    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                                                                                                      I;OF,-

                          MI

                 c                                      Harfo                  toun
                                                                       rd                           Shoreline &4@#
                224
                .M3
                H37                                     Harford County Department of Planning and ZoniAg
                1981
                           00@.                         1981

                     Abstract                                              Contents

                     The Harford County Shoreline Study was con-           Executive Summary 2
                     ducted in the summer of 1980. Extensive field         Introduction 6
                     analysis was used to examine the land near the
                     water's edge in order to locate areas with            Harford County Waterways 8
                     potential for passive and active recreational use     Susquehanna RiverlBroad Creek 8
                     and to identify some of the sensitive coastline       Susquehanna River/Conowingo Dam to Havre de Grace 15
                     environments that may need to be protected.           Havre de Grace to Swan Creek Point 25
                       The study concludes that there are many             Swan Creek 29
                     possibilities for increased public access to the      Bush River/Otter Point Creek 31
                     waterways of the County. It was also found            The Gunpowder River 40
                     that the coastline marshes need further protec-
                     tion to prevent environmental degradation.            Harford County Marshes 44
                       This study was funded by the Maryland               Swan Creek Marsh 45
                     Coastal Management Program through a grant            Church Creek Marsh 45
                     from the Office of Coastal Zone Management,           Bush Creek Marsh 46
                     National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration           Otter Point Creek Marsh 46
                     (NOAA).                                               Gunpowder River Marsh- 47
                                                                           Recommendations 48
                                                                           Methodology 52
                                                                           Glossary of Plants Observed 52
                                                                           Map of Harford County Maryland Inside Back Cover
                                                                           Legendfor Shoreline Study Maps Back Foldout
                                                                           Key Map of Harford County Shoreline Study Back Foldout

       CIO
                                                           Harford County Shoreline Study
                                                           Harford County Department of Planning and Zoning
                                                           1981

           County Executive: J. Thomas Barranger           Director, Department of Planning and Zoning: Guy W. Hager
           Council President:John W. Hardwicke             Chief, Long Range Planning and Research Division: Uri P. Avin
           District A: Barbara A. Risacher                 Project Director: Robert S. Lynch
           District B: Edward H. RahlI., Jr.               Contributor, Harford County Marshes: Stanley Kollar,
           District C: John W. Schafer                     Assistant Professor Biology, Harford Community College
           District D: Lehman W. Spry                      Project Assistant: Michael Luzier
           District E: Barbara 0. Kreamer                  Editor: Marilyn W. Norris
           District F: FrankJ. Hutchins                    Maps: Michael Luzier
                                                           Graphic Design: Sandra R. Sparks
                                                           Photographs: Wayne Nield, Robert S. Lynch

                                                                    VXoperty of CSC Library

                                                           Copies of this report are available from the Flarford County Department of Planning and Zoning, Bel Air, Maryland,
                                                           21014 (301) 838-6000, ext. 381.

                                Executive Summary

                                Harford County has 106 miles of shoreline, of
                                which only a quarter is accessible to the public.
                                This shoreline study was undertaken in an effort to
                                gather information about the natural features of this
                                important resource, to identify areas with potential
                                for recreational use and areas requiring conservation
                                management.
                                  The Department of Natural Resources funded the
                                study. Field survey techniques were used to observe
                                and gather information from the perspective of the
                                waterside. The area within the U.S. Army testing
                                installation at Aberdeen Proving Ground was not
                                included in the study.
                                   In order to accurately describe the condition of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 _eNtl W
                                the shoreline, three types of information were col-
                                lected: natural features (land, shore, and vegetation),
                                constructed features (erosion-control structures,
                                piers, houses) and natural processes (erosion,
                                sedimentation, and succession).

                                Natural Features

                                The Harford County shoreline can be categorized
                                according to five basic shoreline types. These
                                typologies contain generalized characteristics found
                                in different combinations of shore and fastland

                                zones.

                                                                                                              V                                                                          Rocky/Overhang
                                                                                                                                N
                                                                                                                            '_A@4                                                        Similar to the natural overhang shoreline except
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ks of varying sizes. Found
                                                                                                                                                                                         containing numerous roc
                                                                                                                                                                                         along the Susquehanna River the Oakington Shore,
                                                                                                                                                                                         and the coves of Swan Creek, the               Bush and the
                                                                                                                                                                                         Gunpowder Rivers.

                                                                                                             Natural/Overhang
                                                                                                             A natural shore with overhanging mixed hardwood
                                                                                                             vegetation. Found along the Susquehanna River,
                                                                                                             the Oakington Shore, and the coves of Swan Creek,
                                                                                                             the Bush and the Gunpowder Rivers.
                                2

                                                 ILA

                                                                                                                              '71
                                                                                                                                                                  '14

                                   41.

                                                                                                                                                                . . . . . . . .---

                                                                                                                                                             'K

                                          '54 -at                                      v

                                                   V.                                                                                       M@
                                                         'Z.
                                                                Air&

                                                                                                                   Marsh
                                                                                                                   Low wetland, periodically inundated. Considerable
                                                                                                                   growth of grasses, sedges, cattails, and rushes.
                                                                         air
                                                                          P.'@ @N                                  Found in the Swan Creek and the Bush and Gun-
            Sandy/Vegetation
            A sandy beach with mixed hardwood vegetation. In-                                                      powder Rivers.
            shore landscape is usually recessed (sloping), but
            some are bluffed. Found along the Bush and Gun-
            powder Rivers.                                      Gravelly/Vegetation
                                                                Gravelly beach with mixed hardwood vegetation.
                                                                Found along the Susquehanna River and the
                                                                Chesapeake Bay.

                         Natural Processes
                         Two major natural processes were documented.
                         Vegetational succession was observed and recorded.
                         Erosion and sedimentation were noted together
                         because they are related in occurrence.
                                                                                                                                                                                '3
                         Vegetational Succession                                                          at.,                              _AA
                         0 Most of the inland zone along the Harford Coun-
                         ty shoreline is in the climax stage of succession.
                         Mixed hardwood forests contain beech-maple and                           V   A-
                         oak-hickory as the dominant tree association.                              _,W.
                         0 Swan Creek Point is the only shoreline area.that
                         is still in the process of succession, exhibiting
                         vegetation of a stage preceding climax.
                         Erosion/Sedimentation
                         0 Swan Creek is bearing increased sediment loads
                         because of development that is occurring upstream.
                         Increased sedimentation may also be due to the
                         blocking of waterflow by the U.S. Army Spesutie
                                                                                                                                        V,
                         Causeway.
                           The Bush River drainage system contains nine
                         potential point-source polluters, ranging from in-
                         dustries to sewage-treatment plants to a quarry.
                         Runoff from urban areas, construction sites and
                         agricultural lands contributes to the sedimentation
                         problems as well.
                           Bush Creek Marsh appears to have a low veg
                                                                           eta-
                                                                                                                                                 i     xt
                         tional diversity which could have been caused by                                                                                 7-4-
                         increasing sedimentation rates.
                                                                                                                                                                                  N_
                           Heavy siltation has been occurring in the Gun-
                                                                                    14k
                                                                                                                                                                                   W
                         powder River because of runoff from construction
                                                                                                                                                                                  AOKI         *A
                                                                                                                                                                       'A
                         sites and agricultural land and the sand and gravel
                                                                                                                                                                              A
                         operations on the tributaries at the head of the tidal                                                                 I
                                                                                                                                                                                               7
                         portion of the river.                                                    ov,
                                                                                                                                                                                  J'@
                           Otter Creek Marsh acts as a buffer for the water
                         passing through it. Nutrients and heavy sediments
                         from several large developments near Route 40 per-
                                                                                                                                      lip
                         cipitate out here.                                             V

                                                                                                                   4@_

            Constructed Features
            The Harford County shoreline exhibits several
            types of constructed features.
            Year-round Dwellings
             Havre de Grace is an 18th century city located
            on the Susquehanna River. The city plan of streets
            and buildings offers unique vistas from the water-
            side into town and from the town onto the water.
            0 Joppatowne has extensively landscaped single-
            family houses and townhouses located on many of
            the coves of the Gunpowder River.
            0 The west shore of Foster Branch is lined with
            residential units.
             A few houses appear along the Susquehanna near              d
            the mouth of Deer Creek.
            0 Seasonal homes converted to year-round use are
            located along Broad Creek.
              Homes of varying size, style and quality of repair
            are found along the Bush River. Seasonal and year                               A
            round housing are mixed.
            0 Several homes are located on top of the steep
            banks of Swan Creek.
                                                                                                         4,
            Seasonal Dwellings
            0 Cabins dot the waterfront land owned by the
            Philadelphia Electric Company on the Susquehanna                                                                                        0
            River above the Conowingo Dam and along Broad
            Creek.
            0 Seasonal housing is found along the Bush River.
            Bulkheads and Piers
            0 Bulkheads have been built along the shorelines of
            joppatowne and Havre de Grace and in some places
            along the Bush River.
            0 There are piers and docking and launching
            facilities on the Susquehanna near the mouth of
                                                                                                        ""0
            Broad Creek and at Havre de Grace, on the Bush
                                                                                            1_0             A
            River, on Foster Branch and at Joppatowne.

                            Introduction

                            Harford County is situated along the western shore             resources, wildlife, nutrient-rich areas, permanent           been held with members of APG's Facilities Engi-
                            of the upper Chesapeake Bay. The Susquehanna                   and adverse changes to ecological systems, decreas-           neering-Environmental Staff concerning the
                            River serves as the county's northeast boundary                ing open space available for public use and                   possibility of allowing public access to some of
                            with Cecil County. To the southeast, the county            is  shoreline erosion." Congress recognized that there            their shoreline recreational space.
                            bordered by the Little Gunpowder River, a boun-                are "important ecological, cultural, historical, and
                            dary shared with Baltimore County.                             esthetic values in the coastal zone which are essen-          Harford County Shoreline Segments
                              Harford County begins in the Northern Piedmont               tial to the well-being of all citizens" and which are         A shoreline is the contact point between a body of
                            area and slopes gently down to the shores of the               subject to forces that may irrevocably alter them.
                            Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in North                     Harford County has actively participated in the             water and the land. It is a complicated and fragile
                            America. The 106 miles of county shoreline which               Coastal Zone Management Program since 1977. In                ecosystem. Any attempt to document the character
                            border the bay and its rivers, estuaries and marshes           that time, progress has been made at the local level          of a shoreline requires simplification and generaliza-
                            rink among the finest natural assets of this largely           through the passage of legislation that regulates             tion upon the various single elements which, in
                            agricultural area. Only 26 miles (25%) of the Har-             stormwater runoff, sediment control and flood plain           fact, function as a complex system. Although this
                            ford County shoreline is directly accessible to the            management. This legislation helps to protect the             method introduces some measure of error, it pro-
                            public. The U.S. Army's testing installation at the            county's waterbodies from. environmental degrada-             vides a way of assembling a total picture of the
                            Aberdeen -Proving Ground (APG) controls the rest.              tion.                                                         system.
                            This control extends to portions of county shoreline             There continue to be requests for use of the                  For purposes of study, the Harford County
                            bordering the Chesapeake Bay, Bush River and                   coastal area in ways which are not compatible with            shoreline was divided into six geographical areas.
                            Gunpowder River. This situation makes the accessi-             the sensitive nature of the coastal zone and its ad-          Each of these areas is described separately in this
                            ble 3horeline of even greater importance to the                joining shoreline. For example, there are proposals           chapter. Each geographical unit is composed of
                            County.                                                        for new residential developments in areas adjacent            three interactive physical elements: the Eastland, the
                              The objectives of the Harford County Shoreline               to Church Creek Marsh and Otter Point Marsh. In               shore and the near shore (See Figure i). Together,
                            Study were:                                                    addition, expansion of county, municipal, and                 the three elements function as a single ecotone with
                            0 to gather information on shoreline conditions,               federal sewage treatment facilities is currenily              each element performing a different function in the
                            wildlife habitat, submerged aquatic vegetation, and            underway. It is critical that the possible negative           working of the system. (An ecotone is the transition
                            other natural features that make the shoreline a uni-          environmental impact of such activities be                    zone between two different ecological units.) In this
                            que environmental system.                                      understood.                                                   case the zone provides a transition between upland
                            0 to identify areas with potential for passive or ac-            This study included conventional data sources               areas and tidal waters.
                            tive recreational use.                                         relating to the shoreline, e.g., United States
                            0 to identify areas which require conservation                 Geographical Survey maps, aerial photographs,
                            management.                                                    photogrammetric maps, and Department of Natural
                                                                                           Resources maps. However, field surveying was the                 FASTLAND ASHORE                 NEAR SHORE
                              to identify policy issues which affect land use,             essential technique employed. Observation of the
                            shoreline access and use, and conservation manage-             shoreline and data collection were accomplished
                            ment.                                                          from the water. This provided the unique oppor-
                            Funding for this study was provided by the Depart-             tunity to examine shoreline land use from the
                                                                                                                                                                                       @_MLW @15 -rid- R Wg-
                            ment of Natural Resources, Tidewater Administra                perspective of the waterways rather than from the
                            tion, Maryland Coastal Zone Management Pro-                    land. Apart from furnishing accurate and up-to-date
                            gram,                                                          information, this approach offered certain unique
                              Legislative support for the study goes back to the           insights about the natural shore and the urban areas
                            Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) passed by                   adjacent to it.
                            Congress in 1972. This act was passed because                    The study excluded the lands of the Aberdeen                Figure 1: An illustration of the definition of the three com-
                                                                                                                                                         ponents of the shorelands. Source: William H. Queen
                            unplanned growth and uncontrolled development in               Proving Ground (APG) which are owned by the                   -Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc. "Physical Alterations of
                            coastal areas had led to "loss of living marine                federal government. However, discussions have                 Coastal Shorelines
                            6

