[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
























































































                          SIT                                                                                   I @I
                          35
                          .H3
                          1993




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                                                      F1 NAL REPORT.



                                           AS.TUDY OF COMMUNITY-BASED
                                         HAWAIIAN FISHPOND RESTORATION
                                                AND USE ON MOLOKA'l -






                                                       Pre-pared for:

                                            Aquaculture Development'Program
                                        Department of Land and Natural Resources
                                                      State of Hawaii


                                                      Contract 33969



                                                       Prepared by:


                                                    MBA International
                                               1199 Bishop Street, Suite 3411
                                               Honolulu, Hawaii -9,6813-3314


                                                         Contacts:

                                                    William A.. Brew er
                                                    james T. Berdach







                                                     25 January 1990,'




































                                              T40AA CMYSMV%, Center'
                                                           Libralry,











                                                           TABLE OF CONTENTS


                 Section                                                                                                    Tyge

                EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


                  1      MOLOKA'I COMMUNITY SURVEY                       .................................                   1-1
                         1.1      Introduction and Background          ..................................                    1-1
                         1.2      Methods      ..................................................                            1-1
                         1.3      Results     ...................................................                            1-3
                                  1.3.1 Questionnaire         ........................................                       1-3
                                  1.3.2 Community Meeting           ....................................                     1-5
                         1.4      Discussion     .................................................                           1-7


                  2      AQUACULTURE REGULATIONS ANALYSIS                             ........................               2-1


                  3      CONCEPTUAL PLANS FOR TWO DEMONSTRATION PONDS                                      ..........        3-1
                         3.1      Traditional Fishpond Culture in Hawaii         ...........................                 3-1
                         3.2      General Physical and Chemical Parameters            ........................               3-2
                         3.3      Modern Fishpond Production and Management                .....................             3-3
                         3.4      Application of Modern Principles to Hawaiian Fishponds               .............         3-4
                         3.5      Site-Specific Aquaculture System and Restoration Proposals              ...........        3-4
                                  3.5.1   Site Descriptions      ......................................                      3-4
                                  3.5.2   Aquaculture Systems         ...................................                    3-5
                                  3.5.3   Proposed Restoration Plans         ..............................                  3-7
                                  3.5.4   Traditional and Modern Work Techniques              ...................            3-9
                                  3.5.5   Construction Schedule        ..................................                    3-9
                                  3.5.6   Estimated Cost of Restoration         ............................                 3-10


                  4      ORGANIZATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL MODELS                                 ..................            4-1
                         4.1      Introduction      ...............................................                          4-1
                         4.2      Alternative Models       ..........................................                        4-1
                                  4.2.1 DLNR/Aquaculture Development Program                   ..................            4-1
                                  4.2.2 Moloka'i Fishpond Commission              ...........................                4-2
                         4.3      Recommended Model: Moloka'i Fishpond Commission                   ...............          4-2
                                  4.3.1   Administration      ........................................                       4-2
                                  4.3.2   DBEDT        .............................................                         4-2
                                  4.3.3   DLNR       ..............................................                          4-2
                                  4. 3. 4 Recommendations          .....................................                     4-3
                                  4.3.5   Mandate, Responsibilities,     and  Legal  Structure    ................           4-3
                                  4.3.6   Membership       ..........................................                        4-4
                                  4.3.7   Staffing     .............................................                         4-4
                                  4.3.8   Financing and Economics        ................................                    4-5
                                  4.3.9   Land Use and Preservation          ..............................                  4-5
                         4.4      Honouliwai Fishtrap        .........................................                       4-5
                                  4.4.1 Organization         .........................................                       4-5
                                  4.4.2 Operation and Maintenance            ..............................                  4-6
                                  4.4.3   LegalForm        ..........................................                        4-6









                 Section                                                                                                     Page

                         4.5      Kahinapohaku Fishpond          ......................................                        4-6
                                  4.5.1   Organization       .........................................                         4-6
                                  4.5.2 Operation and Maintenance            ..............................                    4-6
                                  4.5.3   LegalForm        ..........................................                          4-7

                   5     ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS                       .................................                     5-1


