[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]



























                                FECAL COLIFORM LOADING TO LAKE ERIE
                                    FROM FOUR TRIBUTARY STREAMS
                                            PREPARED BY
                                 ERIE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
                                           DECEMBER1994












                     FECAL COLIFORM LOADING TO LAKE ERIE


                            FROM FOUR TRIBUTARY STREAMS





                                                   Prepared by

                                       Erie County Department of Health

                                                 December 1994






                                                        Of


                                                            L- Ga@r, Lw
                                               -Zon



            The preparation of this report was financed in part through the Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management
            Program under provisions of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, administered by the Division of
            Coastal Zone Management, Bureau of Water Resources Management, Pennsylvania Department of
            Environmental Resources.





            DER File No. CZ1:93.09 PS


            ME No. 93430









            PENNSYLVANIA


                                                                                                  COOP










                                                                 Table of Contents

                                                                                                                         Page

                 Abstract

                 Purpose    ........................................................................................................................I

                 Background      ................  ............................................................................................2

                 Introduction     .................................................................................................................3


                 Pre-Rain Event Sampling         ..............................................................................................5

                 Post-Rain Event Sampling          ............................................................................................6

                 Procedures     ...................................................................................................................7


                 Pollutant Loading By Streams           ...................................................................................... 13

                 Correlation of Fecal Coliform Loading to Lake Erie and Presque Isle Bathing Beach
                 Closures    ....................................................................................................................... 37


                 Findings and Discussion         ............................................................................................... 38

                 Conclusions    .................................................................................................................. 40,


                 Appendix A - Local Climatological Data - Monthly Summary for June, July and August; National
                 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North
                 Carolina


                 Appendix B - Presque Isle State Park Beach Closing Record Due to Bacteria







 40           Abstract


                     A three-month study of fecal coliform loading to Lake Erie from four tributary streams

              just west from Pennsylvania's Presque Isle State Park was conducted during the late spring and

              summer of 1994. The study examined potential sources of contamination of Lake Erie and

              possible effects on Presque Isle State Park's bathing beaches.

                     Baseline ambient dry weather concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria, stream water

              volume, selected chemicals associated with sewage, temperature and turbidity were measured and

              compared with post-rain concentrations of the same parameters in each stream. Eight

              precipitation events that occurred during the study period were evaluated. These precipitation

              events ranged from light rain to severe thunderstorms.

                     Lake Erie water adjacent to the mouth of three of the streams was sampled throughout the

              summer for fecal coliform bacteria, turbidity and temperature.

                     The results of this study revealed there is an increased fecal coliform bacteria loading to

              Lake Erie from the four tributary streams during rain events. The concentrations of fecal coliform

              are related to the amount of precipitation and stream volume. This study found no conclusive

              evidence that increased fecal coliform loading is the result of domestic sewage discharges. There

              is also no direct evidence from the results of available data that fecal coliform loading fi7om these

              streams is the sole cause of bathing beach closings at Presque Isle State Park. However, fecal

              coliform loading fi7om these four streams could be a contributing factor to bathing closures at

              Presque Isle State Park. Other possible causes of bathing beach closings were not evaluated

              during the course of this study.









             Acknowledgments


                    This report was prepared by the Erie County Department of Health (ECHD) of Erie,

             Pennsylvania, in conjunction with Gannon University Science Department. Principal authors are

             Joseph Vogel, Suzanne Zurad and Robert Wellington of the ECHD and David Gustafson of

             Gannon University.

                     The following agencies provided assistance with this study:

                            Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Laboratories,
                            Erie Laboratory, for funding the analysis of duplicate samples and technical
                            assistance.


                            Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Coastal Zone
                            Management, for partial funding for the project.

                            Gannon University Science Department for field collection and laboratory analysis
                            of samples and data preparation.

                     A special thanks to Christine Sanfratello for typing this report.










              Purgose

                     Periodically following storm events, certain public beaches at Presque Isle State Park are

              closed because of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria. Beach #1, nearest to the four streams to

              the west, seemed to be particularly affected by storm events.

                     The purpose of this study was to examine streams as possible sources of water

              contamination which may affect the quality of the water in Lake Erie adjacent to Presque Isle

              beaches. Because the Lake Erie current and predominant wind direction are from the west, four

              small Lake Erie tributary streams immediately west of Presque Isle were sampled to determine

              fecal coliform and selected chemical loading to Lake Erie and the possible effects on Presque Isle

              beaches.








              BacKground

                      Presque Isle State Park is a sandy peninsula jutting seven miles into Lake Erie off Erie,

              Pennsylvania that attracts close to four million visitors every year. There are 12 bathing beaches

              on the lake side of Presque Isle State Park that are permitted by the Pennsylvania Department of

              Environmental Resources. The near shore bacteriological quality in this area of Lake Erie

              normally is well within permissible concentrations, however, Presque Isle has experienced

              occasional beach closings due to excessive fecal coliform. bacteria concentrations. A recently-
              conducted, three-year Coastal Zone Management-funded studyl of fecal coliform contamination

              of the bathing beaches concluded that most incidents were the result of complex interactions of

              natural biological factors that may be exacerbated by bacteria and nutrients introduced by

              non-point source pollution. Limited stream sampling conducted over the past few years by the

              Erie County Department of Health indicated that storm water discharges in the four target

              streams sometimes contained high levels of fecal coliform bacteria. This study was conducted in

              an attempt to better understand what concentrations of contaminants were present in stream

              water during both dry weather and rainy periods and the resulting contaminant loading to Lake

              Erie.
















                      1. Presque Isle State Park Bathing Beach Contamination Study, years 1989, 1990, 1991,
              funded through the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Water
              Resources Management, Division of Coastal Zone Management and prepared by the Erie County
              Department of Health.




                                                                2










              Introduction

                     Four Lake Erie tributary streams located in Nfillcreek Township immediately west of

              Presque Isle State Park (see figure 1) were sampled during June, July and August 1994 to

              determine contaminant loading to Lake Erie. The streams were sampled prior to wet weather

              events and again after the start of measurable precipitation during the "first flush" of storm water

              into the lake. Each stream was sampled at the mouth and, in several cases, upstream to determine

              possible sources of contaminant loading. Lake Erie sampling was conducted approximately

              100 ft. east and west of the mouths of three streams throughout the summer.

                     Fecal coliform samples were taken during every sampling event. All sampling events at
              stream mouths also included pre-rainfall chemical parameters, as well as flow in ft.3/sec. and

              instream temperatures. Upstream sampling events included pre-rain and post-rain measurements

              for flow and temperature. Lake Erie sampling events included pre-rain and post-rain

              measurements of turbidity and in-lake temperatures.

                     The Erie County Department of Health hired Gannon University (Contractor) to conduct

              the field sampling and laboratory analysis phase of the project. Gannon University assigned a

              biology professor to oversee the student field workers and laboratory work. Erie County

              Department of Health staff and Gannon University personnel conducted a preliminary on-site

              investigation of the four streams to determine suitable sampling locations that would be accessible

              throughout the study.

                     The four target streams were characterized by their contributory land use and particular

              sampling suitability.














                                                             3



                                                                                           FIG* 1

                                 SWANVILLE         .:.QUAD    RANGLE.
                                   '004                       R
                                                                                                                                 19
                            s7 5   MIkjtes* E RIES Q              OR

                                                                                                                   24                   WIALRAMr&ER
                                                                                                                                         /13
                                                                                                                                           CRE EK



                                                                                                                        13
                                                                                                                                  Waidameer
                                                    VL                                                               .. MARS            P A

                                                                                                                     9


                                                                                                       SHOREHAVEN          3
                                                                                                            GREEK





                  APPROXIMATE MEAN LAKE ELEVATION 571

















      20




                 WILKINS
                     RUN




                                                                 faojk
                                                                                              E    INTERNAT109@A@L,
                                                                       LE
                                                                IE!qo

































                                                                                                                                                  .00

                                                                                                                                           %


       r\p








              Pre-Rain Event Samp "n

                      Fecal coliform samples were taken at the mouth of each stream, except Wilkins Run,

              during normal dry weather flows to determine ambient pollutant loading to the lake. All samples

              taken at the mouth of each stream throughout the study were upstream from any influence of lake
              water. Stream flow in ft.3/sec. and instream temperatures were recorded. Chemical samples for

              alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrates, pH, total phosphates and turbidity were also

              collected. This information provided a normal flow baseline for comparison with elevated flow

              conditions.

                      Throughout the entire study Wilkins Run was sampled approximately four-tenths (4) mile

              upstream of the mouth.

                      A total of 54 fecal coliform samples, 27 turbidity and 25 temperature measurements were

              made in Lake Erie immediately adjacent to the mouth of each stream, except Wilkins Run,

              throughout the summer. These samples were taken during normal stream flow conditions to

              provide baseline data for lake loading under dry weather conditions. One-half of these samples

              were taken 100 ft. east of the stream mouth, and one-half of the samples were taken west of the

              stream mouth. All samples were taken approximately 12 in. below the surface in 3 ft. deep water.
                      Historical data and previous studiesl have established that fecal coliform bacteria is

              naturally present in Lake Erie and that there are contributing sources other than the tributary

              streams. This study did not factor in ambient coliform levels that exist and naturally occurring

              variations generated during high wave activity.

                      Pre-rain, normal flow samples were taken upstream of the mouth on Marshall Run to

              evaluate pollutant loading from main tributaries. Upstream samples were also collected on

              Shorehaven Run to evaluate possible sewage lift station overflows. These samples were




                      1. Presque Isle State Park Bathing Beach Contamination Study, years 1989, 1990, 1991,
              funded through the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Water
              Resources Management, Division of Coastal Zone Management and prepared by the Erie County
              Department of Health.


                                                                5










              evaluated for fecal coliform bacteria, flow in ft.3/sec. and stream temperature. This information

              provided a normal flow comparison with downstream sample results and a baseline for

              comparison with elevated flow conditions. Upstream results were compared with downstream

              results from the same sampling dates.



              Post-Rain Event Samgfing

                     Eight post-rain, Lake Erie pollutant loading evaluations were conducted during June, July

              and August. Fecal coliform samples were taken at the mouths of Waldameer, Shorehaven and

              Marshall Runs (as noted in the pre-rain section). Wilkins Run continued to be sampled
              four-tenths of a mile upstream of the mouth. Stream flow in ft.3/sec and instrearn temperatures

              were recorded for comparison with baselined data obtained during normal flow conditions.

                     Chemical samples for alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrates, pH, total phosphate

              and turbidity were collected. Elevated levels of any of these parameters might indicate if there

              was domestic sewage was entering the stream.

                     Lake Erie was also sampled during the eight post-rain events to determine post-rain

              pollutant loading effects immediately adjacent to Waldameer, Shorehaven and Marshall Run

              stream mouths. Fecal coliform samples, turbidity and temperature measurements were obtained

              approximately 100 ft. east and west of the streams in approximately 3 ft. of water. This data
              indicated the direction that stream 'water might take when it reached the lake during a given

              sampling event.

                     Upstream locations on Marshall Run and Shorehaven Run were sampled for fecal coliform
              bacteria, stream flow in ft.3/sec. and instream temperature, as during pre-rain sampling. This data

              could be useful in the future to determine possible sources of instream pollutants. This data was

              compared with downstream data in an attempt to identify any obvious source of wet-weather

              pollutant loading.




                                                             6










              Procedures

                     All field work and laboratory analysis for this study were conducted by Gannon University

              through a contract with the Erie County Department of Health. Gannon University, as

              contractor, agreed to collect, store, prepare and analyze all samples using procedures specified in

              Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or an approved EPA method or

              the equivalent.

                     Samples were collected prior to the start of predicted rain events, with follow-up samples

              collected during or after rain events.

                     Chemical and bacteriological samples were collected at the specified stream sites. Sterile

              bottles were used for the bacteriological samples. Temperature readings of the stream water were

              recorded, and stream flow at the sampling point calculated. Stream flow was calculated from

              measurements of stream depth and width at the sampling point, together with the rate of flow.

                     Lake samples were collected approximately 100 feet east and west of the mouths of

              Waldameer Run, Shorehaven Run and Marshall Run. Bacteriological and turbidity samples were

              collected at waist depth during lake sampling events. Temperature readings were recorded and

              wind directions and wave heights were estimated and recorded during lake sampling events.

                     Dissolved oxygen analyses were conducted in the field. Samples were returned to the

              Gannon laboratory for analysis of all other parameters.

                     Bacteriological samples were analyzed for fecal coliform using the membrane filtration

              method. Other parameters were analyzed with a Hach DR2000 unit.