               In order to accurately describe the condition of
                                                                                                        NATURAL FEATURES                                 MAN-MADE FEATURES      NATURAL PROCESSES
             the Harford County shoreline, three types of infor-
                                                                                          r
             mation are needed: natural features, constructed                         Shore Zone           Vegetation               Fasticird!         Erosion Control Structures
             features and natural processes. Constructed features                         I   I           I     I               I      i                        1       1
                                                                                   Beach  Natural Shore Aquatic Upland      Recessed Bluffed Beach    Je!Hys Groins  Bulkheads    Erosion., Succession
             include erosion-control structures, piers, and                                                                                 Bench                              S.dimentati
                                                                                    I                              I                        Slop.
                                                                                                                 mixed
             houses. The natural processes of importance        are           Sandy   Gravelly                  Hardwood
             erosion, sedimentation, and succession.                            I         I                      Forest
                                                                              Slope       slope
                                                                                                  S.b@erged   Enn.Irg..t
                                                                                          Ft
             Natural Features                                                   F'        "'t
                                                                          r-d,.s,t.,.     d.1-ft
                                                                             M*       M*
                                                                             S. I         Isre
                                                                             Severe       ever
             The natural features of a shoreline are what makes               Bluff       Bluff
             it a unique environmental setting. The natural               Figure 2: Am illustration of the shoreline characteristics inventoried.
             features were classified into four categories below.
                                                                          ford County are characterized as either sandy or             Constructed Features
             Fastland                                                     gravelly and according to the severity of their slope
             The fastland zone extends landward from the shore            (flat, moderate, severe or bluff).                           Constructed features have the potential to alter the
             zone. It is a relatively stable area and is the site of        There are several marshes along the Harford                natural conditions of the shoreline. Erosion-control
             most development activity. In Harford County the             County shoreline. An explanation of the unique               structures such as jetties, groins and bulkheads, are
             fastland supports a mixed hardwood forest with               features of the marshy shore zone is included in the         often placed in the shore zone. The types and loca-
             beech-maple and oak-hickory as the dominant tree             introduction to the chapter on Harford County                tions of erosion-control structures as well as other
             associations.                                                marshes.                                                     constructed features such as piers and houses were
               Fastland landscape is classified as recessed, bluff-       Near-Shore Zone                                              inventoried in this study.
             ed or beached bench/slope. A recessed landscape
             slopes uniformly toward the water's edge, while a            The near-shore zone is the area that extends from            Natural Processes
             bluffed landscape slopes abruptly to the water. A            the seaward limit of the shore zone to the 6-foot
             bench/slope is characterized by a plateau on top of          contour line, which is an area always below water.           Soil erosion, sedimentation and succession are the
             a recess or a bluff, usually followed by an addi-            The near-shore bottom material is an important               natural processes that are relevant to the shoreline
                                                                                                                                       study. Soil erosion and sedimentation were con-
             tional steep slope. Access to beaches often depends          feature in the estuarine system because it is where
             upon the type of inshore landscape. Typically,               aquatic vegetation is rooted. The firmness of the            sidered together because sedimentation is the prod-
             recessed or bench/slope landscapes offer greater ac-         bottom material depends upon the mixture of sand,            uct of erosion. Both of these processes can damage
             cess to the waterfront.                                      silt and clay particles and it determines what type          the ecosystem. As land mass erodes, the material
                                                                          of vegetation will be able to take root. Furthermore,        that is removed is deposited somewhere else on the
             The Shore Zone                                               the firmness of the bottom is an important con-              landscape. Soil erosion results in the loss of
             The shore zone is   a buffer area between the                sideration in choosing areas for recreational use.           valuable topsoil and sedimentation increases the tur-
             fastland and the water. The shore width (measured                                                                         -bidity of the water and can harm aquatic life. Tur-
             from the fastland towards the water) fluctuates      with    Vegetation                                                   bidity decreases the amount of light available for
             the daily tides. The seaward limit of the shore zone                                                                      plants and sediment clogs the gills of fish.
             is the break in slope between the steeper shore      sur-    Aquatic and upland vegetation were inventoried in              Succession is the natural progression of vegetation
             face and the more gently sloped near shore.                  this study. Both submerged aquatic and emergent              types to the climax community which is indigenous
               In this 'study, the shore has been classified as           vegetation were encountered in the field. Each of            to the area. A mixed hardwood forest is the climax
             beach, natural shore or marsh. The distinction be-           these types play a vital role in maintaining the             community of this region and is the dominant
             tween beach and natural shore is an important one.           health of an estuarine system. Likewise, the mixed           vegetative cover found on the inshore regions of the
             The natural shore is an extension of the fastland; a         hardwood forests of the upland are important as              Harford County shoreline. These areas were iden-
             beach is formed by material deposited by the rivers          they provide a habitat for wildlife and protect the          tified, but the actual stage of succession was not
             as they move toward the sea. The beaches in Har-             fastland from erosion.                                       determined.
                                                                                                                                                                                                 7

                          Harford County Waterways

                          Harford County is fortunate in having a                                                                                One and one-half miles south of the Maryland/
                          geographical location that places it in close proximi-                                                               Pennsylvania line is the mouth of Broad Creek.
                          ty to major waterways. Portions of the Susquehan-                                                               Z    Broad Creek drains the northeastern corner of Har-
                          na, Bush and Gunpowder Rivers flow through the                                                                       ford County and is one of the county's main stream
                          County. In addition the County borders on the                                                               t.1      valleys. Steep slopes frame most of the creek's
                          Chesapeake Bay. Each waterway is unique in that                                                                      shoreline. A number of tributaries run into the
                          flow characteristics, species of wildlife supported,                                                                 creek. The stream banks are quite heavily wooded,
                          or length and width of waterbody may differ.                                                                         providing shelter for wildlife and creating areas of
                          However, all the County waterways are tied                                                                           great natural beauty. The Broad Creek Steatite
                          together into a beautiful but fragile natural system.
                                                                                                                                               Quarry, a prehistoric Indian Quarry used from
                          This system is often under stress from land use ac-                                                                  2,000 to 1,000 B.C., is also situated on the creek.
                          tivities that occur on the shore and negatively alter
                                                                                                                                               There is also a Boy Scout Camp.
                          the balance of the system.                                                                                             From the mouth of Broad Creek west approx-
                            This chapter on Waterways discusses features of                                                                    imately 300 feet beyond the bridge on Route 623,
                          the Rivers and Bay and examines the adjoining                                                                        the banks of the creek are dotted with residential
                          shoreline.                                                                                                           structures. Some of these cabins appear to have
                                                                                                                                               been built about forty years ago while others are
                          Susquehanna RiverlBroad Creek                                                                                        more modern. Initially, these cabins were built as
                                                                                                                                               seasonal residences but over the years they have
                          The Susquehanna River is the largest river in the                                                                    been converted to year-round use.
                          eastern United States. It is a major water resource                                                                    The majority of the land immediately fronting on
                          not only for Harford County and the State of                                                                         Broad Creek is owned by the Philadelphia Electric
                          Maryland but also for Pennsylvania and New York.                                                                     Company. The Company leases the land to in-
                          The Susquehanna River Basin extends 160 miles to                                                                     dividuals who wish to build or purchase a cabin
                          the west (near Altoona, Pennsylvania) and 225                                                                        there. During the summer months, the Broad Creek
                          miles to the north (near Binghamton, New York).                                                                      area is very busy with recreational activity. The
                          The river drains an area of 27,500 square miles:
                                                                                                                                       4@      waters at the mouth of the creek are excellent for
                          6,300 in New York; 20,900 in Pennsylvania; and                                                                       canoeing, boating and fishing. The County Depart-
                          300 in Maryland. The drainage basin in Maryland                                                                      ment of Parks and Recreation maintains a boat-
                          includes parts of both Harford and Cecil Counties.                                                                   launching facility there. A short distance below the
                            The average flow of the Susquehanna River is         25                                                            mouth of the Broad Creek, along the Susquehanna
                          billion gallons per day. During the period that                                                                      River, there is a private marina offering daily boat
                          records have been kept, the flow has varied from       a
                                                                                                                                               rentals.
                          low of one billion gallons per day in 1932 to 536                                                                      A notable change in the shoreline is found in
                          billion during the flood of 1936. At least fifty per-                                                                Hopkins Cove, immediately above the Conowingo
                          cent of the fresh water entering the Chesapeake Bay                                                                  Dam. Much debris has collected in the cove. Old
                          comes from the Susquehanna.                                                                                          logs, brush, plastic bottles and metal drums have
                            The Conowingo Dam is situated at a point ap-                                                                       washed downriver from the upstate region. In the
                          proximately five miles south of the Maryland/Penn-         County shoreline is heavily wooded    and the ground      past, such debris has been a problem to both the
                          sylvania line. Between this line and the dam, the          rises sharply from the water's edge.  The vegetation      Philadelphia Electric Company, which operates the
                          river is relatively calm and reaches a depth of            is mixed hardwood forest made up primarily of oak-        dam, and property owners in Havre de Grace
                          seventy feet. The Peach Bottom Atomic Power                hickory and beech-maple associations. The water-          where much of the debris eventually settles. The
                          Plant is on the river north of the Maryland line       and front land is owned by the Philadelphia Electric          problem is most severe in early spring when ice
                          is visible in the distance. In this area, the Harford      Company and is dotted with cabins.                        begins to thaw and release trapped debris.
                                                                                                                                                                                                       8

                                                                                                 N,

                                                                                                                                                         o

                                                                                                            @v

                                                           .1

                                                                                                                         ol

                                                                 N      -N       I N,                                                                    ooo

                                                                             'IN

                                                                                                                                            o,

                                                                                                                YI
                                                                                               IN

                                                                                              @N,

                                                                                                                          e r
                                                                                                                        r r
                                                                                        e,,J                             r              Z,
                                                                                                                           r r

                                                                               Cr
                                                                                            r-       r               1,r r rr
                                                                                   rr

                                                                         r

                                                                      F-
                                                                                                        f- r A
                                                                                          c r
                                                                                          er
                                                                         r,   r
                                                                                                                              Cr

                                                                 r             r  ,-rr  r -r                 rl-
                                                                r                                 r r
                                                                                        r    f,

                                                                                                                                        N,z
                                                               Cr                                                                       N

                                                                                                     10
                                                                                                             kr

                                                                  J

                                                                                                                                 4A

        @- f 'r . '"        -
                                                                                                                                                                              rr                                       r r
        r r                                                                                                                r                                                                          rl .,rl-                                     r rr
         ,-.t   r           r      r                              e, -                                              rr                        er          r-c                                 C- r'r -                                               r
                            ', rr       rrWr r                    r                   r             "i' -           r                                                         Ire                                      r           -w              r
                            r -'r Ir
                                                                                   r                E                      r                                                                  rr                       re'                   r,_
                            Ir r             r                    r r                                                                                                                                                  Ir    r
                                         r                                                                                 r                                                                  J-j
                                                                                                                    r r                                                       rr              r-                       I (r  -        F, CY
                                                                                                                    r                                                                         r r                      r                    r        r
                                                                                    r             r                 f                         re     r rf                                                     r        r F         r,r-r r
                            r         r           r er                                                              rrl                       r- r "',,,-r
                                                                                                                                                                                              -,,-r     r r'                 rr rt        rr
                                                                                                                                                                                              .- I'-   'I r,
                                                                                                                                                          -I' r F
                                                                                                                                              r 4",  r .
                                                                                                                                              r(' le: , r :- ,
                                                                                                                                              , - r,-' I                                      r             -r         '@ r
                                                                                             rr te                                                   r
                                                    If-                                                                                              -                        C.       el     -
                                                      r r f                                                                                                                   rr r     r
                                                                                                                           r-er                                               -f-r,           I
                            q                                                                                                                                                 yr              ry        -t                   rr                                  'r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             V.
                                                                                                                                              I                                                                              Fr 'r                            *.- -w
                                                                                                    r                                                                         cr,,-              C, rl  .
                                                                  c.r                                                                                                         "E"r            li elt
                                                                                                                                                          rr r,

                                                                                                                    r.L
                                        -rr
                                                                  rr                                                       rl                 r e    rr r r-
                                                                  C-' r                                             I                                                         r        'r
                e r         r                                     r r                                                                                                                         r
                            ri @   $                                                                                -c-
                                                                                                                                              rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               r      r
                                                                  rl- c                                                                                                       rr                                                                         -e I          r
                                                                      r r
                                                                      r                                             r.                                                                                                                                       jr

       r r

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       l'
                            r      r                r -1                                                                                      r, r                            1.
                                                                            r     rp           r r                  r                         re     er                                                                      r     I
                                                                      I     r,                                                                                                                                                     ee' r
                                                                                 I r,,,     , / r,                  r, re, r
            r rr 4P                0                                        li                                                                       r                                 r
                                                                  rr
                                                                                                                                              F4                                                                             r
                                                                                                 r_r                r                                                                                                                                  5-
                            Fr     4                                                                                                          ,      - "@ - i                 rIr
                                     19                                                                                    rr                                                 rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                fe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          r  Pr    rr 1'rrr             r,l
                                                                                            rr                      of,
                                                                            -r                                                                            rrr                 r@ell
                                                         rr,                'r,                                                                                                        r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             I

                                                                      rr S
                                                                            I r      r r
                                                Ir                                                    _r            r      t rr                                               Ir'r     rl- r- r ry
                            r,,-                                                               rr                   _r     rf                                                 r
                                                                                                ,r
                                              r    rr                                                               rr                        r-                              -- -
                                                                                                                           I I                , (- - ,r ' ,                   I,, ,                                    r           ,Ir
                                                                                                                                              r      r rr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     rr
                                                                                                                    rx     j,
                                                                                                                                                                              r
                                                                                                                    r '+e@
                                                                                                                           f-:                r      rr   r,r
               r-i                 r
                                                                                                                    r'X -                     r      V ef                     r ir     r c
                r           C"     r                                                                                                                                          j- r r, ere
                            r r                                   f r
                                                                                                                           r                                                  r

                                                                                                                                              r r

                r-r                                  r                          r -'r     1@
                                                                  ,r-rr                   rr-
                                                                                                                    r                                                                             r
                                     rr             r
                                                                                                  r
                                                                                                                    f ,-                      @@
                                                                                                                                                                                              4@r
                                                                                 re r
                                                                              -rr '                                                           ,      . .-c, f                 -        r0
                                                                                                                                              7-r,
                                      rr i       r r r,           re" rr
                                                                            - ;:---r -                                                        e I
                                         4-                                                                         rr                        rI
                            r r     c                                                                                                                     er c
                                   rr                                                         r er                                            r
                                                                                                                                              rr                                                                                             "hv

                            re                                                                r
                            r

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Al

              AL

                                                                                                                                                          pr
                                                                                                                                                                              ott-

                                                       91,        1. 1 ol"                                          PF

                                                                                                                                                      LO'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ol
                                                                                                                                                      4
                                                                                                                                                                       Z
                                                                                                                                                      I--. L
                                                                                                                                                      L II--
                                                                               e                                                                                                     to,
                                                                                r
                                                                                                                                                         A
                                                                              r

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0

                                                                                                                                                                        JL

                                                                                                                                                                                                 0,-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0'