                   6     PERMIT SIMPLIFICATION RECOMMENDATIONS AND MASTER PERMIT
                         APPLICATIONS           .................                                                              6-1
                         6.1      Draft Recommendations for Simplifying Restoration of Moloka'i Fishponds
                                                                                                                               6-1
                                  6.l'.'l*            C*'o*nservation District Master Permit       ................            6-1
                                  6.1.2 Proposed ACOE General Permit                ..........................                 6-2
                                  6.1.3 Restoration Process          ....................................                      6-2
                                  6.1.4 Other Moloka'i Fishponds            ...............................                    6-2

                   7     CONSULTANT ADD-ONS                  .........................................                         7-1
                         7.1      Introduction      ...............................................                            7-1
                         7.2      Market Factors; Socioeconomic Considerations             .....................               7-1
                                  7.2.1 Products         ............................................                          7-1
                                  7.2.2   Target Markets for Locally Cultured Fishpond Seafood                .........        7-3
                                  7.2.3   A Unique Marketing Opportunity: The Need for a Hatchery Facility
                                          for Selected Pond-Cultured Seedstock            ......................               7-5
                         7.3      Archaeological Constraints         ....................................                      7-6
                         7.4      Regulatory Updates        ..........................................                         7-7
                                  7.4.1 Section 404 -- Clean Water Act Update              .....................               7-7
                                  7.4.2 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program                        7-7
                         7.5      Criteria for Classification of Moloka'i Fishponds          ....................              7-8
                                  7.5.1 Environmental Factors           ..................................                     7-8
                                  7.5.2 Regulatory Factors         .....................................                       7-9
                                  7.5.3 Socioeconomic Factors           ..................................                    7-10
                         7.6      A Ranking Hierarchy for Moloka'i Fishponds              ......................              7-11
                                  7.6.1 Materials and Methods           ..................................                    7-11
                                  7.6.2 Limitations of the Analysis         ...............................                   7-12
                                  7.6.3 Ranking of Ponds for Restoration              .........................               7-12
                                  7.6.4 Conclusions and Recommendations                ........................               7-12


                   8 LIST OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED                                                8-1
                         8.1      Consulted Parties       ...........................................                          8-1


                   9     LIST OF PREPARERS               ............................................                          9-1


                   10    LIST OF REFERENCES               ...........................................                         10-1





                                                                         ii






                                                       LISTOF EXHIBITS                                        Follows
              Exhibil                                                                                          . Page

              3.1     Mullet Production Highlights       .........................................                3-4
              3.2     Basic Differences in Pond Management: Traditional Hawaiian (Extensive) Culture              and
                      Modern (Semi-Intensive) Culture        ......................................               3-4
              3.3     Fishpond Culture System Alternatives for Hawaii       ..........................            3-4
              3.4     Traditional Fishpond Culture (Extensive System)       ..........................            3-4
              3.5     Modern Fishpond Culture (Semi-Intensive System)         .........................           3-4
              3.6     Demonstration Ponds: Honouliwai and Kahinapohaku           .......................          3-4
              3.7     Honouliwai Fishtrap, Moloka'i, Hawai'i      ..................................              3-4
              3.8     Kahinapohaku Fishpond, Moloka'i, Hawai'i       ...............................              3-4
              3.9     Water Quality: Two Demonstration Ponds         ...............................              3-5
              3.10    Honouliwai Fishpond Restoration        ......................................               3-7
              3.11    Kahinapohaku Fishpond Restoration        ....................................               3-8
              3.12    Rock Size and Weight      ...............................................                   3-9
              3.13    Calculations for Honouliwai Estimate       ...................................             3-10
              3.14    Reconstruction Cost Estimate: Honouliwai Fishtrap         ........................         3-10
              3.15    Calculations for Kahinapohaku Estimate       .................................             3-10
              3.16    Reconstruction Cost Estimate: Kahinapohaku Fishpond           .....................        3-10
              4.1     Comparison of Two Organizational Models        ...............................              4-1
              4.2     Comparison of DBEDT and DLNR Administrations Related to Fishpond Restoration                4-3
              4.3     Organization Chart, Proposed Commission        ...............................              4-3
              4.4     Proposed Commission Membership          .....................................               4-4
              7.1     Popularity of Seafood Species in Hawaii Households (1987)         ..................        7-3
              7.2     Commercial Fishpond Production, Island of Oahu 1982-1991          ..................        7-3
              7.3     Commercial Fishpond Production, Island of Hawaii 1982-1991           ................       7-3
              7.4     Fresh Fish Market Prices, Hilo - November 1992        ..........................            7-3
              7.5     A Ranking Hierarchy for Moloka'i Fishponds         .............................           7-12



