some of our problems are regional           ceremony for the charlotte Harbor national Estuary
                          and Will require breaking. down institu-            Program. Also in this picture from left to right are Tiffany
                           tional barriers to address them. Some           Lutterman, Gary Oden, Ralph Cantral, Dr. Kumar
                          problems-are local,'- specific sites that           Mahadevan, and Congressman Porter Goss.
                          require special attention from-the local community. In every case, we gain from
                          *focusing our efforts where they will be most effective and by sharing solutions'
                          because the entire region benefits from the results.'
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                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                         
			Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                                           NATuRE    OF THE PROBLEM


                       One of the management Conference's early achievements was to identify the region's
                       priority problems, summarized below, vary geographically in ex-
                       tent and severity but they are-'common regional issues:
                                    Hqydrologic Alterations: Adverse, changes to amounts, locations,
                                    and timing of -freshwater flows,     the  hydrologic   function    of
                                    floodplain systems, a natural river flows.


                                    Water Qualitity Degradation: Including but not limited -to po1-
                                    lution from agricultural and urban runoff, point       source dis-
                                    charges, septic tank system loadings, atmospheric deposition,
                                    and groundwater.


                                    'Fish and Wildlife Habitat Loss: Degradation and elimination
                                    'of headwater streams -and other habitats caused by develop-
                                    ment, conversion of natural shorelines, cumulative impacts of
                                    docks and boats, invasion     of exotic  species, and cumulative
                                    and future impacts.


                                    The issues or problems described above can- also be viewed as
                                    symptoms ar consequences of more basic -processes. Land, uses.
                                    and land use management, for examples, affect the time it takes
                                    rainwater to travel to a water body like a river,    nutrient 'con-
                                    centrations and loading rates', and wildlife habitat. Given the
                                    -rate Arid scale of land use decisions in the study area, a con-
                                    tinuing program effort will be 'needed in the general -subject
                                    area -of land use management. Also, we must address the prob-
                                    lem of incomplete information on particular topics. Certain
                                    topics in certain geographic areas may be important but lack
                                    definitive data.





            6
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                                                                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                       This management plan focuses      on these three, regional problems    and the related
                       land use issues.- The management conference also developed         specific objectives,
                       called quantifiable objectives, for each Of the three priority. problems.. The commit-'
                       tees then created action strategies called priority actions to identify the specific'
                       activities needed to achieve the quantifiable objectives. As a first step for' action',
                       projects will be conducted by more than 40 organizations to initiate implementation
                       of this management plan. Those. actions are detailed in Volume-2 of this document.

                       PROGRAm GOALS


                       The. management conference also developed program goals to guide the, manage-
                       ment plan to a specific regional vision. The figure below details the program goals:
                       The related quantifiable objectives for the management plan which address both the
                       program- goals an  d priority problems are presented i n the chapter called "Quantifi-
                       able Objectives." The following goals were created by our committees at the begin-
                       ning of the, Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program. Their-goals institute a
                       long-term vision of the region's resources., All of these goals are achievablewith
                       local commitment and participation in the implementation of this management plan.


                                Goals of the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program

                          1.    Improve the environmental integrity of the Charlotte Harbor study area'.

                          2.    Preserve, restore and enhance seagrass beds, coastal wetlands, barrier
                                beaches, and functionally related uplands.

                          3.    Reduce point and non-point sources of pollution to attain desired-uses of
                                the- estuary.

                          4.  Provide the proper fresh water inflow to the estuary to ensure a balanced-
                                and productive ecosystem.

                          5.    Develop and implement a strategy for public participation and
                                education.

                          6.    Develop and implement a formal Charlotte Harbor management plan
                                with a specified structure and process for achieving goals for the estuary.
                                                               








                                                                                                               7
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                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program       
				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


 COAST INTO THE        FUTURE


                        This management plan is a call for action from our citizens our governments. and
                        our industries. -Everyone who works       and plays in the Greater Charlotte    Harbor
                        Watershed. is called to help in the implementation of this management plan. There is
                        much to be accomplished. Tourism-based industries can work to minimize visitor
                        impact on the natural resources   and teach an, appreciation for our unique environ-
                        ment.


                        Residents* can decrease water use'on their lawns and in their homes -to reduce the
                        stress on ourlimited freshwater resources. Homeowners can also decrease stormwater
                        Pollution by, minimizing use of and properly disposing of chemicals, fertilizers, and
                        household waste. Boaters can act to avoid damaging seagrass. beds, harming mana-
                        tees, and other fragile living resources. Agriculture can decrease its water use and
                        utilize re-use water for irrigation. Local governments can implement effective -growth,
                        management to control the impacts, of septic systems, sewage plant discharges, and
                        habitat destruction.


                        This plan -represents our commitment to
                        the-future. The implementation of this
                        plan will determine our legacy to future
                        generations. We are determined to cre-
                        ate our own -future by working together
                        and acknowledging the     challenges -we
                        face. The dedication and participation
                        of  so many people to create this plan is
                        an important first step. Many of our   
                        choices are not easy, but they have last-
                        ing effects. We hope that you and your,
                        children will help us-keep the    Greater
                        Charlotte Harbor Watershed a     special
                        place to liVe, work, and-visit.





                                                                                        Artwork by Victor McGuire

                                                                           Old church on Boca Grande.
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								Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
							Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                         MANAGEMENT 'CONFERENCE MEMBERS


                                                       
                                             I was impressed by the larege number of individuals
                                             and organizations that have been and are working
                                            to protect the long term health of Charlotte Harbor
                                            and its connected systems.     Jim Sampson, TAC
                                           ''member



                         CONSENsus        FOR ACTION


                               Four committees      comprise    the  management conference of the Charlotte
                                Harbor National      Estuary Program. Each serves a         specialized role but. all
                                support the program goals and activities. Almost 200 people paqrticipate on
                                one or more committees.        They have dedicated thousands of volunteer hours to
                         building consensus for the actions in     this management plan.      The committees and
                         their members are described in the following sections.






                                                                        Photo by Melissa Uptoo
                               Citizens Advisbry Committee members meet at the J.n. "Ding Darling National
                               Wildlife Refuge; Sanibel Island.
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                               Charlotte National Estuary Program
					Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                                                                                      




                               POLICY COMMITTEE


                               The Policy Committee establishes general policy for the- Charlotte Harbor NEP  and.
                               has ultimate authority in program administration.                   The Policy Committee appoints
                               members to other committees. and approves budgets.                     This committee is the bridge
                               between, the management conference and local governments of the region. In fact, all
                               but four    of the 24 members of the. Policy Committee represent city, county, or
                               regional governing bodies in Southwest Florida. The following Policy Committee
                               members reflect the citizenry of the Greater Charlotte                 Harbor Watershed:


                               Ms. Margaret Highsmith, Form     er Co-Chair             Mr. Medard Kopczynski
                               Florida Department of.Environmental                   City of Venice
                               Protection                                            Mr. Joe Kowalski
                                Mr. Tom Welborn; Co-Chair                              City of Arcadia
                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4         Ms. Molly Krival
                               Hon A.C. "Cal" Adams                                   Citizens Advisory Committee Chair
                                                                                      Mr. Douglas Leonard
                               City of Bartow
                               Hon. John Albion                                       Central Florida Regional Planning Council
                               Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council            Hon. Paul Monroe
                                                                               city of Cape Coral
                              Mr. Jim Beever
                               Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation                 Hon. John Mulholland 
                               Commission                                             Town of Fort Myers Beach
                               Hon. Steve Brown                                       Mr. Gary Oden
                               City of Sanibel                                        Hardee County
                               Hon.-Adam Cummings                                    Mr.Donald Ross
                               Charlotte County Commission                            South Florida Water Management District
                               Hon. T. Felton Garner                                  Secretary Steven Seibert
                               DeSoto County Commission                               Florida Department of Community Affairs
                               Hon. Patricia Glass.                                   Mr. Jeff Spence
                               Manatee County Commission                              Polk County
                               Hon. Bill Gorvine                                      Hon Shannon Staub
                               City of Punta Gorda                                    Sarasota County Commission
                               Hon Ray Judah                                         Mr. Robert Tewis
                               Lee county Commission
                               Lee Co my                                              City of Fort Myers
                                                                                      Ms. Trudi Williams
                                                                                      South Florida Water Management District




                                                                                                           A Policy Committee meeting
                                                                                                            being conducted in the City-
                                                                                                           of Venice.


                                                                                      


                  

                                                                             Photo by Melissa Upton




               10
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					Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                              Past Policy Committee Members-


                              Mr. Jim Allen                                          Hon. Nick Timmerman
                                Southwest Florida Water Management District           Hardee county
                              Mr. Joe E. Davis                                       Hon. Jack O'Neil
                                Southwest Florida Management District                 Sarasota County Commission
                              Hon. Joseph Fink                                       Hon. Raymond Pilon'
                                City of North Port                                    Sarasota County 'Commission
                              Mr.. William Hammond
                                                                                     Hon. Bill Richards
                                South Florida Water Management District               City of Punta Gorda.
                              Mr. Stallings Howell                                   Hon. Robert Shedd
                                U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                  City of PuInta Gorda
                                                                                     Hon. Frank "Bubba" Smith
                              Hon. Wallace Kain
                                City of Sanibel                                       City of Bartow
                              Mr. John Kremski                                      Hon. Amy E. Stein
                                City of Fort Myers                                    Manatee County Commission
                              Hon. Dawn MacGibbon                                    Mr. Peter Ware
                                City of Punta Gorda                                   Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                              Secretary James Murley
                                                                                     Mr. Edward Wotizki
                                Florida Department of Community Affairs               Southwest Florida Water Management District
                              
                            MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

                              The- Management Committee serves -as                    a bridge between the Citizens' Advisory
                              Committee and the Technical Advisory Committee, and Policy Committee. The
                              Management Committee also provides strong           institutional support for the Charlotte
                              Harbor NEP by staffing, funding, or otherwise facilitating projects.. This committee.,
                              reviews work plans, contracts and proposals, work schedules and products. It also
                              ensures that program milestones and objectives are accoMplished Each member of
                              the Policy Committe has one or more appointed representatives on                                           the
                              Management Committee. These currently include:














                                                                                                    Photo by Melissa -Upton
                                              A Management Committee meeting being conducted in Myakka City.
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                              Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                              Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan.



                              MANAGEMENT -COMMITTEE

                              Wesley "Bo" Crum, Chairman                      Andreas 'Mager
                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4      National Marine Fisheries Service
                              David "Burr, Vice Chairman-                        Chip Merriam
                              Southwest Florida Regional Planning council               South Florida Water Management District
                              Karen-Burnett                                  Col-Joe Miller
                              Sarasota County Resource Management Division       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                              Alton Cheatham                                    Ken Murray
                              Charlotte County ,Soil and Water Conservation       USDA/Natural Resources Conservation Service
                              District                                          Misty Nabers
                              Pat Collins                                         Gasparilla Island Conservation  &  Improvement
                              City of Venice                                      Association
                              June Fisher                                       Roland Ottolini
                              DeSoto County                                       Lee County, Natural Resources
                              Mark Hammond                                      Eduardo Patino,
                              Southwest Florid a Water Manageme    t District     United States Geological Survey
                              Louis Hinds                                       Michael Perry
                              U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service                        Technical Advisory Committee, Co-Chair
                              Christina- Hummel                                 Jim Quinn
                              Polk County Planning Department                     Florida Department of Community Affairs
                              Charlie Hunsicker                                 Robert Repenning                          
                              Manatee county                                      Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                             Robert Kollinger                                  James Sampson
                              Polk County Natural -Resources and Drainage         Technical Advisory Committee Co-Chair
                              Division                                          William Smith
                              Molly Krival                                         Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission
                              Citizens Advisory Committee Chair-                 Brian Sodt
                              Rufus Lazzell                                       Central Florida Regional Planning, Council
                              City of Punta Gorda                               Ronald Stowers       
                              Patrick Lehman                                      Hardee County zoning Office
                              Peace River/Manasota Regional Water Supply        Robert Tewis
                              Authority                                         city of Fort Myers
                              Chuck Listowski                                  Stephen Thompson
                              West Coast Inland Navigation District               Florida Department of Environmental Protection'
                              Robert Loflin                                     Charles Walter
                              City of Sanibel                                     Charlotte County Public Works





                                                                                                The Budget Subcommittee meets at
                                                                                                the' Charlotte Harbor Environmental
                                                                                                Centers alligator Creek Site in
                                                                                                Punta Gorda.





                                             

                                                                 Photo by Joy Duperault




              12
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						Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
					Draft comprehensive Conservation Management Plan


                                                                                                     CITIZENS' ADVISORY COMMITTEE                                                                                               On

                                 The Citizens' Advisory Committee (CAC) represents public concerns and transfers
                                 information back to their local communities. The CAC provides a                            mechanism for
                                 citizens to advise the        Charlotte, Harbor NEP,  as              well. as -distributing relevant
                                 information to the public, It works closely with staff to reinforce and maintain public                           -
                                 support for the NEP, develop public participation strategies, and provide input on
                                 public education programs.           This committee-also helps develop public workshops,
                                 provides a forum for public comment, and directs- public concerns to the Technical
                                 AdviSory Committee and the Management- Committee. The CAC chair is a voting
                                 member of the, Management Committee. CAC members include:".


                                 Molly Krival; Chair                                   Carla Kappmeyer-Sherwin
                                 J.N. "Ding" Darling Wildlife Society                      Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                 Bob Croft, Vice Chair                                 Wilma Katz
                                 Charlotte County Citizen                                Lemon Bay Conservancy
                                 Ralph Allen                                           Joseph Lee
                                 Kingfisher Fleet                                        South Gulf Cove Homeowners Assoc.
                                 Roger Blackmore                                       Daniel Leonard
                                 Charlotte County Citizen                               shellfish Farmer Board of Directors                                   
                                 Anna Bowditch                                         Lloyd Lueptow
                                 Charlotte Harbor Advisory Council                       Charlotte County Citizen
                                 John Brenneman                                        Steve Minnis
                                 Polk county Extension Service                        Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                 'Terry Cain                                           Misty Nabers
                                 Fort Myers Marine task Force                           Gasparilla Island Conservation & Improvement Assoc.
                                 Beth Casey                                          Kayton Nedza
                                 Florida Power & Light                                   Hardee County Outdoor Classroom
                                 Ed Chance                                             Andy Neuhofer
                                 Peace River/Manasota Regional Water Supply               Farm Bureau/Agriculture & Natural Resources
                                 Authority                                               Advisory Committee
                                 Joyce Chase                                           Barbara Oxford
                                 DeSoto County Citizens Against Pollution              Peace River Valley Citrus Growers  Assoc.
                                 Joy Duperault                                         Laraine Pollock
                                 Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center                  Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida
                                 Joe Fleming                                           Bill Protheroe
                                 Harbor Heights Waterways                                South Gulf Cove Homeowners Assoc:
                                 ken Harrison                                          Louise Raterman
                                 DeSoto County                                          The Pinecone
                                 Chauncey Go ss                                      Beverly Sidenstick
                                 Gasparilla Island Conservation & Improvement,           League of Women Voters
                                 Assoc.                                                Robert -Slayton
                                 Ellen Hawkinson                                         Sanibel-Captiva Audubon Society
                                 Peace River Audubon. Society                         Camilla Spicer
                                 -Ernest Helms                                           4H and Boy Scouts  of America .
                                 U.S. Agri-Chemicals Corp.                           Sam Stone
                                 Ed Higby                                                Peace River/Manasota Regional Water Supply Auth.
                                 -Polk County ICAP                                     Lee Thurier
                                 Terry Hixon                                             IMC Agrico Company
                                 Charlotte County Citizen                              Bernie. Tibble
                                 Richard Huxtable                                        Florida power and Light
                                 Edge of the Wild-                                      Susan Toth
                                 Nat Italiano                                            4-H
                                 Charlotte Harbor Advisory Council                     Diana Youmans
                                                                                                                                                              13
                                                                                         Hardee County, IMC Agrico
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					Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
					Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


					TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE



                               The Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) provides technical, support, to the NEP.
                               During the planning and interpretive stages of the NEP program, the TAC identified
                               scientific problems facing the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed.. The TAC helps
                               develop work-plans, develops requests for proposals, and reviews the tesponding
                               proposals.- It also assists with information management and-coordinates agency
                               research. A designated TAC co-chair is a 'Voting member                             of the Management
                               Commit-tee. TAC members include:.


                               Mike Perry, Co-chair                                   Allison "Chip" Clough
                               Southwest Florida Water Management District       U.S. Army Corps   of Engineers,
             A                 Jim Sampson,- Co-chair                                 Jorge Coppen
                               CF Industries, Inc.                                    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                               Steve Adams                                            LeRoy Crockett
                               City, of Punta Gorda                                   Natural Resource Conservation Service
                               Tomma Bames                                            Jim Culter
                               South Florida Water Manaqement District                Mote Marine Laboratory
                               Chris Becker                                           David Dale
                               Florida Department -of Enviromental Protection/       - National Marine Fisheries Service
                               Florida Parks Service                                  Kelly Dixon
                               Jim Beever                                             Mote Marine Laboratory
                               Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation                 John Durkin
                               commission                                             Orang-Co of Florida, Inc.
                               Margaret Bishop                                        Win Everham
                               South Florida Water Management District                Florida Gulf Coast University
                               Gregory Blanchard                                      Sharon Fitzgerald
                               Manatee County Environmental Management                U.S. Geological Survey
                               Department                                            Thomas Fraser-.
                               Steve Boutelle                                         W_Dexter Bender& Assoc.
                               Lee County Natural Resources Management                Pat Fricano
                               Division                                             Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                               Robert -Brown                                          Layne Hamilton
                               Manatee County Environmental Management                U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
                               Department                                             Brett Harrington
                               Bill Byle                                              City of North Port
                               Charlotte County National Resources Department         Dan Haunert
                               'Matthew Cain                                          South Florida Water Management District
                               Bromwell & Carrier Inc.                                Linda Hawk
                               John Capece'                                           South Florida Water Management District
                               University of Florida, IFAS                            Glenn Heath
                               John Cassani.                                          Southwest(Florida Regional Planning Council
                               Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida Peggy Hellenbach
                               David w. Ceilley                                        Department of Environmental Protection
                               Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation                Michael Heyl
                               Alton Cheatham                                         Camp, Presser and McKee, Inc.
                               Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center                  Kendal Hicks
                               Daniel Clark                                           -Natural, Resource Conservation Service
                               City of Sanibel                                        Lou Hinds
                                                                                      U.S. Fish &,Wildlife  Service
 






                                                                                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                             Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                TECHNICAL ADVISORY                        COMMITTEE           (CONTINUED)                                                        

                                Anthony Janicki                                             Michael Simonik
                                 Janicki Environmental, Inc.                                  The Conservancy of Southwest Florida
                                Connie Jarvis
                                                                                            James R.E. Smith
                                 City of Cape Coral                                           Charlotte County Citizen'
                                Keith Kibbey                                                Jeff Spence
                                 Lee County Environmental LAboratory                          Polk County Natural Resources and Drainage
                                'Joe King                                                   -Heather Stafford
                                 Polk County Natural Resources & Drainage                     Department of Environmental Protection
                                Erick Lindblad                                              Fran Stallings
                                 Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation                      Save, the Manatee Club
                                Dianne McCommons Beck                                       Helen Stallkamp
                                 Florida Department of Environmental Protection               City of Cape Coral
                                Jono Miller                                                 Jim Stilwell
                                 New, College of USF/Myakka River Coordination               City of Punta Gorda
                                 Council                                                    Sam Stone
                                Mike Milligan                                                 Peace River/Manasota Regional Water Supply
                                 Center for Systematics and Taxonomy                           Authority
                                Ralph Montgomery                                            Steve Susick
                                 Consultant                                                   U.S. Agri-Chemicals Corp..
                                Gerold Morrison                                             Stephen Thompson-
                                 Department of Environmental Protection				 Florida Department of Enviromental Protection
                                Sandra Newell                                               Jim Thomson
                                 Sarasota County                                              Charlotte County Mosquito Control
                                Richard Novak                                              Dave Tomasko
                                 Florida Sea Grant Extension Program                           Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                Warren Olds                                                 Bob Vincent
                                 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service                               Charlotte County Health Department,
                                Judy Ott                                                    Charles Walter-
                                 Department of Environmental Protection                       Charlotte County Public Works Department
                                Shailesh Patel                                              Albert Walton
                                 Bromwell & Carrier Inc.                                      Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                L.A. Pellicer                                               Greg Williams
                                 Lee County Natural Resources                                IMC-Agrico Company
                                Shelly Redovan                                              Dick Workman
                                 Lee County Mosquito Control District                        Coastplan, Inc.
                                Steven Richardson                                             Kelly Young
                                 Florida Institute of Phosphate Research                     Florida department of Environmental Protection
                                Jacque Rippe
                                 South Florida Water Management District'
                                Bobbie Rodgers
                                 Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center
                                Deborah Scerno
                                 Florida Departmeni of Environmental Protection
                                Peter Sheng 
                                 University of Florida/Coastal and Oceanographic'
                                 Engineeering                                                                                                                   
                                 Karen Shudes
                                 Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                Ron Silver
                                 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.





                                                                                                                                                                 15
 











                                                                      Jv





                                                                                                                 -4@

























                                                                 Cittus gro@e


                                                                                                            Artwork b@ Victor McGuire







                 16








                            Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                 
				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                       STAtE           OF THE WATERSHED
                                 

                                       'A valuable lesson for a person who has only lived on
                                       barrier islands, such as myself, was giving a face and a voice
                                       -to the other people in the watershed of the Charlotte Harbor
                                       National Estuary Program study area. The Charlotte
                                       Harbor National Estuary Program has made it-possible to
                                       truly feel connected to the other seven -counties andfor th
                                       committee members to express desiresfor their areas in the-
                                       common cause Of conserving habitats and natural resources
                                       forfuture generations to enjoy.
                                                                    Terry Cain, CAC member




                                                                        
                     NATURAL GEOGRAPHY LINKS INLAND AREAS WITHTHE COAST

                                                                                         
                           Inland areas with freshwater lakes                                                                                                            
                              and rivers combine with coastal                                   
                                areas to make up -the    Greater
                       Charlotte Harbor Watershed        ecosys-
                       tem. The watershed- extends approxi-
                       mately   130 miles, from the    northern
                       headwaters of the Peace River in Polk
                       County to. southern Estero Bay in Lee
                       County. The Greater Charlotte Harbor
                       region is divided into seven'sub-basins
                       by' hydrological, ecological,, and
                                                                                            
                       management distinctions.'     In each of                  
                       these sub-basins, rainfall   collects in
                       wetlands, runs to streams     and rivers
                       through -a rich variety of     plant and
                     .,/animal. habitat, soils,, and surficial
                       geology.



                                                                                                  Photo by NASA
                                                                   A satellite image depicts the Greater Charlotte
                                                                   Harbor Watershed.





                                                                                                                          17
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                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
				Draft comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                        The Charlotte Harbor estuary has a unique fresh water source.    Unlike other estuarie s
                        in southwest Florida that are mostly influenced by the Gulf of Mexico, Charlotte
                        Harbor's Jarge rivers, such as the Peace, give it special characteristics. Large'
                        fluctuations of river flows between wet and dry seasons strongly'affect the water's
                        salinity and dissolved oxygen. In contrast, adjoining waters in Tampa and Sarasota
                        -Bays are more influenced by the Gulf and are usually well-mixed

                      The Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed
                        adjoins the, watersheds of Tampa     and
                        Sarasota Bays in Hillsborough and
                        western Manatee and Sarasota counties..
                                                                           
                        The three combined estuaries      are the                          
                        fourth-largest estuary- system   in the
                        entire Gulf of Mexico..
                        These      estuaries       are   SARASOTA BAY
                                                              NEP
                        complemented by intensive
                                                                                                 LAKE 0 EECHOBEE
                        ecosystem management                                                -SWIM PLAN
                        initiatives. in'. South Florida,.
                        initiatives include the.
                        efforts to   - solve
                                                                                             ERGLADES
                        some,     of    the
                        problems with Lake
                        Okeechobee,       the
                        Everglades, the
                                                            A
                        Ten Thousand Islands,
                        Florida Bay' and the
                        Florida Keys.
                                                                                       FLORIDA BA /KEYS
                                                                                       RESTORATIO
                        Difficult'resource
                        management issues       con-
                        front both the freshwater inland areas and the *coastal
                        estuary region. Inland, groundwater levels have declined significantly, phosphate
                        mining is moving into new areas, and -some lakes and rivers suffer from chronic'water
                        quality problems. More intensive agriculture,, mining, and residentiat development,
                        are replacing native upland habitats and grazing lands. On the, southWest Florida
                        coast, projected increases in visitors, residents, and urban 'development are
                        staggering. Both upstream pollution as well as the increasing water consumption and
                        intensive use of boats, -cars, and roads threaten coastal habitats.




                                                                  For additional information, see The Story of the
                                                                   Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed.
 






                                                        !Z)z:afi CompiwSenjive Conjervalion ano(2ranayemenl Wan,




                       Political geography links goverriment in the watershed.   The Greater Charlotte Har-
                                             X
                       bor Watershed has distinct demographic, cultural, and political features. Loc      ally,
                       the watershed includes 15 municipalities in all or most of Polk, Hardee, Desoto,
                       Charlotte, and Lee Counties; eastern Manatee and @arasota Counties; and the nar-
                       roW western edge of Highlands County. Regionally, these local governments are
                       linked by th@ee regional planning. councils, 'two water management-districts, and
                       nurnerods district divisions of-s'tate agencies Nationally, -eight federat agencies and
                       six private science or resource management groups@ a"re also active. in this region.
                       Many of these agencies have multiple roles in managing natural resources in the
                       Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed.


                       The economic geography of the Watershed covers a diverse region of important rural
                       and urban comrnuniti@s and a unique environment worth protecting. Fishing,
                       agriculture, mining, tourism, retirement, and construction compose the economic
                       base. The economy has diversified and strengthened because eople have moved
                                                                                        @-p
                       here to enjoy the natural environment. The region, especially coastal counties, has
                       grown at a faster rate since 1950 than the, state and the'nation. Highway@ link inland
                       rural communities with jobs and services in more populous urban,communities on
                       the interstate freeway- system.













                                                  1"', Al






                                                               Tarpon
                                                                         Artw,ork by Victbr McGuire











                                                                                                                   &





                                             Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
							   Draft comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                          Challenges To Resource Management
                                                                                                       

                          The large   size of the   study- area creates
                          challenges for-managers and          citizens
                          alike.  The watershed has both rural and                     
                          'urban  characteristics, freshwater        and
                          marine ecosystems, tourism and agricul-
                          tural based economies, and diverse local
                          issues and priorities. This diversity cre-
                        ates a need for improved regional man-,
                          ageements as well as public education about
                          the interconnections among the benefits
                          we treasure.

                          The complexity of the Greater Charlotte                        
                          Harbor Watershed doe's not lend itself to
                          simple. management solutions.       Since the
                                                                                                         
                          watershed is large, Jt is often' difficult to
                          determine how changes are caused by
                          natural conditions versus human impacts.,                                           
                                                                                                         
                          When' a basin    undergoe's rapid    changes
                          such as the construction of canals, the ex-
                          pansion of urban development, and the
                                                                                                   Photo by David Moldal
                          intensification of agriculture simulta-
                                                                                          Great blue heron
                          neously, it can be troublesome to link en-
                          viromental problems to a single activity.      Understanding how human -activities ef-
                          fect water quality, hydrology and habitat requires intensive monitoring and analysis
                          over the long-term. In our diverse region with a constantly growing population, not
                          enough consistent information exists to make perfect dicisionsin these circum-
                          stances, both resource managers and-the public have to make,the best judgements
                          possible even though opinions about the best course 6f action may differ.,

                          Declines in wildlife, water quality,, and water flows are usually caused by -a combi-
                          nation. of effects called cumulative impacts. All of us contribute to cumulative im-
                          pacts When we drive our cars, flush our toilets, and build a new house.              The chal-
                          lenge to resource management-in southwest Florida is to ensure that the. cumulative              -
                          effects are not so large-that the natural systems and the benefits they provide are-
                          beyond repair.     When'the quality of.natural resources is diminished, the. area's
                          economy can also be adversely affected.. Understanding how natural resources and
                          the economy are related is also a. challenge to resource. management.


                                                   For more information,    see the Strategic Regional Policy Plan
                                                   1995 and 1997, Base -Program Analysis, and       The Story of the
                                                   Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed
            20    
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                                                                               4'                         -am
                                                                  G6@rfo& Yfa, or Xaimnaf 8stuary. 5@wp
                                                       Ora// CompreSenjive Conieroalion'and'Aranayemen,1.9Yan.



                       THE REGIONALECONOMY


                       Measuring the economic value of the environment and its quality is a, difficult as-            M
                       sessment.. Although the value is rarely considered, the economic valu& assoc'iated'
                       with the current uses of our resources, such as tarpon fishing in the Peace River', or
                       non-use" values, -such as the wetlands naturally* providing-treatment of stormwater
                       are important to the regional economy. A functional environment provides clean
                       drinking water for out homes, soil -and fertilizer for our crops, and wading birds to
                       compliment a canoe trip through the mangroves. However, none of these resources
                       are limitless, although they are often. treated as such,

                       'Tourists. demand clean beaches, or they will-seek substitute destinations with their
                       vacation dollars. Likewise, residents are entitled to a healthy community, yet have
                       a stewardship responsibility to ensure its health. Tourists and residents are drawn to
                       southwest F@lorida because of many-natural amenities. The strength of our economy
                       rests on the quality of our envirom-ndnt, and nearly every household and.occupation
                       is in some way.affected by the health-of the ecosystem. - Conversion of 'natural
                       landscapes has a cost in addition to thatof permits,. blueprints, materials, andlabor.
                       !@atural ecosystems directly pr'lndirectly support. a multitude of jobs, provide es,-
                       sential services for our-communities, and make this a place to enjoy.

                       -Agriculture and phosphate mining dominate the inland counties- of De'Soto, Hardee,
                       and Polk- Counties, WhVe tourism as well as residential and commercial develop-
                       ment plays the dominant role in the coastal econorny.- 'Although the outputs of,
                       goods, services, and revenuds from all sectors of the economy are constantly chang-
                       ing, it is useful t6under-stand & economic value associated with'the current activi-
                       ties, amenities,- and non-use satisfaction levels dependent on natilral resources.

                       Economic   activities that are -affected by environmental quality range from recre-
                       ational fishing to'construction. The natural habitats, water quality, and freshwater
                       flows maintain -the amenities and natural resources necessary to sustain fishing-,
                       touri@m, recreation, and. the b0sinesses that sWtain these activities. To make min-
                       ing a profitable venture, @surface water in dd@quate,quantities must be present; for
                       agriculture, water for irrigation and livestock must meet certain -quality standairds.,
                       Thus, the. quality and economic output of the activities. is dependent. on the extent
                       and quality of the natural resources.








                                                                                                                      2 -I







                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
			Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                      


                       Estimating the Value of Natural 'Resources,

                       All residents benefit economically from the unique natural resources of -the Greater
                       Charlotte   Harbor, Watershed. The multi-billion dollar agriculture industry,
                       Championship fishing, and tourism are directly -related to the, 'quality of the.'
                       environment    Natural resources provide jobs and industry earnings as well-as other
                       public and private benefits such as recharging groundwater aquifers and providing
                       essential fish and wildlife habitat.

                       Assessments of natural resource-value must make Certain assumptions and use esti-
                       mates. - These assumptions make the results imprecise and may overestimate some,
                       economic values. Nonetheless', the- methods provide a very useful estimate of natu-
                       ral resources values. Economists used- two methods to estimate the total economic
                       value. of Greater. Charlotte Harbor Watershed natural resources--consumer surplus
                       and total in-come.

                       Consumer surplus may be thought of as consumer "profit."       Althouqh this money
                       does not actually change hands, it represents the value of human satisfaction from
                       using the resource. For example, if a family on vacation rented kayaks at a wildlife
                       refuge for $100; but had been willing,to pay up to $120, they would receive a $20
                       benefit in consumer surplus.

                       Total  income -cannot 'be added     to consumer surplus,   it simply- reflects value
                       differently'. It includes income   from direct,- indirect, and induced wages. Any
                       business that relies on natural resources to make money also usually requires goods
                       and services from other businesses.        Typically, this support includes food,
                       transportation, utilities; 'Office supplies, and professional services. These related
                    goods and services also produce an income, and additional benefits such as jobs
                      

                       The combined income of a business and the related sales -it generates from other
                       companies is the total,income that a particular business generates in the'reqiion's
                       economy. For example, the -same family on vacation that rented kayaks also likely
                       spent money for gas, meals, and hotel, lodgings. In this case, total income attempts
                       to account for the additional expenditures required to use the resource.,








            22
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       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
	Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                              The Economic Value of the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed


                              ,The Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed supports 124,000 full-time and part-time
                              jobs and $6.8 billion in total sales annually. Based on this level of economic activity,
                              the watershed also- provides about $1.8 billion per year in net value to recreation'
                              users,- and produces about $3.2 billion per year total income to the area. - Table I
                              summarizes consumer surplus and total income derived from natural resources in.
                              the watershed. This one-year estimate is based on the best inform ation available for
                              1994 through 1996. -In addition to these billions of dollars in, annual. benefits, we
                              receive uncounted benefits such as clean air to breathe or the scenic beauty of a river,
                              values difficult to quantify, yet, still tied to the quality of the environment.


                                      Table 1:'Annual Consumer Surplus and Annual Total Income in
                                                      the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed


                                         Resource Activity/Ameni             Consumer Surplus            Total Direct Indirect, and
                                                                  ty                                           Induced-Income

                                       Tourism & Recreational            (in Other Recreational
                                       Industries                                 Activities)                  $2,196,941,059

                                       Commercial Fishing,                                                         $22,635,667

                                                                                                                                            
                                       Recreational Fishing                      $107,228,991                   (in Tourism)

                                       Other Recreational
                                                                                 $809,448,482                  (in Tourism)
                                       Activities"

                                       Agriculture                                                              $671,580,307

                                       Mining                                                                   $270,250,299

                                       Non-use value of wetland
                                       areas in the Charlotte                    $884,028,344                  not applicable
                                       Harbor NEP study,area
                                                  TOTAL                        $1,80O,705,816                  $3,161,407,332


                                         not provided due to information'  disclosure constraints.
                                          e.g. boating; swimming and other water sports; nature observation.


                                       Source: Charlotte Harbor NEP, Estimated Economic Value of Resources,
                                                  Hazen and Sawyer, 1998, p.         ES-5.






                                                                                                                                                          23
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					Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
	                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


     What happens. to these    counted and    uncounted    economic  benefits if our natural
                         resources are damaged? Certainly the number of wildlife will decline      and so, will
                         other natural benefits such -as purifying and recharging our drinking water'supply.
                         While temporary job's in mining or construction may be created, resulting declines in
                         environmental quality may destroy more permanent jobs in agriculture and business,
                         and impose higher pollution costs.

                                                                                                                   use
                       Economic and natural resource decisions are connected.         When considering land
                         changes, should we only look at initial project payoffs, or on the other hand; consider'
                         both the -short and long-term costs and benefits? 'For example, building roads and
                          causeways not only increases access to public lakes, trails, and beaches, but also
                        increases the value of adjacent private lands for more intensive use. Therefore, the
                         cost of such new facilities should include the natural. benefits lost not only from the                       
                       right-of-ways, but also from the adjacent land opened up for urban development.
                         Do we consider these total costs :when planning future trade-offs?

                         Economic assessment helps us to   understand the basic linkage between our natural
                         and. economic geography. Natural resources. are commonly taken for. granted, or
                         simply discounted     when    assessed with more -traditional methods of economic
                         valuation. 'By considering the economic value of natural 'resources, we may avoid
                         passing on. the costs of our present natural resource alterations to our children and
                         grandchildren.



                                         The Charlotte Harbor NEP conducted a study to measure
                                         economic value associated with natural resources, These
                                         natural resources include fish and wildlife, natural
                                         ecosystems, water, minerals, fisheries, and productive soils.

                                         The significant activities and amenities include:

                                                Agriculture               Recreational fishing
                                                Mining                    Water sports and boating
                                                 Tourism                  Recreation industries
                                                Nature observation        Commercial fishing
                                                 Wetland benefits

                            
                                         For more information-see Our Southwest Florida Natural
                                         Resources and Economy,  1999 and Estimated Economic Value of
                                         Resources, j998.





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                                                                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                                           
                                                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                        FRESHWATER         CREEKS  AND RIVERS


                        Freshwater resources are worth protecting.      As  freshWater resources   decline and
                        -demand for water   grows, inland resources    increase in value. These waters, are
                        particularly important to inland economies, but theif quality affects the entire
                        Greater -Charlotte Harbor Watershed. Agricultural land uses, including ranching
                        are one of the-three traditional components of the state-wide economic base. These
                        freshwater-based uses and the coastal communities they supply with food and other
                        products. are linked by the rivers. and economics.

                        Freshwater resources define the quality-,of residential life in both coastal- and inland
                        communities.   These resources support agriculture, fishing,- mining, and recreation/'
                        tourism uses valued annually in billions of dollars.\ Three sub-basins 'Contain, our.'
                        major surface freshwater supplies - the
                        upper watersheds of the Myakka,
                        Peace,and Caloosahatchee Rivers.

                                                                                       MANATEE                     HARDEE
                        -The Myakka River                                               COUNTY                     COUNTY

                        The Myakka Watershed has the, larg-
                                                                                                 ere
                        est contiguous wetland landscape of                                    Up
                        the three sub-basins  (Map   2).  The
                        river begins its southerly flow from
                        headwaters in Manatee and Hardee
                        counties. After following    a narrow
                        floodplain forest corridor,   the river
                        slows and enters a series of lakes in
                                                                                      
                                                                                                       wer
                        Myakka River State Park, the largest
                                                                                                 M  kka,
                        state park in Florida. 'Deer Prairie
                        Creek and Big Slough feed the, river as        ......................
                        it widens and enters Charlotte Harbor.,

                                                                                                     CHARLOqM
                        Cattle ranching dominates the majority
                        of the basin, especially    upstream   of
                        Myakka River State Park.     To satisfy
                        the need   for range and    pastureland, -
                        much of   the watershed     was drained                              LOCATION
                                                                                        Myakka River-Basin
                                                                                                                    
                                                                                             


                                                                                   Map 2:   Myakka River Basin.

                          For more  information on freshwater   resources,
                          see Charlotte Harbor NEP, The. Story     of the
                         Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed, 1998.
                                                                                                                         25
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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                                                                      



                         and diverted. These alterati/ons enabled some of the drained area to be used for row
                         crops and citrus groves. Other parts of the upper and central        portions of the Myakka
                         watershed have been acquired for state management and protection.

                         In the lower portion of the Myakka basin, urban development is gradually displacing
                         agriculture., Former grazing lands along the banks of the lower Myakka River -are
                         now being converted to urban uses,,        mostly homes. Some con        struction is finally
                         occurring on the vast inventory of lands that were platted in the 1960s. At that time,
                        "these plat's displaced agriculture *in- western Port Charlotte and. in the City of North
                         Port. The Myakka River now becomes              even more important to these areas,-
                         supplying their drinking water as well as habitat for fish and wildlife.

                                                          




                                                                                                 Photo left: Oak tree on
                                                                                                  the Myakka River.
                                                                                                       







                                                                      Photo by David Moldal

                                                                           





                                       
                         Photo right: Tree dic-
                         off at Flatford Swamp
                         in the, Myakka River
                         Watershed.









                                                                                              Photo by David tomasko




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                                                                                                                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
																		Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                       The Peace River
                                                                                                                    
                       At 2,300. square miles, the Peace River basin i's the largest and most diverse in the
                       Greater Charlotte\ Harbor Watershed (Map 3) The river originates at the Green
                       Swamp in central Polk County, draininga series of wetlands, and lakes. The rate of
                       flow. is directly proportional to groundwater levels.    Underground and overland
                       flows follow natural and altered paths through canals, 'flood control structures,
                      former phosphate mines, wetlands, and- Lake Hancock. South of Lake Hancock,
                                                                                                                      to-
                       canals and tributaries combine to define the main channel of the Peace River that
                       eventually flows over 100 miles southwest to Charlotte Harbor.

                       *For almost a century,  phosphate mines have been     a major land use   in the Polk
                       County, headwaters of the Peace River, greatly altering the hydrology, and natural
                       flora and fauna of the landscape.. Since adoption of a State trust fund, in 1977,   a
                       portion of old mined areas are being
                       voluntarily reclaimed. Citrus cattle  -- -------
                       ranching, and row crop farming also
                       occurs in Polk County, but even more
                       commonly,    downstream in Hardee,                                       Peace at
                                                                                                Bartow
                       DeSoto, and Highlands Counties.                                       I 
                                                                          
                                                                           COUNTY
                                                                                                           POLK
                                                                                                          COUNTY
                       The    Peace   River is the       major
                                                                                              at Zo ho
                       freshwater contributor to Charlotte                                    sp  gs
                       Harbor.    It  is a major source of                             Payne
                       drinking Water' for about 90,000                                        - --- -- -----------
                       people in Charlotte, DeSoto, and also
                                                                          MANATM
                       Sarasota Counties. When the effects                COUNTY                      arlie
                                                                           I       I C     at       reek
                       of mining and agriculture have              - - - - -               Area
                       combined with municipal water uses                                                       111GHLANIM
                                                                                                                 COUNTY
                       and decreased. rainfall, freshwater
                       flows have declined, threatening the
                                                                            At
                                                                          UNTY
                                                                                              DE sqm
                       ecology of the river system and                                        COUNTY
                                                                                          er        SheH
                                                                                          ce         reek
                       Charlotte Harbor. Reduced flows are
                       most apparent  upstream, although
                       declines have -also been   recorded   in
                                                                  
                       the- Peace River as far downstream as
                                                                                               CH
                                                                                                COUNTY
                       Arcadia.                                                          LOCA2qMN
                                                                                      Peace River Basin


                                                                                                                   
                                                                                Map 3:   Peace River Basin:



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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                         The Caloosahatchee River

                         Before this century, the -Caloosahatchee River originated as- overland flows from Lake
                         Okeechobee' through marshlands and       swamp forest.      Since then, the U.S. Army'
                         Corps of Engineers has gradually converted the upper river into a canal connecting
                         the lake and controlled by discharge structures 'and locks. Today,- Franklin Lock in
                         L ee County separates the freshwater of the river from-the salt water of the estuary. It
                         also marks the beginning of the 30 mile tidal basin of -the Caloosahatchee River--
                         starting at the'lock and continuing. to the Gulf of Mexico (Map 4).

                         Twentieth century  transportation, drainage, irrigation, and waste disposal have been.
                         hard on the     Caloosahatchee 'River       and its watershed. Channels straighten-"
                         shorelines hardened, oyster reefs dredged; the river has been assaulted by raw
                         sewage, stormwater runoff, great        counter-seasonal freshwater releases, pesticide-
                                                                         spills," thermal -effluent and exotic,
                                                                         nuisance species.
                                                                         Dominated by, the human         uses  in   the
                                                                         surrounding cities of' 'Cape Coral       and
                      MAW=
                       COUNTY
                                               Tekgraph                  Fort Myers, the estuary        still provides'
                                                Swamp
                                                                         critical. habitat   that'. requires careful
                                                                         management. Despite the accumulated
                                                                         damages, seagrAsses still flourish when
                                                                         river conditions are suitable. Boaters
            ---------- --------
                                  Lowei
                             Calqoosaltatchee                             delight upon seeing, manatees, and
                                                   F
                                                                         anglers speak of remarkable catches,.of
                                                                         snook or redfish from secret fishing
                                                                         holes. Agribusiness- has converted many
                                                                         uplands and wetlands east of. Franklin -
                                                                         Lock    to intensive agricultural uses.
                                   COUNTY
                                                                         Conversion includes numerous drainage-
                                                                         and irrigation canals where crop demands
                                                                         regulate river water flows into or out of
         4,                                                              the -adjacent canals. - The. citrus Industry    
                                                                        has expanded significantly' into the upper
                                  LOCATION                               sub-basin during -the past decade - and
                       Tidal caloosahatchee  River Basin                 depends highly on controlling soil water--
                                      +                                 levels.    In addition \to the upstream
                                                                         channel,. small creeks and tributaries
                  Map 4: Tidal Caloosahatchee -Basin.
                                                                         contribute significant freshwater' to the-
                         sub-basin.   Considerable freshwater urban runoff also enters the river and estuary.
                         from the extensive Lee County network of navigation and drainage channels.


            28 
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							Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                         COASTAL      ENVIRONMENTS


                         Estuaries are   among the-most productive environments             on  earth. When        the
                         freshwater creeks and rivers meet the salty wafers of the Gulf of Mexico, they create
                         a unique and productive estuarine environment. 'Plants, animals,          and people take-
                         advantage of the places we call estuaries: Many species. of freshwater and marine
                         animals rely on the estuary and spend a portion of their life cyclein this environment.
                         A series of distincf but related bays and estuaries make u the coastal environment
                         of southwest Florida. Together they form one of the largest systems in the state and
                         the west coast of Florida's most productive estuarinearea.

                         Estuarine environments require careful management.           The estuaries in the Greater
                         Charlotte Harbor Watershed are unique resources heavily influenced by freshwater
                         systems and intense use. Restoration and maintenance of high environmental
                         quality should sustain the coastal
                         economic base for tourism, fishing,
                         recreation, and -residential quality of
                         life.                                         


                         Coastal Venice and Lemon gay                             ----------      - -----
                                                                                                                                                     
                         A series  of' bays, beaches,      barrier
                         inlands, and mangroves dominates the
                         Coastal Venice to Cape Haze estuarine
                         area. The barrier islands separate the
                         waterway running      from Venice Inlet
                         through Lemon Bay from the open
                         waters of the     Gulf of Mexico and
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                          
                         Charlotte Harbor. Gasparilla Sound, a
                         broad open waterbody,         forms the                             Coastal
                                                                                              Venice
                         -exception to this pattern of lagoons.
                         Southward, Gasparilla Sound merges
                         into Charlotte Harbor proper (Maps 5
                                                                                                                    ----------
                         and 6).                                               . . . . . . . . . . .

                                                                                 



                                                                                                  LOCATION
                                                                                            Coastal Venice Basin


                                                                                                0 

                                                                                     Map 5:    Coastal Venice Basin.


                          For more      information,     see Base     Programs
                          Analysis,  Volume 1,    1998.
                                                                                                                            29
 





            COO)              fl                Cervalion and X.@



                         This part of the study are, a has some important resource managemenrchAllenges:

                              #,the effectod boat traffic-and dredging on-the Intracoastal Vaterway;.
                                  retaining mangrove areas and protecting seagrass beds,;
                                  large areas,of undeveloped platted lots@
                                  the effects of septic systems and stormwater rurfoff froindevelopment,on
                                  water quality;
                                  dynamically unstable tidal inlets; and
                                  removal of nuisance exotic vegetation.

                         All of these factors influence the neighborhoods and habitats in this coastal area'.