                                                                                                                                                                                00'
                                                                *  .4            rr                                                                   00@0 1@0

                                                                                 or                                                                                       000
                                                                                Icc@                                                                         ol

                                                                                                                                                      0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4    '1          '1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4            '1

                                                                                            1                                                                                                        4

                                                                                                                                                      r

                                                                                                                                                      E kCc
                                                                                                                                                                                                     . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                      ,rc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4
                                                                                                                                                                            'e
                                                                                                                                                             for
                                                                                                                                                                                                (or k
                                                                                                                                                      rIf 1(r of 1,, 1-1, (Itre9, e I
                                                                                                                                                      1,L                                I
                                                                                                                                                                e                                                                      '1         4

                                                                                                                                                                                                r
                                                                                                                                                                 %
                                                                                                                                                         t
                                                                                                                                                      CLA           r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           '1    4
                                                                                                                                                                                       IF,

                                                                                                                                                                                                   IF                  1                      4
                                                                                              r
                                                                                                                                                                                1                                           4
                                                                                                                                                                                             ( I  r (               (r
                                              A I                                                                                                     r                  t                                          -rIl                            4           4
                                                                                                                                                                                  I i 1-t "  (I r  C, " (           I
                                                                                                                                                      -le
                                      A
                                                                                                                                                                                       Cc     e,
                                                                                                                                                      ft 1, C,

                                                                                                                                                      t                                                                     ft

                                                                                                                                                      r
                                                                                                                                                      C
                                                                                                                                                      le
                                                                                                                                                      ti
                                                                                                                                                      (r or .. it
                                                                                            Ti                                                        e eto         1,                                                                          1
                        4"
                                                                                                                                                                                            e  (t                                  I
                                                                                           r                                                          fe
                                                                                                                                                                                            t, C                                               L OL
                                                                                             e                                                        f I
                                                                                                                                                      -(
                                                                                                                                                      r-to CI(II
                                                                                                                                                      ir" 1                                                               t(< I"
                                                                                                e                                                     e
                                                                                                                                                      I r @-,                                                                                              r
                                                                                                                                                      cIr
                                                                                                                                                      eIr
                                                                                                                                                      e
                                                                                                                                                      If, <
                                                                                                                                                                                    e
                                                                                                                                                      e                                                             r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ,I%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          r'l-
                                                                                                                                                               '13   k,
                                4
                                                                                                                                                      el
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               tI C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    41, 1,
                                                                                                                                                                    L
                                                                                                                                                                                    I( r
                                                                                        le                                                                                                          'r

                                                                                                     fe
                                                                                                     .                                                (tr                                                                 If
                                   'vg'                        IVP                         ?    I I  I , , If
                                                                                                                                                                                    e
                                                                                                                                                                                           IL                       r I:I
                                                                L4                                                                                                                                                  ,I((I IIC Iof
                                                                                                                                                      Itr
                                                                                                                                                                                   ft   - I                         (I,I .
                                                                                         ry                                                                                                                         k
                                                                                                                                                      tI
                                                                                                                                                      eI((I                    r,      ,  I
                                                                                                                                                      f-
                                                                                                                                                      I% ks I I t C (t(
                                                                                                                                                      1 1 (I' I,L
                                                                                                                                                                           T.

                                                                              0                                                                       of 'CCr -f( If !It I.                                            of

                                                                                         -I-
                                                                                                                                                      e
                                                                                                                                                      e
                                                                                                                                                      'e'

                                                                                                                                                              4u.45t-:- W-Ao             "A      AA4,4.,
                                  Ay                                                                                                                       1, -                         - , "                                   I AM

                                                                                                                                ZVI
                                                                      'a
                                                                       M"
                                                                                                                                                                                     N            tj
                                                                                                           F r
                                                                                                                              P,
                                                                                                                                          rrr   I  r                r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 r
                                                                  @y
                                                                                                                                                                                              er

                                                                                                                                                                                                            -o- -
                                                                                                                                    r      r      rr'
                                                                                         -r           r-ICI                         r                                                        r, r                                rr
                                                                                                                                                                                               -fr
                                                                                                                                                                                re
                                                                                                                                  r
                                                                                                                                                     -I-          r          -     -,@ r r^
                                                                                                                                             rr. ;..,                                                          r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 r
                                                                                              of                                      C
                                                                                                                             ror                                                rr
                                                                                                      rf%                                              -r                                                   r r
                                                                                                                           re                                                       rl        Irr '
                                                                                                                                                                                                       r r

                              Ll

                                                                                                                                                                r:
                                                                                                                                                                    -   r .- (_  _  _ : r
                          N                                                                                                                        r'r 'e -e   r,
                                                                                                               rr r
                                                                                                                                              Vr.. I
                                                                                                                                                                                               I:,
                                                                                                                                                                                             r -"I
                                                                                                                                                                         +e

                                                                                                                                                                             -4-r
                                                    r r@'                                                                                j                              r -1;         rr
                                                                                                      rr                                                  r   t-r -@ @,                      . r '@' ,
                                                                     t r                                                a 'j-                                 r              r       -e re
                                                                             -: , r
                                                                        cc
                                                                                                         r Cr
                                                                       rr
            0                                                                                                1: rr@
                                                                                                                       -' 'j       "',
                                                                                                                                                                                                  eir,
                                                           re                           r                   r,,,r         1,      Ttj -
        ,:,1, 0                                            r                   r r F
                                                  rr    r A-    7,    r           -                           f-           -j- -,.j.    -      -   ,  .7   @'j
                                                                                                                                                                                        r
                                                                            Cr      r t-,,fr  r 'r,@
         ID                                       I      ,,-   r 1,  ,                         -
                                                                           'A'@ or, I      e f
                                                                                       r, r
                                                                                                                                                                             _j

                                                IN
                                                                            ri-

                                                                                                                                                                                                        -j

                                                                                                                 ,r
                       NN:

                                                                                                                                                                                       J-

                                                                                                                                                                             0

                                                                                                                                                                    r
                                     SIN

                                                                    "3                                                                                                       1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   -j  j
                                                                                                                   J1,37..J,
                                                                                                                                                                                                 %
                                                           jjj
                                                                                                                                                                             kl
                                                                                                                                                                                   L.E

                                                                                                   44                .44

                                     X-1

                          IV
      r 'A               'IV
             r
                                                        V   v V v                   v
        rr
              Cl
     -fl

              rI r                                                       r r
                                                                   re,
        r-pf @,r, I ",                                                ,,.r,
      5-T                                                                           r
                                17
                                             r                     j@,      C rrk

                                                                      Is

                                                                                                  -1 zf

                                                                                       'K

                                                                                                                    y-Y

                                                                                       '10                         -o

                                                          IN

                                                           IN:
                                                                Nll

                                                                                                            IIrli
                                                                                                   It
                                                                                  1@1 NNI
                                                                                           nli,                      v

                                                           Is:

                                                                                                                                                                               .  , -, , @, --, 4 -@
                                                                                                                                      'N N.

                                                                                                                                                                                    -Os?, -
                                                                                                                        -11     4N

      r a
                                                                          "CA                                                                                                  In-'n
                                                 '01
                                                                                                    IN
                                                                                                                   47

                                 le, rr
                                                                                                                     I;n

                                                                                      L"I
                                   r        IV'      r
                                                                                     It
                                          - I  -r     A, 4 'Ir    t  1, 1  - I "   1-i , , " ;       I ,"A          I %-@ ,  .  , "      . ,- , ,
                           r                       e7             tI-                     L,1     i'%@

                                                         r  I
                                                                                     I
              14
                                                                                                                                           N  N-A
                                                                                                                                                                                                   -,@l
                                                                                                                          'I  "IN                                                         el)   -N-N   y% -N
                                             e           r;
                        rr,

                                                                                                                                                                                                         IN,
                   iL

                                                                                                                        4k

                                                                                                                                                                           17,

                                                                                                                                                                                                     IN I

                                                        ZO
                                                    1   @3 J

                                                        ye
                                                                           IJ                                                                                e

                                                                                             r r e-r
                                                                                                            .4-      c  (         ."t, (,
                                                                                                r                  i r  C
                                                                                             -Ir    r' e                        rt4 ,    (  or
                                                                                                               -  j
                                                                  er,                    -J,-,

                                                                                                                                                rr
                                                                               r

                                                                                                                                                                         Ism

               Susquehanna RiverlConowingo Dam
               to Havre de Grace
               Though the Conowingo Dam successfully tames the
               mighty Susquehanna River upstream, its wildness is
               uncontained below the dam to Havre de Grace
               where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The fact
               that a dam structure 4,648 feet long and 105 feet
               high is required to impound the river's flow is a
               testament to the awesome power of the Susque-
               hanna.
                 The dam has two effects on the visual character
               of the river downstream. The most obvious is that
               the visual continuity of the river and shoreline is
               broken by such an imposing structure. A more sub-
               tle effect is the dam's alteration of the river's flow
               characteristics. When the Philadelphia Electric
               Company does not spill water for a long period of
               time, the stream channel below the dam becomes
               virtually empty. At times it is possible to walk from
               Harford to Cecil County across a nearly dry river
               bed. Undoubtedly, it would have been a rare occa-
               sion in the river's history if such a condition had
               existed prior to the dam's construction.
                 Over the years both fishermen and Maryland                mercially in Maryland in 1889, prior to major dam           Conowingo Dam, but decided to defer resolution of
               agencies have criticized the low-water conditions           construction on the Susquehanna. Three dams were            the question while going forward with issuing a
               which have caused fish kills in the lower Sus-              constructed on the Susquehanna River in Penn-               new license for the dam. A public hearing is
               quehanna. As recently as July 1980, during a                sylvania in the early 1900's, blocking access to            scheduled for late 1981 to determine the status of
               48-hour period, an estimated 16,959 white perch,            upstream spawning areas. Since that time,                   anadromous fishery in the Susquehanna River basin
               1310 striped bass, 1208 menhaden and 162 carp               American shad fishery in the Susquehanna River              and what measures, if any, would be required of the
               died in the river. The Maryland Department of               has declined to extremely low levels. (In addition to       licensees.
               Natural Resources, Tidewater Administration/Tidal           the physical obstruction of migration, problems of             Further downstream, the dam drops out of sight.
               Fisheries Division concluded that the fish kill was         water quality and fishery management also appear            Steep banks, sloping to the water's edge and
               caused by low levels of dissolved oxygen in the             to have contributed to the decline.)                        forested with mixed hardwoods, confine the view so
               water, resulting from low-flow conditions.                    A number of studies of the decline of the                 that the only vistas are up and down river. These
                Another concern expressed by various govern-               anadromous fishery resources and the feasibility of         spectacular banks are covered with lush vegetation
               mental agencies and fishers alike is the need for      a    such passage facilities have been conducted by-state        which is interrupted by rock outcropping that
               fish ladder at the Conowingo Dam. Large numbers,            and federal agencies, the licensees of the Conow-           reveals the region's geologic history. Along this por-
               of anadromous fish once migrated up the Sus-                ingo Dam and others. The interested parties con-            tion of the river, human presence is marked only by
               quehanna River to spawn. They travelled through             tinue to hold differing positions on the economic           a few houses and an occasional corn field set high
               Maryland and Pennsylvania and often as far                  feasibility and technical suitability of installing fish-   on top of the steep banks.
               upstream as New York. Records of the National               passage facilities at the Dam. The Federal Energy              The point where Deer Creek flows into the Sus-
               Marine Fisheries Service indicate that over 7               Regulatory Commission (FERC) addressed the issue            quehanna roughly marks the fall line, which
               million pounds of American shad were taken corn-            during the recent relicensing procedures of the             separates the Coastal Plain from the Piedmont
                                                                                                                                                                                               15

                          Uplands Region. Below this transition line the river
                          is subject to the tidal action of the bay. The mouth
                          of Deer Creek is rocky and can be treacherous due                                    -4-
                          to the combined swift currents of the creek and the
                          river. The creek itself is navigable only by canoe.
                            The Deer Creek River valley contains some of
                          the richest farmland in the state. A recent study by
                                                                                                                                         tA
                          the Maryland Department of Natural Resources           ad-
                          dressed the uniqueness and beauty of this valley.
                          The Deer Creek Scenic River Study made recom-
                          mendations for the management and conservation of
                          the creek. As a result, the Deer Creek Scenic River
                          Advisory Board was formed. A group of farmers
                          and landowners was appointed to monitor land use
                          near the creek. In addition, county legislation has
                          established a buffer strip extending 150 feet on
                          either side of the creek.
                            Moving further into the Susquehanna River,           four
                          distant bridges become visible, signaling the'
                          presence of Havre de Grace. In contrast to the         Con-
                          owingo Dam, these structures seem light, almost
                          gracious. The eastern-most bridge is the approx-
                          imate point at which the City of Havre de Grace
                                                                                                                                                                               -.-Aw _W
                          begins. Havre de Grace is located just east of where
                          the Piedmont ends and the Coastal Plain begins.
                          Since the Plain is lower and flatter than the Pied-
                                                                                                                                                                         Za
                          mont, Havre de Grace has a much different
                          character than any of the areas upstream.
                            Havre de Grace was planned perhaps as early as
                                                                                                                                                                                                 ISM,
                          1785, but certainly by 1795. In Tidewater
                          Maryland, there is a special physical relationship
                          between the water and the town on the shore.
                          Several historic buildings combined with the uni-
                          que plan of the town recreate in Havre de Grace
                          the experience of life in the early days of the           "shipyard" and the Seneca Warehouse, as well as           this point. The Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal
                          region. The plan provided for a series of two-way         the shoreline configuration remain as they were           terminated at Havre de Grace and the city was
                          vistas. More than twenty streets not only allow           drawn in 19th-century atlases.                            served by both the B&O and PW&B railroads.
                          those in town to look out onto the water, but also          Havre de Grace survives from a time when the              Today, U.S. Route 40 and the Amtrak System
                          allow those on the water to look into the town.           Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries were a primary         loom above the town and the river on their respec-
                          With its docks, bulkheads and piers, the town             transportation system. Havre de Grace has been a          tive bridges. Some commercial water traffic still
                          literally reaches out into the water, creating a very     commercial service center at the crossing of major        passes Havre de Grace and an ever-increasing
                          special relationship between the natural and the          transportation since the 17th century when it was         number of pleasure boats fills the waterways. The
                          constructed environment. While the coal and ice           known as Susquehanna Lower Ferry. The Old Post            town is a navigational landmark, indicating the up-
                          wharves no longer exist, the "town wharf," the            Road to Philadelphia crossed the Susquehanna at           permost shores of the Chesapeake Bay.
                                                                                                                                                                                                  16