                                                     LIST OF APPENDICES


                A MOLOKA'I COMMUNITY SURVEY MATERIALS
                 B    MOLOKAJ FISHPOND DATA SHEETS




































                                  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY-











                                             A STUDY OF COMMUNITY-BASED
                                      HAWAIIAN FISHPOND RESTORATION AND USE
                                                         ON MOLOKA'I



                                                    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



              Funding for this project was provided by the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR)
              under Coastal Zone Management Cooperative Agreement No. NA170ZO232-01, dated 10 July 1991,
              granted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States Department
              of Commerce under Section 306 and 309 of the National Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
              Public Law No. 92-583, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1451 et. seq). The contract between MBA
              International (the Consultants) and the Aquaculture Development Program (ADP; the Client),
              DLNR, was administered by Mr. John S. Corbin, Manager, ADP.

              The objective of this study was to facilitate the successful restoration and revitalization of ancient
              Hawaiian fishponds on Moloka'i and, ultimately, Statewide. The study addressed three broad issues
              which impact fishpond restoration and use: 1) community concerns, particularly those pertaining to
              traditional Hawaiian cultural values; 2) regulatory obstacles caused by a complex, protracted, and
              costly permit process; and 3) formulation of workable organizational and operational models for
              c
                 mmunity-based restoration and use of Hawaiian fishponds.
               o

              Emphasis of the work in all phases was based on close interaction and coordination with the
              Governor's Task Force on Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration (the Task Force), the Cultural Committee
              of the Task Force, the respective fishpond 'ohana, and interested members of the Moloka'i
              community. The overall goal of this undertaking was the development of local consensus on the
              methodologies, organizational, and operational models for community-based restoration, management,
              and use of Hawaiian fishponds.

              The scope of services included eight principal tasks including:

                      Task 1.         Moloka'i Community Survey

                      Task 2.         Aquaculture Regulations Analysis

                      Task 3.         Conceptual Plans for Two Demonstration Ponds

                      Task 4.         Organizational and Operational Models

                      Task 5.         Environmental Assessments

                      Task 6.         Permit Simplification Recommendations and Master Permit Application

                      Task 7.         Consultant Suggested Add-Ons (market factors, socio-economic concerns,
                                      archaeological constraints, regulatory updates, and development of a
                                      hierarchical classification of Moloka'i fishponds)

                      Task S.         Final Report









               The following is a summary, by task, of the Consultants' findings, results, recommendations, and
               conclusions.


               Task 1. Moloka'i Community Surve

               Principal responsibility for obtaining community input resided with Ms. Berna Cabacungan, Earthplan.
               The major activities included in this task were: the development and implementation of a
               questionnaire; the planning, coordination, and development of a meeting plan for a community
               workshop; the preparation of a report to document and summarize the results of these activities; and
               the integration of questionnaire and community workshop recommendations into proposed
               organizational and operational models for community-based restoration and use of Hawaiian
               fishponds on Moloka'i.

               At the onset of this study, the extent (or lack) of community consensus on key fishpond issues could
               not be anticipated. The essential issue was traditional versus contemporary restoration and use and
               it was envisioned that major disagreement would center on the preferred mode of fishpond
               restoration. However, questionnaire results and community workshop input suggested that a large
               sector of the Moloka'i community was in consensus on this and other key issues. While most
               respondents agreed that the traditional uses and methods of restoration should be respected, they also
               felt that fishponds should be restored in as efficient a manner as possible, i.e., that the use of certain
               types of modern heavy equipment for wall reconstruction was acceptable. There was also consensus
               on the aquaculture technology involved, with the majority of respondents believing that both
               traditional and contemporary aquaculture technologies should be used. The respondents were also
               in favor of the proposed development of a Moloka'i Fishpond Commission to regulate and control
               uses of fishponds. The proposed Commission would be responsible for processing applications for
               future fishpond restoration projects, and for enforcing established rules and regulations. The
               integration of questionnaire results and community input is further described under the proposed
               organizational model (Task 4).