                     Split samples were collected on August 15, 1994 for fecal coliform analyses. The second

              set of samples was analyzed by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources

              Laboratory in Erie. Results (Table 1) indicate close correlation between the two laboratories.










                                                             7











                                                    TABLE 1



                                             Fecal Coliforms/100 ml


                                                    Gannon Lab                    DER Lab


             Waldameer Run                              1,100                       1,000

             Marshall Run                               3,800                       4,000

             Marshall Run - East Branch                 2,000                       2,000

             Marshall Run - West Branch                 2,750                       3,000

             Shorehaven Run                             6,400                       7,000

             Shorehaven Run - Upstream                  1,100                       1,000

             Wilkins Run                                3,900                       4,000






                                                     TABLE 2



                                         Pre-Rain Fecal Coliform Levels

                                                 (colonies/100 ml)

                               Waldameer Run Shorehaven Run           Marshall Run      Wilkins Run

             Range               108-2,600           50-1,080          160-1,650         78-600

             Arithmetic Mean        1,214               329               439               318

             Median                 1,000               220               350               270

             Geometric Mean          839                219               342               259











              WaIdameer Run

                      The mouth of Waldameer Run is approximately 0.25 miles southwest from Beach I West

              Extension, which is the western-most public bathing beach at Presque Isle State Park (see

              Figure 1). Waldameer Run is a small stream that has a rather limited watershed in a suburban

              area. Part of the headwaters are tubed and flow through or along populated areas, and there are

              springs and seeps on and along the steep lake bank that feed into this stream. Within the

              watershed an amusement park exists on a lake bluff, and at the bottom of the lake bluff there is a

              lakeside campground through which the stream flows. Previous inspections of the watershed

              have not located sanitary sewer pipes or lift stations that would influence the bacteriological

              quality of the stream.

                      The contractor collected 12 pre and 15 post-rain bacteriological samples at the stream

              mouth, as well as 9 pre and 8 post rain chemical samples. The contractor also made 14 pre-rain

              and post-rain measurements for stream flow and temperature.

                      In addition, the contractor collected 18 pre-rain and 14 post-rain bacteriological samples

              in Lake Erie approximately 100 ft. east and west of the mouth of Waldameer Run. The

              contractor also made 18 pre-rain and 14 post-rain measurements for temperature and turbidity.



              Marshall Run

                      The mouth of Marshall Run is located approximately one shoreline mile southwest from

              Presque Isle State Parles Beach #1 West Extension (see Figure 1). The Marshall Run watershed

              is located within a rather densely populated suburban area, and much of its upper headwaters now

              flow through storm drains which are no longer readily discernible as tributary streams. In many

              areas there are no indications of the former stream bed. Storm water catch basins along some

              roadways lead to the "buried" branches of the'stream.

                      North of Route 20 there are some areas where the creek flows through open channels-.

              The east branch flows along a railroad track and through a Superfund dump site. This branch

              presently receives a temporary increase in its volume from a ground water cleanup operation. The



                                                                9









              cleanup consists of pumping ground water, treating the water and discharging treated ground

              water to the stream. The stream north of West 12th Street flows through residential areas and

              then under Calvary Cemetery.

                      The west branch starts near the south side of the Erie International Airport and is joined in

              underground pipes by another small tributary near 14th Street and Linden Avenue. This water

              flows underground and emerges at a point just east from Marshall Drive at I Oth Street, where it

              joins the east branch of Marshall Run below Calvary Cemetery. From here the stream flows in a

              rather steeply eroded valley to its confluence with Lake Erie.

                      There are no known sewage discharges from lift stations located on Marshall Run.

              Rainbow trout have been seen in recent years in this stream near its mouth, and generally the

              stream near the mouth looks very clean during low flow conditions. There are cottages near the

              mouth of the stream along Lake Erie.

                      The contractor collected 12 pre-rain and 14 post-rain bacteriological samples at the stream

              mouth, as well as 8 pre-rain and 8 post-rain chemical samples and 13 pre-rain and 15 post-rain

              measurements for flow and temperature.

                      In addition, the contractor collected 18 pre-rain and 14 post-rain bacteriological samples

              in Lake Erie in waist-deep water approximately 100 ft. east and west of the mouth of Marshall

              Run. The contractor also made 18 pre-rain and 14 post-rain measurements for temperature and

              turbidity.

                      Samples were taken at two points upstream for bacteriological analysis as well as flow and

              temperature measurements. One set of samples was taken on each of the two main stream

              branches before they merge. This information may be of use in the future to determine the source

              of storm water pollutant loading to the stream.









                                                                10












              Shorehaven Run

                      The mouth of Shorehaven Run is located about 1-1/2 miles southwest from Presque Isle

              State Park's Beach I West Extension (see Figure 1). Shorehaven Run consists of a rather small

              watershed, essentially located north of Route 5, where its headwaters are reported to start in an

              old spring house just west of Shorehaven Drive. The water flows through a series of "duck

              ponds" in peoples' yards, after which the stream's gradient increases dramatically and the stream

              quickly drops through a steep valley to Lake Erie.

                      Potential sources of fecal coliform bacteria on this watershed include ducks (both wild and

              domestic), as well as a Millcreek Township Sewer Authority lift station that has an emergency

              overflow pipe. During this project, Millcreek Township did not report any discharges from this

              lift station, however, in past years Millcreek Township did bypass raw sewage during times of

              very heavy precipitation.

                      The contractor collected 12 pre-rain and 14 post-rain bacteriological samples at the stream

              mouth, as well as 9 pre-rain and 8 post-rain chemical samples and 13 pre-rain and 15 post-rain

              measurements for flow and temperature.

                      In addition, the contractor collected 18 pre-rain and 14 post-rain bacteriological samples

              in Lake Erie 100 ft. east and west of the mouth of the stream and 18 pre-rain and 14 post-rain

              event measurements for temperature and turbidity.

                      The contractor also collected 13 pre-rain and 15 post-rain samples upstream of the

              Nfillcreek Township Sewer Authority sewage lift station. The contractor simultaneously made

              14 pre-rain and 16 post-rain measurements for flow and temperature. This data may be useful in

              future determinations of pollutant loading to the stream.




              Wilkins Run

                      The mouth of Wilkins Run is approximately 3.1 shoreline miles southwest of Beach I at.

              Presque Isle State Park (see Figure 1).










                     Wilkins Run is a medium-sized stream, about the size of Marshall Run, which flows

              through the least residentially developed area of any of the four streams evaluated during this

              study. Its main branch starts southeast of the Erie International Airport and runs under the main

              airport taxiways, where it joins another branch that flows more or less parallel to Asbury Road.

              The two branches are tubed and merge under Pa. Route 5. There are two other small tributaries

              that feed into the stream along with natural springs and seeps.

                     Prior sampling by our Department indicates that this stream is somewhat degraded north

              of Route 5. The stream receives a considerable amount of what we believe is naturally occurring

              iron from a storm water drain located beneath Route 5. It has also received runoff from the Erie

              International Airport and surrounding area.

                     There are two sewage lift stations north of Route 5 that are owned and maintained by the

              Millcreek Township Sewer Authority. There is the potential for one or both of these stations to

              bypass raw sewage, however, these are relatively new stations and the Erie County Department of

              Health has recorded any recent sewage bypassing to Wilkins Run. There are no known chronic

              point sources of fecal coliform discharge on this stream. Most of Wilkins Run south of Route 5 is

              tubed.

                     Rainbow trout and coho salmon' have migrated up this steam in past years when stream

              flows were high.

                     The mouth of Wilkins Run could not be used as a sampling point because it is located on

              geographically inaccessible and privately held property. The closest accessible stream sampling

              point is located four-tenths of a mile south of the mouth of the stream. There are no known

              discha@ges or tributaries between this point and the lake, so its water quality is considered

              essentially identical to the mouth of the stream.

                     The contractor collected 13 pre-rain samples and 15 post-rain samples during the study, as

              well as 14 pre-rain and 16 post-rain measurements for stream flow and temperature.





                                                             12









              Pollutant Loading By Streams


                     Fecal coliform bacteria sample results, chemical parameters and stream flows were

              chartered for each stream and the data analyzed for normal flow and high flow coliform loading

              (see Table 2).

                     Fecal coliform bacteria sampling results are expressed in colonies per 100 milliliter
              (/100 ml) and stream flows are expressed in cubic feet per second (ft.3/sec.).

                     Since the focus of this project is fecal coliform loading to Lake Erie from four tributary

              streams, the data obtained from stream mouth samples warrants closest attention. Upstream

              sample data and lake water sample results were examined when needed to provide collaborative

              or explanatory information.

                     Throughout the study, pre-rain flow measurements were considered to represent normal

              flow volumes.




              WaIdameer Run
                     Waldameer Run had the smallest average (1.25 ft.3/sec.) normal flow of the four streams
              sampled during this project. Pre-rain stream volumes ranged from 0.93 ft.3/sec to 1.25 ft.3/sec

              (see Table 3 and Figure 2).

                     This stream also had the highest average pre-rain fecal coliform levels of

              1,028 colonies/100 ml. The lowest recorded pre-rain measurement was 108/100 ml and the

              highest was 2,600 colonies/100 ml (see Table 2). Six pre-rain bacteriological samples were below

              the average and five were above the average. The sampling data indicates the pre-rain fecal

              coliform levels tended to increase through the sampling period. The highest pre-rain coliform

              levels occurred in July and early August.

                     Post-rain fecal coliform concentrations were higher than pre-rain levels early in the season.
              During July and early August post-rain fecal coliform concentrations actually decreased from

              pre-rain levels.



                                                             13







                                                                                                                       Flf@,ure 2


                                                               WALDAMEER RUN




                     to



                      9



        Volume        8
        of Flow
        (ft.%ec.)
                      7



         AL Before    6
            Rain


         0 After      5
            Rain


                      4



                      3



                      2                                                                                                     Fj
                         A-                                                 Arl
        Average Flow
                                                                                         D        Ea  A,           Ad

                      0
                                     c7N  O\  CN  C@   ON  C7\          a\  C\  ON   -j  -4  -.3  -4  -j  -j                        00  00  00
                             ON                                             iz;      -   i:@ --   i@      -    W   m                --
                             i@@
                                                  uj                        00               Uh       00                        t,.,W   u   Lh

                             >










                                                                                                  TABLE 3


                                                                              Waldameer Run - Mouth of Stream


            Date          Time             Fecal           Rate of Flow         Stream         Alkalinity     Diss. 02        NH3-N        N03-N          pH          Total P        Turbidity
                                     Coliform/100 ml         (ft.3/sec.)      Temp. (OC)         (mg/1)        (mg/1)         (mg/1)       (mg/1)                       (mg/1)         (FTU)

           6/6/94         09:43                                 1.49               18
           6/6/94         14:04                                 1.44               18
           6/9/94         11:35              240                1.44               13
           6/10/94        10:15              108                1.42               13
           6/11/94        11:00            3,000                1.53               13
           6/12/94        11:00              290                1.51               19
           6/13/94        10:40            5,900                1.34               19
           6/13/94        16:50           >6,000                5.60               17
           6/14/94        09:47            23,000               4.00               17
           6/21/94        11:35            1,000             -1.22                 19             185            8.0          0.38          0.30          7.7           0*.09            18.0
           6/23/94        11:50              700                2.48               18             188            11.0         1.00          0.80          7.7           0.14             11.0         Ln
           6/24/94        11:40            2,000                2.26               18             150            8.0          0.56                        7.6           0.27             39.0
           6/28/94        14:25            3,900                1.43               19             195            9.0          0.40          0.39          7.7           0.27             11.0
           6/29/94        11:45            6,700             -1.97                 18             190            9.0          0.47          0.30          7.8           0.17               8.0
           7/14/94        11:00            2,600                1.11               16             175            9.0          0.26          0.30          7.6           0.51             11.0
           7/22/94        11:05            2,500                1.01               19             290            10.0         0.29          0.90          7.6           0.29             14.0
           7/25/94        11:45            2,100                1.23               19             180            8.0          0.23          0.90          7.7           0.44             10.0
           7/26/94        13:30            2,200                0.81               17             195            8.0          0.22          0.40          7.7           1.02             16.0
           7/28/94        12:00            1,300                0.98               17             190            9.0          0.19          0.70          7.7           0.14             12.0
           7/30/94        10:20            1,200                0.89               18             190            9.0          0.21          0.60          7.6           0.22             10.0
           8/2/94         11:00            2,100                0.99               20             225            9.0          0.25          1.00          7.7           0.21               8.0
           8/4/94         11:55            2,000             -0.93                 18             190            9.0          0.15          0.50          7.6           0.17             13.0
           8/4/94         19:10            4,000                2.18               17             105            9.0          2.75                        7.8           1.58            461.0
           8/5/94         10:35            2,600                1.75               18             150            10.0         0.12          0.40          7.7           0.22             14.0
           8/12/94        10:55              920                1.41               17             210            9.0          0.25          0.10          7.8           0.11             16.0
           8/13/94        10:15           >2,000                7.19               19               85           9.0          1.41                        7.5           0.80            191.0
           8/14/94        10:30            2,300                2.59               18                                    1
           8/15/94    1   10:00            1,100                0.97               15
              not detectable