                                                                             Charlotte Harbor, Myakka                and
                                                                             Peace Estuaries


                                                                             Charlotte Harbor proper lies primarily
                                                                             in  Charlotte@ County and connects        to
                                                                             the Gulf     of Mexico     through Boca
                                                                             Grande Pass (Map, 7).       Alth6ugh the
                                                                             harbor has an area of hbout 270 square
                                                                             miles, much of it        is very   shallow.
                                     ----------                              Areas of dee harbor water extend up
                                     Lemon
                                                                             into the    lower Myakka and Peace
                                      Bay
                                                                                       Sandy shelves.make up-the
                                                                             rivers.
                                                                                       walls" including Cape Haze
                              . ....... ....                                 harbor
                                                                             on the   west, and Punta Gorda/,C4pe
                                                                             Coral on the. east. These east and west,
                                                                             walls   are covered- by seagrass     beds--
                                                                             essential  habitat for    young fish and
                                                                                     wildlife.
                                                                             other


                                                                             The   tides  from   the  Gulf of Mexico
                         @' mm_'.
                                                                             effect water levels far up. the Myakka
                                                                    . . ..   and Peace rivers-. Although saltwater
                                f
                                    LOCATION                                 migrates up the rivers during low river
                                               S1                                              t
                                Lemon Biy Ba                                 flow penods,_ ypical       high flows iii
                                       +                                     summer freglien the rivers and lower
                               .1    2      4 1,1
                                                                             harbor. salinity. -Thus, the harbor
                                                                             changes dramatically with the sdasons.       -
                                  -Lemon Bay Basin.
                         Map 6.


                                                                             For more information, see Synthesis
             30                                                              of Existing Infibmation, 1999.







                                                                                                                             Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
																				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                        The public owns     many -of the wetlands, mangrove forests,. And        salt marshes,
                        surrounding the harbor. 'Very large buffer areas, part of the Charlotte Harbor Buffer
                        Preserve, and mangrove islands are also publically owned. - However, much of the
                        former ranch land and natural     habitat have been displaced by- platted lots and
                        suburban development. As people continue to move to the communities around
                        Charlotte Harbor the impacts of man-made canals, septic systems, mangrove
                        trimming, and loss of upland habitats require more careful management. One
                        excellent example is the recent decision- by Charlotte County to provide central
                        sewers in South Gulf Cove.





                                                                         DE SOTO          The 270 square mi1e Charlotte
                                                                         COUNTY
                                                                                          Harbor estuary is. characterized
                                                                                          by:

                                                                                               Freshwater inflow from three
                                                                                               major rivers and several                              
                                                                     CHARLOTTE COUNTY          smaller streams mixing with
                                                                                               sea waters of the Gulf,

                                                                                               Semi-tropical plants and
                                                                                               animals specifically adapted
                                                          Charlotte Harbor                     to this habitat;
                                                            Proper Basin                       Sem  enclosed bodies of
                                                          ---------- ------                   water open to the Gulf of
                                                                                               Mexico through several
                                                                                               tidal inlets; and,
                                                                                          +    Freshwater dilution of sea
                               
                                                                                               water ranging from zero to
                                                                                                100 percent, depending on
                                                                                               season, location, and depth
                                                                                 COUNTY
                                                                                             in the harbor.
                                                   LOCATION
                                        Charlotte-Harbor proper Basin




                                 Map 7:   Charlotte Harbor Proper Basin.




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                                                                                                          A


                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                     




                         Fine Island Sound and Matlacha Pass

       
                         Two large estuaries, Pine Island Sound and Matlacha Pass, lie immediately south of
                         Charlotte Harbor Proper,(.Map, 8). Pine Island separates the two estuaries-and
                         -provides them with limited freshwater from numerous small creeks and  wetland -
                         areas., Direct rainfall and runoff from western Cape Coral provide the 'major portion
                         of freshwater to Pine Is-land Sound and Matalacha Pass. The Cape Coral interceptor
                         waterways directly influence the quantity and quality of the freshwate'r inflow.

                         Both estuaries have extensive seagrass beds that provide essential habitat. for young
                         fish. Periodically,. during large release from the Caloosahatchee River, outflow.can
                         discharge freshwater through San -Carlos Bay into; southern Pine Island Sound.
                         Dredging and altered timing and volumes of . freshwater discharges      from the
                         Caloosatchee River system has harmed these estuaries. Seagrasses, oyster beds,
                                                                           and other plants and animals are
                                                                           vulnerable to       salinity     changes,
                                                                            sediments, and pollutants that occur       
                                                                           during dramatic changes -in freshwater
                                      
                                                    CHARLOTTE COUNTY      inflows. A better    understanding of
                                               --------------
                                                                           these impacts-.       and improved
                                                                           management of freshwater- releases is
                                                                           necessary   to -protect these coastal
                                                                           habitats.

                                                    L
                                                   MAI
                                                                           Estero Bay and Watershed


                                                                           Just  south    of  the   Caloosahatchee
                                                                           River mouth,- Matanzas Pass to San
                                                                           Carlos Bay       forms           northern
                                                                           boundary of the    Estero Bay estuary
                                                                           (Map 9). Protected on the, west by a
                                                                           barrier 'island chain including the'
                              
                                                                           town of Fort Myers Beach and Bonita
                                                                           Beach, the estuary stretches southeast
                                                                           to the mouth of the Imperial River at
                                                                          'the - county boundary.          Extensive
                                                                           seagrass beds support young fish and
                                   LOCATION
                               Pine Island Basin                           crabs  in the shallow  bays, and
                                                                           mangroves support large bird rookeries
                                                                           on the bay's numerous islands.
                       Map 8:    Pine Island Basin.,


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                                                                  Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                       

										Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                       A 15 square mile area of the Estero Bay Watershed is designated as a state aquatic
                       preserve. The state also protects tributaries in the Estero Bay watershed by the
                       designation "0 utstanding Florida Waters." The 300 square mile Estero basin is
                       currently subject to significant growth- and, development, including several large
                       residential projects and Florida Gulf Coast University.










                                                                                                    COUNTY



                                                                           








                                                                  Estero
                                                                    Day









                                                                                           COLLIER
                                                                                           COUNTY
                                                                     Creek.













                                                                  LOCATION
                                                              Estero flay Basin




                                                           Map 9:   Estero Bay Basin.


                         For more   information,  see The    Story  Of The
                        Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed, 1998.      
                                                                    
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                       ECONOmic ACTIVITIES IN THE WATERSHED

                       Phosphate Mining Is A Unique Regional Activity

                       The -phosphate industry is a-'significant factor, in resource management within'
                       Charlotte Harbor NEP watershed. The "Bone Valley" phosphate deposit of more
                       than-500-000 acres lie principally within the Peace River basin. This, deposit is a
                       unique resource within North and South America. Mineable reserves within the
                       Bone Valley deposit are projected to last at least an additional 30 Years. The deposit
                       provides. approximately 75 percent of the nation's phosphate supply, and about 25
                       percent of the world supply. Approximately 240,000 acres have been mined in
                       Polk, Hillsborough, Hardee,and Manatee counties Previous mining-in Polk County
                       accounts for more than 197,000 acres of the total mined'.area.. Additional mines are
                       under consideration for Hardee, DeSoto and Manatee Counties.'

                       This industry, in an important segment of the economy -within the central and north-
                       ern portions of the NEP watershed. The Florida phosphate industry employs more
                       than 8,000 people with a total payroll of more than $423 million. The industry
                       contributed more than $120 million in sales, property gross. severance, and other\
                                                                                                     faxes in 1996. The first $10 million collected in severance tax each year is -directed
                       to the Conservation and Recreation Lands (CARL) Trust Fund. The State-of Florida
                       uses this money to purchase environmentally sensitive lands. Since 1979 the CARL
                       program has received more than $432 million -from the phosphate industry sever-
                                                                                  ance tax. A,significant
                                                                                  majority of these funds
                                                                                  have been spent on the
                                                                                  acquisition of, environ-
                                                                                  mentally -sensitive lands
                                                                                  -elsewhere in Florida.


                                                                                  The mining and reclama
                                                                                  tion process significantly
                                                                                  change the land form of
                                                                                  large areas within the.,-
                                                                                  NEP watershed. The hy-
                                                                                  drology of significant ar-
                                                           Photo by David moldal eas of the watershed has
                       Draglines    nes are used to strip mine phosphate deposits in the region  also been impacted.. The
                        
                       known as the "Bone Valley.						visual impact of mining,
                                                                                especially prior to recal-
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                                                                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                                                                   
                                                           Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                                                                                                                             


                        mation is significant.
                        Real and perceived envi-
                        ronmental impacts due to
                        mining- and chemical
                        processing are of signifi-
                        cant public concern. The,
                        nature of that concern
                        contributes toward differ-
                        ing perspectives    of the
                        industry held-by citizens
                        of the upper basin and of
                        the, area surrounding -
                        Charlotte Harbor.                                                    Photo by Melissa Upton
                                                       The mining process significantly changes the land form of large
                        Agriculture                    areas within the Charlotte Harbor NEP watershed.

                        Agriculture is the area's economic anchor, seco    nd only to tourism in Florida and the
                        Charlotte Harbor region. Curiously as Florida loses reco d levels of wetlands and
                        native uplands to farmland, the state also leads the nation in farmland lost to devel-
                        opment. Former ranches and farms in coastal counties are especially vulnerable to
                        wholesale transformation into bedroom communities.


                        Citrus is the main agricultural product. Freezes in the 1980s in northern Florida
                        accelerated the establishment of citrus groves in       Isouthwest Florida, notably Lee
                        County.   More. than a dozen citrus- varieties are grown,   Ialthough most acreage goes
                        into juice oranges. Jn   1995, a total of 283,000 -acres of land in the-study area wa     I s
                        dedicated to citrus -- one third of all Florida citrus acreage.

                        Beef cattle follow citrus in economic importance. Four counties count   among
                        Florida's top 1 O'beef producers: Polk, Hardee DeSoto, and Manatee.    Hardee County
                        leads the region in dairy production, with 8,000 cows in;1996, and Polk County is
                        Florida's second-largest egg producer. Other crops are characteristic of the region.
                        Hardee County is the self-proclaimed cucumber capital of America. Tropical fruit
                        production, on Pine Island is a growing lands use. Tomato acreage has grown rap-
                        idly in-this decade, joining strawberries, watermelon, and peppers as dominant -field
                        crops.


                        Agriculture faces challenges     on all fronts throughout our region. Land clearing,
                        leveling, and drainage improvements transform  habitats. Florida's greatest water
                        demands are for agriculture, but overpumping of aquifers has caused large decreases
                                                                          




















                                                                                                               
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                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                           
                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                          of the groundwater pressure. Groundwater pumped to the surface for irrigation es-
                          capes  fields, - adding to  stream flows and changing the natural         water chemistry     of
                          Myakka and Peace, River tributaries. Fertilizers and pesticides find their way to
                          surface arid gro  und waters, creating calls for tighter farmland regulation-.


                                                                                              
                          Additionally farmers face growing economic challenges. The federal tax code can
                          compel families to sellfarms in order to pay estate\taxes, Despite green belt exemp-
                          tions, property takes have escalated as nearby rural lands are developed. Citrus falls
                          unpicked 'as crop prices fluctuate unpredictably. Preserving the economic viability
                          of ranches and family farms, while at the same time providing for the. region's eco-
                          logical integrity, is one of our. greatest challenges.

                                                                                           Cow/Calf     Ranching

                                                                                           Ranches occupy vast areas
                                                                                           of -the Greater Charlotte
                                                                                           Harbor Watershed. These.
                                                                                           ranches are predominantly
                                                                                           cow/calf ranches rather
                                          
                                                                                           than dairies. Calves born
                                                                                           throughout the basin- are
                                                                                           shipped to midwestern and
                                                                                           plains states where they
                                                                                            can be fed abundant and in
                                                                 Photo by-Joy Duperault
                                                                                           expensive corn. Ranching
                          The main agricultural activity in the Myakka River water shed     -is a relatively benign land,
                          is cattle ranching.                                             use. Fences interfere little
                                                                                           with movements of native'
                          wildlife. Natural landscapes are opened up without completely removing wetlands
                          or, forested areas.  Much of the Peace And Myakka rivers' natural shorel1ne beatify
                         -results from ranchers decisions to keep cattle from wetter.areas. Ranchers also use
                          prescribed burns to manage grasslands and native habitats. Runoff from ranch land
                        .,tends, to have few contaminants other than coliform bacteria, and n.itrogen. Earlier-
                          practices of unchecked pesticide use at cattle "dipping stations" are now, avoided.

                          Economic     pressures endanger future ranching..      Development potential has         raised
                          the tax base-of some ranches to critical levels-         and some -ranch -families may be
                          forced to divide land in order to pay estate taxes. Others will lease -and      convert ranch
                          land to citrus or tomato producers. that often degrade land, soils, and water. The
                          rural quality of the region'depends on, the maintenance of our ranching heritage.




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                                                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




















                                                                                 Photo by Melissa Upton
                               Shrimp trawlers at Fort Myers Beach.

                       Commercial and Sport Fisheries

                       Recreational fishing in freshwater creeks, rivers, and lakes is a popular pastime in
                      -inland counties such as Polk, Highlands, Hardee and DeS`oto. Sn6ok are caught as
                       far upstream as Fort Meade, while. freshwater fish such as largemouth bass, croppie,
                       gar, and the exotic species tilapia are also highly prized gamefish throughout the
                       study area. Charlotte Harbor is highly significant to Florida as 'a nursery ground for
                       marine and estuarine'species. Up to 90 percent of commercial and 70 percent of
                       rec reational species landed in Florida-spend all or pa rt of their lives in estuaries.

                       The main fishery species of commercial and recreational value in the study area,
                       include the following: black mullet, spotted sea trout, red drum, black drum, king
                       whiting, flounder, blue crab, pink shrimp, -stone' crab, hard clam, snook, tarpon,
                       grouper, sea bass, snapper, Florida pompano, bluefish, sand sea trout, Spanish and
                       king mackerel, sheepshead, and several species    of sharks.

                       The bountiful waters off Charlotte Harbor provide'some of the best saltwater
                       sportfishing in the world. Snook, tarpon, redfish, and spotted seatrout are just a few
                       gamefish found here. About one-third of all tourists come to Florida to fish; as a
                       result, the Charlotte Harbor region derives substantial economic benefits from the
                       maintenance of a healthy estuarine -and coastal sport fishery. It is difficult to estab-
                       lisji a precise monetary Value because of-the  industry's,close relationship to tourism
                       facilities and service, but Florida Department of Environmental Protection data in-
                       dicate that 21 percent of our  population engages in recreational dishing and total
                       angling in the region exceeds $1.1 billion annually.




                                                                                                            
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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program          
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 Shellfish Harvesting-_

                         Most than   275 species   of shellfish   are                                             
                                                                                                                  
                         found throughout the waters of the Char-
                         lotte Harbor estuaries. In the ancient past
                         the. Calusa Indians Of' southwest Florida
                         gathered -enormous amounts of shellfish
                         digging canals and constructing immense
                         shell mounds. These shell mounds sfill                                                      
                         dot the coastal landscape, of the Charlotte
                          Harbor Nep and some are protected as
                         Harbor NEP, and some are
                                                                               
                         "State Archaeological Sites." -
                                                                                              .
                                                                                      
                         In the more recent past, oysters, clams,
                         and scallops- were harvested commer-'
                         cially and rec-reationally throughout
                        -Lemon Bay, Gasparilla Sound, Charlotte
                         Harbor, and Pine Island Sound. The
                         height of the shellfish industry in the
                         Charlotte Harbor area occurred during the
                         1940s.   However, since this time,. the-
                                                                                                    
                         commercial harvest of shellfish has been       Calusa Indians digging the "Great Canal" at
                         declining with the disappearance of the      Pineland on Pine Island'
                         scallop fishery -in Pine Island Sound in
                         the early-1960s.

                         Shellfish are a reliable measure of the environmental health of an estuary.        Because,
                         shellfish -feed by filtering estuary water, they- assimilate and concentrate materials
                         carried in the water. In clean water free from bacteria, red tide, and. other pollutants,
                         the shellfish can be safely eaten -year round. In areas. of the estuaries affected sea
                         sonally by red tide -or nearby urban areas, shellfish may- not be safe -to consume.
                         Therefore, shellfish-must be monitored regularly to protect public health. Currently,'
                         about one-third of Pine Island Sound is approved for shellfish harvesting year-round.
                         Many areas in Lemon Bay Gasparilla Sound, and the Myakka River are condition-
                         ally. approved for seasonal harvest when bacteria- and red tide levels are at safe lev-
                         els. Pine Island Sound and Estero Bay- are closed to shellfish harvesting throughout
                         the year due to measured or probable bacterial contamination. -The importance -of
                         healthy waters 'for safe shellfisheries has taken on a new significance in Charlotte
                         Harbor with the introduction of clam farming in Gasparilla and Pine Island Sounds.
                         Areas of the submerged estuary bottom lands are leased to individuals by the state
                         for growing clams. Clams require proper salinity, oxygen, and nutrients to grow -at
                         a reasonable rate and good water- quality to be safe -to eat.,


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                                                                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                        Residential. Land Uses


                        The land-sale development that began in the       1950s dramatically and permanently
                        changed the character and use of the land Pastures and cropland were drained and
                        cleared, and coastal lowlands were dredged and filled to create developable homesites
                        by the tefis of thousands'. The land was subdivided, canals were dug, and 'streets
                        were paved. However, in most of these developments very few houses were built.
                        Even throuqh some of this land was -platted and sold 20 years ago, today, a large
                        percentage of it remains sparsely populated. The existing,residential centers such
                        as Fort Myers, Fort Myers Beach, Cape Coral, Port Charlotte Punta Gorda,
                        Englewood, Venice, and Sanibel have expanded and grown, but these areas are small
                        compared to the, near-empty land-sales developments.
                                                                         

                        The thousands of acres of land subdivided in the. 1950s and, 1960s have perma-
                        nently cast the form of future development. The platting of these extensive tracts or-
                        land removed thousands of acres from agricultural and other productive uses years
                        in 'advance of when the land would actually be needed for housing. Agricultural
                        land is under considerable development pressure near existing urban centers, par-
                        ticularly south and east of Fort Myers. There, flower and vegetable cropland is
                        being rapidly displaced by urban land uses. Since so much land-,has already been
                        converted, it may be preferable, to    e ncourage new development to in-fill platted
                        areas before covering additional high-quality habitat areas.










                                                                                          


                                                  







                                                            Gated cornmunity
                                                                              Artwork by Victor McGuire





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                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                           Tourism
                           


                           Tourism plays- a major economic          role in  all of Florida. Many residents initially
                           came to the area on business or on vacation, and them decided to make Florida
                           home. Surveys. indication, that beaches -remain the top attraction for both domestic
                           and international visitors.. In central Florida, tourists *are attracted to Cypress Gar-
                           dens, Bok Tower- and its botanical gardens, and major league baseball training sites.
                           On a regional basis for central Florida,' tourism is- considered the -"third industry",
                           behind citrus -and phosphate mining. Tourists and winter visitors are drawn to cer-
                           tain natural resource attractions in the inland parts of the study area such as Winter
                           Haven's Chain of Lakes, the Peace River, and the Highlands Hammock- State Park.'
                           Canoeing and freshwater fishing are common, attractions -in central Florida lakes,
                           canals, and rivers.

                           In-coastal southwest Florida, tourism has been an important element of the economy
                           since the 19th century. -In 1993 approximately 1. 7 million tourists visited coastal
                           southwest Florida.' Seasonal residents spend extended periods of time enjoying the
                           temperate winter climate and warm Gulf waters. Longer visits are also common by
                           international travelers from places such as Canada and Germany. The coastal area
                           also attracts. vacationing tourists and business travelers for shorter periods of time.
                          The total, coastal population, therefore, increases by more than 30 percent above the
                           permanent population because of seasonal, business and vacationing tourists. In
                           1993, total tourism expenditures were more. than,$ 1.1 billion in Sarasota, Charlotte,
                           and Lee-Counties, with vacationing tourism dollars contributing 53 percent of total
                           tourism. spending-. Coastal. residents and tourists alike enjoying renowned boating and-
                           fishing, a moderate climate, shelling and bird-Watching, and spring baseball train-
                           Ing.



                                                                                                     White, sandy, beaches
                                                                                                     like this one on Sanibel
                                                                                                     Island arefound
                                                                                                     throughout the coastline
                                                                                                     of the Charlotte
                                                                                                     Harbor NEP study area
                                                                                                     and,are a major
                                                                                                     attraction for both
                                                                                      national and interna-
															tional tourists.                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                     
                                                    
                                                                           Photo by Melissa Upton

40

             
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			Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                 Land Use and Environmental Management,


                                       "Living on -a canal has made me aware of the fragility of       
                                       water.  Thefertilizers we use can really he devastating.. The
                                       NEP has given me a chance to learn about, explore and
                                       discuss the water quality in our area. The phosphate mines
                                       were especially interesting. Although I knew they existed, I                        
                                       did hot know of the great,effort in the last 20 years that
                                       went into -making them -add to instead of detract
                                       from the environment.      Joe Lee, CAC member



                        Land use changes are constantly         occurring in the Greater Charlotte         Harbor
                       Watershed. The Charlotte Harbor NEP reviewed land use planning efforts as part of,
                        an evaluation of the- region's   environmental management., This analysis, included
                        information- about specific, local issues,. and about how government and private
                        groups- make land use decisions. The following activities and land use decisions
                        affect enviromnental management:

                                Residential land sales since the 1950s dramatically and permanently
                                changed land use patterns.     Lowlands were dredged and filled, and pas-'
                                tures and crop land  were drained and cleared to create almost a million
                                outlying homesites in the three coastal- counties. Most-of these platted lots
                                and streets still lie empty and overgrown, but continued road-building near
                                the urban centers of Venice, Englewood, Punta Gorda, Bartow, Fort
                                Myers, Bonita Springs and Sanibel is opening up even more, agricultural
                                lands and natural habitat for urban development.

                                Tourist, surveys indicate that water and beaches remain the., top attraction
                                for visitors. The total coastal population in Charlotte, Lee, and.-Sarasota
                                Counties now increases by over 30% above permanent residents for
                                seasonal, business, and vacationing visitors. Many of these visitors decide
                                to buy a-residence in Florida, adding more population and pressure on land
                                and water resources.





                           for more information,     see The    Story of The
                           Greater charlotte Harbor- Watershed,     1998
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                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                              Darft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                  Strip mines remove and process phosphate rock in, Polk, Hardee, and
                                  Manatee Counties'. DeSoto County anticipates mining activities in the
                                  near future. Although early operations caused both air and, water
                                  pollution, regulation has reduced pollution and conserved water.
                                  However, mining operations still disrupt water quality, wildlife habitats,
                                  and change the way water is stored in the system

                               Compared to more intensive. land/uses,  runoff from cattle ranching carries
                                  relatively few contaminants other than      coliform bacteria and nitrogen
                                  compared to more intensive land uses.       But land clearing, leveling, and,
                                  draining for crops can have more serious effects. Citrus and row crop
                                  farming  can transform habitats, deplete aquifers, and pollute surface and,
                                  ground. water with- fertilizers and pesticides.
                                                                               
                                                                                   Mound Key, located in Estero Bay,
                                                                               
                                                                                                         
                                                                                   was the home of Carlos, King of the
                                                                                  Calusa, and scholars believe it was
                                                                                   the ceremonial center of the vast
                                                                                   Calusa empire in southwest Florida
                                                                                   when the Spanish arrived in 1513
                                                                                   -The island is now protected as a
                                                                               
                                                                               State Archaeological Site.



                                                        Photo by Melissa Upton



                                                                                                                 
                         The Pick Preserve is made up of 26
                                                                           Samuel Captiva Conservation Foundation
                         acres of land that is contiguous with   
                         -the 264-acre Florida State Botanical
                         Site on Sanibel Island. Purchased in
                         1995 by the Sanihel-Captiva
                                                                               Pick     Preserve
                         Conservation Foundation the pick                      Thanks to Partners for Preservation
                         Preserve is located along Sanibel-                                                       Tom & Sue Pick, Mary Glenna Mapass
                         Preserve is located along Sanibel-.                   June & Hat Patinkinq, Keith MoffaL Bob Manger
                                                                                   and other foundation Members"
                         Captiva Road; opposite the Sanibel
                         Elementary School and J.N. "Ding".
                       -Darling National Wildlife Refuge.
                                                                                                Photo by David Moldal




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 Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                                                               
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                       WHO MAKES THESE LAND USE DECISIONS?

                       However unintentionally, some land use decisions can. degrade           the   value.of the
                       environment and-our quality of, life. Many different private organizations and public
                       agencies make these decisions - some
                       through.multiple roles and programs.
                                                                        In Florida, local goverments have                 'lot
                       Florida law delegates most land use              primary responsibility for land use
                       authority to local governments, with             and planning.
                       'state and regional supervision.. City and,
                       county plans, regulations, taxes, and
                       public faciiities create a framework for private land use      decisions.   About three7
                       fourths of the applicable. policies in all city and county comprehensive- plans within,
                                                                      the watershed implement the relevant
                                                                      goals of   this     Comprehensive
                                                                      Conservation    and Management Plan.
                                                                  Most gaps in local policies concern point
                                                                      source pollution and freshwater inflows
                                                                      that are usually regulated by regional and
                                                                      state agencies.

                                                                      Growthrequires improved management
                                                                      of urban and rural resources.         Local
                                                                      government comprehensive plans reflect
                                                                      the population growth forecasted by the
                                                                      year 2010 (Table 2). Des ite growing
                                                                     urbanization, rangeland and pasture will
                                                                      continue to dominate the Greater
                                                  County Boundary     Charlotte Harbor Watershed (Map 10).
                                                  Agriculture
                                                  Single Family
                                                                      However, intensive agriculture and
                                                Mining
                                                 Water
                                                                     phosphate    mining  expected to 
                                                                     increase  and improved ennvironrnental
                                               Commeracial office    
								Industrial          performance will be required of all
                                                  NEP Boundary
                                                       u
                                                  out of NEP            farming and mining activities to prevent
                                                                      large-scale- water quality and
                                                                                    -quantity
                                                                      degradation.
                                                  0 5 10 15  miles
                           Charlotte Harbor NEP
                             Future Land Use


            Map 10: Charlotte Harbor NEP Future Land Use.
       Source: Base Program Analysis Volume 1 Charlotte Harbor NEP, 1998,
       P.11

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                                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                   Draft comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                       Not surprisingly, most local plans assume that a majority of the new residents will
                                       continue         to choose traditional 'Single- family housing                                  or   multi-family apartment/
                                       -condominiums. Together 'with supporting- commerce, office, and industrial
                                       development, 'the plans project. that these urban- uses                                       will take over a fifth of the
                                       region's, land area by the year - 20 10.                            At the'same time, area devoted to natural
                                       preserves and -water resources are not projected to grow at the same pace.-

                                      Urban. development can cause water quality and quantity problems, as well as loss
                                                                          
                                       of natural habitat.              Improved environmental, management of this development 'will
                                       be required. Land use and management, for,example, affect the timing of rainwater
                                       traveling to a water body, subsequent nutrient concentrations and-loading rate                                                            and
                         -A            habitat availability. The following sections describe current issues of the region's
                                       water quality, hydrologic alterations,                              and     habitat 1oss with regard to                          predicted
                                       growth and development:




                                                                                         POPULATION ESTIMATES & FORECASTS


                                                                    County                                               Year


                                                                                         1960*           1980*         2000**          2020**        % Change


                                                            Charlotte                    12,600         58,500         142,400.        210,700       1,572%


                                                            Desoto                       11,700           19,000        30,000          38,300           227%


                                                            Hardee                       12,400         20,400           23,200          25,200           102%

                                                            Lee                          54,500         205,300        421,800         594,300          990%

                                                            Polk                         195,100           321,700         480,500      615,000          215%


                                                            Sarisota                     76,900        \202,300        325,900         419,100


                                                                SUBTOTAL                 363,200        827,200        1,423,800       1,902,600-       424%


                                                            Florida                      4,951,600    9,747,000        15,233,000   '20,066,000        305%
                                                             United States      180,700,000           227'700,000           274,634,000     322,742,000   799%    -
                                                              Countywide, Florida ,and U.S. estimates from the U.S. Census.
                                                               Countywide. forecasts from the University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business
                                                                 Research,, and Florida and U.S. forecasts from U.s. Dept of Commerce.


                                                                        Table 2:         Population Estimates and Forecasts.





                  44
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                                                                     CSarfolle XarSor Xalionaf Csluaiy 5?mVpam
                                                          2)--// Co.Tm@enjive Conjervalion and-Wana
                                                                                                     qemenl 5EKEn




                        WATER QUALITY BACKGROUND-.


                        Nutrients

                        The amount of nutrients entering a waterbody ha's important effects on water qual--
                        ity. Plants and animals, that live in lakes, rivers, and estuaries use'these nutrients,
                        especially, nitrogen and phosphorus,,to- grow, and survive. However, when exces-
                        sive amounts Of nutrients enter the @water,negative impacts can occur. Excessive,
                        nutrients may cause algal bloorns that turn the water green and block sunlight for
                                                                                                                           M
                        aquatic Plants. When the 'nutrients are used up, the algae dies in large qqatitities, and
                        the bacteria that consume the- algae deplete the oxygen in the water. Low oxygen, in
                        turn, can kill fish and other animals that cannot escape the low oxygen zone. Low
                        levels of oxygen in the water, are sometimes called "hypoxia."

                        Nutrients  cycle through water, plants, diiii-nals, and soils. Problems- -occur     when
                        people add additionalnuttientg to the water in great excess to nature's contribution.
                        Nutrients can come. from a large num ber of soufces and are -therefore one of our
                        leading@ threats to water quality. Below are some examples of sources of nutrients.

                        Sewage, Treatment PlandslDomestir Point Sources: When sewage treatment plants
                        process residential and commercial waste, they, remove most of the* nutrients from
                        the water. However, most of the water discharged from sewage.treatmeni plants still
                        contain -some nutrients. These discharges are point sources of nutrients to the lakes,
                        estuaries, and,.streams where they are located.

                        Industrial Sources: Many types of industrial facilities discharge water used in their
                        manufacturing processes,. These discharges are regulated and, therefore, m ust meet
                        state @tandards. Industries such as citrus processing, phosphate. beneficiation, and
                        animal feed lots'are sources of nutri6nts although they are limited to the state stan-
                        dards for theirdischarges.

                        Atmospheric Deposition: The air around us contains -nutrients also.        Nutrients are
                        -released into the air from local sources such ascar engines and power plants. Dis-
                        tant sources such as fires in Mexico an'd'out-of-state industries,can'also ser@e'as
                        nutrient sources. Nutrients from the air can fall directly orito the land as rain or as
                        tiny dry. particles. @They are then carried to a nearby water body during a rain everit
                        Jt is estimated that atmospheric deposition is the source of 20% of the total nitrogen
                        and 8% of the total phosphorus loads to our waterbodies.





                          For more information, see        The Story   of  The
                          Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed, 1998.                                                       45








                                                                                                         N
                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program

                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                        No, n-point sources: This term is used for the many places where nutrients come
                        from  when they are carried by   rainwater to a storm drain, creek, or canal, and into
                        our lakes, rivers, and estuaries. These sources are many and h,ave the largest impact
                        on the amount of nutrients in the water. Sources include fertilizers from residential
                        lawns, agricultural operations, litter and oil on roads, and animal waste from live-
                        stock. It is important to note that everyone contributes to these sources and it is the
                        most difficult category of sources to control.


                                                                                              

                                                                                








                                                                                                                      

                                                                                          






                                                                               Photo by David Moldal
                                    The spread of exotic- vegetation and water pollution sources -are a
                                    threat to the Estero River watershed-
                        Septic Tank Systems: Septic tank systems are common in the region.         These tanks
                        process household Waste, in areas where central sewage treatment is not available.
                        Proper placement and maintenance -of these       systems are critical to. their effective
                        use. When these systems malfunction, even        one household, can be     a large local
                        source of nutrients and bacteria. The nutrients can have adverse effects-on water
                        quality and the bacteria can cause disease. in animals including humans.

                        Groundwater.' Water that has been stored in the ground and then travels to the sur-
                        face contain's nutrients. Groundwatr sources of nutrients are estimatedto be small,*
                        but-may be important to. streams and rivers with large springs or areas where-people
                        are pumping groundwater and then discharging it to local waterbodies. Since the
                        region's water table is high', there is much interaction between surface water and
                        groundwater. Therefore, surface and groundwater quantity and quality are strongly
                        related.
 





                                                                     CSarfolk1farAor Xalionaf &Iua,* _A-yr-
                                                                                                            Ar
                                                          Drafl Co-pr-S-jzve Conjervahon and'17anayewenl       an




                        Bacteria


                        Bacteria in thewater-affect our ability to use the,water for drinking; swimming, and
                        sh"t-11fishing. The state's Water standards establish bacteria limits for different types
                        of uses. The highest standards are for shellfishing areas. Shellfish such as clams
                        and oysters can Concentrate bacteria in their bodies. When they are eaten raw, these-
                        bacteria can cause serious ill nkss* or even death. Therefore, only the waters that are
                        regularly monitored and show very low levels of bacteria are oper for shellfish Col-
                        lection. Other, less stringent standards, apply for drinking water andfor water recre-            Zt!%
                        ation such as swimming and fishing.

                        Bacteria can come from a, variety of sources but those of most concern come fr6m
                        fecal waste of animals and'people. Sources of fecal bacteria include malfunctioning
                        septic -tank systems, leaking sanitary sewers, concentrated animal feedlots, and un-
                        treated waste from, wastewater 'plant overflows. Other sources such as urban pet
                        waste and stormwater are significant sources, especially after a heavy rainfall. For
                        this reason, many"shellfish areas are closed immediately after a largeiain event.

                        Di6solved Oxygen

                        When dissolved oxygen is Iow'in the water, fish and other aquatic animals cannot
                        respire and may die. The factors that control oxygen levels are complex and change
                        not only throughout the year but also during a single day.,- Sources.of oxygen in-'
                        clude plant photosynthesis and surface mixing from wind., Uses of oxygen include,
                        decomposition, sediment oxygen -demand, and plant and animal respiration'.

                        Human impacts on Water
                                                  quality can affect the amount of oxygen,available for aquatic
                        animals. Excess nutrients can cause algal blooms. When the algae die, their decom-
                        position -can use up most of the water's oxygen. During the rainy season-, large
                        amounts of freshwater can flow over the top of saltier'(and heavier) water, creating a
                        freshwater cap that reduces the movement of oxygen to deeper water. Nutrients and
                        bacteria in bottorfi sediments can combine to create a demand for oxygen that limits
                                              in theyater column.
                        the oxygen available                         Also, sediments and particles in the water
                        can limit sunlight that, in turn, lowers the amount of_oxygen-producin g photosyn-
                        thesis that occurs in plants.







                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                        TToxics


                        The sources of toxics are numerous and are expensive to 'monitor.      Toxics' include
                        heavy 'metals like lead and mercury. Pesticides and chemicals that are unhealthy for
                        plants and animals.,, includin people, are also considered toxics. Toxics can be
                        released into the air from power plants  manufacturing facilities, or autos., They can
                        be deposited on. land and water though the use of pesticides, illegaf dumping, and
                        accidental spills. After a rain, stormwater carries oil' heavy metals, lawn chemicals,
                        and waste into rivers and estuaries.- Some toxic chemicals can be stored in the
                        sediments. of lakes and. -estuaries allowing- their ill-effects to continue for extended
                        periods,of time.









                                                                                          









                                                                                                                                            











                                                             Beach scene
                                                                                        Artwork by Victor-McGuire
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                            Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                        HYDROLOGIc        ALTERATIONs       BACKGROUND

                        Aquatic plants 'and animals are adapted to certain types of environments. Some spe-,

                        cies prefer the salty water of the Gulf of Mexico. Others thrive in the dyna
                        ronment of the estuary, where salinity changes throughout the day and throughout'
                        the year. Some plants and animals can only survive in a freshwater environment,
                        where the salty ocean waters never invade.

                        When people   modify the level of 'the- water table, dam rivers, -or divert freshwater
                        -flows, the. amount, timing, and placement of fresh and salty water can change dra-
                        matically. These changes can, significantly alter the types and abundance- of plants
                        and animals that can survive, and reproduce. Therefore     many of man's hydrologic
                        alterations to the landscape over the past 200 years have been detrimental to the
                        natural environment around us.


                        Changes in Total Flows
                       Over time, people have changed the total amount of freshwater that reaches the
                        estuaries and the  Gulf of Mexico. For some fish and plants, these changes have
                        significant impacts on their ability to colonize,, grow, and reproduce. Here are some
                        examples of human impacts on total freshwater flows in southwest Florida:

                        Reduced Groundwater Levels:        When too much groundwater is pumped from un-
                        derground, the level of the aquifers can drop significantly. In southwest      Florida,
                        groundwater is an important contributor to creeks and rivers.  In the upper Peace
                        basin, many springs have gone    dry because 0f the -drop in aquifer levels. These
                        springs, once sources of freshwater, no longer contribute to the Peace River flows.
                        Similar effects can- occur when      Water tables drop in other basins, decreasing the
                        amount of groundwater contribution to rivers and estuaries.

                        Dams, Locks, and Weirs: Water control structures are very- effective at their j ob-to
                        hold back fresh Water. Often, these structures store water for important dry' season. -
                        uses such as irrigation water supply, and navigation. Their. net effect to the receiv-
                        ing waters, however, is to decrease -the amount of freshwater downstream while it is
                        diverted for other uses.


                        Channelization and Canals:'     Straightening rivers and streams as well as connect-
                        ing new areas through canals and pipes can increase the amount of freshwater in a
                        river and estuary- If these changes. are substantial, they also can have serious ad-
                        verse impacts on plants, and animals, Many species require a minimum level of salt"



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                            or can  only endure     freshwater conditions       for a limited period of time. -A good
                            example of connection and channelization is the straightening of the Caloosahatchee
                            River and connecting Lake. Okeechobee to theriver head.

                            Table3: Examples of 'Hydrologic Alterations -in the Greater Charlotte
                                         Harbor Watershed

                                                    Examples of Hydrologic Alterations in'
                                                  Watersheds of the Charlotte Harbor NEP



                                                   Decreased            Increased            Altered            Altered
                                                      Flow                Flow                Timing            Location
                            Myakka Basin            Peak flow           Big Sough          drainage of         Clay Gulley
                                                    transfer to       Channelization    Tatum Sawgrass           Cutoff,
                                                 coastal basin via                                             Vanderripe
                                                 Blackburn Canal                                               Slough levee

                            Peace Basin              Loss of                              Green Swamp      Charlotte- County
                                                    kissengen                                and Lake         drainage/canal
                                                   Springs and                               -Hancock            systems
                                                  sinkholes                               regulation

                            Caloosahatchee      Reduction of dry       Agricultural    Drainage of Lake         Sanibel
                            Basin                season flows to     tailwater runoff      Okeechobee           Causeway
                                                       tide

                            Coastal                  Sanibel          Myakka River       Salinity barriers      drainage
                            Systems*                Causeway           discharge to-      (Coral Creek)          culverts
                                                                          Venice                               interceptor
                                                                                                               waterways

                            *Estero, Lemon Bays; Pine Island, Gasparilla Sounds; Matlacha Pass.
                            Source: Story of the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed, Charlotte Harbor NEP 1997.
                                           .


                            Altered Timing of Water Flows

                            The timing of the arrival   of freshwater -to, estuarine areas. is also -important to plants
                            and animals. -Their life cycles are often triggered or conditional to the salinity. of the
                            water.  Therefore man-made changes such as dams, locks, canals, and channels
                            change notjust the water quantity-but the also the timing of freshwater flows. These
                            changes, particularly when they are large and contrary to the usual seasonal condi-
                            tions, can be very detrimental to plants and animals in the estuary.
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                                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                       Altered Location of Water Flows'

                       'Placement of freshwater sources also has strong impacts on aquatic life.    Sources of
                       freshwater keep the water relatively salt free and cari push back saltier water from
                       entering an area during high tide. When- traditionally freshwater places become
                       salty, the plants and animals
                       that live there usually cannot
                       survive. Similar situations,
                       occur in   salt- water areas,
                       where plants and animals are
                       not adapted to a freshwater\'
                       environment..' 'If -large
                       amounts of freshwater are
                       suddenly directed into, a ma-
                       rine (salty) system, the exist-
                       ing wildlife cannot remain
                       for an extended period of
                       time. Particularly in estua-
                       rine areas, small changes in
                       freshwater sources can have
                       significant impacts. Drain--
                       age systems and canal systems are common examples of changing the location of
                       freshwater flows. These changes 'must be minimized to maintain the biological
                       ,conditions.









                                                                     












                                                                                              Seagrasses

                                                                                        Artwork by Victor McGuire




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         FISH    AND WILDLIFE HABITATLoss BACKGROUND-'

                          Florida's growing population and   development are replacing natural Habitat.
                          Without the proper habitat, plant communities and wildlife, disappear.                 Florida
                          remains one of North America's         most important reserves of biological diversity.
                          Occupying an important transitional zone: between tropical and tempeture  climates
                          Florida contains over 1,300 fish and wildlife species, and about 3,500 plant species.
                          Preserving this biodiversity in- the Greater, Charlotte Harbor Watershed requires
                          protection and restbration of regional fish and wildlife habitat. High rates of land
                          conversion and habitat, modification create' a 'critical need for regional wildlife
                          habitat planning in the watershed.

                          When development breaks up           natural, lands," habitat  fragmentation    results.    The
                          remaining isolated      landscapes   are  0ften too small    to  support breeding     pairs of
                          animals and preclude intermixing of breeding populations.              Also, the margins of
                          these fragmented natural lands,create "edge habitat'.' that alters- species composition
                          and can increase human impacts.

                          Half Of Original Wetlands Converted To Human Uses

                          Florida-has lost about half, its, original wetland habitat - mostly to agriculture, but also
                          to coastline development. Land drained by connector ditches for farming accounts,
                          for the largest loss of freshwater wetlands. More recently, wetland conversions to
                          farmland or     open water have accelerated, especially in smaller               unregulated
                          wetlands. Often, -dredge and fill - permits are issued that allow 'wetlands            to be
                          converted into permanent-ponds -for stormwater treatment -systems.

                          Mining -activities have also impacted wetlands.. Prior to 1975, phosphate companies
                          strip-mined but never. restored many         Wetlands. This happened especially            along
                          tributaries of the Peace River in Polk County. Now, due to regulation, the phosphate
                          industry.is required to construct and, replace wetlands that are destroyed.

                          Urban and rural developed also destroy wetlands.   However,spurred largely by
                          citizen' initiatives, local and state governments I and private -'conservation-
                          organizations acquire extensive wetlands including coastal and barrier island tracts.
                          Public or private holdings now preserve extensive portions of the mangrove coast
                          from Placida to Estero Bay. Extensive- public "buffer uplands" administered by the
                          state aquatic. preserve, system     further- protect saltwater- wetlands around Charlotte
                          Harbor- proper.





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                          Mangroves Maintain Vital Fish And Wildlife Habitat

                          Mangrove forests     form a distinctive broad margin around          the estuary's bays     and
                          lagoons.. They cover several thousand acres and may extendinland several miles                           
                          from open waters.    Mangroves perform vital irreplaceable roles-in -providing food
                          for species such as striped mullet and pink shrimp,.habitat for birds and wildlife, and
                          buffering inland areas from storm surges.
                                                                    


                          Over the years, dredge-and-fill operations have reduced much mangrove habitat.,.              In
                          addition'to direct loss, urban end agricultural runoff changes water flows to interfere                   
                          with the beneficial  functions' performed  by mangrove systems  The high cost of
                          developing -mangrove habitat is ultimately paid by            taxpayers in terms of flood,
                          damage,. shoreline erosion,, and water quality corrections.  Despite increased
                          /regulation, cutting and trimming continues to. threaten mangroves.,

                          Seagrass Beds Also Perform Vital Roles

                          Seagrasses play several   vital roles in the estuary. These plants '.'clean" the water by
                          trapping suspended sediments. They provide food directly to manatees and sea
                          turtles, and indirectly support sport and commercial fisheries by supplying habit-at
                          for fish.  Spotted- sea trout, for example, live out their entire lives with seagrass beds:-'
                          Seagrasses provide habitat for      a wide, variety, of sea life, giving the beds       a high
                          recreation value for shelling and snorkeling.

                          Commercial an    d recreational activities' can damage or destroy seagrass.        Filling for-
                          land development or dredge spoil disposal causes some losses              as do   changes ih
                          freshwater inflow or the closure of-passes between barrier islands. Losses of
                          seagrasses near their lowestdepths indicate reduced water clarity, but specific causes
                          have hot yet been found. Shallow-draft boats able to moYeacross the seagrass
                          sometimes cause scars that may, take years -to           heal. Recently, boaters, guides,
                          anglers and government agencies have'-begun            educational- efforts. to reduce the
                          losses Caused by propellers of boats and other watercraft.

                          Little Of Coastal Strand Habitat Remains

                          In- southwest Florida, little of the original coastal strand ecosystem remains.           This
                          plant community can be found in long- narrow bands of well-drained sandy                soils
                          affected by salt spray along the Gulf and estuaries,., Vegetation includes low growing
                          grasses, sea grape, prickly pear cactus, slunted cabbage palm, and live oak.
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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                         While residential and urban development converted most of the original coastal
                         strand community, large        adjacent sections. do       remain. These include         the
                         undeveloped barrier islands in Lee County, particularly Cayo Costa, and also the.
                         Stump  Pass area of Charlotte County. Coastal-strands -provide invalu      able habitat to
                         sea turtles, shorebirds,, and amphibians.

                         Urban and Agricultural Uses Replacing Pine Flatwoods

                         Until the 1920s, south Florida: landscape was -mostly pine flatwoods. One. Or more
                         pine species  grows on these nearly level lands accompanied by            understory wax
                         myrtle  and saw -palmetto. The pines were then intensively logged off for a period
                         extending through World War II, until the resource was commercially exhausted.
                         By 1987, pine flatwoods had dropped. to sixth place in area coverage behind
                                                                                                        
                         grasslands, cypress- swamp-, dry prairies, freshwater marsh, and urban areas.

                         Throughout, the   Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed, improved pasture,               citrus',
                         vegetable farms, and urban development have commonly replaced pine flatwoods.
                         Displaced animal inhabitants include pileated woodpecker, American                 kestral,
                         sandhill crane, black bear, panthers, indigo snake, and gopher tortoise.

                         Oak Scrub and Scrubby Flatwoods Depleted
                         Both these ecosystems provide animal habitat'similar to pipine flatwoods Various
                         species of oak as well as saw palmetto, rosemary, and -staggers bush dominate oak.,
                         scrub habitat. Ground cover is generally sparse and is dominated by grasses, herbs,
                         and ground lichens.' Occuring al6ng coastal shorelines, -ridges, and tributaries, and
                         rivers such as the Caloosahatchee it has been vulnerable to Urban development.

                         The Greater Charlotte Harbor- Watershed also includes scrubby flatwoods.         Similar
                         to sand pine scrub, the south Florida slash pine or longleaf pine generally dominates
                         this -community. Typical"understory consists of wiregrass and herbs. Remaining
                         stands of scrubby flatwood have been severly depleted by selective or clear-cutting
                         of the pines.  Due to the flatwood's rapidly percolating soils and high elevations,
                         citrus groves and residential development commonly displace this habitat..