                                                                                                                              V       V V v

                                                                                                                                                                  r
                                                                                                                                                                f-r

                                                                                                                                r     r
                                                                                                                'r e    -4
                           rl-
                                                                                                                                                                   r r

                                             f             r
                             r'        1r    r             r r
                                                    r-,
                                                             rr  r'      r'      'rr  r r

                                                                                                                                                                     e 4,

                                                                                                                                                          r
                                               r,T.
                                                                                                                                                                                   e r
                                                                     r    r    r
                                                                       r
                                                         rr,
                                                                    rr rt                     r r,
                                                                                                                        rr (-I" r  r-         r^
                                                                                                                         f'           F -,,    I              r,-
                                                                                                                           r - (  r r
                                                                                                   r,       r                                          (<rC
                                                                                                    , - ,               -  -r  ,   '_ -

                                                                          'ir r
     I J -1                                                                                                 r     r
                                                                           Ir
                                                                                                                                                                              r yl
                                                    r                                            C, r    _rr" r-,- r                                                            r,r r
                                             rr,                                       r        rr                                          r
                                                                             j r
                               r                  r
              a J",                                                            c , r I   Ir

                                                                                                     rr
                                                  It,

                                                                 rr                                                  er
                                                                                                       It-

           r r                                                                                r,:r                                             ri-I
                                                                                    f r
                                                  r
                                                                                                , . 1, f, r r                                                           C r I
                                                                                                                                      ,r, r

                                                                                                                               r rf

                                                     11--Ir                                      r
                                                                                                                                 t @  r
                                    rr'
                            e-
                                                                                                                                                                                rl
                                                                r                             r Fr            r-,                                     r.
                                                                r,                                                            rf  - r   , 1, r
                                                                         rr            ',,-r  r   r           -1                      - "  I r, .
                                                                                                                                                                              r
                cr
                                     k                                  r                                                     rr
                                                                                                                                           r r

                                                                                                                                       Xj

                                r                                                                                                                            LA
                                                                                                       -r                                             L.                              41
                                                                                                                             Cr
                                                                                                                                            tr, i C                                   rl

                            fr
                                                                                                                                                                         A

      F'r

                                                                 C,r

                                   OFA

                                                                                                                                                  Vy 7-,.- io,

                                                                                    "10c,

                                                                            MAIL a9mmah, Ohl'

                                                                                                             'fr'

                                                         )jW

                                                     PIP7

                                                                           'Rik

                                                                                                              ON

                                                                                                               'Rib,

                                                                                                                                                             'IN
             P-- 40\\

                           6                                                                                                  Ilk,

                              0'1@' 0

                                                                                                                                       V M - , NO

                                                                                   Z
                                                            r                                        fe r, r    @rt
                                                                                                                r
                                                          A,                              -,e  r     I r

                                       er Ir
                                 Jr. e                                                             e
                                                                           e@ A,

                                  r

                                           r                                                                    f"
                                                                  r; r                               r                                   r                         X x

                                                                           r                 r
                                                                                                    r
                                                                                                  r                               14

                                                                                                                                            r
                                                                                                                        rW            rr                       A

                                                                                                                        i r
                                                                                                                        c4

                                                                                            r

                                                                                                         p
                                ri
                                                                                             r       v@  _rz-       k. r P
                   A ir rr                                                         f l r I'                     rr
                                                                                                                      F,              r
                                                                                                             r
                        rl r,                                                                         el@ f '   - I  I                "
                       r
                                                                                                                              ',rr
                                                                                                                                 el
                                                                                                             r, r

                    F                                                                                                                                                                         IN
                                  I
                                                                                                                              e 1:
                                                                                                                                                                            " ox

                                                                                                             rlr

                                                                                                                    j 7,

                                                                                                                  T      f
                                       Cr,  'Y
                                                   te

                                  v, 11
                                                                                   e r   tr 1 r
                                           eiA                     rr                ,i,, ,,   r.   I.,            r,
                                                                                         rv
                                                                                         i  rr
                                    r                      (,e I                                A  IS
                                   r                                    'Cl   C  41                               "r
                                              @e( Ice(
                                                                                      r
                                                              'Ir - ,             r(l-r
                                                                         rrr r4r      ,
                                                                               I-IL E
                                               er                                   r-r
                                                      @@ -, 1, r I       ir
                                                     I @rc     I4e,                   I 'I @1@

                                                                                                                                 Mm

                                                                                                                                                                                                          0

                                                                                                                                                                                                          0.
                    !101@
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00

                                                                                                                                                                                                          00
                                                                                                                                                                                                          000
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00
                                                                                                                                         o                                                                ooo0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0000
                                                                                                                                                                                                          000
                                                                                                                                         0                                                                00000
                                                                                                                                                                                                          000000

                                                                                                                                                                                                          0000
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0000
                                                                                                                                                                                                          000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00a0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0 0 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00 0                            -80
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0/ A&000 o              o       a, 0_
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0000
                               qo@                                                                                                                                                                                                00      0 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          C0000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  00      0 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          000
                                                                                                                                                                                                          /* 0                    000     00
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0     0                 00        0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0o
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0  0                    000     00
                                                                                                                                                                                                          400
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00    0                 000     0 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0* 0                    000     *0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          000   0                 000     0 0
                                                                                                         S(
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0049                    004     00
                                                                                            I    t v,                                                                                                     00                      000     * 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0  0                    00a     00
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1_0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00    0                 900     0 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          444
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0  0                    000     00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                0                 *00     0 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00 0                    000     00
                                                                                                                                                                                                          @44
                                                                                                                                                                                                          00    0                 000     0 0

                                                                                                                                                                                                          49    0                 00      0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                          90 0                    000     00
                                                                                                                                                                                                          L4
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1_4444
                                                                                                                %L #Y
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0                       00      0    0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          L(Cs4440                00 0
                                                                                                              rl                                                                                          tIt44                   000     0
                                                                                It,           I
                                                                                                                                                                                                          r 1. 11444              oeoo    0    0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1.1
                                                                                                  AL                                   k,k, % ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                          A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                0                 000     00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0000    0    0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                0                 00      0
                                                                                                                   tt1                                                                                                            00
                                                                                                                                                                                                          04                      00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  000
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Q
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  000
                                                                       Li                                                                                                                                                         N,0o         0
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                          El                                                                                                                                                                                      000          0

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0

                                                                 k                                                      Ir X  It  't
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  049

                                                                                            IL
                                                                         kj.

                                                                                                                                                                                                          4L
                                                                         C-1
                                                         L  I
                                                           (                                                       ( E %  - (              , ,                                                            (@,t If@- , - .-I . -   I'-

                                                                                                      IL, Z
                                                                                                                                                                                                          14
                                                                                                                        it
                                                                   f     I                                                 Xif%                                                                           'N
                                                                           I C IL

                                                                                                                                                                                                          of 00,

                                                                                 't                                                                                                                                                            ol

                                                                                                                                                                                                          rcr
                                                                                                                                                                                                          @1@ , ,1, "r

                                                                  Ll

                                                                                                                                                                                                          r r

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Of

                                                                                                                    4;@

                          0000

                          0000 0                                              00(-
                                                                              000(-
                                                                              oooo(-
                          00   0        04      0    a 0   0                  00000(--
                          000.0                                               000000c,
                          00-ooo        0                                     00000
                          0000 0        00                                    0000
                          00                                                  0000
                                                     0 0                      0000
                          0000 0        06           0     0                  0000
                                                                              0,
                          0 *000        0                                     0000
                                                                              000
                                                                              0
                          W""/O -00000                                        0
                                                                              oooocl-
                                                                              000C
                          0000000                                             00000(l
                          000  0                                              0ooo@
                          00
                          0000000                                             000c,
                                                                              000 ooo(-
                                                -    -                        000 0000c"                                       . . .....
                          0000000       00 0 0       41 0 0                       0000  0@
                          0e00                                                ()Ooo 00000
                                                                                  0
                          0000000       00 0    0                             00  000000
                                                                              00
                          0000000       00 0 0                                000 00000
                                                                              000 oooo(-/
                          0000000       00 0    0                             000000 00 C,
                          000a00        0a 0 *                                0a000 0
                          0000000       0 * 0   0                             LO0000 0

                                        000 0        0 0 0                    000 -0000(-
                                        00 0    0    00 0   0                 0   00000(-
                                        000     0    0 0 0                    0   000000(-
                                        000     0    00 0                         0000000
                                                     0                        0a0000oooooooc@
                                        00      0                                 0000000( L---)

                                        r                                           00000                                                  r
                                                                              - - - -000000007/
                                                                                            00
                                                                                        000000C
                                                                                        00000()c
                                                                              0         00000C

                                                                                  00 DOOOOC
                                                                                        DOOOOC5),\-
                                                                                            000000(9"Wlj@
                                                                                    00      0000000
                                                                              0000, 0000    0000000
                                                                                  0000      00000
                                                                              0000
                                                                                  0000               0000
                                                     00     0                 000           0        000000
                                                                                  0000
                                                                              00  0000      0        000000
                                                                              0   0000      00       0000000

                                                     00    00                 0000)00000000          @0000000
                                                       0   0                  0a00D00000000          0000000
                                        ........                                                     oooooooo6u@.@ooM
                                                                              0   00000000
                                                                                                     0
                                                                                  00000000           000000000000or
                                                     0 0   0                  000 00000000           0OOOOOOOOOOOC(
                                        . . . . . . .....0000                 00  00000000           00 00000000000(
                               ... . . . . . . . . .
                                                       w t 0                                         ;--(j  0000000000(
                                                     0     00                 0 0 0 0@@Dooooooo      000 0000000000(
                                                     0 0   0                  0 00                   0000   00            Ic
                                                                                  00000000           0000  000000000
                                                                                  00000000                   000000
                                                                                  OOOOOOOOQ          0000   0000000001
                                                                              000 0000088                    00000000,
                               .. ....                                                               0 00
                                                                              100 00000              00 0    000000000(--
                                                                                                     000000                    U
                                                                                  00000000                   00000000000
                                                                                                                               0
                                                                                                               00000000000
                                                                                                                               0 0
                                                                                                               000000000 0 0
                                        ......       0 0                      00        0                       00000000
                                                                                                                               0000,-
                                                     0                        0000      0   0        a000   0   000000000000C
                                                                                                                                     C
                          .................
                                                                                                                000000000000C
                                                     0     00                                                   00000000000C).
                                                     0                        0000      0   0        4
                                                                                                                000000000000
                                                       0   0                                                    00000000000cr----
                                                                                                                               ol
                          ......                                                                                0000000000
                          .... .                                                                                00
                                                                                                                   0      000 ool)@
                                        000     0                             00                                     0000000c,
                                        0       0                             00                                0         0000c,
                                                                                                                000       ooouuuuuuuo@
                                                                                                                   0000000
                                                                                                                               800

                                                                                                                ooouu                00000
                                        00                                    o00                               000                  nnnnnc

                          40                                                                                         00000@-
                          000a0'a 0     000          0     0 0                00  0     0 0                     000000000 CAJI
                          0 0                                                       0                          00000000000000C
                          0000          0 00    9    0 0   0                  %*000     0 0                    00000000000000C
                          '07
                          0000 's       0*0     0    0     00                 0 0000    0   0                  00000000000000C
                          00'a 0 0      0 00    0    0 0   0                  0000  e   0   0                  00000000000000(
                          6.000o :0 0                                                                          00000000000000
                          0000 0                           0-                                                  00000000000000
                                                                                                               ooooooooooooocl
                          0 0  0        000     0    00    00                 0000      0                      OOOOOOOOOOOOOC
                          000*0 0       000     0    0 0   0                  0009                             0000000000000C
                          0000 00       000     0    00    00                 000                              00000000000000
                          000000 0      000     0    0 0   0                  000                              000000000000001@
                                                                                                               00000000000000(\
                                                                                                               000        000000000&
                          a000                                                      '00 10, ,OR, 116 @ f                              oul
                          0.                                                                                   -     .               0 (8@-
                          . ...... .......                                                                ol 0 -          0 0               1, "
                          ............                                                                                               000,
                                                                                                     0         0   0 0    0    0     0000
                          ... .......   000                                                                                          3000
                          0...                                                                             0   0   0 0    0          00000
                          00            000                                   00:           0        0 00      0          0 0  0     DOOO
                                                                                                                                     :)Oocl
                                                                                                                                     @10
                                                0                             000 0 0       0                                        00
                                                                              00    0   0                                            0                I-AL

                                                                                                                                     0
                                                                                                                                     c

                          0                                                   000           0        0 0 0                           oc,
                                                                              -9  to:-o                                              0(-
                                        00                                    000*          0        00 0   0                        00
                          0' 0 0 :      :                                     0000      0   0        0 0 0                           00C
                          aa   dh               M                             aaaaI a   0                                            00C
                                                                                                                                     00(
                          - - - - - --               - - -
                                                                                        w                                            00,
                          -00  0 11             10         0 0                000                                                    $)()Oo
                                                                              01-                    lo : 0 : 0

              Havre de Grace to Swan Creek Point

              The stretch of shore between Havre de Grace and
              Swan Creek Point is the only area within the Coun-
              ty's jurisdiction that borders the Chesapeake Bay.
              This is the single location in the county with a
              view of the great expanse of water that suggests the
              enormity of the bay. In contrast to the confined
              vistas which the rivers offer, this area is completely
              open with the Cecil County shore forming a
              backdrop on the horizon.
                The shore zone is predominantly natural, with a
              few short sandy and gravelly beaches. These
              beaches are often difficult to see because of the
              mature trees which overhang the shore. Extensive
                                                                                                                   f!t      Film
              submerged aquatic vegetation lines the shallow
                                                                                                           "M
              water's edge. Mixed hardwood vegetation covers a                                          -hl
              steeply recessed and bluffed inshore landscape.                                                            Z
              Bordering this shore are large farms and estates
              with lush green fields of crops. Heading southwest
              from Havre de Grace the steep banks rise gradual-
              ly. The bluff appears to reach its highest point
              (about 14 feet) near Oakington. From Oakington to
              Swan Creek Point the steep banks fall to an eleva-       L
              tion of two to three feet above sea level.
                Swan Creek Point is the only area that   does not
              contain hardwood trees; it is covered with succes-
              sional vegetation consisting of small shrubs and
                                                                                                   nom
              grasses. This vegetation and the varying bluff
              height add visual diversity to an otherwise constant
              segment of shore. The point is very narrow and ap-
              pears to draw the viewer inward, away from the
              bay and into the Swan Creek.