                                                                           TABLE 4

                                                          LAKE ERIE NEAR WALDAMEER RUN


                                                              East of Stream                                          West of Stream
             Date             Time        Lalce Temp. (oC)    Turbidity (FTU)        Fecal         Lake Temp. (OC)     Turbidity (FTLI)       Fecal
                                                                                Coliform/1 00 mi                                         Coliform/100 ml

           6/21/94            11:40               2C                  5.0             200                 21                 6.0                400

           6/23/94            11:50               2@3                10.0             220                 23                 6.0                120

           6/24/94            11:50               119                14.0            2,000                19                13.0              1,000

           6/28/94            14:35               20                  9.0             160                 20                17.0                200

           6/29/94            12:00               19                 11.0             600                 19                 8.0                140

           7/14/94            11:05               23                  7.0             220                 23                14.0                220

           7/22/94            11:10               25                  4.0             160                 25                 6.0                200

           7/25/94            11:50               25                 20.0             380                 25                22.0                480

           7/26/94            13:35               26                 37.0             110                 26                37.0                  90

           7/28/94            12:10               25                  3.0             330                 25                 4.0                460

           7/30/94            10:20               25                 16.0             200                 25                12.0                300

            8/2/94            11:00               24                 12.0             420                 24                10.0                210

            8/4/94            11:55               24                 11.0             320                 24                11.0                310

            8/4/94            19:10               25                 91.0            1,600                25                47.0              2,300
            8/5/94            10:35               24                 35.0             480                 24                35.0                860

           8/12/94            10:55               24                  3.0               40                24                 2.0                 40
           8/13/94            10:15                                                  2,400                                                    2,400










                                                                  TABLE 5


                                                Waldameer Run Post-Rain Samples

                  Date       Fegal Coliform/100 ml         Precipitation Stream Volume (ft.3/sec.)              Turbidity (FTU)*

                 6/11/94             3,000                      trace                     1.53

                 6/13/94             5,900                      2.68"                     1.34

                 6/13/94            >6,000                      2.68"                     5.60

                 6/14/94            23,000                      0.03"                     4.00

                 6/24/94             2,000                      0.88"                     2.26                         39.0

                 6/29/94             6,700                      1.47"                     1.97                            8.0

                 7/22/94             2,500                      0.001,                    1.01                         14.0

                 7/26/94             2,200                      0.03"                     0.81                         16.0

                 7/27/94             1,900                      0.111,

                 7/30/94             1,200                      0.03"                     0.89                         10.0

                 814/94              4,000                      1.68"                     2.18                         461.0

                 8/5/94              2,600                      0.101,                    1.75                         14.0

                 8113/94            >2,000                      3.12"                     7.19                         191.0

                 8/14/94             2,300                      0.79"                     2.59

                 8/15/94             1,100                      0.001,                    0.97

                 8/15/94             1,000                      0.001,

                 *Contractor reported all turbidity measurements in Formazin Turbidity Units (FTUs). One FTU
                 is equivalent to one NTU.













                                                                          17









                     Further studies and investigations of the drainage area will be needed to determine the

              reason for consistently high fecal coliform loading to the lake during normal flow periods.

                     Fecal coliform levels in Lake Erie east and west of Waldameer Run were above

              1,000 col.onies/100 ml on three occasions (see Table 4). All three high samples occurred during

              high flows caused by area thunderstorms. The June 24th samples showed the lake water east to

              the stream to have twice the fecal coliform concentration (2,000 colonies/100 ml) than the lake

              water west of the stream (1,000 per 100 ml), indicating a westerly flow of contaminants. NOAA

              weather data records a north-easterly wind prevailed prior to the sampling, which would tend to

              move the coliform laden stream water entering Lake Erie towards the west, resulting in higher

              coliform counts west of the stream.

                     On August 4 a storm raised the stream flow and coliform loading to Lake Erie (see

              Tables 4 and 5). The lake water east of the stream mouth was 1,600 colonies/100 ml, and the

              lake water west of the stream was 2,300 colonies/100 ml, indicating a westerly flow of

              contaminant migration.

                     A similar storm on August 13 resulted in coliform bacteria counts to Lake Erie water

              which were identical (2,400 colonies/100 ml), both east and west of the stream mouth.

                     The elevated fecal coliform levels in the lake cannot be solely attributed to stream loading.

              Fecal coliform bacteria is indigenous to lake waters, and very high fecal coliform levels occur

              during periods of high waves.



              Shorehaven Run
                     Shorehaven Run had a normal average flow of 1.44 ft.3/sec. during the sampling period.
              These pre-rain stream volumes ranged from a low of 0.26 ft.3/sec. to a high of 1.52 ft.3/sec. (see

              Figure 4).

                     This stream had the lowest average, normal flow fecal coliform concentration of

              291 colonies/ 100 ml. The lowest pre-rain concentration was 74 colonies/ 100 MI, and the highest

              was 1,080 colonies/100 ml (Table 2). The count of 1,080 colonies/100 ml that occurred on


                                                              18









              June 21 could not be explained because only 0. 0 1 inch of rain occurred 13 hours prior to the

              sample. The sample was considered a pre-rain sample, however, and was included in the normal

              flow fecal coliform calculations. The stream flow volume on June 21 was characteristic of normal

              flows.

                     Eight of the pre-rain fecal coliform concentrations were below the average of

              291 colonies/100 ml and two were above the average. The June 21 count of 1,080 colonies

              skewed the average which would have been 219 colonies/100 ml without the June 21 count.

                     Post-rain fecal coliform levels tended to increase in proportion to the amount of rain and

              corresponding increase in stream volume (see Tables 6 and 9). A heavy rain of June 13 resulted

              in an increase of fecal colifonn concentrations from 80 colonies/100 ml to greater than

              6,000 colonies/100 ml. An additional sample taken seven hours later showed a drop to

              600 colonies/100 ml but an overnight rain raised the concentration to 21,000 colonies/100 ml on

              June 14.

                     A similar storm on June 23 resulted in fecal coliform concentrations of

              2,000 colonies/100 ml. The storm of August 4 resulted in a fecal coliform concentration increase

              from 200 colonies/100 ml to 2,000 colonies/100 nil. Another series of storm fronts that passed
              through the area on August 14 resulted in fecal coliform concentrations of 6,400 colonies/ 100 ml.

                     Fecal coliform samples collected upstream of the mouth during pre-rain normal flows and

              post-rain high flows exhibited similar concentrations with several exceptions (see Table 7). The

              post-rain upstream samples taken June 13 and June 29 were substantially higher than the stream

              mouth samples and, conversely, the post-rain upstream samples taken June 29, August 4 and

              August 15 were substantially lower than the stream mouth samples.

                     Fecal coliform levels in Lake Erie were less than 1,000/100 ml during all pre-rain samples

              and all but one post rain sample (see Table 8). The July 14 Lake Erie sample east of the mouth

              was 2,200 colonies/100 ml, and the sample west of the stream mouth was 2,400 colonies/100 ml.





                                                             19








                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fi,-urc 4

                                                                                                                                                   SHOREHAVEN RUN








                                                  2.6


                   Volume                         2.4
                   of Flow
                   (ft.3/SCC.)                    2.2

                                                  2.01


                            Before                1.8
                            Rain                         I
                                                  1.61
                      El After
                            Rain                  1.4


                                                  1.2

                                                  1.0              ti

                                                    .8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                U,
                   Average Flow                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 L

                                                    .4

                                                    .2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A


                                                  0                                                                                                ......
                                                         C@        C\        CN                                                                                                                                                                                00        00       00        00
                                                                                                                               W                                                00                                     LA        C@        00        0                                      Ch        t-j       "i
                                                                   >                                                                                                                                                                                                                        >
                                                                                                                               >         >                            >                                      >                   >                   >                             >                            >        >         >









                                                                                            TABLE 6

                                                                          Shorehaven Run - Mouth of Stream


           Date         Time             Fecal          Rate of Flow        Stream        Alkalinity    Diss. 02       NHYN         N03-N          pH         Total P       Turbidity
                                  Coliform/1 00 ml        (ft.3/sec.)     Temp. (OC)        (mg/1)        (mg/1)       (mg/1)       (mg/1)                      (mg/1)         (FTU)

           6/6/94       8:50                                 1.24              16
           6/6/94   1   13:30                                0.96              16
           6/9/94       10:30                                1.52              13
           6/10/94      9:00                 74              1.41              13
           6/11/94      9:42             4,000               2.29              15
           6/12/94      9:55                 80              1.12              16
           6/13/94      9:57            >6,000               0.74              18
           6/13/94      16:15              600               0.69              18
           6/14/94      8:53            21,000               1.66              17
           6/21/94      10:41            1,080               0.69              20            180           10.0         0.14         0.90          .7.7         0.36             7.5
                                                                                                                                                                                             1-4
           6/23/94      10:50              640               0.40              18            175           10.0         0.04         0.80          7.6          0.16             7.0         C4
           6/24/94      10:40            2,000               0.59              18            125           10.0         0.48                       7.7          0.32            77.0
           6/28/94      13:40              200               0.63              18            135            9.0         0.08                       7.7          0.27            22.0
           6/29/94      11:00              260               0.62              18            127           10.0         0.73                       7.8          0.44            125.0
           7/14/94      10:25              290               0.48              19            145           10.0         0.07         1.00          7.7          0.49             8.0
           7/22/94      10:00              500               0.70              20            150            9.0         0.30         0.40          7.7          0.11            10.0
           7/25/94      11:00              440               0.59              19            130            9.0         0.02         0.80          7.6          0.49             9.0
           7/26/94      12:30              250               0.39              19            140            9.0         0.34         0.34          7.6          0.21            23.0
           7/28/94      11:15                50              0.38              17            180           10.0         0.13         0.70          7.8          0.17             7.0
           7/30/94      9:45               200               0.61              20            195            9.0         0.04         0.80          7.7          0.21             6.0
           8/2/94       10:15              210               0.56              21            150            8.0         0.06         0.60          7.8          0.35             6.0
           8/4/94       11:10              200               0.40              18            150           10.0         0.03         0.80          7.8          0.20             6.0
           8/4/94       18:30            2,000               1.09              16            100            9.0         1.00         0.84          7.8          0.78            112.0
           8/5/94       9:45             1,000               1.29              19            110           10.0         0.49                       7.8          0.36            62.0
           8/12/94      10:20              230               0.26              18            160            9.0                      0.90          7.7          0.21             4.0
           8/13/94      9:40               520               1.68              19            145            9.0         1.30                       7.8          1.04           230.0
           8/14/94      10:30              800               2.54              18       1             1
           8/15/94 1    9:20             6,400               0.80              16
            not detectable










                                                                   TABLE 7

                                      Shorehaven Run - Upstream of Sewage Lift Station

                      Date               Time           Fecal Coliform/100 ml          Rate of Flow        Stream Temp. (C)
                                                                                         (ft.3/sec.)