                         Based on historical estimates, slightly over one percent of oak scrub communities
                         remain, and only 10 percent of scrubby flatwoods. Flatwoods, although providing
                         critical habitat, are quickly dis'appearing from the landscape.
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                                      Charlotte Harbor National estuary Program
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                            Many Exotic Plants Invade and Destroy Habitat

                            Many non-native plant species now invade and displace natural habitat -in the Greater
                            Charlotte Harbor Watershed.. The list of "out-of-control, species includes:

                            Australian Pine': Pine-like trees introduced a century ago
                            for windbreaks and erosion Control along coast lines;
                            toppled by winds; displaces coastal vegetation, and spreads
                            easily.,            

                            Brazilian Pepper:      Holly look-alike brought to Ma       natee and
                            Charlotte counties in the 1920s; irritant sap; forms dense
                            stands; displaces wildlife and native plants; encroaches into
                            wetlands; easily spread by wildlife.

                                                                                                          Australian Pine
                                                           Punk   Tree   of Melaleuca: Fast        
                                          		     growing white-barked tree
                                                           intended for windbreaks and draining of wetlands. Forms
                                                           dense thickets displacing       wildlife.       Very      common
                                                           throughout southwest Florida,            the Everglades,       and is
                                                           spreading northward.        The eradication effort is -a constant
                                                           battle.


                                                        Hydrilla: Aquatic     plant that
                                    razilian pepper        entered   Tampa, in     1950s;     grows
                                  dense strands of whorled leaves that chokes waterways and
                                  depletes oxygen.      Displaces native plants-and. fish. Control                   A
                            efforts making steady progress.

                            Water hyacinth: Large floating plant with dark green leaves
                            and-lavender flowers. Introduced in the 1800s;'slows water
                            flow and boats; depletes oxygen. Increasingly managed and
                            can assist hydrilla control.
                                                                                                              Melaleuca
                            Airpotato: Introduced through agriculture in 1905; covers native trees, shading out
                            understory 'Vegetation. Eliminates habitat for birds and other wildlife.

                            Cogon grass:       Unsuccessfully introduced in 1911 for cattle                 forage and soil
                            stabilization-, can    increase -firer intensity.     Invades sandhill and,        pine flatwoods,
                            agricultural forests, roadsides, phosphate mining lands, and altered-pinelands. Takes
                            over large areas, crowding out native species.
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                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                        WHY THE BIG   CONSERN OVER     FiSH AND WILDLIFE HABITAT
                        Loss?


                        Vital habitat exists on both public and private lands.  How these lands are managed
                       affects both fish and. wildlife population'. One may find it difficult to appraise their
                      loss to urban and rural development without appreciating their- historical coverage
                    and location. As these ecosystems shrink, people'lose the benefits and, values they
                   provide. These -include:'


                                   habitat for wildlife and plant. species, including endangered, threatened,
                                   and,species of special co ncern;
                                   water resource functions, including, ground water recharge and water
                                   qualit  purification from filtration; and,
                                   aesthetic and  scientific values.

                        Increasing  development pressures     in  the  Greater  Charlotte  Harbor -.Watershed
                        require us to protect critical habitats on public lands and to support private owners
                        whose -lands provide additional habitat. Aquatic -habitats require protection from
                        pollution and the pressure of increasing. boating and marine activities.




                                                    

                                   


                                    4,









                                                




                                                           Photo courtesy of Mote Marine Laboratory

                                   Seagrasses provide critical habitat for, invertebrates andfishes in the
                                   estuary. As plants, they also provide much-needed oxygen to sea water.
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                       WATERSHED MANAGEMENT


                                   "The key to estuary management is understanding how an
                                    estuary's component watersheds affect its overall health, and then
                                   addressing those concerns by involving all the stakeholders in the
                                    project area. This holistic, participatory a proach, which was so
                                   aply demonstrated in the Charlotte Harbor NEP process, should
                                   be a modelfor all ecosystem protection and restoration activities
                                   worldwide.-" - Pat Fricano, TAC member



                          A     network of existing public and private organizations in addition to citizen
                                volunteers creates the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program (NEP).
                                These organizations manage resources in different capacities including is-
                       suing permits, conductins research, monitoring water quality, and educating the
                       public about natural resources. Our large study area, land the interconnected juris-
                       dictions of our public and priVate institutions have created both management oppor-
                       tunities as well as critical, gaps in our complex legal and organizational framework.
                       This chapter briefly summarizes the management connections that have been made
                       to successfully address problems as well -as the continuing management challenges
                       that need to be resolved.


                       This management plan is designed to focus efforts on the region's most important
                       issues and to encourage the many Local organizations to work together to solve
                       problems. This section, therefore, identifies the organizations in the region who are
                       working to. manage our resources. Once identified, the role that each organization
                       is determined by their mission, jurisdiction, legal authority, and budget. This chap-
                       ter summarizes the environmental organizations in the study area, their areas of
                       management, and their current expenditures. With this information we, can build on
                       our existing Management infrastructure and work together for. implementation of
                       this management plan.







                          For more details, Base Program Analysis, Volume I



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                       THE- REGION'S ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK

                       A large array of public agencies, and private organizations work to protect and man-
                       age natural resources within the Charlotte Harbor Watershed. Most -of these organi,
                       zatio
                            ns have several roles in natural resource management.     The types of organiza-
                       tions include the following:

                                           23 local governments;
                                           three regional planning councils;
                                           two water management districts;
                                           26 divisions of nine state - agencies;
                                           seven special districts;
                                           eight federal agencies; and
                                           six private science or resource management groups.



























                                                         Arcadia City Hall
                                                                                        Artwork by Victor McGuire





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                         Local Governments.

                         Local governments manage natural resources, through their considerable authority
                       -for zoning, land. use, transportation  planning, and local ordinances. 'In the NEP
                         study area there are eight counties and- 15 cities and towns.

                         Each local government has their
                                                                                                          Towns
                         own board, ordinances, compre-          County Governments         Cities and
                         hensive;plan, and zonin . The
                                                                Charlotte County                Arcadia
                         implementation and enforce-
                                                                      DeSoto County             bowling Green
                         ment of these authorities are                Hardee County                  Bartow
                         critical components of effective           Highlands County              Fort Meade
                         environmental management, par-                 Lee County                Cape Coral
                         ticularly since local governments           Manatee County            Fort Myers Beach
                         have the most authority among                Polk County                Fort Myers-
                         government entities over land                 Sarasota County            Zolfo Springs
                         use issues.                                                               Lakeland
                                                                                                  North Port
                                                                                                 Punta Gorda
                                                                                                     Sanibel
                                                                                                     Venice
                                                                                                   Wauchula
                                                                                                 Winter-Haven!













                                                                                                          





                                                         Hardee County Courthouse.

                                                                                                                         
                                                                                              Artwork by Victor McGuire





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                     Regional Organizations
                        Regional organizations include regional planning councils, water management dis-
                        tricts and, water supply authorities. The three regional       planning   councils in  the
                        study area use their strategic regional policy plans to review and coordinate local
                     plans and large developments of regional impact (DRIs). The regional planning'
                     councils within the Charlotte -Harbor NEP study_ area include:


                                              Central Florida Regional Planning Council;
                                              Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council; and
                                              Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council.                   
                        
                                Regional planning councils also-include programs such as emergency,preparedness,
                                transportation, and natural resource protection. Agreements among the         three coun-
                                cils ensure that issues and policies are coordinated in the Charlotte-Harbor NEP.

                        Two regional water management district's jurisdictions divide the Charlotte Harbor
                        NEP watershed The Southwest Florida Water Management District and--the South,
                        Florida Water Management District make up part- of a state-wide systemof water
                        management districts created by the -State Legislature, The water management,
                        district's 'responsibilities include water. supply, flood protection natural systems,
                        and water quality.












                                                                  was







                                                       DESoto County Courthouse
                                                                                           Artwork by Victor McGuire.



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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                        Four counties in the, Charlotte Harbor NEP created the Peace River/Manasota-Re-
                        gional Water Supply Authority. Manatee, Sarasota, Charlotte and DeSoto County
                        representatives direct the design, construction, operation, and maintenance' of fa-
                        cilities to ensure adequate water supplies for citizens within their four-county area.
                        The Peace  River water plant and reservoir provide the major municipal water sup-
                      'ply for those areas.

                        State 'Government

                      State agencies  play important  roles in. the region's management. Policies in the
                        State Comprehensive Plan form a framework for all Florida's budgeting, planning,
                        and regulation programs in the watershed. The state agencies with major roles in
                        natural resource, management include; -


                                     Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund,
                                     The Florida Land, and Water Adjudicatory Commission;
                                     Attorney General;
                                     forestry Division of Agriculture;
                               IV    Education Commissioner and Department;
                                     Department of Community Affairs (DCA);
                                     The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conserv- tion Commission (formerly -the,
                                     Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission);

                                    Department of Environmental Protection(DEP);
                                     Department of Health (DOH);
                                     Department of Transportation (DOT);
                                     Florida State Office of Trade and Tourism Development; and
                                     South and Southwest Florida Water Management Districts.

                        State agencies report to the Governor and cabinet and are administered through a
                        series of district and central offices. State permit, enforcement, and planning func-
                        tions play important roles not often-covered by local or federal efforts.









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                        Federal Government

                        The states, in our U.S. Constitution, delegate broad responsibilities for our national.
                        resources to the federal government. Over the last century, Congress -has adopted
                        policies and created agencies to administer these policies.      These federal agencies
                        do not directly approve land   uses-except for.special uses    such as nuclear power
                        plants.' However, federal taxes, grants and. loans, and economic policy can increase
                        or decrease activities that directly affect land use. Federal agencies "With major roles
                         in natural resource management include:


                                             Environmental Protection Agency (EPA);
                                             Department of Agriculture (DOA);
                                             Department of Commerce' (DOC);.
                                             National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA);
                                            Department of Defense (DOD), including the Army Corps of
                                             engineers (AC0E);
                                             Department of Housing and Urban- Development (HUD);'
                                             Department of the-Interior (DOI),-'.
                                           U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS);
                                             U. S. Geological Survey (USGS);
                                             Department of Transportation (DOT);and
                                             Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

                        Federal, agencies provide a consistent framework for environmental laws and man
                        agement. These agencies conduct research, review and issue'permits,           and apply
                        engineering expertise which is ultimately put-to use at the state      and local   levels.
                        Most federal agencies have local or regional offices that are charged with specific
                        project,and regulatory responsibilities. Although policy consistency between re-,
                        gions is sometimes an issue, the presence of regional offices enhances local exper-
                        tise -and accessibility for local organizations.









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                           Private   Organizations

                           In addition to the local,     regional, state,   and federal    agencies, private     groups and
                           non-profit or anizations are important contributors to environmental management.
                                         
                           These groups often target their efforts towards needs where government is weak or,
                           absent.  Private groups are very effective at education, outreach, and "whistle blow-
                           ing" when programs and enforcement are lacking. '-Some, of the private organiza-
                           tions include: Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Mote Marine 1aboratory,
                           Audubon Society, Sierra Club; Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida,
                           Sanibel-Cativa Conservation Foundation, Lakes Action/Education Drive, and the
                           Gasparilla Island Conservation and Improvement Association.

                           Each organization-confronts management challenges in an                  attempt to protect the
                           web of life that makes up.the ecosystem. How can these organizations better under-'
                           stand system-wide problems and. the need to work closely together to effectively
                           manage the- area's resources? One way to start is to evaluate the management con--
                           nections and gaps among these organizations.





                                                                                                              





                                    fill














                                                                                              Photo by Melissa Upton
                                     Cedar Point Environmental Park consists of 88 acres crossed by five marked
                                    -hiking trails through southwest Florida pine flatwoods oak scrub, salt flats, and
                                     the mangrove fringe of lemon Bay. In 1994 the Charlotte Harbor Environ-
                                     mental Center- a private, not-for-profit organization, was- appointed to manage
                                     and protect the natural resoures of Cedar Point. The park is a site for public
                                     education and passive recreation.
                                                                                                                   63



















































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MANAGEMENT CONNECTIONS AND GAPS

At the federal level, the U.S. Constitution fails to provide any specific responsibility
for maintaining environmental quality.  Through time, Congress and the courts have
defined the general welfare provisions of the U.S. Constitution to include environ-
mental conservation and protection policies.  The executive branch containis the agen-
cies responsible for initiating programs to implement these federal environmental
policies.  The U.S. Environmental Protectoin Agency (EPA) is often the lead federal
agency on natural resources issues.  However, Table 4 illustrates that seven federal
agencies, in addition to EPA, share six distinct management functions resulting in
27 different programs within the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed.

Table 4:  Federal Agency Management Roles

								Roles

Agency		Regulatory	Review	Planning	Research	Funding	Ownership

Environmental	X		X		X		X		X
Protection Agency

Department of	X						X		X
Agriculture

Department of			X		X		X		X
Commerce

Defense/Army/Corps X				X				X		X
of Engineers

Housing and Urban	 				X				X
Development

Department of	X		X		X		X		X		X
the Interior

Department of	X								X
Transportation

Federal Emergency X				X		X		X
Magagement Agency

Source:  Charlotte Harbor NEP, Base Programs Analysis, Volume 1, 1998

It should be noted that although one agency may play a role in several management
areas, the level of funding dedicated to the different functions may vary signifi-
cantly.  Also, as congressional funding changes and new initiative are started, the
agencies' priorities may change.



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                                   At the state level, Florida programs represent an                        Ieven more complex allocation of
                                   natural resource management roles. Water management districts, the Florida Fish-
                                   and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and local _governments receive authority
                                   from the State Constitution. Ten other state agencies receive authority-from spe-
                                   cific Florida Statutes. Together they share six management functions resulting in
                                35 additional program areas as illustrated in Table 5.

                                   -Table 5: State* Agency Management Roles


                                                                                              Roles
                                             Agency                 Regulatory        Reviw        Planning       Research        Funding        Ownership

                                   Board of Trustees of the
                                   Internal Improvement Trust                            X              X                                               X
                                   Fund
                                   Florida. Land and Water              X
                                   Adjudicatory Commission
                                   Attorney Gen"                                         X

                                   Department of Agriculture             X               X              X               X                               X
                                   Forestry Division
                                   Commissioner a-Ad
                                   Department of Education                                                              X               X               X
                                   Department of Community                            X              X                               X
                                   Affairs
                                   Department of                         X               X              X                               X               X
                                   Environmental Protection

                                   Department of Health
                                                                         X               X                              X

                                   Department of                         X               X              X                               X_              X
                                   Transportation

                                   Fish and Wildlife
                                   Conservation Commision                X               X              X               X                               X,
                                                           ion

                                   South Florida Water                                                               I
                                   Management District                   X               X              X               X               X               X

                                   Management District
                                   Southwest Florida Water
                                                                         X               X              X               X,              X               X


                                   Source:  Charlotte Harbor NEP, Base Programs Analysis, Volume 1, 1998.



                                   Levels of funding and priorities within state agencies,can change over time as they
                                   do on the federal level. However, the information in the table indicates each agency's
                                   main goals and authorities.



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LAYERS OF MANAGEMENT CREATE PROBLEMS & OPPORTUNITIES

With this overlapping framework of federal and state organizations, both problems
and opportunities are inevitable.  Within each priority problem category of hydro-
logic alterations, water quality degradation, and fish and wildlife habitat loss, there
are good management connections as well as management gaps.  During the plan-
ning phase, the Charlotte Harbor NEP identified the best examples of management
connections in the hope that our management successes will serve as examples for
 further cooperation.  The management gaps are described to highlight our manage-
ment weaknesses and to correct our shortfalls.  The following sections describe the
management connections and gaps for each of the three priority problem areas.

Our Region's Hydrologic Management Connections

Management connections for hydrologic conditions such as restoring groundwater
levels and maintaining ecologically balanced river flows are important.  Water re-
sources do not usually follow jurisdictional lines of local, regional, and state gov-
ernments.  Since the resources are affected by management at all levels of govern-
ment, effective management approaches are important to the long-term health of
water flows and levels.

Authority to Coordinate Land and Water Decisions:  The cumulative impact of
many small land and water decisions can remain hidden until after problems with
hydrologic alterations arise.  However, the review process for Developments of Re-
gional Impact (DRIs) and power plant sitings provide good examples of reviews
that consider regional effects, not just site-specific considerations.

General Resource Assessment, Protection and Use:  Although surface and ground-
water data are not complete, land acquisition programs such as Save Our Rivers
consider freshwater conditions to prioritize land parcels with the most water protec-
tion benefits.

Use Permitting, Planning, and Public Benefit Test:  Water use permits must meet
the strong legal test of public benefit.  As agencies fill information gaps, public
benefit may be expanded to consider long-term regional impacts when issuing water
use permits.

A "Post = Pre" Public Policy:  The guiding rule for drainage permits requires storm
water management after development to equal or improve conditions before devel-
opment.



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                      Evaluation and Prediction
                      Models: Models can incor-
                      porate much of the available
                      hydrologic -information.
                      While not readily available
                      yet, such modeling can be'
                      developed and used coopera-
                     tively among agencies and
                      developers.

                        7
                      
                        Restoration and Mitigation.
                      Hydrologically-oriented per-
                      mit programs have helped re-
                                                                 Dragline used in phosphate mining
                      establish hydrologic flows in
                      parts of the watershed such                                     Artwork by Victor McGuire.
                      as the upper Peace River.
                      New or renewed permits require damage reduction \and itigation.

                      Our Region's lydrologic Management. Gaps

                      When addressing hydrologic alteration problems,the challenge in the Greater Char-
                      arbor Watershed is to identify mitake that can be reversed, especially in
                      extensive undeveloped platted lands.    Past mistakes include: over-drainage, direct
                      sewer and stormwater discharges, and development in 16w-lying floodplains. Listed'
                      below -are examples of -gaps in out management of hydrologic -problems..

                      Reactive Water Management:      Public policy has not been effective in kee   ing de-
                                                                                                  
                      velopment out of flood-prone areas.

                      Fresh and Salt Water Management.       Overpumping freshwater aquifers has allowed
                      contamination by salty groundwater Amproved management focuses on new devel-
                      opment, big little is known about the effects of the timing and volume ofdischarges
                      of water-from our rivers to the estuaries.


                      Inadequate -Measurable Objectives: The debate- continues over conflicting water
                      management policies and minimum freshwater flowsin the three rivers in the study
                      area. Incomplete science cannot accurately predict the results of management ac-
                      tions.








                                                                                                                    67
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Inadequate Monitoring:  Comprehensive, systematic, and statstically reliable re-
source monitoring is not currently performed.  The Compendium of Existing Moni-
toring Programs should help guide solutions but better-comprehensive monotring
is needed.

Inadequate Enforcement and Penalitites:  Small staff sizes and increasing reponsi-
bilities limit inspections and deter legal enforcement procedures.  Conversely, the
limited penalties seeem too small  to deter violations.

Our Region's Management Connections in Water Quality

A general level of regulatory
authority have been established at
the federal, state, and local  gov-
ernment water pollution in the
Greater Charlotte Harbor Water-
shed.  Some of the management
connections include the catego-go
ries listed below.

Authority to Prevent or Elimi-
nate Pollution:  Institional
structures presently exist to 
regulate land, water, or air used
known to cause pollution.  Re-
porting requirements keep information or hazardous materials and uses relatively
current.

Sampling Data and Predictive Models:  Where reliable data sets have been gath-
ered, different pollution treatment techniques can be modeled and effects predicted.
The example of Tampa Bay's improvements justify this monitoring and coverva-
tion.

Water Use Permitting:  Water management districts require water withdrawal or use
to a)  be reasonable-beneficial; b)not interfere with existing-water uses; c) be con-
sistent with the public interst; and d) use conservation measures.

Best Management Practices:  Impacts to land; water, and air resources may be-
reduced through simple alterations in land form or effective resource engineering
such as aerobic septic systems to minimize negative impacts.



68







                       Our Region's Management Gaps in Water Quality
                       Water quality degradation issues intertwine with those of hydrolgy.  Water quality
                       modeling, -monitoring, and enforcement in the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed
                       remain as gaps to be closed.

                       What is the Best Level of Nutrients?: Too much nutrients such as nitrogen and
                       phosphorous-can kill aquatic life and foul the water. Best management practices to
                       minimize nutrient flows from new development are not well known.

                       Competing_ Funding Demands: Funding for water quality management competes
                       with other public policies. _For example, some-proposals to monitor water quality
                       for public health threats at Fort Myers area beaches were turned down.

                       Voluntary Prevention vs. Mandatory Correction: Failure to-use best -management
                       practices will degrade area wide water quality.  It is undecided what degradation.
                       level justifies a shift from voluntary prevention to enforceable regulation-                    

				Lack of Intergovernmental Support of Coqqnmon Goals:

				State environmental agen-
                       cies have not supported local governments pursuing common goals -  such as Puntha
                       Gorda expanding. mandatory sewer hookups and Lee County           denying extensive-
                       wetland filling.

                       Our Region's Management Connetions in Habitat

                       Among the priority problems in the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed, habitat
                       protection may be. the most intensely discussed.' While most wAter and waterways
                       are considered public property to be managed for the public, most habitat exists on
                       private- property. Even on public lands, sometimes the appropriate uses and priori-
                       ties. for land acquisition are debated. The best habitat management-incorporates
                       effective management of public lauds along with good management on private lands.

                       Basic Research and Understanding - The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation
                       Commission- has distributed maps of likely species presence on both public and
                       private lands. With this tool, the general public, private conservation -.groups,. and
                       re latory agencies have a better idea-what wildlife may exist in specific areas.
                       

                       Land Acquisition, Restoration,. and Other Mitigation: Over the last_25 years gov-
                       ernment and private programs purchased or acquired large land holdings. These
                       programs have also encouraged- land banking       and -tested habitat restoration Pro-
                       grams.



				69


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Charlotte Harbor National --tuary Program
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Jeopardy:  Habitat information and public support to promote enforcement actions
to protect a listed species in "jeopardy" of harm or danger let to acceptable private
and public mitgration and prevention programs.

Our Region's Management Gaps in Habitat

Any land development or alteration, such as water management or trasportation
changes the habitat value for wildlife.  Only recently has the impact on wildlife been
part of review and permitting processes.  Even now, developers and reulatory offi-
cials may not understand public policy on the value of fish and wildlife habitat
creating many gaps in preventing habitat loss.

Gaps in Habitat Issues:  When land is not owned by government, private owners,
by right, do not have to manage their property as potential wildlife habitat.  The
purpose of most requirements for landscaping or trees is aestetics or to provide 
shade, not habitit.

Separation of Plants from Animals:  In ecosystem habitats, animal and plant popu-
lations operate in an integrated "web of life."  Yet, the state manages animals through
one agency focused on restoring species, and manages plants through another agency
focused on commercial marketability or scarcity of plants.

Habitat Preservation in "Penny Packets":  Most habitat mangement occurs through
land and water permitting agencies that, review permits based on property bound-
aries, not ecosystem boundaries, and developers propose land use for small, defined
area that seldom cover entire
habitat communities.

Conflicting Public Policy for
Baseline Species Habitat Pro-
tection:  Habitat identified by
state agencies for high priority
protection of baseline species
may include area necessary to meet the economic assumptions
of the cummunity or region.

						Snook in the mangoves
							Artwork by Victor McGuire

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Charlotte Harbor National --tuary Program
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MANAGEMENT CONNECTIONS POINT THE WAY 
TO FIXING GAPS

As our population grows and changes, so will our management techniques and gaps.
Some resource management and land use programs have been  linked, but despite
these efforts, other programs do not work in harmony.  The result is loss of effec-
tiveness and efficiency in natural resource protection.  The public understands the
purpose of resource management systems, and this understanding provides the critical
motivation tension necessary for reform and improvement in the Greater Charlotte
Harbor Watershed.

This management plan and the continuation of the NEP management conference
will promote management connections and the filling of management gaps.  Regu-
lar meetings of the committees of the management conference will promote com-
munications among both agencies and interest groups.  The meetings and informa-
tion materials generated through the Charlotte Harbor NEP are also helpful for can-
ing attention to new research, studies, and data that become available.  Continued
participation from the private groups as well as federal, state, regional, and local
agencies will be important to the continued value of the NEP's activities.

Photo by Patti Armbruster

Committee members work on the priority actions for the Compre-
hensive Conservation and Management Plan at the retreat near
Haines City.



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Charlotte Harbor National --tuary Program
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EXPENDITURES FOR MANAGEMENT

Even when the ideal management framework is in place, funding is necessary to
carry out the projects and enforcement needed for successful management.  As part
of the analysis of management connections and gaps, a review was conducted of the
fuding that is currently dedicated to environmental management.  The analysis
divided each organization's environmental funding and staff into six general catego-
ries:

1.  Land Use: 	Managing  the benefits and impacts of population growth,
			economic development, agriculture, forestry, and beaches.

2.  Water Quality:Managing water quality conditions in fresh, estuarine, or
			marine waters.

3.  Hydrology:	Addressing issues in water supply (including agricultural
			uses), flood plain management, water table management,
			and retaining or draining wetlands.

4.  Habitat:	Managing land as well as fresh/salt water resources for
			yield and sustainability of species.

5.  Research:  	Developing information resources for other agencies to 
			use in any of the above efforts.

6.  Grants:		Funding from grant agencies for any of the above efforts.

All agencies in the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed provided information from
fiscal year 1998-99 on mail-back survery forms and in follow-up phone calls.  State
and federal agencies usually provided a best guess since their service area seldom
coincided with watershed boundaries (see Figure 1).

The analysis of natural resource funding indicates significant staffing and expendi-
ture levels within the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed.  However, staffing levels
are usually not correlated with any specific watershed, reflecting differences in agency
jurisdictions versus watershed boundaries.  Issues involving day-to-day manage-
ment receive significant local support, with connections to regional, state, and fed-
eral agencies.  Hydrology and land use issues appear to consumer most day-to-day
management resources.  Reactive, or incident-driven issues receive less manage-



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Grants to Priority Problems 5.3%
Land Use 13.1%
Research on Priority Problems 4.7%
Habitat 9.3%
Hydrology/Stormwater 23.9%
Water Quality 43.7%

Figure 1:  Fiscal Year 98-99 relative program budgets for resources 
mangement programs in the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed.

ment attention at local levels, but more general support from regional, state, and
federal levels.  Finally, general staffing levels indicate a lack of on-going research
activities within watersheds.

The many projects in Volume II of this document are included as preliminary efforts
to implement this management plan.  Many of these projects incorporate multiple
organizations, a variety of funding sources, and focus on natural resources rather
than oly jurisdictions.  These examples need to be used to encourage more coop-
eration and targeted funding.  Achievement of the quantifiable objectives will re-
quire all of the organizations discussed here todo their part and, in some cases,
change the way that they address management problems.  Their commitment to this
management plan will dictatte the ultimate success of our efforts and the condition
of the watershed for future generations.

For details see Base Programs Analysis, Volume
2, Charlotte Harbor NEP.



73
                                                                                    























                                                              @-j




















                                                                            !6Er









                                                                                                          NO







                                                                                               14
                                                           '41




                                                                     Farin workers
                                                                                                                   Artwork by Victor McGuire


















                       ---------------






                                                                  GSarfaie Nar,6'or Xalionaf &Yluary Troyram
                                                       Opall Gomppej6@mive Comervalion andr-Wana7emeni 516



                       EARLY ACTIONS FOR WATERSHED
                       CONSERVATION

                                  00
                                     'As much as Sanibel does to restore andpreserve the island                         "4
                                     as a sanctuary for wildlife, we cannot dodge the effects of
                                     deteriorating conditions in the rest of the Charlotte Harbor
                                     watershed." - Molly Krival, CAC member
                                                                                                                        N
                                                                                                                        r.105
                       0
                               ver three years, the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program funded
                               technical and educational early action demonstration projects. These
                               innovative projects, selected on a competitive basis, were designed to pro-
                       vide immediate benefits to the watershed's natural resources, to enhance our overall
                       technical knowledge of the greater watershed, and strengthen community aware-
                       ness of and participation in environmental issues. The selected projects reflected
                       the diversity of resource issues and information needs within the greater watershed.
                       All projects were located in the program's study area and addressed at least one of
                       the three priority problems or facilitated public education of environmental issues.
                       The grants addressed a specific technical question, a new management technique,
                       or managed a known problem, and contribute to the development of the Compre-
                       hensive Conservation and Management Plan.

                       Demonstration project objectives varied across three broad categories: habitat res-
                       toration, environmental education, and ecosystem monitoring and research. Ex-
                       amples included the removal of invasive exotic vegetation and construction of inter-
                       pretive nature trails on public lands, hosting hands-on teacher's workshops focus-
                       ing on estuarine water quality, wildlife, and ecology, and the characterization of
                       total pollutant sources and estimation of pollutant loadings to an impaired residen-
                       tial lake in Polk County.

                       Grants were administered by the sponsoring organization and the program office,
                       and funded directly and indirectly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
                       the Southwest Florida Water Management District, as well as the cities, counties,
                       and agencies who provided program matching funds. Invaluable contributions of
                       technical expertise and volunteer hours were the key ingredients in project success.
                       Direct program funding support exceeded $383,000, with total project value in ex-
                       cess of $1.1 million, not including numerous professional and volunteer hours. At
                       least a 25% match was required for grant requests over three thousand dollars.
                       Overall, the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program approved funding for thirty-
                       seven demonstration projects throughout the greater study area.

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HABITAT RESTORATION



PROJECT NAME			PROJECT PARTNER			OTHER CONTRIBUTORS

Punta Gorda Nature Park		City of Punta Gorda		Southwest Florida Water Management District

Myakki Wild and Scenic		Florida Department of		Friends of the Myakka
River Exotic Removal		Environmental Protection
					Parks Service

Edison Community College	Florida Native Plant Society
Oak Hammock Restoration	

Pick Preserve Nature Trail	Sanibel-Captiva
and Teaching Center		Conservation Foundation

Punta Gorda Waterfront		Charlotte Harbour			Reef Ball Association;
Juvenile Fisheries Habitat	Reef Association			Krehling Industries, Inc.

A Pond Boardwalk at		Florida Department of
Winkler Point			Environmental Protection

Dry Prairie Restoration 	Florida Department of
					Environmental Protection-
					Parks Service

Phot by Jim Stilwell

A public boardwalk and nature tail overlooks a tida creek and re-
introduced native veetation at the Punta Gorda Nature Park.



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HABITAT RESORATION

Eager volunteers along the banks of the Myakka River during exotic vegetation
removal and habitat restoration activities.

Photo by David Moldal

Project manager and Florida Department of Environmental Protection biologist
Chris Becker displays an air potato seed during exotic vegetation removal along the 
Myakka River.

Photo by Heather Staffor

Hard working volunteers clear the exotic pest plant Melalueca in preparation of building
the Winkler Point Natural Trail near Estero Bay.



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HABITAT RESTORATION

Restoration ecologist David Ceilley from the Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation
outlines the location of the teaching shelter for the Pick Preserve Nature Trail on 
land recently cleared of exotic vegetation.

Photo by David Moldal

David Tomasko and Forest Turbiville of the Southwest Florida Water Management District
survey the mosquito ditch connection to the residential canal during construction of the
Punta Gorda Nature Park.

Photo by David Molda

Project manage Jim Stilwell of the City of th City Punta Gorda removes Melalueca during 
development of the Punta Gorda Nature Park.

Photo by David Molden



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HABITAT RESTORATION

Linda Wilson, Jim Beever, Lisa Beever, and Monica Dorken after a productive day removing
exotic vegetation and planting native flora within a hardwood hammock at Edison Community
College.

Photo by David Moldal

Project manager and park biologist Belinda Perry examines roller-chopped saw palmetto as
part of the Myakka River State Park Dry Prairie Restoration Project.

Photo by David Moldal

Re-graded railroad bed within the Myakka River State Park restores the sheet flow of water 
in a native Prairie ecosystem.

Photo by David Moldal

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HABITAT RESTORATION

Photo by David Moldal

Project manager Jerry Jenson (center) directs the pouring of concrete during the
construction of reef balls in Punta Gorda.

Photo by David Moldal

Rick Dorken walks a boardwalk as the newly contructed nature trial on Florida Department
of Environmental Protection's Three Lakes restoration site.

Photo by David Moldal

Reef balls of various shapes and sizes will be submerged beneath private docks.  The
structures create fish habitat as part of the Punta Gorda Waterfront Juvenile Fisheries project.



80



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ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

PROJECT NAME		PROJECT PARTNER		OTHER CONTRIBUTORS

The Myakka			The Myakka Conservancy	Sarasota County:  Southwest Florida Water
Connectivity Project					Management District:  Florida Power and Light:
								Myakka River Resources:  Sarasota Community
								Foundation

Keep the Estuary Clean	Hardee County		Hardee County School District
				School Board

Florida Yards and 	Charlotte Harbor		University of Florida Cooperative Extension
Neighborhoods 		Environmental Center,Inc.	Service

History of the Upper	Fort Meade High School
Peace River Watershed

Estuaries for our		Myakka River Elementary
Kids Sake			School

Keeping the Peace		Port Charlotte Middle
				School

Treasures of the Sea	Town of Fort Myers Beach

Upper Peace River 	Charlotte Harbor
Education Strategy	Environmental Center

Boater's Guide to		Florida Sea Grant			Charlotte County; West Coast Inland
Charlotte Harbor							Navigation District

Knowing Our			4-H Shark's Club of		Charlotte County Cooperative Extension
Ecosystems			Charlotte County			Service

Estuary Awareness		Florida Atlantic University	Florida Center for Environmental Studies
and Education		

A Study of the Old	Fort Meade High School
Mill Pond

Seagrass Workshop 	Lemon Bay High School
for Teachers

Lake Hancock Monitoring	George Jenkins High School
and Education

Seagrass Education	Charlotte Harbour
in Lemon Bay		Environmental Center



81






                                                                                                                    

Charlotte Harbor National Estaury Program
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ENVIRONEMENTAL EDUCATION

Port Charlotte Middle School 7th graders enjoy a field trip on the Peace River.

Photo by Melissa Upton.

Myakka River Elementary School sutdents learn about the estuaries in the coastal areas
near Placida.

Photoas courtesy of Wendy Graham

Myakka River Elementary School students study plants and animals at Cedar Points Environmental
center in Englewood.

Photo courtesy of Wendy Graham

 

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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Landowner and ranch Buster Longino discusses land management and preservation options with
fellow workship participants during the Myakka Connectivity project.

Photo by Tiffiny Lutterman

Photo right:  Nick Nichols, of Environmental SystemAnalysts, Inc., presents the Myakka Connectivity
Report to landowners in the Myakka River basin.

Photo below:  Chauncy Goss, former Director of the Gasparilla Island Conservation and 
Improvement Association and CAC member, chairs a session at the Charlotte Harbor Public 
Conference and Technical Symposium in 1997.

Photo by Tiffany Lutterman

Photo by Melissa Upton

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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Naturalist Valerie Troxell of Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center identified a fish living
in the seagrass of Lemon Bay.

Photo by Valerie Troxell

Merv and Joy Bilbrey, in historic Punta Gorda, are proud owners of th 100 certified 
'Florida Yard' in Charlotte County.

Photo by David Moldal

Participants investigate eusuarine plant and animal life during the Charlotte Harbor Environmental
Center's seagrass education project in Lemon Bay.

Photo by David Moldal



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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Photo right:  'Treasures of the Sea' tours allow people to learn more about the beach
ecosystem and wildlife.

Photo middle:  The 'Treasures of the Sea' group meets for their walking tour at the 
Connecticut Street beach access point on Fort Myers Beach.

Photo by Saul Taffet

Photo by Helen Caldwell

Another 'Florida Yard' is inspected for certification as part of the Charlotte
Harbor Environmental Center's Florida Yards and Neighborhoods Program.

Photo by Valerie Troxell



85



                                                                                                      

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH

PROJECT NAME			PROJECT PARTNER		OTHER CONTRIBUTORS

									Southwest Florida Water
									Management District;
Peace/Myakka River Water	Charlotte Harbor		Peace River/Manasota Regional
Quality Monitoring Project	Environmental Center	Water Supply Authority;
									Florida Department of Environmental
									Protection

Charlotte Harbor Estuaries	Department of		Charlotte Harbor
Volunteer Water Quality		Environmental ProtectionEnvironmental Center, Inc.

Causes of Light Attenuation	Mote Marine Laboratory	Southwest Florida Water 
with Respect to Seagrasses					Management District
in Lower Charlotte Harbor

Matlacha Pass			Center for Systematics
Benthic Survey			and Taxonomy

The Charlotte			Mote Marine Laboratory	South and Southwest Florida
Harbour Symposium							Water Management Districts;
									Central and Southwest Florida
									Regional Planning Councils

Lake Mariana			Polk County Natural
Impreovement Project		Resources and Drainage

Tidal Caloosahatchee River	Center for Systematics
Benthic Survery			and Taxonomy

Rapid Bioassessment		Florida Gulf
Program for Estero Bay		Coast University



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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH

Florida Gulf Coast University researcher Win Everham records water quality, wildlife, and
habitat data during development of the Estero Bay rapid bioassessment protocol.

Photo by John Cassani

Researcher David Ceilley and John Cassani measure dissolved oxygen, salinity, and other water
quality parameters at a monitoring station on the Estero River.

Photo by David Moldal

Researchers John Cassani and Greg Tolley assess water quality in the Estero River during the
development of the Estero Bay rapid bioassessment protocol.

Photo by David Moldal



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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH

Cathy Valenti measures dissolved oxygen in the early morning hours as part of the Charlotte
Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Network.

Photo by David Moldal

Photo by David Moldal

Collecting a water sample at the Matlacha Pass station as part of the Volunteer Water
Quality Monitoring Network.

Photo courtesy of Mote Marine Laboratory

Kellie Dixon, a scientist at Mote Marine Laboratory, was one of the researchers involved
with the seagrass study.  



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ECOSYSTEM MONITORING AND RESEARCH

Photo by David Moldal

Resource Manager Hong Nguyen inspects a stormwater quality sampling device as part of the 
Lake Mariana Improvement Project in Polk County.

Photo by David Moldal

Automated stormwater sampling equipment collecting water samlpes as a component of the Lake 
Mariana Improvement Project in Polk County.

Photo by David Moldal

Resource Manager Corey Franklin inspects an atmospheric deposition monitoring and
stormwater sampling station to characterize total pollutant loading to Lake Mariana.



89




                       GSarfoae NarSor Xalional'(%fuary 5@wyram                                 _N ---
                       Drall Gomppeh@njme Conrervabon andArana7emenl 5@n                           V--



                       ECOSYSTEM MONITORING ANDRESEARCH






















                                             Photo by David Uoldal                  Photo by Joy Duperault
                      Southwest Florida Water Management District staff collect water samples as part of the Peacel
                      Myakka Water Quality Monitoring Project.




                                                                                ;00-

















                                                                       Photo by David Moldal
                                 Southwest Florida Water Management District staffprepare a water
                                 samplefor transport to the laboratory.


                                                             01
                                                              For detailed project information, please see
                                                              the booklet "Early Action Demonstration
           90                                                 Projects in the Charlotte Harbor Watershed."


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QUANTIFIABL OBJECTIVES

"It would be good if we could preserve, for future generations, some sense of the 
natural beauty that attracted us to the Charlotte Harbor region"-Glenn Heath, TAC member.

A series of prectical and technically defensible quantifiable objectives have 
been developed to address each of the three Charlotte Harbor NEP priority
problems and the program goals.  The development of appropriate quanit-
fiable objectives supports the goals for preervation, restoration, and enhancement
of the natural resources of the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area.  The quantifiable
objectives evolved through an extended series of workshops during which issues, 
goals, and priority problems were discussed.  Public comment on local environ-
mental priorities was used to define these measures.  Ballots and rankings by com-
mitee members led to the formation and refinement of each of the proposed quan-
tifiable objectives.

The identification of quantifiable objectives is a critical step in the NEP process.  
Without specific quantifiable objectives it would be difficult, if not impossible, to
gauge the future success or failure of subsequent management activities initiated
throughout the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area.  Each quantifiable objective is
technically sound defensible objective, and able to be assessed utilizing either existing
or future monitoring programs.  In addition, the quantifiable objectives address the specific
major resource issue(s) that have not been identified within the Charlotte Harbor NEP study
area.  The development of quantifiable objectives adds to both the technical foundation of 
the CCMP, as well as establishes the direction of future management action.

Photo by Melissa Upton

Pam Latham moderates a discussion of quantifiable objectives at a workshop in Fort Myers.



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HYDROLOGIC ALTERATIONS
QUANTIFIABLE OBJECTIVES

The following four quantifiable objectives were established to address specific prob-
lems associated with hydrologic alterations (HA) that have occurred within the Char-
lote Harbor NEP study area.

HA-1:  Establish values for minimum seasonal flows beginning with the 
Myakka River at State Road 72 and for Big Slough; the Peace
River at Bartow, Zolfo Springs, and Arcadia; and for the tributaries
Horse Creek, Joshua Creek, Shell Creek, and the lower Peace River/
upper estuary by the year 2005.  Achieve these minimums seasonal
flows by the year 2020.

HA-2:  Identify, establish, and maintain a more natural seasonal
variation (annual hydrograph) in freshwater flows by the year 2010
for:

1.  Caloosahatchee River,
2.  Upper Peace River and its tributaries from Tenoroc to Zolfo
Springs; and
3.  the Upper Myakka River (with special attention to Flatford
Swamp).

HA-3.  Restore, enhance, and improve where practical historic
subbasin boundaries and natural hydrology for basins within th
Charlotte Harbor NEP study area, with special attention to Outstand-
ing Florida Waters, Class I waterbodies, and tributaries to Estero
Bay by the year 2020.

Citizen and Technical Advisory Committee member edit the quantifiable objectives at a
workshop in Port Charlotte.

Photo by David Moldal



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HA-4:  Enhance and improve by the year 2020 to more natural hy-
drologic conditions waterbodies affected by artificially created struc-
tures throughout the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area beginning
with:

1.  the Sanibel Causeway,
2.  Myakka River;
	1) the weir below Upper Myakka Lake;
	2) the crossing below I Lower Myakka Lake;
	3) Down's Dam;
3.  the causeway between Lover's Key State Recreation Area and 
Bonita Beach;
4.  the water control structure on the south end of Lake Hancock;
5.  the structure on Coral Cree; and
6.  the Gator Slough canal collector system (Lee and Charlotte Counties).

Industry along an estuary

Artwork by Victor McGuire



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WATER QUALITY DEGRADATION
QUANTIFIABLE OBJECTIVES

The following seven quantifiable objectives were established to address specific
problems associated  with water quality (WQ) degradation.

WQ-1:  Identify those waterbodies that do not meet their desig-
natd water quality standards, and develop a plan during the year
2000 to meet those standards.

WQ-2:  Develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for the 
basins in the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area by the year 2005.

WQ-3:  Identify specific actions and develop timetables for achiev-
ing TMDSs by the year 2010.

WQ-4:  Achieve water quality that will meet shellfish harvesting
standards throughout the Class II waters of the Charlotte Harbor
NEP stud area by the year 2015.

WQ-5:  Restore and maintain Lake Hancock to Class III water
quality standards (or better) and improve the Trophic State Index
(TSI) value for the water exiting the lake from "poor" to "good"
by the year 2010.

WQ6:  Meet or exceed designated water quality standards through-
out basin of the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area by the yar
2015 with possible exceptions for natural  and/or site-specific con-
ditions.

WQ-7:  Identify waterbodies in the Charlotte Harbor NEP study
area that should be designated as Outstanding Florida Waters and
support the establishment of that designation during the year 2000.



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QUANTIFIABLE OBJECTIVES

The following four Quantifiable Objectives were established to address regional
problems associated with fish and wildlife (FW) habitat loss.

FW-1:  Achieve a 25% increase in conservation, preservation, and
sewardship lands within the boundaries of the Charlotte Harbor
NEW study area by the year 2018.  The increase will be based upon
1998 acreages of existing conservation, preservation, and stew-
ardship lands.

FW-2:  Meet the stated objectives for the target extent, location,
and quality of the following habitats in the Charlotte Harbor NEPL
study area:

a) native submerged aquatic vegetation should be maintained
and restored at a total extent and quality no less than caused
by natural variation;
b)  maintain the existing extent and location within range of natu-
ral variablitiy of intertidal un-vegetated habitats (especially
mud flats and salt terns) and improve the habitat quality;
c) manage natural mangrove habitat to their historic extent
(1980) to enhance and impreove their ecological functions
and, where feasible, restore mangrove habitats in urban ar-
eas;
d)  restore and maintain saltwater marsh habitats where fea-
sible (e.g. public lands or undeveloped areas) and prevent
loss or conversion of existing salt marsh habitats;
e) restore, maintain, and manage freshwater wetland systems
in current extents and to a quality capable of maintaining all
natural functions within the range or natural variability;
f)  restore, manage, and impreove the habitat quality of oyster
bars in the Charlotte Harbor NEP area based on the exist-
ing historic data; and
g)  protect, enhance, restore native upland communitie vital to
the ecological function of the Charlotte Harbor NEP study
area.



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FW-3:  Reduce propeller damage to seagrass beds, identified from
the 1992-1993 baseline data, within the Charlotte Harbor NEP
area by the year 2010.  Reduce all severely scarred areas to light
scarring and reduce 79% or more of the moderately scarred areas
to light scarring.

FW-4:  On conservation, preservation, stewardship, and other
public lands achieve controllable levels of invasive exotic plants as
defined by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council by the year 2020.
Encourage and support the removeal and management of invasive 
exotic plants on private lands.

These quantifiable objectives were used to develop the priority actions for this
management plan, which are discussed in the next chapter.  All of these objectives
are measurable and have an ambitious timeline to provide incentive for action.
Over time, our progress will be measured against these quantifiable objectives.

Bay anchovies

Artwork by Victor McGuire

For more information, refer to the "Framework for Action" by the Charlotte Harbor NEP.



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PRIORITY ACTIONS AND RELATED PROJECTS

"Because of the intensity of the program over the three years 
of work--all of the meetings, workshops, demonstration
projects, and activities--my eyes were opened to the needs of
the entire watershed.  I was transported from my very coastal
perspective (perhaps on the wings of the osprey in the 
poster!) to a new awareness of the people and communities
who love the harbor from its origins upriver.  This is so
important for the future, for our capacity to work together
as we manage and protect our natural systems."
-Joy Duperault, CAC member

Priority actions define the necessary management activities to attain the
quantifiable objectives.  Most of the quantifiable objectives are broad aims
that require man individual tasks to be accomplished.  Therefore, the prior-
ity actions detail these tasks and key information about how they might be carried
out.  The priority actions included in this chapter were written by the management
conference through a series of workshops and retreats.  The actions are grouped into
three priority problem areas:  hydrologic alterations (HA), water quality degra-
dation (WQ), and fish and wildlife habitat loss (FW).  Each priority aciton de-
scribes the key elements of management actio including:

Priority Action Statement-The priority action begins with a brief statement of
the action.

