Ohio's lake ports facilities, cargo, and problems

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hio FILE
epartment of
atural
esources

OHIOIFS" LAKE PORTS

FAcILITIES, CARGO, AND PROBLEMS

COASTAL ZONE
ISFojKMATION CENTER

TC
205
do M W-
.045
1977 Aba4wWA&

STATE OF OHIO

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

DIVISION OF WATER

e3rty of CSC Librwm

0HIO'S LAKE PORTS

FAcILITIES, CARGO, AND PROBLEMS

V - S - DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOA A
COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413

compiled by

Thomas Vogel

September, 1977

This publication is financed in part by a federal
grant from the Office of Coastal Zone Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
under the provision of Section 305 of the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972 (P.L. 92-583).

CV*

JAMES A. RHODES, Governor ROBERT W. TEATER, Director WAYNE S. NICHOLS, Chief

CONTENTS

12TMDUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

PORT AU1HORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

TOLEDO HARBOR
Location . . . . . 5
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Spoil Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Commodities and Tonnage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * ' * * 12
Port Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Major Problerm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

PORT CLINTON HARBOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

SANDUSKY HARBOR
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Facilities * * , * , * * , , * * . * , * " , * * , , , , , * 17
Spoil Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Commodities and Tonnage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Port Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Maj or Prob lems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

HLRON HARBOR
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Spoil Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Commodities and Tonnage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Port Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Major Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

LORAIN HARBOR
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Spoil Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Commodities and Tonnage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Port 11anagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Major Problen-s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

CLEVELAND HAPJ30R
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Spoil Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Comwdities and Tonnage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Port Managenient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Major Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

PORT OF FAIRPORT HARBOR
Location . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Spoil Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
ConModities and Tonnage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Port M@erwnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Major Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

PORT OF ASHTABUT-A.
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Spoil Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Coniwdities and Tonnage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Port Managenient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Major Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

PORT OF CONNEAUr
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Spoil Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Conmdities and Tannage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Port M@nagemnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Major Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

PORT FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

INTRODUCTION

Ohio's Lake Erie harbors are a vital lirAr in the State's trans-

portation system. There are nine commercial ports on the Ohio shore-
line. They are: Toledo, Port Clinton, Sandusky, Huron, Lorain, Cleve-

land, Fairport Harbor, Ashtabula and Comeaut (see rap on follawing

page). In 1975 alone, nearly 90 million tons of cargo was shipped

through these ports. Ports contribute directly to the local economies

and attract related industries into the coastal zone. Many industries

of the State and region are served by the land-Twater transportation link

of the ports.

The Coastal Zone Management (C71,0 Act of 1972 mandates consideration

of the economic development needs of coastal areas, states and regions.

State M1 programs must account for this in developing, plans for more

effective land and water uses. Ohio's CZM Program, during the second

grant year, sought information from port authorities an facilities,

probleno and future needs. Also, information from Corps of Engineers'

reports was extensively used. The purpose of this report is to summa-
rize these findings. PORT AUTHORITIES

Chapter 4582 of the Ohio Revised Code authorizes any nmicipal cor-

poration, township or comty to establish a port'authority. Contiguous

nmicipal corporations, townships and counties my later join upon con-

ditions of agreement with the political subdivisions comprising the port

authority and its board of directors. If the port authority has a

voted tax levy, both the joinder and the tax levy must be approved by a

majority vote of electors of each participating political subdivision.

CANADA

MICHIGAN
. . . . . . . . . . . .

YORK

. . . . . . . . . . .

Fairport
............
Harbor
land
Sandusky rain PENNSYLVANIA
Huron

OHIO

Omiles 20miles 60miles

OH.IO'S LAKE ERIE PORTS

The area of jurisdiction of the port authority is coincident with the

area of political subdivision(s) creating the authority.

Port authorities have been established at the Lake Erie cities of

Ashtabula, Cleveland, Cormeaut, Fairport Harbor, Huron, Lorain, and

Toledo, Cleveland and Toledo have combined with Cuyahoga and Lucas

Counties, respectively, to form joint port authorities with directors

appointed by both city and county. Sandusky Harbor is administered by

the City Comission. Port Clinton Harbor, principally utilized by

recreational craft, is administered by the City. Huron Harbor is ad-

ministered by a joint city-township port authority, Port authorities

vary in degree of involvement from port to port. Table 1 illustrates

the organization, support and function that Ohio's port authorities

have on Lake Erie.

TAKE 1: OHIO IAIKE ERIE PORT AUTHORITIES

Public
Port Port Authority Organizational Financial Function
Home Structure Support

Ashtabula Port of Ashtabula city --- Coordination

Cleveland Cleveland Cuyahoga City-County Tax Levy Coordination
County Port Promotion,
Authority Owners/Leases

Conneaut Conneaut Port city --- Coordination
Authority

Fairport Fairport Harbor city Tax Levy Coordination
Harbor Port Authority

Huron Huron Joint City-Township --- Coordination
Port Authority

Lorain Lorain Port city City Ap- Coordination
Authority propriation Owners/Leases
and Bond
Issue
Port Clinton No Port city City Funds Coordination
Authority

Sandusky No Port city City Income Coordination
Authority Conrmssion Tax

Toledo Toledo-Lucas City-County Tax Levy Coordination
County Port Promotion
Authority Owner/Leases

TOLEDO HARBOR

Location

Toledo Harbor is located at the western end of Lake Erie where the

Maumee River flows into Maumee Bay. It is presently handling more cargo

than any other Lake Erie port.' The port area consists of the lower,

seven-mile, deep-draft section of the Maumee River, and a dredged channel

extending 18 miles through Maumee Bay to deep water in Lake Erie.

Facilities

PIERS, WARVES, AND DOCKS

There are 41 piers, wharves, and docks located at the Port of Toledo.

Seven are located on Maumee Bay, east of the mouth of the Maumee River;

and 34, are divided equally along the right and left banks of the lower

seven miles of the Maumee River.

The Toledo-Lucas County Port Authority Facility No. 1 U-iarf handles

general and containerized cargo in foreign trade, and is operated by the

Port Authority and Toledo Overseas Terminals Company. This wharf is lo-

cated on the right bm* of the Maumee River, near the mouth, and provides

4,196 feet of berthing space with a water depth of 27 feet alongside at

low water datum. Wo transit sheds (Sheds A and B) provide a total of

122,500 square feet of space for cargo in transit. During the closed

navigation season, the transit shed space is used for public storage.

Open storage space is also available at the terminal for storing water-

borne cargo not requiring protection from the weather. TWo connecting

surface tracks are located an the wharf apron, and one platform-level

track extends along the rear of each transit shed; these tracks together

with other trackage serving the terminal connect with the Chesapeake

and Ohio Railway, The Industrial Molasses Corporation receives molasses,

vegetable oils, and chemicals through pipeline connections an the south

portion of the uiiarf- The Toledo Foreign-Trade Zone Operators, Inc.,

operates Foreigp-Trade Zone No, 8, located approximately 300,feet in rear

of Transit Shed A.

OIL RANDLING AND OIL BU@M. INC,

Nine of the waterfront facilities are equipped to receive and/or ship

petroleum products, bunker vessels, or to load a tank barge based at the

port for bunkering vessels at berth; eight are along the right bank and

one is an the left bank of the Maumee River.

Marine Fueling, Inc, operates the "Anna!', a diesel-powered towboat

with a rating of 200 horsepower, and a tank barge "Marine Fueler" for de-

livering bunker fuel to vessels at berth in the harbor; the towboat and

barge are based at the Standard Oil Marine Dock. The tank barge has an

overall length of 144 feet, a width of 27 feet, and a loaded draft of nine

feet, It is equipped with heating coils and diesel pumps, has a cargo-

carrying capacity of 5,200 barrels, and has six tank compartments for

Bunker C and diesel fuel. Depending on the location, vessels at berth
are occasio'nally supplied with bunker fuel by tank trucks. The tabulation

on the following page gives information of the facilities equipped to

handle petroleum products,

OIL-HANDLING AND OIL-BIN=G FACILITIES

STORAGE TANKS
OPERATOR AND/OR USER. NUMBER CAPACITY
(BARRELS)

Right bank, 14aumee River

Atlantic Richfield Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14(l) 770,000

Ashland Oil, Inc . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . 14(2) 376,000

Standard Oil Conpany of Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21(5) 1,021,000

Gulf Oil Co. - U.S., Division of Gulf Oil Corp . . . . . 24(5) 1,515,600

Phillips Petroleum Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2(6) 50,000(7)

Sun Oil Corrpany of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . 30(5) 2,300,000

The Toledo Edison Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 47,600(8)

Left bank, Maumee River

Shell Oil Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8(l) 216,000

TOTAL . . . . . . . 114 6,396,200

1. Wharf is equipped to receive and ship petroleum products, but at
tiiw of the survey, storage tanks at terminal were receiving pro-
ducts by inland pipeline.