                     6/6/94              8:50                                               2451                    18

                     6/6/94              13:10                                              1.87                    18

                     6/9/94              10:10                      82                      3.03                    14

                     6/10/94             8:30                       88                      2.83                    14,

                     6/11/94             10:14                     600                      2.85                    15

                     6/12/94             9:30                       60                      2.11                    18

                     6/13/94             9:44                   >6,000                      2.21                    18

                     6/13/94             16:05                  >6,000                      1.91                    19

                     6/14/94             9:08                   4,700                       5.17                    16

                     6/21/94             10:40                     660                      2.72                    20

                     6/23/94             10:15                     440                      1.34                    18

                     6/24/94             10:30                  1,300                       4.71                    18

                     6/28/94             13:25                     400                      4.15                    20

                     6/29/94             10:45                  1,200                       5.66                    18

                     7/14/94             10:15                     110                      2.93                    20

                     7/22/94             9:50                      720                      1.56                    21

                     7/25/94             10:45                     520                      0.93                    20

                     7/26/94             12:15                     640                      2.55                    18

                     7/28/94             11:00                      44                      2.29                    17

                     7/30/94             9:30                      200                      2.45                    20

                     8/2/94              10:10                     280                      2.87                    21

                     8/4/94              11:05                     240                      2.14                    18

                     8/4/94              18:20                     460                      3.48                    18

                     8/5/94              9:30                      400                      .2.26                   18

                     8/11/94             9:00                      920                      1.04                    18

                     8/11/94             15:00                     360                      1.63                    17

                     8/12/94             10:10                     220                      1.62                    18

                     8/13/94             9:15                      400                      5.29                    19

                     8/14/94             10:15                     810                      5.42                    18
                     8/15/94             9:15                   1,100                       2.91          1         17


                                                                           22










                                                                            TABLE8

                                                         LAKE ERIE NEAR SHOREHAVEN RUN


                                                             East of Stream                                           West of Stream
            Date              Time        Lake Temp. (oC)     Turbidity (FTU)        Fecal         Lake Temp. (oC)     Turbidity (FTU)        Fecal
                                                                                Coliform/1 00 ml                                         Coliform/1 00 ml

           6/21/94            10:42              20                  4.2             11000                20                 3.2              2,000
           6/23/94            11:05              24                  4.0              200                 24                 5.0              <100
           6/24/94            10:50              20                 13.0              400                 24                25.0              2,000
           6/28/94            13:50              20                 11.0             <100                 20                 6.0              <100
           6/29/94            11:10              19                 15.0              280                 19                15.0              2,100
           7/14/94            10:30              23                 20.0             2,200                23                15.0              2,400
           7/22/94            10:05              25                 18.0              400                 25                 4.0                210

           7/25/94            11:05              25                 19.0             <100                 25                19.0              <100
           7/26/94            12:35              27                 26.0              100                 26                31.0                100

           7/28/94            11:20              29                  5.0             <100                 27                 5@O              <100

           7/30/94            9:45               24                 17.0              230                 24                23.0                260

           8/2/94             10:15              24                 11.0              210                 24                11.0                300
           8/4/94             11:20              24                 11.0              220                 24                10.0                460
           8/4/94             18:30              25                 67.0              400                 25                74.0                800

           8/5/94             9:45               25                 59.0              400                 25                60.0                360
           8/12/94            10:20              25                  6.0                30                25                 3.0                300

           8/13/94            9:40                                                    168                                                       620










                                                                   TABLE 9


                                                Shorehaven Run Post-Rain Samples

                  Date       Fecal Coliform/lffl ml         Precipitation Stream Volume (ft.3/sec.@ Turbidity CEIW

                 6/11/94             4,000                      trace                      2.29

                 6/13/94            >6,000                      2.68"                      0.74

                 6/13/94               600                      2.68"                      0.69

                 6/14/94            21,000                      0.03"                      1.66

                 6/24/94             2,000                      0.881,                     0.59                       77.0

                 6/29/94               260                      1.47"                      0.62                       125.0

                 7/22/94               500                      0.001,                     0.70                       10.0.

                 7/26/94               250                      0.03"                      0.39                       23.0

                 7/27/94               210                      0.1111

                 7/30/94               200                      0.03"                      0.61                          6.0

                   8/4/94            2,000                      1.68"                      1.09                       112.0

                   8/5/94            1,000                      0.101,                     1.29                       62.0

                 8/13/94               520                      3.1201                     1.68                       230.0

                 8/14/94               800                      0.79"                      2.54

                 8/15/94             6,400                      0.001,                     0.80

                 8/15/94             7,000                      0.001,
















                                                                           24









              There was no measurable rain for three days prior to sampling on July 14, nor were there

              unusually high winds recorded by NOAA prior to sampling. The stream samples were

              290 colonies/ 100 ml at the mouth and I 10 colonies/ 100 ml upstream.



              Marshall Run
                     Marshall Run had the highest average (7.02 ft. 3/sec.) normal flow of the four streams
              sampled during this project. Pre-rain stream volumes ranged from 3.78 ft.3/n-@in. to 14.56 ft.3/sec.

              (see Figure 3).

                     The normal flow fecal coliform average was 289 colonies/100 ml, with the highest pre-rain

              concentration of 480 colonies per 100 and the lowest at 144 colonies/100 n-A (see Table 2). The

              June 9, 1994 concentration of 1,650 colonies/100 n-d was not included in the calculation. There

              was no rain prior to the June 9 sample; it was the first one taken as part of this study with no prior

              sampling correlation and its level was inconsistent with known ambient levels.

                     Four pre-rain fecal coliform concentrations were below the average of

              28 9 colonies/ 100 ml and six were above the average. The sampling data indicated the normal

              flow fecal coliform concentrations were consistently below 500 colonies/100 ml throughout the


              summer.

                     Post-rain fecal coliform levels tended to increase in proportion to the amount of rain and

              corresponding increase in stream volume (see Tables 10 and 14). Marshall Run receives storm

              water from its urbanized drainage basin and flows tend to rise and fall rapidly. A heavy,

              prolonged rain on June 13 raised fecal coliform concentrations to 20,000 colonies/100 ml. Less

              severe storms on June 24 and June 29 resulted in fecal coliform concentrations of 200

              colonies/100 ml and 4,600 colonies/100 ml, respectively. A particularly heavy rainfall on August

              4 resulted in fecal concentrations of 34,000/100 ml. Rain on August 13 resulted in a stream fecal

              coliform level of 5,200 colonies/100 ml. I-Egh instrearn concentrations were recorded on

              August 14 (2,000 colonies/100 ml) and August 15 (4,000 colonies/100 n-fl).




                                                             25









                                                                                                                                                         MARSHALL RUN




                                                200



                                                180



                     Volume                     160
                     of Flow
                     (ft. 3/SeC.)               140


                               Before           120
                               Rain

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  C-4
                          13   After            100
                               Rain               80

                                                  60



                                                  40




                                                  20
                     Average Flow                                                                                                                                                                    A         Q
                                                                                                                                                             44                                                                                                                                                     ------
                                                    0
                                                                                                  C@        ON        Os        CN        C7%       C7,      C\        C@        cl@       a,       -1                                                                                                         Oc        00       coo
                                                           a%        C@        aN                                                                                                                                                                              00        00        00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I-j       tIj
                                                                                                                                                                                                              IJ
                                                                                                                                                                       4-        Oo        ',0      4@                  Us        O\        010                                                                                   -J,
                                                                                                  >                             >         >                            >                                                W         >         W        >                             >        >                  >         >        >
                                                                     >









                                                                                                  TABLE 10

                                                                                 Marshall Run - Mouth of Stream


             Date          Time           Fecal          Rate of Flow        Stream          Air Temp.      Alkalinity Diss. 02           NH3-N        N03-N         pH        Total P Turbidity
                                    Col iforrn/l 00 ml     (ft.3/sec.)     Temp. (OC)             (OC)         (mg/1)        (mg/1)       (mg/1)        (mg/1)                   (mg/1)      (FTU)

             6/6/94        9:30                               7.73               16
             6/6/94   1    13:53                              10.48              16                                     1
             6/9/94        9:06           1,650               4.41               11               23
             6/10/94       9:30              144              4.41               11               18
             6/11/94       8:50           6,500               5.33               14
             6/12/94       10:30             310              3.78               15
             6/13/94       9:00              600              3.89               17
             6/13/94       15:25          >6000               4.18               18
             6/14/94       8:01           20,000              66.14              18
             6/21/94       9:15              440              14.56              18                              185         16.0         0.06          1.10         8.3         0.25          5.5
                                                                                                                                                                     7.9         0.34          5.0
             6123194       9:45              160              7.66               17               25             190         11.0         0.02          1.00
             6/24/94       9:30           2,000               64.56              17               20             125          8.0         1.19                       7.7         0.57        120.0
             6/28/94       12:35          2,000              20.03               17               19             187         11.0         0.28                       7.9         0.57          6.0
             6/29/94       9:55           4,600               64.21              18               25             118         10.0         0.50                       7.8         0.25          57.0
             7/14/94       9:35              480              12.40              17               20             215         10.0         0.05          1.00         7.8         0.12          4.0
             7/22/94       10:00             800              14.74              18               23             215          9.0         0.08          0.90         7.7         0.10          5.0
             7/25/94       9:55              440              7.52               18               23             180         10.0         0.04          1.90         7.8         0.18          10.0
             7/26/94       11:25             650              13.92              17
             7/28/94       10:05             420              7.95               17               22           -190          10.0         0.01          0.70         7.8         0.14          6.0
             7/30/94       9:00              500              12.71              18               23             160          9.0         0.04          0.90         7.8         0.08          9.0
             8/2/94        9:30              350              7.93               18               25             145         10.0         0.01          0.80         7.8         0.11          4.0
             814/94        10:25             200              8.04               16                              180         10.0         0.01          0.80         7.8         0.36          3.0
             8/4/94        17:45          34,000              151.69             18                                75         9.0         1.64                       7.4         0.95        215.0
             8/5/94        8:50           3,000               26.11              20                                80         9.0         0.25                       7.7         0.34          28.0
             8/12/94       9:40              230              4.81               16                              165         10.0         0.01          0.80         7.7         0.39          6.0
             8/13/94       9:05           5,200               5.24               18                              175         10.0         1.00                       7.7         0.01        159.0
             8/14/94       9:00           2,000               166.48             19
             8/15/94 1     8:45           4,000               31.32              16
               not detectable










                                                              TABLE 11

                                                   Marshall Run - East Branch


                    Date              Time          Fecal Coliform/100 ml         Rate of Flow      Stream Temp. (C)
                                                                                   (ft.3/sec.)
                    6/6/94            1:30                                            1.96                   14

                    6/6/94            9:22                                            2.52                   14

                    6/9/94            9:30                  1,800                     1.83                   10

                    6/10/94           7:30                  4,600                     1.99                   10

                    6/11/94           9:15                  5,500                     1.95                   15

                    6/12/94           8:00                    400                     1.62                   15

                    6/13/94           9:17                 >6,000                     2.52                   18

                    6/13/94           15:40                >6,000                     3.07                   17

                    6/14/94           8:05                 38,000                     10.85                  17

                    6/21/94           10:04                 1,320                     5.72                   17

                    6/23/94           10:15                 1,200                     3.46                   15

                    6/24/94           10:00                 2,000                     10.55                  1
   0                6/28/94           13:05                 5,800                     5.81                   17
                    6/29/94           10:20                 7,800                     10.34                  17

                    7/14/94           9:55                    700                     2.17                   15

                    7/22/94           9:25                  4,500                     2.71                   17

                    7/25/94           10:20                   480                     2.88                   18

                    7/26/94           10:30                   580                     3.08                   15

                    7/28/94           10:30                   200                     2.88                   17

                    7/30/94           9:20                  2,700                     3.65                   17

                    8/2/94            9:55                  2,000                     3.53                   18

                    8/4/94            10:45                   440                     2.75                   17

                    8/4/94            18:00                40,000                     33-84                  16

                    8/5/94            9:10                 10,000                     4.57                   18

                    8/11/94           8:30                    800                     3.80                   17

                    8/11/94           14:45                 1,200                     4.04                   16

                    8/12/94           9:55                    920                     3.63                   1

                    8/13/94           9:25                  2,000                     11.92                  20

                    8/14/94           9:14                  6,000                     70.69                  19

                    8/15/94           8:55                  2,000                     8.90                   16



                                                                     28










                                                               TABLE 12

                                                   Marshall Run - West Branch


                    Date               Time          Fecal Coliform/100 ml         Rate of Flow      Stream Temp. (C)
                                                                                    (ft.3/sec.)

