Lake Michigan sport fishing support services sites and facilities study : City of Two Rivers, Wisconsin / prepared by Gary L. Peterson and Associates

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

LAKE MICHIGAN SPORT FISHING SUPPORT SERVICES
SITES AND FACILITIES STUDY

CITY OF Two RIVERS, WISCONSIN

Qoe COASTAL ZONE ,

INFORMATION C; jT E

IN -w01MM 41~

Financial assistance for the preparation of this report has been
provided through the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, administered by the Federal
Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration.

PREPARED BY: GARY L. PETERSON AND ASSOCIATES
HT
393
.M52
C62 SEPTEMBER,. 1980
1980

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
:ope~t.Y of Csc Library COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
TABLE'OF CONTENTS CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413

INTRODUCTION . . . . l

PROBLEM AREAS . . .. 2

SPORT FISHING OBJECTIVES . . 2

FINDINGS AND NEEDS . . . . . . . 3

A. Areawide Fishing Data . . ... 5

B. Fishing Data for City of Two Rivers � � 7

C. Comments of Private Marina Operators . . 13

ANALYSIS . . . .

CITY-WIDE FACILITIES . . . . . . 16

SITE PLANS AND COSTS . . . . . 19

A. 27th Street Boat Ramp . . . . . 19

B. Municipal Marina . . . . . . 24

C. Harbor Street Park . . . . . . 28

SITE COST ESTIMATES IN DETAIL . . . Appendix 1

FACILITY COST ESTIMATES IN DETAIL . . Appendix 2

RESTROOM COST ESTIMATES IN DETAIL . . Appendix 3

SOURCES AND INTERVIEWS:

James Grassman, City Manager
Howard Perry, Recreation Director
Mary Ellen Howarth, Twin Cities Marina
Virginia Stiener, Two Rivers Sport Marina
Millard Ahrens, Stop and Dock Marina
Jim Feuerstein, 14th St. & School Road Doackage
Pat Cline, Green Bay, Dept. of Natural Resources
Jim Moore, Sturgeon Bay, Dept. of Natural Resources
Paul Schultz, Author of Creel Census Reports
Ronald Poff, Madison, Dept. of Natural Resources
Paul Peterson, Point Beach State Park

19"U~~~~~~~

,17. Ov.

M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:

LAKE MICHIGAN SPORT FISHING SUPPORT SERVICES

SITES AND FACILITIES

INTRODUCTION

The popularity of sport fishing has dramatically increased in
Two Rivers in the past several years, bringing significant
changes to the City. As mentioned in the Fish Entrails Disposal
Study, the greatest impact has occurred since 1970. These
changes were not necessarily sought by the City government,
private interests, or the majority of Two Rivers residents.

Private commercial interests have responded more quickly
to the increased popularity of sport fishing than have govern-
ment or nonprofit organizations. For example, the marina
business has prospered, with new marinas opening for business.
The sport fishing charter business has been born and continues
to sustain itself. Also, the number of private piers for in-
water boat storage has continued to grow.

The City has participated in the growth of the activity in
several ways. First, it created a land use zone that accomnmo-
dates the marina business, and has continued in the process
by making changes in the zone as requested by private industry.
Second, the City improved its two boat launching areas in the
1970s and has recently purchased land to expand the one at
27th Street. Finally, one year ago the City established four
public fish cleaning stations and began collecting fish entrails.

For those who had not yet grasped the importance of the sport
fishing industry to Two Rivers, the influx of thousands of
fishermen to the first annual Fish Derby in 1979 brought its
popularity into clear view. The 1980 Fish Derby demonstrated
the continued interest and popularity of the event and sport
fishing. in 1980, 2,070 fish were caught weighing a total of
10.5 tons. It is amazing that a catch with hook and line over
a three day period can be measured in tons.

This study looks at the needs and services of both the City and
private industry in relation to sport fishing. it also makes
recommendations on how future services should be expanded to
better accomodate both resident and non-resident fishermen and
boaters. This includes recommendations on the expansion of
services, and plans with cost estimates for the construction of
facilities. The study also puts forth other areas in which
private and public services can be expanded.

In addition, this study examines some of the questions
surrounding sport fishing in Two Rivers. First, it is not
known what role the City should take in supporting and
encouraging this activity. Second, it is unclear whether
sport fishing is an activity of passing interest in the

City, and therefore, to what extent the City should become
involved in providing these services. If there is going to
be declining interest, there is also the question as to
-whether the City should simply withdraw from the activity,
or whether it should counteract by providing better services
to attract those fishermen who are interested in Lake Michigan
sport fishing.

PROBLEM AREAS

There is a need for a larger land area to adequately accommo-
date sport fishing in Two Rivers. This is especially apparent
in the summer when both the private and public facilities are
at or beyond capacity. This is particularly a problem on
weekends when the greatest number of people have an opportunity
to go fishing. The need for more room within the private
sector has been demonstrated by the continued expansion of in-
water boat storage piers on private property, the additional
land rented by Stop and Dock Marina, and the additional indoor
storage space rented by Twin City Marina. There has also been
a demand for more services from the private sector. The three
largest marinas have expanded their services this year by
providing motorhome camping areas on their sites.

The need for expanded sport fishing facilities by the public
sector has been illustrated by the overcrowding in the 27th
Street Launch Ramp area, and the fact that the City's marina
parking area reaches capacity in the early morning. In
response to the demand for more services, the City has installed
fish cleaning stations for the collection of fish entrails, and
has assisted with the large crowds which attend the fish
derbies.

Problems remain as to the level of involvement that the public
sector should take in the sport fishing industry. Further
questions relate to whether the fish population will continue
to grow, and whether the interest in sport fishing will conti-
nue to increase as it did in the 1970s. Questions arise as to
the permanence of any activity which becomes very popular in
a relatively short time. The City must then decide whether it
should provide facilities which may not be needed in the
future.