2. Storage tanks also receive petroleum products by inland pipeline.

3. Loading tank barge for bunkering barges at berth.

4. Bunkering vessels.

5, Twenty-eight of the storage tanks located at company-owned refinery.

6. Storage tanks located at con-pany carbon black nmufacturing plant
about 0.25 mile inland.

7. Decanted oil,

8. Fuel oil for plant consumption,

COAL AND ORE HANDLING

D
Six of the waterfront facilities at the port are equ pped to shi,

coal and/or receive iron ore, Five of these facilities are located at

two terminals an the south side of Maumee Bay, adjacent to and east of the

mouth of the Maumee River; and one facilitv is located an the right bank

of the Maumee River, about 0.28 mile above the Norfolk and Western Rail-

way bridge, One of the terminals on Maumee Bay is operated by the Lake-

front Dock and Railroad Terminal Company, and one by the Chesapeake and

Ohio Railway Company; the waterfront facility an the Maumee River is

operated by Interlake, Inc.

The terminal of the Lakefront Dock and Railroad Terminal Coapany,

Piers Nos. 2 and 3, is owned by Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company,

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, and Perm Central Transportation Corn-

pany, Two, fixed, electric car duTpers are located an Pier No. 2 (one

on each side) for loading vessels with coal. The average vessel-loading

rate is 45 70-ton rail cars per hour. Each of the car dumpers is served

by a car-thawing plant, Four, traveling, electric, Hulett-type ore un-

loaders are on the east side of Pier No. 3; the conbined average rate of

the ore unloaders is 2,500 tons per hour. Rail tracks serving the ter-

minal connect with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the Baltimore and

Ohio Railroad, and tracks of the Perm Central Transportation Company via

the Toledo Terminal Railroad.

The adjacent Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company terminal, owned by

the Toledo-Lucas County Port Authority, includes the Ore and Coal Dock,

the Middle Pier, and the West Pier, The outer portion of the Ore and

Coal Dock is served by a traveling, electric, coal-loading tower having

an 80-foot, hinged-cantilevered boorn equipped with a telescopic chute

and an automatic trimming head. The tower has a vessel-loading rate

of 6,000 tons per hour and is served by a 96-inch, electric, belt-

conveyor system extending frcm six receiving, hoppers located under a

rotaxy car dumper in rear; two cars coupled can be dumped simultaneously.

The inner portion of the dock is served by three, traveling, electric,

Hulett-type ore unloaders which have a corrbined maximn rate of 2,000

tons per hour. On the Middle and West Piers, there is a total of three,

fixed, electric, car dumpers; each dumper has an average vessel-loading

rate of fifty 120-ton rail cars per hour, r1he coal-loading tower and

each of the three car dumpers are served by a car-thmAng plant, Rail

tracks and storage yards serving the terminal connect with the Chesa-

peake and Ohio Railway via the Toledo Tenninal Railroad.

Each of the five, fixed, electric, car dumpers, at the two terminals,

consists of a rail car elevator which raises and dtrps coal into a

hinged-receiving pan. Frm this point, the coal flows through a tele-

scopic chute equipped with a trinydng head, which distributes the coal

to all parts of the vessels' holds. The pan and telescopic chute swing

upward to allow vessels to be positioned under the chute; the car dumpers

are also used for supplying vessels with bunker coal,

Thterlake, Inc., receives iron ore, coal, and limestone at its

facility on the right bank of the Maumee River. The wharf is equipped

with three, 5-ton, electric, traveling, straight-line, gantry cranes

for unloading ore; and one 7 1/2-ton, electric, traveling, gantry crane

equipped with an electric magnet for loading vessels with pig iron. The

conbined average rate of the three iron ore unloading cranes is 550 tons

per hour. Coal is usually received at the wharf by self-unloading vessels.
Two electric, traveling, bridge cranes,'equipped with 10-ton coal and 15-

ton ore clamshell buckets, serve the open storage areas at rear of the

wharf; these areas have a capacity for 550,000 tons of iron ore and

100,000 tons of coal. Rail tracks serving the wharf connect with Norfolk

and Western Railway.

GRAIN ELEVATORS

Eight grain elevators with a total capacity of 39,200,000 bushels

are located in the Toledo area; four of these are located along the water-

front, three of which have facilities for the shipment of grain by water.

One of the waterfront elevators is privately owned and operated by

Nabisco, Inc., and is located on the rip@it bank of the Maumee River, bet-

ween the foot of Craig Street and Paine Avenue extended. This elevator

has a capacity of 6,000,000 bushels and receives and ships grain by rail.

Cargill, Inc., owns and operates a 2,000,000-bushel elevator an the

right bank of the Maumee River below the Penn Central Transportation Com-

pany railroad bridge. Bulk grain is received by rail and hi&'iway truck

and shipped by water from the conpany's wharf. Additional storage for

4,400,000 bushels of grain is available at the conpany's Maumee elevator,

located about eiE@it miles distant.

A 4,800,000-bushel elevator is located above the Penn Central Trans-

portation Conpany railroad bridge, an the right bank of the Maumee River.

This elevator and wharf are owned and operated by Mid-States Terminals,

Inc., and are equipped to receive grain by rail and highway truck

and ship grain by water.

The Andersons River Terminal Elevator and wharf are on the left

bank of the Maumee River, near the upper side of the Penn Central Trans-

portation Company railroad bridge. Bulk grain is received at the

2,000,000-bushel capacity elevator by rail hopper cars and hip@hway trucks

from The Andersons 14,000,000-bushel capacity elevator at Maumee, Ohio.

The list below gives the grain storage facilities in the Toledo area

showing the operator, location, and capacity of the elevators.

LIST OF GRAIN STORAGE FACILITIES

STORAGE
NAME OF OPERATOR LOCATION CAPACITY
(BUSBELS)

*The Andersons . . . . . . . . Toledo, Ohio 2,000,000
The Andersons . . . . . . . . Maumee, Ohio 14,000,000
*Cargill, Inc . . . . . . . . . Toledo, Ohio 2,000,000
Cargill, Inc . . . . . . . . . Maumee, Ohio 4,400,000
Michigan Elevator Exchange Ottawa Lake, Mich. 4,000,000
*Mid-States Terminals, Inc. Toledo, Ohio 4,800,000
Nabisco, Inc . . . . . . . . . Toledo, Ohio 6,000,000
Rice Grain Co . . . . . . . . Toledo, Ohio 2,000,000

TOTAL . . . . . . 39,200,000

Elevators located along Maumee River and equipped with waterfront
facilities for shipment of grain by water.

RAIL LINES

The port area of Toledo is served by the following railroads:

Am Arbor Railroad
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad
Detroit and Toledo Shore Line Railroad

Lakefront Dock and Railroad Terminal Corrpany
Norfolk and Western Railway
Penn Central Transportation Corrpany
Toledo, Angola & Western Railway
Toledo Terminal Railroad

Trackage among these railroads enables each to interchange cars with

the others, either directly or through connecting roads.

The Toledo Terminal Railroad is a belt line that encircles the City

of Toledo. It perfonas extensive switching service for industries located

along its route, as well as switching for most of the rail lines in Toledo.

The Lakefront Dock and Railroad Terminal Corrpany is (x%7ned jointly by the

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, and the Perm

Central Transportation Conpany. Its purpose is to operate their coal

and ore dock facilities, Piers 1, 2, and 3 and the adjacent supporting

rail yards- these facilities are located on Maumee Bay east of the mouth

of the Maumee River.

Spoil Disposal

In light of the fact that sediments in the Maumee River have been

declared polluted by U.S. EPA, the Corps of Engineers is cbligated to

confine the dredge material. In 1976 a 242-acre diked disposal facility

in Maumee Bay, nearlthe mouth of the river, was completed and put into

service. This facility (Facility No. 3) will contain the dredge spoil

material for a period of 10 years. When filled, this structure will be-

come a part of the Toledo-Lucas County Port Authority's facilities.

Ccnmdities and Lcqp@a&e
The tonnage of conmodities handled at the Port of Toledo declined

steadily from 1966 (43,932,128) to 1974 (21,556,519) but increased to

23,628,827 tons in 1975. The major reason for the decline has been

decreases in handling of coal, The principal commodities handled at
the port are coal, iron ore, grain, fuel oil, and general cargo, The
following shows the tonnage of commodities handled since 1966.