Background-This section provides background information about the priority
action, how it will satisfy its quantifiable objective, and the rationale for its
implementation.  The background may include a history of the priority prob-
lem, a description of how the priority action will fit with past or ongoing man-
agement activities, and how the priority action will achieve the objectives.



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Quantifiable Objective - In this segment, the quantifiable objectives to which
th priority action is related are listed.  Many of the priority actions address
more than one quantifiable objective.

Areas for Implementation - This category describes where the priority action
will be implemented.  The locations (watersheds, jurisdictions, or specific loca-
tions)within the study area where the priority action will be most applicable are
identified.  The location also helps identify the most appropriate responsible
agencies and organizations.

Strategy - A strategy for implementing the priority action is detailed.  Some of
the strategies are complex with many components; others are fairly simple.

Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizatioins - A listing of the potential
parties for implementing each priority action is included.  These groups could included
government agencies (local, regional, state, or federal), not for profit
groups, private organizations, industry, or other private interests.  Each listed
organization may play a role in only one part of the strategy or region.

Expected Benefits - The expected benefits derived from each priority action are
explicity stated.  In addition, an acknowledgment of potential drawbacks are
also included.  All possible outcomes and the implications of each priority ac-
tion need to be understood by those who may become responsible for their imple-
mentation.  Identifying potential drawbacks will minimize both future conflicts
and failures.

Monitoring Response - A means of monitoring the success of each priority
action is identified allow a future gauge of the action's effectiveness and ben-
efits.

Preliminary Implementation Projects - A list of the related implementation
projects (detailed in Volume 2) and their key agency are listed.

Our success in carrying out each of these priority actions will be measured and
tracked.  To achieve complete implementation of these actions, more projects, in
addition to the ones lised, will be needed.  Therefore, the region's management
activities will require consistent measurement and evaluation as the benefits are
realized and projects are completed.  All of the priority actions describe timely,
needed management actions to fulfill the goals of the Comprehensive Conservation
and Management Plan.



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HA-A:  Establish and implement minimum flows for tributaries as
detailed in the quantifiable objective.  Determine maximum cumulative
withdrawals.

Background
The state legislature has required the water management districts to establish mini-
mum flows and levels for all surface waters.  The water management districts should
make this a priority activity for surface waters including those that have undergone
significant hydtrologic alteration or may be impacted by proposed projects.

Quantifiable Objctive - HA - 1

Areas for Implementation-
1) the Myakka River and Big Slough at State Road 73;
2) the Peace River at: a) Bartow, b) Zolfo Springs, and c) Arcadia;
3) the Peace River tributaries: a) Horse Creek and b) Joshua Creek; and
4) the Caloosahatchee River.

Strategy
1) Develop a priority for the establishment of minimum flows based on:
	*existing documented impacts; and
	the potential for hydrologic impacts that might be associated with
	proposed projects.
2)  Conduct the necessary research to establish minimum flows on a 
	*basin-wide approach for the preceeding areas.  Evaluate flows in
	conjunction with both environmental and water supply needs
	through the following methods:
	*Develop better surface water/groundwater model parameters
	(discharge, seepage, and water level data) through analysis and
	processing of field data and statistical techniques for the Peace and
	Myakka River basins; and
	*Expand the groundwater and surface water monitoring networks to
	monitor groundwater levels and surface water stages at selected
	wells in the Peace and Myakka Rivers basins.
3)  Detail the maximum amount of cumulative withdrawals possible
based upon the minimum flows established, for the tributaries and
rivers in the Peace and Myakka River watersheds.



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4)  Encourage the proper treatment and discharge and/or re-use of waste
water effluent instead of deep-well injection to help maintain mini-
mum flows.

Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
Southwest Florida Water Management District
U.S. Geological Survey

Expected Benefits
Established protective criteria for surface waters to prevent future overuse and allow
for long-term planning of regional needs and sources, as well as maintain and re-
charge surficial aquifers.

Monitoring Response
Measure rainfall and flow data for major watersheds within the Charlotte Harbor
NEP

Preliminary Implementation Projects
	City of Punta Gorda
		Punta Gorda Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project
	Peace River/Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority
		Pease River Regional Water Supply Facility Water Use Permit
			Renewal Project
	Polk County
		Polk County Extension Water School
	South Florida Water Management District
		Caloosahatchee Water Management Plan
	Southwest Florida Water Management District
		1998 Minimum Flows and Levels (MFL) Priority List And
			Schedule
		Southern Water Use Caution Area (SWUCA)
	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
		Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
		Coastal Nonpoint Program
	U.S. Geological Survey
		Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring Network
		Stormwater Runoff Effects onTributary Flows into Estero Bay
		Support of Planning Model Development in the Caloosahatchee
			River Basin



100



                                                                                        






                                                  jive Gonjervaiion and_Wana@@oni 51@6




                  HA-B: 'Identify gaps in flow'data'based on ecosystem needs and pro-
                 jected needs for water withdrawals due to, population growth, develop-
                  ment, agriculture, and mining.- Implement data collection to address
                  these gaps.


                -Background
                To document changes in surface- water flows and patterns due to hydrologic alter-
                ations, it is important that accurate, long-term data bases be dexeloped for all basins
               ..'and watersheds 'within the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area. While many areas
                within the NEP have extensive historical flow records, other areas lag@ this historic
                record. Accurate data will also be needed to a@ses's the effectiveness of the Actio* n
                Plans.


                Quantifiable Objective HA-1, HA-2,

                Areas for Implementation - Watersheds within the Charlotte Harbor NEP study-
                area currently. without sufficient. accurate measurements of rainfall arid gauged sur-
                face flows.


                Strategy
                      1) Identify basins and sub-basins Where there is insufficient watershed
                         flow data to accurately assess seasonal and long-term chan
                                                                    gesin
                         water resources.,
                      12) Determine the minimum number and ap'ropriat& locations of needed
                                                      p
                         gauges.
                      3) Install appropriate mopitorin
                                              g gauges.
                      4) Integrate with stormwater utility programs.
                      5) Collect information and analy'ze effects that stormwater runoff has, on
                         flow''characteristicsof tributaries (already being planned for Estero
                         'Bay,tributaries).
                      6) Monitor surface water sta@ an
                                            @s, d monitor groundwater levels in.the
                         Peace and Myakka basins.
                      7) Till in data. gaps on flow and salinity patterns to support the develop-
                         ment and implementation of hydrodynamic mo'dels,as planned in.
                         Charlotte and Lee Counties'and as needed in Sarasota and Charlotte
                         Counties.,
                      8@ E@pand the "i@_ontinuous Surface Water Level Monitoring" to monitor
                         surface water levels into the South Florida Water Management District
                         region.




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	9)  Encourage the development and implementation of local government
	"Stromwater Management Plans" to improve the timing of water
	flows reaching natural waterbodies.
	10)  The Charlotte Harbor NEP and its partners should participate in the
	feasibility study and implementation activities for the Central and
	South Florida Restudy, the Caloosahatchee Water Management Plan;
	and the Lower West Coast Water Supply Plan as those efforts will be
	measuring and managing flows in the Caloosahatchee River.

Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
County and Municipal Governments
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
U.S. Geological Service
Water Supply Authorities
Water Management Districts

Expected Benefits
Action will provide accurate, long-term information on amounts and variability of
surface water resources and provide a basis for planning.  Identifying gaps in flow
data will provide a scientific basis for the establishment of minimum flows and
assess future changes related to projected development and consumption uses.

Monitoring Response
As specified in the action above.

Preliminary Implementation Projects
	Charlotte County
		Charlotte County Stormwater Master Plan
		Development Review Process
	City of Punta Gorda
		Punta Gorda Aquifier Storage and Recovery Project
	City of Venice
		Venice Stormwater Management
	Florida Department of Environmental Protection
		Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring
			Network (CHEVWQMN)
		Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting (Regulatory)
		Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program)
		Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation

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Lee County
	Hydrologic Data Network
Polk County
	Polk County Volunteer Rainfall Monitoring Program
	Polk County Extension Water School
Sarasota County
	Myakka River Floodplain Study
South Florida Water Management District
	Caloosahatchee Water Management Plan
	Lower West Coast Water Supply Plan
Southwest Florida Water Management District
	Continuous Surface Water Level Monitoring Using the Southwest
		Florida Water Management District's Supervisory Control
		and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
	Central and Southern Flood Control Restudy
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
	Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
U.S. Geological Survey
	Flow and Salinity Patterns at Selected Pointts Within Estuaries of
		the Charlotte Harbory NEP Study Area
	Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring Networks
	Stormwater Runoff Effects on Tributary Flows Into Estero Bay
	Support of Planning Model Development in the Caloosahatchee
		River Basin.



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                                                                                                        92q1 96q0,00q3
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HA-C:  Evaluate the interaction between groundwater and surface
water and how they contribute to overall river flows.

Background
There is general agreement that in many areas of the Charlotte Harbor NEP long-
term changes in surfact water flows have resulted from hydrologic alterations in
groundwater levels.  The importance of these interactions and magnitude of such
potential alterations need to be documented throughout the NEP study area.

Quantifiable Objective - HA-1, HA-2, HA-3

Areas for Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

Strategy
	1) Determine the goals to be derived from scientific investigations of the
	interactions of groundwaters and surface waters in areas:  a) currently
	thought to have significant anthropogenic impacts; b) areas thought to
	have the highest potential for future impacts.
	2)  Design long-term studies to assess the relative magnitudes of human
	and natural variability.
	3)  Implement long-term monitoring programs.
	4)  Using the MIKE-SHE surface water/groundwater model as an ex-
	ample, perform similar anylyses to the Estero Bay bsin and portions
	of the study area in the Southwest Florida Water Management District.
	5)  Conduct local monitoring and modeling of surface/ground water-
	relationships necessary to provide historical data to the permit review
	process.

Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
U.S. Geological Survey
Water Management Districts

Expected Benefits
Accurate knowledge of the interactions and relationships between groundwater and
surface water resources and the magnitude of changes caused by growth.

Monitoring Response
As detailed in the strategy above.



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Preliminary Implementation Projects
	City of Sanibel
		Sanibel Island Surface Water Management Plan
	Florida Department of Environmental Protection
		Mandatory Phosphate Relclamation & Permitting (Regulatory)
		Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program)
		Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation
	Lee County
		Hydrologic Data Network
	Polk County
		Polk County Extension Water School
		Polk County Volunteer Rainfall Monitoring Program
	South Florida Water Management District
		MIKE-SHE for MOdeling Surface and Groundwater Interactions
	South Florida Water Management Districe
		Continuous Surface water Level Monitoring Using the Southwest
			Florida Water Management District's Supervisory Control
			and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System
		Ongoing Efforts to Restore the Hydrology of the Upper Myakka
			River Watershed
		Southern Water Use Caution Area (SWUCA)
	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
		Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
	U.S. Geological Survery
		Delineation of Saltwater Intrusion in Lee and Collier Counties
		Real-Time Ground Water Monitoring Sub-Network
		Support of Planning Model Development in the Caloosahatchee
			River Basin



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                      HA-D:- Encourage efficient use and reuse of water.,


                    Background
                    The issue of sufficient freshwater supplies will increase as a result of the projected
                    development in southwest Florida. As a result, the efficient use and reuse of water
                    should be a key planning element at the local, regional, and state levels.

                    Quantifiable Objective - HA 1; HA-2

                    Areas for Implementation- - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

                    Strategy
                           1) Encourage Best Management Practices (BMPs) for usage of surface and
                                                                                                       C
                              groundwaters by urban, agricultural, and industrial users. 
                           2) -Develop economic incentives to encourage water re-use programs
                              wherever possible.
                          .3) Encourage advancedwaater treatment and re-use and/or return
                              rather than deep well injection.
                           4) Encourage progressive rate structures. to facilitate the efficient use of
                              watee.
                           5) Enhance existing education programs designed to inform and promote
                              public awareness as to the importance of efficient* water use.
                           6) Investigate unincorporated areas -that may benefit. from water and
                              sewer, identify- options for providing such services, and study the
                              feaibility,of setting up-such services in areas where services are not
                              already supplied.
                           7) Use rebates or other incentives to encourag  the retrofitting of pre"-.
                              1992 irrigation systems with a sensor to interrupt irrigation whenrain
                              or moisture is present.

                    Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                    Institute of Food and-Agricultural Science's (IFAS)/Cooperative Extension Service
                    County,and Municipal Governments
                              artment of Environmental Pr tecti
                    Florida Dep,                        0    on
                    Public and- Private Utilities
                    Water Management Districts

                                                                       
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                   Expected Benefits
                   Reduced demands on all surface afraid groundwater resources for projected growth.

                   Monitoring Response
                   Development of accurate methods to track both consumption and re-use of water

                   resources.


                   Preliminary Implementation Projects
                          Charlotte County-
                                Encourage Efficient Use and Reuse of Water
                                Environmental Information Center (EIC)-
                          Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                Reclaimed Water Education in Charlotte County
                          City of Cape Coral
                                Cape Coral Dual Water System
                          City of.Punta Gorda
                                City of Punta Gorda Irrigation Sensor Rebate Program
                          City of Venice                                                          
                                
                                  Venice Wastewater Reuse
                          Florida Department of' Environmental Protection
                                Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting (Regulatory)
                                Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program)_
                                Public Education Programs
                                Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation
                                Team- Permitting - Net Ecosystem Benefit Planning and Permitting
                                Process
                          Hardee County
                                Hardee County Water and Sewer Study
                                Manatee County Planning Department
                          Natural Resources Conservation -Service
                                Conservation Financial Assistance
                                Conservation Technical Assistance
                          Peace River / Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority
                                Peace River Water Authorities Water Conservation Public Outreach
                                       and Education Program
                          Polk County
                                Polk County ExtensionWater School
                          Sarasota County
                                Identify Reuse Customers





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                             South Florida Water Management District
                                    Alternative Water Supply Funding Program
                                    Caloosahatchee Water Management Plan
                             Southwest Florida Water Management,' District
                                                                             of the Upper Myakka
                                    Ongoing forts to, Restore the Hydrolog
                                            River Watershed-
                                    Southwest Florida Water Management District's Reuse Program
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                    Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                             U.S.., Geological Survey
                                    Deliheation,of Saltwater Intrusion in Lee and Collier Counties'
                                    Effects- of Pumpage and. Seasonal Stresses on the Saltwater
                                            Interface in the Lower Tamiami Aquifer near Bonita
                                            Springs, Florida
                                    Real Time GroundWater Monitoring Sub-Network
                                    Support of Planning Model Development. in -the Caloosahatchee.
                                            River Basin
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					HA-E:  Discourage deep-well injection of wastewater effluent in favor
                            of advanced wastewater treatment of surface water discharges that
                            are compatible with the water quality of the receiving waters, an&
                            encourage appr     opriate reuse alternatives.



                         Background
                         The -issue 0f freshwater suppliles will continue to increase as   a result 'of the projected'
                         development in southwest Florida. As a result, the efficient use and reuse of water
                         should be made a key planning element, at,the local, regional, and state levels, Deep-,
                         well injection was seen  as short sighted and last-resort alternative in comparison
                         to advanced wastewater treatment to.appropriate water quality standards compatible
                         with the water quality requirements of the receiving waters and/or Appropriate reuse
                         alter  natives.


                         Quantifiable Objective - HA-1, HA-2

                         Areas for Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

                         Strategy
                                  1)  Develop interagency task force(Water Management Districts, Florida
                                      Department of Environmental Protection,U.S. Environmental Protec
                                      tion Agency etc. review- conflicts in current permitting       quire
                                      ments.
                                 2)   Establish site-specific. criteria for nut fient discharges to receiving
                                    -,waters based both on their characteristics and on Total Daily Maximum
                                      Daily Loads (TMDLs).
                                  3)  Provide economic incentives- to utilities to re-use and/or return appro-
                                      priately treated wastewater to surface waters.

                         Potential Responsible Agencies           Organizations                                
                         Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS)/Cooperative Extension, Service
                         County and Municipal Governments
                         Public and,Private Utilities
                         Water Management Districts

                         Expected benefits
                         Reduced demands on all surface and groundwater resources to provide for projected
                         -growth..
 

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                    Monitoring- Response
                    Site specific monitoring programs to assess and correct any problems associated
                    with changes in nutrient loadings.

                    Preliminary Implementation Projects
                           Charlotte County -
                                  Encourage Efficient Use and Reuse of Water
                           City of Cape Coral
                                  'Cape Coral Dual Water System
                           Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                  Southwest Florida Water Managrement Distinct's Reuse Program
                                                                
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section 32O National Estuary Program
 

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                           HA-F:   Re-establish, where practical, surface flows from sub-basins that
                          do not currently contribute to their historic hydrologic connections.



                       -Background,
                       There are regions, especially. within the upper Peace     River basin,   where'surface
                                                                                                                        
                       flows no longer contribute to the flows in their historic watersheds.   In some areas,
                       such hydrologic alterations have accounted for significant changes in both the amount
                       and seasonal characteristics of flows of the major tributaries within these subbasins.

                       Quantifiable Objective - HA-1, HA-2, HA-3, HA-4

                       Areas for Implementation -'The initial emphasis'should center on the upper
                       Peace  River basin


                       Strategy
                               1)  Assess and document changes in historic basins,caused by past and
                                   current alterations, including mining, ditChing, channelizing, dam-:
                                   ming, and other structural changes.
                               2)  Inventory stormwater systems and facilities.
                               3)  Promote projects that address freshwater runoff problems from canal
                                   systems.
                               4)  Evaluate plansto establish more natural surface water flows from
                                   historic subbasins.
                               5)  Encourage coordination between stormwater, utilities and,transporta-
                                   tion planning and projects'.
                               6)  Determine mechanisms to fund restoration projects (including property
                                   taxes to purchase environmentally sensitive lands to place in public.
                                   trust inorder to preserve natural hydrology).
                               7). Rank projects and, implement, as funds become available.
                               8)  Utilize the state's "Section 319-non-point source program" to imple-
                                   ment appropriate projects.

                       P0tential Responsible Agencies & Org anizations
                       County and*Municipal Governments
                       Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                       Mining Industry
                       Southwest Florida Water, Management District.

                       Expected benefits
                       Restore more natural surface water flows in the upper Peace River, basin.

                       Monitoring Response
                       Measure improvements in water quantity and quality changes.
 

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                      -Preliminary Implemental Projects
                               -Central Florida Regional Planning Council-
                                      Lake Hancock Restoration Project
                               Charlotte County-
                                      Hydrologic Restoration of Charlotte Harbor FlAtwoods- (Zemel
                                             Road Southwest Parcel)
                               Charlotte Harbor Environmental, C
                                                                     enter, Inc.
                                      Feasibility Study of Lemon Lake Restoration at, Amberjack Slough
                                      Partial Restoration Of Huckaby Creek, Phase.I
                               city- of Venice
                                      Hydroperiod Restoration
                               Florida Department Environmental Protection
                                                    of
                                      Greater Charlotte Harbor; Ecosystem Management Area Initiative
                                      Mandato Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting         (Regulatory)
                                          
                                      Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation '(Grants Program)
                                      Saddle Creek Restoration and-,Alternative Mitigation
                                      'Six Mile Creek Watershed Restoration
						Team Permitting - Net Ecostystem Benefit Planning and 
						Permitting Process
                               Lee County
                                      Stormwater System- Inventory
                                      -Lee County Conservation Land Acquisition and Stewardship
                                             Committee (CLASAC)-
                               Polk-County
                                      Eagle Lake/Millsite Regional Drainage Project
                                      Lake Parker/Saddle Creek - Regional Drainage Project..
                                      Peace Creek Canal/Wahneta - Regional Drainage, System.
                                             Enhancement
                                      Polk County Aquatic Weed- Control Program
                                        C
                               Sarasota County,_
                                                                                             -nit-
                                      T. Mabry Carlton, Jr. Memorial -Reserve Water Use Pen
                                             Monitoring Program
                               South Florida Water Management District
                                      Caloosahatcee Water Management Plan
                               Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                    ..-Surface Water Improvement And Management (SWIM) Program
                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                      Coastal Nonpoint -Program
                                      Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program.-
                                      Nonpoint Source Program
                               U.S. Geological -Survey-
                                      Storm-Water Runoff Effects on Tributary flows Into Estero Bay
                                      Support of Planning Model Development in the Caloosahatche
                                             River Basin
 



Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                         IIA-G:  Plug abandoned groundwater wells to improve groundwater
                        quality, increase water levels, and promote water conservation.



                      Background
                      There are  a number of abandoned agriculture wells within the Charlotte Harbor -
                      NEP study area; Some of these, wells although once capped are- now free flowing,
                      while the casings of other wells have failed providing direct connections to ground-
                      water layers of different quality. The water management districts have conducted
                      programs to Ideal with these problems. However, a greater emphas   Iis should be given
                      to these programs, and standards for futu re well abandonments should be strength
                      ened.


                      Quantifiable Objective, - HA-1, HA72, HA-3

                      Areas for Implementation - Entire Charlotte -Harbor NEP study area'

                      Strategy
                             1)  Develop and /or support programs to identify and plug abandoned
                                  groundwater wells.
                             -2)  Expand the Quality of Water Improvement Program (QWIP) into the
                                  South Florida Water-Management District portion of the study area.
                             3)   Support coordination among counties, cities, and Water management
                                  districts to identify leaking wells and examine strategies for
                                  groundwater recovery.

                      Potential Responsible Agencies &,Organizations
                      County and Municipal Governments
                      Water Management Districts

                      Expected, Benefits
                      Reduced loss of groundwater resources through direct loss and mixing        of lower
                      grade 'waters.,

                      Monitoring Response'-,
                      As detailed in the strategy above.

                      Preliminary Implementation Projects
                             City of Venice.-
                                    'Venice Well Plugging -
                             Southwest Florida Water ManagementDistrict
                                     Quality of Water Improvement Program (QWIP)
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                                 113
                                     Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
 



Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                             HA_H:    Where possible (practical), restore groundwater levels to
                             historic seasonal mean levels.



                          Background
                          There are areas within the Charlotte Harbor NEP where groundwater levels -have
                          severely- declined due to the historic overuse of groundwater for mining,           agricul-
                          tural, and public supplies. In specific-, areas this overuse has resulted in -declines in
                          both wetland habitats, as well as surface water flows that are seasonally dependent-
                          on-groundwater Contributions. Efforts should be made to restore groundwater lev-
                          els to the greatest extent practical to mitigate for these past hydrologic impacts.

                          Quantifiable Objective - HA-1, HA-2, HA-3

                          Areas/ for Implementation -      Initial primary emphasis would be in the uppper
                          Peace River basin


                          
                            Strategy
                                  1)  Identify  and document areas "of greatest long-term changes in ground
                                      water levels.
                                  2)  Identify potential causes and relative contributions'.
                                  3) Determine potential for restoration of groundwater levels,and the
                                      relative, effectiveness of proposed actions.
                                  4)  Implement long-term restoration'plan.
                                  5)  Encourage alternative water sources in place of groundwater with
                                      drawal.
                                  6) Encourage conservation and preservation of groundwater, recharge

                                      areas.


                          Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                          Agricultural Industry
                          County and Municipal- Governments
                          County and Municipal Departments of Education
                          Mining Industry
                          U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
                          Water Management Districts-

                          Expected benefis
                          Restoration of wetlands and increased surface water flows in specific areas.




              114


Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
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                   Monitoring Response
                   Measure groundwater levels and -surface water flows.

                   Preliminary Implementation Projects
                         Charlotte County
                                Hydrologic Restoration of Charlotte Harbor Flatwoods (Zemel
                                       Road Southwest Parcel)
                         Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                Greater Charlotte Harbor Ecosystem Management Area Initiative
                                Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting (Regulatory)
                                Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program)
                                Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation
                         Lee -County
                                Hydrologic Data Network
                         Manatee County
                                      Mantee Government Access TV (MGATV) Public Service
                                Manat
                                       Announcements
                         Polk County
                                Polk County Extension- Water School
                         Sarasota County
                                T. Mabry Carlton, Jr. Memorial Reserve Water Use Permit
                                       Monitoring Program
                         Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                Southern Water Use Cautioh Area (SWUCA)
                         U.-S. Army Corps of Engineers
                                Central and,Southern Flood Control Restudy
                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -
                                Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                         U.S. Geological Survey
                                Effects of Pumpage and Seasonal Stresses on the Saltwater
                                       Interface in the Lower Reai-Time. Ground-Water
                                       Monitoring Sub-Network in the Tamiami Aquifer near
                                       Bonita Springs, Florida
 


Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                          HA-I/HA-J/HA-K:        Create and implement an overall public informa-
                          tion, program including: 1) puiblic service announcements and videos;
                          2) portable displays and 3) educational materials- to educate the public
                          about water resourc   e issues, water conservation, and water use.      Ex-
                          plain the importance of maintaining minimum freshwater flows in
                          tributaries and to the estuarine complex.
                      
                       Background
                       An-import function of the NEP should be to coordinate a working group to promote
                       the develo
                                  pment and distribution of public service announcements. Education ma-
                       terials should emphasize the importance of maintaining minimum freshwater flows,
                       -with regards to riverine habitats as well as sustaining estuarine production.. Addi-
                       tional water resource issues and the need for water conservation and reuse should
                       be based on the Charlotte- County Metropolitan 'Planning Organization build-out
                       scenario process. Portable displays should be created that could be placed in -public'
                       areas  including schools,. churches , county administrative buildings, -malls, etc.

                       Quantifiable Objective - HA-1, HA-2,HA-.3, HA-4

                       Areas for Implementation - entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

                       Strategy
                                                                                             
                               1)  Coordinate survey research by the working group to identify:
                                    public perceptions. of freshwater flows, water resource issues, and
                                       water conservation;
                                       areas where the public is generally interested; and
                                    those areas where specific.knowledge is generally limited concern
                                       ing-the issues surrounding water use and the.importance of main
                                       taining adequate freshwater flows- in- riverine and estuarine sys-
                                       tems.
                               2)  Based- on these results-, develop the above methods to increase the
                                   ready availability of unbiased information and level of  current knowl-
                                   edge utilizing appropriate build-out models for urban service areas,and
                                   platted lands throughout the NEP watershed. The methods should
                                   highlight the NEP's efforts to establish, enhance, and maintain mini-
                                   mum seasonal flows in each,of the major basins, and water resource
                                   issues. The methods should clearly indicate the benefits to the public
                                   that will-result from suchefforts and hoW they-can help  participate.
                                                                                         

116
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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                            3)  Identify a focal point within each of the NEP basins to be, responsible
                                for identifying target groups and carrying out the program.
                            4)  Make sure that local-and state governmental representatives are SUP7
                                plied information, and involved in the program.
                            5)  Utilize the county Master Gardeners programs and the Florida Yards &
                                Neighborhoods programs to promote public awareness of water-re-

                                source issues.
                            6) Make use of existing public service announcements and government
                                access television channels to promote public education.
                            7)  Develop both a comprehensive video and a speaker's presentation that
                                can be,presented to interested public groups and schools.
                            8)  Utilize appropriate existing educational materials developed for Senior
                                High School 4-H students by the state university system.

                     Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                     County and Municipal Governmens
                     Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                     Florida Coastal Management Program
                     Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                     Florida Gulf Coast University Industry
                     Local School Districts
                     Metropolitan Planning Organizations.
                     Regional Planning Councils'
                     Regional Water Sup
                                        ,ply Authorities
                     U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     University of Florida Sea Grant
                     Water Management Districts

                     Expected Benefits,
                     Increased public, awareness-of issues and benefits to, be derived from,restoring and
                     maintaining adequate surface water flows.

                     Monitoring Response
                     Measure the effectivness of promotion and public education programs by a "before
                     and after" constructed survey.
 

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

				Preliminary Implementation Projects
                             Charlotte County
                                     Charlotte County's -Speaker Bureau Program
                                     East Spring Lake
                                     Environmental Information- Center (EIC)
                             Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                     Water Use Education
                                     Freshwater Flow' Education
                                     Freshwater Flow Exhibits
                             City of Venice'
                                     City of 'Venice Public Information and Education
                             Florida Department of Environmental;Protection
                                     Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality Monitoning
                                     Network (CHEV0WQMN)
                                     Charlotte Harbor State Buffer Preserve Public Education
                                     Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting (Regulatory)
                                     Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program)'
                                     Saddle Creek Restoration Alternative Mitigation
                                     Coastal Management Workshops
                             Peace River /'Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority
                                     Captiva Cruises Partnerships
						 Peace River Water Authority Water Conservation Public Outreach
                                            and Education Program
                             Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation, Inc.
                                     Captiva Cruises Partnerships
                                     Resident Environmental Orientation
                                     Realtors' Environmental - Orientation
                                     Realtor Education Workshop
                             Sarasota County
                                     Resource Conservation. Program
                             Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                     Communications Program
                             U.S. Environmental Protection, Agency:
                                     Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
 


Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                          HA-L:    Implement the recommendations of the South Lee County Plan.



                       Background
                       The South Florida Water Management District has completed, (199 8) a thorough
                       -review of the hydrologic alterations of suface water flows that have occurred in the
                       Estero, Bay Watershed. This report contains a series, of recommendations to both
                       prevent future similar changes in.. surface flow patterns, as well as projects to miti-
                       gate some of the historic- alterations and diversions which have occurred.

                       Quantifiable Objective - HA-2, HA-3

                       Areas for Implementation,-      Southern Lee   County'

                       Strategy
                               1). Prioritize recommendations within the South Lee County Plan based
                                   on both need, and-degree to which substantial benefits can reasonably
                                   be expected for, defensible costs.
                               2)  Implement selected elements within the plan and assess resulting
                                   benefits.


                       Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                       Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                       Florida Department of Transportation
                       Lee -County
                       South Florida Water Management District
                       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

                       Expected Benefits
                       Improvement and mitigation of historic      hydrologic   alterations to the Estero Bay
                       Watershed.


                       -Monitoring Response,
                       Establish network of gauging stations to determine patterns and movement of sur-
                       facewaters.,









                                                                                                                       
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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                    Preliminary Implementation Projects
                            Lee County
                                   Hydrologic Data Network
                                   Kehl Canal Weir
                                   Lee County Conservation Land Acquisition and Stewardship
                                         Committee (CLASAC)
                                   Stormwater System Inventory
                           U. S. Army Corps of Engineers,
                                   Central and Southern Flood Control Restudy
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                   Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                   Nonpoint Source Program








        
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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
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                           HA-M:   Prevent -and/or reduce, to the greatest extent possible, future
                          hydrologic. impacts of transportation projects within the 'Charlotte
                          Harbor NEP and mitigate for past problems whenever possible.


                       Background 
                       Historically, many transportation projects within the Charlotte Harbor NEP study
                       area-have either blocked and/or diverted the patterns of surface water flows., By
                       comparison, the current design criteria,used during planning and construction of
                       local, state, and federal transportation 'projects' generally-account for and prevent
                       these previous problems. As transportation needs increase in response to the rapid,
                       rate of growth in southwest Florida, every effort should- be made to mitigate for past
                       hydrologic alterations as existing facilities are expanded and/or upgraded.
                       
				Quantifiable Objective - HA-3

                       Areas for Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

                       Strategy
                               1)  Make mitigation of any potential hydrologic.. alterations -a: key criterion
                                   for evaluation during any new roadway construction projects.
                               2) - Support mitigation of hydrologic alterations and impacts to water
                                   quality as, part of future roadway- improvement projects,
                               3)  Create A stormwater master'plan in areas where road drainage signifi-
                                   cantly affects Water flows.
                               4)  -Utilize 'appropriate Metropolitan Planning Organization. and Regional
                                   Planning Council build-out models for urban service area and platted
                                   lands throughout the NEI? watershed.
                               5)  Utilize the state's "Section 319 -non-point. source program" to ad-
                                   dress,problems created by past- transp'ortation projects.

                       Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                       County and Municipal Governments
                       Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                       Florida Department of Transportation
                       Metropolitan Planning Organizations
                       Regional'Planning Councils
                       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                       Water Management Districts
 


Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                      Expected benefits
                      A re-evaluation of the method's used in assessing past and future hydrologic alter-
                      ations that have or  could result from roadways and other transportation projects
                      within the Charlotte Harbor NEP


                      Monitoring Response
                      'Assess and hydrologic impacts due to transportation projects.'

                      Preliminary Implementation Projects
                             Charlotte County
                                    Development Review Process
                                    Land Use and Transportation Buildout Scenario
                                    Long Range Transportation Plan
                                    Myakka River Master Plan
                             Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                    Charlotte County Mitigation Sites
                             Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                    Greater Charlotte Harbor Ecosystern Management Area Initiative
                                                                                                                      
                             Lee County.
                                    Stormwater System Inventory
                             National, Marine Fisheries Service
                                    Fisheries Habitat Conservation Program,
                             Polk County
                                    Environmental Lands Acquisition Program In Polk County
                                    Protection of Wetlands, Floodplain, -and Land Preservation
                             Southwest Florida Water Management District

                                                                 
                                    Management of Transportation Project Impacts
                             U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
                                    Central and. Southern Flood Control Restudy
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                    Clean Water Act Section 320 Natipnal Estuary Program
                                    Coastal Nonpoint Proram
                                    Nonpoint Source Program
 

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                         HA-N:    Ensure Charlotte Harbor NEP's continued representation and
                         involvement in the reconnaissance and feasibility phases of the U.S.
                         Army Corps of Engineers' comprehensive restudy "of the Central and
                         South Florida Flood Control Project.


                       Background.
                       The U.S.. ArmyCorps of Engineers is      currently in the process   of undertaking   a
                       major restudy of its works and related issues in South Florida. It would be appropri-
                       ate for the NEP staff and members to be represented on the advisory group for the
                       reconnaissance study.

                       Quantifiable Objective - HA-2 7_HA-3

                       Areas for Implementation - Lee County'

                       Strategy
                               1)  Provide that members   of the review committees for. the U.S. Army
                                   Corps bf Engineers Central and South Florida restudy are aware of the
                                   concerns and proposed Actions, Plans in the Comprehensive
                                   Conservation -and Management, Plan.
                               2)  Include NEP members on the Restudy Committees to reView and
                                   evaluate results.


                       Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                       U.S. Environmental Protection- Agency,
                       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

                       Expected Benefits
                       Provisions for representatives 'of the-Charlotte Harbor NEP to be part of this proce'ss.

                       Preliminary Implementation Projects
                               U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
                                      Central and Southern Flood Control Restudy
                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                      Clean Water Act, Section 320 National Estuary Program
                               U.S. Geological Survey
                                      Flow and Salinity Patterns at Selected Points Within Estuaries of
                                              the Charlotte Harbor NEP Study Area -



                                                          123
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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

HA-O:  Support implementation of three-dimensional model studies to
determine potential hydrologic benefits of proposed alternative alter-
ations of the Sanibel Causeway during any reconstruction program.

Background
It has been proposed that the bridges to Sanebel be replaced.  As part of this replace-
ment, there have been suggestions that the causeways that were constructed as part
of the roadway when the current bridges were built either be removed or modified.
The primary reason for removing the causeways would be to restore the patterns of
circulatoin in San Carlos Bay and nearby waters to the conditions that existed be-
fore the causeways were constructed.  The use of a three dimensional (3-D) model
would help assess both the alterations caused by the existing causeways and any
proposed modifications.

Quantifiable Objective - HA-4

Areas for Implementation - Southern Pine Island Sound, San Carlos Bay, Estero
Bay

Strategy

Implement a three-dimensional model to determine that impacts of the
Sanibel causeway on the circulation and ecology of San Carlos Bay and
nearby waters.  In the bridge re-design, the circulation effects and the
model's analysis will be considered.

PLotential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
City of Sanibel
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
Lee County
South Florida Water Management District
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Coast Guard
U.S. Marine Fisheries Service
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Expected Benefits
Improvement of previous hydrologic alterations that results from replacement of
the causeway.  Accurate assessment of the potential for new significant unexpected
impacts caused by any propoed changes.



124

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
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                    Monitoring Response
                    Monitor changes in flows during construction to verify model results.

                    Preliminary Implementation Projects
                           South Florida Water Management District
                                   Three-dimensional Circulation Model
                           U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
                                   Central and Southern Flood Control Restudy
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                   Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                   Coastal Nonpoint Program
 


Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                         HA-P:    Evaluate potential alternatives to modification and/or removal
                          of the 'structure, at the southern end of Lake Hancock.



                       .Background
                       Thick layers of unconsolidated     nutrient-rich  "muck"   lie on the bottom   of Lake
                       Han-cock. Also, nutrient level's within the surface waters of the lake are often ex-
                       tremely high-and Water quality (based on a Tropical State Index)     is usually "poor."
                       The waters leaving. Lake Hancock can result in degraded water quality and algal
                       bloom in the upper Peace River. It has been suggested that construction of a' "filtra-
                       tion marsh system" to reduce pollutant loads leaving Lake Hancock, would help
                       improve -water quality in these areas of the Peace River. 'Another potential mecha-
                       nism to increase the area of natural marsh in the lake, system would be to drop-lake -
                       levels by either* removal or control of the structure at the southern end of the lake'.

                       Quantifiable Objective - HA-1,

                       Areas for Implementation -Upper Peace River basin

                       Strategy
                               1)  Support the Lake Hancock Advisory Group or similar working group
                                   to determine alternatives for modification or removal of structure at the
                                   southern end of Lake Hancock to restore the natural hydrology 'Of.
                                   the Lake Hancock system.
                               )   Pursue additional funding opportunities for water quality restoration.

                       Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                       Florida Department of Environmental -Protection
                       Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                       Polk County
                       Southwest Florida Water Management District
                       U.S - Army Corps of Engineers
                       U.S. Fish and-Wildlife Service


                       Expected- Benefits
                       'Reduction of large periodic discharges of highly polluted waters from the lake into
                       the upper Peace River.
 

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                   Monitoring Response
                    Monitor flows and water quality in the upper Peace River.

                    Preliminary Implementation Projects
                           Florida Department of Environmental- Protection
                                  Mandatory -Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting (Regulatory)
                                  Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program)
                                  Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation
                           Polk-County
                                  Lake Hancock Advisory Group
                           Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                  Lake Hancock Water and Nutrient. Budget and Lake Hancock
                                  Water Quality Improvement Project                                 
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                  Coastal. Non-point Program,,

























                                                                                                      127
 

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                       HA-Q:  Restore hydrologic surface features of the Peace Creek flood
                           plain.


                       Background
                       Peace Creek is little more than a channelized surface water system, with maj or hy-
                                                                 
                       drologic alterations of most of its historic flood plain.  As one of the most altered
                       areas within. the up-per Peace River basin, it. deserves special attention for restora-
                       tion.


                       Quantifiable Objective     HA-1,HA-2, HA-3

                       Areas for Implementation _-Upper Peace River basin, b    etween  Bartow and Lake
                       Wales                       
                       Strategy
                               1) Acquire flood plain, property bordering Peace. Creek either through fee 
                                  simple, or less than-fee acquisition process.
                               2) Restore sheet flow and. some semblance of a natural marsh system in
                                  the flood plain by de-channelizing Peace Creek.
                              .3) Utilize the state's "Section 319-Non-point source pollution control
                                            for funding of specific projects.
                                  program

                       Potential Res onsible Agencies & Organizations
                       Florida Department-of Environmental Protection
                       Polk County
                       Southwest Florida Water Management District
                       U.S. Army Corps, of Engineers
                       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

                       Expected Benefits,
                       Restoration of a more natural seasonal   variation in freshwater flow to the  upper-
                                                                                                     
                       Peace River. Flood -attenuation and   storage. Water quality   improvement due to
                       removal of. cattle and -subsequent nutrient filtration by recreated marsh system.
                                                                            
                       Monitoring Response
                     -Measure seasonal flows and water quality.'
 

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                      Preliminary Implementation Projects
                              Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                      Greater Charlotte Harbor Ecosystem Management Area Initiative
                                      Six Mile Creek Watershed Restoration
                              Polk County
                                      Peace Creek Canal/Wahneta       Regional Drainage System
                                              Enhancement
                              Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                      Surface Water Improvement And Management (SWIM) Program, 
                              U.S. Environmental Protection Age      ncy
     A                                Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                      Coastal Nonpoint Program
                                      Nonpoint Source Program




































                                                                                                                    129
 


Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

				WQ-A:  Establish a shellfish-monitoring network to ensure sampling of
				100% of Class II waters in the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area.

                        Background

                        There has been a documented historical decline in the area,extent of oyster beds
                        throughout many areas of the Charlotte Harbor NEP. Currently the state's shellfish
                        monitoring program does not include all areas designated as Class-11 waters.

                        Quantifiable Objective, - WQ-1, WQ-4,

                        Areas for Implementation - Oyster and clam beds

                        Strategy
                                Implement comprehensive       area-wide program for both the bacteriological
                                testing of water, as well as regular tissue analysis for potential health. related
                                potential pollutants.

                        Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                        County- and Municipal -Governments-
                        Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                                                      
                        -Not-for-Profit Conservation Organizations

                        Expected benefits
                        Accurate assessment potential      shell fish areas, -including both natural and com-
                        mercial lease areas. Aid in the identification of potential areas for the construction
                        of artificial beds.


                        Monitoring Response
                        As detailed in the strategy above.

                        Preliminary Implementation Projects,
                                The Calusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve of Pine Island, Inc.
                                        Pine Island Watershed Natural. Resource Assess Geographic
                                                 Information System-(GIS)_
                                Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                        'Florida Department of Environemental Protection (FDEP)
                                                     
                                                 Southwest District Point   Source Discharge Permitting
                                                 Program




      130
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Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                           Lee County
                                  Lee County Estuarine Monitoring Program     
				Polk County
                                  Lake Mariana Water Quality Improvements
                           U.S. Environment  Protection Agency
                                  Clean. Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                          -Volunteer Scientific Research Team, Inc.                       
                                  Marine Research- and Education






















                                                  131
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                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
		        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                      
                      



                        WQ-B,- Promote general public-awareness and education on water
                        quality issues and demonstration projects.


                      Background
                      General public has limited knowledge of.the goals and work of the NER There is a'
                      need to-develop greater awareness of benefits that can accrue from individual ac-
                    ions.


                      Quantifiable Objective - WQ-1, WQ-4, WQ-5, WQ-69 WQ-7

                      Areas for* Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

                      Strategy-
                            1) Stencils at stormwater drains.
                            2)  Signs 'at road/canal crossings.,
                            3)   Develop'school curriculum and guest'speaker'programs.
                            4)  Recycling Programs.
                            5)  New resident education package.
                                                               e
                                Support and enhance local and regional Florida Yards and. Neighbor
                                hood programs.
                                                             develo' er -n
                            7) Information material for local      p s, P engineenng firms and
                                contractors.
                            8)  Expand training for coordination of volunteer water quality sampling
                                programs. -
                            9)  Work with media in* getting' water quality information to the public.
                                                         
                            10) Increase public awareness of potential sources of pollution, -and poten
                                tial agencies responsible for enforcement.
                            11) implement "River Keeper",pogram in conjunction with volunteer qand
                                educational programs.
                            12) Support pollution prevention (P2) programs to educate business'and,
                                industry:
                            13) Utilize existing videos for Public education such- as,"Stormwater-A
                                Mixed Blessing," ''Floodplain Facts-A Buyer's Guide," and "A
                                Developer'.s- Guide to Stormwater Management,!.
                            14) Hold public education workshops on -specific -topics.
                        q    ty is_,
 



    				Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
			      Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan		

                                                         
                                            



                   Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                   Chambers of Commerce,
                   County and Municipal Governments
                   Departments of Education.
                                          environmental Protection
                   Florida-Department of E
                   Institute of Food and Agricultural, Sciences (IFAS)/C-6operative Extension Service
                   Not-,for-Profit Conservation Organizations
                   Water Management Districts

                   Expected benefits
                   Provision,of mechanisms for greater public awareness.

                   Preliminary Implementation Projects.
                           The Calusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve of Pine. Island, Inc.
                                 Pine Island Watershed -Natural. Resource Assessment Geographic
                                        Information System (G IS)
                           Charlotte, County
                                 Environmental Information. Center (EIC)
                                 Greater Port Charlotte'Canal Water Quality Enhancement               
                                 Charlotte County Master Stormwater Plan
                                 South Gulf Cove Water Quality Enhancement
                                 Support Horse Creek Outstanding Florida Water Designation
                                 U.S. 41 Water Quality Improvement
                                 Video: Stormwater  Runoff..A Mixed Blessing
                           Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                 Coordinatior of Water Quality, Monitoring Program in Charlotte
                                        Harbor, Peace River and Myakka River
                                 Water Quality Education
                           City of Cape Coral
                                 Stormwater Utility Program- (SWUP)/Utlility Expansion Plan
                                        (UEP)
                           City of Fort Myers
                                 Storm Water Management Program (SWMP) Surface Water
                                        Management Master Plan'
                           -City of Lakeland
                                 Lake Hollingsworth Seiment Removal. Project And Lake Parker
                                        Southwest Outfall Retrofit
                           City of Venice
                                      ice
                                 City of Venice Public Information
                                                                 and Education







                                                                                                     133
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                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
			    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                                                                                            IN
                                                                           



                            Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                   Aquatic'Preserve. Management Maps
                                   Biological Assessment and Monitoring of Streams: \Stream
                                          Condition index and Biorecon
                                   Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring
                                          Network- (CHEVWQMN)
                                   Chalotte Harbor State  Buffer Preserve Public Education
                                   Citizen Support Orgaqnization.(CS6qO) The Friends Of The Charlotte
                                          Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Inc.
                                   Citizen Support Organization (CSO) Estero Bay Buddies'
                                   Clean Marina Program (CMP) Assessment
                                   Coastal Management   Workshops
                                   Environmentally Responsible Marinas and Boat Maintenance
                                          Practices
                                   Evaluation of Biological/Physical. Impacts of Anchorages
                                   Florida Department of Environmental Protection Lakes
                                          Bioassessment Program
                                   -Lake Howard Water Quality and Habitat Restoration Project.
                                   Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting (Regulator   y)
                                   Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation -(Giants Program)
                                   Public Education Programs
                                   Reclaimed Water Use-.Development
                                   Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation
                                   Southwest.FloridaAnchorages Monitoring
                            Green Partners
                                   Green Partners - A Partnership of Polk County Businesses
                            Lakes Education/ Action Drive (LE/AD)
                                   Public 'Education on- Polk County Lakes
                            Lee County
                                   National Pollutant DischargeIElimination. System(NPDES)
                                          Implementation
                                   Small Quality Hazardous Water Generator Pro grain,
                            Polk County
                                                           ity Enhancement (So
                                   -,Crooked Lake Water Qual                   minole, Ave'.
                                          Stormwater Detention Pond)
                                   Environmntal Landsi-ape Managemen of Education Program
                                   Farm *A*Syst/Home*A*Syst
                                   Garden Grove Pines Stormwater Retrofit Project
                                   Jan Phyl Village Storrnwqater Retrofit Proj-ect
                                   Lake Hancock Advisory Group




         
 



                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
					  Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  



                                   Lakewatch
                                   Polk County Ambient Surface Water Monitoring Program
                                                   ension Water School
                                   Polk County, Ext
                                                           Management Plan -1 Implementation
                                   Polk'County Stormwater                    M
                                   Stormwater Videos For Public Education
                            Sanibel-Captiva Conservation  Foundation 
                                                             ation, Inc.
                                   Captiva Cruises Partnership
                                   Habitat Management upland Ecology Program: Prescribed Burning,
                                          Wetland and Upland Enhancement, 'Monitoring, and
                                          Applied Research of Native Flora and, Fauna
                                   Realtor Education, Workshops
                                   Realtors' Environmental'Orieniation
                                   Resident, Environmental'Orientation,
                            Sarasota County
                                   Resource Conseration Program
                            Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council
                                   Managing Selected Anchorages- and Harbors - Southwest Florida
                            Southwest Florida Water. Management District
                                   Communications Program
                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                   Clean Waier Act Section 320 NAtional Estuary Program
                                   Coastal Nonpoint Program
                                   Nonpoint Source Program
                            Volunteer Scientific Research Team, Inc.
                                   Marine Research and Education























                                                                                                          135
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                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
		         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                                                            



                            WQ-C/WQ-D:     Identify gaps in water q                   e   d
                                                           uality data ne de      to calibrate
                            the appropriate models used to determine Total Maximum Daily Load
                            (TMDL) limits.- Coordinate -monitoring programs and implement
            
            I.          programs to fill data gaps for TMD6qLs..
                                                                                                                   _4qJ

                                                                      -A
                         Background
                         The Florida, Department of Environment       al Protection is currently in the process of
                                                        Maximum Da ly Load (TMDL) for water bodies within
                         beginning to establish Total
                         the.state which have-been identified as not meeting current water quality standards.
                         It was the consensus of. the Charlotte Harbor NEP working groupsthat within. the
                         NEP'study area, this: effort be *expanded to' address entire  subbasins and/or water-
                         sheds. It is expected that in many. areas identified for the- determination of TMDLs
           
                         there may be insuffilcient water quality data- to accurately calibrate models.