SPORT FISHING OBJECTIVES

Taking into account both the needs and potential of Lake
Michigan sport fishing in Two Rivers, specific objectives
have been set so that the City may gain the greatest
benefit from this activity. Designing the sport fishing
support facilities and site plans has been oriented toward
meeting these objectives, which are as follows:

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(1) Make the City of Two Rivers the strongest sport fishing
center on the western shoreline of Lake Michigan for
lake bpat fishing and lakeshore fishing, but not
necessarily for snagging; (With the City's location,
harbor and existing services, it is its role to be the
leading sport fishing area,, as it is the commercial
fishing leader.)

(2) Provide a balanced mix of public and private services
and facilities; (Fishermen have demanded services of
both sectors, and it is unreasonable to expect that
either one by itself can provide the full range required
by Wisconsin fishermen.)

(3) Control the sport fishing activity so that it does not
become a visual pollution or a social detriment to the
City of Two Rivers. (The City certainly does not want
to become so involved in this single activity that the
maj~ority of citizens feel that it has become a detriment
to their community. The City should be able to look to
its sport fishing activity with pride, and see it as a
benefit to both the recreational industries involved
and the City as a whole.)

FINDINGS AND NEEDS

In order to determine the present needs and trends in sport
fishing, data was obtained from the Department of Natural
Resources (DNR) and analyzed by the Consultant. Interviews
were held with people who make their living in the sport
fishing industry, both in Two Rivers and at the district and
state levels. The DNR reports that there were 12 charter
boats,-157 power boats and 5 sail boats moored in Two Rivers
this year. This is a significant number for a city of this
size. A 1979 DNR Performance Report contains the most current
data with comparable statistics on fishing trips, number of
fish caught, type of fish, etcetera, in Two Rivers. The
report comments an the reduction in number of fish caught in
1978 as follows:

"It's been pointed out in many fishery reports that
angler success often depends on many items besides
the fish resource available to the fishermen. This is
exemplified in classic fashion by the 1978 fishery on
Lake Michigan. The total catch of trout and salmon was
only 78% of the average of the prior 4 years, despite
what should be the largest number of fish ever available
in the lake. The major reason for this lower catch is
that the total number of fishing trips was only 70.7%
of the average for the same 4 year period. That's a
nearly 1/3 drop in fishing pressure. Is the novelty
wearing of f?"

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~~ 1980 ~~~~~FISH DFRBY WINNER

,~~~~~~~-/o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ K

"Many factors besides the fewer fishing trips undoubtably
enter into the harvest figures. Some of these include
the following, not necessarily in order of importance in
1978:

(1) "Targeting" on chinook., (by area, time of day, and
type of bait used).

(2) Very cold water during most of the summer. This
strongly affected the pier fishery, (adversely).

(3) Alewife abundance, and size of the individual
alewife. (Very large numbers of small alewife in
1978)

(4) Stocking numbers in prior years. 1978 should have
been "super" fishing if predictions were based only
on number stocked in prior years.

(5) Concern for eating fish due to PCB contamination.
This was certainly of some concern, especially to
Sheboygan area fishermen due to a specific PCB
problem in that area.

(6) A tendency to concentrate fishing efforts only
during the most productive period. The experienced
fishermen have great confidence that they can "fill
the freezer " very easily by fishing only in July and
August.

(7) Unusually high water conditions in tributary streams
during the spring rainbow spawning run.

(8) October I vs. September 15 snagging season opened
in 1978.

(9) "New" fishery in Oconto River in the fall of 1978,
due to improved water quality.

(10) An inexperienced creel clerk at Milwaukee for a large
part of the census season is suspected of missing
quite a few fish."

In addition, due to the methodology of the DNR Report, the
findings of the report were qualified as follows:

"For the tenth consecutive year a creel census was
conducted on Lake Michigan and its tributaries. The
personal interview type creel census is a recognized
method of providing biological data as well as estimates
of the fish harvest. Charter boats and individually
moored craft are not specifically encountered in the
census; therefore, the catch estimates reflect only the
transient sector of the fishery. In addition, trout and
salmon which are caught outside the seasonal creel census

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period are not included in the catch data. Owners of
"permanently" moored boats are probably the best and
most active fishermen. Since they are rarely censused,
and their numbers have increased over the years, it is
obvious that the census misses many fish."

Despite the unusually low numiber of fishing trips taken in
1978 and the methodological shortcomings, the 34,400 fishermen
days reported in Two Rivers in 1978 is impressive. This number
is even more significant considering that it is seriously
underestimated and that the actual involvement was much greater.

A. Areawide Fishing Data

Boats. Statistics in Table I from the DNR indicate an
increase of approximately 1,200 registered boats in
Manitowoc County since 1970. There has been an approxi-
mate increase of 92,000 registered boats for the State
of Wisconsin over that same period. Manitowoc County
represents 1.2 percent of the total State increase.
Annual fluctuations in the number of registered boats
shown on Table I are due to differences in the number of
licenses which expire yearly. In addition, most of the
in-water stored boats and many of the launched boats are
not registered in Manitowoc County.

Table 1

Boat Registration*

Year Manitowoc Co. Wisconsin

1970 4,090 312,281
1971 4,488 341,376
1972 4,213 315,683
1973 4,645 354,155
1974 4,979 383,181
1975 4,643 354,006
1976 4,933 379,333
1977 5,249 408,440
1978 4,931 384,201
1979 5,231 404,185

*Annual fluctuations due to the difference in
the number of licenses which expire each year.
Currently on a 3-year registration schedule; in
the process of switching to a 2-year schedule.

Source: State of Wisconsin, Department of Natural
Resources, June 1980.