1966 43,932,128
1967 38,830,236
1968 34,659,837
1969 31,117,975
1970 31,932,493
1971 27,310,667
1972 25P248,550
1973 24,921,753
1974 21,556,519
Port n@na @emm@t 1975 23,628,827
Toledo Ba-rbor is controlled by the Toledo-Lucas County Port Au-

thority. The Port Authority adheres to the rules and regulations for

port authorities as promulgated in Chapter 4582 of the Ohio Revised
Code, The Port Authority presently owns 4,000 acres within the harbor,
but is continually expanding, The City of Toledo controls land uses

both within and adjacent to the harbor through zoning ordinances.

Major Problem

Four major problem face the Port of Toledo-

1. competition with other Great Lakes and ocean ports
for business;

2. maintenance dredging the non-federal areas of the
harbor;

3. shortened navigation season; and

4. the need for bulk storage areas.

Public Access

Numerous public access areas are found within the Toledo Harbor,

The Port Authority is presently working with the City of Toledo and the

Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments an the restoration of

the lower Maumee River. This project is heavily recreation oriented and

will include plans for public access and recreation sites along the harbor.

PORT CLINTON HARBOR

Port Clinton Harbor is located at the mouth of the Portage River.
The navigable channel is maintained at a depth of 10 feet from the mouth

of the river to the Monroe Street Bridge.

Port Clinton Harbor is a small harbor principally serving recre-

ational craft. Some sand and gravel is shipped from Canada and one

cannercial fish conpany uses the dock facilities.

The City of Port Clinton has no port authority. The City owns pro-

perty along both sides of the harbor. Land uses within and adjacent

to the harbor are controlled by city zoning ordinances.

There are three major problem facing the harbor:

1. The need to dredge upstream from the Route 2 bridge
to expand recreational use;

2, the breakwalls at the mouth are riprap and consequently
are dangerous to the public seeking access to the lake;
and

3. the drawbridge at Monroe Street creates quite a traffic
problem an busy weekends.

The location and construction of a confined spoil disposal site

are no longer prcblems as further studies by the U.S. EPA in 1975 showed

the sediments to be only partially polluted. Consequently, this did

not warrant the construction of a site. The dredged materials will now

be duaped into the open lake.

There are numerous public access points along the harbor, parti-

cularly at the mouth where there are riprap brealwaters. Fishing is

popular along these areas.

SANDUSKY HARBOR

Location

Sandusky Harbor is located an the southeast shore of Sandusky Bay.

Entrance to the Bay and Lake Erie is via a dredged channel between Sand

and Cedar Points.

Facilities

PIERS, WARVES, AND DOCKS

Fourteen piers, wharves, and docks are described in this report for

the Port of Sandusky, Ohio. All are located an the south side of San-

dusky Bay; eleven, along a one-n-rile stretch of the city's waterfront bet-

ween Perry and Shelby Streets, and three, at the west end of the harbor

between the foot of Broadway and Olds Streets extended.

COAL HANDLING AND COAL BUNKERING

The Lower Lake Dock Company operates Piers Nos. 1 and 3 for the

shipmnt of cargo coal and for supplying bunker coal to vessels. These

piers are owned by the Norfolk and Western Railway Company and are

located at the west end of the harbor. A fixed car dumper, with a nmxi-

mLrn lift capacity of 120 tons, is located on each of these piers. On

Pier No. 1, the dumper is stearn-electric operated and has a vessel-

loading rate of 35 cars per hour; and on Pier No. 3, the dumper is

electrically operated and has a loading rate of 40 cars per hour. The

car dumpers are also used for supplying vessels with bunker coal, The

car dumper on Pier No. 3 also serves a belt-conveyor systern extending

to an open storage area in the center of the pier. The storage area

has a capacity for 850,000 tons of coal and is served by a stacker-

reclaimier equipped with a conveyor boom for stacking and a bucket wheel

for reclaiming. Coal is reclaimed at a rate of 1, 500 tons per hour and

travels via belt conveyor to three surge silos. Vessels are loaded at a
rate of 6,000 tons Der hour via a belt conveyor extending frorn the surge

silos to the car dumper hopper pan. Extensive backup yards of the Norfolk

and Western Railway serve the two car du-npers. Pier No. 2 is used exclu-

sively for mooring vessels during the closed navigation season.

RAIL LINES

The Port of Sandusky is served by three trunkline railroads: Balti-

more and Ohio Railroad, Norfolk and Western Railway, and the Penn Central

Transportation Ccnpany. Joint trackage agreements provide interchange

service between all railroad lines. Direct access to the port area frm

the state highways is by local streets. State Highways 2 and 4 and U.S.

Routes 250 and 6 provide access to the surrounding areas.

Recreation within the harbor area consists of notorboating, water

skiing, sailboating, and fishing. There are numerous simll boat harbors

along the city waterfront and a passenger ferry service to and from Canada,
The harbor is served'by the Custom and LmAgration Service, a cannercial

fishing operation, and a ferry service to Kelleys Island.

Spoil Disposal

Selection of a suitable site for the construction of a confined spoil

facility is unquestionably the rwst crucial problern facing the Port of

Sandusky. The Sandusky City ChmTLssion and the Ohio Department of Natural-

Resources have proposed several sites within the Bay; however, allh,ave

been disapproved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Prospects for

finding a suitable site are not favorable.

Commodities and Tonnage

The annual tonnage handled by the Port of Sandusky has fluctuated

considerably fran 1966 to 1975. Coal has been by far the must important

commodity handled by the port, The following shows the tonnage handled

from 1966 to 1975.

1966 3,805,129
1967 5,910,481
1968 6,921,785
1969 6,857,358
1970 5,078,007
1971 4,883,103
1972 5,612,730
1973 4,913,719
1974 4,220,604
1975 4,532,500

Port Management

The City of Sandusky has no port authority. However, it does have

an active part committee appointed by the City Commission. The port

conTaittee is responsible for making recommendations to the City Commission

an port-related matters.

The City owns land within the harbor at Battery Park and at the

Jackson Street Park. The reminder of the harbor area is privately

owned. The City cantrols land uses within and adjacent to the harbor

through zoning ordinances. Also, the City controls land-filling along

the harbor.

Major Problem

Two major problem face the Port of Sandusky:

1. Selection of a suitable site for the disposal of
dredged materials. To date, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service has disapproved any site which
would require filling of any portion of Sandusky
Bay; and

2. conpetition with other Great Lakes and ocean ports for
Public Access business.

There are nmy spots along the harbor where there is public access.

Two of the niore heavily used areas include Battery Park and Jackson Street

Park. In both areas, fishing, picnicking and other form. of active re-

creation can be enjoyed,

HURON HARBOR

Location

Huron Harbor is located on the south shore of Lake Erie at the

mouth of the Huron River. The harbor comprises the lower mile of the

Huron River, a turning basin, two connecting slips, and an outer harbor

and connecting diannel.

Facilities

PIERS, WARVES, AND DOM

Six %+ku-ves and docks are described in this report for the Port of

Huron. One, located on the left bank of the Huron River above the foot

of Wall Street, is used for the receipt of fish. The remaining five

waterfront facilities are located along the right bank of the river and

the sides of two privately owned slips, One, The Pillsbury Ccn-pm-iy Grain

Elevator lbarf, used for the receipt and shipment of grain, is located

on the west side of Slip No. 2; one, the Norfolk and Western Railway

Company's dock, used for the receipt of iron ore, is located on the east

side of Slip No. 2; and one, operated by the Huron Lim Company, used

for the receipt of lin-p-stone, is situated on the east side of the mouth

of the Huron River and the outer east side of Slip No. 1. The remaining

two are not used for handling waterborne camye-rce, but are used for

rnoring vessels during the closed navigation season, The west side of

the harbor is used exclusively by recreational craft.

ORE HANDLING

Iron ore is received at the Norfolk and Western Railway Company's

Ore Dock located an the east side of Slip No. 2. The wharf is operated

by the Lake Erie Dock Company, is of concrete bulkhead construction with

solid fill at rear, and provides 1,400 feet of berthing space with water

depths of 26 to 27 feet alongside at low water datum. Two electric,

Hulett-type ore unloaders are located on the wharf; each is equipped with

a 17-ton bucket. Together they can unload 1,700 tons per hour. Ore can

be unloaded from vessels directly into rail cars under the unloaders or

deposited in an open ore trough at rear. Ore is transferred from the

trough to an open storage area at rear by use of an electric, traveling,

bridge crane equipped with a 12-ton bucket; the open storage area has a

capacity for 600,000 tons of ore, and the trough has a capacity for 45,000

tons. Three marginal surface tracks of the Norfolk and Western Railway

extend along the wharf and connect with two tracks along the east side

of the ore trough; these tracks have a total capacity for 120 cars.