                                                                                                                                          P-0
                                                                                                                                               X

                                                                                                                                                                                       A
                                                                                                                                                              3-\Rlt@
                                                                                                                                                jow@
                                                                                                                                                                'b'd JAL
                                                                                                                                                                                    25

                                  A;' q@
                    t

                     pip-
         0-77-0-
         000000     0000 0(@O-
         0000000    F 70"00(l
         Q-QOOO     oooooo o5o.-t7@I

                         4        4                     0'
                         4
                         44'o
         0 0,0           4
                         'o
                         L        44
                         4
                         4        4
                                  44
                                  00441       0   0
         GL-V-l0-L  29 IN leA     44
         & 00*0:&   0*0  00000    100
            0 0     0    0
         Xt go      00   0O'ft

         w7w -0

              0

                    00   0

         00 vp0          00
                                         <>"
                    00
         0Ot0
         0          0             1owl
                                                            k-,    twl
            so           A@o so   0
              730
              0-    e
                    0

                         IV
         4;0040 0*0 440  00       0   04
                                  00

         0

                         000      000          0  04 4
                    0
         ........ .. ...

                                                                              41

                                                                              0
                                  000000  00         0 00 00a 0000 00000000   0
         0    0     0 0  09       0  00   0  0    ,Ole0lk 0 0 00 a00   0 0 0   0     0
         0 0  0 0 0 0             49 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0       0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0
         0 0                                                       0     0 0 0 0 0 0
         0
         0          0000 00000    0 00000 0000 0 0 000 00 000 0000 900  0 00 00    0 0 0

         0 0 0 0 0                0 0 0       0 0 0 0 0

         0               0 0 a        0        0       0 0 0 0       0 0 V 0 0   0 M,
         0 0 w      w    0 0       0                          0 0     0 0 0
         0
         000@000    0
                    000
              *0 -job
              0
            0
            0
              0
            0 J690

         0 9 0 0 0       00       0 0 0 0                0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0       0
         0 0 00          0        0 0 0 0 0   0             0 0 0 0 0 0 0
         0 0 0 0    0    0
         0 0 0 0 0 0 0            0 00 0      0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6, 0             0
         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0       0 0 0 0 0 4 0   0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0     0.      0 0

         0 0 0 0    0 0  0        00 0              a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0          0  0
         0-0-0-9    0* @ ,        00              0 0 0 0 0 -0, -0 -O-A--         M--dL- -

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  o

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AA                                                                                                                           Z
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AIAAAw

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AAA                                    O/oo"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AAA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AAAAAA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AAA                                                                                                              oool

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           o

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             o

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ool
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               oo/

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          o
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0                                                                    Olo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          @oo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          L                                      or,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        @o

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          -00'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ol                                oov        o'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ol I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ol ol
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          C"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           or
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          oool/                                                                                                                                                                   ool

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ooo ol
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          le"                                              oooF/@

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           OFz
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ol
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          '@o
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ool
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ooF"o

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               oooF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               M/oo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 5'r                                                                       o'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                                                                                                '4.4:.* f-@@'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44                                     o cr                                                                      -4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          *7-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ooo,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ';y
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          "o
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4444@J
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         M,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44444
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          krW
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44                                                                                                               A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4V*"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           V-8. '4k
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44                                                                                                                                                 7@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A4                                                                   00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44                                                                   Obb6oo(                                                      A*c
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44'4                                                                                                                                                                      V Lt:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          "IZZ4m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                                                    uu(.)OOOOC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44                                     444                           (-)Oouoooc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44':
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444                                    4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           -@uuuooo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                      4         00@0000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 444 0000000000                                                            00                                           E,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44                                     4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444                                    400000000000                                                              0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4444                                   4I-)u(-)Ooo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          I."-,j,4444444444444                   4400000                       -@uuuo                                      0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 000000                        00600000                                                                                 A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                      4000000                                                                                                     4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4444444                                                              00080000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n.4                                    440000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                      00000                         0000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44444                                                                000 0000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          -444                                             0000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4444                                   000                                                                                                         A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .4... . ..                                                                                                       AA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                      000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ---u(juooo,                                                               A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          -44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               -)Uoo,                                                  A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 uuooooooouooo                                                             A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 000                                                                                                         A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                      oooo-----UUOOO-                                                           A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 U0006
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4444                                   ooooo uu U000000                                                                      A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ooooo-1.)uuoo 00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44                                     uuoooo 0                                                                  A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4           4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             OTC 'j
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 00000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               A                                                       A                     0000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 -'Q@)0(-)C)OOI                                                            A                                 00000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          f. 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                                                                                                                   0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 OPOO                                                                                         000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                                                    A                                                       00000000000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                                                                                                              0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444                                                                                                                                                000000000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                                                                                                            000000000000                               000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           44          000000'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                                                                                                            000000000000000C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          144. . . .                                                                                                       0000000000000000C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44                                                                                                               OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC
                                                                                                     3                                                                                                                                                    44                                               4                                                               0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44444                                  4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4A4444                                 44                                                                                         OOOOOOOOOOOOC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444444                                 444                           44                                          44                                0000000000C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               4                                           4                                 00000000C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444A444                                44                                                                                                                     00000C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           44                                                     000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444444A444444                          44444                         44                                          44                                1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4.*. .                                                                                                           44                                           4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               44                                                                                       4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4A444                                  4A4                                                                       4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4A44A44i4                              4444      4                   14                                          44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444444                                 44A4      4                   A4                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44114444                               4444      4                   44                                          444
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444                                    A4        4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          444                                    4                             14 1                                        14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             4

                                                                                                                             @@ov rw
                                                                                                                                              V -i-,
                                                                                                                                                54

                                                                                                                  X,

                                                      ..ze.

                                                                                                                                                          4--

                            f
                                                         4                                                                                   tk
                                                  4
                                                       4   4
                                                    4
                                                         4

                                                                                                                              t

                                                                                                                                    y-ii
                                                                                                                                  iO
                                                               4
                                                            4

                                                                4     4

                                                                                                                                 0'/'
                                                                                                                                                                                               00,

                                                                                                                                                                                               @o

                                                    a

                                                                                                                  ol             0
                                                                                                           'o

                                                                                                               00

                                                                                                         001,
                                                                                                                          IOFZ
                                                                                                                        OF

                                                                                                    ol            of
            AA-1
                                                                            00,

                                                                      S
                                                                                                                                                                                      oor

                                                                                                                             OOF       000,                                                    .4
                                                                               /Z//                  'Off                                   Z/Z
                                                                                                                                                                 00,/
                                                               AV-)
                                                                                                                                                                                               00
                                                                                                                  -juc

                                                                                                                                                                                           00
                                                                                                ol                                                                           000
                                                                                                                                                                  00,
                                                        Ix

                                                                                                 00
                                                                                                                                 01    0@1     0@1
                                                                                                               q,6@0@        0050
                                                                                                                        O@
                                                                             w                                                                                                                 00

                                                                                                                                                                      04

                                                                                                                                                   Of
                                                                                                                 f:,7
                                                                                                                                       ol              0

                                                                                                                          00       00

                                                                      0@                                                                          0

                                                                                                                                                                                               o
                                                                 0
                  4 (D)                                                                                                                                   Jlt
                                                           0'

              Swan Creek

              Swan Creek Point separates the creek from the
              Chesapeake Bay and is largely responsible for the
              unique character of this area. On the bayside of the                                                                             t
              point, choppy water extends to the visual horizon.                                                                               P
              In contrast, the creek is serene and the views are
              confined by land-Harford County to the north and
              Aberdeen Proving Ground to the south.                                                                                            t,
                The shoreline along Swan Creek seems to exist in
              a relatively natural state. Heavy inshore   vegetation
              overhangs the shore. Wildflowers grow on the                                                                                 t-
              banks and grasses protrude from the water. The
              forces of erosion and strong winds have caused trees
              to fall into the water, adding to the "natural" set-
              ting. The two marshes on the creek also contribute
              to the beauty and the wilderness character of this
              area. The steeply recessed inshore landscape creates
              a feeling of enclosure.
                There are several homes on top of the steep                                                                                                 71
              banks, but they do not interrupt the continuity of
              the shoreline because they are set back from the
              water's edge. Few piers and bulkheads have been
              constructed; therefore the shoreline is not
              dominated by such structures. This natural state       is
              a direct result of the fact that the creek has very
              limited access by land. In fact, the only direct
              public access is by boat.
                The U.S. Army land which lines the south side
              of the creek is undeveloped except for a small dock-
              ing facility-near the mouth of the creek. The Army
              currently maintains a sewage-treatment plant that
              discharges into the northern reaches of the creek.                                                                     @4
              This sewage plant has contributed to the poor                                            A
              water quality of Swan Creek. There is a plan to
              phasee this. plant out of operation over the next      few
              years.
                Extensive siltation has occurred because of both
              natural processes and human activities. Develop-
              ment upstream has increased the sediment loads
              which the creek is forced to bear. Various groups of      U.S.  Army's 1963   construction  of the Spesutie         deposited in the creek. Discussions are ongoing bet-
              fishermen, government officials and recreational          Causeway. These claims state that the causeway, by        ween county officials and the Army to explore the
              boaters have charged that much of the increased           blocking the flow of water in the bay and near the        possibility of opening the causeway and allowing
              sedimentation in the creek has resulted from the          mouth of the creek, has caused sediment to be             the water to flow unimpeded,
                                                                                                                                                                                       29

                                                                                                                                             41

                                                                                                                                        cF
                                                                                                                      a   9.       0

                                                                                                                                  4r

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ol

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   o
            >                                                                                                                                                                                       o9
                                                                                                                                                                           ilk
                                                                                                                                                                           Al

                                                                                                                                                                                             oo

                         "kl                                                                                                                A,
                                                                                                                                                                                   oo
                        ,X,
                                                                                                                        Im

                                                                                                                                                                                          1A

                                                                                                                                                                                Ulm                   WAN CREEK
                                                                                                                                                                          t%

                                                                                                                                                                       0 04
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  C)

            Bush RiverlOtter Point Creek

            In contrast to the Susquehanna River which cuts its
            way from the Piedmont towards the Chesapeake
            Bay, the Bush River is located in the Coastal Plain
            and is a product of the processes that formed the
            bay. As a result, the Bush River looks like a large
            basin rather than a river. Another distinguishing
            characteristic of the Bush River is that most of its
            inshore land is developed. The only undeveloped
            areas are around Church Creek Marsh, Otter Point
            Marsh and areas owned by the federal government.
               Development in this area began as people built
                                                                                  K
            summer cottages in the 1920's. A full-scale com-
            munity has evolved complete with two marinas, two             T M",
                                                                                                                                    7

            boat yards, a public boat landing and numerous
            private piers jutting into the river. In addition,
                                                                                                    ;7-
            bulkheads have been constructed along much of the
            shoreline in an effort to prevent erosion.
               The developed shoreline gives the Bush River a                                                 V
                                                                                                                                     "A40
            visual character much different than any other area
            in Harford County. Although the Broad Creek
            shoreline is also developed, its narrow width and
            steeply recessed inshore landscape are much dif-
            ferent from the Bush River's openness and more
            subtle shaping. The character of the homes in these
            two areas is also very different. Homes on the Bush        recreational boating. The river is an important    fish    ed shells in the river's bottom.
            River vary greatly in size, style and quality of           nursery and feeding area and the wetland at Otter            Failing septic systems, sewer-line overflows   and
            repair as opposed to the similarity of the homes on        Point Creek is of great value to wildlife. Recrea-         discharge of untreated waste from boats have    caused
            Broad Creek. There are many homes on the Bush              tional fishing occurs in the Bush River, but there is      bacteria and nutrient problems. The flushing action
            River which look as though they have been                  no shellfish harvesting. All recreational beaches on       of the river is very slow, requiring a 48-day cycle.
            neglected for a long time. These homes are often           Bush River, once prime swimming areas, were clos-          This allows for nutrient build-up which causes
            situated between more well-kept residences.      The       ed in 1966 because of high bacteria counts. They           eutrophic conditions and algae formation.
            wide range of housing types and quality of upkeep          were reopened in the late 1960's, were closed again          Several measures have been taken to reduce the
            gives the impression that the transformation from          in 1971 and remain so.                                     pollution of the river: implementation of sediment
            summer resort area to permanent community is not             The Bush drainage system contains nine potential         control, storm-water management practices, and ex-
            yet complete.                                              point-source polluters, ranging from industries to         tension of sewer lines to areas with failing septic
               The Bush River is 9.8 miles long and has                sewage-treatment plants to a quarry. Runoff from           systems. In addition, the Harford County Depart-
            numerous tributaries. Bynum Run and Winters                urban areas, construction sites and agricultural           ment of Public Works has undertaken a study of
            Run are the major water courses flowing into the           lands and failing septic systems contribute to the         water quality and sediment loading in the Winters
            river. The total drainage area is 139.7 square miles       nutrient, bacteria and sedimentation problems in           Run watershed. If bacteria levels and sediment pro-
            and the watershed lies in both the Piedmont and            the river. Test firing of ammunition into the river        blems can be controlled, the Bush River has the
            Coastal Plain.                                             at Aberdeen Proving Ground also creates potential          potential of becoming the beautiful estuarine body
               The Bush River waters are used heavily for              problems, especially due to exploded and unexplod-         it once was.                                        31

                                           11

                                             1;j

                                               71

                                   7'7
                                                    5@j

                                                                                  Rio
                                               0   0                                                                             fw Do -41, w
                                           re    0

                                                                                                                                            of

                                                                                                                                   a    w

                                     .,.,r r                                               0

                                                                             I.C ko           0   0    0

                                         r r

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       RP

                   IL

                                                                                                                                 CA

                                                                                                                                                                                              t,

                                                                       2 :7

                        le                                                                                                                                                                                  of

                                                                                                                                                                                                        fir,
                                                                                                                                                      YW

                                                                                                                                                 lk

                                                                                                                                                             01
                                                                                                                                                                    0

                                                       e
                                                                                                                  ooor@

                                                                                                                                      01                     00
                                                                                                    XT
                                                                                                                                                          01

                                                                                                             Z-
                                                                                                                                                              o
                                                                                                                                                              o

                                                       NnI
                                                                               At
                                                                                       rs,'4,Vk- u,                                                                    60
                                                                                                                                                                                 /@ol
                                                                                     Z