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Fishermen. As may be expected, the total number of
licensed fishermen in Manitowoc County was higher in
1978 than it was in 1970. In this period, there was a
steady increase in the number of licenses issued to
out-of-state fishermen. The types of non-resident
licenses were expanded in 1975 to include three new
categories, which are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Fishinq Licenses

Manitowoc County
Year Individual Husband & Wife Total Licenses

1970 6,544 1,765 10,074
1975 7,845 1,902 11,649
1976 7,415 1,647 10,709
1977 7,258 1,699 10,656
1978 7,028 1,530 10,088

State of Wisconsin
Year Individual Husband & Wife Total Licenses

1970 420,196 79,360 578,916
1975 466,955 115,863 698,681
1976 457,157 112,925 683,007
1977 457,403 111,189 679,781
1978 467,070 109,712 686,494

Out-of-State
Annual Daily 15-Day Annual 15-Day 4-Day
~Year Annual (Hus.-Wife) (Family) (Ind.) (Ind.)

1970 333,166 4,692 57,157 * * *
1975 109,974 9,562 * 61,161 75,164 127,504
1976 109,179 10,188 * 65,012 73,612 138,415
1977 108,752 11,422 * 66,840 72,857 144,196
1978 109,081 13,916 * 67,782 74,748 151,251
67,78

*This type of license not available at that time.

Source: State of Wisconsin, Department of Natural
Resources, July, 1980.

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510~~~*

SPUNWREW BY

I ~~~~~~~~I

Following the peak year of 1975, the number of fishing
licenses issued in 1978 represented a slight decline in
both Manitowoc County and the State of Wisconsin. Some
of this in-state decline may be attributed to the
increasing number of residents purchasing sport licenses,
good for both fishing and huanting, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Sport Licenses

Year Manitowoc County Wisconsin

1970 4,660 266,489
1977 4,598 272,618
1978 4,798 279,837

Source: State of Wisconsin, Department of
Natural Resources, June, 1980.

B. Fishing Data for the City of Two Rivers

The DNR Creel Census collects considerable data for the
City of Two Rivers. Some of this data is shown on Tables
4 through 7., Since the census is taken at varying times
of the year, a comparison of one year to the next is
difficult. However, an examination of the data is
interesting, points out some general trends in Two Rivers,
and the figures are impressive.

Table 4 shows the catch and effort required for various
types of fishing in Two Rivers during the 1970s. Fishing
from piers and breakwaters has been declining since its
peak popularity and catch in 1974, with a marked decrease
in 1979. Since 1977, trolling has also declined signi-
ficantly. The data seems to indicate that the popularity
of trolling depends on whether the fish are biting.
Stream fishing seems to have reached a peak in 1977.
However, it is too early to determine whether this will
be a trend, since the total number of fishing trips and
fish caught in 1978 and 79 was impressive despite a
decline.

Table 4 suggests that the rapidly increasing popularity
of sport fishing has passed in Two Rivers. However, this
does not correspond with the prospering business of the
marinas and the expansion of services being provided.
It is also inconsistent with the number of licensed

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Table 4

Fishing Catch and Effort in Two Rivers

Totall Hours Trips Total Hours Total
Year
Trips per Trip per Fish Fish per Fish Hours

Trolling Fishery

1971 18,846 4.7 2.1 9,039 9.8 88,578
1972 11,137 4.8 1.7 6,468 8.3 53,457
1973 4,980 4.8 1.6 3,026 7.9 23,905
1974 8,592 4.88 1.7 5,082 8.25 41,930
1975 13,017 5.2 1.6 8,126 8.3 67,690
1976 6,701 5.35 3.8 1,752 20.46 35,852
1977 20,960 4.93 .8 25,020 4.13 103,331
1978 7,834 8.73 1.3 6,058 11.29 68,392
1979 7,182 5.21 1.3 5,415 6.91 37,421
Total3 92,067 5.65 1.3 69,986 7.44 520,556

Pier/Breakwater Fishery

1971 9,658 2.5 21.9 441 34.5 23,968
1972 27,972 1.97 6.9 4,078 13.5 55,104
1973 29,827 1.9 3.3 9,141 6.2 5,672
1974 45,310 2.48 2.8 16,053 7.0 112,369
1975 22,459 2.37 6.4 3,516 15.14 53,228
1976 12,076 3.12 4.7 2,574 14.64 37,678
1977 10,705 2.71 1.8 5,957 4.87 29,010
1978 11,865 2.7 2.2 5,476 5.85 32,035
1979 6,433 2.72 5.3 1,207 14.5 17,497
Total3 176,306 2.22 3.6 48,443 8.06 390,529

Stream Fishery2

1971-E 2,702 2.0 4.4 661 8.2 5,404
1971-W 3,439 1.6 4.1 462 11.9 5,502
1972-E 1,973 1.32 1.9 1,062 2.5 2,604
1973-E 3,328 2.2 4.6 725 10.1 7,322
1974-B 8,592 4.88 1.7 5,082 8.25 41,930
1975-E 3,475 1.64 4.4 781 7.3 5,698
1975-W 7,025 1.91 4.1 1,699 7.9 13,419
1976-E 4,548 5.64 4.4 2,456 24.72 24,062
1976-W 5,815 5.29 4.1 1,117 21.55 25,123
1977-E 8,423 2.11 1.6 5,385 3.30 17,772
1977-W 7,682 2.69 1.6 4,933 4.18 20,665
1978-E 3,832 3.35 6.4 598 21.47 12,839
1978-W 9,870 1.84 3.7 2,679 6.78 18,161
1979-E 3,168 2.33 2.5 1,262 5.85 7,381
1979-W 6,826 1.85 2.8 2,392 5.28 12,628
Total 80,698 2.73 2.6 31,306 7.04 220,510

Source: Department of Natural Resources, Creel Census, 1971-1979.