GTAIN ELEVATORS

The Pillsbury Ccirpany owns and operates a 1,300,000-bushel grain

elevator located at rear of their wharf; this wharf extends along the west

side of Slip No. 2 and provides 832 feet of berthing space with water

depths alongside ranging fran 26 to 27 feet at low water datun, The

elevator is equipped to receive and ship grain via highway trucks, rail

cars, and vessels, A fixed, vessel-unloading and -loading tower, equipped

with a marine leg and loading spout, is located near the center of the

wharf; the marine leg has a unloading rate of 35,000 bushels per hour, and

the loading spout a rate of 25,000 bushels per hour. Grain is unloaded

from rail cars by an electric, automatic, car durrper at a rate of eight

cars per hour; and rail cars can be loaded by use of a spout at a rate of
15,000 bushels per hour. A truck dunper, with a lift capacity of 50 tons,

can unload a truck carrying 600 bushels of bulk grain in 55 seconds. An

8-story mill building is located adjacent to the west side of the ele,

vator; the mill, formerly used for Twnufacturing animal and poultry

feed, was not in use at the time of the survey. A 12-inch pipeline ex-

tends from the face of the wharf to three, steel, molasses storage tanks

having a total capacity for 4,642 barrels; neither pipeline nor tanks

were in use at the time of the survey. Plant trackage connects with the
Norfolk and Western Railway. RAIL LIMS

Huron is served by the Norfolk and Western Railroad and the Conrail

System. and their connections, and is considered a mainline point an

both roads', The Norfolk and Western Railroad owns the ore unloading

area which is operated under lease to the Lake Erie Dock Company. In

addition, the land being used by the Huron Lime Company is leased from

Norfolk and Western Railroad which also awns most of the land on the

eastern bank of the Huron River south of the railroad bridge to the

southern boundary of Huron Township.

t9poil Disposal

At the close of 1975 the Corps of Engineers completed construction

of a diked disposal structure to contain the polluted spoil materials

removed during the regular annual maintenance of the navigation channel.

The semicircular structure, located on the lake side of the west pier,

occupies approximately 63 acres and has a designed capacity of 2,150,000

cubic yards to accommodate spoil material for a 10-year period. Vhen

completely filled the site will be converted into recreational complex

by the City of Huron.

Conviodities and Tonnage

The tonnage of commodities handled at the Port of Huron increased

steadily from 1966 (1,305,995) to 1973 (3,655,463), dropped slightly in

1974 to 3,325,132 tons, and decreased dramatically to 2,115,680 tons in

1975. The port handles almost entirely bulk cargo; namely iron ore, lirre--

stone, and grain. The following shows the tonnage handled from 1966 to
1975. 1966 1,305,995
1967 1,676,915
1968 2,552,666
1969 3,314,531
1970 2,942,354
1971 3,332,027
1972 3,380,742
1973 3,655,463
1974 3,325,132
1975 2,115,680

Port Management

Huron Harbor is controlled by the Huron Joint Port Authority. The

Port Authority adheres to the rules and regulations for port authorities

as promulgated in Chapter,4582 of the Ohio Revised Code.

The City owns no land within the harbor. The Port Authority is

currently looking to expand their facility southward of the Route 2 bridge.

The City of Huron controls land uses both within and adjacent to the har-

bor through zoning ordinances.

Major Problem

There are three major problem facing the Port of Huron. They are:

1. Lack of funding for better port promotim and management;

2. need for port planning funds; and

3. competition with other Great Lakes and ocean ports for
business.

Public Access

There are numerous public access areas on the west bank of the

harbor. The west breakwater stretches for more than one-half mile lake-

ward, providing public access along its entire length. Also, numerous

other srmll access points are located on the west bank. All of these

provide access for fishing or observation,

LORAIN HARBOR

Location

Lorain Harbor is a major lake harbor located on the south shore of

Lake Erie at the mouth of the Black River. The harbor consists of an

outer harbor fonied by a system of converging breakwaters in Lake Erie;

and an inner harbor which includes the lower three miles of the Black

River, The outer harbor covers an area of about 60 acres and the break-

waters have a total length of 8,500 feet. The entrance to the Black

River is protected by two parallel piers, the outer ends of which are

located about 1,800 feet from the outer harbor entrance.

As a result of the continuing maintenance program of the Corps of

Engineers, harbor depths correspond to those in connecting waterways

of the St. Lawrence Seaway-Great Lakes Systern. The harbor areas can

accomnodate the largest vessels on the Great Lakes.

Facilities

PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS

The Port of Lorain has 23 piers, wharves and docks, Three are lo-

cated on the outer harbor, and seven are situated an the left bank, and

13 on the right bank of the Black River within the City of Lorain.

OIL HANDLING AND OIL BUSKMING

There are no waterfront facilities at the port operated for the re-

ceipt and/or shipmnt of petroleurn products by vessel.

Marine Fueling, Incorporated, operates a self-propelled tank

vessel--'@@.ine Fuel II"--for delivering bunker fuel to vessels at berth

in the harbor. This diesel-operated, 175-horsepower vessel, based at

the Erie Sand & Gravel Conpany, Lorain Dock, has an overall length of

101 feet, a width of 20 feet, and a loaded draft of nine feet. It is

equipped with heating coils and pimps, and has a cargo-carrying capacity

of 1,140 barrels of Bunker C and 47 barrels of diesel fuel. Bunker C

is furnished to vessels at a rate of 500 gallons per minute and diesel

fuel at a rate of 3 barrels per minute. A 1,430-barrel capacity tank

barge moored at the dock is used for storage.

COAL HAMLING AND COAL BUNKERING

The Toledo, Lorain & Fairport Conpany operates the Baltimore and Ohio

Railroad Company's Coal Pier for the shipment of cargo coal, and for

supplying bunker coal to vessels. '1his pier is located between the foot

of Hamilton and Oberlin Avenues, and has 1,095 feet of berthing space an

the northeast side with 27-foot depth of water alongside at low water

datum. A fixed, electric, car dunper, on the northeast side of the pier,

dumps 38 to 45 cars per hour into a hinged, receiving, hopper pan (dun-per

can handle cars up to 120-ton. capacity). Fr(xn this point, the coal flows

through a telescopic-loading., chute into the vessels' holds. The car dumper

is also used occasionally for supplying vessels with bunker coal. Tracks

of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad serving the dumper include four loaded-

car tracks with a capacity for 130 cars and four enpty-car tracks with a

capacity for 160 cars. These tracks join with the nearby Erie Avenue

Yard, which has a capacity for 300 cars.

ORE HANDLING

At the Port of Lorain, two wharves receive iron ore, the principal

commodity handled. One.wtiarf is owned by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

Conpany and the other, by the United States Steel Corporation.

The Toledo, Lorain & Fairport Company operates the Baltimore and Ohio

Railroad Company's Ore Dock, This wharf is located an the left bank of

the Black River between its mouth and the Erie Avenue Bridge, and has

1,775 feet of berthing space with a water depth of 27 feet alongside at

low water datum, Three electric, traveling, straight-line, gantry cranes

on the west portion of the wharf can unload ore fram vessels at a com-

bined rate of 1,000 tons per hour; each of the cranes is equipped with a

10-ton traveling bucket. Ore can be unloaded from vessels directly

into rail cars or trucks under the cranes, or deposited into a 100,000-

ton, open storage area at rear. An additional 750,000-ton, open storage

area for ore lies east of the Erie Avenue Bridge, The wharf is also

used for receiving limestone by self-unloading, vessels. Three marginal

surface tracks of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad extend along the rear

of the face of the wharf, have a capacity for approximately 200 cars,

and comect with the railroad's Erie Avenue Yard.

The wharf of the United States Steel Corporation, Lorain Works, also

is used for the receipt of iron ore and limestone. It is located on the

left bank of the river at the upper limits of navigation, and has 2,490

feet of berthing space with water depths of 23 to 28 feet alongside at

low water datum, Three electric, Hulett-type, ore unloaders on the

wharf can unload vessels at a conbined rate of 1,500 tons per hour; each

of the unloaders has a 20-ton bucket. Ore can be unloaded directly into

rail cars under the unloaders, or transferred by use of two 15-, and one

20-ton, electric, traveling, bridge cranes to a 2,590,000-ton capacity,

open storage area at rear, including trough. The bridge cranes are also

used for loading material from. the open area into cars for transfer to

blast furnaces or to other plants. The wharf is also used for the

receipt of limestone by self-unloading vessel, Tracks serving the wharf

and steel plant in rear connect with the Lake Terminal Railroad.