                                00,

                           1@0
                                                                                                                                              A  i                              It
                                                                                                                                             C
                                                                                                                                                                     I-L

                                                                                                                                                                   0@
                                                                                                                                                                        V10            I
                                                                                                                                                                            t"              AL

                           el
                                                                                                                                                                    It.
                                                                                                      A
                                                       J@
                                                                                                                                                                                 x-
                                S                                                                      @.jL 'r
                                AI                                                                                                                                     't

                           ju
                                                                                                                                                                         C k

                                                                      r
                                                                                                                                                                                        tk
                                                                                                                                               L

                                                                                                                               L                                                              L4t.       %

                                                                                                                                                                      k.L j

                                                                           C
                                                                      rf
                                                                                                                                                                     It,
                                                       er7            t                                                                                   It

                                                                                                                A
                           Z                           4
                                                       4                                                                      It                I,   %"
                                                       44
                           P                                                                                                                            A_ 1_4
                                                                      4
                                                       J@
                                                       4444
                                                                      4    4 4
                                                       44
                                                       44             4    4
                                                                      *4   4 4
                                                       444
                                                       4              4    4  4                                                                                               Or
                                                       4              4

                                                                           4
                           44   4                      4444           4      4
                           444                         44444          4    4
                           444                         4A444          4
                                                                           4                                                                                                       oor.
                           444  4                      444
                                                                      44
                           444                                        44
                                it                     44't44
       4                   44't4                                      4
                                4                      444
                           444                                        4
                           4    4                      4444           4
                           4444 4                      44A44
                           4444                                       4                                                                                                    I.t
                                4
       4                   4444 4                      4444           44
                           4444 4                      4444           4
       4                   44   4                      4444
                                                                      4
                           4444                        44             4
                           11.0                                       44
                                                       44
                           4414                                       4
                           444                         44             4
       4                   4444                        44             4
       4                   44                                                                                                                                                                           ;;ol
                           4                                          4
                           44                                         4
                           44                                         4
                           4444                                       44
                           444                                        44                                                                                                                              0
                           444                                        4
                           4
                           44                                                                                                                             - J
                                                       4              44
                                                                      4
                                                       -J-0                4
                           100 10) U@ (0) (0-) (0) 0 0 000u-C)O@@0    4    4
       Do                                              000 000co      44   4
                           0    000
                           0    on 000                 0
                           0    00                     0000           44   4
       00                  000000                      00000
       00                  0000000                     0
       Z)                  0000000 06 COO              0
       Z)8.                P
                           0000000                     000 000000000  0
                           0                                          0    4
       DO                  00000000                                   44
       DO                  OOKOCO)OO                   000 00         044
                           000000000000
       D 0                 C)                                         4
                           00000000000000
       D                   0000000000
       DO                  a                           0
                                                       04
       D                   000000000
       D                                               04
                           00000000                    0                                                                                                              0
                           (300000
       3A                                                                                                                                                           0
       DO                       o 00                   4                                                                                                                                          1  - .r,.
       Do                                                                                                                                                            0
                           80   000RO
       DO                  00080000
       Do                  0
       D 0                 0000000                                                                                                                              01   0                       0          0
       Doo                 000                         0                                                                                                                                           0  0   0
       )o
                           00                                                                                                                                            0
                           U00000000000 ---
                           00000000                                                                                                                                                                    0
                                                                                                       Mm"

                                                                                       0     0      0

                                                                                                     5-j

                                                                                               l4k  0,       0   0                                         0
                                                                         0   0 o

                                                                                              6
                                                                                                                              ok  a       a            0

                                                                                                                                                                                    0

                                                                                                                                                 all

                                                                                                                                          0

                                                                                                                                                                         77",
                                                                             0
                                                                oo@666
                                                                o
                                                                     0(,
                                                                  u
                                                              00 0
                                                                000

                                                                                                    0      0                                                           Fl.

                                                                                                                         0

                                                                                                                                           Aff

                                                                                                                                                 L7

                                                                                                                  Ily

                                                                                                                                                  NX

                                                                                                                                                              ... ..... ..

                              Tw.

                            duo

                        0
                                                                                                                                                                                           rA,
                     46   o

                                       40   0

                                                                                                                                  YI

                              49

                           0 0                                                          1.01

            je                                                                                         al

                                                                                                                     l4w;17
                                                                   wow

                                                         I A
                                                                  , . r, ;i,             I -        0

                                                       C--r

                            The Gunpowder River
                            The Gunpowder River is the channel through
                            which most of the 472 square miles of the Gun-
                            powder River basin drain into the Chesapeake Bay..
                            In contrast to the basin-like appearance of the Bush
                            River, the Harford County portion of the Gun-
                            powder River is very narrow and marshy. The river
                            lies in the Coastal Plain and is characterized by low
                            elevations and relatively flat land forms. Broad tidal
                            estuaries divide the area into narrow, terrace-like
                                                                                                                                                                                                      417Z
                            peninsulas of low relief. There are extensive tidal                                                                                                                       ,+, ,
                                                                                                                                                          vi@
                            marshes surrounding these peninsulas.
                              The river is bordered by Baltimore County, Har-
                            ford County and the federal land of Aberdeen Prov-
                            ing Ground. Harford County's jurisdiction extends
                            southward to the railroad bridge over the river,                                                                                                                          i*LJ
                            where federal jurisdiction begins. Across the river
                            to the west is Baltimore County.
                              The Harford County communities of Joppatowne
                            and Rumsey Island are not visible from the railroad
                            bridge area. An extensive marsh with emergent
                            grasses screens these dense residential communities.
                            A narrow dredged channel marks the boating en-
                            trance into the area.
                              Foster Branch sits   just east of the channel, but      it
                                                                                                                               4@nr
                            is difficult to see because of the surrounding marsh
                                                                                                                "T
                                                                                                                 ,Fg
                                                     hore of Foster Branch is lin-
                            vegetation. The west s
                            ed with residential units, many with piers and                                                  7@_
                            docking facilities for recreational boating. The east
                            shore is mostly marsh and is undeveloped. From
                            the water, Foster Branch appears to be very quiet             contributes to a pleasant visual experience.                  mouths of the   large tributaries. Heavy siltation has
                            and secluded.                                                   The waters of the Gunpowder River are         relatively    been caused by runoff from construction sites,
                              The shores of the dredged channel leading into              healthy. Applicable water-quality standards for               agricultural runoff and sand and gravel operations
                            Joppatowne are covered with wild flowers and                  dissolved oxygen, temperature, acidity/alkalinity and         on the tributaries at the head of the tidal portion of
                            emergent grasses. Upon entering the Joppatowne                bacteria have been met, in contrast to the Bush               the river.
                            community, the vista includes hundreds of boats               River, which has received poor marks on these                   The Gunpowder River offers wide visual diversi-
                            docked at a large marina and in front of homes. All           criteria. The major pollution of the Gunpowder                ty ranging from unique wildlife and natural vegeta-
                            of Joppatowne is neatly protected with bulkheads of           River stems from sedimentation and a higher-than-             tion to a high concentration of pleasure boats in
                            concrete and steel. There are many coves, each con-           normal algae population during summer months.                 Joppatowne. While this study did not examine the
                            taining several townhouses and boats. Most of the             High nutrient loading from urban and agricultural             shoreline of Aberdeen Proving Ground, notice was
                            single-family and townhouse units are of similar              runoff, septic system failure and contributions from          made of the abundant underwater vegetation and
                            style. However, tree plantings by individual proper-          upstream have led to shifts in the species of plants          extensive sandy beaches. These appear to be some
                            ty owners offer some landscaping diversity which              on the river bottom and heavy algae blooms in the             of the finest shoreline beaches in Harford County.
                                                                                                                                                                                                               40

                                                                                                                                                       ... . ..... ....
                                                                                                ... ..      ... .. .

                                                                                                                      771
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ... .......
                                         . ... .. ....
                                                        7-:

                                                                                                                                                ... ........ .
                                                                                                                                                                         ... . ....

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ...... .         .. .. ...

                                                                             ... . ... .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                '77
                                                                                                                                                                    . .....       ....
                                                                               7j-,                                                                                                                                                                                                             .... ...      .... ....

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  YN
           OF                                                                       7r       vw
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ...                          ... . ..

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ... .. . ....

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         @oj
                       . ..... . ..

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ZA
                                                                    . .....                  .... ..
                                                                                                                                             . ..... ....-

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ... . ..... .... ...
                                                                                                                        @o'
                                                     _70

                             100

                       'AN",I

                          all

                                                                       4L

                                             I- rr'
                                            kr
                                     'r     I of             17
                                                    r                                    'ty
                        Irl

           f                                                                   I. ... .....  I.,
          cc    r
          I
                      r,                 er 'r

               cr     r
     F-I@lrr  r       r rr
                                                                                                        Owc
                                                                                                                      -4   t4t L.
                                        r (,rrr-                                                                                   f.
                                                            A' r re'r,
                                                                                                                      t'Zi

     ye
            i     r                      r                                                                                 C,
                               -r-        r r r
                              r       If     -
                                                      @e    '14
        er r                                         r re    L.

        r   r       r
              r

                              r rr
                                              rr-
                             rr
                           re-                                                                                                            0 Aj
                            t.,  "r          'o    r r                                         44
                             ir                    re,

                                           J r f   r                                                                        0   IL
                                         tiff

                                            r
                              r r      rr

                                       rt'
                                             rf                                                                   0             9 0    0  0

                                 ...  ... . .. ....

       ... . ..  .. .......

                                              0 OA                           are
                    0/                         0 lot

                                                                                                       61

          W-I
       0  0   00
       0  0   04                                                 0
                 0                                                0/
       ON 0 @/,  0                                                    0  0
          0   0'- 0   0 0                                            0  0 0                          ... ... .... ...
       0  0   0 0                                                  0  0  0  0
          0   0  0      0  0
              0  0       0  0  0     0
                             0   0
                                                                                                                   ............
          0   0
       0 %       0    0 0  0       00004                       0             C/         0
                                                                                                                  ... .... ...

                  0   0 0  0 0   0    0 0
              0  0  0 0  0     0     0  0 0   00"-0- 0 4
          0      00   0 0          0  0 0   0 0 4   0 0  0
              0          0  0  0     0' 0 0   00  0 0 0    s,

                                                  0     1*      0
       0      4v 0  1% @O 0 0  000000000,     0                 @kA.                                                   ..... ......
       0                     0   0 0  0 0   0       0 0              0
                           .Z    0 0 0  0   0    0'0> 0
                                 0000000      00  041. 0
                                               '07;P0%
       00000        -0       0                00  0 0.     0
                  0
              0
       O%@ 00 0

                            Harford County Marshes
                            Marshes are characterized by soils which are                                              4k,        _V1
                            waterlogged during the growing season, often being
                            covered by 6 inches to 3 feet of water. Plant diver-
                            sity is usually low. Grasses, sedges, rushes and
                            various broadleaf species dominate the shallow
                            areas. Cattails, arrowhead, smartweed and
                            pickerelweed grow in areas of greater depth.
                              In spite of their low species diversity, marshes are
                            exceedingly important. They provide food and
                            habitat for migratory waterfowl and act as spawning
                            or breeding grounds for large numbers of fish,
                                                                                                                                                                                           'y
                            birds, and mammals. Many open-ocean species
                            begin their lives in freshwater marshes far from the
                            waters in which they will mature.
                              Few plant species can tolerate having their roots
                            underwater all of the time, but those which have                                                                                                                        !:r
                            adapted to these somewhat stressful conditions sup-
                            port an abundant wildlife. There are not many
                            ecosystems which can surpass the number of bird
                            species found in the marshes surrounding the
                            Chesapeake Bay. Egret, heron, osprey, eagles,
                            hawks, gulls, geese, and numerous duck species are
                            only a few of the birds commonly sighted in this

                                                                                                                                                                                                          I,, f
                            area. Fish such as white and yellow perch, striped
                            bass, catfish and herring and invertebrates such as
                            blue crabs and oysters are prized by many. These                                              T@
                            and other aquatic organisms are supported at least
                            partially by the marshland vegetation.
                              Marsh areas also act as natural filters, slowing the
                            movement of sediment and other debris from
                            upland sites and collecting nutrients which might
                            cause eutrophication of open-water habitats. This       is
                            true particularly during the warm summer months
                            Although tidal marshlands have naturally high con-
                            centrations of organic matter and nutrients, these
                            are not a typical characteristic of an open-water
                            ecosystem. The process of eutrophication usually        af-
                            fects only aged open-water systems or results when
                            fecal contamination (human or animal), high
                            phosphate detergents or fertilizer runoff increase                                                                                                                            kl
                            nutrient levels above normal. This condition      per-
                            mits microscopic algae to undergo a population ex-
                            plosion. The life spans of these algae are short and    ,
                            as large numbers die off, they are decomposed by
                                                                                                                                                                               .0-
                                                                                                                                                                                                          44