*Notes for Table 4 are given on the following page. -8-

fishermen in Manitowoc County and the balance of the
state, and the out-of-state fishermen. This may be due
to the method in which data is collected for the creel
census, as mentioned previously. A number of factors
influence the catch each year, plus the census does not
adequately reflect the habits of the more skilled fisher-
men with their own crafts, who constitute a growing
portion of the fishing population. An example of this
was seen at the 1980 Fish Derby when skilled fishermen,
using their own crafts, caught and registered 2,070 fish
in three days, with each fish averaging over 10 pounds.

When comparing the data for Two Rivers on Table 4 with
that of Table 5 on Lake Michigan as a whole, it is
apparent that trends were very similar for the entire
western portion of the lake. However, for trolling,
stream and pier/breakwater fishing, more fish were caught
per fishing hour in Two Rivers than on the balance of
the lake. This implies that Two Rivers is the place to
fish for good luck and a good catch.

Table 6 gives the catch by species in Two Rivers for
each type of fishing. Lake Trout, Chinook and Coho
Salmon are the most common fish caught when trolling.
Lakers are by far the most abundant, with over three
times as many being caught as any other fish. As for
pier/breakwater fishing, Coho, Chinook and Rainbow Trout
dominate the catch. Chinook are the principal, and
practically only, fish caught in the rivers. Altogether,
Two Rivers is an ideal spot for the experience of
catching Lakers, Chinook and Coho Salmon.

The catch of different species in the Two Rivers-Port
Washington area is compared with that of the balance of
western Lake Michigan in Table 7. The percent of total
lake catch which comes from the Two Rivers area declined
slightly from 1975 to 1978, but it still accounts for a
sizeable portion of the total fish caught. This data is
significant in that it shows that Two Rivers has retained
its position as a sport fishing center, despite the lower
catches in recent years. This is especially true for
Coho Salmon, Chinooks and Lake Trout which are the most

Notes for Table 4:

1one trip is counted for each time each fisherman goes out.

2The data given is designated as being from either East Twin
River (E), West Twin River (W) or the total of both rivers (B).

3Note that these totals reflect information collected by surveys
which were not consistently taken each year nor do they reflect
a total or representative sample. Actual catch, hours, etc,
were greater than these figures would indicate.

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4 SO

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3-~l- 34 w Is"- I

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Table 5

Lake Michigan Fishing Catch and Effort

for the State of Wisconsin

Rrs/ Trips/ Hrs/
Year Trips Trip Fish. Fish Fish Hours Sites

Streams 1969 15,440 2.4 2.3 6,603 5.5 36,604 13
1970 26,194 2.2 5.6 4,493 12.4 58,248 19
1971 42,126 2.4 3.6 11,622 8.6 99,508 16
1972 47,911 2.1 4.1 11,590 8.5 98,406 12
1973 120,202 1.7 5.0 24,157 8.3 201,426 16
1974 123,183 2.7 2.0 60,952 5.4 331,207 16
1975 246,533 2.7 2.6 95,217 7.0 667,087 24
1976 172,212 3.1 4.5 38,122 13.8 526,671 22
1977 164,859 2.2 2.2 75,345 4.8 362,034 18
1978 95,259 2.8 3.2 36,626 9.1 303,045 21
Pier/Breakwater 1969 55,804 �2.1 4.3 12,966 9.0 117,651 8
1970 86,315 2.0 6.1 14,069 12.2 171,262 13
1971' 132,305 1.9 14.2 9,327 27.0 252,764 15
1972.. 250,340 2.0 9.1' 27,634 17.8 490,676 14
1973 223,344 2.0 . 6.5 34,349 12.8 439,838 13
1974 343,737 2.3 4.0 86,394 9.1 782,378 14
1975 285,560 2.1 8.0 35,707 17.1 610,400 14
1976 181,125 2.9 4.5 39,917 L3.1 522,703 16
1977 370,978 2.4 3.0 121,349 7.3 886,800 16
1978 198,404 2.8 4.4 44,728 12.3 533,062 12
Trolling 1969 33,070 3.5 2.6 12,919 9.1 115,235 10
1970 75,283 4.1 2.4 30,738 10.0 308,833 23
1971 206,556 4.4 2.4 86,086 10.6 911,352 23
1972 208,997 4.8 2.0 102,641 9.7 995,200 23
1973 268,225 4.9 2.0 133,603 9.8 1,310,126 28
1974 380,571 4.6 1.9 203,870 8.6 1,748,433 22
1975 378,218 4.8 1.9 194,747 9.3 1,811,460 23
1976 261,349 5.6 3.3 78,345 18.7 1,462,846 25
1977 413,693 5.1 1.3 325,576 6.5 2,126,728 25
1978 307,913 5.5 1.6 196,585 8.9 1,577,552 23
Shore 1969 No data for this year.
1970 55,069 2.4 3.3 16,564 8.1 134,557 18
1971 37,389 2.6 4.4 8,518 11.6 98,937 12
1972 77,092 2.9 3.9 19,659 11.4 224,308 18
1973 57,205 2.5 3.8 15,033 9.5 142,454 18
1974 114,775 2.8 1.7 65,725 4.8 316,311 12
1975 184,624 2.8 2.9 64,099 8.1 522,014 21
1976 156,107 2.6 3.4 45,403 8.9 405,364 22
1977 222,063 2.3 2.2 99,684 5.1 512,855 22
1978 105,713 2.7 2.9 41,863 7.9 285,585 20
Combined 1969 104,314 2.6 3.2 32,488 8.3 269,490 31
1970 242,861 2.8 3.7 66,064 10.2 672,900 73
1971 418,826 3.3 3.6 115,553 11.8 1,362,561 66
1972 584,340 3.1 3.6 161,524 11.2 1,808,590 67'
1973 668,976 3.1 3.2 207,142 10.1 2,093,844 75
1974 962,266 3.3 2.3 416,941 7.6 3,178,329 64
1975 1,094,935 3.3 2.8 389,770 9.3 3,610,961 82
1976 770,793 3.8 3.8 201,787 14.5 2,917,584 85
1977 1,171,593 3.3 1.9 621,954 6.3 3,888,417 81
1978 707,289 4.0 2.3 319,802 9.4 2,699,244 76