                    6/6/94             7:30                                            1.58                   15

                    6/6/94             12:10                                           4.06                   15

                    6/9/94             9:56                  4,100                     2.39                   11

                    6/10/94            7:50                    220                     2.17                   11

                    6/11/94            9:24                  3,100                     2.70                   11

                    6/12/94            8:15                    120                     1.77                   12

                    6/13/94            9:27                >6,000                      2.53                   16

                    6/13/94            15:50               >6,000                      7.11                   18

                    6/14/94            8:36                20,000                      10.09                  18

                    6/21/94            10:10                 1,600                     5.08                   17

                    6/23/94            10:30                 1,000                     3.65                   15

                    6/24/94            10:10               >2,000                      17.26                  17

                    6/28/94            13:10                 3,400                     6.88                   18

                    6/29/94            10:35               >6,000                      11.00                  18

                    7/14/94            10:05                   630                     3.78                   16

                    7/22/94            9:30                    400                     3.43                   17

                    7/25/94            10:30                   420                     2.56                   18

                    7/26/94            12:05                 2,200                     2.42                   15

                    7/28/94            10:40                   550                     2.36                   17

                    7/30/94            9:25                  4,300                     3.29                   17

                    8/2/94             10:05                   260                     2.88                   17

                    8/4/94             10:45                   220                     2.00                   16

                    8/4/94             6:15                38,000                      24.72                  16

                    8/5/94             9:10                  6,000                     6.82                   19

                    8/11/94            8:30                  1,000                     1.94                   1

                    8/11/94            14:50                   400                     5.81                   16

                    8/12/94            9:55                    800                     1.95                   16

                    8/13/94            9:10                  2,000                     4.95                   18

                    8/14/94            9:38                  6,000                     68-14                  19

                    8/15/94            9:00                  3,000                     5.49                   16




                                                                      29










                                                                           TABLE 13

                                                            LAKE ERIE NEAR MARSHALL RUN


                                                               East of Stream                                          West of Stream
             Date              Time        Lake Temp. (oC)     Turbidity (FTU)          Fecal       Lake Temp. (OC)     Turbidity (FTU)         Fecal
                                                                                 Coliform/1 00 ml                                         Coliform/1 00 ml

            6/21/94            9:20               20                   5.3              400                20                 12.0               400

            6/23/94            9:45               22                   3.0              <100               22                  2.0               <100

            6/24/94            9:35               20                 13.0               800                19                 40.0             >2,000

            6/28/94            13:00              18                 14.0               400                18                 14.0               230

            6/29/94            10:30              19                 21.0            >2,000                19                 18.0             >2,000

            7/14/94            9:45               23                 14.0               280                23                 12.0               300
                                                                                                                                                             C)
            7/22/94            9:10               25                 17.0               700                25                 10.0               450         Cn

            7/25/94            10:00              25                 18.0               100                25                 16.0                 80

            7/26/94            11:30              27                 33.0                 80               27                 32.0               300

            7/28/94            10:10              24                   3.0                20               24                  3.0                 10

            7/30/94            9:00               24                 19.0               450                24                 19.0               600

            8/2/94             9:35               24                 19.0               200                24                 16.0               400

            8/4/94             10:30              24                   8.0              170                24                  7.0               <100
            8/4/94             17:45              25                 166.0           21,000                25                 83.0             20,000
            8/5/94             8:50               26                 60.0             2,000                26                 59.0              6,000
            8/12/94            9:40               23                   2.0              <100               23                  2.0               <100

            8/13/94                                                                     800                                                      810










                                                                  TABLE 14


                                                   Marshall Run Post-Rain Samples

                   Date       Fecal Coliform/100 ml         Precipitation Stream Volume Cft.3/sec.@ Turbidity

                 6/11/94             6,500                      trace                     5.33


                 6/13/94               600                      2.68"                     3.89


                 6/13/94            >6,000                      2.68"                     4.18

                 6/14/94            20,000                      0.03"                    66.14

                 6/24/94             2,000                      0.88"                    64-56                       120.0

                 6/29/94             4,600                      1.47"                    64.21                         57.0


                 7/22/94               800                      0.001,                   14.74                          5.0


                 7/26/94               650                      0.03"                    13.92


                 7/27/94               480                      0.111,


                 7/30/94               500                      0.03"                    12.71                          9.0


                  8/4/94            34,000                      1.68"                    151.69                      215.0


                  8/5/94             3,000                      0.101,                   26.11                         28.0


                 8/13/94             5,200                      3.12"                     5.24                       159.0

                 8/14194             2,000                      0.79"                   166.48

                 8/15/94             3,800                      0.001,                   31.32

                 8/15/94             4,000                      0.001,
















                                                                          31









                      Fecal coliform samples collected upstream of the mouth were generally higher than stream

              mouth sample results (see Tables I I and 12). It appears one branch may be contributing a

              disproportionately large amount of fecal coliform bacteria, and further studies are needed to

              determine the reason for this.

                      Fecal coliform levels in Lake Erie during normal stream flows were consistently below

              ambient stream concentrations. All fecal coliform concentrations in Lake Erie during normal

              stream flow conditions were 400 colonies/100 ml or less throughout the summer (see Table 13).

                      As expected, fecal coliform levels in Lake Erie east and west of the stream mouth were

              significantly higher during and immediately after rain events. The rain events of June 24 and 29

              directly corresponded to the two highest fecal coliform levels in the lake east and west of the

              stream mouth for that month. The severe storm of August 4 corresponded to the highest fecal

              coliform count in the lake east and west of the stream mouth for the summer. These elevated

              counts may also be caused by the fecal coliform bacteria that already exist in Lake Erie water.



              Wilkins Run
                      Wilkins Run had the second highest average (6.66 ft.3/sec.) flow of the four streams
              sampled during this project. Pre-rain stream volumes ranged from 5.56 ft.3/sec. to 9.44 ft.3/sec.,

              indicating the normal flow to be the most uniform of the four streams (see Figure 5).

                      The normal flow fecal coliform average was 3 3 8 colonies/ 100 ml, with the highest pre-rain

              concentration of 600 colonies per 100 n-d and the lowest of 75 colonies/100 nil. Six pre-rain fecal

              coliform samples exceeded the average and six coliform samples were less than the average.

              These pre-rain samples were also the most uniform and consistent of the four streams sampled

              (see Table 2).

                      Post-rain fecal coliform concentrations increased in proportion to the amount of rain and

              corresponding increase in stream flow from rain throughout the sampling period. The heavy rain of

              June 13 raised the level from 75 colonies/100 n-d to greater than 6,000 colonies/100 ml. The level

              rose to 26,000 colonies/100 n-d on June 14 (see Tables 15 and 16).


                                                               32










                     A storm on June 24 raised the levels from 280 colonies/100 ml to 1,300 colonies/100 ml

             and, again, a storm on June 29 raised the concentrations from 590 colonies/100 n-d to

             2,000 colonies/100 ml. A severe series of storms on August 13 and 14 raised the fecal coliform

             levels from 400 colonies/100 ml to 2,000 colonies/100 ml on August 13 and 14 and to

             3,900 colonies/100 ml on August 15.









































                                                            33







                                                                                                             WILKINS RUN                                                                                       5







            Yolume               120
             of Flow
             (ft.3/SCC.)         Ito

                                 100


               A Before           90
                    Rain
                                  80
                E3 Aflcr
                    Rain          70


                                  60


                                  50


                                  40


                                  30


                                  20
                                  10.                                                                                 A-




                                                                       01%                              01%          a,                                                                                          @,c    or    SOD
                                            a,                                                          -                                                                                    COD
                                                                                    0.-                                                                                   00    00     00
                                                                                                                                               U.            00
                                                                                                        W            00                                                                      I-A
                                                                                                                                                                                             >
                                                                >
                                                                                          Z:


                       0










                                                               TABLE 15


                                                             Wilkins Run


                    Date               Time          Fecal Coliform/100 ml         Rate of Flow      Stream Temp. (C)
                                                                                    (ft.3/sec.)

                    6/6/94             8:20                                            5.56                   15

                    6/6/94             12:30                                           6.99                   15

                    6/9/94             11:10                     78                    6.22                   11

                    6/10/94            8:00                    132                     6.38                   11

                    6/11/94            10:34                     72                    6.82                   13

                    6/12/94            9:00                      75                    6.92                   16

                    6/13/94            10:15                 1,000                     8.03                   15

                    6/13/94            15:45                >6,000                     10.28                  16

                    6/14/94            9:28                 26,000                     75.55                  18

                    6/21/94            11:15                   400                     7.84                   17

                    6/23/94            11:20                   280                     9.44                   15

                    6/24/94            11:15                 1,300                     13.48                  17

                    6/28/94            14:10                   590                     11-86                  17

                    6/29/94            11:00                 2,000                     13.64                  17

                    7/14/94            10:45                   520                     9.05                   15

                    7/22/94            10:25                   350                     7.17                   17

                    7/25/94            11:20                   220                     6.39                   15

                    7/26/94            13:00                   260                     7.81                   16

                    7/28/94            11:40                   600                     7.94                   16

                    7/30/94            11:00                   800                     7.35                   15

                    8/2/94             10:35                   260                     5.74                   18

                    8/4/94             11:35                   250                     6.77                   15

                    8/4/94             18:55                 2,200                     36.42                  16

                    8/5/94             10:05                 3,000                     16.74                  16

                    8/11/94            9:10                    600                     7.56                   16

                    8/11/94            15:15                 1,100                     9.12                   17

                    8/12/94            10:40                   400                     7.37                   15

                    8/13/94            10:00                 2,000                     30.75                  17

                    8/14/94            9:52                  2,000                     113.29                 19
                    8/15/94            9:45                  3,900            1        20.96                  16


                                                                      35










                                                                 TABLE 16


                                                   Wilkins Run Post-Rain Samples

                     Date             Fecal Coliform/100 ml              Precipitation         Stream Volume (ft.3/secj

                   6/11/94                         72                        trace                          6.82


                   6/13/94                    1,000                          2.68"                          8.03


                   6/13/94                    >6,000                         2.68"                         10.28

                   6/14/94                    26,000                         0.03"                         75.55

                   6/24/94                    1,300                          0.88"                         13.48


                   6/29/94                    2,000                          1.47"                         13.64


                   7/22/94                       350                         0.001,                         7.17


                   7/26/94                       210                         0.03"                          7.81


                   7/26/94.                      260                         0.03"


                   7/30/94                       800                         0.03"                          7.35


                    8/4/94                    2,200                          1.68"                         36.42

                    8/5/94                    3,000                          0.101,                        16.74

                   8/11/94                    1,100                          0.091,                         9.12


                   8/13/94                    2,000                          3.12"                         30.75

                   8/14/94                    2,000                          0.79"                         113.29

                   8/15/94                    3,900                          0.001,                        20.96

                   8/15/94                    4,000                          0.001,














                                                                          36








             Correlation of Fecal Coliform Loading to-Lake Erie and Presgue Isle Bathing Beach
             Closures

                     There were 16 beach closures on Presque Isle State Park during the 1994 bathing season,

             nine of which occurred in the vicinity of Beach I

                     Beach 2 was closed on June 21 for three hours, however, there had only been 0. 0 1 in. of

             rain for the preceding seven days. There had been westerly winds with peak gusts to 23 mph.

             Immediately preceding the closure on June 21. Other Presque Isle beaches had elevated bacteria

             counts on that date.

                     All nine closures in the Beach I area occurred on August 15 (four closures), August 16

             (three closures) and August 17 (two closures). A severe wind and rain storm hit the Erie area on

             August 13 and 14, when 3.91 inches of rain fell and westerly winds gusted to 49 mph. This

             corresponded with the last series of stream samples conducted as part of this project. The highest

             flows were recorded in all four streams on August 14. This increased volume, as well as

             significantly elevated instream. fecal coliform concentrations, resulted in a significant bacte rial

             loading to Lake Eric.

                     This high lake loading, coupled with the high westerly wind, corresponded with the high

             fecal coliform levels that closed Beach 1, Beach I East, Beach I West and Beach I West

             Extension on August 15. Beach 1, Beach I West and Beach I West Extension remained closed

             on August 16. Beach I and Beach I West remained closed until 1: 15 p.m. on August 17. No

             other, beaches, except Beach 11, were closed because of high bacteria counts during this period.

                     It is entirely possible the high fecal coliform loading to Lake Erie coupled with a strong

             westerly wind caused or contributed to the Beach I area closings on August 15, 16 and 17, 1994.












                                                            37









              Findings and Discussion

                     Fecal coliform. organisms in the streams and in Lake Erie increased following rain events.

              Changes in bacteriological quality in near-shore Lake Erie water in the vicinity of the stream's

              mouth were significant.

                     Of interest is Marshall Run, not only because of its high fecal coliform levels during rain

              events, but particularly because of its recorded high flows. For example, on August 4, 1994 the

              stream flow went from 8.04 CFS before a rain to 151.69 CFS after the rain. It is calculated that at

              1745 hours (5:45 p.m.) the flow was in excess of 98,000,000 GPD. We do not know precisely how

              long the high flow lasted, but on the morning of August 5, 1994 at 8:30 a.m. the flow was still

              26.11 CFS, or about 16.8 millions gallons per day. If the flow was at its peak at 5:45 p.m. and

              gradually dropped to 16.8 MGD by 8:30 a.m., a total of 14.75 hours,  approximately 35,000,000

              gallons of water were discharged to Lake Erie during the period from this one stream. The fecal

              coliform count in the steam during this event was 34,000 fecal coliforms/100 ml. Fortunately the

              wind during the event carried the plume to the west, away from Presque Isle State Park. Had the

              wind pushed the plum towards the park, the beaches at the Beach 91 area would have been

              adversely affected.