               Task 2. Aquaculture Regulations Analysis

               Mr. John H. Bay, Esq., was responsible for the compilation of information required under this task.
               The objective of this task was to research, analyze, and report on existing Federal, State, and County
               laws, regulations, ordinances, and rules which regulate the acquisition, leasing, construction and
               reconstruction, and operation of aquaculture projects in Hawaii, including publicly and privately
               owned Hawaiian fishponds. In addition, this analysis updated and built upon existing information
               sources, and considered trends and changes in the regulatory environment affecting aquaculture
               development activities within the State.

               This analysis resulted in the preparation of two stand-alone contract deliverables: a comprehensive
               report and detailed regulatory guide entitled Permits and Regidatmy Requirements forAquaculture in
               Hawaii, and a synthesis of this report into a brief, annotated, guide, Pennits and Regulations for
               Aquaculture in Hawaii. It is expected that both documents will be published by the DLNR for
               distribution to aquaculturists and other interested parties throughout Hawaii.

               Task 3. Conceptual Plans for Two Demonstration Ponds

               Mr. Eugene P. Dashiell, Eugene P. Dashiell AICP Planning Services, and Mr. Craig Emberson,
               Amaqua Inc., provided expertise (in planning and aquaculture, respectively) for the preparation of
               the conceptual plans. The objective of this task was the development of conceptual plans and cost









               estimates for two selected demonstration fishpond restoration projects on Moloka'i. The two
               candidate demonstration pond sites, Honouliwai Fishpond (fishtrap) and Kahinapohaku Fishpond,
               are both located in East Moloka'i. Both sites were pre-selected by the Task Force based upon the
               relative absence of significant land use, cultural, natural resource, or regulatory constraints. Thus,
               the selection of the two demonstration ponds was based upon the relative ease of obtaining permits
               for the sites. In addition, the 'ohana of each pond had expressed a strong interest in the restoration,
               operation, and management of their respective fishponds. If other priorities had been identified, such
               as restoration of ponds for high aquacultural productivity, or restoring ponds with the greatest
               archaeological significance, then other criteria would have been applied to the selection process.

               Data obtained through literature searches, and input from fishpond reconstruction experts within the
               Moloka'i community, were used to prepare procedures for reconstruction, materials estimates,
               conceptual designs, and labor requirements for each of the two demonstration ponds. Reconstruction
               cost estimates indicated that the Honouliwai Fishpond could be restored for approximately $10,000;
               the restoration of Kahinapohaku Fishpond would require approximately $22,000. These figures are
               based upon the use of non-professional labor, which is consistent with the willingness of the 'ohana
               to perform many of the work tasks in a traditional manner, and not strictly for monetary reward.

               Several aquacultural operational models and options were identified and evaluated for Kahinapohaku
               and Honouliwai fishponds. Operational models ranged from traditional Hawaiian to semi-intensive
               culture systems involving the capture and cultivation of popular local fish such as mullet, milkfish,
               moi, and weke, certain shellfish (clams, oysters), and various seaweeds (ogo). Kahinapohaku Fishpond
               could be expected to produce 300 to 500 kilograms/hectare/year (270 to 450 pounds/acre/year) of
               mullet or milkfish, or a combination of both, provided fry sources are available. It was recommended
               that the much smaller Honouliwai Fishpond should be operated in its traditional manner as a fishtrap
               for locally popular pelagic and reef fish; small quantities of ogo could also be cultured on racks placed
               within the pond walls. Productivity estimates indicated that Honouliwai Fishpond could produce
               approximately 250 pounds/year of marine fish.

               Should the long-term goal of fishpond restoration attain such success on Moloka'i that production
               levels increase consistently, consideration should then be given to developing a local hatchery. The
               hatchery would enable fishpond producers to purchase hatchery-raised fry rather than risk the
               eventual depletion (through collection) of natural stocks. In addition to being a less expensive and
               less environmentally damaging alternative, the hatchery would also increase job opportunities for the
               residents of Moloka'i.


               Task 4. Organizational and Operational Models

               Mr. Dashiell also developed organizational and operational models for ancient Hawaiian fishponds
               on Moloka'i. The objective of this task was the formulation of models for the organization and
               operation of the two demonstration ponds specifically, and ponds on Moloka'i generally. The models
               included draft administrative, technical, and legal structures. Input from the Task Force, fishpond
               'ohana, and the Moloka'i community contributed to the formulation of the models and the
               identification of a preferred organizational and operational model.