RAIL LINES

The Lorain Harbor is served by three trunkline railroads, Baltimore

and Ohio Railroad; Penn Central Transportation Company; and Norfolk and

Western Railway; a terminal switching carrier, the Lake Terminal Railroad;

and a short-line freight carrier, the Lorain and West Virginia Railway,

(aomed by the Norfolk and Western Railway). The Lake Terminal Railroad

has interchanges with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Lorain, and with

the Lorain and West Virginia Railway, Perm Central Transportation Con-pany,

and Norfolk and Western Railway in South Lorain.

Spoil Disposal

A diked disposal structure is currently under construction adjacent

to the east breakwater. The area enclosed by the dike will cover about

58 acres and will acconmdate 1,850,000 cubic yards of sediments over a

10 year period.

Conmdities and Tonnage

The annual tonnage handled by the Lorain Harbor has fluctuated con-

siderably since 1966. Irm ore, coal, and limestone have continually been

the most important commodities handled at the port. The following shows

the annual tonnage of conTnodities handled at the port since 1966.

1966 6,620,983
1967 5,553,438
1968 10,624,684
1969 9,112,820
1970 8,573,098
1971 7,483,789
1972 10,173,023
1973 11,584,368
1974 9,076,890
1975 7,650,341

Port Management

Lc)rain Harbor is controlled by the Lorain Port Authority which was

created in 1964 to further Lorain's position as a world port, The Port

Authority adheres to the rules and regulations for port authorities as

promulgated in Chapter 4582 of the Ohio Revised Code. Some of Lorain's

major achievements have been the financing of a million dollar dry dock

and improvements for the American Ship Building Conpany through an in-

dustrial revenue bond share. The Port Authority also financed the con-

struction of a five million dollar terminal facility for Allied Oil

Conpany which has improved Lorain's water transportation resources.

With the advent of the 1,000 foot vessels, the Port Authority has

requested the Corps of Engineers to undertake a study to determine the

improvements needed for the Lorain Harbor to accoamdate passage and

safe navigation of 1,100 foot vessels. The House of Representatives

Public Works and Transportation CamAttee has adopted a resolution re-

camnending that the Corps of Engineers be authorized to undertake such

a study.

With the exceptions of the Lakeview Park project on the west side

of the harbor and the area near the sewage treatment plant, all of the

area within the harbor is privately owned. The City controls land uses

within and adjacent to the harbor through zoning ordinances.-

Maj or Problem

Three major problem face the Port of Lorain:

1, The Route 2 bridge is a definite detriment to navigation;

2. the Port of Lorain's only future is in the handling of
bulk conmdities; and

3. coripetition with other Great Lakes and ocean ports for
business.

'Public Access

There are two public access points within the harbor; both are on the

west bank. One is the Lakeview Park Project and the other is a several

hundred-foot stretch of the east bank near the sewage treatnent plant.

CIEVELAND HARBOR

Location

The Port of Cleveland, the second largest port on Lake Erie, is

located on the south shore of Lake Erie at the Muth of the Cuyahoga

River, It consists of a 5-mile long outer harbor area along the Cleve-

land lakefront, an inner harbor area extending 5.8 miles up the Cuyahoga

River, and a connecting Old River (the former Cuyahoga River mouth),

Facilities

PIERS, WHARVES, AM DOM

The Cleveland Harbor has 38 piers, wharves, and docks for cargo

handling, Fourteen are located in the East and West Basins of the

Outer Harbor; 11, along the banks of the Old River; and 47, along the

deep-draft section of the Cuyahoga River.

OIL HANDLING AND OIL BUNKERING

Ten of Cleveland's waterfront facilities are equipped to receive

and/or ship petroleum products, fuel towboats, or load a tank vessel

based at the port for bunkering vessels at berth; seven are along the

left bank and two are an the right bank of the upper part of the im-

proved channel of the Cuyahoga River, and one is on the Old River.

Marine Fueling, Inc,, operates a self-propelled tank vessel--"bhrine

Fuel Oil"--for delivering bu*er fuel to vessels at berth in the harbor.

This diesel-operated vessel has an overall length of 116.6 feet, a width

of 31.6 feet, and a loaded draft of 10.6 feet. It is equipped with

nine diesel pumps, has a cargo-carrying capacity of 4,330 barrels, and

has three tank conpartnmts--one each for No. 6, No. 2, and No. 1 fuel

oils. No. 6 fuel is furnished to vessels at a rate of 1,000 gallons

per minute and No. 1 and No. 2 fuel oil at a rate of 800 gallons per

minute.

Depending on the location, vessels at berth are occasionally supplied

with bunker fuel by tank trucks.

OIL-HANDLING AND OIL-BUNK1=G FACIL=S

STORAGE TANKS
OPERATOR AND/OR USER NUMBER CAPACITY
(BARMLS)

OLD RIVER

Allied Oil Co., a Division of Ashland
Oil & Refining Co . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 372,000
International Salt Co . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3,060(2)

CUYAHOGA RIVER

Shell Oil Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 165,700
Texaco, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13(4) 437,095
Mobil Oil Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 171,400
Gulf Oil Co.-U.S., Division of Gulf
Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11(4) 386,543
Byerlyte Co., A Dept. of Koppers
Co., Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8(6) 96,085
Atlantic Richfield Co . . . . . . . . . . . 8(7) 45,694
Marine Fueling, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 108,082
Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland
District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 35,715
Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp . . . . . . . . 2 107,510(2)

TOTAL . . . . 110 1,928,884

1. 11--tered pump on wharf for fueling tugs.

2. Fuel oil for plant consunption.

3. T,,&=f equipped to receive and ship petroleum products
by water, but at time- of survey, storage tanks at
terminal were receiving products by inland pipeline.
4, Storage tanks also receive petroleum products by inland
pipeline,

5. Loading tank barge for bunkering vessels at berth,

6. Six tanks used for storing asphalt, total capacity
59,050 barrels; and 2 tanks for storing petrochemicals,
total capacity 37,035 barrels.

7. Storage tanks receive petroleum products by inland
pipeline,

ORE HANCLING

Seven of the waterfront facilities at the port receive iron ore,

In addition to handling ore, four receive limestone by self-unloading

vessels; two, ferrous scrap? one, fuel oil for plant consuTption; two

ship steel products; and me, pig iron. Each is a marginal, solid-

filled, bulkheaded-type wharf, and has water depths alongside ranging
frcm 30 to 10 feet at low water datan. @11, with the exception of me,

have rail connections,

Five of the seven ore wharves are operated by three steel conpanies

and are equipped to transfer ore directly from the storage areas in

rear to nearby, conpany-owned, steel plants. The wharves are along

both banks of the Cuyahoga River, between the Center Street Bridge and

the head of navigation. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Central Furnaces

Ore Wharf, and Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland District, Upper Dock

are along the right bank; and Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland District,

Lower Dock, and Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Cleveland Works Wharf

are along the left bank of the river.

The two remaining wharves are used for the receipt of iron ore

for rail shipment: Penn Central Transportation Co.'s Ore Dock No, 11,

operated by the Ohio and Western Pennsylvania Dock Co., is an the lake-

front at the west end of the West Basin; and the Erie-Lackawanna Railway

SMMY OF ORE-HANDLING FACILITIES

DEPTHS
BERTHING ALONGSIDE UNLOADING EQUIP@= ',TMRAGE
OPERATOR SPACE AT LWD TYPE RATE CAPACITY
(FEET) (TONS/HR.) (TONS)

Ohio and Western Pennsylvania
Dock Co . . . . . . . . . . . 1,875 30-24 4 Buletts 800, each 1,036,000

Erie,Dock Co . . . . . . . . . 1,620 26-21 3 Huletts 2,500, total --- (1)

Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. 920 23-19 Self-unloading vessels 100,000(2)

United States Steel Corp. 900 23-21 2 Huletts 350, each 530,000 Pd
Republic Steel Corp . . . . . . 3,340 23-10 2 Huletts 1,000, total 750,000 C>@

Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. 1,780 23-19 2 Gantry 300, each 955,500(3)
1 Bridge 500
Republic Steel Corp . . . . . . 1,250 23-20 2 Huletts 500, each 785,500

l.. No storage available at wharf, iron ore is unloaded directly from vessels to rail cars for shipment.

2. Reserve storage.

3. Additional open storage area for 261,200 tons of ore available north of Clark Avenue Viaduct.

Co.'s Ore Dock, operated by Erie Dock Co., is on the right bank of Old

River, west of the Willow Avenue Bridge.

GRAIN ELEVATORS

Two private, waterside, grain elevators are located at the port;

each has facilities for receiving grain by rail and by water,

The International Maltifoods, Inc., owns and operates a 590,000-

bushel elevator at the rear of its wharf an the right bank of the

Cuyahoga River, approximately 270 feet above the Center Street Bridge.