                     Not surprisingly the turbidity in Marshall Run closely, but not necessarily linearly, parallels

              the fecal coliform loadings. We note that every time the turbidity was in excess of 100 FTU, the

              fecal coliform counts were over 1,000 fecal coliforms/100 MI.

                     When the turbidities were high in Waldameer Creek, the fecal coliform counts were

              relatively high, but not as high as in Marshall Run. While this trend was also indicated in

              Shorehaven Creek at times, there were also times when the high turbidities did not predict the

              relatively low fecal coliform counts that were observed. There is no definitive reason why the

              high turbidity of 230 FTU in Shorehaven Run on August 14, 1994 occurred with a corresponding

              fecal coliform of 520 fecal coliforms/100 ml. It is speculated that because this is such a small

              watershed, fecal coliform bacteria in the watershed were quickly flushed out before the fecal

              coliform sampling took place. The high turbidity remaining may have reflected naturally



                                                             38









              occurring clays and silts that were scoured free from the stream bed. One other possibility is that

              there is more than storm water getting into Marshall Run. Based on experience in other areas, it

              is not inconceivable that a sanitary sewer line(s) somehow periodically overflows to the storm

              drain. Chemical data collected in Marshall Run on August 4, 1994 does show a significant

              increase over ambient concentrations in NH3-N, ammonia-nitrogen, which is an indication of fresh

              decaying matter, e.g., possibly sewage, as well as an increase in total phosphorus which can also

              be associated with sewage.

                      This study confirms our hypothesis that during heavy rains, fecal coliform levels in stream

              water can and do exceed 1,000 fecal coliforms/100 ml. Given the prevailing current directions

              (west to east) and sufficient flows (e.g., 98,000,000 GPD peak flow), there can be little doubt that

              nearby Presque Isle Park beaches could be affected.

                      On two of the tributary streams we are aware of potential sources for fecal coliform

              bacteria, such as overloaded pump stations, etc. However, no known sewer overflows occurred

              in the study area in 1994. The fecal coliform present in two of these streams during this study is

              likely from non-point sources, eg., dogs, cats, wild birds and animals, and due to regrowth and/or

              fragmentation of normally occurring colonies during storm events.

                      More attention is needed to define the exact nature of the sources of fecal coliform input

              to the streams, especially Waldameer Run, and to particularly look for any possible unpermitted

              sewage discharges.
















                                                               39










              conclusions

                     During normal stream flows the fecal coliform loading from Marshall Run, Shorehaven

              Run and Wilkins Run to Lake Erie appears to be within commonly found, naturally occurring

              concentrations, and there are no discernible, negative effects on Lake Erie. Waldameer Run,

              however, has unexplainable high concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria during normal stream

              flows that caused higher than average fecal coliform levels detected in the lake near the mouth of

              the stream.

                     During rain events that were of sufficient intensity to increase stream flows, fecal coliform

              levels generally rose in proportion to the increased volume. During prolonged heavy rains, the

              rise in volume was dramatic. Wilkins Run flow can exceed 73 mgd and the flow of Marshall Run

              can exceed 107 mgd. Based on this study we now know that high instream fecal coliform

              concentrations, coupled with high stream flows, are capable of discharging very high levels of

              fecal coliform bacteria to Lake Erie.

                     Further study would be needed to determine the origins of the bacteria found during high

              stream flows.

                     Based on this study and previous research and data, we feel that there is a definite

              correlation between high bacteria loading to Lake Erie during severe rain storms with strong

              westerly winds and Beach I area closures at Presque Isle State Park.



















                                                             40


















                                  Appendix A






          Local Climatological Data - Monthly Summary for June, July and
            August; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
              National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina











                              JUN 1994                                                                                                                                                                       ISSN # 0298-4500
                              ERIE, PA.
                              NAT'L WEA SER OFC NOAA                                                                                                                                                         A""'Al or cowr
                              ERIE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT                                                         LOCAL                                                                                           v
                              INQUIRIES/COMMENTS CALL
                              (704) 271-4800 VOICE CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA
                              271-4010 TDD/271-4876 FAX                                                MONTHLY SUMMARY                                                                                       %JAr S a
                              TERMINAL BLDG.

                              LATITUDE 42' 05'N LONGITUDE 80' ll'W                                               ELEVATION (GROUND)                     731 FEET                        TIME ZONE EASTERN                                        14860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 S
                                           TEMPERATURE             *F                 DSGR9Z DAYS      WEATHER TYPES SNOW/ PRECIPITATIO14             AvZRAr.E                 WIND                                   SUNSHINE                   CONER
                                                                                      BASS 65 *F       I FOI                        ICE (INCHES)      STATION                  (M.P. H.                                                          TENTHS
                                                                                                       2REAVY FOG                   ON E-             cn PRESSURZ        x              PEAK                 FASTEST
                                                                                                       3 THUNDERSTORMS              ,z                E-                                                                                         c-
                                                                                                       4 IC PELLETS                 RDwr4             (INCIIES                          GUST                 1-MIN               ca
                                                        ca           ra               0 a              5 MAIL                       AT                Hq)                                                                        .3
                                                                   0                    z                                           C4                Or                                                              ca
                                                                                                                                    >                 D4                                                              E.
                                                                                                       DOSTE                        0700Z             il. ELEV.                                                               @,n
                                                                                                       7STORK                                                            w
                                                                                                                 SE                                   'a 737             r4 (n
                                                                                                       SLOW, "'                     0-
                                                            ra          a               8              : , OR %(                                                                        a                    Tlr4k':g
                                                                        Q               u                                                             (FT.HSL)           a:    1                             4                                   z
                                                                                                                                                                                        to        a
                              4
                              1  2         3            4          5    6             7A 7B            8                            910   11          12                 13, 14 wl so   T1617                181      20        21               22 23
                              3                                                                                                                                          @ a


                              01 64        44           54         -8   45            11               0                            00.00 0.0         29.140             27 8.510.3     22        W          14 30                               5
                              02 60        44           52*  -11        42            13               0                            00.00 0.0         29.300             28 9.311.1     21        W          15-27                               43
                              03 66        45           56         -7   46            9                0                            00.00 0.0         29.380             27 2.3 6.2     13        NW         931                                 32
                              04 70        46           58         -5   44            7                0                            00.00 0.0         29.300             30 1.6 5.1     12        NW         933                                 42
                              05 80        50           65         1    45            0                0                            00.00 0.0         29.210             07 1.3 5.4     16        SE         10 16                               54


                              06 84        62           73         9    58            0                81 3      8                  00.11 0.0         28.980             22 9.512.0     30        SW         18 24                               a9
                              07 71        56           64         0    S6            1                01        8                  00.00 0.0         29.050             32 3.8 7.0     31        NE         17 05                               67
                              08 65        47           56         -9   45            9                0                            0T    0.0         29.230             04 11.3 13.2   29        NE         20 04                               55
                              09 70        44*          57         -8   42            8                0                            00.00 0.0         29.290             27 2.9 6.1     15        NW         12 30                               32
                              10 78        48           63         -2   47            2                0                            00.00 0.0         29.260             05 5.2 7.3     24        NE         15 04                               65
                 04           11 81        64           73         7    57            0                83        8                  0T    0.0         29.145             15 11.312.1    29        SE         16 16                               9a
                              12 81        62           72         6    58            0                7                            00.00 0.0         29.150             21 8.010.5     23        S          17 22                               44
                              13 83        64           74         8    63            0                913       8                  02.68 0.0         29.160             18 9.810.5     35        S          24 19                               98
                              14 81        67           74         8    66            0                913       8                  00.03 0.0         29.230             23 4.4 8.6     25        S          16 17                               8a
                              15 89        74           82         16   71            0                173       8                  00.00 0.0         29.360             22 3.3 7.6     15        NW         13 28                               66


                              16 88        75           82         15   71            0                171       a                  00.00 0.0         29.390             23 3.2 6.1     15        NW         12 30                               45
                              17 88        72           so         13   72            .0               151       8                  00.00 0.0         29.345             30 2.5 6.0     12        NW         10 31                               55
                              18 91*       72           82*        15   72            0                171       8                  00.00 0.0         29.300             31 1.5 5.1     12        NW         933                                 11
                              19 84        66           75         7    66            0                101       a                  00.00 0.0         29.320             04 6.1 8.2     23        NE         16 04                               23
                              20 84        60           72         4    61            0                71                           00.01 0.0         29.240             33 1.1 5.0     20        W          835                                 66


                              21 82        70           76         8    68            0                211       a                  00.00 0.0         29.070             25 8.110.3     23        W          16 25                               76
                              22 76        58           67         -1   57            0                2                            00.00 0.0         29.135             29 3.1 6.4     16        N          12 32                               54
                              23 81        61           71         3    56            0                6                            00.03 0.0         29.030             07 4.8 8.0     21        E          15 06                               88
                              24 86        64           75         6    68            0                1013      8                  00.88 0.0         28.730             13 3.5 8.7     30        SW         18 23                               99
                              25 72        60           66         -3   60            0                11                           00.11 0.0         28.800             20 13.013.6    32        SW         17 23                               109


                              26 80        63           72         3    63            0                71                           00.28 0.0         29.020             20 5.4 9.1     23        SW         16 22                               99
                              27 66        61           64         -5   62            1                01                           00.20 0.0         29.020             03 7.4 8.8     20        NE         15 04                               10 10
                              28 77        61           69         -1   60            01               41 3                         0T    0.0         29.060             22 5.2 8.2     18        S          13 19                               67
                              29 77        62           70         _O   63            0                5                            01.47 0. 01 28: 9001211              9: 5111 .11    321 W                20122                               8a
                              30 69        61           65         5    61            a                0         8                  00.00 0.0 29 070 24                  8 9 9.5        24 W                 15 26                               9R
                                           I      I                  I                                 I.                           I   I                                                                                                        III
                                 sum sum                                              TOTALTOTAL       NUMBER    OF :AYS            TOTAL TOTAL                          FOR THE MONT                                 TOTAL % sum sum
                                 2124      1793   -                                   61               170                          5.80 0.0          29.155 1 231       2.21 8.-6      351                  241 19            FOR               1741
                                                  _A                                                   PRECIPITAT:ON                                                                    DAT                                                      8 41 Av.
                                           :A=VG-l VG.j DEP-            AVG.          DEP. DEP.                                     DEPO                                                                              -;-                        il
                                 -;V-G-.                           .1 A                                                                                                                           E.- 13     DATE I I  Oss    NONTHIAVG
                                 7-7 5 59.41 68. 51                2.   ._            19               73a.01 INCH                  101 1.71                                                                                                     16.115.81
                                           NUMBER OF DAYS                             SEASON TO DATESNOW, ICE                       GREATEST IN 24 HOURS AND DATES                      GREATEST DEPTH ON GROUND OF
                                                                                      TOTZ'FOTAL . 1.0 INCH                         0                                                   SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE
                                 MAXIMUM TFMP.IMINIMUM TEMPo                          67861 197 THUNDERSTORMS                       7PRECIPITATIOt:J [SNOW, ITCE PELLETS                AND DATE
                                           go,    32' 1 s 32* 1 . 0'                  DEP. DEP. I      HEAVY FOG                    02.711 13-14 1           0.0                                  0
                                           1      0     1    0 1        0             5071             9A CLEAR 4                   ?.kRTLY CLOUDY 15 CLOUDY 11             1

                              EXTREME FOR THE MONTH - LAST OCCURRENCE IF MORE THAN ONE.                                             DATA IN COLS 6 AND 12-15 ARE BASED ON 21 OR MORE OBSERVATIONS AT
                              T TRACE AMOUNT.                                                                                       HOURLY INTERVALS. RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR SUM OF WIND SPEEDS
                              - ALSO ON EARLIER DATE(S).                                                                            AND DIRECTIONS DIVIDED BY THE NU14BER OF OBSERVATIONS.
                              HEAVY FOG: VISIBILITY 1/4 MILE OR LESS.                                                               COLS 16 & 17 : PEM GUST - HIGHEST INSTANTANEOUS WIND SPEED.
                              BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.                                                      ONE OF TWO WINDS IS GIVEN UNDER COLS 18 & 19 : FASTEST MILE- HIGHEST
                                                                                                                                                      @;?FFD 71OR WHlr-9 A MILE OF WIND PASSES STATION (DIR-ECTION IN
                                                                                                                                    COMPASS POINTS). FASTEST OBSERVED ONE MINUTE WIND - HIGHEST ONE
                                                                                                                                                                                                             TalF             -




















































                                                                                                                                    MINUTE SPEED (DIRECTION IN TENS OF DEGREES).
                                                                                                                                    ERRORS WILL BE CORRECTED IN SUBSEQUENT PUBLICATIONS.