               The first candidate organizational model was based upon the existing role of the ADP. Under this
               model, restoration of ancient Hawaiian fishponds would represent just one of the agency's many
               activities. Community input would be gathered through public hearings and workshops, with standard
               agency administrative procedures guiding the actions of ADP including planning, administrative
               programming, and budgeting.









               A second organizational model, one endorsed by members of the Moloka'i community and ultimately
               selected as the preferred model, involved the establishment of a "Moloka'i Fishpond Commission".
               The responsibility of this proposed Commission would be to restore, and to oversee the operation
               of, the fishponds on Moloka'i. The Commission, comprised of members from both the public and
               private sector, would be responsible for planning, programming, and budgeting for fishpond
               restoration and operation activities. If possible, the Commission would be partially funded from a
               portion of income derived from restored ponds. The Commission would also be responsible for
               obtaining additional funding from other sources, e.g., contributions from private foundations and the
               general public. Administrative linkage of the Commission to an established State agency would
               ensure that all legal requirements, such as those associated with the use of public funds, would be
               fulfilled, and would also facilitate interaction with the Governor's office.

               Comparison of two candidate State agencies, DLNR and Department of Business, Economic
               Development, and Tourism (DBEDT), led to the conclusion that the Commission should be
               administratively linked to the DLNR for several reasons. Most significantly, a linkage with the
               Chairperson of the DLNR would reinforce the concept that fishpond planning, restoration, and
               operation are subsumed by the functions of aquaculture, historic preservation, and natural resource
               management. Either of the proposed models would require dedicated resources and staff (i.e., two
               additional persons assigned to the ADP) to facilitate fishpond restoration throughout the State.

               The mandate of the proposed Moloka'i Fishpond Commission would not include any land use
               decision-making authority or zoning power as these activities would continue to be administered by
               existing agencies. However, the Commission would be a part of the review process for any such
               action affecting the proposed restoration of fishponds on Moloka'i.

               It was recommended that the Commission, or unit of the Commission, should be constituted as a non-
               profit organization and that it operate semi-autonomously with the Commission members as a Board
               of Directors. This would enable the organization to enter into services or construction contracts for
               management, consultations, and minor construction. Non-profit status would make the organization
               eligible for obtaining grants from private sources or foundations.

               Task 5. Environmental Assessments


               The staff of MBA International, led by Mr. William A. Brewer, carried out baseline surveys and
               environmental assessments (EAs) for the two demonstration ponds. The objective of this task was
               the preparation of a draft EA for each of the two selected demonstration ponds to facilitate "fast-
               track" permitting at the Federal, State, and County level and to provide relevant information to the
               affected public. This task also included the research and preparation of a "generic" draft EA to
               facilitate the permitting requirements for other fishponds on Moloka'i (see also Task 6).

               A draft EA was prepared for each of the two demonstration ponds following the requirements of
               Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, Environmental Impact Statement Rules (Title 11, Chapter
               200), and recent amendments thereto (Act 241, Session Laws of Hawaii 1992), and with input from
               the Task Force, the Cultural Committee of the Task Force, fishpond 'ohana, and members of the
               Moloka'i community. Baseline marine biological and archaeological surveys were conducted within
               each pond, and in the general vicinity. There were no marine, coastal, or terrestrial resources, or
               archaeological or cultural sites of significance identified at either site that could be considered a
               constraint to development. It is also felt that any impacts anticipated at the two sites could be
               mitigated to the satisfaction of affected agencies and the concerned public.









               Proceeding beyond the stipulated scope of work for the contract, the Consultants prepared two
               general permit applications to the ACOE to facilitate the fast-track permitting of the two
               demonstration ponds. These applications were submitted under the signature of the Chairperson of
               the DLNR.


               Task 6. Permit Simplification Recommendations and Master Permit Application

               Ms. Jacqueline A. Parnell, AICP, of KRP Information Services, led the effort to develop permit
               simplification strategies. The objectives of this task were: 1) to make recommendations for
               streamlining the permit process; 2) to designate specific laws, ordinances, rules, procedures, and
               permits for change; and 3) to develop a draft master permit application for low-key, community-based,
               traditional restoration and use of privately or publicly owned fishponds.