                                             ectiqve - WQ-1, WQ-2, W -3
                         Quantifiable Obj                                 Q

                         Areas for linplemefqit2qation - Eqfqitire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

                         Strategy'
                                  1) Determine bodies of-water and segments of riverine systems for which
                                     the determination of total maximum daily loads. (TMDLs) needs to be -
                                     accomplished,    consulting with the Florida Department of
                                     Environmental -Protection Waters ed Manaaernent Program..-
                                  2) Coordinate the locations and'analytes for TMDL within th Chaqil'tte
                                                                                            s       n           0
                                     Harbor NER
                                  3). Assess previously collected data and determine gaps- with'tqhe Florida
                                     DepArtqment of Environmental Protection Watersh                anagement
                                                                                             edM
                                     Program.
                                  4) Establish a joint agency working-group to identify the information
                                     gaps and. data needed. specifically for TMDLs.
                                  5) Develop monitoring programs to address, gaps indatqaneededto
                                     develop accurate TMDLs'4qwith the Florida Department of
                                     Environmental Protection Watershed Ma6qpagement Program.
                                  6) 0q@56q@q(0qYllect accurate an40qdr6qeliable data appropriate to the establishment of
                                     TMD56qLs for all water bodies - and river seamen       .ts within, the Charlotte
                                     32qRarboqrq-q.NER
                                                                          -be stored in a common database (e.g..
                                  .7) 'Establish a procedure6qforq. data to
                                  q-  STO48qRET6q)q.
                                  8) -Analyze data andq,q.establish appropriate TMDLs..
 






                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
			  Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan	                               



                  Potential Responsible Agencies & Organization,%
                 Florida Department of Environmental Protection/Watershed Management
                  -Program (principal- partner)
                  County and Municipal Governments
                  Not-for-Profit Conservation Organizations
                  Industry
                  Stormwater Utilities
                  Water Management Districts

                  Expected Benefits
                  -Assistance in determining appropriate background information for the establish-
                  ment of Total Maximum Daily. Loads (TMDLs). Provision of accurate estimated'
                  loads and-assess associated negative impacts.
                                                                                              V*4q+ -

                  Monitoring Response
                  Monitoring programs, should betailored to each identified priority water body.
                                                                                              qN
                  Preliminary Implementation Projects
                        The Calusa Land Trust'and Nature Preserve of Pine Island, Inc.
                               Pine Island Watershed Natural Resource Assessment -Geographic
                                     Information System (GIS)
                        Charlotte County
                               GreaterPort Charlotte -CanalWater Quality Enhancement
                        Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                               Coordination of Water Quality Monitoring Program in Charilotte
                                     Harbor, Peace River and Myakk@ River
                                     VolunteerWater. Quality Monitoring Network,
                        Florida Center for Environmental Studies
                               Water Quality Sampling in the Caloosahatehee River and Estuary'
                        Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                               Biological Assessment'and Monitoring of Streams: Stream,
                                     Coadition Index and- Biorecon
                               Caloosahatchee River Total Maximum Daily Load (-TMDL) -Study
                               Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring
                                     Network (CHEVWQMN)
                               Domestic Wastewater (DW), -and Industrial Wastewater q(6qIW2q)
                                     Permitting Programs
                               Evaluation of Biological   Physical Impacts of Anchorages
                               Florida Department of Environmental Protection (36qFDEP)
                                     Southwest District Point Source Discharge Pen4qfqlitting
                                     Program



                                                                                             1308q7
 




                              Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
				       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                    




                                    Integrated Water Resources Monitoring (IWRM) Network Basin-,
                                    Assessment and Total Maximum Daily Lo0qe (TMDL) -
                                          Development,
                                    Natural Resources' Monitoring Programs-at Estero Bay Aquatic
                                          and -State Buffer Preserve (EBS&SBP)
                                    Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP)
                                                     qinent qPtqo grqa 'iqn Watershed ApqOroaq6h
                                    Watershe6q& Manage
                            Florida-Cenier for Environmental Studies
                                    Water Qualq@qty Sampling.in the Cqal6qdo-sahatchee River and Estuary'
                            Lee County
                                    Lee Count " Ambient Surface Water Monitoring Program
                                    I       qy
                                    I.,ee Counqiy. Estuarine Monitoring Program
                                    National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
                                          implementation
                            Peace River  Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority
                                    Peace River Hydrq6biqological Monitoring Program.q(HBMP)
                                    Peace. River Water Quality Monitoring Project
                            Polk County_
                                    Crooked Lake Water Quality Enhancement_ (Seminole Ave.,
                                          Stormwater, Detention Po'nd)
                                    Garden Grove Pines Stormwater Retrofit Project
                                                            'Ph
                                    an   yl Village Stormwater Retrofit Project
                                    Lake Mariana Water Quality Improvements
                                    Lakewatch
                                    Polk County Ambient Surface Water Monitoring Program
                                    Polk County Stormwater Managem6q6ht Plan Implementation
                            Sarasota, Co4qu ty
                                        un
                                    Sarasota, County Ambient -Water Quality Monitoring Program
                            Southwest Florida Water Management qI)istqrict
                                    Further Refinement of a Pollutant Load Reduction Goal for
                                         Charlotte qfqtaqrqb8qdqi-
                                    Ongoing, Water-Quaqility Monitoring Program in Charlotte Harbor
                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                    Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                    Investigation of Atmospheric Deposition of Nutrients
                                    Water Quality Modeling and Total Maximum Daily Loq.ad
                                         -Development






          12q3q1qi2q@04q@  -------------
 




                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
			  Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                  
                                                       




                         WQ-E/WQ-M: Install or retrofit Best Management Practices (BMPs)
                         as necessary to maintain or improve water quality.



                       Background
                       Once the assimilative capacity of waterbodies within the Charlotte Harbor NEP study
                       area have been, established, the point and nonpoint source's pollutants    should, be
                       identified. Then effective programs to reduce and/or maintain loading levels within
                       the assimilative capacity 'of each surface water system should be identified. Where
                    --septic systems pose a significant potential threat -of pollution to ground and 'Surface
                       waters and where central sewer systems are impractical, composting toilet system    s
                       may present a viable alternate.

                       Quantifiable Objective - WQ-1, WQ-2, WQ-3, WQ-4, WQ-5, WQ-6

                       Areas for Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP'Study area

                       Strategy
                                                                 -including st6rmwater systems.
                               1),, Inventory existing, programs.,
                               2) Evaluate and rank potential exp   Iansions of/curqrent programs.
                               3). Implementation.
                               4)   Utilize federal funding sources such as the, state's "Section 319-Non'
                                   point source control program" when 'appropriate.
                               5)' Implement-inctntives for composting toilets in appropriate areas.

                       Potential Responsible Agencies  -Organizations
                       County and Municipal Governments,
                       Florida Department of Health
                       Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                       Industry
                       'Institute- for Food and Agricultural Science Cooperative Extension Service
                       Not for-Profit Conservation Organizations
                       Natural Resource Conservation Service
                       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                       U.S. Department of Agriculture
                       56qNater Management Districts







                                                                                                                     96q1q-39
 





Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                   
                                                       
          
                                                           




                     Expected Benefits.
                     Reduction of pollutant loads to meet establishedgoals. In the case of increased use,
                     of co   osting toile - the reduction -of water consumption and reduction of nutri-
                          nip            
                     ents loadsfrom wastewater treatment facilities.


                     Monitoring _Response.
                     Monitoring programs shouldbe established t assess success of implemented man-
                              practices.

                     Preliminary Implementation Projects
                            Charlotte- Harbor Environment I Center, Inc.,
                                    Cornposting Toilet Implementation and Education
                            City of CapeCoral
                                    Storminwater Utility Program (SVVUP)/Ttility Expansion Plan
                                           (UEP)
                            City of Fort Myers
                                    Storm Water Management Program (SWMP) Surface-Water
                                           Mand              r- Plan.
        1Z                                     gemeqnt Mq4ste
                            City of Lakeland
                                    Lake Hollingsworth- Sediment Removal Project And Lake -Parker
                                           -Southwest Outfall Retrofit-
                                    Lake Park r,Southwest Outfall Retrofit.
                            'City,of Punta Gorda
                                    City of Punta Gorda   Burnt Store Isles Stormwater Treatment
                                           Retrofit
                            City of Winter Haven
                                    Wltiple Stormwater Quality  Improvement Pr
                                                              y                 Olects-
                            Florida Department'of Environmental Protection
                                    Domestic Wastewater (DW) and Industrial Wastewater (INV-)
                                           Perinitthig Programs
                                    Industrial Wastewater -Compliance/Enforcement; qOoqmestic
                                           Wastewater Compliance/Enforcement
                                    Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation -0q& Permitting   (Regulatory)
                                        -Mandatory- Phosphate Reclamation (6qQrants Program).
                                    Non
                                    Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternativeq@ Mitigation.
                                    Lake Howard Water.quality'and Habifat Restoration project                             Green Partners
                                    Qre@n Partners - A Painership of Polk County Businesses
 






                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
								Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                 
                                                



                          Lee. County
                                 Lakes Park Flow-Way/Filter Marsh
                                 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
                                        Implementation
                                 Stormwater System Inventory'
                                 Lee County Ambient Surface Water Monitoring Program
                                                             Acquisit on and Stewardship
                                 Lee County Conservation Land        
                                        Committee (CLASAC)
                          Manatee County
                                 Application of Innovative Wastewater- Treatment Systems'at
                                        'Emerson Point Conservation Park
                          Natural Resources Conservation Service. 
                                 Conservation Financial assistance,
                                 Copservation Technical Assistance.
                         -Polk County
                                 Environmental Landscape Management Education Program
                                 Polk County ExtensionWater School
                                 Lake Mitriana. Water.Quality Improvements                           16qZ
                                 Farm*A*Syst/0qHo  me*,A*Syst
                                 Crooked Lake Water Quality Enhancement'(Seminole Ave.
                                        Stormwater Detention Pond)
                                 Garden Grove Pines. Stormwater Retrofit Project
                                 Lake Hancock Advisory Group
                                 Jan Phyl Village Stormwater Retrofit Project
                                 Polk County Stormwater Management Plan Implementation
                          Sarasota County
                                 Sarasota County Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Program
                          Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                 Management of Transportation Project Imbacts
                                 Ongoing Efforts/to Restore the Hydrology of the Upper Myakka
                                        River Watershed
                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                 Clean Water Act Section-320 National Estuary Program
                                 Coastal Nonpoint Program
                                 Nonpoint Source Program









                                                                                                    141q.
 





                   Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                   Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                    




                       WQ-F: Assess the cumulative impact of the density of septic tank
                      systems and where appropriate take effective corrective action,


                   Background
                   There are potential pollutant impacts from'high and m6derately dense urban areas
                   relying, on septic systems to both ground -and receiving sUrface waters.

                   Quantifiable Objective - WQ-1, WQ-2, WQ-3,-WQ4

                   Areas for Implementation Entire Charlote Harbor -study area

                   Strategy
                         1) Conduct appropriate groundwater and surface water.qstudies necessary
                            to- deterr nine -the cumulative impact's of high', densitie's of septic tanks.*
                         2) Identify the appropriate indicator organism to identify sepfic system
                            discharges.
                         3) Make -appropriate changes in state law's and local septic tank ordi
                            nances to mitigate impacts to the greatest pactical extent.
                         4) Require,'every' other year, insped qClonof all septic systems where
                            impacts-to -groundwater/surface waters haveIbeen shown. Countieqï¿½
                            should-be encouragedto include such language within their updated
                            comprehensive plans.
                         5), Enhance enforcement to ensure appropriate repairs are made when
                            necessary.
                         6  Establish homeowner education programs.
                         q7@ Utilize the state's "'Section 319-Non'     controf program"
                                                           7point source-
                            for funding of,projects- where appropriate.

                   Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                   County and Municipal Governments
                   Florida Department of Health,
                   Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                   Institute, for Food, and Agricultural Science/Cooperative Extension Service
                   Not-for -Profit.Conservation Organizations
                   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

                   Expected Benefits
                   Reduction of pollutant -loads to meet established goals.
 






                                                             Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                          Draft Comperhensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                    




                     Monitoring Response
                     Monitoring \programs 'should be established to assess the, potential, of septic tank
                     pollution to groundwaters and surface waters.

                     Prminary Implementation Projects
                             The Calusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve of Pine Island, Inc.
                                    Pine Island Watershed Natural Resource Assessment Geographic
                                           Information System (GIS)
                             Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                    Septic Tank and Drainage System Education
                             City of Cape Coral
                                    Stormwater Utility Program (SWUP)/Utility Expansion Plan
                                           (UEP)
                             City of Lakeland
                                    Lake Hollingsworth Sediment Removal Project And Lake Parker
                                           Southwest Outfall Retrofit,
                             City of North Port
                                    Septic Tank Alternatives Study
                             City of Venice
                                    Venice Expansion of Sanitary Sewerage
                             Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                    Public Education Programs
                                    Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality- Monitoring-
                                           Network (CHEVWQMN)
                             Lee County
                                    Lee County Ambient Surface Water Monitoring Program
                             Polk County
                                    Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst
                                    Lake Mariana Water Quality Improvements
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agent
                                                                    
                                    Clean Water Act Section-3201 National Estifary Program
                                    Coastal Nonpoint Program
                                    Nonpoint Source Program,











                                                                                                       2q@143,
 






  
                            Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                                                            N
                            Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                          
                     
     



                        WQ-G: Provide central sanitary sewers or other alternative
                        technology to-residential areas (parcels of land one acre or less) and all
                        commercial and industrial, development within 900 feet of waters
                        (canals,- estuary, streams, and lakes) within the Charlotte Harbor NEP
                        study -area.


                     Background
                     Emphasis on the protection of groundwaters  from pollutant loadings'from septic
                     systems should be given to areas nearest to any surface waters.

                     Quantiflab4e'Objective - WQ-1 WQ-2 WQ-3, WQ-4, WQ-6

                     Areas for Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

                     Strategy'
                            1) Based on the results, of WQT, prioritize areas for implementation.
                            2) In *such- areas where densities,are low, require-advanced on-site septic,.
                               systems.
                            3) Improv e quality and availability of package. plant_s to service areas
                               more-developed areas.
                            4) Develop and-implement plans t6. provide central sewer. to highly
                               developed areas.

                     Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations'
                     County and Mtfnicipal Governments
                     Florida Department of Health
                     Florida Department of Community Affairs
                     Florida Coastal Management Program
                     Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                     Homeowner Associtions
                     U.S. -Environmental Protection-Agency

                     Expeed Benefits
                     Reduction of nutrient loads and sources of human p'6qdthog2qpns.

                     Monitorin Response
                     Integrate shallow groundwater network -with county, stormwater and other appropn-
                     ate ambient monitorin efforts.
                                          10q9
 






                                                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                     




                   Preliminary Implementation Projects
                          Charlotte'County
                                 Charlotte' County Central Sewer Expansion
                          City,of Cape-Coral
                                 Stormwater Utility Program (SWUP)/Utility Expansion Plan
                                        (UEP)
                          City of Fort'Myers
                                 Stormwater Management Program'(SWMP) -Surface 'Water
                                        Management Master Plan@
                          City of North Port
                                 City of North Port Water and 'Sewer Master Plan - Implementation
                          City of Venice
                                 Venice Expansion of Sanitary Sewerage
                          City of Punta Gorda                                                            qM
                                 Puntd Gorda, Central Sewer Expansion
                          Hardee County
                                                              
                                 Manatee County Planning Department
                          Sarasota County
                                 Sarasota County septic Tank Re laceirient Program
                                                               
                          U.S. Vnvqkofimental Protection Agency.
                                 Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program























                                                                                                      145
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                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                           WQ-H:     Install- and maintain filtration marshes at appropriate
                           locations around Lake Hancock.,,


                         Background.,                                                  on the bott m of Lake
                         Thick layers of nutrient rich unconsolidated "muck"       lie,
                         14ancock.' Nutrient,levels within the surface wate'rs of the lake are often extr6m2q0y
                         high and water quality (based on a Trophic State Index) are usually "poor."' The
                         waters'leaving Lake'Hancq@qck can result in degraded -water quality and algal bloom,
                         in the upper Peace River. , Construction of a "filtration marsh  system" to reduce
                         pollutant loads leaving Lake Hancock.would help improve water quality in the        se
                         areas of the Peace River.


                         Quantifiable Objective  WQ- 1, WQ-5

                         Areas'-for Implementation - Lake Hancock northern Peace River basin

                         Strategy
                                 1) Determine the desigin qcqf0qiteria forthe construction of one or 2qmorqp
                                    effective filtration marshesto remove nutrient, loads entering the Peace
        
                                    River from Lake Hancock.
                                 2) Construct marsh(esq).
                                 3) Maintain -marsh system(s) at such bonditions to optimize removal of
                                    key limiting nuqfqf2qierqits to the'Peace River/Charlotte Harbor qs'qy-qstem.

                         Potential Responsible Agcieqs & Organizations
                         Florida Fish-and Wildlife Conservation. Commission
                         Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                         Polk County
                         Southwest Florida Water Management District.
                         U.S_. Fish and Wildlife Service

                         Expected Benefits
                         Reduction of nutrient loads and algal bloom in the Peace River and Charlote\Haqrq-q..
                         b


                         Monitoring Response
                         Determine nutrient concentrations in Lake Hancock and the upper Peace River, as
                         well  qas determine the frequency and extent. of algal blooms in the -Peace River.
                             Q
                           q10q2
 






                                                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                               Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                                       



                   Preliminary Implementation Projects
                          Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                 Ecosystem Management Water Quality Assessment Section Lakes
                                       Bioassessbent
                                 Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting (Regulatory)             qQ@
                                 Non-Mandatory Phosphate' Reclamation (qbrafits Program')-
                                 Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation -
                          Polk County
                                 Lake Hancock Advisory Group
                          Southwest Florida, Water Management District
                                 Lake Hancock Waterand Nutrient Budget and Lake Hancock
                                       Water Quality Improvement Project
                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                 Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                 Coastal Nonpoint Program
                                 Nonpoint Source Program


















                                                                                           88q@44q@147
 









                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                    
                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan   
   WQ-1:   Expand the Florida Yards and Neighborhoods program to' all
                          counties in the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area and actively
                          implement the program.



                        Background-.
                        One of the primary goals of the_Florida Yards and Neighborhoods programs is to,
                        encourage, to the greatest extent possible, the plahtin2qg -of native, drought tolerant
                        plant species in both yards and public areas. -Such native species.. typically require
                        far less water, fertilizers, and pesticides than commonly used nonnativejaqndscap-'-.
                                         reducing both water consumption as well as -non-point source pol
                        l.tants in stormwater runoff.
                        ing species, thus


                       'Quantitable Objeciivie -,WQ-3

                        Areas for Implementation - -EntireCharl6tte Harbor NEI? study area

                         A
                        Strategy
                                1) -Improve -education of homeowners about niethods they can easily
           t
                                   implement to reduce source of pollution.
                                2) Make the busi                ity aware of the                    -and
                                                  ness commun                    kinds of activities
                                   programs they cair undertake to reduce non-poirit stormwater sources
                                   from their property.
                                .3)' Develope programs for providing_ training and certification for
                                   landscaping contractors.
                                4), Use mobiie, irriotion lab to reduce water *use..
                                5). Promote xerikaping-   and where necessar             for changes in
                                                                             _y provide
                                   zoning to allow'and encourage such landscaping- practices;


                                                                         ons
                        Potential Responsible Agenc    ies & Organization'
                        Cbamberg of Commerce
                        County and Municipal Governments
                        Institute for Food and Agricultural Scienceg (IFAS)/Coo'     rative Extension
                                                                                  _pe
                        Service
                        Master Gardeners and Other Civic Ass6c0qiaions -
                        Not-for-72 Profit Conservation Organizations-
                        Water Management Districts
 






                                                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                    




                   Expected benefits
                   Reduction of the use of water. Reduction of the amounts of pollutants from yards
                   and businesses.


                   Monitoring Response
                   County stormwater programs.

                   Preliminary Implementation Projects
                          Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center,I0qnc.-
                                 Florida Yards and Neighborhoods Program
                          City of Venice.
                                 City of Venice Public information and'Education
                          Florida Department of Environmental Protection.
                                 Citizen Support Organization (CSO) The Friends of the Charlotte
                                        Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Inc.
                          Hardee, County
                                 Hardee County Xeriseaping (Amendment of Hardee County
                                        Uniforni qLa2qAd Development Code)
                          Lee County
                                 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
                                        Implementation
                          Manatee County
                                 Mahatee.County Florida Yards And -Neighborhoods Program
                          Polk County.
                                 Environmental Landscape Management Education Program
                                 Polk County Extension Water School 
                          Sanibel/Captiva Conservation foundation, Inc.
                                 Landscaping for Wildlife
                          Sarasota County
                                 Florida Yards. and Neigborhoods Program
                          U.S.'Environmental Protection Agency'
                                 Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary.Prograrn
                                 Coastal Nonpoin Program
                                 Nonpoint Source Program










                                                                                                     149,
 







                           
                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan





                  WQ-J: Establish a buffer zone around Lake Hancock.


                Background
                Currently much of the land. surrounding Lake Hancock has yet to be developed.,
                This status provides a window of opportunity to both preserve existing wildlife habitat
                as, Well as -reduce future non-point source pollution to the. lake through the establish-
                men t of,buffer zones.


                Quantifiable Objective 2qW2qQ-2

                Areas for Implementation - Lake Hancock -and upper Peace River basin

                Strategy
                     1) Identify areas around Lake'Hancbck for public purchase or the acquiIsi
                      tion of development rights.
                     2) Develop and'implement. plans for the reduior-of ndnoint, pollution.

                Potential Responsible Ag'
                                   enqcies & Organizations
               -Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                Not -for-Profit Conservation Organizations
                Polk County
                Southwest Florida Water Management District
                US. Tish, and Wildlife Service

                Expected benefits
                Protection ofInative- habitats surrounding the e and reduction of _'nutrient2pads'.

                Momtoring Response
                Long-term ambient monitoning program for Lake Hancock. -

                Preliminary Implementation Projects..
                     Florida Department of Environmental Protection.
                           Ecosystem Management Water Quality Assessment Section-Lakes
                                Bioassessment
                           Greater Charlotte 6q16q1arbor Ecosystem Management'Area Initiative
                           Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Pennitting (Regulatory)
                           -Nor0qi-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation - (Grants Program)
                           Saddle 80qCreek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation
 






                               `                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                                                         
                                                Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                          Polk County
                                 Environmental Lands Acquisition Program-In Polk County
                                 Lake Hancock Advisory Group
                          Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                 Lake Hancock Water and Nutrient Budget and Lake Hancock
                                 Water Quality improvement Project
                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                'Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                 Coastal Nonpoint Program



                                                                                                      
                                                                                                      





























                                                                                                    1151
 










                                                                 
                                               Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                         
 							Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
								



                      WQ-K:    Remove the muck Component frothe sediments of Lake
                      Hancock..


                     Background
                     Ther are thick. layers of nutrient-rich unconsolidated "muck"-on the bottom of Lake,
                     Hancock. This fqf0qitick-pqrovides a constant source of nutrients8q4o the, s'ufface waters.-
                     As. a result, water quality (based on.a Trophic,State Index) is "poor" and dense
                     concentrations of algae are common. The7 reirn6val of unco nisolidaqted sediment lay-
                     ers should signifiq6dqittly improve water quality, both in Lake Hancock, aAqd the upper..
                     Peace River.


                                                                                                                 7,
                     Quantifiable Objective - WQ-5

                     Areas for Implementation - Lake Hancock, upper Peace River

                     Strategy
                            1) Deterrmine which (or what combination- of) method(s) 'Would provide a
                               cost-effective and environmentally sound2p1pniq4ue-for the removal qof
                                     solidated- sediments qon t@e bottomof Lake HancocIk:
                               uncon
                                  draw down;
                                  mining and restorafion; -and/or
                               4q0, sediment dredging/quick removal.

                     Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                     Florida. Fish.and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                     Florida Department of Environmental Protection,
                     Polk County'
                     Southwest, Florida Water Management District
                     U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,,
                     -U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service


                     Expected benefits
                     Reduction of nutrient concentration and the [email protected] bloom in Lake
                     Hancock and the44qTeaceq, River.


                     Monitoring Response
                     Measure ambient nutrient concentrations in the Lake Hancock and P0qeacqiq@0q@ River.
 






                                                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
               
                                                    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                    Preliminary Implementation Projects
                           Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                                 agement Water Quality Assessment Section Lakes
                                  Ecosystem Man
                                         Bioassessment
                                  Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting -(Regulatory)
                                  Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program),
                                  Saddle Creek, Restoration -and Alternative Mitigation
                           Polk County
                                -Lake Hancock Advisory Group
                           Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                  Lake Hancock Water and Nutrient Budget and Lake Hancock'
                                         Water Quality Improvement Project
                           US. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary- Program

































                                                                                                       153
 





                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                          Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                        WQ-L:  Create and establish a pub lic involvement program- for -Lake
                        Hancock.



                     Background
                    -Local area support will be a key component in an' of-the proposed programs to
                                                                     
                     restore-Water quality and preserve. habitat within Lake Hancock and its 'watershed.

                     Qu antiqflable Objective - WQ-5

                     Areas. for Implementation - Polk County

                     Strategy
                            1) Publish articles. in public dia;
                            2)- Conduct school awareness programs,; and
                            3)- Target civic associations and.chambers of co mimerce.

                     Potentqial'Responsible Agencies. & Organizations
                     Florida Department of Environmental qProtection
                     Florida Fish and Wildlife.servation Commission
                     Not-for-Profit Conservation manizations
                     Polk County
                     Southwest Florida Water Management Distoct

                     Expected benef0qiti
                     Increased public awareness-of Water quality problems, associated with Lake
                     Hancock and support for programs to improye existing condition.

                     Preliminary Implementation Projects
                            Florida Department of Environmental, Protection
                                  Ecosystem Management Water Quality Assessment Section Lakes
                                         Bioassessnfent
                            Polk County
                                  Lake Hancock Advisory Group
                            Southwest Florida Water'Management District
                                  Lake- Hancock Water and Nutrient BpdqRet and Lake Hancock
                                         Water Quality Improvement Project.,
                           -U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,,
                                  Clean Water Act Section 320 National/ Estuary..Program-
 





                                                              Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                           
                                                   Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan





                       WQ-N:    Reduce non-point source pollutants associated with stormwater.
                       runoff.



                      Background
                      As indicated within the Synthesis of Existing Information document prepared by,
                      the, Charlotte Harbor NEP, the largest source of potential pollutants within each of
                      the idtified basins comes from non-point'source stormwater runoff.

                      Quantifiable Objective - WQ-2, WQ-3, WQ-4, WQ-6

                    -Areas for Implementation - All Charlotte Harbor NEP    watersheds
                                                                                                              V+

                      Strategy.
                             1)  Elevate water quality criteria as part of county.stormwater' 'planning
                                 and develop integrated programs to reduce levels*'
                             2)  Encourage redevelopment ofolder properties and businesses to meet
                                 current stormwater treatment standards whenever possible.
                             3)  Reduceim               d surface required by
                                           pervious pave                      parking space and large
                                 cormneral developments.
                             4)  Encourage local governments to adopt integrated pest management.,
                                 policies and implement environmentally beneficial landscaping-
                                 practices on all public property.'
                                         'd/or improve agricultural best in
                             5) Assure an                                anagement practices
                                 (BMPs).
                             6). Evaluate the impacts' of gludge and sediments on water quality.

                      Potential Responsible Agencies. & -Organizations
                      County and Municipal. G6vernments
                      Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                      Florida Department of Agriculture
                      Florida Coastal Management Program
                      ]Florida Department of Community Affai  rs
                      Homeowners Associations
                      Institute of Food and Aqg04qnq"cultural Sciences/Coo erq48q@0qi8qVe Extension Service
                                                               I   q_p
                      Not-for-Pro0qfqit Conservation Organizatidns
                      Regional Planning Councils
                      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                      Water Management Distri36qOqs

                      Expected benefits
                      Reduction in stormwater pollutant loadings to receiving waters.
                                                                                                             155
 






                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                             
                    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                   Monitoring Response
                    Conduct existing and expanded surface- water monitoring programs, as well as test-
                    ing that may, be required as.part of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
                    (NPDE8) permit requirements.

                    Pre    in                      qects
                       linu ary Impqle mientation Projects
                           Charlotte - County
                                 Development Review Process
                                 Greater Port Charlotte@ Canal Water Qualit
                                                                       y Enhancement
                                                            water Plan
                                 Charlotte County Master- Storm
                                 Myakka River Master Plan
                                 South W If Cove Water Qualit  Enhancement
                                 Thr ee-Lakes
                                 'U.S. 41, Water qualitylinproqVem-ent
                           City of Cape Coral
                                 Stormwater. Utility Program (SWUP)/Utility Expansion Plan
                                         (UEP)
                           City of Fort Myers
                                 Storm Water Management Program (SWMP) Surface Water
                                        Management Master Plan
                           'City of Lakeland,
                                 Lake Parker Southwest Outfall Retrofit
                                 Multiple.Stormwater Quality- Improvement Projects
                           City of Punta Gorda
                                City of Punta Gorda Burt Store Isles Stormwater Treatment
                                        Retrofit,
                           Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                 Biological Assessment, and Monitoring'of Streams: -Stream
                                        Condition Index and Biorecon
                                 Charlotte Harbor State Buffer Preserve Public Education
                                 Citizen Support Organization (CSO) The Friends Of The Charlotte
                                                      Preserves,-Inc.
                                        Harbor Aquatic
                                 Environmentally Responsible Marinas and Boat Maintenance
                                         Practice's
                                 Florida Devaqitment of Environmental Protection Lakes
                                 Bioa's sessment- Program
                                 Lake HowardWater Qualityq'and Habitat Restoration Project'
                                 Mandatory Phosphate Reclyqiation Permitting (2qR6qogul atory)
                                 Non-Mandatoqry Phosphate Reclamation (Grants. Program).
                                 Pollution Prevention' (P2) Stormwater Pollution Reduction
                                 Pollution Prevetion (P2)
                                 Publ ic Education Programs
                                              Restorat' n and Alimati Mitigation
                                 Saddle Creek        10
                           Green Partners
                                 Green Partners- A 20qPq@rt44q4erqship of Polk Count" Busines'ses
 






                                                              Charlotte Harbor National Estury Program
                                                    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                             Hardee County
                                    Encouraging Pervious Surfaces (Hardee County Unified Land
                                           Develop menf Code)
                             Lee County
                                    'Lake's Park Fl0W7Way/Filter Marsh
                                    -Lee County Ambient Surface Water Monitoring Program
                                    Lee County ConservAtion Land Acquisition and Stewardship,
                                           Committee. (CLASAC)
                                    National Pollutant Discharge'Elimination,System (NPDE5)
                                           Implementation
                                    Small Quality Hazardous Waste Generator Program
                                    Stormwater System Inventory
                             -Manatee County'
                                    The Manatee CQtqffity Stormwater Basin Study
                             Natural Resources Conservation Service
                                    Conservation Financial Assistance
                                    bnseq@vation Technical Assistance
                             Polk County,
                                    Crooked Lake Water Quality Enhancement (Seminole Ave..
                                           Stormwater Detention Pond)
                                    Environmental Landscape Management Education Program
                                    Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst
                                    Garden Grove Pines Stormwater Retrofit Project
                                    Jan Phyl Village Stormwater Retrofit Project
                                    Lake Mariana Water Quality Improvements-.
                                    Polk County Extension Water School -
                                    Polk County Stormwater Management Plan Implementation
                                    Stormwater Videos For Public Education                             nibelCaptiva Conservation Foundation, Inc.
                                    -Enhancement, Monitoring' and Applied Research of Native
                                           Flora pond FaAna
                                    Habitat Management and Ecology- Program: Prescribed Burning,,
                                           Wetland and Upland
                             Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                    Further Re0qf0qifiement of a Pollutant Load Reduction-Goal for
                                           Charlotte Harbor
                             U.S.q,Envitonmental Protection Agency
                                    Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                    Coastal N.onpoint Program
                                    National Pollutant. Discharge. Elimination System (NPDES)
                                           Permit -Program
                                    Nonpoint Source Program
                                    Water Qd2qdlity Standards Program Overview
 





                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                          'tigate source
                          WQ-O:,Investigate sources                    s and effects of atmospheric deposition and
                          develop action plans to' address findings.

           N
           A

                        Backqiqmund
                                                                -entire Charlotte. Harbor
                        There is only a @single site within tfqie                          NEP study area where
                        rates df atmospheric'deposition are being' collected.    Due to qihe'size and differing
                        natures of the watersheds it is-important that additional information be collected in
                        order to  account ofor potential -sources of pollutants.

                        Quanti4qfqtable Objective - WQ-3

                       Areas for lmplemntation - Site(s) selected as bein        representative (if watersheds
                        within the Chad -tte Harbor N0qEP


                        Strategy
                                  1) Promote and encourage wet-and dry atmospheric deposition
                                    monitonn'9.
                               ,2) Determine rates of atniospheri6,depo'iton of specific votentiAl
                                    Pollutants..
                                  3), Assess if and where atmospheric deposition poses potential threats to
                                    surface waters and/or biqlogial communities.
                                  4) Identify the sources of such pollutants.
                                  5) Determine if identified sources can be reduced with existing
                                    technology and/or best management'practices.
                                             
                                  6) Develop plans to reduce, where Orqktical, amounts of polllitants from -
                                    identified sources.,
                                    Implement the developed integrated strategy to reduce to,-the greatest
                                    practical extent.
                                  8) Promote energy conservation, to reduce emissions from polwer
                                    facilities.


                        Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                        County and Municipal Governments
                        Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                      .'Florida Department of Agriculture/Division.of Forest r16q@
                        Electric Utilities
                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                        Water -Management Districts
 







                                                                              
                                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                             





                      Expected benefits
                      Determnation of levels of potential pollution associated with atmospheric deposi-
                      tion, and address identified sources where feasible and implement,plan to-reduce
                      sources.


                      Monitoying Response
                      Install and collect appropriate information on levels of potential pollutants associ-
                      ated'with atmospheric deposition within the Charlotte Harbor NEP watersheds.

                      Preliminary Implementation Projects
                              Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                                
                                     Watershed Management Program Watershed Approach
                              Lee County
                                     Derelict Vessel Removal Program
                              Polk County
                                     take Mariana. Water Quality ImproVements
                                     Polk County Stormwater Management Plan Implementation
                              Sarasota' County
                                     South Lido Park Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring Station
                              Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                     'Estirnates of Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus.- and Total
                                             Suspended Solids Loadings To Charlotte Harbor, Florida
                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                      y
                                     Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program-
 






                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                  Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                                                                                                                   
   			


                       WQ-P: Encourage, expand, and develop incentives for the use of
                       reclaimed water.



                     Background
                     Utilities estimate that in-home use.of water accounts for approximately half of the
                     demand. Water reuse programs thus 6 'an be effective- methods of reducing current
                     andfuture -pressures on surface groundwater.

                     Quantifiable Objective - WQ-3


                                                                                      -NqER
                     Areas for Implementatiaw - A-11 watersheds within the Charlotte Harbor

                     Strategy
                           1) Evaluate effectiveness and benefits of existing water reuse programs.-
                                                                                      rge
                           2) Assess the'net-effects of reducing or eliminating existing disch 
                              and groundwaterinjections with regards to,impacts to surface and
                              groundwater.
                           3).Detertmne areas,where reuse programs would be of the potential.
                              greatest benefit.
                           4) Evaluate potential actions-with regards to public health\ concerns and
                              perceptions concerning the use of reelaimed water.
                           5)' Imple ment and expand programs where they meet' health and environ-
                              mental standards and are economically practical.
                     

                     Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                     Agricultural Industry.
                     County and Municipal Govemments
                     Florida Coastal, Management, Program.
                     Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                     Industry ,
                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     Water-Mangement Districts


                     Expected benefits':
                     Reduction in new and increasing potable water de mands on surfacqd and
                     groundwaters.
 






                                                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                           
                                                Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                   Monitoring Response
                   Determine and tracl water reuse in relation to overall increases in water consump-
                   tion.


                   Preliminary -Implementation Projects
                          Charlotte County.
                                 Promoting Reclaim Water in Charlotte County
                          City of Cape Coral-.
                                 Cape Coral Dual Water System,
                          City of Venice
                                 Venice Wastewater Reuse
                          Florida Department 4 Environmental Protection
                                 Maftdatory Phosphate Reclamation' & Permitting -(Regulatory)
                                 Non-Manda'to'ry Phosphate Reclamation  (Grants Program)
                                 Reclaimed Water Use Development
                                 Saddle Creek Restoration. and Alternative Mitigation,'
                          Sarasota County
                                 Expansion/of theReuse Distribution System
                          Southwest Florida Water Manage thent District
                                 Ongoing Efforts to Restore the Hydrology of the Upper Myakka
                                        Rivet Watershed
                                 Southwest Florida Water Management District's Reuse Program
                          'US. Environmental Protection Agency
                                 Clean Water Act Section 326q6 National Estuary, Program
 






                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                         WQ-Q:    Reduce contaminants from marina and dock ol)erations.



                       Background
                       The Charlotte Harbor,NIEP working groups felt that current rules and regulations
                       probably sufficiently' address. such issues: However, there were concerns With re--
           q4          'gard to both enforcement. as well as the regulation of boat hull cleaning operations
                       and practices Within NEP waters.

                       Q.                      WQ-6
                          antilable Objective.,
                       Areas- for Implementation - Coastal areas, rivers, andi larger- lakes with -the
                       Charlotte Harbor NEP -study area. -

                       Strate
                                                                                  d with,marina and
                              1) Identify sources of pollutants and toxins associate
                                 dock'operations Within waters of the Charlotte Harbor NER
                              2) Design monitoring programs to assess potentil impacts.
                              3), Implement or enhance, monitoring programs to determine pollutant
                                 levels'within previously -identified areas.
                              4). Require edective- corrective action's lo rqeduc sources, of identified
                                 144qP
                                    Ilutantqg.
                                  0
                              5) Encourage development of regulatory best management practices
                                 (BMPs) at, the coun and municipal level.

                       Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                       Commiercial Marine'-and Boating industry
                       County and Municipal Governments
                       Florida Coastal Management Program
                       Floni da Department of Environmental ProtectionI
                       Trade Associations                          r
                       'U.S'Eiivironmental Protection Agency
                       West Coast Inland Navigation District

                       Expected benefits
                       Reduction in sources -of pollutants -and toxins associated with boating operations.

                       Monitoring Response
                       Specific monitoring programs of potential pollutants from identified marina and
                       dock'-facilities.





           16
 






                                                             Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                    r
                                                  Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                                                                                       Wan          


                    Preliminary Implementation Projects
                            City of Fort Myers
                                   Storm Water Management Program (SWMP) Surface Water
                                          Management Master Plan
                            Florida Deliartqnient of Environmental Protection
                                   Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water eQuality Monitoring.
                                          Network (CHEVW4qQMN)
                                   Clean Marina Prografti (CMP) Assessment-
                                   Envirorimentally Responsible, Marinas and Boat-maintenance
                                          Practices
                                   Evaluation of Biological/Physical Impacts of Anchorages
                                   -Landward-Source Petroleum Discharges,
                                   Southwest Florida Anchorages Monitoring
                            Lee County
                                   Small Quality Hazardous Waste'Generator Program
                            Polk County
                                   Crooked-Lake Water Quality Enhancement (Seminole Ave.
                                          Stormwater Detention Pond)
                            Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council,
                                   Managing -Selected Anchorages and Harbors - Southwest Florida
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agec_y
                                   Clean Water Act Section.-320 Nanal Estuary Program
                                   Coastal Nonpoint Program
                                   Nonpoint Source Program
                            Volunteer Scientific Research Team, 2qncqk,
                                   Marine'Research and Education






























                                                                                                   _2q@       q0q0q@
                                                                                                            163
 






                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                             FW-A:   Where. practical, identify and remove areas of heavy invasive
                            exotic vegetation from the Charlotte Harbor NEP study area.


                         Backgroun
            toll,        . I - I
                         Significant wildlife habitat in the study area has been extensively invaded and al-
                         -tered by invasive exotic vegtation.  Programs and incentives need to b e developed
                         fo reduce and control both the,exterit and spread of such invasive exotic vegetation.

                         Quantifiable Objective       qFW-2, FW-4

                         Are m for'Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area
            8q*
           A
                         Strategy'
                                  1) Identify areas of -,heavy invasiveotic ve    etation'and incorporate a
                                      1     I-        I g
                                     ranking matrix for public lands.
                                     'Develop plans to reduce coverage in areas containing or linking
                                     significant habitats.
                                  3) Require exotic removal and maintenance as a condition of all new
                                     permits (dock' surface water, land- clearing, etc.) for develo' ment.
                                                                                                     
                                 -4) Developiqld encourage county and community-baged programs for
                                     -the removal-of exotics and the maintenanceof 'native vegetation on.
                                     public lands
                                     Develop and implement incentive (rebate) programsqto encourage
                                     removal of exotics and the, maintenanc    e -of hative\ vegetation on private
                                     lands'.
                                  6). Alter- pen  Aitti nig regula honsto encourage landowners to remove exotic
                                     vegetation prior to land development.
                                  7) Institute local ordinances for the removal of nuisance vegetation.

                                                                                                                   ,
                         6q06tential Responsible Agencies &-Organizations
                         Civ ic Groups
                         County and Municipal Governments
                         Exotic Pest Plant Council
                         Florida Department of Transportation
                         Florida Department of EnvIroment qal Protecti6n
                         Florida 'Fish and t Wildlife Conservation Commission
                         Individual Property Owners,
                         Mosquito. Control Districts
 



												
		
                                                                 Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
            									Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan				
		                                                                                                                                         
                      National Marine Fisheries Service
                      Not-for-Profit Conservation Organizations
                      U.S. Fish'and Wildlife Service
                      U.S.- Army Corps of Engineers-
                      Water- Management Districts

                      Expected Benefits
                      Reduction in the coverage of exotic vegitation of both'existifg and new areas.  In-
                      creased habitat value.'


                      Monitoring Response
                     'Determine existing extent and-Maintenance of restored habitats.

                      Preliminary Implementation Projects
                              The Calusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve of Pine Islandi Inc.
                                     Pine Island Watershed Natural Resource Assessment Geographic -
                                             Information System(GIS)
                              Charlotte County -
                                     East Spring' Lake
                                     Charlotte County Exotic Eradication and Control Program
                              Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                     Identification and Removal of Invasive Exotic Species From
                                             With-in. the Charlotte Harbor NEP Study Area
                              City of North Port
                                     North Port Conservation Land Banking
                              City of, Punta Gorda-
                                     Punta Gorda Geographic Information System
                                     Punta Gorda Nature Park Restoration, Phase 
                              City of Sanibel
                                     Environmental Restoration of Approximately     1600 Acres of
                                             Conservation Lands Along the Sanibel River Corridor
                                     Eradication of Melaleuca and Brazilian Pepper from Sanibel Island
                                     Sanibel Island Surface Water Management Plan
                              City of Venice
                                     Venice Area Native Vegetation. Protection
                              Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                     A56qf56qtiq.gator Creek Hydro  logical Restorat ion Project
                                     Beker B (Wingate Creek)
                                     Buffer Preserve Thre Lakes Nature Trail
                                     Cayo Costa State Park
                                     Charlotte Harbor State Buffer Preserve Management Activities



                                                                                                                    65,
 






                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                     Draft Comperhensive Conservation and Management Plan




                                    Charlotte- Harbor State Buffer Preserve Public Education
                                    Citizen Support Organization,(CSO) The Friends Of,The Charlotte
                                           Harbor Aquatic Preserves,,Inc,
                                    Don Pedro Islandnd State/Recreation Area
                                    Environmental Resources Permitting/invasive Exotic-,6qVegetative
                                           Removal
                                    Estero Bay Buffer reserve -Exotic Plant Removal Project
                                    Exotic'Pet Plant Public Awarenes's Campaign
                                    Gasparilla Island'State Recreation Area
                                    Greater Charlotte Harbor Ecosystem' Management 'Area Initiative
                                    Invasive Pest Plant Management at Estero Bay State Buffer
                                          -Preserve (EBSBP)
                                    Koreshan State Historic'Site
                                    Lovers Key'State Recreation Area
                                    Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation &'Permitting   (Regulato'
                                                                                            rqy
                                    Mound Key State Archeological Site
                                    Myakka River State Park
                                  -Myakka Wild and Scenic River
                                    Myakkahatchee'Creek Environmental Park Restoration
                                    Non-Mandatory Phosphate, Reclamation   (Grants, Program.
                                    Paynes Creek State Historic Site
                                  /Public Access Facilities in Estero Bay State Buffer Preserve
                                           (EBSBP)
                                    Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative. Mitigation
                                                                                          ape Haze
                                    South Florida Coastal Ecosystem Restoration loitia
                                           Peninsula Melaleuca Removal Project/Education'and
                                           Public Outreach
                                    Stump Pass State creation TAreqa
                                    The Nature's Lovers Guide to Pine Island-
                            J.N. "Ding" Darlim! National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Department of,the
                             Interior
                                    Exotic Species Control on Sanibel -Island
                                    J.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge Exotic Plant
                                           Control Plan
                                    Partners for 0qish and Wildlife Program/Challenge Grant,
                                           Cost-Share
                            National Marine. Fisheries Service.
                                    Fisheries Habitat Conservation Program
 







                                                               Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                                                                                                
                             Polk County
                                    Eagle Lake/Millsite Regional Drainage Project
                                    Environmental Lands Acquisition Program ln'Polk.County
                                    Lake Parker/Saddle Creek - Regional Drainage Project
                                    Peace Creek Canal/Wahneta - Regional Drainage System
                                            Enhancement
                                    Polk County Aquatic Weed Control Program
                             Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation, Inc-.-
                                    Habitat Management and Ecology Program: Prescribed Burning,'
                                            Wetland and Upland Enhancement,Monitoring, and
                                            Applied- Research-of Native Flora and Fauna
                                    Invasive Exotic Pest Plant Removal and Long-term Control
                                            Program
                                    Landscaping for Wildlife'
                             Sarasota County
                                    I Mabry Carlton, Jr. Memorial Reserve and Pinelands Reserve
                                            Monitoring and Stewardship Programs
                             Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                    Habitat Rest6q6ration, Including Projects on Don Pedro, Island, Cape          qVqi
                                            Haze Peninsula, Punta Gorda Isles, and the Alligator Creek
                                            Addition of the Charlotte Harbor Buffer Preserve
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                    Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                             West Coast Inland Navi ation District
                                                      
                                    Waterway Management for the West Coast Inland Navigation
                                            District


























                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2q;40q7
                                                                                                                6
 






                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                        Draft Comprehemsive Conservation and Management Plan

           


                          FW-B/FW-P: Enhance fish and wildlife habitat along shorelines includ-
                          ing canals., lakes, riverinJe systems,,and artificial waterbqodies.