This elevator, consisting of two wooden, storage bins and 20 concrete

silos, is used in comection with the milling operations of the conpany.

The wharf provides 350 feet of berthing space with 22- to 18-foot

depths of water alongside at low water datun. A marine leg unloads

grain from vessels at a rate of 8,000 bushels per hour; grain is un-

loaded from rail cars by power shovels at a rate of four cars per eight

hours, Rail tracks serving the elevator and flour mill connect with

tracks of the Pem Central Transportation Co.

The elevator and wharf of Sherwin-Williwns Chendcals, a division of

The Sherwin-Williams Co., are on the left bank of the Cuyahoga River,

approximately 475 feet below the West 3rd Street Bridge. The wharf

provides 763 feet of berthing space with 23- to 18-foot depths of water

alongside at low water datum, A mrine leg unloads flaxseed from vessels

into nine steel storage tanks at a rate of 5,000 bushels per hour. The

tanks, at rear of the upper part of the wharf, have a total capacity

for 700,000 bushels. Additional storage for flaxseed is provided in

the holds of vessels moored alongside the wharf during the closed

-navigational season. In addition to receiving flaxseed, the cmpany also

uses the wiiarf for the shipment of linseed oil. Two, 3-inch pipelines

extend to the vh=f from 22 storage tanks located at the mill in rear;

the tanks have a total capacity for 2,000,000 gallons. Rail tracks

serving the elevator and linseed oil mill connect with the Erie-Lackawanna

Railway,

The Port Authority expects to expand its facilities and improve its

haxbor in the near future. The Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority

has purchased 17.5 acres of land from the Penn Central Transportation Corn-

pany. This parcel will be used for the construction of a 150,000 square

foot warehouse and a new container terminal an the lakefront. The entire

project will cost nearly $5.5 million, including a $1.25 n&llian grant

from the Economic Development Administration that was approved in June of

1972. Existing overseas piers are modern, but limited. The warehouse-

terminal project and related land acquisition from the Penn Central will

provide backup space and improve utilization of the piers,

The Authority has put considerable time and money into aiding the

interlake trade, even though these facilities are predominately private,

and hence non-revenue producing for the Authority. This effect involves

eliminating or minimizing the bottlenecks caused by channel constraints

and older bulk cargo facilities on the Cuyahoga River.

RAIL LINES

Cleveland, Ohio, is served by four trunkline railroads: Baltixnore

and Ohio Railroad; Erie-Lackawanna Railway; Norfolk and Western Railway;

and Pein Central Transportation Co.; by two terminal railroads: Cuyahoga

Valley Railway and River Terminal Railway; and by one belt line, Newburgi

and South Shore Railway, The belt line handles only carload freight in

terminal switch novenient between industries on its line and other rail-

roads, or in intermediate switch movments between railroads.

Spoil Disposal

Construction began in early 1977 an the new seven-year spoil disposal

site (Site 14) near Gordon Park. This site will be completed in late
1978. Presently, the dredgings are being dumped into Site 12, a three-

year site.

Commodities and Tonnage

The tonnage of canwdities handled at the Cleveland Harbor was

relatively stable from 1966 to 1974, averaging over 22 million tons per

year. In 1975, however, the tonnage dropped to 18,145,180 tons. Iron

ore, limestone, non-netallic ninerals, and general cargo are the most

important conwdities. The following shows the tonnage handled since

1966,

1966 24,020,820
1967 20,685,918
1968 23,307,504
1969 24,649,054
1970 22,857,537
1971 20,551,928
1972 23,865,810
1973 24,828,323
1974 21,933,874
1975 18,145,180

Port Management

Cleveland Harbor is controlled by the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County

Port Authority. The Authority adheres to the rules and regulations for

port authorities as promulgated in Chapter 4582 of the Ohio Revised

Code,

The Port Authority presently owns 20 acres within the harbor. The

majority of the harbor is in private ownership, The City of Cleveland

controls land uses both within and adjacent to the harbor through zoning

ordinances.

Maj or Problem

There are five major problem facing the Port of Cleveland. They

are:

*1. Both the lakefront harbor entrance and the channel
configurations and depths are restrictive. Modern
vessels of 1,000 feet and more can not operate due
to physical restrictions in the harbor entrance and
river channel;

2. expansion of existing pier facilities is an early
requirement with particular need for bulk cargo
storage and a tank farm for petroleum and other
liquid commodities;

3. lack of funding for proper promotion and nonagement
of the port;

4. competition with other Great Lakes and ocean ports
for business; and

5. the inefficiencies created by the shortened navigation
season,

Public Access

There are numerous public access points to the Cleveland Harbor,

The most heavily used areas are the Ninth Street Pier, Pier 34 (Gateway

Project), Gordon Park, and Edgewater Park. The proposed Cleveland

Lakefront State Park would dramatically increase access to the haxbor.

*The Corps of Engineers has thoroughly studied this problem. They have
arrived at a series of potential alternatives, and their benefit-cost
ratios, for solving the problem., Their studies are documented in the
"Cleveland Harbor Feasibility Study".

PORT OF FAIRPORT HARBOR

Location

Fairport Harbor is located on the south shore of Lake Erie at the

mouth of the Grand River, The harbor consists of a breakwater-protected

area of about 360 acres an the lake--the outer harbor--and the lower 1,5

miles of the Grand River--the imer harbor. The east breakwater extends

southeast frcin the lake entrance for a distance of about 1,300 feet,

thence in an easterly direction for about 5,450 feet; the east end of the

breakwater is about 2,800 feet offshore. The west breakwater is 3,878

feet long and extends north-northeast from the shore.

Facilities

PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS

There are 16 wharves and docks located in Fairport Harbor, All

are located along the banks of the Grand River, extending from the mouth

to a point approximately 1.5 miles upstream; 11 of these are an the

left bank and five are on the right bank of the river. Three of the

wharves are contiguous and provide almost 2,800 feet of continuous

berthing space with average depths alongside of 18 feet at low water

dat-Ln.

RAIL LINES

Fairport Harbor, Ohio, is served by two trunkline railroads and

one industrial switching line: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (Chessie

Systern); Penn Central Transportation Cmpany; and the Fairport, Paines-

ville and Eastern Railroad. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has inter-

changes at nearby Painesville with tracks of the Penn Central Trans-

portion Cwpany and the Norfolk and Western Railway.

The Fairport, Painesville and Eastern Railroad (a subsidiary of

Diamond Shamrock Corporation) is a short line which furnishes terminal

and switching service through direct connections with the Baltimore and

Ohio Railroad at Fairport Harbor; and with the Penn Central Transportation

Company and Norfolk and Western Railway at Perry, Ohio.

Spoil Disposal

The location and construction of a spoil disposal site are no longer

prcblen-s, as further studies by U.S. EPA have shown that the harbor is

only rrarginally polluted and does not warrant the construction of a can-

fined spoil disposal site.

Commodities and Tonnage

The annual tonnage handled by Fairport Harbor has gradually in-

creased since 1966. The principal ccamdities handled include li:mestone,

sand and gravel, and rock salt. The following shows the annual tonnage

of commodities handled since 1966.

1966 2,074,456
1967 1,774,599
1968 2,163,223
1969 2,612,126
1970 2,655,458
1971 2,679,385
1972 2,913,317
1973 3,681,272
1974 2,937,601
1975 3,020,122

Port Management

The port is controlled by the City of Fairport Harbor Port Authority.

'Ihe Port Authority adheres to the rules and regulations for port au-

thorities as promulgated in Chapter 4582 of the Ohio Revised Code. The

Authority currently owns a small lot near the noxina. The renkaining area

within the harbor is privately owned by industrial and marina interests.

The City presently controls harbor and adjacent land uses through zoning

ordinances.

Major Problem

Three major problem face the Port of Fairport Harbor.

1. Lack of local interest in the port;

2. lack of money to inplement the harbor improvements
for channel deepening and widening as proposed by
the Corps of Engineers; and

3. coupetition with other Great Lakes and ocean ports
for business.

Public Access

The public has access to the port along most of the harbor area.

There is a city park located immediately east of the harbor which is

heavily used by the public, The park includes a beach, picnic area,

and active recreation area. Also, Headlands Beach State Park is located

west of the harbor area,

PORT OF ASHTABULA

Location

Ashtabula Harbor is located on the south shore of Lake Erie, at the

mouth of the Ashtabula River. The harbor consists of an outer harbor and

an inner harbor. The outer harbor is protected by two converging break-

waters and covers about 185 acres of water area. The west breakwater,

with a pierhead at its outer end, is 7,891 feet long and extends in a

northeast direction from. shore. The east brealwater lies in a northwest-

southeast direction, has a total length of 4,342 feet, and is conprised

of three connecting offshore sections, each joined at varying angles.