Source: Department of Natural Resources, 1979 10

Table 6

Catch by Species in Two Rivers

River Year Brook Brown Rainbow Coho Chinook Lake

Stream Fishery

E.Twin 1971 22 44 260 331 4 --
W.Twin 1971 15 30 183 231 3 --
E.Twin 1972 -- 30 152 698 61 121
E.Twin 1973 187 23 23 281 211 --
Both 1974 -- 35 174 -- 1,149 --
E.Twin 1975 -- -- 167 502 112 --
W.Twin 1975 142 217 289 217 834 --
E.Twin 1976 -- 6 22 19 717 --
W.Twin 1976 4 39 59 46 2,609 15
E.Twin 1977 32 253 158 285 4,656 --
W.Twin 1977 51 68 787 513 3,524 --
E.Twin 1978 24 42 90 -- 442 --
W.Twin 1978 2,009 80 80 -- 510 --
E.Twin 1979 72 -- 180 -- 1,010 --
W.Twin 1979 720 77 360 -- 1,235 --
Total 3,278 944 2,984 3,123 17,077 136

Pier/Breakwater Fishery

1971 -- 386 -- 55 -- --
1972 247 2,604 147 933 147 --
1973 236 660 707 4,005 3,533 --
1974 818 387 3,314 10,200 1,291 --
1975 109 218 1,153 236 1,568 232
1976 21 138 638 457 1,319 --
1977 392 633 1,527 1,788 1,547 70
1978 1,205 1,424 1,150 1,424 273 --
1979 293 146 366 329 55 --
Total 3,321 6,596 9,002 19,427 9,733 302

Trolling Fishery

1971 -- 27 832 1,545 597 6,038
1972 19 154 174 989 232 1,203
1973 -- 130 49 414 536 2,184
1974 -- 58 302 2,188 288 2,246
1975 -- 49 1,381 414 536 2,184
1976 -- 11 136 127 236 1,241
1977 -- 94 1,837 4,589 2,855 15,595
1978 -- 121 545 1,030 1,272 3,090
1979 -- 52 295 729 1,475 2,864
Total 19 877 5,601 12,021 8,027 36,646

Source: Department of Natural Resources, Creel Census, 1971-1979

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Table 7

Comparison of Two Rivers-Port Washington Catch
to Total Western Lake Michigan Catch

Type 1975 Percent 1978 Percent Percent Change
of TR-PW of Total TR-PW of Total Change in TR-PW
W.L.Mich. W.L.Mich. TR-PW
Fish Catch Catch Catch
~~~~Catch Catch Position

Brook 2,683 49.8 7,883 77 193.8 +27.2
Brown 28,643 41.0 13,392 18 -53.2 -23.0
Rainbow 31,645 52.1 13,089 29 -64.7 -23.1
Coho 34,672 39.0 22,045 34 -36.4 - 5.0
Chinook 46,178 51.7 44,454 46 - 3.7 - 5.7
Lake 19,133 25.3 9,266 33 -51.5 + 7.7
Total 162,954 41.8 110,129 34.4 -32.4 - 7.4

Source: State of Wisconsin, Department of Natural
Resources, Creel Census of 1975 and 1978.

popular fish and the basis of the Two Rivers sport fishing
industry. For example, the number of Lake Trout caught
in the Two Rivers-Port Washington district declined by
more than 50 percent in that period. However, in compar-
ison with the total western Lake Michigan Lake Trout catch
this represented an improvement of nearly 8 percent in
the area's position. This indicates that the rest of
western Lake Michigan experienced an even greater drop in
the number of fish caught than did Two Rivers.

These statistics further illustrate that many factors
affect annual catch, particularly such natural conditions
as weather and water temperature. Representatives of the
DNR and others who earn their living in the sport fishing
industry have come to expect the kind of fluctuations
seen in the 1970s. Despite the seeming "trend" of
declining catch and number of fishermen in Two Rivers,
they indicate that sport fishing is growing weekly in
the area. There is general agreement that the City of
Two Rivers is one of the best places to fish on Lake
Michigan, particularly on the Wisconsin shore.

Future Fish Population. The question remains as to
whether the number of fish available in Two Rivers will
continue to be high. Although many factors affect fish
population, one factor that can be quantified is the

-12-

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number of fish planted. Table 8 shows the number of
plants in western Lake Michigan through 1976. Since
that time, the number of fingerlings and yearlings that
have been planted has continued to increase. Chinook
and Lake Trout were planted in the greatest numbers,
followed by Rainbow Trout and Coho. Three of these four
are the most sought after species by Two Rivers sport
fishermen. Though fish planting is only one factor
influencing potential catch, if this program continues,
it will maintain high numbers of fish to help insure
successful catches in Two Rivers.

Table 8

Wisconsin's Lake Michigan Planting Program*

Species of Fish

Year Rainbow Brown Brook Coho Chinook Lake

1963 9,200
1964 15,000
1965 26,800 205,000
1966 58,699 42,900 761,000
1967 88,640 46,700 9,000 1,129,000
1968 90,315 205,400 25,000 25,000 817,000
1969 148,300 171,000 73,660 217,000 66,000 884,000
1970 192,000 154,000 81,530 340,000 119,000 900,000
1971 179,000 201,210 106,448 267,000 264,000 945,000
1972 586,319 736,605 62,180 258,000 317,000 1,284,000
1973 656,562 570,680 50,150 256,665 697,000 1,080,000
1974 494,918 429,620 33,650 317,950 616,000 880,000
1975 400,818 356,362 63,600 432,700 926,875 1,054,500
1976 963,624 292,112 11,600 647,513 1,275,600 1,045,000

Source: Department of Natural Resources, Lake Michigan
Sport Fishery-1976.

*Number of fish planted, fingerling and
yearling plant combined.

C. Comments of Private Marina Operators

Private businesses involved in the sport fishing industry
in Two Rivers were contacted to determine what facilities
and services they provide sport fishermen. Table 12
outlines the facilities and services of each marina.

-13-

Table 12

Outline of Private Marina Facilities

Facility Twin Cities Two Rivers Stop 'N Dock 14th & School Rd. Rogers Street
Marina Sports Marina Marina Boat Dockage Dockage

Private Land Area Total: Parking: ! Parking: Total: Total:
30,000 sq.ft. 6,000 sq.ft. On-site - 15,000 sq.ft. 7,000 sq.ft.

5 Buildings - 1 Building: 13,200 sq.ft Parking: Parking:
(2 leased for 720 sq.ft. Off-site - 13,000 sq.ft. 6,400 sq.ft.
*boat storage) 15,300 sq.ft.
1 Building:
750 sq.ft.

Boat storage Water: Water: Water: Water: Water:
25 leased 30 leased 50 leased 21 leased 19 leased
10 potential 90 potential
F_ Outdoor: Outdoor: Outdoor:
for next
~~I ~Indoor: ! 4 summer 5 leased 3 leased
50 leased 15 winter season
150 potential 100 potential

Number of Ramps One One Five None One

Average Daily 10 weekdays 5-10 weekdays 100- 150 boats NA. --
Launching 50 weekends 20 weekends

Other Facilities Major Boat Repair Major Boat Repair Fishing Equipment