                        Background
                        In many areas of the Charlotte harbor NEP, natural marine, estuarine, and-freshwa-
                        ter shorelines have been hardened or modified during development.         Programs and'.'
                        incentives should be developed to encourage "softening" and increase the habitat
                        structure of these previously modified areas. In addition, such,procedures should
                        become -standard operation procedures for any. future peqn0qnitted sheline alterations'.

                        Quantifiable Objective - FqW-2

                        Areas for Implqemenitation - Developed waterfront,are4qds within the, Charlotte Har-
                        bor NEP study area

                        Strategy
                                 1) Encourage the use of riqprap and'artificial reef structures uiqider docks
                                    and -along existing seawalls- to enhance 8qhzqiqbitat value.
                                 2) Encourage qnprap. ordinances at the local level and encourage
                                    nprapping the toe of the existing seawalls.
                                3 Devlop pblic,education and awareness programs,
                                    Pevelop and support incentive programs for private l0qandow'neirs, and
                                    review and improve existing permit process to reduce hurdles.
                                    Encourage theuse of alternatives to vertical bulkheads along -
                                    developed shorelines through the.   permitting- process.
                                6) Vqricourqage planting of approlqiqtiqAte native vegetation and allow
                                    trimning and maintenance by -property owners.
                                    Develop education programs and literature directed at residents living
                                             ficial canals.,
                                    along arti
                                    Provide state/federal technical  assistance to secure Clean Water Act -
                                    Section .319 nonpoint source pollution control grants,

                        Potential Responsible Agencies         Organizations
                        Artificial Reef Organizations,
                        County'and Municipal Governments
                        Florida Department, Environrnental Protection
                        Florida Fish. and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                        Individual Property'Owners
 






                                                              Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                   Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                     National Marine Fisheries Service
                                I                        
                     Not-for-Profit Conservation Organiztions
                     U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                     U.S. Environmental Protection" Agency
                     U.S. Fish and Wildlife. Service,                                                         
                     Water Management,Districts

                     Expected Benefits
                     Improved diversity of structure and increased. marine, estuarine, and freshwater habitat.
                     value along modified shorelines.

                     Monitoring Response
                     Monitor and calculate the. length of shoreline restored.

                     Preliminary Implementation Projects
                            Charlotte County
                                    Artificial Reef Program,
                                    Artificial, Shoreline Stucture Prohibition
                            Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                    Natural Shoreline Education
                            City of Punta Gorda.
                                    Punta Gorda Nature Pa Restoration, Phase- I
                                    Punta. Gorda Reef Ball Project
                            City of Venice
                                    Venice Intracoastal Waterway Park
                            Florida Department of Environmental, Protection.
                                    Alligator Creek Hydrological Restoration Project
                                    Aquatie Preserve Management Maps
                                    Buffer Preserve Three Lakes Nature Trail
                                    Charlotte Harbor State Buffer-Preserve Public Education
                                    Citizen Support Organization (CSO) The Friends Of The Charlotte
                                           Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Inc.
                                    Environmental Resources Permitting/Alterriative Shoreline
                                           Stabilization -
                                    Evaluation of Biolojical/Physical Inipacts of Anchorages'
                                    Greater- Charlotte Harbor Ecosystem Management Area Initiative
                                    Myakka Wild and Scenic- River,
                                    Public Education Programs





                                                                                                            169
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		Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
		Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                                        


                           Lee County
                                  Beach Renourishmrnt/Monitoring Program
                           National Marine Fisheries Service.
                                  Fisheries Habitat. Conservation Program
                           Polk County
                                  Environmental Lands, Acquisition Program,, In Polk County
                           Sarasota County
                                  Habitat Impro'vement: Modification. of -Previously Hardened
                                  Natural Shorelines
                           Sanibel-CAPtiya Conservation Foundation,' Inc.
                                  Landscaping for Wildlife
                           Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                  Habitat Restoration, Including Projects on Don Pedro Islan d, Cape.
                                  Haze Peninsula'. Punta Gorda Isles, and the Alligator Cre'ek
                                         Addition' of the Charlotte Harbor Buffer Preserve,
                           U. S. Army Cor of Engineers
                                           
                                  Fish and Wildlife Habitat Improvements and Programs
                           -U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section 320qQ National Estuary Program
                                  Wetlands Regulatory Program



























          IN
 






                                                                  Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                 Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Managemetn Plan 

                                                                 



                         FW-C:    Restore freshwater and estuarine wetland areas, especially
                         those adversely impacted by ditching, using the following methods: the
                         backfilling of ditches, the removal of spoil piles, the elimination -of
                         invasive exotic vegetation, and other restoration techniques.


                       Background
                       Many tidally flooded wetland areas within the coastal 4reas of the Charlotte Harbor
                       NEP were historically "ditched" to hydrologically alter these habitats to reduce the
                       breeding of saltmarsh mosquitos. Many of these areas have been heavily invaded by
                       invasive exotic vegetation as a result of the spoil piles left by such ditching activi-
                       'ties.

                       Quantifiable Objective -TW-2, FW-4

                       Areas for Implementation -. State buffer.and preserve lands, county and'munici-
                       pal lands, and -marsh areas currently held in private owneriship.

                       Strategy
                               I   Potential 'responsible, agencies and organizations should develop a plan
                                   to identify and restore impacted areas within their communities or
                                   jurisdiction.
                               2)  Develop an area-wide plan and rank areas-for restoration.
                               3)  Implement the,restoration program,
                               4)  Develop a program for offsite mitigation credits.
                               5)  Develop a geoqiraphic information system (GIS) data layer of all
                                   mosquito ditching in the- study area and use this information to
                                   pfioritize restoration projects.

                       Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                       'County and Municipal Governments
                       Florida IqYepartment of Environmental Protection
                       Florida Fish 'and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                       Mosquito Control Districts
                       National Marine Fisheries Service
                       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                       U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                       Water Management Distri40q&92q@s
 







                                                                                                                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
																				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                      ,Expected Benerits
                      Improved hydrologic    function of currently impacted high   marsh/low marsh    sy
   C                  qAems and increased native vegetation.'

          A
                      Monitoring Response.
                      Conduct'survey studies   to determine  effectivenessof exotic vegetation removal,
                      restoration of wetland areas, and the filling of ditches.

                      Preliminary Implementation Projects
                                                  0
                              Charlotte County
                                      Charlotte County Envirmnental Regulatory Program
                              The Calusa qI:and Trust -and Nature Preserve- of Pinelsland, Inc.
                                      -Pine Island Watershed atural Resource Assessment Geographic
                                             Information System (GIS)
                              Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                      Partial Restoration, of Huckaby Creek, Phase 11
                              City of. Punta (;or6q4a
                                      Punta Gorda Geographic Information System
                                                       2p
                                      Punta.Gorda Nature Park Restoration, Phase, 11
                              Florida Department-of Environmental Protection
                                      Alligator Creek Hydrolgica Restoration Project
                                      Buffer Preserve Three Lakes Ndtufe Trail
                                      Charlotte -Harbor State Buffer Preserve Management.Activities
                                      Greater Charlotte Harbor Ecosystem Management Ara Initiative
                                      Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation& Permitting (Regulatory)
                                      Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation
                                      Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation
                                      The Nature's Lovers' Guide to Pine Island
                              National Marine Fisheries Service
                                      Fisheries Habitat Conservation Program
                              Polk County
                                      Eagle Lake/Millsite Regional Drainage Project
                                      Environmental Lands Acquisition Program 18qA Polk County
                                      Lake Parker/Saddle -Creek - Regional Drainage Project
                                                 k Canal/Wahneta - Region
                                      Peace. Cree                           al Drainage System
                                             Enhancement






                                                                                                                q-qYq.
 






                                                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                 Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                           Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation, Inc.
                                  Habitat Management and Ecology Program: Prescribed Burning,
                                         Wetland and Upland Enhancement, Monitoring, and
                                         Applied Research of Native,Flora and Fauna
                                  Invasive Exotic Pest Plant Removal and Long-term Controt
                                         Program
                           Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                  Habitat Restoration, Including Projects on Don Pedro Island, Cape
                                         Haze Pdninsula,Punta Gorda'Isles, and the(Alligtor Creek
                                         Addition of the'Charlotte'Harbor Buffer Preserve
                           U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
                                  Fish and Wildlife Habitat Improvements, and Programs
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                          T%0q*
                                  Cleah Water Act Section -320 National Estuary Program
                                  Wetlands Regulator'
                                                    y Program




























       7




                                                                                                         08q73
 






                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
			    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                        

                                                            yew



          N
                      788qF
                        FW-D, Develop a program to educate people about environmentally
                        responsible boat rn'g practices.


          Cb          Background
                      :qrhe development,' distribution, and communication (A information to the public
                      concerning actions that cafi be.tqaken.to protect shallow water habitats aqnd prevent,.
                      Pollution should be one of the- primary goals of the Charlotte Harbor NEP's educa-
                      tion"strategy.

                      Quantifiable Objective - FW-2, FW-3

                      Areas for, Implementation    Coastal Counties within the Charlotte Harbor NEP'
                      stud
                          y area


                      Strategy.
                             1)  Develop slide programs for each of the major estuarine areas that
                                 show the habitat losses associated with prop damage and how boaters
                                 can avoid damage to grass beds.
                             2)  Train volunteer speakers to make such presentations at,local civic and
                                 business groups, Jq6cal schools, as well as boating and fishing
                                 associations.
                             3) -Integrate presentations into local area environmentally responsible
                                 boating courses.
                             4)  0qMqduce -environmentally responsible boating practice literature and -
                                 distribute to all watercraft owners.
                             5)  Continue development of county.and ciq@,y manatee protection- plans.

                      Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                      Coast Guard, Auxiliary
                      County and Municipal Governments
                      Floqn'ida Department Environmental Protection
                      Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                      Florida Coastal-Management Program
                      Florida Sea Grant Program
                      Marine Advisory Committees
                      -Not-for-Profit Conservation Organizations-
                      4q@power Squadron
                      Local Schoool .Districts
                      'Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council
                      Statewide and Local Boating and Fishing. Organizations
                      U.S. Coast Guard
                        100qrI

































                      West Coast Inland Navigation'Distict
          q1 704q472qr
 






                           A_                               Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                  Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                    Expected Benefits
                    Increase boater awareness of potential damage to marine habitats.
                    Monitoring Rq@qs6qponq@se          q@luation
                    Feedback from target group ev'       s aqnd surveys.

                    Preliminary Implementation Projects
                             Charlotte County
                                   Evaluation of Biological/Physical impacts of Anchorages
                                   Manatee/Seagrass Task Force
                             Char lotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.:
                                   Environmental Boating -Education
                             -City of Venice
                                   City of Venice Public Information and Education
                             Charlotte County
                                   Environmental Information Center (EIC).
                             Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                   Aquatic Preserve Management Maps
                                   Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality- Monitoring
                                          Network(CHEVWQMN) -
                                   Citizen Support Organization (CSO) the Friends ofthqe Charlotte
                                          Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Inc.
                                   Public Education Programs
                                   Reduce Propeller Damage to'Seagrass Beds
                                   Southwest Florida Anchorageqg Monitoring
                             Lee County
                                   Manatee Protection Plan
                             Sarasota County
                                   Habitat Protection-While Boating
                             Sanibel-@8qCaptiva Conservation Foundation, Inc.
                                   Captqiq@a Cruises Partnership,
                                   Realtor Education Workshop
                                   Realtors' Environmental Orientation
                                   Resident Environmental Orientation
                             Southw36q&tql Florida Regional Planning, Council'
                                   Managing Selected  ''Anchorages and Harbors  Southwe st Florida
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                   Clean Water Act S ection 320 National 76qtstuary-P0qr0qoql0qg48qp6qm
                                   Wetlands Regulatory Program
                             Volunteer Scientific Research Team
                                   Marine Research and Education
                             West Coast Inland Navigation District
                                   Waterway Management for the West Coast Inland Navigation
                                   District
                                                                                                           108q75
 






                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                    an
                      Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                        W-E:   Develop both a public service announcement (PSA) and a
                        longer video on boating impacts to seagrass beds and- how to avoid
                        seagrass damage-.


                      Background
                      The- development, distribution, and communicatior -of information to the public
                      concerning actions that can be taken to protect shallow, water habitats.and prevent
                      pollution- should be one of the pirmriary-goals of the Charlotte,Harqlqior NEP.

                      Quantifiable Objective - FW-3

                      Areas 0qWr Implementation - Coastal, counties within the Charlotte Harbor N2qEP

                      Strategy_
                             1)  Develop short public service announcements for radio. and television
                                 qQqxplqaqining boafing impacts on local seagrass beds, the effects, and
                                -how to avoid prop damage.
                             2) Educatejocal4qbqroqddcasterq@ of the need for the public service
                                 announcements.


                      -Potential Responsible Agencies    Organizations
                      County and Municipal Governments
                      Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                      Florida Department Environmental Protection
                      Florida Coastal Management Program-
                      Florida Gulf Coast University
                      Local Radio Stations
                      Local Television Broadcasting Stations
                      -Manne-Advisory Committees
                      Marine Mqanufactu8qhng. Association
                      Not-for-Profit Conservation, Organizations,
                      Public broadcasting Stations
                      Local'School Districts,
                      Florida Sea G8q@ant Program
                      State-wide and Local'Boating, and'Fishing Organizations.-
                      West Coast Inland Navigation- District,

                      E48q@04qpected: Benefits
                      Increase public awareness of potential habitat losses resulting from pro damage to
                      seagrass beds..
 








                       /
                                                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                            Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Managemetn Plan               
                                            



                 Monitoring Response
                 Feedback from target group evaluations and surveys.

                 Preliminary Implementation Projects
                       Charlotte County
                              Manatee/'Seagrags Task For
                       City of Venice
                              City of Venice Public Information and Education
                       Florida Department'of Environmental Protection
                              Citizen Support'Organization (CSO) the Friends of the Charlotte
                                    Harbor Aquatic Preserves, -Inc.
                       Lee County
                              Manatee Protection Plan
                       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                              Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                              Wetlands Regulatory Program
                       West Coast Inland Navigation District
                              Water Way Management for the West Coast Inland Navigation
                                    District'






























                                                                                            177
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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                  





                          FW-,F:   Develop,. install, and maintain custom signs indicating the
                                                                 
                          location. -of shallow areas, (such as s agrass bedsq@ mudflats, oyster beds,
                          etc.) to be placed at boat ramp& and other appropriate locations where
                          there is high boat use.


                         Background
                         An effective -method  used  to protect shallow  estuarine  habitats,is to provide ad-
                         e uate public information about local waters and potential shallow-areas'. Thispub-
                         
                         lic information0                                                                   1
                                       n-sh uld be provided at boat ramps and marinas where boaters wil
                         see. the information.


                         Quantifiable Objective - FW-2; FW73-

                         Areas for Implementation - coastal counties within the Charlotte. Har4or NEP

                         Strate
                                 1) Within each of the major estuarine areas, develop sigr@s specifically
                                    de'signed for individual boat ramps and marinas depicting how to-
                                    avoid damage to local*area seagrass beds; as well as the locations of
                                    oyster beds, etc.
                                 2) Work with,counties, marina owners, etc. to have these signs placed in
                                    appropriate locations and maintained.

                         Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations.
                         County and Municipal GoveMrrqients
                         Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
                         Florida. Department Enviroqmneqiqltqdl Protection
                         Marine Advisory Committees-
                         Prqiq@ate Mqaqirinas and.q@Yac6qAt Clubs'
                         Florida Sea Grant Program
                         State-wide and Local Boating and Fishing Organizations
                         U,.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                         West Coast, Inland Navigation District

                         Expected Benefits'-
                         Redui4q@e impacts to seagrass and oyster beds caused by boaters,

                         Monitoring Response
                         Long-term inventory of seagrass prop scarringq'damage.
 






                                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                           Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                              





                     Preliminary Implementation Projects
                             Charlotte County
                                     Manatee/Seagrass 8q7ask Force
                             City of, Punta Gorda
                                     City of Punta Gorda Manatee Protection Plan
                             City of Venice'
                                     City of Venice Public Information And Education
                             Florida-Department of Environmental Protection
                                     Environmental ResourcesqPermitting (ERP) Program qClqean Marina
                                            Program
                                     Southwest  IFlorida Anchorages, Monitoring
                             Sarasota County,
                                     Educational Signage at Boat Ramps-
                             US/. qk0qnvirq6nmental Protection Agency,.
                                     Clean Water Act Section'320 National Estuary Pr   Iogram
                                     W0q&qlanqds.Reguilatory Pr8q9gram
                             West Coast Inland Navigation District
                                     Waterway Management for the W0qCst Coast Inland Navigation
                                            District
















                                                                             Jf



























                                                                                                         - -------- -
                                                                                                                 179
 







                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
				
                                       _
                               G: Develop and distribute'boater maps and stickersqfor the Chaqr7-
                          qlotte Harbor'N0qEP-areas, including reso0qu     Irces tqoqavoid.

                        Background
                        One of the methods that could be used to protect shallow water habitats is to 'pro-
                        vide detailed mapping and information of at-risk resources to boaters.

                        4qQuaiqttqi8qf8qi
                                 able Objective     F0qW-3


                                                                        qs
            q@qr          Areas for Implementation       Coastal countie' with-in the CharlotteHarbor NEP
                        -Strategy
            fqt                  1) 'Continue to develop boater guides for'e_0qkqh Charlotte Harqbqdr NEP
                                   estuarine area emphasizing:
                                   0q4-  the importarqiqce-6f seagrass beds;
                                       how to avoid damage to seagrasses;
                                         c
           %q2                      Aqo, -qlo al navigational channels and shallow areas' to be'avoi8qded;
                                       how to remove a boat from a seagqrass bed;
                                       manatee. habitat. and,- areas where they are known'to'frequent if
                                       different seasons;
                                   4q4.  proper anqghorage loca4qdonqs;
                                   q4qe  proper pollution prevention practices; and
                                       proper boat drafts.
                                2q) Develop and implementa plan for, the'e0qf0qfective distribution of maps
                                   and sticke8qm.
                               3q),. q1dentify Areas of critical manatee habitat and specific locations where,
                                   they are known to seasonally qfrqe0q4uent. Highlight t0qhe'se areas on all
                                   q6qducqational'mqdterials.
                               4) -Distribute educational materials- at marine dealers, watercraft riental
                                   businesses, mqarinas,-tack-lqe shops, qï¿½porting good' stores, and include
                                   with boat registration packages.

                        Potential Respimqsible-Agencies & Organizations-
                        County, and Municipal Governments
                        Florida Marine Research Institute
                        Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                        Florida Sea Grant Program-
                        Florida,Departme6qnt Environmental Protection
                        Marine Advisory Committees
                        Not-for-Profit Conservation q'Organizations
                        .-Statewide and Local Boating and Fishing Oqr6qg2qa8qni84qiations
                                             a vig6qation Di2qï¿½triqc2qj
                        -West Coast Inland N
 






                                                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                _Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                     




                    Expected Benefits
                    Reduction in habitat damage caused-by lack-of specific local knowledge by the
                    general boating public.

                                                                                                         qt0q4,.
                    Monitoring Response
                    Lon -terrn inventory of seagrass prop scarr
                                                           ing damage.

                    Preliminary Implementation Projects
                           Charlotte County
                                  Manatee/Seagrass Task Force
                           City of Punta Gorda
                                  City of Punta Gorda Manatee0qProtection Plan
                           City- of Venice
                                  City,of Venice Public Information and Education
                           Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                  Southwest Florida.Anchorages Monitoring
                           Lee County
                                  Manatee Protection Plan-
                           Sarasota County
                                  Boaters' Guide for Upper Lemon Bay and Venice
                           Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council
                                  Managing Selected Anchorages and Harborsq Southwest Florida.
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary'PqKogranqf.
                                  Wetlands Regulatory Program
                           Volunteer-'Scientific Research Team
                                  Marine Research and Education
                           West Coast Inland Navigation District
                                  Waterway Management foqr the West Coast, Inland Navigation
                                        -District'














                                      qN.




                                                                                                       181
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                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                         FW-H:    Develop and support digital resources map system on the'
                         Internet for the public tonse.


                       Barkground
                       This system provides a method of distributing detailed information and mapping of
                       local areas to citizerqis.,q@A digital system qcqan be easily updated,as additional habitat
                      'information is-,developed.                                               ly

                       Quantifiable -Objective - FW-3'

                       Areas for Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP, study area

                       Strategy'
                              Develop an Internet site q@vith the following types-'o4qrinformation:
                              4q0- the location and importance of at-risk benthic 'resources;
                              **                  ,    s
                                  major habitat types a' well as metho0q&. to preserve and avoid damage
                                  to 0q1abqitat;
                                  endangered species habitat in the study area;.
                                  for each of the estuarine areas develop maps specifically designed to
                                  show seagrass beds, oyster beds, major navigational- channels, ramps
                                  and man  .nas as well as area's to be avoided based boat. draft and given
                                  tidal stages;
                              4q0-.. links- to additionalprograrns qdncf databases; and
                                                  a                                            lic access'
                                  wilthin study are'watersheds, show the location of parks, pub
                                  locations, public lands,'conservation lands, greerqiways, bluewa'ys, and.@
                                  similar public qiqesources; and groundwater 'level and -withdrawal
                                  information.


                       Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                       Countyaqnd Municipal   Governments
                       Florida Department Environmental Protection
                       Florida Marine Research Institute
                       Florida Fish andq.2qWildlifq6 Conservation Commission
                       Florida Natural Areas Inventory
                       Florida Gulf Coast University
                       Florida 4q8e12q@ Grant Program
                       Florida Coastal Management Program
                       Ma0qkine Advisory Commi2qt2qtee6qg
                       Mote Mafine Laboratory




           18 2
 







                                            Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                             Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                  National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
                  Not/f
qOrProfit Conservation Organiations
                  State-wide and Local Boating and Fishing Organizations.
                  West. Coast Inland Navigation District

                  Expected Benefits
                  'Reduced amounts of habitat damage by,the general boating public.

                  Monitoring Response
                        duce amounts of habitat'damage caused by the general boating public and, in-
                       creased environmental reslionsibility.

                  Preliminary Implementation Projects
                        The Cajusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve, of Pine Island, Inc.
                              Pine Island Watershed Natural Resource Assessment Geographic
                                           tion                                               10q"
                                     'Informa  System (GIS)
                        City of Punta Gorda
                              Punta Gorda Geographic Information System -
                        Sarasota County
                              Resource Management Division Geographical Information           0qZqf
                                     Systems Program
                        Southwest Flon'da Regioial Planning Council.
                              Managing Selected Anchorages and Harbors -.Southwest Florida
                              q5trategiqc Land Acquisition/Conservation/Preservation Plan.for-
                                     Southwest Florida
                        If S. Environmental Protection Agency
                              Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                              Wetlands Regulatory Program
                        West Coast Inland Navigation District
                              Waterway Management for the West Coast. Inland Navigation
                                     District















                                                                                          7q-183
 





                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                             Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                          FWI&qW-T:Iq)ev'elop programs to improve.public awareness of habitat
                          and wildli feissues.


                       Background-
                       Thekq6y to the pqiotectioiql of fish and wildlife habitat is public support for current And
                       proposed programs`. Without effort's to enhance the-general public's awareness and/
                       or involvement in these'issues there,may-be     a lack of the need for many of the
                       NEP's-abitat actions.


                       Quantifiable 4qO6qbjecti8qVe     FW-2, FW-3

                       A
                          eqfqis
                         ;16q'   for Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area

                        qt  qt
                       S ra egy
                               I)- Increase programs andqopp6rtuni   ties for citizensto communicate with
                                 -,members of.4qmvironmental agencies and policy-making commJssions.
                               -2) Support development of comprehensive- environmental'science and-
                                  education curriculum at all levels of education.
                               3) Develop- and implement information and education programs for'
                                  developersi contractors', and builders about effective means of reducing
                                  habitat impacts. -
                               4) Develqdpand provide environmental education mqateni als to all new
                                  homeowners.
                                  Deyel6p displays with the following-types. of infoqn-nation:
                                  0q4-  the importance of seagrass.beds;
                                  -,*qe how to avoid damage to seagrasses;
                                  0q4-  how to,remove'a boqdt-from a sea
                                                                       grass bed;                                             f
                                  0q4-  maps specifically designed to showqseagrass beds, oYSter'qbars,
                                                                                         s qw       -areas to
                                  4-  major nqdvi0qgationq@ql @ channels, ramps and marinas @a    ell as
                                      be avoided based on draft of boat and for given 6qf6qidal, stages; and
                                  8q+   areas known  to be seasonally frequented by numbers of manatees.

                       Potential Responsible AqLqe0qucieqs &'-Or anizations'
                                                               q9
                       Boards of Education'.
                       County and Municipal Governments
                       Flonq*da Fishq'and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                       Honda Department of Environmental Protection
                       Notq-40q46rq-Profit Conservation'Organizations
                       U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service
                       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                       [;and
 






                                                                   Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                             
											Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                          Z


                                         Wildlife
                      'U.S. Fish and        Service
                                                                                                                       4q4
                       Water. Management Districts
                       West Coast- Inland Navigatior District

                       Expected Benefits                                                                                44qZq)
                       Increas ed public awareness of habitat and wildlife issues and,increase p blic sup-
                       port and participation.

                       Preliminary Implementation Project
                               The Calusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve of Pine Island, Iqnc.
                                       Pine Island Watershed Natural Resource Assessment Geographic
                                               Information System (GIS)
                               Charlotte County
                                       Charlotte County's Speaker Bureau Program
                                       Environmental Information Center (EIC)
                                       Manatee/Seagrass Task Force
                               Charlotte Harbor Environmental Cenferq@ Inc.
                                       Habitat and Wildlife Education
                                       Seagrass Exhibits
                                       Watershed Environmental, Education
                               City of North Port
                                       Myakkqahatchee Creek Preservation'Corridor
                                       NorthTorqt.Conservatiqon Land Banking-,
                               City of Sanibal
                                       Eradication.of Melaqieucaand Brazilian Pepper from Sanibel,
                                               Island
                               City of Venice
                                       City of Venice Public@ Information and Education'
                               Estero Bay qA0qlarine Laboratory
                                       Projed Pod -
                               'Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                       Aqiqluatic Preserve Management Maps
                                       Beker B- (Wingate, Creek)
                                       Buffer Preserve Three Lakes Nature Trail
                                       Cayo Costa State Park
                                       Charlotte Harbor Buffer Preserve Land Acquisition
                                       Charlotte Harbor Estuaries 0qV00qolunte8qer'Water Quality Monitoring,
                                               Network8q@q,2q(CHEVW72qQMN)
                                       Charlotte -Harbor State 2q1 0qIqtqiffer Preserve Public Education
                                       Citizen Support Organization 4q78q(CSO) The- Friends Of The Charlott        e
                                               Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Inc.
 






                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                           7
                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                    Citizen Su         anization (CSO) Estero Bay Buddies'
                                              
                                    Coastal Management Workshops
                                    Don Pedro Island State Recreation Area
                                    Evaluation of. Biological/Physical Impacts of Anchorages

                                                                      rea
                                    Gasparilla Island State7 Recreation A
                                    Koreshan State Historic Site
                                    Lake Howard Water'Quality and Habitat, Restoration. Project
                                    Lovers Key State Recreation Area
                                    Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Pern-iitting  (Regulatory),
                                                           Aogical Site
                                    Mound Key'State Archeo
                                    Myakka  River State Park-
                            V       Myakka Wild and Scenic River
                                    Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants, Program)
                                                   I I     .1 @     i                 @
                                    Paynes Creek State Historic Site.
                                    Public Acces's Facilities in Estero Bay-State-Buffer Preserve
                                          1(EBSBP)
                                    Public Education Programs
                                    Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation-,
                                    -South Florida Coastal Ecosystem Restoration- Initiative/Cape Haze
                                          Peninsula Melaleuca Removal Project Education and
                                          Public Outreach
                                    Stump Pass State Recreation Area
                                    Team Permitting -- Net Ecosystem Benefit Planning and Permitting
                                          Process
                                    The Nature's Lovers Guide to Pine Island
                            Fort My,
                                    ers Reach Marine- Resources Task Force
                                    Treasures of tha-
                            Lee County
                                    Manatee Protection Plan
                            Peace River/Manasota. Regional -Water Supply Authority
                                    The Peace River Water Authority's Regional Transmission Pipeline
                                    Educational- Trails,
                            Polk County
                                    Environmental Lands Acquisition Program In-Polk County
                                    'Garden Grove, Pines Stormwater Retrofit@ Project
                                    Jan Pqhyl Village Sfo6q!qrqr2qn44qwatq'er Retrofit Project
                            Sanibe.1-Captiva Conservation Foundation
                                    Habitat Management and Ecology Program: Prescribed Burning,
                                          Wetland and Upland Enhancement, Monitoring, a4qnd
                                          Applied Research of Native Flora and Fauna
                                    Landscaping for36qWildlife
 



                                                                   Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                 Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                           Sarasota County,
                                  Sarasota County'Public Information
                                  Sea Turtle Protection Program
                           Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council
                                  Managing Selected Anchorages and Harbors - Soutwest Florida
                           Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                  Communications Program
                           0ql6qbqktl-e Time, Inc.
                                  Turtle Time, Inc., Education and Motqfitoring Activities
                           U. S. Army Corps U Engineers
                                  Fish and Wildlife Habitat Improvements and Programs
                           8qV.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section 320 Natiorq@al Estuary Program
                                  Wetlands Regulatory Program.
                           Volunteer @Scientific Research Team
                                  Marine Research and Education
                           West Coast Inland Navigation District
                                  Waterq@vq@y Management for the West Coast Inland Navigation
                                         District
 






                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                      Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                       FW-J/FW-K/FW-0:      Develop a shallow water resource* marking pro-!
                       gram that includes establishing "no motor'zones" and 'limited -access
                       zones   where appropriate', based on Florida Marine Research Institute
                       (FMRI) seagrass studies and bird, rookery information.



                      Background
                      The most -feasible mechanismsq16 protect shallow, areas'and bird-rookerqiqes are "no-
                      motor zones"  and  .,limited access@ areas". Support for implementation requires
                      close coordination between the public and goVernment agencies.

                      Quantifiable Objective - FW-2, FW-3

                      Areas for.Implementation -Esiuqa6qf6qine'areas of coastal counties within the Char-
                      lottqe Harbor NEP


                      Strategy'
                             1) Review other qsimiqtar-qPrograms in Other areas of Florida and evaluate
                                potential problems.
                                              -Investigate severely scarred areas to determine their locations and
                                                 boundaries,,.'
                             3) Establish criteria for resource areas. that' need pro'tectiq6n.-
                             4) Establish working group-,to determine criteria for no motor zones" or
                               -"idle speed _ qneqs" such as:
                                0q4- areas -of qsqeverelyscarreqd sqeagrass beds;.
                                0q44q6- -areas'pfteqn frequented by manatees; qiquid,'
                                8q4qe waters surrounding significant bird rookeries.
                             5).- Work with local goq@,eqfnmeqnt and public groups and organizations tqo'
                                implement programs.
                             6) Establish effective enforcement and assessment mechanisms.
                             7q) Install aqnd maintain appropriate markers..
                             8) Determine areas where enhanceme' t f boating   channels would be
                                                                  n o
                                expected to reduce impacts to seagrasqs and, other benthic qc60qmmuqnqiqties.
                             9) Maintain channels, install navigational signage, and monitor
                               q@seagrasses to determine the -effectiveness of channel enhancements
                                keeping boaters -out of the, fragile areas.

                      Potential Responsible Agencies &'Organizations
                      Coast Guard Aux08qdqiaqryq@
                      County and Municipal Governments




          188qc76qr
 






                                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                                                                                                                 


                      Fishin and Guide Associations
                            
                      Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Comim'ssion
                      Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                      Florida Marine Research Institute
                      Florida Coastal Management Program
                      Local- Power Squadron
                      National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
                      Regional Harbor Board
                      U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service
                      U.S. Coast Guard
                      U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serqy'
                                                 ice
                      West Coast Inland Navigation -District

                      Expected Benefits
                      Reduced boatin impacts to specific sensitive areas and habitats.
                                     

                      Monitoring Response,
                      Determination. of Jevel of enforcement..

                      Prelimin ry Implementation Projects
                               a
                              Charlotte County
                                     Manatee/Seagrass Task Force
                              Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                     Citizen Support Organization (CSO) the Friends of the Charlotte
                                             Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Inc.
                                     Evaluation of Biological/Physicqdl Impacts of Anchorag
                                                                                            'qes.
                              2qJ.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge, U.S.-Department of the
                             --Interior,
                                     Refuge Boundary Buffer Establishment for Land Acquisition of
                                             the- J.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge Complex
                                     Tarpon Bay,8qRecreatioqnal Area Channel Dredging--/Extqension
                              Lee County
                                     4qYessel Management
                              Sarasota County
                                     Water Resource Marking Program
                              U.q.Sq. Army Corps of Engineers
                                     Fish and Wildlife Habitat Improvements and Programs
                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                     Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuarv Program
                                     Wetlands Regulatoryq.Program
                              West Coast Inland Navigation District
                                     Waterway Managementfor the West Coast Inland Navigation
                                             District


                                                                                                                196q89
 






                                                                                         
                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 
                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                              


                     
                        FW-U.- Provide additional, support for environmental. compliance and
                        enforcement within the area of the Charlotte Harbor NER



                     Background
                     Existing laws provide a sound,basis for habitat and 'Wildlife protection. However,'
                     the law enforcement agencies responsible -for enforcement of these laws'deserve
                     increased- support.

                     Quantifiable Objective - FW-3

                     Areas for qjmpl@mentation    Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area
         V*
                     Strategy
                            1) interact with judges, law enforcement officers, and state attorneys
                               'through a serious of, workshops on environmental issues, and
                               enforcement.
                            2) RevieW. existing laws to determine Whether civil fines would provide
                                     r deterrents.
                               grqeate
                            3)' Seek additional support for enforcement agents. Evaluate need for
                               civil penalties for violation's (criminal penalties changed to civil
                               pe nalties thrIough state statute). Recognize enforcement, agencies and
                               individuals (6.g. reward system) who, are active in enforcement of
                               environ'menial regulations.
                            4) Implement financial incentives' (Wildlife Alert) for pio-active reportiqn g
                               and implementation of existing. laws.
                            5) qtqncrease public awareness. regarding violaqtionis0qand i0qf0qf0qipacts to

                               resources.
                            6) Develop an interagency task force to coordinateqand reduce conflicts.
                            7) Increase the number of law enforcement officers and -vessels, in the
                               Charlotte Harbortudy area'.

                     Potential Responsible Agencies*& Organizations
                     Local and state law enforcement, including:
                        Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Co00qmqr0qr4qdssion
                        U.S. Fish -and-Wildlife Service
                        Florida State Attorney Office
                        U.S. Coast Guard
                      `q,q_8q!0q@ounty Sheriffs Departments
                        Florida Marine Patrol
                     Local, Elected Officials'
                     Local Judiciary
                        92q,
 




                                                                     
     
                                                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                 
										Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                    Expected Benefits
                    Reduced violations of existing'0qwildlife and habitat laws..

                    Monitoring Response
                    Track enforcement, citations, and public awareness.

                    Preliminary Implementation, Projects
                           City of Punta Gorda
                                  City of Punta Gorda Manatee Protection Plan
                           City of Venice
                                  'City, of Venice Public Information- and Education,
                           Charlotte County
                                  Development Review Process
                           Florida Department'of Environmental Protection
                                  Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting   (Regulatory)
                                  Myakka Wild and Scenic River
                                  Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation    (Grants Program)
                                  Saddle Creek Restorationand Alternative Mitigation
                           J.N. "Ding" Darling 'National Wildlife Refuge,,4qU.S.. Department of the
                           Interior
                                  Interagency Task Force Participation
                           Lee County
                                  Manatee Protection Plan
                           National Marine Fisheries Service
                                  Fisheries 6qkaqbitat Conservation Program
                           Southwest Florida_Regional Planning Council
                                  Managing Selected Anchorages and Harbors - Southwest Florida
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary. Program
                           West- Coast Inland Navigation District
                                  Waterway Management for the West C6ast Inland Navigation
                                         District

















                                                                                                        1992q1
 








     
                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                





                         FW-M:     Develop methods to enhance seagrass recovery from prop
                         scarring.



                       Background
                       Seagrasses damaged by prop scamng are very slow tofecover.    q1;q(eseaqich suggests
                       'that slow growth is attributable to-chang@es in- the sediments where. qseagrasqï¿½ rqhi-
                       zo0qmes grow. Methods can-be! developed which that reduce seqdgrass stresses'and
                       promote a rapid recovery of damaged areas:

                       Quantifiable Objective'- FW-2, FW-3

                       Areas for Implementation - Coastal estuarine'areas in the Charlotte Harbor NEP
                       study aq@eq@a

                       Strategy
                               1) Encourage research into the recovery of seagrass. areas damaged by-'.
                                  prop'scamng.
                               2) Continue seagrass ma ppil4q*'scarring assessments, and concurrent
                                  water qqualit             efforts.
                                              qy monit4qqqKlng

                       Potential Responsible Agencies. & Organizations
                       County and Municipal Governments
                       Florida Marine Research Institute
                       Florida Departiricqiqlitof Environmental Protection-
                       Universities and Research Institutes
                       Water Management Dis   tricts
                       2qWast Coast Inland Navigation District

                       Expected Benefits
                       Enhanced recovery -of damaged seagrass beds.

                       Monitoring Response
                       Determine -if rates of recovery. in experimental4qtes0qt areas' are significan2qt2qlq:y different, q-
                       from natural processes.








           1 928q48q!6q!0q:0q:q=2q:
 






                                                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                   Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                                                                    Preliminary Implementation Projects-
                          charloqtte County
                                East Spring Lake
                                Manatee/Seagrass. Task Force.
                          Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                Southwest Florida Anchorages. Monitoring
                                                                      q9
                          Lee County                    J
                                Vessel Management
                          Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                Ongoing Seagrass Mapping Efforts in Lemon Bay and Charlotte
                                       Harbor
                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                Clean'Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                Wetlands Regulatory Program


































                                                                                                   193
 






                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                               N
                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                                                     

                          FW-N:   Request local delegates to introduce state legislation to require
                          a boater operator's license and support increased presence of enforce-
                          ment officers on marine and fresh waters'.
                        


                        Background
                        Rapid increase in -recreational boat usage has increased the potential for impacts in
                        important habitats:, A boater operator's, license would provide an excellent opportu-
                        nity for 'new, operator's -to become aware of potential boating' impacts to,key re--
                        sources. Licensing process would teach boater's'the existing laws and regulations
                        regarding natural resources, as well as, ways to reduce damageJo seagrass beds and
                        shallow benthic habitats.


                                                  TW
                        Quantifiable Objective -      3-

                        Areas -for Implementation - Statewide

                        Strategy
                                          9
                               1), Investigate legislation from states-that have small boat operators'
                                  qUense programs.
                               2)  'Ask, legislative delegations to, implement boaters to obtain an
                                   operator's license.
                               3)  Require knowledge of rule's and regulations pertaining to
                                   environmental protection,as part of the program..
                               4)  Enc6urage legislative delegations to require boaters to obtain 'an
                                   operator's license.*
                               5)  Require that boaters have the knowledge of rules and qre   ulqations
                                                                                            q9
                                   pertainiq!qig to environmental protection as part the pqTograqm.
                               6) 'Aid and expand, the existing' juvenile license program.
                               7) Incre ase the number of law enforcement officers and vessels in the
                                  'Charlotte, Harbor study'area.

                        4qTotential. Responsible Agencies & Organizations.
                        B,4qoater and Fishing 60qQ0qrganiz6qations
                        Coastal Conservatior8qt Association
                        County and Municipal Governments'
                        28qFl6qr2qidaFish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                        Local Elected- Officials
                        Not-fo4qi-Profit Conserva6qrion'Organizations
                        Sheriff and Police Departments
 






                                                                   Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                   Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan                                                                                           


                      Expected )Benefits
                      Increased boater. awareness of laws and rules regarding environmental protection.
                      Reduced impacts to criqeal habitats.

                      Preliminary Impletnentaqf8qlqon Projects'
                              City-of Punta Gorda
                                      City of Punta [email protected]    Protection Plan
                              U.S. 'Environmental Protection Agency
                       La             Clean Water Act Se   Iction 320 National Estuary Program
 





                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                          
                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                          W-Q:, Ensure uniform compliance and enforcement -of environmental
                           regulations and permitting criteria.



                        Background
                        Existing laws and.pbriqnitting criteria provq@de a sound basis for haqbitaqi and wildlife
                        protection. However, law enforcement agencies responsible for.q6nfoqrce8qment of these
                        laws deserved increased support.- Enforcement of permitting and other envir      nmen-
                        tal regulations, should be unqiforiqn throughout the NEP study area.

                        Quantifiable Objective - FW-2, FW-3, 4qM-4

                        Ar                                                              S
                           eas foqr Implementation - EntireCharlotte Harbor NEP'tudy area

                        Strategy
                                 1q@ Identify areq7as of non-compliance 4q4ith. local, state,,distrqict and federal,
                                    rules- qand regula tions.
                                                                                            qc
                                 2) Cooperate with regulatory agencies to develop proto'olqs for annual
                                    reports that track the effectiveness of permit compliance qw'ithin'the
                                    Charlotte Harbor NEP study-qarea.
                                             0qaqr
                                 3) Develop i interagency task force to review enforcement of
                                    regulations and permitting criteria.-

                        Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                        County and Municipal     Governments
                        Florida.Department of Environmental Protection
                        FloridaDepartment of Community Affairs
                        Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                        U. S Environmental Protection Agency
                        U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                        U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service
                        V.S. Army, Corps 6f En
                                                 giqneers
                        Water -Management Districts

                        Expected. benefits
                        Increased awareness of   potential -problems with compliance fq,4qexisting -regulations.* -
                        Enhanced preservation of fish and 0qNvildlife habitats under existing regulations.

                        Monitoring Response-
                        Determine. if existing regulations are   effective and  if post-p6qeqrmit compliance/en-
                        forcement is being adequately implemented as intended by current rules and regulaq-
                        tionsq..
 







                                                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                              
                                                    
                                               



                  Preliminary ImplementationProjects
                         Charlotte County
                                Development Review Process
                         City 0qO4qfVqemce
                                City of Venice Public Information and Education
                         Florida Department.of Environmental Protection'
                                Environmental Resources Permitting/Altqernativqe Shoreline
                                       Stabilizatqi6n
                                Environmental Resourc8qd 6qPertnittingq/qInvasivqe Exotic 2qVegetativqt
                                       Removal
                                Mandatory Phoqï¿½phat0q& Reclamation   Perinitting (Regulatory)
                                Myakka Wild and Scenic River
                                Noqh-2qMandatory Phosphate Reclamation  (Grants-Prograqm)
                                Reduce- Propeller Damage to Sqgagrass Beds,
                                Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigatio- n'
                         Hardee County
                                Local Phosphate Mining Regulationqg-
                         Manatee'County
                                                                 -the 0qUS'Fish and Wildlife
                                Interdepartmental Coordination with
                                       Service,
                         National Marine Fisheries Service
                                Fisheries Habitat Conservation Program
                         'Polk. County
                                Garden Grove Pines Stormwater Retrofit Project
                         Sarasota County. -
                                Habitat Improvement: Improve Law Enforcement and Provide
                                       Consistent Regulatory -Authority Throughout the Charlotte
                                       Harbor NEP Area
                         U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
                                Fish and Wildlife Habitat Improvements, and Programs
                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program
                                Wetlands Regulatory Program
                         West Coast Inland, Navigaton-District
                                Waterway Management for the West Coast Inland Navigation
                                       District






                                                                                      6qA40q@197@
 






                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan              
                     




                       FW-R: Promote development and enhancement of plans and programs
                       to improve fish and shellfish resources.



                     Background
                     There are a number of projects,and plans currently undei consideration by local,
                     regional,tate, and federal agencies related to the maintenance and enhancement \of
                                                        qtiv
                     fish and shellfish resources. The effec * eness of these programs would be enhanced
                     by closer coordination and joint support among all active-parties.

                     Quantifiable Objective - FW-2

                     Areas for Implementation - Primaril             arine, and coastal waters within
                                                        y nvenne,estu
                     the 'Charqlott e Harbor NEP 8q4udy, area
          lot,       Strategy
                            1) Support scallop restoration,programs.
                            2) Continue and eqi4qpand critical ind0q6endent fisheries monitoring
                                programs.
                            3)  Strengthen regulatory programs that protect vital fisheries
                                habitats including: -submerged aquatic vegetation, qghellfish@ beds.,
                                spawning areas, and critical juvenile fish habitats.
                            4)  Encoura                                          and vital
                                       qge-programs to restore wetlands seagrasses,
                                fisheries, habitats.
                            5)  Develo6qo and implement management plans for the recovery of
                                depletedcoqinmercial and recreational fishery stocks.
                           q"6q)  'Encourage shellfish enhancement programs, including seeding
                                programs to improve:- fisheries, water quality, and habitat value.
                            '7) Support increased regulation and enforcement'of recreational
                                fisheries.
                            8)  Continue qto improve juvenile fisheries liq@bitat around manmqadqe
                                structures such, as docks, piers, and hardened shorelines.

                     Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizatiolqtqs
                     County and Municipal Governments
                     Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
                     Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                     U.S. National Marine Fisl24qwries Service
                     U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                     UqtS. Amy Corps 2qof En
                                           80qpne2qers
                     Water Management Districts
 





                                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                             


                     Expected- Benefits
                     Enhanced preservation    of fish and wildlife habitats. Maintenance   of and/or in-
                     creased fish and shellfish resources.


                     Monitoring Response
                     Long-term seasonal studies of fish and shellfish populations to determine changes.
                     caused by natural variation and those associated with human influences.