Two private slips open directly into the outer harbor. The Penn Central

Transportation Company Mirmesota Slip has depths of 25 to 23 feet at

low water datm, a width of 250 feet for about 1,400 feet, and 150 feet

for the remaining 1,600 feet, The entrance to the slip is flared to a

width of 580 feet, and is protected by a 1,398-foot long, angular-shaped,

imer breakwater located about 450 feet offshore of the entrance, In

the east part of the harbor, the Pinney Dock & Transport Corpany Slip

has depths of 27 to 24 feet at low water datLin, a width of 200 feet,

and a length of 2,000 feet. The inner harbor includes the navigable

portion of the Ashtabula River, a length of about 10,500 feet above the

entrance.
Facilities PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS

There are 16 wiiarves located in the Port of Ashtabula, Ten are

located in the inner harbor along the banks of the Ashtabula River, ex-

tending from the mouth to a point approximately 0, 8 mile upstream., and

six are on the south side of the outer harbor. Four of the six outer

harbor wharves are along the sides and at the entrance to the Penn Central

Transportation Corrpany's I@ffnnesota Slip, and two are located along the

sides of the Pinney Dock and Transport Con-pany, Slip No. 2.

The Pimey Dock & Transport Corrpany, Inc., owns and operates Pinney

Dock No. 4 for handling general cargo in foreign trade. This wharf,

located in the outer harbor along theeast side of the con7pany's Slip

No, 2, provides 2,000 feet of berthing space with a water depth of 27

feet alongside at low water datum; the wharf forms a 150-foot wide slip

with Pinney Dock No. 3 which is used for the receipt of dry bulk materials

by self-unloading vessels, Three transit sheds are located on the wharf:

two with a total of 121,600 square feet of space are used for sho rt-

or long7tenn storage of cargo as required; and one, with 120,280 square

feet of space, is used exclusively for storing various dry bulk coamdities,

A storage warehouse, known as the East Shed, is located in rear of the

transit sheds and has 27,000 square feet of space available for public

storage, In addition to covered storage, approximately two acres of paved,

open storage area are available for waterborne cargo not requiring pro-

tection from the weather. One 1,600-foot surface track on the wi-Larf

apron connects with tracks of the Penn Central Transportation Coupany.

The u+Larf has two 15-ton, electric, traveling, full-portal, gantry cranes

which straddle the surface track on the apron.

COAL HAMLING AND COAL BUNKERING

The Lower Lake Dock Coupany operates the Penn Central Transportation

Con-pany, Coal Handling Dock No. 10 for the shipment of coal; if the need

arises, vessels can also be supplied with bunker coal. This wharf, located

on the left bank at the mouth of the Ashtabula River, consists of a 2,800-

foot, mrginal, concrete bulkhead with solid fill; water depths of 27 to

14 feet are alongside at low water datum. An electric coal loader tra-

vels 700 feet on. rails on the north portion of the wharf and -has a hori-

zontal, retractable-type conveyor boan with a 60-foot outboard reach;

the boom is equipped with a telescopic, vessel-loading chute and electric

trinudng head, maximum loading rate 3,000 tons per hour. A 60-inch,

electric, belt conveyor extends via a high-level, arched bridge across

the Asthabula River, frorn a rotary car dunper located in rear of Perm

Central Transportation Conpany, Dock No. 7 to a 1,500,000-ton capacity,

open storage area in rear of the wharf. A 72-inch wide, electric, belt

conveyor extends from the open storage area to three 4,000-ton, concrete,

storage silos at rear of the north end of the wharf. The open storage

area and belt conveyor extending to the storage silos are served by an

electric, crawler, rotary, bucket-type, coal stacker-reclainier with a

stacking capacity of 3,000 tons and reclainfmg capacity of 3,500 tons

per hour. The vessel coal loader is served by an 84-inch wide, low-level

electric, belt conveyor extending along the rear of the wharf fr(xn the

storage silos. Tracks and rail car storage yards of the Penn Central

Transportation Conpany serve the rotary car duaper and an adjacent

car-thawing shed.

ORE HANDLI NG

TWO wharves are equipped to receive iron ore at the Port of Ashtabula;

both are amed by the Penn Central Transportation Conpany, The Ashtabula

& Buffalo Dock Corrpany operates Dock No. 1 Extension, and the Union

Dock Coffpany, a subsidiary of Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation,

operates Dock No. 2 Extension. These docks are located opposite each other
along the outer portion and sides of the entrance to the Minnesota Slip.

Four 17-ton, electric, Hulett-type, ore unloaders are located an the slip

side of each of the docks. The ore unloaders an Dock No. 1 Extension have

a capacity of 625 tons per hour each, and an Dock No. 2 Extension, 500

tons per hour each. Dock No. 1 Extension provides 1,165 feet of berthing

space along the slip side and Dock No, 2 Extension provides 1,198 feet of

berthing space along, the slip side; each of the docks has a water depth

of 27 feet alongside at low water datum. Ore can be dumed directly into

rail cars from the unloaders, or deposited into open, concrete, storage

troughs along rear of the unloaders. The storage trough on Dock No. 1

Extension has a capacity for 50,000 tons, and the trough on Dock No. 2

Extension, 45,000 tons, Each of the docks has an open storage area in

rear for 1,000,000 tons of ore, and each of the storage areas is served

by an electric, traveling, bridge crane equipped with a 15-ton bucket.

The bridge cranes transfer the ore from the storage troughs to the open

storage areas. Four rmrginal surface tracks of the Penn Central Trans-

portation Conpany extend along the rear of each dock and join with nearby

storage yards.

RAIL LINES

Ashtabula is served by two trunkline railroads: Norfolk and Western

Railway and the Perm Central Transportation Conpany, Tracks serving the

waterfront facilities at the port connect directly with the Penn Central

Transportation Coapm-@y.

Spoil Disposal

The U,S, Environrmntal Protection Agency has classified the Ashtabula

River Chamel and a portion of the outer harbor to a line 400 feet lake-

ward of the mouth of the river as clean to marginally polluted and not

acceptable for unconfined disposal. Material dredged from the remainder

of the outer harbor is classified as acceptable for deposition in Lake

Erie at the designated open lake disposal site. Dredging of polluted

sediments and disposal in Lake Erie is being performed as needed until

a confined disposal area is constructed and available for disposal of

these polluted dredgings.

Ccmnodities and Tonnage

The annual tonnage handled by the Port of Ashtabula has fluctuated

from 7 to 12 million tons per year since 1966. Coal and iron ore have

been the principal ccnrwdities handled at the port. The folla%Ting shows

the annual tonnage of coffwdities handled since 1966.

1966 9,314,794
1967 7,099,994
1968 8,2301520
1969 10,823,891
1970 11,925,980
1971 11,261)010
1972 12,063,864
1973 10,872,484
1974 10,852,259
Port Managen-ent 1975 8,738,094
The port is controlled by the City of Ashtabula Port Authority.

The Port Authority adheres to the rules and regulations for port author-

ities as promulgated in Chapter 4582 of the Ohio Revised Code, Presently,

the Port Authority owns no land within the harbor; all is in private

ownership. The City controls land uses both within and adjacent to the

harbor through zoning ordinances.

Major Problems
There are five major problems facing the Port of Ashtabula:

1. Lack of funding to operate and manage the port authority;

2. need for replacement of the Lake Road bridge;

3. need for port plans;

4. need for additional storage space to meet future demand;
and

5. need to find a spoildis posal site.

Public Access

Numerous areas along the harbor afford public access. There is a

city park with a beach and small picnic area located immediately west of

the harbor.

PORT OF CONNEAUT

Location

Conneaut Harbor is located an the south shore of Lake Erie at the

mouth of the Conneaut Creek. Conneaut Harbor consists of an outer har-

bor sheltered by breakwaters and an inner harbor formed by the lower

3,000 feet of the Conneaut Creek.

The outer harbor, triangular in shape, is formed by two converging

breakwaters and covers about 185 acres of protected water area; appro-

ximately 142 acres of this protected area have been deepened. The west

breakwater is angular in shape with a pierhead at its outer end and has

a total length of 5,938 feet; a 100-foot gap in the breakwater is

located 1,670 feet from shore, The east breakwater is 3,675 feet long

-vith a light foundation at its outer end; a circulation gaD of about

100 feet is located between the inner end of the east breakwater and

-the outer end of a 1,187 foot breakwater extension to shore,
The imer harbor consists of the mouth of Conneaut Creek, a turning

basin, and the Pittsburgh & Conneaut Dock Corrpany Slip. Two piers

constructed at the mouth of the river are approximately 350 feet apart

at the outer end and gradually converge to about 290 feet at the inner

end of the west pier. A Federally inproved channel extends 2,450 feet

upstrearn from the outer end of the west pier. At the upstrewn end of

the Federal channel, private interests have widened and deepened an

area fonning a turning basin approxtrately 700 feet in width, The

natural river channel bends sharply to the east fran the turning basin

and has not been developed for conmercial purposes. The Pittsburgh &

Conneaut Dock Company Slip, about 1,350 feet long and 165 feet wide,

extends from the south side of the turning basin in line with the Federally

inproved channel.