             organisms which use up the oxygen that is normally          four and five parts-per-thousand during the autumn         by boat. The Swan Creek Marsh itself forms a
             available for fish and other organisms. Thus, when          when freshwater inflow is less. Lower stream flows         broad delta which is 2  '000 feet across. Anyone
             temperatures are high and nutrient levels excessive,        in autumn reduce the total amount of fresh water           travelling upstream, however, @vould first encounter
             algal growth and death are rapid. Decomposition             that is available to mix with the saltwater from the       a mudflat which extends 600 feet'downstrearn from
             causes oxygen levels to drop to near zero, many fish        ocean. Spring salinities in the Gunpowder River            the marsh vegetation and all the way across the
             die and foul odors result.                                  (further south) average slightly higher than one           delta. These mud flats become exposed during the
               High sediment levels can also cause ecosystem             part-per-thousand, while autumn levels are between         lowest tides. Water here is very muddy.
             disruption by covering bottom dwellers, clogging            six and seven parts-per-thousand. Because of this,           The marsh encompasses approximately 110 acres
             the gills of fish and invertebrates and cutting the         the Gunpowder marshes contain some saltwater               and is cut by two primary channels. Arrow-arum.
             supply of sunlight to aquatic plants. As a result           species which are absent in the marshes further            and pickerelweed form the bulk of the lower marsh
             there is a reduction in photosynthesis, increased           north.                                                     growth with wild rice emerging in more shallow
             decomposition and decreased species diversity.                The marshes discussed in this study are classified       areas. Rice-cutgrass and smartweed also occur fre-
               Tidal marshes are among the most productive               as freshwater estuarine river marshes. Tidal varia-        quently. The upper reaches of the marsh are
             ecosystems in the world. The biomass produced               tions are especially pronounced in these marshes           dominated by cattail and smartweed intermingled
             there often moves far out to sea, providing.food        for and vegetation tends to be distributed according to        with river bulrush. It eventually grades into a red-
             many oceanic species. Productivity in tidal.marshes         water depth. Those species most well-adapted to be-        maple swamp. In several areas the cardinal flower
             has been calculated to be about three times the out-        ing covered by water will occupy the channel edges         emerges through the vegetation.
             put of the most productive agricultural lands.              and the less tolerant will colonize the higher               The Swan Creek Marsh supports a number of
               Thus, although considered "useless" in the past,          ground. Since special adaptations are required for         bird species. Blue and white heron, snowy egret,
             marshes fulfill a number of important functions             plants to tolerate consistently deep water, most           and red-winged blackbirds were all sighted in the
             which are necessary to ecosystem stability and              species tend to occupy higher sites. It should be          area. The presence of wild rice indicates this would
             human endeavor alike. Without tidal marshes there           noted that, since this survey was conducted during         be a prime water-fowl area during migration.
             would be fewer waterfowl, fish or invertebrates and         August 1980, some spring and early-summer
             many open-water areas would be clogged by silt              species may have been absent.                              Church Creek Marsh
             and plagued by eutrophic conditions. For these                The following freshwater estuarine river marshes
             reasons, marshes and estuaries are now being pro-           were observed: Swan Creek Marsh, Church Creek              Church Creek Marsh is the northernmost of the
             tected by federal, state and local governments and          Marsh, Bush Creek Marsh, Otter Point Marsh, and            three marshes supported by the Bush River and lies
             by private individuals and institutions as well. Ac-        Gunpowder Marsh. Although there are freshwater             at the head of the Bush River near Belcamp. It is a
             tivities such as dredging and filling are severely          estuarine bay marshes in Harford County, they are          long marsh (5,000 feet) extending primarily along
             restricted to protect the many resources which they         located predominantly within the Aberdeen Proving          the western edge of Church Creek. The total area
             could affect.                                               Ground and were not included in this study.                of the marsh is estimated at 70 acres.
               Harford County has marshes which exhibit both                                                                          Although arrow-arum and pickerelweed dominate
             freshwater and saltwater species. From the mouth            Swan Creek Marsh                                           the deeper waters along the edge of the channel,
             of the Chesapeake Bay to its headwaters, plant-                                                                        mallow forms fairly dense stands at some locations.
             species composition gradually shifts from strict            This marsh is on Swan Creek southeast of the               Cattails are found in the higher areas of the marsh
             saltmarsh species, such as cordgrass and glasswort,         Town of Aberdeen. Some of the marsh is within              which extend in from upland sites. Approximately
             to those plants found only in freshwater marshes,           Aberdeen Proving Ground. Most of the marsh is              1,200 feet upstream from the mouth of the creek is
             such as cattails and wild rice.                             undeveloped. It is a productive natural area and a         a stand of elephant grass. Isolated stands of
               The headwaters of the bay are farthest from the           prime wildlife habitat.                                    pickerelweed and arrow-arurn also occur throughout
             saltwater of the Atlantic Ocean. The marshes in               The mouth of the Swan Creek drainage basin is            the marsh. The uppermost reaches are again
             this vicinity are close to the Susquehanna River            partially sheltered by a sandy spit which extends          dominated by cattails with smartweed, pickerelweed
             which is the bay's source of fresh water. Near Bush         down -from the northeast. Millet grass and water           and arrow-arurn along water's edge. Of the three
             River, surface-water  'salinities average one or fewer      willow grow along the shoreline. Several small mar-        marshes in the Bush River area, this creek appears
             parts-per-thousand during the spring and between            shy areas are encountered as one moves upstream            to have the greatest vegetational diversity.
                                                                                                                                                                                           45

                             Mallard ducks, common egret and green heron
                           were spotted in Church Creek. Muskrat are known
                           to make their homes in this marsh.

                           Bush Creek Marsh

                           This marsh is located between Church Creek and
                           Otter Point Creek at the headwaters of Bush River
                           and Long Bar harbor. It is a comparatively small
                           wetland but is significant for fish and wildlife sup-
                           port. The marsh encompasses approximately 45
                           acres to the south of Route 40 and another 30 acres
                           to the north of the highway. The marsh delta is                                                                                                                              A4
                           bordered by a mud flat which grades into the
                           typical pickerelweed and arrow-arum. These species
                           also border the marsh along its northern edge and
                                                                                                                        AL
                           grade into cattails as elevation increases. The
                           southwestern reaches of the lower marsh contain a
                           number of marsh mallow mixed with cattails. A
                           central strip of the marsh is dominated by smart-
                           weed and rice-cutgrass. The inland marsh which              is
                           located to the north of Route 40 is composed
                           primarily of cattails with a mixture of smartweed               photographs    taken  in 1957   and 1977   shows   that        occasionally. Virginia rails, marsh wrens,       and   white
                           and arrow-arurn in the center. Red-winged                       this marsh has grown considerably. During          this        herons are not uncommon. Muskrat and raccoon
                           blackbirds are common in the area.                              20-year span, a number of housing developments                 frequent the marsh, and otter slides have been noted
                              Of the areas surveyed, the Bush Creek Marsh ap-              have been built in the vicinity. Construction may              nearby. The value of this area as a spawning
                           peared to have the lowest vegetational diversity.               have caused considerable amounts of soil to wash               ground for several anadromous fish has been
                           This could be due to increased sedimentation rates              from these sites into the marsh, extending its total           recognized. Anadromous fish spend the earlier
                           which keep the marsh in a constant state of change,             area.                                                          stages of their life cycle in fresh waters and migrate
                           preventing species which require greater stability                The watercourses in Otter Point Creek Marsh are              to ocean areas as they mature. The marsh acts as a
                           from establishing themselves. A comparison of 1957
                           and 1977 aerial photographs revealed considerable               bordered by sweetflag and pickerelweed.                        nursery for these and many other species as well.
                           erosion on upland sites in this watershed, causing              Pickerelweed and wild rice cover vast areas of the               The comparative size of this marsh makes it a
                           an incre  Iase in sedimentation in the Bush Creek               marsh, with cattails occupying the slightly higher             highly desirable area for wildlife. The relatively
                           Marsh.                                                          areas. Wild rice forms several large islands with              high plant diversity provides a variety of food
                                                                                           pickerelweed and sweetflag borders. River bulrush,             sources for the birds and mammals which visit the
                           Otter'Point Creek Marsh                                         jewelweed, smartweed and golden club also grow                 area. The large size also insulates more sensitive
                                                                                           throughout the marsh. Water mitfoit and wild                   species from the influences of human activity. This
                           Otter Point Creek Marsh with approximately 400                  celery, two submerged plants, occur in the shallow             can be especially important during nesting periods.
                           acres of wetland, was the largest surveyed.                     water in front of the marsh.                                      This marsh also has a buffering effect on water
                           (Although the Gunpowder River Marsh is actually                   Wading birds are frequent visitors to this marsh.            which passes through it. Nutrients and heavier
                           much larger, only a portion of it is in Harford                 Blue heron and egret are most common, while                    sediments from several large developments near
                           County.) The mouth of Otter Point Creek Marsh is                yellow-crowned night heron and green heron are                 Route 40 precipitate out here prior to entering
                           nearly 2,200 feet wide and the wetland extends                  less frequently observed. In more shallow areas,               Bush River when they would exacerbate an already
                           3,600 feet upstream. A comparison of aerial                     upland plovers, sandpipers and yellowlegs are seen             precarious water-quality condition.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    46

              Gunpowder River Marsh
              The Gunpowder River Marsh is the largest of those
              being discussed in this text. However, the majority
              of its land is located in Baltimore County and will
                                                                                               JA@
              not be included in this discussion. In addition,
              much of what was wetland habitat has been dredg-
              ed and reclaimed and is now part of the Jop-
              patowne development. This has considerably
              altered the wetland configuration. The total marsh,
              including the Foster Branch area, now comprises
              around 125 acres.                                                                                     7@
                When compared with the other county marshes,                                      -V-
              the topography of this land is quite different.
              Whereas the others were low areas with slight or
              gradual changes in slope, here the land rises rather
              abruptly from the watercourses. This has the effect
              of limiting marsh vegetation to thin fringing areas
              along the water's edge. The predominant species in
              the foreground are cattails, river bulrush, and
              smartweed. Located immediately behind are marsh
              and rose mallows and a number of shrubs, in-
                                                                                                                            V0,
              cluding marsh elders and sea myrtle- two salt
              tolerant species. The watercourses in the area are
              turbid due to power boats which usually travel     at
                                                                                                                                                                       17,
              high speeds. This turbidity may have had a severe                                                                     t
              impact upon shoreline vegetation. In sheltered     areas
              the vegetation is more well developed and more
              diverse.
                One extensive marsh area exists between the main
              channel into Joppatowne and the Baltimore County
              line. This area is dominated by cattails, sweetflag,
              pickerelweed and arrow-arum. Elsewhere there are a         WQX:@i@
              number of mud flat areas which support a rather
              dense population of water-milfbil.
                Foster Branch is one of the more interesting             ltt:02t@-.
                                                                         =
              botanical areas. Pickerelweed, sweetflag, smartweed,
              and arrow-arum. line the eastern edge of the chan-
              nel. Water milfbil is present,.as well. In several
              areas,, yellow and white water lilies are found and
              cardinal flowers dot the bank. Mallow, elephant
              grass and wild rice are present on higher soil.
                Green heron, whistling swans, mallard ducks and
              an American bittern were sighted in this vicinity.
                                                                                                                                                                                        47

                          Recommendations

                          The Harford County Shoreline Study was under-
                          taken to accomplish four basic objectives:
                            gather information on shoreline conditions,
                          wildlife habitat, submerged aquatic vegetation   and
                          other natural features that make the shoreline   a uni-
                          que environmental system.
                            to identify areas with potential for active or
                          passive recreational use.
                          0 to identify areas which require conservation
                          management.                                                               41
                            to identify policy issues which affect land use,
                          shoreline access and use and conservation manage-
                          ment.
                                                                                           It  0
                            Recommendations relating to each of these objec-
                          tive@s are included in the text that follows.

                          Information
                          A knowledge and understanding of existing
                          shoreline conditions and the dynamics of these
                          natural systems are essential before planners can
                          make recommendations about proposed land use.                The Department of Planning and       Zoning should         Discussions with U.S. Army officials at the Aber-
                          This research effort has provided an opportunity           investigate the possibility of conducting future           deen Proving Ground should explore public use of
                          for mapping the county's shoreline and for gather-         shoreline studies which would provide updated in-          some of the waterfront space within the Proving
                          ing baseline information that identifies not only          formation on a regular basis.                              Grounds (including the beach south of the Bush
                          present land use and shoreline conditions but, more                                                                   River railroad bridge) and the development of a
                          importantly, suggests parameters for policy con-           Recreational Use                                           nature trail around the Swan,Creek Marsh.
                          siderations about the future of the Harford County
                          shoreline. Although this study was done under              During this study, many shoreline activities were            The Harford County Parks and Recreation Open
                          rather strict time constraints and can be, therefore,      observed. The recommendations that follow are ex-          Space Plan should include a study of methods of
                          only a general reference, it was possible to identify      amples of the opportunities that are available in the      providing greater public access to the waterfront
                          some of the major vegetational and physiographic           county. Recommendations for specific shore-site            areas of the county in conjunction with the study of
                          characteristics of the Harford County waterways            development are not intended to imply that these           county recreational needs.
                          and marshes.                                               are the only opportunities which should be ex-             0 The Department of Planning and Zoning and the
                            On the basis of the information presented in the         plored for public access.                                  City of Havre de Grace should continue their study
                          previous sections of this report, the following              On the basis of the information presented in    the      of Tydings Island as a recreational site. The island,
                          recommendations are made:                                  previous se ions of this report, the following             located in the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the
                          9 The Department of Planning and Zoning should             recommendations are made:
                                                                                                                                                Susquehanna River, offers several recreational
                          continue to work with the City of Havre de Grace           0 Discussion should be initiated between the               possibilities: a picnic site on the bluffed and partial-
                          on their Waterfront Study.                                 Philadelphia Electric Company and Harford Coun-            ly wooded northern side; swimming at the sandy
                          0 The information from this Shoreline Study                ty to consider the development of hiking trails            beach on the southeast; and other passive recrea-
                          should be used in the development of an informa-           along the Susquehanna River and a bicycle trail            tional activities on the southwest corner which
                          tional program for county residents.                       along the banks of the old canal.                          could accommodate dredge spoil material.
                          48