                     Preliminary Implementation Projects
                             Charlotte County'
                                     Artificial Reef Program
                                     Manatee/Seagra'ss Task Force
                             City of Punta Gorda'
                                     City of Punta Gorda Manatee, Protection Plan
                                     Punta Gorda Nature Park Restoration, Phase
                             City of Venice
                                     Venice Intracoastal' Waterway park
                             'Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                                     Coastal Management Workshops
                                     Evaluation of Biological/Physical Impacts of Anchorages
                                     Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation &,Permitting      (Regulatory)
                                     Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program)
                                     Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative qMqiltig"qation
                             6qI4qM "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Department of the
                             Interior
                                     J.N. "Din'g" Darling National Wildlife Refuge Annual Water
                                            Management Plan
                                     Wildlife Drive Water Control Structure Rehabilitation Pr(qJeqcqt
                             Lee County
                                     Lee County Artificial Reef Program
                            'Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation, Inc.,
                                     Enhancement, Monitoring, and Applied Research. of Native
                                            Flora and Fauna
                                     Habitat Management and Ecology Program: Prescribed Burning,
                                            Wetland and Upland
                             Southwest Florida Water Managemenf District
                                     Ongoing Seagrass Mapping Efforts i0qn Lemon Bay and Charlotte
                                            Harbor
                             U. Sq.- Army Corps of Engineers',
                                     Fish and Wildlife Habitat Improvements 8qdndPrograms
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                     Cle8qdn Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Program


                                                                                                     36q@96q@84q@96q199
 






                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                              Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                            FW-S:   Bring environmentally sensitive land under protection through
                           ownership and/or management, and expand conservation areas, re-
                           serves, and preserves.



                        Background
                        Important areas of existing natural habitat are currently   threatened with subantial
                        alteration due to- rapid rates of,development. The EP process should encourage,
                        promote, and support efforts b  government and private organizations, as       well as
                                                         qy
                        private landpwners to increase the       I e                                    xpaqiide'd
                                                              prq6t ction of these habitats   through e
                        conservation, reserve, -preserve, and stewardship Programs.

                        Qqd
                           antiqf0qlableObjective - FWr I

                                                                                    6qEP study-area
                        Areas qfor,]qCmplementation       Entire Charlotte Harbor N

                        'Strategy.
                                1) 'Identify key habitats in existing natural areas within each basin for-.
                                    protection.
                               q@-2) Expand and -enhancehabitat inventory and monitoring -programs.
                                3)  Promote, private stewardship of vital habitats. thrq6ugh incentives and
                                    qJechnical assistance to,land owners, local governments, and ot6qh4q&-
                                    parties.
                                4)  Develop and'implement public land acquisition programs fqor critical
                                    habitat adjacent to public lands.
                                5)  Continue to pursue- "less-thalqf-qfee" simple acquisition proqgrqaqmqï¿½ to
                                    acqu                                                   s water -
                                         ire- critical'- lands for fish and wildlife as well a'
                                    qmanagement,water -supply, and the conservation and- protection of
                                    Water resources.
                                6)  Work withImining companies to develop permanent reserves aqnd
                                    preserves from post-rqmned land..
                                7)  Develop a funding yesource and management plan for acquired lands
                                    before p2qyrchase,or acquisition.

                        Potential Responsible Agencies -& Organi2qZation2qg
                        County and- Municipal Governments
                        Florida Department of Environqinenial Protection
                        Florida Fish and Wildlife Cons'ervatior6qi Commission.
                        Land Acquisition Organizations
 








                                                                                                         
                                                                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Managemetn Plan




                       Mining Industry
                       Not-for-Profit Conservation Organizations
                       Private Property Owners
                       U.S. Fish- and Wildlife Service
                       Water  Management Districts

                       Expected Benefits
                       Maintained and preserved critical wildlife habitats.

                       Monitoring Response
                       Keep a running inventory of 1) the existing acreages of each type of identified criti-
                       cal habitat, within the Charlotte Harbor NEP; 2) lands within conservation, reserves,
                       or preserves; an d 3) the annual amount o8qfhabitat converted tqo development.

                       Preliminary Implementation Projects
                               The Calusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve of Pine Island, Inc.,
                                        Pine Island Watershed Natural6qRe     source Assessment Geographic
                                                Information System (GIS)
                               Charlotte County
                                        Environmental Lands Acquisition Advisory Committee (E6qLAAC)
                                                Land Useand Transportation BqUil4qdout Scenario
                               Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center, Inc.
                                        Habitat Inventory, Monitoring and Protection of Charlotte Harbor
                                                Environmental Center Managed Siteqg-In Charlotte. County
                               City of Sanibel
                                        Sanibel Environmentally Sensitive4qLands Acquisition Program
                                        Sanibel Island Beach Maqh,agement Plan Implementation
                               City of Venice
                                        Venice Intracoastal Waterway Park
                               Florida qMpaqttmetqit of Environmental Protection
                                        Charlotte Harbor State Buffer Preserve Public Education
                                        Citizen, Support Organization, q(CS0qO) The Friends Of The Charlotte,
                                                Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Inc.
                                        Florida Greenways qand Trails Program
                                        Greater, Charlotte Harbor Ecosystem. Management Area2qInitiative
                                        Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Peqrqr2qmqitting (Regulatory)
                                        -Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation (Grants Program)
                                        Saddle 80qCreek Restoration and Al    ternative Mitigation
                                        Team Pen6qnitting 'Net Ecosystem -Benefit Planning and Pernutting
                                                Progress
                                        The Nature's Lovers Guide to Pine Island




                                                                                                                       2 0 1
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                                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                           J.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife. Refuge, U.S. Department' of the
                                              
                           -Interior
                                  Eq@cpaiqjision of the Acquisition Boundary-of the J.6qN. "Ding" Darling
                                         National Wildlife Refuge Complex
                           Lee County
                                  Lee County Conservation Land Acquisition and. -Stewardship
                                         Committee (CLASA Q
                           Manatee County
                                  Environmental Lands Management and Acquisition Committee
                                         (E0qLMAC)
                           Polk County
                                  Environmetital0qLands Acquisition Program In Polk County
                                  qIMC-Agri.co Peace River Park, Off CR 640, Homeland
         Vq*
                           Sanibel-Captq:qiva Conservation Foundation, Inc,,_
                                  Habitat'Management and Ecologq@ Program:,Prescribe*d,Buming,
         1                             Wetland and Upland Enhancement, Monitoring, and
                                                       'h of Native Flora and Fauna
                                  7      Applied Researc
                                  Landscaping for Wildlife
                           Sarasota County
                                  Proposed Acquisition of the Verna, Eastern Ranch 2qands, and
                                         Myak.8qkahatc4qbqee Creek Environmentally Sensitive Lands
                           South Florida Water Mqanaq2einent District
                                  Save OurRivers
                           Southwest Florida Water Management'District
                                  qS2qke Iqdeqfqitifiqc6qAion/Land Acquisition
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section -320 National Estuary Program
















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                                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                          FW-U:     Acquire lands to increase wildlife habitat currently privately
                         held within large, undeveloped, platted areas.



                      Background
                      Within Sarasota; _Charlotte, and Lee counties there aretensive areas of platted,
                      undeveloped lands slatted for future intense single family development. These ar-
                      eas are the rqdqsult,of large land development projects from the q495qQs, 60s, 70s and
                      80s and are currently laqrgely'v6qkant. Many of these areas were -sold prior to the
                      implementation of -current environmental regulations. Thus, many of these areas.
                      contain, important. habitats that are at risk once landowners choose to'develop their
                      property.

                      Quanti4qf4qlable.8qObjective - FW-1

                      Areas for Implementation - Entire Charlotte Harbor NEP study area.

                      Strategy
                              1)    Create a tax-exempt Land Trust for the acquisition of wildlife'
                                    habitat.
                                    Inventory platted lands to identify areas-of critical upland and 6qWetland
                                    habitat,
                              3)    Obtain the names and addresses of absentee property owners of
                                    targeted undeveloped lands from county tax offices.
                              4)    Contact targeqied property owners requesting:
                                    *                                  icome tax    te-
                                    e land donation in exchange for ii           wri off;
                                    4q4- exchange for-eqqtqlivalerqit land in non-targeted areas;
                                    0q42qV permanent wildlife- easement; "and
                                      sale of land to the trust.
                              5)    Use acquiredtargeted properties for matching funds from:
                                    0q+ The Trust for Public Lands;,
                                    4- The Natioqrqiqal Audubon Society;
                                      The Nature Conservancy;
                                      Water Management Districts;
                                      Local, State and Federal Agencies; and
                                      Private Businesses.
                              6)    The Trust can turn over large acquired tracts to appropriate
                                    government entities for management as permanent conservation areas.
 






                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                     Potential Responsible Agencie's & Organizations -
                     County and Municipal Governments
                     Florida Department of Community Affairs
                     Florida Department of Environmental Protectibn
                     Not-for-Profit Conservation Organizations
                     Private. Property Owners
                     Regioqiaqt Planning Councils
                     Water Management Districts

                     Expected Benefits
                     'Preserve'd critical upland. and wetland habitats that-are currently platted for future-
                     dqevelo
                            pment.
                     Reduce-urban' sprawl 'and need to provide services to areas outside cuqfrent develop-
          qM          ment. Reduced future development in flood plain areas.

                     Mo '0qnqiqtoring Response
                     Dqevqelop,a geographic information system,(GIS) based inventory of undeveloped
                     platted lands; critical upland-, and NqAietland habitats, and an annual update of ac-
                     quqired lands.

                     Preliminary Implementation Projects
                            The Calusa Land. Trust and  Nature Preserve of Pine Island, Inc.
                                   6qPqine'Isqland Watershed Natural Resource Assessment Geographic
                                         Inforiqnatqi4qdnSystem (GIS)
                            Charlotte County
                                                                                 -iittee q@ELAA2qQ
                                   Environmental Lands Acquisition Advisory Conin
                            City of North Port
                                   North Port Conservation land Ban0q4ng
                            City of Sanibel,
                                   Sanibel.8q8nqVironment'ally Sensitive Lands AcquisitiqAn P'rogram,.
                                   qSanibel,lsland Beach Management Plan' Implementation
                                   Sanibel Island Surface Water Management Plan
                            Florida,'Department of 8qvqnviroqn.mental Protection-
                                   Charlotte Harbor Buffer Preserve Land Acquisition
                                   Charlotte Harbor, State Buffer Preserve Public Education
                                   Citizen Support Organization (CSO) Theq*q,Friends Of The Charlotte
                                         Harborq,72qAquatic Preserves, Inc.
                                   Florida Greenways and4q7 Trails Program
                                   Greater Charlotte Harbor' Ecosystem Management Area Initiative
                                   Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation & Permitting' (Regulatory)
                                                                                           6qN
 





                                                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                 
                                                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                  Non-Mandatory Phosphate Reclamation    (Grants Program)                AL
                                  Saddle Creek Restoration and Alternative Mitigation
                                  The Nature's Lovers Guide to Pine Island
                           Lee County
                                  Lee County Conservation Land-Acquisition and Stewardship
                                         Committee (CLASAC)
                           Sarasota County
                                  Sarasota County Environmentally Sensitive, Lands Program
                           South Florida Water Management- District
                                  Saved, Our Rivers
                           Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council
                                  Site Identification/Land Acquisition
                                  Strategic Land Aqquisition/Conservation/Preservation Plan For
                                                                                                         qV*0q*
                            0      Southwest'Florida
                           -U.S. Environniental Protection Agency
                                  Clean Water Act Section 320. National E$tuary Program


















                                                                                             64qC6q@96q@84q@205
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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                                                      
                          Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                           FW-V. Identify be potential living \oyster bars for restoration within
                           the estuarine waters 'of the Charlotte Harbor- NEP study area.            Identify
                           the potential (recent and historic) dead oyster bar areas for restoration.
                           Associate oyster enhancement with water quality, impr8qqved hydrology,
                           and reassessed recreational harvest levels.



                         Background,
                                                                                    areqh of oyster b'
                         Based on the studies by Harris.et. al. (1940), the total                     aqrs within the
                         waters of the Charlotte Harbor NEP was approximately 400 acres in 1982.          This is in
                         comparison to an estimated 800 aces in 1954.- Much of this loss may be,attributqdble
                         to changes lqiich have result d fiom the large increase in the human pq6pulation that
           Vq*                       w
                         ha'ye occurred around the Charlotte Harbor complex since the early 1950s. Pqres-
                         ently, many of the remaining historic oyster,bars within the waters of the 6q&EP are in
                         poor condition'.

                         The South   Florida Wat
                                                 ,qe-r Management District (SFWMD) i s currently using oy-s6qZers
                         as part of a valued ecosystem component study to help determine. how 'Potential
                         regulatory changes in the co  ntqto0qUed  dischargeqg from the Caloqosahatcqhee River may
                         affect estuaiine.communitieqï¿½ irqt, San Carlos Bay and lower Pine Island Sound.


                         Habitat Restoration
                         The FloridqaDepartment of Environmental Protection's Shellfish section iqs very fa-
                         miliar with 'acceptable- methods. of recreating and restoring declining, oyster bars.
                         Management processes and their costs are well known for maintaining commercial
                         bars in the panhandle and,big,-2q6en6qd regions of Florida. Such -methods have bee6qh
                         successfully been implemented in otheqr'southeasqierqu and gulf coast estuarine areas.


                         Environmental Factors
                         4qDo decade-long, 'Wetter than average years and drier q1han average, years -affect the
                         distribution an& abundahce of oyster bars in the Charlotte Harbor qco8qm6qplq@x? The
                         answer iqs probably, "yes." -Salinity- variability -above 20 parts per thousand (ppt)
                         -salinity or bqelow,@0qf0qive ppt is known to affect the presence and 'abundance, of oysters.
                         There is some limited- evidence that there were die-offs of some oyster bars near the
                                                                                                   fre2qï¿½ water' is--
                         mouth of the river i8qn 1998q1 and, 1998 due to unnaturally excessive             0qlqi0q@      6qd
                         charges -64q6orn, the, Cal8qoo6qgahatchee R  36qWer.





          -206q44q50q;0q;8q@
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                                                                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                        In -addition many well known, popular oyster bars have declined as a result-of recre
                        ational harvesting., The primary reason for the decline-& in the size of these viable
                        oyster bars-is that, unlike -'natural mortality, ,no cultch is-returned to the bars from
                        such recreational harvesting.

                        Oyster bars have intrinsic value as complex hard bottom.habitat,,for many species,
                        foraging areas for some species, and as temporary night roosting areas for a number
                        of -bird species. Other human use of these bars as habitat includes fishing and bird

                                      -hing. IrqLaddition,'oyster bars filter water and can'have a positive effect on water
                          ;44;96q1
                        quality.

                        Quantifiable Objective - FW-2

                        Areas for Implementation -Estuarine          Waters  within t4qhe  Charlotte Harbor NEP'
                        study area

                        Strategy
                                1)  Develop a' comprehensive inventory of existing oyster beds and
                                    determine the relative health of major bars.
                                2)  Identify areas for restoration based both on historic and current bars.
                                3)  Develop long-term plan for implementation'Of restoration plans,
                                    including funding. sources.
                                4)  Implement restoration.
                                5)  Monitor effetiveness of restoration and, if necessary, make
                                    modifications based on the results.


                        Potential Responsible Agencies & Organizations
                        County and Municipal Governments
                        Florida Coastal Zone Management Program
                        Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                        Florida Garqne and Freshwater Fish Commission                         t
                        Florida Marine Fisheries Commission
                        Florida Marine Research Institute
                        U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service
                        U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, G2qdlf of Mexico Program
                        U.S.q'Fish and Wildlife Service'
                        Water Management Districts







                                                                                                                              07
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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan




                         Expected Benefits
                         The presence and abundance of oyster bars can be one of the primary indcators that.
                         more natural hydroperiods have been established for the Caloqosahat0qOee River and
                         other areas where'there have,been major hydrologic        alterations of fresq@water in-
                         flows. The increased -opening of shell fishing. areas can also-serve as an indicator of
                         an, improvement in water quality within these estuarine areas.     Increasing oyster bar
                         habitat will'also be beneficial.to other fish -and'-wildlife that use these areas, includ-
                         ing many threatened wadingbird'species.

                         Monitoring Response
                         Aerial photography (past, present, and future) conducted by tqhe Water Management
                         Districts and qihe Florida Marine Research Institute can be usedto, identify oyster bar
                         areas. Visual inspections can -then be done to assess the relativqe-heqaqlth of identified-*
                         major bars.- In additqfqbn, the presenceqof oyster larvae in water samples can be qide8q@-
                         tified, for. Whether there is potential for re-establishirqig dead bars.. Correlation be-
                                                      and tidal range should be determined,aqnd characterized.
                         twqeen oyster.baf elevation  s

                         Preliminary Implementation Projects'
                                City qof 0qP0qunt4qa.Gorda.
                                         Punta Gorda,Geographic Information System,
                                Florida Department. of Environmental Proteqetion
                                         Charlotte'Harbor Estuaries Voluntedr Water Quality Monitoring
                                                 Network (CHE6qVI2qW6qQ8qMNq)
                                         Evaluation of Biol6gical/Physical Impacts of Anchorages
                                Sarasota County
                                         Restoration of Oyster Res   .oqurces in the Coastal Venice, M   Iyakka
                                                 River,- and Lemon Bay Basiqfqis'
                                Southwest Florida Water Management District
                                         Ongoing Seagraqï¿½s'6qMappin'g Effortqsqin Lemon'Bay and Charlotte
                                                 Harbor
                                0qU. 8qS.Army Cor0qps.of Engineers
                                         Fish and Wildlife Habitat Improvements and Programs
                                U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                         Clean Water Act Section 320 National Estuary Pro
                                                                                                gram
                                Volunteer Scientific Research Team, Inc.'
                                         Marine Research and Education











           2
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                                                                     Charlotte Harbor National Estury Program                                                         
										Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Managemetn Plan

                       PUBLIC -EDUCATION AND  OUT'REACH'

                                       "I have learned a great deal about the varioqw'tribuqtaries of
                                       the Peace River, the communities along the river', and the
                                       impacts of human settlement in the upper river watershed.
                                        Glenn E. Heath, T6qA4qCI member,

                                       "The most important thing 4qj have learned as a, 4qC4 C'
                                       member is the necessit6qyfor qt6q& art of consensus to accomplish
                                       the ideal ends. --Anna Bowqditrli, CAC member




                                    STATEMENT

                               he Public,Education Strategyof the Charlotte, qflarqbo'r National Estuary. Pro-
                               gram'is to educate and to motivate-the people within the greaqiqor Charlotte
                               Harbor watershed to understand, to partqicipate'in, and to implement the'
                               Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan- (CCMP)               for the'-
                               future.


                                     D            -GOALS
                       PUBLIC E iuc4qATio4qN


                       q1)      TO increase   public awareness,., understanding,     and, support  of the   action
                               items. in, the Compiehensive Conservation and Management Plan through
                               involvement    in educational programqf8qis,q"resource-based activities, and spe-
                               cial 'events.


                       2)      To establish and maintain environmental education efforts0qWith organiza-:
                               tions, educational centers, and government agencies.


                                                                                       ral and cultural resources-
                       3)      Toincrease a20qWareness and understanding of the natu
                               of the greater Charlotte Harbor watershed.

                       -4)     To- develop stewardship and- a sense of shared responsibility for our estuarq-
                               ie's, rivers, tributaries, and their watersheds.
 







                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                           

                                                                                         7

                         PUBLIC EDUCATION, OBJECTIVES

                         1)    To maintain a core staff, including'q4 Public Affairs Specialist, at the Char-
                               lotte.Harbor National Estuary Program office to ensure'implementationof
                               the Compehensive Cqi4qmservaitq6n2qaqhd Management Plan.
            A
                         2q)-   To support and further the educational action'items'of the Comprehensive
                               Conservation andManagement Plan.

                         3)    Tp:assq&ss annually the progress of the Public Education Strategy.

                               To develop future directions based upon the annual assessment.

            N            TA0qiGETAUDIENCES

                         The public -education and outreach efforts of the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary
                         Program attq6riipt to reach a wide audience ofqthe general public. However, specific'
                       -,action plans will target thq& most relevant audience in the particular qhqiqcations where
                         implementation      takes
                       -place. These target audi-
                         ences for the strategy are,
                         gro
                           uped into five broad cat-
                         egones.


                         Business and Industry:


                         qo Min ng
                         4q0- Agriculture
                         0q4
                         qe Developers and Real
                           Estate Professionals
                          Hotel and Tourism
                         -q0. Marine Trades/Fisheries'
                          Re                                                   Kayaker
                         4   creqdtion@
                                                                                        Artwork 2qb2q;0qV8qictor MqcGui8q@e
                         40q+ Transportation


                         Governi4qn6q6nt
                         Educ8qi48qf48qlo52qf52qiql
                         Clubs, O2qiganizations,  and Associations
                         Media




            21 O72qZq--
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                                                                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                            Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                       'ONGOING PUBLIc EDUCATION AND OUTREACHACTIVITIES                              -
                       (to be continued under implementation)

                               Quarterly Newsletter,

                       A quarterly newsletter is produced,for general     distribution. This newsletter pro-
                       vides infoi-mation on topics relevant to the study'area, issues, events, as welt-as
                       updates on program activities.   A mailing list of management conference members,
                       public and private organizations, and interested persons is maintained for distribu-
                                            
                       tion of the newsletter. The newsletter is also po  sted on the program's webqsite.

                               Volunteer Speaker's Bureau'

                       .A group of *volunteer speakers representing the various counties- in the program's
                       study, area have been trained to provide presentations about the program. 'They are
                       equipped witqlqr the necessary materials and audio-visual equipment and contribute
                       significantly to public outreach on behalf of the q14q@rogqram.

                               Resident Orientation Program

                       Tqhe program -funds a project whereby the contractor(s) hold a series of public work-
                       shops to provide information on Florida's natural syste ms and how humans interact.
                       with them. These forums. also provide -an opportunity to suggest and promote re-
                       sponsible actions by Florida's newer residents on behalf of the state's environment.

                               Fact Sheets


                       The program office produces a series of fact     sheets that briefly-describ e projects
                       tjiat havebeen undertaken. The fact sheets provide a- synopsis of inform      'ation for
                       the lay audience and can. be used as sound bites,tor the media.

                               Mini-Grants

                       These grants target education-related     projects that directly  relate to one of -the
                       program's priority problems.    Requests  up to $3,000 qualify and do not require
                       matching funds.
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                                                                                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
													      Drafts Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                                   Portable- Diplays
                                                 fth-o
                                   (Partner           qf2qf2qices,  organizations, and educational institutions to
                                   place displays where.- there willbe a lot. of -trqq8qfqfiq@q)-

                          A poftqable display has been'purchesed:and display itemsave been- developed in-
                          cludifig photographs, maps, and teqkt. The display is being used for general audi-
                          ences at local eve'nts,. conferences, and,  .workshops. The display is sufficiently por-
                          table for 'one person to set up and dismantle. Photos and graphics are produced and
                          modifiedlo create different messages as needed.

                                   Website


                          The program office regularly maintains, and updates its own home page on the World
                          Wide Web. The World Wide Weqb is globally accessible qto anqy'one with the necq6s-
                          sary equipment and'qIntemqet access.         The program's home page has links to other
                          related and appropriate we2qbqs-ites.'

                                   Florida Yards aqnd Neighborhoods Program (FYN),

                          The program funds        project that encourages 'residents    to tailor their landscapes -to
                          become more environmentally. friendly., Tqfqie'FY0qN,offers community workshops,
                          lectures-, meetings, field demonstration events, yard certifications, and other activi-
                          ties to promote participation in its, program., a0qnd to educate thqe'public about             the'
                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary.Program itself.

                                   Special Events. (Earth Day,       Cqbastfqeqqt,.Estuaries Day; beach clean-
                                   qU8qiqs)

                          The program office'coordiiiates events to bring attention to,special environmentally-
                          related cq6qlebrati6ns or activities.

                                   Media   Relations


                          Use-- of -the media to communicate program activities and relevant issues.is the rnost,
                          effective and.efficient way to reach a broad, general audience.         The -progra2qrn office
                          systematically sends out press releas    6q&s at th0qe beginning of every, month to members
                          -Of radio, tele6qiqrision, and the-printed press in- the study area.'- Additionally, press re-                     7
                          --leases announce requests for proposals, the distribution of docurn4q&nts and materials,
                          and report the results of projects.





            212q,q5
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                                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
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                    -NEW OR UPDATED PUBLIC.- ]EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES"

                             Develop presentations for, the Volunteer Speaker's Bureau

                      The Volunteer Speaker's Bureau currently presents fivreversions of one slideshow
                      program. As the program moves into implementation of, the act-ion plans it will be
                      necessary to update the slideshow programs to convey the infon-nation contained in
                      the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan.

                             'Develop and expand mailing list database

                      The program office continuously updates its mailing list database as requests are
                      made. -These efforts should be continued. However, the Citizens' Advisory Com@
                      mittee formed an Alliance Subcommittee that produced a document with informa-
                      tionon groups and organizations that the program should be attempting to reach, It
                      is recommended that greater emphasis be placed on increasing the mailing list data
                                                                                                                   Z2qr
                      base and. in increasing participation in the activities of the,. program.

                             Develop data and information, management

                      The Citizens' Advisory Committee recommended that the program serve as a
                      tral location for information on current issues. A strategy for gathering and dis'
                      serninating information should-be developed and implemented.
                             Develop, inteqtqn/volunteer program

                      The Citizen's'-4qAdvisory Committee recommended that volunteers and/or interns be
                      us4q6d to assist witqlqi many of thetasks that need to be accomplished to maintain the
                      program office. A strategy for setting up aqhd supporting a qvolunteer/inteqfqn program
                      should be developed:and implemented.

                             Increase information     to "schools and local governments

                      The Citizens 'Advisory Committee recommended. that a mechanism be established
                      to dissemin0qAt0qo information to local government partnersq,on a more consistent basis.
                      Likewise, greate8qf effortsq's2qt0qfould be made to set up partnerships and projects with
                      schools in the study area.







                                                                                                                   13
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                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

           

                                Issue media qreleases


                        The Citizens'Advisory Committee recommended that,media releases that focus on
                        the results'of projects and mini-grants b@ produced. Additionally, the progrdm of--
                        fice should.continue seeking outside contqhbutors for articles to the newsletter and
                       'other printed media.'

                                Organize and/6'r facilitate forums for sharing information
                                about watershed-issues
                        The Charl      qgarbor,NEP is well suited to serve as an organize     .r and: facilitator qd
                                  otte
                        forums to discuss issues and to share- information regarding the priority problems.
                        These efforts'should be increased- when the program is in implementation          of the
                        Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan.

                                qVqideo8ql4qPublic Service Announcement production
                        4qThe Citizens' Advisory,Committee recommended that video production be utilized
                        in, during imq@lement6qaqtqioqh -of the- action plans as a tool for public, outreach.










                                                                N,








                                                          Largemouth bass
                                                                            AT4q(work by Victor McGuire
 






                                                                    Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Managemetn Plan
                                                                                                  


                       GOVERMENT,                      I ME6qM.ENTATION
                             FINANCING


                                      'Meeting inland. and up the river introduced mq@ again to
                                      the fascinatine, riverine ecosystem, quiet and rich in wild-
                                      life. 1 hadn't seen this area since I qiq@qas a chq;ld when it
                                                               N
                                      seemed wild and savage.    oqw it is incorporated into my
                                      concept o home. "- Molly Krival, CAC member


                       This chapter describes how the Comprehensive Conservation & Management Plan
                       (CCMP) will be implemented by local governments', agencies, And other watershed                   q3.q2
                       stakeholders. This section also details the implementation role of the Charlotte
                       Harbor National Estuary Program (NEP) 0qf0qiqf -ensuring that the goals and objectives.-
                       of this plan are achieved.

                       Local government and agency partners in the Charlotte Harbor NEP anticipate signing
                       agreements in the year, 2000 pledging to.carry out the recommendations of the final
                       management plan. The agreements will include specific goals for qqqach partner and                  qroq@
                       their responsibilitiesor meeting those goals, along with a timetable for achieving              qtq4'
                       them'.


                       The mechanisms, staff, and resources to
                       accomplish these priority actions, how-
                       ever,_are left up to the individual coqmqmqd-
                       nities, who may select the most suitable
                       Options from aniorig a range  of alterna-
                       tives.' The first set of preliminary- aqc-
                       tionsq-projects that are planned or under-'
                       way-are. detailed in Volume      II of this
                       document.    -Theseactionqs' provide some
                       first steps for implementation and provide
                       some ideas fo2qr projects that require 0qaddi-
                       8qtional partners or financial support.- These
                                                                                 qJ
                       projects, however, are only the first steps
                       i8qn the overall implementation of the quan-                            fit
                       t2qi72qf72qlable objectives and priority actions in
                       this management plan.
                                                                                  Bartow City Hall
                                                                                       Arqt0q@qvork by Victor McGuire


                                                                                                                         15
                                                                                                               q-qt96q@ 2
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                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                        This approach provides' local conunitment and a list of projects that can begin quickly.
                        Written agreements provide'some assurance that all of the partners are working
                        toward common goals while( providing local flexibility., This       approach -not. only'.
                        emphasizes -flexibility, but also allows local ovemmentqg to focus their limited re-
                                                                       
                        sources, in the most cost-effective and -environmentally beneficial manner. Addi-
                        tionally, the implementation strategy outlined in this cql-qiq4pter addresses how these
                        goals and inititives for the Greater Charlotte- Harbor Watershed will be integrated
                        into existing management programs and rq6gquqlatoqry, programs.

                        Existing regional management expenditures       also  are presented to provide   an un-
                        derstan2qdqing of how much-money is currently allocated and where it is going.. Fi-
                       -0qhancqing options that follow illustrate possible sources,of revenue and.qapproachesIto
                                                                                          hieved with existing
                        accomplish goals of the plan that f0qmght, not -otherwise bea*c
                        resources. Wherever possible, the Chq@ri6tte Harbor NEP advocates th0q& reallocation
                        and more efficient use of existing revenues to carry, out recommended actiolqfs.














                                              TqS   -------
                                          f

                                                     6qR


                                                                                              Y H









                                                          Venice 36qQty Hall

                                                                             Artwork by Victor McGuire
 






                                                                                               Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                 IMPLETING THE. PLAN FOR THE GREATER CA qARLOTTE
                                 HARBOR WATERSHE6qL)

                                 Successful i.inplementation of the Comprehensive Conservation and Management
                                 Plan willqxeqqu'ire the following:

                                 1q)  Finn commitments for action.;
                                 '2)  Flexibility for local- governments to pq6rsuqe'the most cost'-effective
                                      -strategies to achieve a particular goal;
                                 3)    Integration of goals and, strategies, into existing regulatory, programs and
                                       rules; and
                                 4)   Effective- oversight to -ensure that ac-ti-ons are carried out in a timely manner.

                                 Conmiitments will be secured through hn implementing agreement that NEP part7
                                 nq&rs expect, to sign in the year 2000, after the final Comprehensive Conservation
                                 and Management Plan-hqds been qaqppro'qVed.                           These partqpers'include -the following:


                                                        Agencies                              Counties         CitiesiqiInd 0qTouqms     Regioual 2qhanning
                                                                                                                                            Councils

                                            qE
                                             riviroqpiri2qptal Protection-Agency              Charlotte County          Arcadia           Southwest Florida
                                          Florida Coastal Managemeqrqit'Progiam/             'DeSoto -County-          Bartow              Central,Florida
                                        Florida Department of Community Affairs
                                                                                           Hardee County          -Cape Coral
                                   Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission
                                                                                             Lee County            Foric Myers
                                    Florida Depart-inqcrit of Environmental Protection,
                                                                                           Manatee County      Fort Myers Beach
                                                       Peace River/
                                       Manas6ta Regional Water Supply Authority             Polk County            North Port
                                       -Smith FloridaWater Management District,            Sarasota County        Punta Go  Irda

                                      Southwest Florida Water Management District                                    Sanibel

                                                                                                                     Venice


                                                                                                                   Wqu6qLhqula







                                     24qT6q@eq' goals of the CCMPq, which were detailed in the Introduction chapter,
                                     will be the goats of the implementation agreements.
                                                                                                                                                                            17
 







                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                      Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                      INTEGRATING THE        P LA N I N'TOEXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL
                      RuLE& PROGRAMS


                                                                                                     e
            N         Once government and agency priority acti6ns to achieve reginal goals are  approved
                      by'. the program's Management and Policy Committees, these   priority -actions\will-.
                      -be incorporated into state- and federal water quality poqfmits 'addressing direct.or
                      point discharges@ and stormwater management. Local governments will amend their-
                      comprehensive plans to promote, and assure consistency with, the final Coqmprehen,
          M    t
                      sive Conservation- and Management Plan'.
                      The management plan has beendeveloped in cooperation witht'he region's local
                      governments*, broad-based community inq@erq6s'ts, and qenvqironinental agencies at'the
                      local, state, and federal levels,to reach consensus on the pqjan's restoration goals and
                      action plans. -,The Charlotte Harbor NEP also has, coordinated, closely with local
                      environmental alliances devoted to improving and protecting specific regions of the
                      watershed.


                      Key partners in -the Charlotte -Harbor 4qNEP have been these types of alliances.  The
                                         Water Management, Distriq&t's'Sqfqirjqace Water Ma agq@ qmient and
                      Southwest Florida                                                  n
                      improvement (SWIM) Program should play 6qa-key role in the implementation Of the'
                      Comprehensive Conservation and Management Pla     n. The South Florida-Water Man-
                      Agement District" Caloosahatchee Advisory Committee and Lower West Coast Wa-
         
                      ter Supply Plan Committee are important local planning'efforts for water qualiqy
                      andwatersupply. The Estern Bay Agency on Bay Mana em' tissignificqanqfforits
                                                                            g en
                      focus on,the activities in the Estero Bq@ay basin. Additional group's such as qthe Lake
                      Hancock Advisoqiy Committee and the,6qkyakka River Coordination Council also play
                      important roles in their specific 8q*qmtqershe4q&.
 






                                                                   Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                       FEDEOL       CONSISTENCY'REVIEW


                       The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires each National Estuary
                       Program to have a federal consistency review process. This process evaldates fed-
                       eral activities for consistency with the. Comprehensive Conservation and Manage-
                       qmqe4q&Plan(8qqCMP). Federal programs and federally-funded activities must be con-
                       siq@teqrit with this management plan or demonstrate'why cq6nsistency is not possible.
                       The Charlotte Harbor NEP proposes a two:-part strategy for facilitating this review
                       p
                        rocess. Theirst sfrategy'is-tqo encourage earlyqcoordina,tqion and review of projects
                       that potentially, conflict with or further the goals of the plan. The' purpose. of the
                       .early coordiriation step is to identify if and where conflicts exist and to explore
                       options for resolving those conflicts at the earliest possible opportunity.
                                                                                                                       qcqz
                       The'second strategy is to incorporate the existing federal consistency review pro-
                       cess of the State Clearinghouse and Florida Coastal Management Program. These
                       offices coordinate federal consistency reviews in,Florida. The Charlotte Harbor
                       NEP will identify the qiq@pes of federal'activities and programs it wishes to review,-
                                                    sals
                            receive specific pro          within these categories from, the Florida.Coastal
                       wi                        po     qw
                       Management Program via the three. regional planning c6q6uncils in* the S'tudy_ area:,
                       Tai0qnpa Bay; Central Florida; and South2q*est Florida Regional Planning Councils.
                       The Charlotte Harbor NEP will deternqfqine if the, activity is consistent-with pri66qf6qity
                       goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan,
                                 -If concerns anse, comments will be sent to the Flori          sqtal Manage-
                       (CCMP)-.                                                         da 6qCoa'
                       ment Program through the representative regional planning council, which accu-
                       mulates all comments from local governments.














                                                                         -in8qf
                                                                For more information, please refer to "The
                                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                Federal Consistenty Report.




                                                                                                                     219
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                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
				Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                                                                                                                                                       ROLES OF       THqE CHARLOTTE         HARBOR NEIq?'IN
                        OVERSEEING IMPLEMENTATION-

                        The success of the Charlotte Harbor NEP ultimately will-be measured in'the protec-
                        tion and management achieved through implementation of the Corqq2q&ehq@nsive Con-
                                                ement Plarq@
                        servation,and Manag                    Consequently', a ke I redient for'success is
                                                                                    y ing
                        defining who should oversee -implementation of the plan and what oversight should
                        entail. Through qthe program office and the four comrqmttees,.a comprehensive evalu-
                        ation of the goals and'quanti0qf0qiable oqbjectives'established throughthe Charlotte Har-'
                        bor NEP will be conducted five years After the adoption of the plan. to ensure that
                        restor'aqfion efforts and funding areqeffectively targeted..

                        The Charlotte Harbor NEP itselfqin addition qto thq& projects.'conducted by its partner,
                        organiz ations, has defined- some  specific responsibilities to en hance existing efforts
                        and -to, improve coordination among tqhe many active organiqiqAtiolqhs -in the -region.
                        Through the N6qEP office aqnd assistance* from the committees, the N4qEP will conduct
                        the following, activities:


                                qIm2qplemqen t qI8qV6qEP In itiatives

                                    Coordinate data management program.
                                8q4 'Assist in implementation of the long term monitoring strategy.

                                Monitor @Progress and Assist Implemenqtaqiidn

                                    Support the, management conference structure and activities.'
                                    Monitq6r progress of the implementation of the CC6qM6qPq:
                                    Conduct the' biennial review (every two years) of implementation, as
                                    required b U.S. EPA,
                                              qY
                                6qW   Produce annual "report cards" qon -the environmental status of the'
                                    study area.,
                                                                    tid-8qperqform grant administration.
                                    Prepare the annual workplan a
                                56q4   Locate -funding sources and 4qgrantq@ for project implementation.
                                                                                       6qP
                                56q*   Conduct 8qihe Federal Consistency review process.
                                56q4   Assist tfi management conference in qr2qtqiodif0q@0qing the quantifiable objectives
                                    arid priority actions, as, needed to meet the program goals.



        0qN                                                    -For more detail, please refer to the chapter
                                                              Public Educationq'and Oqutreqcich."


           22
               84q0q168q@
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                                                                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                   Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan  

                                                             



                               Public Outreach and Involvement
                                    Continue selected activities for public education, as described in the
                                    Public Education Strategy.
                                    Implement new public involvement activities, with the assistance of
                                    the Citizens' Advisory Committee, 'asidentified in the Public Education
                                    Strategy-
                                                                                                                           qN -
                        In 1999, the management conference- of the Charlotte Harbor NE0qP decided tocon-
                        tinue the four committees of the conference an   d to preserve the existing structure-to
                        oversee- the' implementation--of the plan. The pn m'qary oversight roles of the Char-
                        lotte  Harbor NIEP Wilt be on monitor progress in implementation and the'environ-
                        -mental- conditions, assist implementtior, continue public outreach and involvement,
                        and implement the long term monitoring strategy as well as the data management
                        strategy. Specific efforts associated with these functi  ons are outlined below.

                        Citizens', Advisory Committee Role

                        The Citizens' Advisory Cotninittqee (CAC) is the critical link betqweqen'the program
                        and the public An active CAC is well-suitqid to provide information about public
                        concerns and sentiments. The committee is also an essential mechanism for dis-
                        persing information to key community Qrganizations- and individuals that may not
                        be directly involved with the program. The primary roles of the CAC during imple
                        menttion are defined as:


                                    Assist in the implementation of the outreach strategy;
                                    Review public involverr'rent workpqlan components/budget
                                    Distribute information and Materiah to other organizations; and
                                    Other contributions as needed. .

                        Technical Advisory Committee Role

                        The Technicqdl,,,advisory Committee (TAC) provi'de     s a wealth of. 2qUo  wledge-an'd a
                        diversity of technical 'expertise to the program and its projects. As more information
                        is gathered and. -new pqr8qqjects4q@ are initiated, additional technical inp0qyt will be needed.
                        The main. roles of the TAC during implementation are defined as:

                                    Provide revised technical information about the study area;
                                    Exchange information among technical users;
 





                                 Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                    



                                      Provide input on the strenths and weaknesses of the data'
                                      management program;
                                      Provide input on the strengths-0qdrid weaknesses of the long term
                                      monitoring -program,, and
                                      -Other technical input- as needed
                                                                     e

                         During imqpqlqe8qm entation, it is rec   .cqi4qf4qf4qimended that the TAC and CAC. each should
                         meet quarterly, although they can_meet more often if needed. At le'ast once a year,
                         there'shouqfqd be a joint meeting -of the committees to promote interaction andqeX7
                         change of information'. The committees 4qmqay wqdrit qTo.hold-      ,th eqir individual meetings'
                         qoqn,the same day to allow members tqo attend both sessions.

                         Management Committee Role

                         The continuing role of the Management Committee is also defined.           The Manage-
                                                                                    
                         ment Committee serves an important role of iqhtegratin 'the desires of the Citizens'
                         Adviso Committee with qthe scientific information from the Technicqdqt Advisory
                                qrqy
                         Committee. The Management Committee members are also primary advisors -to
                         their Pcqilicy'Commiqftee counterparts and are    .'therefore, an importqdnt source of accu-
                         rate inforination to elected officials and policy makers. The role qof the 6qManageq@-
                         ment Committee is defined as:,

                                      Implement projects;
                                      Apply qiqbr additional grant funding;
                                      Cocq@'rdinate qtegiqonal efforts; and
                                      Check progres's/environm'en'tal results.

                         Policy Committee. Role
                         During implementation, the @Policy Committee continues to be the final decision-
                         maker for program spending, membership, and overall direction.          The importance
                         of involving  qlocar officials in the" decisions of the program clannot"4qbqe'-overstqdted.
                                                                                    q9
                         The Policy Comn0qu8qf8qf8qiqee's continued activity is equally important for successful imple-
                         mentatiorqi. The role of the Policy Committee'is geqrqierailly defined a's.-

                                 52q+ Support -implementation;
                                 52q+    Periodically review theq'qu4q@anti                          qt28qy aqcqtqlq;q0q72q)s as
                                                                    fiable ob0qjectiveqfq'and 80qf80qiqriori
                                      well as reqcoq'mm2qi4qmd modifications toq,meet program goals,
                                      Overseeq'program office;'
                                      Aut00qh6qorqiize workplan/0qfund8qIng; and
                                      40qP4q@aise matching hinds.



            2
              36;72q,76qn6q]2q@28q@
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                                                                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                               



                        After 'a review of theresposibilities of the Management and Policy Committees,
                        it is recommended that they sh
                                                          ould meet two to four time.s.pqer year..

                        One of the strengths of th@ Charlotte Harbor NEP is the alliance of locqdl governinqent.
                        and regulatory agencies for the entire region represq6nted on the Policy Committee.
                        8qPur local government and agency partners feel tqhat maintaining this decision-mak-
                        ing structure - with regulators and regulated interests working together toward 1qtom-
                                                          4
                        mon goals and assisted by scientific, and citizen advisors,- is critical to assuring
                        impleqn8qrentation of the plan. The "bottom-up" approach to environmental, manage-
                        ment -gives all partners a place in the commitment to tqheqftiture of the,region..
                                                                                                                              qV*8q+
                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Role*,,

                        U.S. EP6qAqhas set aside,$1.2 million, or $300,000 per year over four years q(q@q@ffginn2qmg
                        in October 1999) to assist the Charlotte Harbor NEP in overseeing implementation
                        of the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan. The federal contribu-
                        tion requires a local funding match of qat least 25 percent, to be provided by the
                        NEP's local governments. and agency participants. It should be noted, however, qfhat'
                        the U.S. EPA funding-                         e
                                                4qpust be -appropriat    d annually by Congress, and is therefore
                        dependent upon those- appropriations. The U.S. EPA is also involved as an imple-
                        menqting partner a-long with   Ithe many othq6rorganizations iqn the management confer-
                        ence. U.S. EPA has submitted several projects as early implementation programs,
                        which are included in Volume 2.


                        Staff and Local Sponsorship-
                        Maintaining an active program office is necessary to support'corniqmitteqe activities,
                        manage the 8qV. S. EPA gr   'ants and other 8qf8qf8qinding, provide a central information source,
                        and conduct the federal consistency rqe'view process. Maintenance of a coretqa0qf0qf
                        including a director, public inqVolvement specialist, and environmental planner/ad-
                        minister q4s@ recommended along with 8qiaintaining secretarial support through the
                        local sponsor.
                        Throughout tqhe plann'ing'qphase of the Charlotte      IHarbor N2qEPthe Southwest Florida
                        Regionat Planning     Council (SWFRPC) has been. the sponsor. -A Jocalq, spons           or,i2qs
                        required to receiveq'N36qEP funding from U.S. EPA. In keeq* ping with its sponsorship,
                        the council has provided office space, supplies, computers, and secretarial -support
                        for the program office. Unless the existing situation becomes -unwieldy for either
                        party, the management conference recommends that this relationship continue.
 







                         
                                                                                                                 _2
                                              Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
							Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan		                                                                   emeni Jq%



                         COST,& FiNA'NCING


                         Support for the activities of the management conference and the program office will.
                         continue 'during implmentation:     Additional funding- may also be needed to fund
                         the procjects and programs detailed in the priority actions and the preliminary irrqiPqle-
                         menitation projects. It is anticipated that U.S. EPA will provide core' funding of at
                                                          qp
                         least $300 000 annually. The' match for our 6qEPA4qNEP -grant should be contributed
                         by a combination of thqe agencies and local governments. - The. distribution and
                         amounts of match nqeeded,should. be detailed into the inter-locqal agreements so that
                         the expectations for each partner are clear and-q@pecific. Tqhe purpose is to provide
                                                        -'that there are adequate funds to -support. the- annual
                         qi4qhe 6qPeedeqd match inc.ash so'
                         workplan, committee activities, and the program office. !Funding for actual imple-
                         mentation projects, such as monitoring, restoration, and scientific studies,does not
                         need to be administered by the program office-and will likely be in the forms of both,'
                         cash and iqh-kind services. These efforts are needed in addition to the basic financial
                         support, of the program office, committees, and coordination functions.-

                         Co4qf4qts-fqor the implementation of 'each priority action will vary, depending upon the
                         resources of -the organizations carrying out the projects. Some prori2qo'actions can
                         be conducted with existing staff and infrastrquctquiqne; others require substantial -new
                                        di                  ir                         2qj      ost of each priority
                         efforts to be decated,fowarqd the@ completion. Estimatin the c
                         action based upon the existing resources of a "'generic" -organization 'qVq@as qdetq7er-
                                                                                         rqg
                         mined to be too 'coarse 4q@qf an estimate to be useful to the individual partners. ln@
                         stead, each -organization has estimated the reso2q&ces they. -will require (if any) -to
                       -complete the implementation projects detailed in Volume 2.