               This task involved an analysis of regulatory obstacles to fishpond restoration and involved literature
               searches, agency contacts, and meetings with pond owners and operators, and pond wall restorers.
               The results of this effort indicated that U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers (ACOE) authority under
               Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, as amended, and the Conservation District Regulations of the
               DLNR represented the two greatest regulatory obstacles to fishpond revitalization. The County-
               regulated Special Management Area (SMA) ordinance was not identified as a problem since
               aquaculture is a permitted use within the SMA and most fishpond wall reconstruction would be
               directed at sites outside of the SMA.


               The Consultants prepared a model "Master Conservation District Use Application" (CDUA) and a
               generic "master" EA for 38 fishponds on Moloka'i. The ponds were selected on the basis of their
               potential for restoration and absence of overriding environmental or natural resource constraints (see
               fishpond classification database under Task 7). The ADP was the designated "applicant" for the
               CDUA.


               Long-term solutions for restoration of the remainder of the more "resource constrained" fishponds
               on Moloka'i would entail the development of a Master Plan and a Master Environmental Impact
               Statement. These documents would be used to satisfy regulatory requirement concerns on water
               quality, natural resources, endangered species, and cultural resources deemed unworkable under the
               CDUA permitting process. Federal funds for master planning may be available through the Special
               Area Management Program (SAMP) of the ACOE.

               The draft master CDUA and EA being provided are intended as models and are available to be
               utilized to whatever extent and in whatever manner deemed appropriate by the Task Force or the
               proposed Moloka'i Fishpond Commission. However, prior to submittal of any formal permit
               application, adjustments to the list of fishponds to be covered by a master Conservation District Use
               permit will no doubt be required.

               Adjustments to the list of included ponds may be based on one or more of the following
               considerations (among others):

                      0       Lack of interest by owners of private fishponds in restoring their ponds

                       0      Updated information on pond condition obtained through new field surveys or aerial
                              photographs









                               Acquisition of permits for restoration of certain ponds either being sought or already
                               accomplished through avenues other than a master CDUA.

               Task 7. Consultant Suggested Add-Ons

               Although not specifically identified in the Client's Invitation For Bid, the Consultants proposed to
               address a number of additional topics because of their relevance to both short- and long-term
               fishpond revitalization goals. These topics included: market factors relating to fishpond products;
               socio-economic considerations; archaeological opportunities and constraints; regulatory updates; and
               development of a hierarchical classification scheme for Moloka'i fishponds.

               Marketin .    Marketing of fishpond products is interwoven with overriding socio-economic
               considerations. One theme which emerged is the concern for the preservation of the unique cultural
               resources the fishponds represent. Other concerns, including the potential for making the operation
               of fishponds a profitable enterprise, are subservient to it. In certain respects, the traditional
               preservation and operation of fishponds is in conflict with achievement of high productivity or
               profitability. Thus, the community will consider the project successful if the ponds are restored, even
               if they are not further developed into resources from which substantial financial gain can be achieved.

               This analysis included evaluation of the potential marketability of a diverse array of products,
               including non-traditional marine aquarium fishes, shrimp, oysters, and seaweeds or limu. Specific
               recommendations included a general affirmation of the importance of culturing native species, both
               for cultural and biological reasons. It was further suggested that fishpond products should be
               marketed on Maui which has a resident population of over 100,000 and a higher visitor profile than
               does Moloka'i. Moloka'i seafood producers should also attempt to sell directly to the end customer
               and avoid middlemen or wholesalers. For the direct sales approach to be successful, a processing area
               would need to be established at either the pond or at some central location in Kaunakakai.

               Archaeology. Archaeological constraints are not necessarily limiting to fishpond revitalization,
               provided that pond restorers adhere to the following guidelines:

                      0        Restoration should retain the essential characteristics of the fishpond's physical
                               structures


                      0        The process of restoration should not damage the targeted historical resource, or
                               other historical resources onsite


                      0        The operation of the ponds should not detract from their historical and cultural
                               significance.

               These guidelines, together with existing archaeological information, establish a procedure which
               permits restoration of fishponds while giving due consideration to their unique cultural and historical
               significance.