~~~~~~~~~Sales
Fishing Equipment Dumping Station Sales
Sales Fishing Equipment
Fish Cleaning Sales
Facilities Fish Cleaning
Facilities

The marina owners all believed that the number of people
participating in sport fishing and sailing in Two Rivers
would increase. State statistics indicate that despite
the increased cost of resident fishing licenses from
$4.25 for an annual individual license to $6.50, and
from $7.25 for an annual family license to $10.50, the
number of people fishing and boating has increased. one
factor which may add to the increasing popularity of
fishing may be the energy crisis. Wisconsin residents
have begun to vacation closer to home, rather than traveling
to the west coast or Florida.

A second factor which has improved resident's perception
of fishing and boating on Lake Michigan is the coastal
environmental clean-up program. Finally, it stands to
reason that improving recreational facilities at Two Rivers
will serve to draw greater numbers of people.

There is agreement among the owners of the three largest
marinas that the City needs more boat launching ramps.
Two of the marina operators felt that these ramps should
be provided by the City, while the third felt that launches
should be kept as private businesses. In addition, the
marina operators had the following recommendations;

(1) Provide area for sail boats to dock within the harbor;

(2) Add extra public and/or private boat launching ramps;

(3) Provide extra parking, especially at Municipal Ramp;

(4) Provide public fish cleaning facilities;

(5) Continue fish planting efforts;

(6) Increase the depth of the existing ramps at Municipal
Ramp;
(7) Add restrooms and showers to the Harbor Street lot;
and
(8) Continue municipal camper permit system.

ANALYSIS

For over a decade, sport fishing for large salmon has been
� popular activity in Two Rivers. This has given rise to
� significant business, and prompted the City to improve
its recreational fishing services. The City has improved
its boat launching facilities, provided cleaning hooks and
disposes of entrails at four collection sites.