                                           I (T*Rl'IFY I'IIAI' I'lil; IS AN 01-1-1CIAL I'VIALICAlION OF                             NAIIONALOCFANIC AND AI'MOSPHERIC ADWNISTRAFION,
                                           AND IS CO.MPILED I-'ROM RECORDS ON' @11.1; Al' l'IL17. NAI-IONAL CI-IMAI'ICDAIA CEN-rr.R.

                                                                   N,xnoNAL                                                                                  NAIIONAI.
                                                                   )c'l;xN(C AND                                                        0,\lx         (11.111A11C DAIA
                              noaaArmosp(timk ADMINISTRA110',                                          AND l\F0R\lA'[luN sj@'RVRT                     ASlitAIII.F. NOR111 CAROUNA                 NArI'0NAI- CLIN4AriC DAI'A CFN-I-ER











                                JUL 1994                                                                                                                                                                                                               ISSN # 0198-4500
                                ERIE, PA.
                                NAT'L WEA SER OFC NOAA                                                                                                                                                                                                 'o."I of Cowk
                                ERIE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
                                                                                                                                                             LOCAL
                                INQUIRIESICOMMENTS CALL                                                                                                                                                                                                              r
                                (704) 271-4800 VOICE                                         CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA
                                271-4010 TDD/271-4876 FAX                                                                MONTHLY SUMMARY                                                                                                               sr,4,.     0
                                TERMINAL BLDG.

                                LATITUDE 42' 05'N LONGITUDE 80'                                                          11'W                                ELEV ATION (GROUND)     731 FEET                                             TIME ZONE EASTERN                               14860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          K
                                            TEMPERATURE                        'F            DEGREE DAYS                 WEATHER TYPES SNOW/ PRECIPITATION                      AVERAGE                           WIND                                           SUNSHINE                 cO5VER
                                                                                             BASS 65 'r                  I POG                               ICE (INCHES)       STATION                           (M. P. H.                                                               _"_THS
                                                                                                                         2 HEAVY roe                         ON E.              th FRESSURE                                               2            FASTEST
                                                                                                                         3 THUNDERSTORMS
                                                                                                                                                             GRDz               (INCHES                    E-                             GUST         I-MIN
                                                                                                                         PELLETS                             2:W                                                                                       -                       Da
                                                                                                                         4 ICE                               A, -a                                                53                                             ul        El
                                                                                                                                                             C4   3:
                                                            04                                                           SH IL                                                  OF Hq)                     C1                             0
                                                                               (ZD                                       GLAZE                                                                             w                              w
                                                                                                                         7 DIISTSTO                               'Z            7C@' ELEV.                                                                                 U 7,
                                24                                                                                            RM                             0700>                                                                        od                     E-
                                                                                                                         8 SMOKE, KAZE                                                                     -n a,                          a. ca        r4
                                                                                                                         9                                                                                 43 cn  > @A                                                     W 0
                                                                                                        0                                                    5                  w   737                           a3
                                                            15                 0=                                        SLOWING SHOW                        C,
                                                3:                                                      u                                                    (:N. ul            U(FT.14SLj                 O@                                                                  C.         I
                                                                               4.
                                    2           3           4                  5             67A        7B               18                                  91                                                                           617          18 19    20             21         22        2-3-
                                1                                                                                                                            0                  11 12          13          14     15                      I=
                                01  82          58*         70                 0             61      0                   51                                  00.00              0029.180       2 1         6.4    8.0                     20S          13 21                              2         2
                                02  81          66          74                 4             62      0                   9                                   800.00             0.0 29.190     22          6.410.6                        23S          18 19                              9         9
                                03  74          63          69                 -1            59      0                   4                                   00.00              0.0 29.350     04          9.710.3                        23 NE        16 04                              5         5
                                04  82          63          73                 3             65      0                   a                                   a00.00             0.0 29.340     06          2.0    5.6                     16S          13 17                              3         3
                                05  86          74          80                 10            68      0                   15                                  800.00             0.0 29.260     21          7.8    9.9                     21W          14 21                              6         7


                                06  89          75          82                 11            71      0                   173                                 800.00             0.0 29.210     22          5.8    7.8                     21 NW        14 20                              6         6
                                07  85          70          78                 7             70      0                   1313                                800 .29            0.0 29.210     18          2.5    6.7                     18S          14 21                              10        9
                                08  91          73          82*                11            71      0                   1713                                80T                0.0 29.200     19          8.4    9.1                     18S          15 18                              7         7
                                09  80          72          76                 5             65      0                   11                                  80T                0.0 29.200     2 3         10.412.1                       3 3W         18 27                              7         8
                F::@            10  72          60          66-                -5            58      0                   11                                  00. 19             0.0 29.300     28          7.310.5                        23W          15 30                              9         9
                P4              11  73          60          67                 -4            57      0                   2                                   00.00              0.0 29.350     29          3.1    7.0                     16 NW        13 3 2                             3         4
                                12  85          61          73                 2             62      0                   8                                   00 .00             0.0 29.230     21          8.711.2                        22S          15 19                              7         6
                                13  80          67          74                 3             65      0                   93                                  800.00             0.0 29.260     28          0.7    7.0                     21 NE        16 06                              4         5
                                14  77          115         71                 0             63 3    0                   61                                  00 * 011           0*0 29*250     10          3*9    1*0                     16 SE        907                                9         9
                                15  80          67          74                 3             68      0                   91                                  800.00             0.0 29.220     25          6.6    9 .9                    24W          17 28                              9         9


                                16  75          62          69                 -2            61      0                   4                                   00 .00             0.0 29.350     32          5.6    7.0                     15 NW        13 34                              6         6
                                17  80          62          71                 - 1           62      0                   6                                   00 .00             0.0 29 .300    04          3.1    5.1                     14N          10 04                              8         7
                                18  80          68          74                 2             64      0                   91                                  800.02             0.0 29.220     2 3         3.6    7.4                     15 NW        12 31                              5         5
                                19  84          65          75                 3             61      0                   10                                  00.00              0.0 29 .285    2 4         2.5    6 .9                    14S          10 3 0                             4         3
                                20  91*         69          so                 8             67      0                   15                                  800.00             0.0 29 .290    18          9.9    10 .3                   18S          14 19                              6         6


                                21  90          71          81                 9             68      0                   161                                 800.05             0.0 29.160     19          10.3   10.8                    3 0S`W       16 19                              8         9
                                22  84          71          78                 6             67      0                   13                                  a00.00             0.0 29.050     19          12.312.5                       23S          15 20                              10        9
                                23  79          69          74                 2             65      0                   9                                   800 .00            0.0 29 .100    23          9.011.1                        2 5W         16 28                              5         5
                                24  83          68          76                 4             65      0                   1113                                800 .16            0.0 29.100     2 2         7.8    9 . 77                  23 SW        15 25                              5         5
                                25  80          65          7 3                1             61      0                   813                                 00.12              0.0 29 .050    23          5.9    8 .7                    3 0NW        14 28                              4         5


                                26  76          61          69                 -3            58      0                   41                                  00 .03             0 .0 29.030    2 3         7.3    9 .9                    22 NW        16 31                              8         7
                                27  79          60          70                 -2            58      0                   51                                  00.11              0.0 29.080     13          3.0    5.7                     15E          934                                10        9
                                28  77          61          69                 -3            60      0                   413                                 800.00             0.0 29.140     29          0.6    5.9                     15N          10 01                              9         8
                                29  78          61          70                 -2            57      0                   51                                  800.04             0.0 29.280     04          2.9    7.8                     17N          12 08                              3         5
                                30  78          62          70                 -2            61      0                   51                                  00.03              0.0129.3301231             3.31   6                                    12127                              6         5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  7:51                    151SW
                                131 81 1        64 1 73                        1             63      0                   811                                 8 100.001          0.0 29.380 22              2.7                            014 NW 1 14 30                                  1 21      11
                                                                     -                       OT      TOTAL               NUMBER                              OF ZAYS TOTALITOTALI                          FOR THE MONTH                  :            --         TOTAL                   SUM $1-.4
                                                03                                           -       0                                                       i . 121 0. 0.1                                       6                       .5 331w      T 727                   FOR        19593
                                                            AV(@'              P.            A V".)                                                          El                                                   :i! =I1
                                    AVG.        AVG.             '    Di                     G. I DEP. I DEP. 1PREcrPiTAT.@CN*                                                                                                            DATE: 9 1 DATE. 9 POSS_ O"T"1AVG1A-.-j
                                                                 31            2.01 63.3             __1                 0;71- -01                           -2.                                                                                                                          16. 316 . 21
                                    81.01 65.61 73.                                                  0                        INCH
                                            NUMBER OF DAYS                                   SEASON TO OATTSNOW, ICE PEILETS                                 GREATEST IN 24           HOURS AND DATES                                     GREATEST DEPTH ON GROUND OF
                                                                                             TOTALITOTAL a 1.0 INCH                                          111                                                                          SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE
                                !MAXIMUM TEMP.1MTNIMUM TEMP.                                         01 463 THUNDERSTORMS                                    7TPI ECTPITATION I SNO                        E PELLETS
                                                                                                                                                             R                                 W, IC                                      AND DATE
                                            90*       32'                                    DEP. DEP. HEAVY FOG                                             1 0.291            07 1           11.11                                      10           1
                                            3         0                                                                  CLEAR                               5=AR7LY CLOUDY 15      CLOUDY Ii _j

                                EXTREME FOR THE                  MONTH - LAST OCCURRENCE IF MORE THAN                                                        DATA IN COLS 6 AND 12-15 ARE BASED ON 21 OR MORE OBSERVATIONS AT
                                T TRACE AMOUNT.                                                                                                              HCURLY INTERVALS.                 RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR SUM OF WIND SPEE--s
                                + ALSO ON EARLIER                DATE(S) .                                                                                   AND DIRECTIONS U:V:DED BY THE WMBER OF OBSERVATIONS.
                                HEAVY FOG: VISIBILITY 1/4 MILE OR LESS.                                                                                      :OLS 16 & 17 : PEAK GUS7 - HIGHEST INSTANTANEOUS WIND SPEED.
                                aLAN-K                                                       CrI, UNRE:-ICRTEC, ZATA.                                        '11= IT            WT11r)C -s                        "MCFq                   18 1. 19 * FASTEsT M?r-=-- HIGwES7
                                                                                                                                                                                _@EE`D FCR                 A MI:.Z 3-1 WIND PASSES STATION @D:RECT=,:
                                                                                                                                                                                               @ASTEST CaSERVEz- ONE                                   IiNc          =;HEST *@NE
                                                                                                                                                             MINUTE SPEED kCIRECTION 1.; TENS @F DEGREES).
        0                                                                                                                                                    ERRORS WILL BE CORRE"TED IN SU9SEQUENT PUBLICATIONS.

                                            I CER111'N' IIIA]' HIIS IS,                                                                                      OF THI.                           VNI) \IM()SI'111RIC ADMINISIRA11O.N.
                                            AND IS COMPILI-D I`ROIA RECORDS ON 1-11-1: Al I'IIF N,\!@ONAL CLINIA11CDAIA (TNIER.

                                                                               NA110NAL
                                noaa                                           FA%IC NND                                 I-NX IR0%.MI`, L\1 4\11 1 1 111, Iml,v                 4 1 1%1.\Il( DAIA @ 1 "11-11                              DIRECIOR
                                                            AI'MOSPIII RIC ADMINISHU"10N                                 AND I%FoIz%IAI10\ NI-R% R I.                           \Silt.% It I F. NoRill ( AROI I\ \                        NAHONAL CLINIALIC DAIA CEN-IFIR












                         AUG 1994                                                                                                                                                                           ISSN * 0198-4500
                         ERIE, PA.
                         NAT'L WEA SER OFC NOAA                                                                                                                                                             J.'er or C041+
                         ERIE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT                                                           LOCAL                                                                                         ir
                                                                                                                                                                                                            a
                         INQUIRIES/COKMENTS CALL
                                                                             c                                                                                                                              r.
                         704) 271-4800 VOICE                                 LIMATOLOGICAL DATA
                         271-4010 TDD/271-4876 FAX                                                 MONTHLY SUMMARY                                                                                          %sr4,-, 0
                         TERMINAL BLDG.