                         As implementation continues and new projects areqdetailqed, specific- cost estiqrrqiates
                         will be - determined., basedpon. the cost-effective use of existing resources aqnd -a
                         clear return on investment. , Additional funds required to implement the prqiq6riqty
                         actions in his management plan will.be obtained through many sources. Possibl4q&
                         sources q6f existing and additional funding arq6 described in'an appendix report to
                         this qdoqcqui0qnqent, 1999 Funding Sources Inventory for, the     Greater Charlotte Harbor
                         Watershed.'.-











           22488q@
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                                                                   Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                                 
                                                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                                  




                      Several themes have been identified to trect funding and resources towar8qfunding
                      the comprehensive management plan for the Greater Charlotte Harbor Wafershed

                          Maintain -existing levels of expenditures for program's making cost-effective
                          contributions qto!restoratio n goals;
                          Evaluate programs- that fall short of these aims aqnd investigate opportunities to
                                                                                      S,
                          redirect resources,to accomplish more with public dollar'
                          Aggressively pursue state and federal funding, assistance for -watershed man-
                          agement;
                          Promote public-private partnerships with the potential for real economic and.
                          natural resource benefits;
                          Support local option taxes, when deemed essential for the implementation. of
                          action plans; and
                          Pursue new funding sources beyond those described above only if strategies fail
                          to achieve adequate progress towards management and implementation.

                      If additional funds are necessary in the future, the Charlotte Harbor NEP has identi
                      fied various funding sources for local and, state partners to consider. These include
                                                                                                                        VIA
                      three broad categories of.revenue sources-

                            Debt instruments, such as long-term munqi     cipal bonds or the state 'revolving
                            Joan fund, that support large projects involving substantial engineering and                t-A
                            construction., -such as waste,,water treatment and reuse- facilities;.

                            Recurring sources,'such as taxes or user fees, that might be utilized for resto-
                            ration purposes, although this would probably ,require budget allocations qo0qn
                            the part of local governments; qand

                            Short-term revenue sources,such as,federal, state and private grants, which
                            can,provide short-term financing for projects. Their availability in the future is
                            uncertain, but these sources have been aggressively and successfully pursued
                            by NEPs, agency, and local governrnent partners.








                                                                                                          40qC96q@8q@q'68q@q-225
 






                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                           Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Managemetn Plan
                                                                         


                           Revenue sources are summarized and evaluated in *a separate report available from
                           the Charlotte Harbor NEP.      The report notes that some revenue sources are currently
                           -not being used to their full legal capacity. Federal grants and various debt'i nistru-
                           merits fall-into this category. Most local g6vernments level advalorem (property)
                           taxes, but operate below the maximum qmillaqge cqap, although. the margin may be
                           small in some 4q6ases. Impact and user fees2p2pa funding mechanism for envirormen-
                           tal programs also appear to be under utilized by qlqoqcaql'goqvqernments.The report"allso-.-
                           notes that other funding mechanisms that- are allowed by law but has limited local
                         --implementation, such as a'saltwater fishing licq@nse surchage and a marine fuel sur-
                           tax.-.


                           Some of these revenue sourceqg.4qmayevq&n serve as ince             ntives fqor eqnviro   rimentally
                           responsible behavior, as this chart illustrates:



                             Funding Source                               Incentive Mechanism
                            User fees                         Fe2qAased on usage, reduces impact on.resource.
                            Anchorage fees                       Reduce.anchor damage to nearshore'areas.
                            Pri,q@ilege fees'               Ca2qh q6e inq@plq@qmentedto manage use at public facilities.
                            Stormwqa ter utility     May reduce runoff pollution from propertieq@ by encouraging oh-site
                            fees                                       retention/stormwater tqrqqatment..
                            lqni2qpct fees                      Reduce septic tanks and qpaq@kage treatm ent pqla*nts.
                            Fines and penalties               Encourage cq6mpliqance with environmental laws.
                            Marine qfueqf surtax              Reduce use' of marine fuels anqA associated   ollution.
                                                                                                       4qP
                            Shellfish license qiees'             Encourage local shellfish management plans.'



                           Sufficient funding,for implementation projects is critical to the long-term manage-,
                           ment,  improvement,      and, protection of the    Greater Charlotte 6qRaqi6qbor Watershed.
                           Continued efforts will b2qe required to 44qwo8qr4q@ with federal,          state, regional, and lo0q&a6qI
                           0qpartners to secure   sufficient -implementation funding. The continued activities of
                           the management co8qh76qference        and its members will be of.great        agssist2qdnceq. to these
                           activities.








            .22
 






                                                                  Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                 
                                                                                                                       

                      MONITORING                    WATERSHED
                     -IMPROVEMENTS.                            EXCHANGING
                      INFORMATION


                                     'AS
                                        a phosphate industry member to the Charlotte Harbor
                                     NEP Citizens Advisory Committee I appreciate, -more now
                                     than ever, the needfor our industry communicating the.
                                                                                    ship we
                                     responible environment and reclamation steward
                                     practice." - E.E. (Ernie) Helms, C8qAC member


                      Efforts to monitor the'status and health of the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed
                      are central to the Success of implementation, Monitoring enables c6qfq@imunities to
                      measure the return on,investment for management efforts and allows enviromnental
                      managers to validate or refocus their activities.

                      An effective monitoring program provides the data necessary to assess the status
                      and trends in the health and abundance of the harbor's wildlife and habitats. This
                      information allows local governments and agencies to evaluate progress made in
                      regional,restoration and protection. The data also provide insights'into tqhqe effec-
                      tiverqiess of current manageqi8qf8qf8qienqi strategies,. indicating whq6n goals have been met, if
                      actions should continue, or whether more- stringent efforts are warranted.-

                      Monitoring the changqqs     cause0qd.by management actions in     ,a water shed is not as
                      simple as qpotqinting8qf8qish or measuring water quality., Watersheds, by their very na-
                      ture, are dynamic svstemqs. Populations'of fish, birds, and other organisms fluctuate
                      with natural cycles. Water quality also, varies, particularly as seasonal and annua
                      weather patterns change. The task of tracking environmental changes in an estuary
                      can be difficult - and distinguishing chqdn es
                                                                   q9 "paused by human actions from'     q.natu-
                      ral variations- can-be even more difficult.
 






                          Charlotte Habor National Estuary Program
                          Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                         The Charlotte Harbor NEP is establishing a regional. monitoring strategy, including
                         efforts to 'measure changes    in water,quality,   quantity; and habitat. 'These efforts
                          utilize- the existing organizations and measurement efforts already occurringin the
                          region.  Many programs, both public: and privately funded, contribute to the overall
                          knowledge of the study area.

                          Once monitoring information is collected, it is also, important that the facts are ana-
                          lyzed and -made widel   y available. Both the general public and technical users are
                          interested in the information that is collected. To promote the availability and ac-
                          cessibility of environmental information, a data management strategy           is also de-
                          tailed. Providing -accurate information to scientists, reporters,teachers, and voters
                          will enhanc e good decision-making and management.

                          EXISTING MONITORING PROGRAMS
                                                                 
                          One of the first projects conducted, by the, Charlotte Harbor NEP was to document
                          the existing monitoring programs in the study area. Public agencies such as local
                          governments,   state resource agencies, -and federal -offices were- queried about their
                          monitoring. programs.' Private organizations such as industrial facilities, not-for-
                          profit, and volunteer groups were also surveyed and their efforts were documented.

                          The results demonstrated- that there are many programs, both small and large, that
                          measure Water quality, water flows and levels, habitats, and wildlife populations.
                          These efforts, however, are    geographically -specific and are often. conducted for, a
                          limited period of time. The usefulness of the collected information, therefore, var-
                          ies greatly depending on, the, collection, method, the& length - of the dataset, and the
                          time in- which it was collected. Despite the limitations to the universal use of the
                          Many datasets in the region,it was still helpful for the technical community to be 
                          Aware of what programs were alread
                                                                  y -being conducted.
                          The Compendium of Existing Monitoring Programs facilitated the technical com-
                          munityto share information and to be more. efficient -with their monitoring resources.
                          Sites could now  be selected to build upon previous     datasets or to complement exist-
                          ing programs.', The. compendium provided an initial assessment of the monitoring
                          efforts in the region.

                                                                                                q_Y






                                                                          For more information, see the Compen-,
                                                                          dium of Existing Monitoring Programs
                                                                          in the Greater Charlotte Harbor Water
            228                                                           shed, Charlotte Harbor NEP.
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                                                        Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                     BASICS OF DEVELOPING- A MONITORING PROGRAM

                     To measure the effectiveness of bur management efforts, monitoring information  is
                     needed that specifically answers the question,"Are we reaching our management
                     plan's quantifiable objectives?" A process was defined to create an effective moni-
                     toring program that provides information to answer this important question. The
                     following steps-were outlined to create the long term monitoring strategy for the
                     Greate'r Charlotte Harbor Watershed:
                         List the environmental conditions (e.g. 'program goals)identified in the
                         Comprehensive - Conservation and Management Plan as specific improve-                      
                         ments expected to -result from the. recommended management and,regulatory
                         actions.
                         Translate,these goals into specific monitoring objectives.
                         Select specific indicators to address, each monitoring -objective.
                         Review existing monitoring programs; identify programs that -are measuring
                         the same 'or similar indicators.
                         Define the sampling design: fix ed stations, randomized stations, and/or
                         stratified designs.
                         Select methods -for collecting and processing samples.
                         Test the ability,of the, proposed program to meet performance criteria.






                                                                                                                 




                                            
                                                                                                                  

                                          





                                                         Striped mullet
                                                                         Artwork by. Victor McGuire




                                                                                                     229
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                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                          Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Mangement Plan



                          APPROACHES' TO, MONITORING

                          Experience- related to monitoring programs, dAta acquisition, and -data analysis sup-
                          ports the idea that -focusing  on,very specific questions will provide more useful -in-
                          formation than programs that have, vague- objectives.       Monitoring program       objec-
                          tives should reflect public concerns, existing research, and perhaps modeling efforts
                          to refine our knowledge of a particular issue.

                          Monitoring programs are able to answer or help guide questions about an issue that
                          c -an be made more, understandable .with quantitative information and analysis.  The             
                          actual design of a monitoring program should refl    ect,the uncertainty associated with
                          the chosen approach' and the extent of the area for which management,decisions are
                          being considered. Different monitoring designs are employed when different man-
                          agement questions are asked. As the quantifiable objectives and priority actions for
                          the CCMP were developed, the actions were designed to be                measurable as pos
                          sible. With. this specificity, our progress can be     measured through corresponding
                          monitoring eff orts.

                          Of course,  with, any data 'collection effort it is important that the. equipment work's,
                          properly and that the samples or counts are accurately measured. Additionally, it is
                          important to know how the sites were selected.       When fixed stations are monitored,
                          samples are taken, at the same location each time samples are collected., The fixed
                          station approach provides very good information about how the conditions at. -that
                          place change over time. The information may not be applicable, however, to any
                          other sites. Therefore, sampling at fixed stations allows us. to conclude a -lot with
                          relatively few samples about a particular site, but the information is difficult to ex-
                          trapolate to, other,areas.
                          Taking samples with -census coverage, *is used, when the inform ation has geographic
                          characteristics suitable -for. mapping. -This type of measurement is very complete
                          over a large area, but may-hot provide much detail about changes at a specific site the
                          'Way fixed' station MOnitoring can.

                          A third approach, using. a stratified random design, can also be used. The stratified
                          random method picks sites -randomly for each time samples are taken,so long as the
                          sites have specific characteristics. Since the sites are picked randomly, the, results
                          sites have specific ch,
                          are'very strong' statistically and are very reliable. The weakness of the-stratified
                          random method is that samples should be taken over a -very long time period -to make



                                                                        For additional information, see Long
                                                                        Term Monitoring Strategy and Gap
            230                                                         Analysis.
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                                                                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                           Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                        conclusions about any particular site.   If the status of a particular locati on is a con-
                        cem, conclusions can be drawn more rapidly with a fixed station design.

                        Finally, a before-and-after approach can be used to measure if a desired event has
                        occurred or whether something has been done. For. example, when measuring the
                        amount of conservation -lands that. have been acquired, for quantifiable           objective
                        FW- 1, conservation lands, should -be counted prior to implementation of the Com-
                        prehensive Conservation and Management Plan and during each year of imple-
                        mentation. - Then the change in the total amount of conservation lands can be com-
                        puted and monitored. This type of measurement is the simplest,measurement to
                        make, as long as the information is collected at the desired time intervals to make
                        the computation.
                      -,Each of the quantifiable objectives and priority actions in this management plan
                        has been evaluated on how to measure our progress towards achieving them and the
                        status of the- resources of 'Concern. For each quantifiable objective and priority
                        action, a: specific monitoring approach 'or approaches have -been identified. With-
                        this, information, we will develop specific monitoring plans for each plan compo-
                        nent.
                                              
                        Further,  these approaches have been compared to the existing -information that is
                        available and information gaps that have been identified. -The- specific monitoring
                        programs will focus on these. gaps and ensuring'that'sufficient infOrmation'is col-
                        lected to assess the status and trends of our quantifiable objectives.




                                                                                                                          








                                                                              Photo by David Moldel
                                        Researchers, Tom Riese and Peggy Wilzbach, study the seagrass
                                        beds in Charlotte Harbor.
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                                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                           Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                                                                                                                          



                                           SPECIFIC MONITORING                                   EFFORTS                                      Marine/Coastal/Estuarine/
                                                                                                                                            Tidal Rivers Core Analytes
                  Monitoring will be conducted to measure                                               Analyte/Parameter                            Method
                                                                                                                                PAR (light attenuation, k)             approved RAMP protoco
                                           long term trends as well as to measure
                                           specific progress,in the priority -actions.                                                 secchi disc-                           20 cm
                                                                                                                                       temperature                       EPA (1983), 170.1
                                           Ambient water quality monitoring in ma-
                                           rine and estuarine areas will be conducted                                                     salinity,                      SM [17th Ed., 25.213
                                                                                                                                                                        (from conductivity)
                                           with     a. stratified,. randomized approach                                          specific conductance'                  EPA (1983), 120.1
                                           and the parameters measured as described                                              dissolved oxygen                       EPA (1983), 360.1-
                                           in the. accompanying tables. The study                                                          pH.                          EPA (1983), 150.1
                                           area has been divided into -six geographic                                                color (PCU)                       EPA (1983) 110 3
                                           'strata, to ensure that each 'basin- can be                                                                                  (spectrometer) RAMP
                                                                                                                                                                          method issue
                                           characterized. At least 30 samples will                                               turbidity (NTU)                      EPA (1983), 180,1
                                           be taken within -each geographic strata per
                                                                                                                                 total suspended solids,                EPA (1983), 160.2
                                           year with an estimated annual total cost
                                                                                                                            chlorophyll-a (corrected for             SM 16th Ed., 1002G, SM
                                                                                                                                     phaeophytin)
                                           -Of $104,000. Some-parameters are rec-                                                                                      17th .Ed., 10200 H
                                           ommended as core analytes to be mea-                                                    total nitrogen                           calculation
                                                                                                                                                                        (TKN + N02-NO3-N)
                                           sured-at all locations, others are desig-
                                                                                                                                 total Kjeldahl nitrogen                 SM 17th Ed., 4500-N
                                           nated `optional" as they are, only impor-                                                                                          org B or C
                                           tant at,certain sites,               times-of year, or for                            total ammonia nitrogen                 A(l983) 350.1 RAMP
                                                                                                                                                                              method issue
                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                           'very specific pollutant problems.
                                                                                                                           total nitrite+nitrate nitrogen                EPA (1983), 353.2
                                                                                                                                 dissolved orthophosphate                EPA (1983), 365.1                                                                                                    
                                           Freshwater systems will be monitored                                                                                         (requires fi  I ration)
                                           primarily at fixed stations, particularly            total phosphor            EPA (1983), 365.1 or 365.4
                                           stations        that     correspond to gages that                                     total organic carbon                         EPA 415.2
                                           measure flow.             Coupling water'quality in--
                                           formation with flow, measurements allows scientists to compute total loads, which
                 On
                                           is a- critical, piece of information about the watershed, especially in the development
                                                                                                                                 of total maximum daily joads
                                                                                                                                 (TMDLs). -Additional parameters need
                                                       Optional Marine/Coastal/Estuarine/
                                                                  Tidal Rivers Analytes
                                                                                                                              to be measured in freshwater systems
                                                  Analyte/Parameter                              Method                          -.such as chloride, sulfate, total carbon-,
                                                     dissolved silica                                                            and am monia.
                                                                                            USGS 102700-8
                                                                                             (autoanalyzer)
                                                   5-day biochemical                      EPA (1983), 405.1                      Habitat will be measured thorough the
                                                     oxygen demand
                                              total-coliform bacteria             SM 9221B (most probable                     use, of maps produced by geographic
                                                                                         number)/SM 9222B                        information- systems (GIS) that track
                                                                                            (membrane filter),
                                                                                                                                 land use changes, public land acquisi-
                                                 fecal coliform bacteria             SM 9221C (most probable,
                                                                                         number    /SM 9222D                     tion, and 'private property, desig hated
                                                                                            (mern rane filter)
                                                                                                                                 as conservation lands. Seagrass extent



                 232
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                                                                                                                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                                                                                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                                               Lakes and Non Tidal Rivers Core Analytes                               will be measured              nd mapped every two
                                               Analyte/Parameter                         Method                      to three years through the use -of aerial
                                                                                                                     photography _and                     periodic ground-
                                                    secchi disc                    Lakes only, 20 cm.
                                                                                                                     truthing.
                                                    temperature                    EPA (1983), 170.1
                                                 dissolved oxygen                  EPA (1983), 360.1                 Measuring these parameters will provide-
                                                        PH                         EPA (1983), 150.1
                                                    color (PCU)                    EPA (1983) 110.3                   a comprehensive evaluation of any
                                                                               (spectrometer) RAMP                changes occurring in the watershed over
                                                                                       method issue -
                                                                                                                     time. By recording these parameters., the
                                                 turbidity (NTU)                   EPA (11983), 180.1
                                                                                                                     data will identify pollution trends and the
                                              total suspended solids               EPA (1983), 160.2
                                                                                                                     magnitude of change. This monitoring
                                          chlochlorophyll-a (corrected for          SM 16th Ed., 1002G,       SM
                                                    phaebphytin)                   17th Ed., 10200 H                 will be conducted through many partners
                                                 -total nitrogen                 Calculation
                                                                                (TKN + N02-NO3-N)
                                                                                                            to. reduce overall costs, increase the use
                                                                                                                     of the information, and to prevent dupli-
                                             total Kjeldahl nitrogen             SM 17th Ed., 4500-N
                                                                                        org B or C                   cation of effort. The Technical Advisory
                                            total ammonia nitrogen              A (1983),350.1 RAMP                   Committee is- the central forum to dis-
                                                                                       method issue
                                                                                                                     cuss monitoring practices and coordina-
                                          total nitrite+nitrate nitrogen           EPA (1983), 353.2                 tion. Examples of the existing monitor-
                                            dissolved orthophosphate'              EPA (1983), 365.1
                                                                                 (requires field filtration)         ing programs incorporated into this strat-
                                                 total phosphorus             EPA (1983), 365.1 or 365.4             egy include counties (Sarasota, Manatee,
                                                      chloride                          EPA 300.0                    Charlotte, Lee and Polk Counties), South
                                                       sulfate                          EPA 300.0                    and Southwest Florida Water Manage-
                                               total organ c carbon                     EPA 415.2                    ment Dis         tricts, Florida Department of
                                                                                                                     Environmental Protection, and U.S. Geo-
                                        logical Survey.               Additional wildlife and habitat monitoring programs will- also be
                                        utilized including the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National Marine Fisheries -Ser-
                                        vice, and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
                                                                                                                                                                                                            I>
                                        Monitoring results will be conveyed                                   in     -           Optional Marine/Coastal/Estuarine               II
                                        the program's newsletter, during the
                                                                                                                                           Tidal Rivers Analytes
    Technical Advisory Committee meetings,'
                                                                                                                                         'a                           M hod
                                        and the Charlotte Harbor Information Re-                                            Analyte/Parameter                     Method
                                        source Center described in this chapter.                                               dissolved silica                    USGS 102700-8
                                                                                                                                                                   (autoanalyzer)
                                        These       communication methods were se-
                                        lected based upon our,surveys of both                                                5-day biochemical                  EPA (1983)405.1
                                                                                                                              oxygen demand
                                        public and technical information users.
                                                                                                                                                                  221B (most probab
                                                                                                                           total coliform bacteria          SM 9                        le
                                        By providing information. in these man-                                                                                 numBer)/SM 9222B
                                                                                                                                                                  (membrane filter)
                                        ners, both types of audiences will have
                                                                                                                           fecal coliform bacteria          SM 922 1 C (most probable
                                        access to the information in a format that
                                        they prefer.                                                                                                            number)/SM 9 22D
                                                                                                                                                                  (membrane filter)






                                                                                                                                                                                                           2
                                                                                                                                                                                                              33
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                         Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Mangement Plan



                         ENHANCED         INFORMATION' AND, EXCHANGE

                         A data management strategy is- a, required element of each National Estuary\ Pro-
                         gram. The purpose of these activities is to assist with the following needs:


                             Provide information aboutthe technical information that is available;-
                             Facilitate the exchange of information among different organiz ations; and
                             Support efforts for the- analysis.of scientific information.

                         The general public, engineers, managers, and scientists desire relevant resource in-
                         formation in a timely and easy-to-use manner. -Government agencies,may be                ca-
                         pable of reducing over-lapping data acquisition efforts and filling in data gaps with-
                         out significantly increasing budgets and personnel
                         'if the" are aware of efforts outside their individual
                          organizations. Providing timely information. by
                         -maximizing the existing systems is the goal of a             Examples of I m portant-
                                                                                        Environmental Data'
                         coordinated   information    management, analysis,
                         and exchange process.
                                                                                                Rainfall
                                                                                       Map (spatial) information.
                         Members of the Charlotte Harbor NEP manage-                     land use information
                         ment conference, both citizens andtechnicalmem-                  Groundwater levels
                         bers, provided the information. for the data. man-
                                                                                           Population growth
                         agement strategy. The first objectives of the Char-                 Water quality
                         lotte Harbor NEP data management strategy are                    Wildlife populations.
                         designed to:                                                           Habitat
                                                                                               River flow
                                                                                            Pollutant loads
                                         Identify data gaps;.
                                         Identify data needs;-and.
                                         Identify access' and exchange needs:
                         0nce the needs were described'the strategy identified the organizations to fill data
                           nc
                         gaps.  It also identifies tools. such as geographic information systems (GIS) to ana-
                         lyze-information. The strategy documents preliminary coordination efforts needed
                         with local institutions who collect and store data. Finally, the strategy documents
                       specific recommendations for actions to fill data-gaps,mechanism for-the coordi-
                         nation of analyses, and the facilitation of,information exchanges among organiza-
                         tions.
 








                                                                                              Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program           
                                                                                           Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                      Through a process  of meetings,workshops,   a d surveys, the data gaps and needs
                      were identified.   The  needs of both the general public and scientists were consid
                      ered. Participants.were interested in both maximizing the use of data. that has al-
                      ready been collected and also identifying information that is-needed to make good
                      decisions. Scientists were concerned about preventing overlapping efforts in,re-
                      search And monitoring, and to, ensure that the data. used for management decisions
                      were reliable. Non-technical participants such as- property owners, students, and
                      reporters were interested in promotingthe availability of clear, accurate analyses of
                     'A under-
                      data in terms that a lay person ca
                      stand.
                                                                      Identified Data Gaps & Needs-
                      Not surpri singly, once public and techni-
                      cal users were surveyed,-it was demon-          Create a regional data exchange'
                      strated that both the types of information          system.
                      needed and,their format were      different       -Document existing datacollection
                      between scientists and the. general pub-            efforts.
                      lic. Scientists had greater ability to use         Utilize new technologies to
                      information in electronic forms; they ac-           promote infor mation exchange.
                      tually preferred information to be trans-        Compile site-specific land use
                      ferred in a computer-compatible format.            information.,
                      Teachers,, reporters, students' and voters          Encourage cumulative impact
                      preferred more general information and              assessments.
                      information in paper format such as                 Identify critical information needs.
                      books and newsletters.                              Evaluate the effectiveness of a
                                                                          centralized database system.










                                                 






                                              
                                                       
                                                                          Photo by Melissa Upton
                                      Volunteers monitor sea turtle nesting sites on the beaches of
                                     Sanibel island.



                                                                                                                       235
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                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                          Draft Comprehensive and Management Plan



                          CHARLOTTEHARBOR INFORMATION RESOURCE CENTER

                          The data management strategy recommends that an information resource center be
                          established at Florida Gulf Coast University Library. The center, which has, already
                          been established, includes both. a web site and a -special collection located at the
                          library. The website is located at http://library.fgcu.edu/cnep/. The materials are
                          reviewed and catalogued by the trained librarians at the university. The Charlotte
                          Harbor NEP continues to financially support the        establishment of the center, the
                          website, and the initial accumulation of reports and materialsfor the special. collec-
                          tion. The total cost to-establish the center.and collect-the existing materials will be
                          -approximately $60,000,which has -already, been budgeted and funded.

                          Once the collection -contains the watershed's existing reports     and-analyses, the li-
                          brary will support the on-going maintenance of the collection, lending of materials
                          through inter-library loan, and the website. Since a primary mission the univer-
                          sity is to support environmental education and understanding, the support of this
                          collection is complementary to the goals of the university. Additionally, through the
                          Southwest Florida Library Network, materials located at the Florida Gulf Coast
                          University Library can be requested at any public library in the system.   The colle-
                          tion can be searched through a, custom
                          search engine and, in the case of short'
                          reports or papers, be viewed and printed
                          directly from the website. Thepublic can
                          access the website through personal com-
                          puters or with the computers available at
                                        b              gion's      ary
                          each public li rary in the re       libr
                          network.




                                                                                                                   
                                                                






                          Photo right: Corey Franklin,. of the Polk
                          County Natural Resources and Drainage
                          Division,, collects water quality stormwater
                          samples>



            236
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                                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                      ON-GOINGDATA--        COLLECTION AND INFORMATION SHARING

                      As new reports and.papers are generated, the Technical Advisory Committee will
                      encourage the technical community to submit new information to the library and its
                      special collection. Actual datasets with monitoring information will not be stored
                      at the Charlotte Harbor Information Resource Center.- Instead, monitoring. pro-
                      grams are encouraged to enter their information in STORET, as required by moni-
                      toring efforts receiving state funding. There is no cost to the program for the state
                      STORET system. The STORET system does not provide, statistical, graphical, and,
                      report generating tools.  Most scientists prefer to use their own statistical software
                      to analyze data. However, the Charlotte Harbor,Information Resource Center has,
                      sponsored the library's aquisition of ArcExplorer software and some 6f the major
                      spatial datasets to provide universal access to projects and maps created with the'
                      -geographic information system (GIS) software called "ArcInfo". ArcInfo is the
                      -most common GIS software used by both the public and private sectors.

                      The Charlotte Harbor NEP will review the monitoring efforts and-data management
                      efforts at least once every two years to assess performance and correct problems.
                      The 'progress -of the monitoring and data management systems. will be reported to
                      the management conference, included in newsletter articles, and described. in th
                      biennial review submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.










                                                                                


                                                                            





                                                                        Photo by David Moldal,
                                  'Volunteers test water samples early in the morning Matlacha Pass.




                                                                                                                237








































                                                                                                       J









                -------------------------




















                                                                                       Shrimp,trawler-


                                                                                                                                                   Artwork by Victor McGuire
                          ,@@ ryl@


                 238







                                                             Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Mangement Plan
                                                                                         

                     REFERENCES
                                                                                               
                     Central Florida Regional Planning Council. 1997. Strategic Regional. Policy
                            Plan, Central Florida Regional Planning Council, Bartow, Florida.

                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program. 1999.   Federal Consistency
                            Report North Fort Myers, Florida, 19 pp.

                     Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program. 1998. Our Southwest Florida
                            Natural Resources and Economy, FS-99-1, Charlotte Harbor National-
                            Estuary Program, North Fort M ers, Florida.

                     Estevez, Ernest D. 1998. The Story of the Greater Charlotte Harbor
                            Watershed, Prepared for Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program,                                                                                    ,y Program,
                            North Fort Myers, Florida, 135 pp.

                     Hazen and Sawyer.'1998. Estimated Economic Value of Resources,
                            Prepared for Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program, North Fort
                            Myers, Florida'.

                     Post,Buckley, Schuh, & Jernigan. 1998. Framework'for Action: Quantifiable
                            Objectives and Proposed Action Plans for the Greater Charlotte
                            Harbor Watershed, Technical Report No. 98-04, Prepared -for Charlotte
                            Harbor National Estuary, Program, North Fort Myers' Florida.

                     Post, Buckley, Schuh, & Jernigan. 1999. Synthesis of Existing Information,
                           ..Volume 1: A Characterization of Water Quality,Hydrologic
                            Alterations, and Fish and Wildlife Habitat in the Greater
                            Charlotte Harbor Watershed, Technical Report 99-02, Prepared for
                            Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program, North Fort Myers, Florida.

                     Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council. 1998. Base,Programs Analysis,
                            Volume 1: Description of the Existing Laws, Policy, and Resource
                            Management Structure in the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed,
                            Technical Report No. 98-01, Prepared for Charlotte Harbor National
                            Estuary Program, North Fort Myers, Florida.




                                                                                                 239
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                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                      Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan


                      Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council.. 1998. Base Programs Analysis,
                             -Volume 2: Connections and Gaps, Technical Report No. 98-03,
                             Prepared for Charlo'tte' -Harbor National Estuary Program, North, Fort
                             Myers, Florida.
                               

                      Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council.- 1995. Strategic,Regional Policy-
                             Plan, Southwest Florida RegionaI. Planning Council, North Fort Myers;
                             Florida.


                      W. DexterBender and Associates., 1997.. Compendium of Existing
                             Monitoring Programs -in. the Greater Charlotte Harbor Watershed,
                             Technical Report No. 97-03, Prepared- for Charlotte Harbor National
                             Estuary Program, North Fort Myers, Florida.

                      W. Dexter Bender and Associates., 1999.. Long Term Monitoring -Strategy and,
                             Gap Analysis- (Draft. Prepared for Charlotte Harbor-National-Estuary
                             Program, North Fort M yers, Florida, 59 pp.
                                                                                                      


























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                                                                Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan 


                      GLOSSARY

                      algae - a group of small aquatic.plants; occur as one-celled, filaments, or colo-
                      nial; having no true root, stem or leaf; the base -of the aquatic food chain.

                      algae bloom - a heavy growth of algae in a body of water; blooms commonly
                      caused by high concentrations of nutrients in the water column.

                      anoxic - a condition of no oxygen in a water body.

                      anthropogenic - resulting from human activities.

                      aquifer -.a water-storing underground, rock formation.

                      atmospheric deposition - the   transfer of pollu tants and nutrients suspended.in
                      the air to the, ground or open Water; deposition commonly metals and compounds.
                      of nitrogen and sulfur.

                      beach re-nourishment - the process of pumping sand onto eroded beaches.;
                      material for this process commonly taken from channels and off-shore resources.

                      beneficiation   an industrial process to transform phosphate pebble (rock) into
                      commercially marketable phosphate.    The process is an energy intensive activity-,

                      benthic - referring to the bottom of a body of water..

                      Best Management Practices (BMP) - A practice or combination of practices that
                      provide the most effective and practicable means of controlling point and
                      nonpoint pollutants at levels compatible With environmental quality goals.

                      Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) - The quantity of oxygen demand present
                      -in a sample. as measured by a specific test. A major objective of conventional
                      wastewater treatment is to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand so thathe
                      oxygen content of the water body will not. be significantly, reduced. Although
                      B0D is not a specific compound, it is defined as a conventional pollutant under
                      the federal Clean Water Act.


                      biodiversity - A network of composition, structure, -and function of a given
                      system that encompasses the natural biological wealth, of organisms.
 







       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program                
       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan





                       brackish - water with salinity common to estuaries; this condition has a salinity
                       concentration between fresh and marine.


                       carnivore - flesh-.eating org anism.

                       coliform bacteria - a type of bacterium that in high concentrations indicates a
                       Polluited water body; this type occurs in animal feces.

                       deep-well injection --a process whereby a liquid, -usually treated water or waste
                       water, is pumped underground

                       detritus-- small particles of rock, sand, and/or dead organic and disintegrating
                       vegetation.


                       dredge spoil - sand and/or mud removed from the bottom of a water bod after
                       dredging
                       
                       ecosystem - a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms-
                       with their environment.


                       effluent.- water released into the environment; commonly from waste water
                       treatment processes or industrial processing.

                       epiphytes - refers to growing on the surface. Epiphytes are a generalclassifica
                       tion of algae commonly attached to seagrasses.

                       estuary - a semi-enclosed land and water interface where fresh water mixes with
                       marine, waters, allowing unique plants and animals to -thrive; tidal -mixing actions
                       are common in an estuary.

                       eutrophic -.a water quality condition typified by high productivity and nutrient
                       inputs, with periods of oxygen deficiency from algae decomposition. This condi-
                       tion can be accelerated by pollution.

                       exotic species - a plant or animal species not native to an ecosystem.

                       -fauna - animals of -a region.

                       flora - plants of a region.
 







                                                        Y Y---
                                                           54
                               Opall CompieSenjive Conjervalron andMavayemenf Yan




             groundwater - water stored in underground- sand rock formations; replenished
             from surface infiltration.


             habitat - the specific place or environment where a p4rticular plant or animal
             lives. An organisms habitat must provide all the basic requirements for life and
             should be free of, harmful contaminants.


                      dition of low
             hypoxia*a con    dissolved oxygen in *the-water- hypoxia typically
             indicates less than or equal to two milligram's of oxygen per liter.

             inlet - a short, -narrow waterwa - connecting a ba or la oon with the sea.
                               y              9

             Intertidal - the area of bay/bottom that is alternately covered with water and then
             exposed due to the rise and fall of tide waters.

             littora.1 drift - the parallel movement of suspended sand along the beach;. drift
             caused by wave and tidal action.

             mangrove - a salt-tolerant,'sub-tropical tree found,in estuarine and marine
             environments; mangrove leaves are an int&gral part of the-food web.

             non-point source pollution -,pollution from no specific source. This type of
             pollution is generally from surfac@, ground, or. rain Water coming iri.contact with
             contaminants on the land or air such as pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, animal
             waste, gasoline, vehicle exhaust, powerplant emissions@, and liquid -waste fronr
             failing household septic tank systems. This Source of pollution is difficult to
             measure.,


             nutrients - any substarfee required by organisms for normal growth and mainte-
             nance. Mineral nutrients usually refer to inorganic substances derived from soil
             and water. Excessive amounts of nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus,
             may result in excessive growth of algae, leading to oxygen depletion and water
             quality degradation.

             photosynthesis - the synthesis of organic matter-from inorganic substrates using,
             light as a source of energy.

             plankton -.passively floging or, weakly motile microscopic plant and animal life;
             refers to various spScie,s 'of plants and animals at the base of the aquatic food,
             chain.






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                          Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                         Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                        


            

                        point source pollution - pollution from a specific source such as, a stormwater
                        pipe, -waste water plant discharge, or industrial discharge easier to-quantify this
                        source.


                        red tide    characterized by an above average concentration of the toxic phy-
                        toplankton Gymnodinium breve; red tide causesfish and,manatee mortality and
                        shellfish contamination; process -thought to be linked to high, freshwater flows and
                        nutrients into'. marine- 'waters.

                        rookery     the breeding or nursery ground of birds or animals.

                        -runoff   the portion of precipitation on the. land that reaches, a water body.

                        SAV - abbreviation for "submerged- aquatic vegetation," including seagrasses and
                        other emergent aquatic   vegetation.,

                        salinity - a measure of the dissolved salts in a water body, especially of sodium,                                      
                        magnesium, and potassium.

                        salt marsh- coastal ecosystems with communities of salt tolerant plants occupy-
                        ing intertidal zones that are at least- occasionally inundated with salt water, refers
                        to a type of marsh that -exists at interface of land and marine waters.

                        saltern - a -tidal area, where sea water evaporates and salt concentrates.

                        saltwater intrusion - a process of high salinity groundwater moving inland and
                        mixing with low salinity groundwater; intrusion commonly results from, over
                        pumping groundwater resources.

                        sea grass - extremely productive flowering marine. plants found -in estuaries and
                        shallow open shelves off the coast; sea grass provides habitat for numerous fishes
                        and invertebrates. Three common species exist in Florida (turtle grass, manatee
                        grass, and shoal grass).
                        seawall - a wall or embankment constructed along ashore to reduce erosion from.
                        -wave action; the structure greatly- reduces -tidal habitat.

                        septic tank system, - a system of tanks and porous pipes in which. waste water. is
                        treated by aerobic -and'anaerobic bacterial- decomposition in the surrounding soil;
                        septic systems are a common source. of pollution to surface and groundwater if not
                        functioning properly.
                                   
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                                                                 Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                    Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                                                                                                                      
                    stormwater runoff- - water from rain, often' carrying oils, trash, dissolved metals,
                    and other pollutants. Storm -water is a major source of pollution to rivers,- lakes,
                    and estuarine waters.


                    tide - periodic rising and falling of the oceansresulting from lunar and solar
                    forces acting upon the,rotating earth. Tide action strongly influences estuarine
                    plants, animals, and bottom'con-figuration.

                    tributary- a body of water that supplies a larger body of -water.

                    trophic state - the nutritional status of a particular body of water. Nitrogen and
                    phosphorus, the principal waterborne 'nutrients, commonly influence the trophic
                    state.


                    turbidity - a measurement of water clarity; caused by a suspension of fine solids.

                    uplands     teffestrial areas above the influence of tide waters.

                    urbanization - the conversion of low density open spaces to high density-human
                    development such as houses or 'shopping malls; processdecreases the volume of
                    groundwater/ infiltration and increases storm water runoff.

                    watershed      a drainage area or basin in which'all land and. water areas drain or
                    flow toward a central collector such as a. stream, river,- or lake at a lower elevation.

                    wetland - an ecosystem defined by unique plants, soils, and hydrology; plants' in
                    wetlands are adapted to tolerate wet conditions.

                    zooplankton - microscopic animals that float freely in water, graze on detritus
                    particles, bacteria, and algae, and may be consumed by fish.











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                                                                                                                   Artwokk by Victor KcGuire'



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                                                   Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                     Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan

                 LIST OFACRONYMS

                 -ABM          Agency for Bay Management (Estero Bay)
                 ACEE          Advisory Committee on Environmental Education
                 ACOE          Army Corps of Engineers
                 ADCP          Acoustic Doppler, Current Profiler
                 AGWQMP       Agricultural Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Program
                 AIRMoN        Atmospheric lntegrated Research Monitoring Network
                 ASR          Aquifer Storage and Recovery
                 AWWA          American Water Works Association
                 BEST          Biomonitoring Environmental Status and Trends
                 BMP          Best Management Practice
                 BoCC          Board of Coun Commissioners
                                           ty
                 BOMP          Bureau of Mine Reclamation
                 BPA           Base Programs Analysis,
                 BSLER         Bureau of Submerged Lands and Environmental Resources
                 CAC           Citizens" Advisory Committee
                 CARL          Conservation and Recreation Lands
                 CCMP          Comprehensive 'Conservation and Management Plan
                 CCU           Charlotte, County Utilities
                 CDBG          Community Development Block Grant
                 CDM           Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc.
                 CES(a)        Center for Environmental Studies
                 CES(b)        Cooperative Extension Service
                 CFRPC         Central Florida Regional Planning Council
                 CHASBP        Charlotte Harbor Aquatic & State Buffer Preserves
                 CHEC        Charlotte Harbor Environmental Center
                 CHEVWQMN      Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality
                               Monitoring Network
                 CLASAC         Conservation Lands Acquisition and Stewardship Committee,
                 CMP          Clean Marina Program
                 COE           Army Corps of Engineers
                 CREW          Corkscrew, Regional Ecosystem Watershed
                 CROW          Clinic for Rehabilitation of Wildlife
                 CRP           Conservation Reserve Program:
                 CSO          Citizen Support Organization
                 CWA           Clean Water Act
                 CWM           Comprehensive Watershed Management
                 CWMP         Caloosahatchee Water Management Plan
 






                      Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                      Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                      CZMA            Coastal Zone Management Act.
                      CZARA           Coastal Zone, Act Re-authorization Amendm ents
                      DCA             Department of Community Affairs
                      DEP             Department of Environmental Protection
                      DO              Dissolved Oxygen
                      DOA             Department.of Agriculture
                      Doc             Department of Commerce
                      'DOD            Department of Defense
                      DOH             Department of Health
                      DOI             Department of the Interior
                      DOT             Department of Transportation
                      DRI             Development,of Re ional Impact
                      DRP             Division of Recreation & Parks
                      DW             -Domestic Water
                      DWMP          District Water Management Plan
                      EAR,            Evaluation and Appraisal. Report.
                      EBA&BP        Estero Bay Aquatic & Buffer_Preserves
                      EBB             Estero Bay Buddies.
                      ECARP           Environmental -Service Conservation Acreage Reserve Program
                      ELMAC           Environmental Lands Management and Acquisition Committee
                      EM              Ecosystem Management
                      EMA             Ecosystem Management Area
                      EMAP            Environmental-Monitoring and Assessment Program
                      EMC             Ecosystem Management Coordinator
                                                            -'Water Quality Assessment Section
                      EMWQAS          Ecosystem Management
                      EPA             Environmental Protection Agency
                      EPCRA           Emergency Planning. and Community Right-to-Know-Act
                      EQJP            Environmental- Quality Incentives Program
                      ERD(a)          Environmental Research and Design, Inc.
                      ERD(b)          Environmental Resources Division-
                      ERP             Environmental Resource Permitting
                      ESIP            Environmental Integration Services Program'
                      ESQG            Exempt Small Quantity Generators
                      FAC               Florida Administrative Code
                      FACEE           Florida Advisory Committee on Environmental Education
                      FCHAP           Friends of the Charlotte Harbor Aquatic- Preserves
                      FCT             Florida Communities Trust
                      FDEP          Florida Department of Environmental Protection
                      FDOT            Florida, Department of Transportation
                      FEMA            Federal Emergency Management Agency
                      FFWCC           Florida Fish and -Wildlife,Conservation Commission


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                                                 Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                        Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                FGCU         Florida Gulf Coast University
                FIP          Forestry Incentives Program
                FIPR         Florida Institute of Phosphate Research
                FIRM         Flood Insurance Rate Map
                FL           Florida
                FLUCCS       Florida Land Use/Cover Classification _System
                FMRI.        Florida Marine Research Institute                       
                FRDAP        Florida Recreation Development Assistance Program
                FS           Florida Statutes
                FW           Fish and Wildlife Habitat Loss
                FY&N         Florida Yards -& Neighborhoods Program
                GCHEMA       Greater Charlotte Harbor Ecosystem Management Area-
                GDC          General'Development Corporation
                GFC          Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission
                GICIA        Gasparilla Island Conservation and Improvement Association
                GIS          Geographic -Information System
                GPS          Global Positioning System
                HA           Hydrologic Alterations
                HUD          Department of Housing and Urban Development
                IFAS         Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
                IR-          Infrared
                ISTEA        Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
                IW           Industrial Water,
                IWRM         Integrated Water-Resources Monitoring
                LDR          'Land Development Regulation
                LE/AD        Lakes Education/Action Drive
                LOS          Level of Service,
                LPA          Local Planning Agency,
                LRTP         Long Range Transportation Plan
                LSU          Louisiana State University
                LWC          LowerWestCoast
                M/WBE        Minority or Women Owned Business Enterprise
                MFL          Minimum Flows and Levels,
                MGATV        Manatee Government Access: Television
                MOA          Memorandum of Agreement
                MOU          Memorandum of Understanding
                MPO          Metropolitan, Planning Organization
                MPRSA        Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
                MS4          Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
                MSFCMA       Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
                MSSW         Management and Storage of Surface Waters
 






                       Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                       Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan



                       MTC             -Manufacturing Technology' Center
                       NADP/NTN        National Atmospheric Deposition Program/
                                       -Nation\al Trends Network
                       NAWQA           National.WAter Quality Assessment Program
                       NB S'          National Biolgical Service
                       NEP            National, Estuary Program
                       NEPA            National Environmental Policy Act
                       NEXTEA          National Economic Crossroads Transportation Efficiency Act
                       NGVI)           -National Geodatic Vertical Datum
                       NIST            National Institute of Standards and Technology
                       NOAA           National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                       NPDES           National.Pollutant Discharge Elimination System-
                       NPS             Nonpoint Source
                       NRCS            Natural Resources- Conservation Service
                       NRPS            Natural Res'ources Planning Section
                       NWR             National Wildlife  Refuge
                       OFW             Outstanding Florida Waters
                       OGT            Office of Greenways and Trails 
                       P2              Pollution Prevention
                       P2000           Preservation 2000
                       P-2000          Preservation 2000
                       PA              Priority Action
                       PLRG            Pollution Load Reduction Goals
                       POTWS           Publicly Owned Treatment Works
                       PR/MRWSA       Peace River/Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority
                       PSA             Public\ Service Announcement
                       PSC             Public Service Commission
                       QO              Quantifiable Objective
                       QWIP            Quality of Water Improvement Program
                       RBNERR          Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve
                       RC&D,           Resource Conservation. and Development Program
                       RCRA           Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
                       RPC            Regional Planning- Council
                       SARA            "Superfund" Amendments and Reauthorization Act
                       SCCF            Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation
                       SD              South District, Florida Departm e'nt of Environmental Protection
                       SDWA            Safe Drinking Water Act
                       SFWMD -         South Florida Water Management District
                       SOR             Save Our Rivers
                       SRF             State Revolving Fund




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                                                           Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program
                                                 Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
                                                                                      




                                   Strategic Regional Policy Plan
                   SRPP
                   SWAMP           Surface Water Assessment and Monitoring Program
                   SWD             Southwest District, Florida Department of Environmental.
                                   Protection
                   SWFRPC          Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council
                   SWFWMD          Southwest- Florida Water Management District
                   swim            Surface Water- -Improvement and Management
                   SWMMP           Surface Water Management Master Plan.
                   SWUCA           Southern Water Use Caution Area
                   SwUP.           Stormwater Utility Program
                   TAC             Technical Advisory Committee
                   TBNEP          Tampa Bay NEP
                   TBRPC           Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council
                   TDS             Total Dissolved Solids
                   TEA21           Transportatlon Equity Act for the 21st Century
                   TIITF           The Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund   
                   TKN             Total Kjedahl Nitrogen
                   TMDL            Total Maximum Daily Load
                   TSI             Trophic State Index
                   TSS             Total Suspended Solids
                   UIC             Underground Injection Control
                   UEP             Utility Expansion Program
                   UPREPC          Upper Peace River Ecosystem Planning Committee
                   USC             :United States Code
                   USCG            United States Coast Guard
                   USDA            United States Department of Agriculture
                   USFWS           United States Fish and Wildlife Service
                   USGS            United States Geologic Survey
                   UST            Underground Storage Tank
                   VSR            Volunteer Scientific Research
                   WCIND           West Coast Inland Navigation District
                   WCS             Water Control Structure
                   WET             Water Efficient Toilet
                   WICP            Water Information Coordination Program
                   WMD             Water Management District
                   WQ              Water Quality Degradation
                   WRM             Wetlands Resource Management
                   WRP             Wetland Reserve Program
                   WUP             Water Use Permit
                   WWTP            Waste Water Treatment Plant




                                                                                                       
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                         Ox-all GompreSegarve Conjeroafiv@n and'Arana
                                                                    yemeni





















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                                  char'otte. Harbor National Estuary                            ogram
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