               Discussion should be initiated between the coun-          has met with mixed success because of the lack of             An effective debris-removal program should be
             ty and the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company to            personnel to enforce the regulations. Recently, en-        employed at the Conowingo Dam by Philadelphia
             consider public access to the beach front property          forcement capabilities have been increased and a           Electric Company to stop the ar@hual flood of debris
             along the Bush River between Bush River Neck                higher rate of compliance will hopefully result.           that settles in the Havre de Grace Yacht Basin.
             Road and Sod Run. Although the river is closed for            Late in 1981 the Harford County Department of            0 The U.S. Army should open the causeway con-
             swimming, this area lends itself to use for fishing,        Planning and Zoning will begin a comprehensive             necting the Proving Ground to Spesutie Island by
             nature trails, and more active recreation.                  zoning review. Such a review has not been made             immediately placing pipes in the causeway to allow
               The abandoned gravel pit on Otter Point Road              since the initial zoning effort in 1957. Difficult and     bay waters to flow freely and reduce the sedimenta-
             should be-exa-m-ined for-pos-sible reclamation and          complex land-use issue"elating to housing, -               tion of Swan Creek.-------
             conversion to a recreational site. Although no overt        transportation, economic development and environ-          0 In order to retard the loss of farmland and to
             reclamation efforts have been made, the area is             ment protection will be addressed. The comprehen-          preserve watersheds, Harford County should con-
             covered with successional vegetation. It has the            sive zoning review will include concern for the            sider rural conservation zoning legislation. The
             potential as a site for picnicking, bicycling, and      ac- preservation and conservation of the county's              Rural Conservation Zone could establish a residen-
             tive recreation.                                            natural resources and various zoning techniques            tial density appropriate for the land beyond the
             0 The point adjacent to Otter Point and Flying              will be explored to find the most practical and ef-        urban-rural demarcation line; use percent-of-slope
             Point Park should be investigated as a site for ac-         fective strategies for preserving the unique en-           and soil types in a watershed zone to restrict
             tive and passive recreation. The eastern side of this       vironmental features of the county.                        development; and require environmental impact
             point is a sloping sandy beach on Otter Point                 On the basis of the information presented in the         statements if a proposed zoning reclassification
             Creek. The western side borders on the Otter Point          previous sections of this report, the following
             Marsh. Water-contact activities   Iwould need to be         recommendations are made:                                  might affect water quality in a watershed or in any
                                                                                                                                    public reservoir.
             postponed until tests of bacteria levels indicate safe        Further efforts should be   made to educate county       I Harford County should act immediately to in-
             ranges; however, hiking and nature trails could be          residents about the importance of environmental            clude local Critical Area Designations into its
             instituted immediately                                      controls in stemming the pollution and destruction         overall planning program. On November 20, 1980,
                                                                         of Harford County waterways and marshes.                   the Maryland Department of State Planning
             Conservation Management                                     0 Clo .set.contact should be maintained with               published a list of areas which are of unusual or
             Residential and commercial development of land in           organizations like the Chesapeake Bay Foundation           significant importance based on physical, social,
             Harford County is an important aspect of the                and the Maryland Environmental Trust which pro-            economic or governmental conditions or trends.
             economic growth of the county. Unfortunately,               vide funding and educational programs for protec-          The Secretary designated these areas as deserving
             such development often has adverse effects on coun-         ting environmental resources.                              special management attention to assure the preser-
             ty rivers, streams, and wetlands. As new construc-          0 Harford County should provide proper zoning              vation, conservation, or utilization of their special
             tion alters the land uses, the landscape, waterways         designations for sensitive environmental areas.            values. Five Harford County marshes were
             and marshes are plagued by increased stormwater             These zones would protect the environment by               designated as being of Critical State Concern: Swan
             runoff, sedimentation and chemical pollution.               allowing only those uses which are compatible with         Creek, Church Creek, Bush Creek, Otter Point,
               In recent years, the Harford County government            the natural environment. The integrity of the              and Gunpowder Delta. Local zoning, subdivision-
             has worked to provide for more effective en-                wetland habitat in the marsh areas is especially in        growth management and other planning decisions
             vironmental controls and regulations. The Sediment          need of protection by the establishment of buffer          must be consistent with the preservation of the
             Control, Storm Water Management and Flood                   zones of from 100 to 200 feet, depending on site           designated areas. At the end of each year, an assess-
             Plain Zoning Legislation were attempts at reducing          conditions.                                                ment of these areas should be included in the plan-
             the degradation of the county's natural water               * Regulations should be designed to reduce sedi-           ning agency's annual report.
             resources. The 208 Water Quality Program stresses           ment loading which is often caused by sand and             0 Immediate attention should be given to the ac-
             the control of soil erosion and water runoff from'          grave, extraction in the river basin and improper          tions which presently threaten the five marsh areas
             both agricultural and residential development sites.        sediment control techniques during land develop-           previously described. The fragile marsh environ-
             However, the use of soil-management techniques              ment.                                                      ment must be respected by man.
                                                                                                                                                                                          49

                          Swan Creek Marsh                                           Otter Point Marsh                                           policies can help to achieve a balance between these
                          The Aberdeen Proving Ground Master Plain                   Development of some portions of the marsh, in ac-           two choices rather than an elimination of one or the
                          reserves an area adjacent to the wetlands for              cordance with current zoning and waterlsewer                other.
                          military housing. Increased sedimentation of the           plans, will have a negative impact on the life of the         On the basis of the information presented in the
                          marsh could occur if adequate buffer zones and             marsh.                                                      previous sections of this report, the following
                          sedimentation controls are not employed.                     A bridge across the Bush River Marsh area to              recommendations are made:
                             Effluent from the APG sewage-treatment plant            alleviate traffic congestion on Willoughby Beach            0 The Harford County Government must pursue
                          currently discharges into the creek and causes ex-         Road would be a significant threat to the ecosystem         an active policy of recognizing the uniqueness of
                          tensive pollution. (The Army plans to move.the             of the marsh and would destroy some of Harford              the Coastal Zone and encouraging land use which is
                          discharge from this plant away from the creek in           County's most beautiful shosreline v'stas.                  in harmony with the land and water edge. This
                          the near future.)                                          Gunpowder Delta and Marsh                                   goal can be realized through proper land use and
                          Church Creek Marsh                                         The single most important issue involving the pro-          development controls.
                          Development on the land north of the marsh poses           tection of the wetlands, the water quality, and the         0 Continued citizen support of the Maryland
                          an increased siltation problem which would have a          scenic beauty of the Gunpowder River delta is the           Coastal Zone Program is necessary to insure con-
                          negative impact on spawning grounds and sensitive          presence of mineral resources along the Gunpowder           tinued funding of local Coastal Planners whose
                          vegetation.                                                and Little Gunpowder Falls. About 9207o of the              primary function is to address land use conflicts
                             Proposed zoning reclassification of a large             delta is owned by mining interests. This situation          which are unique to the Coastal Zone.
                          agricultural area bordering on Gray's Run which            creates a conflict between conservation -if natural         0 The County Master Plan indicates as one of its
                          feeds this marsh threatens life in the marsh unless        resources and the need for mining the aj;gregate            stated goals that "Waterfront Recreation Areas for
                          adequate precautions are taken before development          found in  the region.                                       public use will be protected." County parkland
                          begins.                                                                                                                along the water's edge is scarce. The Department of
                          Bush Creek Marsh                                                                                                       Parks and Recreation should take every opportunity
                          The immediate threat to the Bush River north of                                                                        to use its Open Space Program to acquire and
                          U.S. Route 40 is the Bata Riverside development.                                                                       develop waterfront parks.
                                                                                                                                                   To retard erosion and stabilize the existing shore,
                          Stringent enforcement of environmental regulations                                                                     the Planning and Zoning Department should use
                          and maintenance of storm-water and sediment-                                                                           the 100-year-flood-plain and shoreline erosion rates
                          control facilities are critical to the protection of the
                          marsh. Even with the proper execution of these                                                                         to determine minimum set-back regulations for
                          development requirements, the quality of water                                                                         residential construction.
                          runoff could prove to be detrimental to the life   of                                                                  0 A Shore Zone District should be established in
                          the marsh.                                                                                                             order to regulate land use in the Coastal Zone. On
                             A secondary impact on the marsh comes from                                                                          ly one-story homes might be permitted near the
                          upstream development. The main stream feeding                                                                          water to protect the view of those who live further
                          into the marsh, Bynum Run, is on the edge of the                                                                       inland. Access to the shore for property owners on
                          County Master Plan Development Envelope. The                                                                           the uplands might be assured through a system of
                          major portion of county residential growth is ex-          Policy Issues                                               rights-of-way. Coastal vistas might be preserved by
                          pected to occur in the corridor running west of                                                                        considering visual impact of a proposed land use in
                          Bynum Run within the coastal zone along 1-95 and           Policies help to set parameters within which deci-          addition to environmental impact.
                          Route 40. Protection of the Bynum Run stream               sions can be most appropriately made. Every deci-           0 The county should examine the impact of in-
                          valley is imperative in order to protect Bush Creek        sion presents a different set oftrade-offs. In making       dustrial growth in the Route 40 corridor on the
                          Marsh. The strict enforcement of existing en-              decisions about land use3 perhaps the trade-off does        Coastal Zone. The effect of industrialization on
                          vironmental protection ordinances will help to             not need to be recreational use or conservation,            water quality, shoreline access and the coastal en-
                          reduce negative development impacts on the marsh.          development or preservation. Carefully formed               vironment should be considered.
                          50

                                                 dl

                            Methodology

                            The first step in the Shoreline Study was to select
                                                                                                                                         V",     shore was considered a single mapping unit; all in-
                            field maps which were large enough to show the
                                                                                                                                                 formation pertaining to that particular segment was
                            essential features of the shoreline. County tax maps
                                                                                                                                                 recorded on the matrix, the segment was located on
                            (at 1:600 scale) were used for mapping all of the                                                                    the map, and the segment and matrix were
                            shoreline except the Bush River, which was                                                                           numbered correspondingly.
                            mapped on photogrammetric maps at 1:200       scale.                                                                  The horizontal axis of the matrix lists all other
                            All maps in the final report use the 1:600 scale to                                                                  features to be noted. As a segment of shoreline was
                            provide consistent representation of the shoreline.                                                                  viewed, the type of beach, vegetation, erosion, bot-
                             Before visiting the field, the inventory team                                                                                  I and wildlife were checked off in the
                                                                                                                                                 tom materia
                            studied aerial photographs and maps showing                                                                          appropriate boxes. The location of piers, bulkheads,
                            historical shorelines, wetland areas, distribution of                                                                houses, and submerged aquatic vegetation was the
                            submerged aquatic vegetation and shoreline struc-                                                                    only information that had to be recorded in
                            tures. The team then travelled the waterways,                                                                        eparate notation.
                            observing the entire shoreline by boat. The impor-                                                                    The matrix is organized in a way that
                            tance of conducting the inventory from the water                                                                     automatically ranks the shoreline in terms of recrea-
                            cannot be overemphasized. Many shoreline areas                                                                       tional suitability. The shore zones are listed hierar-
                            would have been inaccessible by any other means.                                                                     chically so that the type of shore most suitable for
                            In addition, mapping the accurate location of             sedimentation and successional vegetative growth.          recreation (sandy) is at the top while the shore that
                            submerged aquatic vegetation would have been              Since this information could not be recorded direct-       offers the least recreational opportunity (natural
                            much more difficult.,                                     ly onto maps in the field, the team needed a fast          rocky shore) is at the bottom. The horizontal axis is
                             Recording field observations proved to be the            and accurate way of documenting information so             also ordered so that the more checks a shore seg-
                            most difficult task in the Shoreline Study because        that it could be mapped in the office at a later time.     ment receives in the categories on the left of the
                            of the number of variety of features to be mapped.        An inventory matrix was developed to CaLegorize all        matrix the more recreational opportunity that seg-
                            Beach length, shape, composition, aquatic vegeta-         the essential information.                                 ment offers. For example, a flat, sandy beach 1500
                            tion, inshore vegetation, visual appearance, and            The vertical axis of the matrix contains a list of       feet long and 20 feet wide with no erosion-or
                            wildlife were the natural features to be documented.      all shore types that would be encountered in the           sedimentation, and mixed decidious vegetation is
                            The constructed features included piers, erosion-         field. The type of shore zone on the vertical axis         better suited for recreation than would be a heavily
                            control structures and buildings along the shoreline.     was then used as the criterion to divide the               eroded, natural rock shore which is short in length
                            Natural processes to be observed were erosion,            shoreline into mapping units. A uniform segment      of    and width and has submerged aquatic vegetation.

                            Glossary of Plants Observed

                            Arrow-Arum (Peltandra virginiana)                         Marsh Mallow (Hibiscus palustris)                          Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus)
                            Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)                      Miller Grass (Milium effusum)                              Water Milfbil (Myriophyllium spicatum)
                            Cattails (Typha spp.)                                     Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata)                          Water Lilies (Nuphar advena)
                            Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora)                         Red Maple (Acer rubrum)                                    Water Willow (Justica americana)
                            Elephant Grass (Phragmites communis)                      Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)                          White Water Lilies (Nymphaea odorata)
                            Glasswort (Salicornia spp.)                               River Bull Rush (Scirpus fluviatilis)                      Wild Celery (Vallisneria americana)
                            Golden Club (Orontium aquaticum)                          Sea Myrtle (Baccharis halimifolia)                         Wild Rice (Zizania aquatica)
                            jewel Weed (Impatiens capensis)                           Smartweed (Polygonum spp.)
                            52

    ~0

                                                           PENNSYLVANIA

                 LAND USES

                        RESIDEN~qYIAL
                   E~4qDINSTITUTIONAL

                        COUNTY PARK

                        STATE PARK

                        AGRICULTURAL

                        MARINA
                        WOODLAND                           Map numbers correspond to page number
                                                           Map scale: I inch 600 feet
                        GRASS
                 SHORE TYPES
                   ~2qF~0qE-~8q71 SANDY
                   ~;176qF
                        GRAVELLY
                     A
                   ~qr~qA~q-~qA~6qj ROCKY

                        NATURAL

                 INSHORE LANDSCAPES

                        RECESS
                    0~4q0  FLAT RECESS                                ~C                                   5
                       k                                                          36--
                        BLUFF                                                                      --34
                      Is                                                                           A~BER~O~6qUN PR
                        BENCH/SLOPE                                               3              ~q-33/
                                                                                   38
                 EROSION CONTROL STRUCTURES                                                           32
                   BULKHEADS                                         43-~'
                   ~2qF 0~q1 RIP RAP                                      42~q-
                   ~qF~0qo~-~-~4q*~qISTEEL                                        41

                        WOOD                                                           B~ERDEEI~.
                        CONCRETE                                                       PROVING

                        JETTY                                                           RO~UN
                                                                                     _~4q0~"
                 SHORE AND NEAR SHORE VEGETATION
                                                                                           ~F
                   ~8qf~8qf~0qE] EMERGENT GRASS
                        SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION

                        SUCCESSION

                        MARSH

                                                                              P E N N S Y L V A N I A
                                                           CEO
                                                                                                                    Whiteford

                                                                                                                               CH

                                                                                                                      RE
                                                                                                    Street M14

                                                                                                                                 pubtin

                                                                                                                              KR
                                                                                                                 Ady                             Darlington

                                                           Madonna

                                                             F14 C

                                                                                                                                                       Level

                                                          1                                         (04                          Churchviiie
                                                                                                                                                            15=6
                                                                ess
                                                                 u0per                                                                                                                           ee De
                                                                 Uossroads                                                                                                                         C
                                                                                                                   Bet Alf       F5 41)                                       40

                                                                                                                                         Creswell          Aberoven

                                                                                           @ --47

                                                                                                                                                            P"ryman
                                                                                                                                       bin 0

                                                                                                                                                      ABERDEEN PROVING GROUN

                                                                                                                                  dgewood

                                                                                                         @,j oppa,.Wn

                                                                                                                                                                           A

                                                                                                                             ABERE)EEN

                                                                                                                                PROVING

                                                                                                                                ROUN

                                                                                                                                                       N

                                                                                                                                                                   Harford Cou

                              Alt-

                                                   gal 3011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        low