Facilities

PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS

There are seven wharves located at the Conneaut Harbor. Six of these

wharves are located in the inner harbor, which consists of the mouth of

the Conneaut River, a turning basin, and a slip; the remaining wharf is

located on the south side of the outer harbor between the foot of Broad

and Sandusky Streets,

The Pittsbur@ph & Conneaut Dock Conpany operates the six wharves lo-

cated in the inner harbor; these wharves are owned and served bv tracks

of the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad Corrpany. Each of the wharves is

of solid fill, marginal, bulkhead-type- construction with water depths

alongside ranging from 18 to 28 feet at low water datum. Four of the

wharves handle limestone, iron ore, and pig iron or coal; one was used

for mooring vessels and as base for harbor towboats; and one, at the time

of this survey, was not being used for handling waterborne commerce.

During the closed navigation season, the wiiarves are available for winter

mooring.

The wharf located on the outer harbor is owned by the City of Conneaut

and operated by the Conneaut Port Authority. It is u sed for the receipt

of fish and for mooring and fueling recreational craft and fishing boats,

CIDAL HANDLING AND COAL BUNKERING

The Pittsburgh & Conneaut Dock Conpany operates Dock No. 3 for the

shipment of coal and occasionally supplying bunker coal to vessels, This

wharf is located in the inner harbor, along the east side of a 160-foot

wide slip, and provides 1,250 feet of berthing space with water depths

of 27 to 28 feet alongside at low water datum. Two electric coal loaders

are located on the wharf apron: one is a fixed tower with a 120-foot

hinged boom (100-foot outboard reach), rate 7,000 tons per hour; and one
is a slewing-type loader with a 120-foot boom (100-foot outboard reach),

rate 4,000 tons per hour. The boom travels in an arc on. a curved rail

track on the wiiarf apron and is raised and lowered over the vessels'

holds by use of an electric hoist. Each of the booms on the coal loaders

is equipped with a vessel-loading chute and trimming
head. The coal

loaders are served by a system of electric belt conveyors ranging. in

width from 24 to 84 inches and extend from two 6,000-tan storage silos

in rear, a nearly 900-ton capacity surge bin, rail hopper car receiving,

pits, and reclaiming pits located under a 3,500,000-ton capacity open

storage area, The open storage area is also served by a traveling coal

stacker, rate 3,850 tons per hour; and a traveling, bucket wheel type,

coal reclaimer, rate 9,000 tons per hour, which serves a traveling,

bucket wheel, hopper car, Tracks of the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad

serve the terminal and a nearby 450-car capacity storage yard,

ORE HANDLING

Iron ore is received at the Pittsburgh & Conneaut Dock Compaily's

Dock No, 4, located on the east side of the inner harbor near the entrance.

The wharf provides 1,228 feet of berthing space with water depths of 27

feet alongside at low water datum. Five electric, Hulett-type, ore un-

loaders, each equipped with a 17-ton capacity bucket and capable of

handling 875 tons per hour, travel under the wharf to positions opposite

the vessels' hatches, Ore can be dumped directly into rail cars from

the unloaders at a rate of 40 cars per hour, or deposited in a concrete

trough behind a retaining wall separating an 8-acre open storage area from
the tracks along the wilarf. The open storage area has a capacity for

1,500,000 tons of ore and is served by an electric, traveling, bridge

crane equipped with a 15-ton bucket and capable of handling 900 tons per

hour. The bridge crane serves a 42-inch, electric, belt-conveyor system

which extends the full length of the storage area. During the period

between the closing and opening of navigation seasons, this system is

used to move ore from the storage piles to carloading hoppers located at

the north end of the storage area. Five marginal surface tracks of the

,Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad extend along the wharf to the ore un-

loaders. These tracks have a total length of 5,330 feet and connect with

the 550 loaded-car capacity ore yard and a 400 eapty-car capacity yard,

RAM LINES

Conneaut is served by three trunkline railroads: Bessemer and Lake

Erie Railroad, Norfolk and Western Railway; and Penn Central Transportation

Conpany, The Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad is the only railroad which

has direct connections with the waterfront facilities serving the port.

Spoil Disposal

The location and construction of a spoil disposal site are no longer

problems, as further studies by the U.S. EPA in 1975 showed that only 10

percent of the harbor sediments is polluted. Consequently, this did not

justify the construction of a spoil disposal site. The dredged spoil -OTill

be disposed of in the traditional open lake disposal area, the only res-

triction being that the polluted sediments be "sandwiched' or covered with

clean sediment,

Commodities and Tormage

The arinual tonnage handled by the Port of Comeaut has steadily in-

creased since 1966. Iron ore, coal and lirmstone have been the principal

conwdities handled at the port. The following shows the annual tonnage

of commodities handled since 1966.

1966 12,822,154
1967 14,001,620
1968 14,350,331
1969 13,916,845
1970 15,534,433
1971 15,851,802
1972 14,683,654
1973 16,731,912
1974 16,566,435
1975 19)192,311

Port Management

The port is controlled by the City of Conneaut Port Authority. The

Authority adheres to the rules and regulations for port authorities as

promulgated in Chapter 4582 of the Ohio Revised Code. The Port Author-
ity has just acquired property along the outer harbor area (on the west

bank near the sewag
,e trea=Mt plant) to serve as a public marina, The

City also operates a public dock and a park on the west shore. The

remaining area within the harbor is privately owned, principally by the

U,S, Steel Corporation and subsidiaries, The City presently controls

harbor and adjacent land uses through zoning ordinances.

Maj or Problems

The major problems facing the Port of Cormeaut can be classified

into four mijor categories:

1. Maintenance dredging on non-Federal channels and the
disposal of the dredge materials;

2, lack of money for the operation and nmagement of the port;

I the inpact of the proposed U.S. Steel Plant an the port
and its facilities; and

4. corrpetition with other Great Lakes and ocean ports for
Public.Access business.

TWo points within the harbor provide public access. one is a public

dock where the public can mor a boat, fish, or sinply observe harbor

activities. This is located just west of where Conneaut Creek enters the

outer harbor area. The second is a township park located immdiately west

of the west breakwater. The park includes a public beach and picnic area,

both of which are heavily used.

low= 01110110=1101001 IN IN IN IN w M M MW

OHIO LAKE ERIE PORT FACILITIES

Limestone
Piers, or sand Piers,
Wharves, Cargo General Coal Iron and gravel Grain Marine Wharves,
and Docks Handling Cargo Handling Ore Handling Handling Repair or and Docks
Port Total Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Mooring, Not Uses-

Ashtabula 16 7 x x x x x 1

Cleveland 72 38 x x x x 24 3 (Not Used,'
7 (Not Used,

Conneaut 7 7 x x x 2 1 (Not Used,'

Fairport
Harbor 16 8 x 5 3

Ul Huron 6 4 x x x 2 2 (Not Used)

Lorain 23 14 x x x 9

Port
Clinton x

Sandusky 14 6 x x 4 1 (Not Use&,
3 (Ferry
Terminals)

Toledo 41 26 x x x x x 11 4

So-Lxce: U.S. Arny Corps of Engineers, Port Series

CONCLUSIONS

Two major problems affect Ohio's Lake Erie ports. The first is the

need for better port planning. Port planning is necessary to ensure the

ports' future competitiveness. Ohio's Lake Erie ports are generally managed

by the cities or the cities' port authorities with a minimal budget, In

some cases, the port authorities have no funds. Consequently, there is

generally little or no money available for planning.

The second major problem facing the ports is the lack of local in-

terest and promotion. of ports. Ohio's lake ports play a vital role in

the northern Ohio economy. Unfortunately, few people, even many whose

livelihoods depend on. ports, recognize their importance in maintaining a

healthy regional economy, Even using conservative techniques, the nearly

90 million tons of cargo handled at the lake ports in 1975 gmerated at

least 500 million dollars income for the port cities,

The lack of local interest compounds the task of port promotion, With-

out local interest and consequent local funding, good port promotion and

overall port management are difficult

DNR
Ohio Department of Natural Resources
Fountain Square - Columbus, Ohio 43224
JAMES A. RHODES, Governor - ROBERT W. TEATER, Director

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