-15-

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N

~~~~~~~

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It is expected that the fish population will remain at its
current high level, and that the popularity of fishing will
continue to grow. Two Rivers is in the position to become
the strongest sport fishing center on the western shore of
Lake Michigan. This view is held by DNR officials involved
in sport fishing, and is consistent with what is actually
happening in the way of fishing-and the City's location.

This report establishes objectives which will be reasonably
easy to obtain for the benefit of all the people of Two
Rivers, whether sport fishermen or not. In addition to the
improvement of the City's recreational facilities, residents
will receive economic and social benefits.

Sport fishing in Two Rivers has yet to reach its pinnacle
among local, area, state-wide and out-of-state fishermen.
The City government, private business and service organiza-
tions should continue to promote development of this activity
to its fullest potential.

CITY-WIDE FACILITIES

The existing and proposed facilities which support the sport
fishing industry in Two Rivers, including boat ramps, boat
storage and other facilities, are shown on the Facilities Plan
Map (Figure #1). There are facilities on both the East and
West Twin Rivers and near the harbor entrance, most of which
are privately owned.

The City presently has facilities in three locations, ranging
from the Municipal Marina on the West Twin River to the minor
boat mooring at Harbor Street Park. These services should be
maintained and expanded by the City over the next five years.
Specific site plans and cost estimates are described later in
this report. In general, the Municipal Marina on the West
Twin River and the 27th Street Boat Ramp should continue to
be the City's primary boat launching areas. With adequate
parking, no additional areas for boat launching ramps should
be necessary. Harbor Street Park should continue to be a
mooring site, and should be expanded to include parking and
restrooms with showers. Parking should also be increased at
the 27th Street Boat Ramp.

The Municipal Marina at Vets Park is the City's major sport
fishing facility. Restroom facilities should be replaced
so that they are more available to the public. Parking should
also be provided where the baseball diamond is presently
located. Though there are other suitable locations in the
City for baseball diamonds, this is the most suitable site for
the public boat landing. The Vets Park baseball diamond
would then be relocated within the City. Temporarily, the
planned baseball diamond for the 14th Street Park can replace
the Vets Park diamond.

-16-

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I-WBATE FIHIGAMP TRAE-PRIVATE
/~~~~~~~~I-AE ALN BOAT RAMP-PUBPULIC

PR- N POUTDOORA BOAT STRAMP GUBE

Facilities Plan- Sport Fishing Support MARINA CAMPING

Services - City of Two Rivers,Wi. POENTIA MRINAS-PRIVATE
BR REST ROOMS -PRBIVAT
GARY L. PETERSON and ASSOCIATES MRRS OM PBI
July, 1980 FPRR FUTURE REST ROOMS

-17-

These recommendations are based on the fact that the parking
lots at the two present boat ramps are taxed to capacity. At
the Municipal Marina, the overflow fills the Metal Ware Corp.
parking lot and adjacent streets with cars with boat trailers.
There is also not enough room at this site for the ballfield,
therefore, it should be removed *and replaced with a parking lot
which is greatly needed in the location.

The off-street parking area at the 27th Street Boat Ramp has
recently been expanded to hold about 24 cars if neatly aligned.
This may be adequate for now, but it is reasonable to expect
that demand will grow well beyond the spaces provided. The
proposed schematics in this report provide desirable, func-
tional parking lot designs.

The restrooms with showers at Harbor Street Park are princi-
pally intended to serve Great Lakes boaters, although sport
fishermen may also use them. This park and its facilities
should welcome the boating visitor to the City, and provide
him with a good impression of Two Rivers. Attracting this
type of boater to our shores is an important element in adver-
tising the quality of life of the City.

In time, additional private marinas and boat ramps will most
likely be needed, and the private market should provide them
as they are demanded. Since there are a limited number of
potential sites for such facilities, they will most likely
be provided by expansion of present facilities. The East
Twin River seems to have the most potential for additional
sport fishing facilities, since the vacant areas on the West
Twin River are wetlands or have shallow water near shore.

Twin Cities Marina and Two Rivers Sports Marina will continue
to be the two major private sport fishing facilities in the
City. They presently have a full range of services and poten-
tial for expansion. When the Washington Street Bridge is
constructed, the Twin City Marina will be precluded from
serving sailboats. It is expected that the Two Rivers Marina
will then experience increased sailboat patronage.

The three marinas with camping sites are pleased to be able to
provide this added service, and expect its popularity to grow
in the future. Certainly, as more people become aware of this
opportunity, they will take advantage of it.

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SITE PLANS AND COSTS

Three locations have been selected as potential sites for
expansion of the public sport fishing support facilities in
Two Rivers. Each site is described below. Included in each
description is a brief analysis of alternative site plans and
costs.

A. 27th Street Boat Ramp

There are two proposed plans to expand parking at the
27th Street Boat Ramp. The first proposal is to develop
two parking areas on land that is now owned by the City.
These areas would accommodate 64 cars with boat trailers--
18 on lots 11 and 12, and 46 on lots 6 through 9. Space
limitations make diagonal car and boat trailer parking the
only reasonable design alternative, as shown in Figure 2.

The .34 acre parcel made of lots 11 and 12 was purchased
in 1979 with Community Development Block Grant funds. It
is estimated that it will cost $3,440 to develop this site
with gravel base parking and wooden creosole wheel steps,
and landscaping. The estimated cost of bituminous paving,
with painted stall lines and landscaping is $5,540. Site
costs for all sites are shown in detail in Appendix 1.

The .69 acre parcel consisting of lots 6 through 9 lies
south of 27th Street along the river. The estimated cost
of gravel base parking with wooden creosole wheel stops
and landscaping for this parcel is $6,615. Development
with bituminous paving, painted stall lines, and landscaping
is estimated at $11,200.

One problem with the site design of the larger parcel is
that drivers will have to exit back onto the street if they
do not find parking in the aisle they enter. This would
cause an inconvenience and may add to congestion, but is
not viewed as a major problem. The site could he developed
so that turn around aisles are provided within the lot,
however, this would reduce the number of spaces which the
parcel could accommodate.

The second proposed plan is designed to overcome this
shortcoming and increase the number of parking spots to
be provided. In this proposal lots 11 and 12 would be
developed as in the first proposal. The parcel consisting
of lots 6 through 9 would be expanded to include the two