                         LATITUDE 42' 05'N                      LONGITUDE 80* ll'W                            ELEVATION (GROUND)                     731 FEET                   TIME ZONE EASTERN                                   14860
                                         TEMPERATURE            'F           DEGREE D@YS       WEATHER TYPES SNOW/ PRECIPITATION                  AVERAGE                  WIND                                    SUNSHINE         cs"Y
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    OVER
                                                                             BASE  65 F        I FOG              ICE           (INCHES)          STATION                  tM.P.H.                                                  TENTHS
                                                                                               2HEAVY FOG         ON                              PRESSURE                          PEAK                    FASTEST
                                                        w                    E-4               3VHUNDERSTORNS                                                        E'             GUST                    I-MIN
                                                        9%                   z                 4 ICE PELLETS     GRZ            'w                (INCHES
                                                   43           1 W          u       0                                                                                                                             w
                                                                o                              S HAIL              AT               :3            jOF Hg)
                                                                                                   2                                                                 El                                            Da        m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   E-4
                                                                                               IDUSTST...        0700               Z             11, ELEV.          r:         w                           w           IJ In
                                                   Da                                                                           3;                                   t
                                                                                               8 MOKE,HAZE                          V1                                     w                                r4               tn
                                                                             ca                9 5                                                w737               F@ tn'
                                                   >                                           &LOWING SNOW                                                                                                 a.          W 0
                                                   4    a       2:                                                                                U(FTAHSL)          22 @l >                                Cl
                                                                L@           a=      u                                          w                                    a:    4                                ul
                         1               23        4            5            67A     7B            a              9 ,           10                11 12              13 14 15   T1617                       18 19  20        21     22      23
                         01              84 66     7 5          3            62    0           10             a         0       0.00              0.0 29.295         22 6.2 8.2     16        NW            12 28                   2       3
                         0 2             82 69     76           4            67    0           111            8         0       0.00              0.0 29.255         25 5.4 8.2     17        NW            15 2 9                  4       6
                         0 3             81 67     74           2            65    0           91             8         0       0.00              0.0 29.270         25 2.6 6.5     13        N             10 3 4                  5       6
                         04              85 67     76           4            6 7   0           111 3          8         0       1.68              0.0 29.100         20 11.112.0    4 0       SW            25 26                   9       9
                         05              68 55     62           -9           so    3           0                        0       0.10              0.0 29.270         0 210.311.8    25        N             18 0 3                  6       7


                         06              71 52*    62*          -9           4 8   3           0                        0       0.00              0.0 29.400         04 3.5 7.5     18        N             14 01                   4       4
                         07              7 855     67           -4           53    0           2                        0       0.00              0.0 29.330         10 2.7 7.6     17        NE            14 0 3                  3       2
                         0 8             78 61     7 0          -1           59    0           5              8         0       0.00              0.0 29.290         22 4.4 8.5     16        S             14 2 8                  4       4
                         0 9             7 262     67           -4           58    0           21             8         0       0.01              0.0 29.350         29 5.3 9.2     16        NW            13 20                   10      9
                jc:@     10              7 061     66           -5           54    0           1                        0       0.00              0 .0 29.450        01 3.4 7.1     15        N             12 3 4                  9       9
         a) P4           11              6 758     63           -8           59    2           01                       0       0.09              0.0 29.410         17 2.4 4.6     10        S             918                     10      10
                         12              84 65     75           4            66    0           101 3          8         0       0.15              0.0 29.320         15 2.0 5.9     29        SW            14 20                   10      10
                         13              7 66 7    72           1            68    0           71  3          8         0       3 .12             0.0 29.180         21 11.812.4    49        SW            17 2 5                  10      10
                         14              70 6 2    66           -5           54    0           11  3                    0       0.79              0.0 29.100         29 9.9 11.4    26        SW            23 22                   8       9
                PQ
                         15              6 956     63           -8           50    2           0                        0       0.00              0.0 29.275         2 87.910.2     26        NW            15 3 0                  4       4


                         16              76 54     6 5          -5           53    0           0                        0       0 00              0 029 330          14 2 07 6      16        I-Fq          10 3 5                  1       2
                P@       17              7 76 4    71           1            63    0           6              8         0       0 : 0 0           0 : 02 9 : 2 7 5   14 5 : 36 : 5  13        E             10 16                   10      9
                         18              7 664     7 0          0            6 5   0           51             8         0       0.00              0.0 29.245         30 3.4 6.0     14        NW            10 31                   6       8
                         19              8.1 62    7 2          2            64    0           71             8         0       0 .00             0.0 29.190         20 5.0 7.7     16        W             13 2 9                  4       5
                         20              86* 67    77-          8            65    0           121 3          8         0       0 .68             0.0 29.055         19 8.910.2     24        S             16 19                   10      10


                         21              7 466     7 0          1            65    0           51                       0       0.36              0.0 28.980         27 3.5 7 .7    18        NE            14 0 3                  10      10
                         2 2             7 458     66           -3           56    0           1                        0       0.00              0.0 29.210         0 48.5 10 .5   21        UE            16 0 3                  4       4
                         2 3             74 55     65           -4           57    0           0                        0       0.00              0.0 29.410         21 0.3 5.2     15        N             10 3 5                  2       1
                         24              80 59     7 0          1            56    0           5                        0       0.00              0.0 29.420         18 9.5 9 .8    18        S             14 18                   6       5
                         25              7 866     72           3            6 6   0           71 3           a         0       0.21              0 .0 29.325        23 8.4 9.8     21        SW            16 27                   7       7


                         26              8 36 3    7 3          4            66    0           81             8         0       0.00              0.0 29.300         22 6 . 38 .3   18        W             14 26                   9       7
                         27              8 069     75           6            68    0           101            8         0       0.00              0.0 29.270         2 54.9 7.2     14        NW            10 30                   6       6
                         2 8             81 6 7    7 4          5            66    0           91  3          8         0       0.49              0.0 29.060         22 9.113.3     44        SW            26 24                   10      9
                         2 9             7 256     64           -4           53    1           0                        0       0.00              0.0129.1801311     5.21 8.9       22        SW            14 25                   4       41
                         30              74 53     64           -4           54    1           0                        0       0.02              0.0 29.280 19      3.5 6.1        13        S             10 18                   7       6
                         131             731621    68   1       0 1          60    Of          31                       0       0.021             0.0 29.130 24      8.111.61       261       W             117127                  91      91
                                                                             11A                                                                                     FOR THE MONTH                                 TOT       %      Sum SUM
                                         sum sum                             T 12@TITAL        NUMBER OF DAYS
                                                                                                                                                  Ll 2   T27-2,91 8                 421
                                         1908                                                  '47                              TOT@              T@l 9.2                                     S,,,          26 24            FOR
                                         2374                                                                                   7 72rol              60                         .6                                                  203 204
                                                                                     DEP.                                       DEP.                                                                                         ONTH   Avr AvG
                                         AVG. AVG.IAVG-   DEP_               DEP.              PRECIPITAT:ON                                                                        DATE      _3            1 "[email protected], POSS
                                                          _1.01 AVG.                           -24 L' .01 INCH          13
                                         76.6 61.51 69.11                    59.8  0                                            3.66                                                                                                6. 516.
                                         NU14BER OF 'DAYS                    SEASON TO DATE SNOW, ICE PELLETS                   GREATEST IN 24 HOURS AND DATES                      GREATEST                DEPTH ON GROUND OF
                                                                             ToT3TFoTAL        2t 1*0 INCH              Ov                                                          SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE'
                            IMAXIMUM TFMP.jMINIMUM                TEMP.1           121 610     THUNDERSTORIMS 7                 PRECIPITATION1 SNOW, 1,CE PELLETS                   AND DATE
                                         90*  32* 1 % 32* Is 0*              1 DEP. DEP.       HEAVY FOG                0       3.911 13-14 1            0.0                                  0             1
                                         0    0    1      0 1                01    01          126 CLEAR 4       PARTLY CLOUDY 14                 CLOUDY 13            1

                         EXTREME FOR THE MONTH - LAST OCCURRENCE                               IF MORE THAN ONE.                DATA IN COLS 6 AND 12-15 ARE BASED ON 21 OR MORE OBSERVATIONS AT
                         T TRACE AMOUNT.                                                                                        HOTIRLY INTERVALS. RESULTAONT WIND IS THE VECTOR SUM OF WIND SPEEn-S
                         + ALSO ON EARLIER DATE(S).                                                                             AND DIRECTIONS DIVIDED BY THE NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS.
                         HEAVY FOG: VIS151LITY 1/4 MILE OR LESS.                                                                COLS 16 & 17 : PEAK GUST - HIGHEST !NSTANTANEOUS WIND SPEED.
                         BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.                                                       ONE OF TWO WINDS IS GIVEN UNDER COLS 18 S 19 : FASTEST MILE- HIG.4vz-
                                                                                                                                RECORCED SPEED FOR WHICH A MILE OF WIND PASSES STATION (DIRECTION
                                                                                                                                @:=nxss 2c:@:Ts; .       F'          --=T z:2s= *Z: C,','E A:N'.'TE -.-r_Nc - Hl@-4EST ONE
                                                                                                                                                                                                              ES IF















































































                                                                                                                                                                     T: N  N
                                                                                                                                -:NUTZ SPEEC @ =REC 3 :N :E S OF OEC; EES)
                                                                                                                                El                   CORRECTED IN SUBSEQUENT PUBLICATIONS.
                                                                                                                                RRORS WILL BE

                                         I CERTIn' THAT TTUS IS AIN OFFICIAL PLBLIc.,@rio,; oi, I'IfF_ NA110N."LLOCEA-NIC AND ArmosPlIERIC ADNtINISTRATION.
                                         AND IS COMPILED FROM RECORDS ON FILE Ar rilL \AFION.AL CLIM.-U IC DkT..x cE\-rER.

                                                                             N                                NAFIONAL                                   N11"10"Al.
                                                                EANIC AND                      _NVIRO@\41-NT\L. *;AlT[_llll:. D,\F,\.             Cl.l.%lAllC DATA CFNITR                     DIREC`rOR
                         nomak Ai'\40SP.HcENR'IxCn(A)D.@6AilLNIS,rRAII().%,                    @ \,'.D INFORNIAnO\ SER\ICI-                                          "ORI'H CAROLINA          NAFIONAL CLIMAFIC DArA CENTER














                                                                             Appendix B








                                                          BEHCH CLOSINGS BUIE TO HPICTE-191H

                                                                        T I M, LE    i CLOSED              NO -BEACHESI IHOURS. MINUTE3,j                MOUR5. MINUTEZ
                  D-A- E                                                     EM
                                                                      C LLIS                 UNTIL            CLOSED                                                        C,
                                                   CH                                                                              CLOSED               BEACHES CLCS-D
                6 / 2. 1 9 41 T I               TWO                     10. 40               13.S6                  t                 3.1                        3.16
                6 / Z I 1141       T          6 U D NY                  10,413               13.S6                  1                 3.16                       3.16
                3115 ! ".44        Ill I WEST EXTENSIOV                 1,35.50              4-:0.0 0               5                 6.50                       32-50
                                            ONE WESTI,
                                                ONE-
                                            ONE EASi7
                                              ELEVEN
                8     8            T  I WEST EX; T E 145;1 QN-1         12-  - G G     1     2"-.Ilo                                  8.00           1           8.0c,
                                            ONE WEST!
                                                    E
                8/16 11:14         T            0 N                       -                  20.00                  3                 10.130                      0. 0 CI
                              I      I        ELEVEN       -     I                                       I
                      7.,'Gl 4     @'A.;    ONE                         10.00                13.15                  2                 3.15                       A A F.,

                8/23/9-11          T          E L F,.' P 1              13.50          1     20.00                  1           -u. 5 0                          6.5 C,
                    2, 4;-S 147!   W          E L EY E N                  1). 0 ;'.'!1       13.01)                 1                 3.00                       31,00-
                      0''.7.q a;   T          E L EV E .1-1             10-30                I-10.0s                                                             2. 7 5















                                                                                                                                     NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY
                                                                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                                                                        !411@
                                                                                                                                     3 6668 14111696 4