adjacent lots, 5 and 10. This parcel would then be 1.03
acres, permitting greater flexibility in parking lot design.
Three alternative parking designs have been included for
this parcel, as shown in Figures 3, 4, and S.

-19-

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Several factors must be considered when choosing the most
appropriate design for parking lots. Diagonal parking
stalls have the advantages of easier maneuverability,
greater door clearance, and less congestion and smaller
space requirements in the parking lot. However, a
disadvantage of diagonal parking is that traffic is limited
to one direction.

Figure 3 shows a site plan which utilizes 90-degree head-
on parking. As designed, the site will accommodate 63
cars with boat trailers. The site plan in Figure 4 is
composed of one and one-half bays of diagonal parking with
a two-way median road. Total car and boat trailer parking
would be 60 spaces. The third site plan, Figure 5, would
not have the disadvantages which result when cars with
boat trailers are forced to back out into a two-way median
road. Stalls are designed diagonally for maximum maneuver-
ability. This site plan would provide spaces for 59 cars
and trailers.

The cost of site development would be approximately equal
for all three plans, although the latter two (Fig. 4 and 5)
would require slightly more landscaping. Gravel base
parking with creosole wheel stops and landscaping is esti-
mated at $10,689, while bituminous paving with painted
stall lines and landscaping is estimated to cost $16,854.

B. Municipal Marina

The second location for expansion of sport fishing support
facilities is the River Street Municipal Marina and Parkinq.
Two alternative parking lot designs for this site are
shown in Figures 6 and 7. Currently, parking is limited
to 58 stalls lieing between the railroad tracks and the
river. The design on Figure 6 would expand parking by
126 stalls by including the area which serves as the
Vets Park baseball diamond, for a total of 187 stalls on
the site. The second alternative, Figure 7, is designed
with perpendicular parking stalls. The total car and boat
trailer capacity for this design would be 181 stalls.
This is 123 stalls greater than the current municipal
parking capacity of 58 vehicles.

The estimated cost of both parking lots is equivalent,
however, landscaping costs would run slightly higher for
the second design. Gravel based parking with wooden
creosole wheel stops and landscaping would cost $32,000 to
$33,400. Bituminous paving with painted stalls and land-
scaping would cost $52,500 to $52,950.

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A fish cleaning facility has also been proposed for the
River Street site as shown in Figure 8. The proposed
location is shown on both site plans, Figures 6 and 7,
near the boat launching facilities. The total estimated
cost is $2,850, with the detailed estimate shown in
Appendix 2.

C. Harbor Street Park

The third location for proposed sport fishing support
facilities is located on the corner of Harbor and East
Streets. It consists on 0.176 acres including lots 130,
140 and 141. Two alternatives have been developed for this
site. The site plans are shown oh Figures 9 and 11.

The first alternative, shown on Figure 9, consists of a rest
area with showers and parking capacity for 13 cars. Figure 10
shows a building design for the restrooms at Harbor Street
Park. It utilizes a passive solar design and complies with
architectural standards for barrier free sites and structures.
The cost of the building along with site work is estimated at
$15,800, as detailed in Appendix 3. This brings the total
cost of the rest area with landscaping, a-gravel based parking
lot and wooden creosoled wheel stops to $17,950. With
bituminous paving, painted parking stalls and landscaping the
cost would be $18,950.

The second alternative for this site is to use it exclusively
for car parking. This is shown in Figure 11. The parking
lot would have a 17 car capacity, with 90 degree head-on
parking and one-way traffic flow. The estimated cost would
be $2,840 for gravel based parking with wooden creosoled
wheel stops and landscaping. Bituminous paving, painted
parking stalls and landscaping is estimated at $3,860. Site
grading cost were included in both of these estimates, and
detailed cost estimates are given in Appendix 2.

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Appendix 1

Site Cost Estimates in Detail

27th Street Boat Ramp**

Option A* Option B*

Tax Parcel-Block 9, Lots 11-12

$3,094.00 $5,327.63
186.30 52.20
160.00 160.00
Total $3,440.00 $5,539.83 Total

Tax Parcel-Block 4, Lots 6- 9

$6,278.45 $10,811.95
52.90 103.60
282.80 282.80
Total $6,614.15 $11,198.35 Total

Tax Parcel-Block 4, Lots 5-10

$ 9,390.40 $16,183.40
848.70 221.00
450.00 450.00
Total $10,689.10 $16,854.40 Total

River Street Municipal Marina

Option A* Option B**

Alt. #1 (Fig. 6) Alt. #1 (Fig. 6)

$29,117.40 $50,723.20
1,827.00 810.00
1,050.40 1,050.40
Total $31,994.44 $52,528.60 Total

Alt. #2 (Fig. 7) Alt. #2 (Fig. 7)

$29,117.40 $50,723.20
1,827.00 810.00
1,414.00 1,414.00
Total $33,408.80 $52,947.20 Total

*Option A includes 6" gravel base parking, wooden creosoled wheel
stops and landscaping. Option B includes bituminous paving, painted
lines and landscaping. Cost estimates for each item are given in
that order.
**Any costs to purchase lots would be in addition to the development
costs.

Appendix 2

Facility Cost Estimates in Detail

River Street Municipal Marina
Fish Cleaning Facility

Site Grading (.52 sq.yds.) $ 34.60
6" Concrete slab on grade (19.22 cu.yds.) 1,441.50
Slab finish (.27 sq.ft.) 40.50
Concrete roofing (5.10 sq.ft.) 765.00
Pipe columns with concrete fill 126.00
Strip lighting (2 @ $118 each) 236.00
Fish cleaning tables 100.00
Trash containers 104.00

Total $2,847.60

Harbor Street Park
Rest Area/Lot

Option A* Option B*

Alt. #1 (Fig. 9)

Site Work (Total) $ 4,619.80 $ 4,619.80
Rest Area 11,189.00 11,189.00
Parking Lot* 1,545.02 2,647.44
Landscaping 489.80 489.80
Total $17,943.62 $18,946.04

Alt. #2 (Fig. 11)

Parking Lot* $ 1,736.01 $ 2,757.83
Landscaping 1,102.00 1,102.00
Total $ 2,838.01 $ 3,859.83

*The parking area in Option A includes a 6" gravel base lot
with wooden creosoled wheel stops; the lot in Option B
consists of bituminous paving with painted lines to desig-
nate stalls.

Appendix 3

Harbor Street Park Rest Area
Restroom Cost Estimates in Detail

Item and Quantity Cost

6" concrete slab on grade (19.22 cu.yds) $1307.00
Slab finish (.27 sq.ft.) 55.00
Exterior siding - Redwood Rough (1.11 sq.ft.) 852.00
Insulation - fiber-foil faced (.29 sq.ft.) 223.00
Roof insulation (.56 sq.ft.) 142.80
Asphalt shingles (.59 sq.ft.) 150.00
Louves - aluminum (1.62 ft.) 29.16
Gutters (2.54 ft.) 86.36
Downspouts (1.75 ft.) 56.00
Wood exterior door with sill (3 63.40) 190.20
Gypsum dry wall - moisture resistant(.58 sq.ft.) 445.40
Paint - 3 coats flat (.37 sq.ft.) 284.20
Lay-in suspension ceiling (1.39 sq.ft.) 567.12
Signage 9.00
Shower stall (2 @ $550.28) 1100.56
Toilet partition (3 @ $201.91) 605.73
Urinal partition 86.05
Toilet paper dispenser (4 @ $19.38) 77.52
Towel dispenser/mirror/shelf/soap unit(3@ 194.08) 582.24
Skylight (4 @ $137.00) 548.00
Feminine napkin dispenser 254.04
Waste receptacle (3 @ $140) 420.00
Floor mounted toilet (4 @ $256) 1024.00
Urinal - wall hung 291.00
Sink - wall hung (5 @ 306.28) 1541.40
Strip lighting - 4-40W (2 @ $118) 236.00
Slim line strip lighting - 2-40W 34.89
Total $11,198.00