               RegulatoKy Constraints. Two Federal programs, one proposed and one implemented, could adversely
               impact the permitting process and associated costs of fishpond revitalization. Proposed amendments
               to regulations promulgated under the Clean Water Act would give the ACOE the authority to
               regulate dredging. Existing statutes generally provide regulatory authority for the placement of
               dredged or fill materials into "waters of the United States". The change in authority, if effected, will









               have serious implications to the restoration effort since many of Moloka'i fishponds have been filled
               with silt; therefore, in order to be restored, each fishpond would need to be dredged.

               On 1 October 1992, the State of Hawaii Department of Health adopted new permitting procedures
               under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program to regulate the
               discharge of stormwater runoff into receiving coastal waters. Depending on the types of activities
               undertaken, and the types of discharges generated, an NPDES permit may be required for the
               restoration and operation of a fishpond. For instance, on-land construction activities or on-land
               "dewatering" of dredged materials associated with fishpond restoration may cause discharges of
               effluents which are regulated under the NPDES.

               "Restorabilfty" Ranking. A "Ranking Hierarchy for Moloka'i Fishponds" was developed based upon
               a comprehensive database. The database was compiled through review of available literature and
               aerial photos. Criteria employed in developing the hierarchy were prioritorized according to a
               numerical rating of pond condition based on aerial photographic analysis, pond area, and pond wall
               length. This hierarchical classification provides insight on the relative potential for restoration of
               Moloka'i fishponds, and will be helpful in future fishpond restoration efforts in the State.

               Major Conclusions and Recommendations

               The following are the major findings and recommendations to evolve from this study:

                       0       Fishponds on Moloka'i should be restored, maintained, and operated in a manner
                               which is culturally sensitive and environmentally sound. While use of modern
                               techniques and equipment (e.g., backhoes) should be minimized, such use is
                               permissible for furthering the goal of fishpond revitalization, provided that legal
                               requirements for environmental and cultural preservation are fulfilled.

                       0       The regulations governing aquaculture-related activities in the State are diverse and
                               complex; the guides which accompany this report will help aquaculturists and fishpond
                               restorers to better understand the legal complexities associated with the restoration
                               process.

                       0       The formation of a "Moloka'i Fishpond Commission" (as proposed) can provide the
                               organizational structure needed to facilitate future fishpond restoration efforts on
                               Moloka'i. Its linkage to an established State agency will facilitate interaction with the
                               Governor's office as it relates to the allocation of State funding and project awards.
                               As a non-profit entity, the Commission could also qualify for funding from private
                               foundations. Its broad-based membership profile (with representation from virtually
                               all public agencies and private parties having an interest in fishpond restoration)
                               assures that balanced decisions will be made in the interest of revitalizing the unique
                               fishpond resources of Moloka'i.

                       0       The two "jump-start" demonstration ponds, Honouliwai and Kahinapohaku, are among
                               the highest-ranking in terms of their likely ease of permit acquisition and
                               "restorability".  The permit application process for the two ponds is currently
                               underway.

                       0       Streamlining the permit process for Moloka'i fishponds is best accomplished through
                               the creation of a Master Conservation District Use Application (CDUA). The









                             accompanying CDUA, targeting the 38 ponds on Moloka'i judged to have the fewest
                             regulatory constraints for permitting, needs to be further refined prior to formal
                             submittal.


              To further the overall goal of restoring the ancient Hawaiian fishponds on Moloka'i, it is
              recommended that two persons be added to the full-time staff of ADP, and that their work be fully
              dedicated to various aspects of the development of the fishpond revitalization program.

              Additionally, it is recommended that complete, new aerial and site surveys be done for all ponds on
              Moloka'i. Information gathered in such surveys will improve the accuracy of information needed for
              sound decision-making for future restoration efforts.





















                                       SECTION I

                              MOLOKA'l COMMUNITY SURVEY











                                                             SECTION 1
                                                MOLOKA'I COMMUNITY SURVEY



                1.1     INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUN


                Any effort to help streamline the process of fishpond revitalization on Moloka'i must remain sensitive
                to cultural issues and local community needs.

                Within this context, the gathering and analysis of community input was first carried out to help focus
                the direction for the subsequent tasks specified by this project. Three main areas of concern were
                addressed in the course of the community input and evaluation process:

                        0       consideration of traditional concerns and methodologies in fishpond revitalization

                        0       constraints associated with a protracted permit process

                        0       workable organizational and operational models for community-based restoration of
                                Hawaiian fishponds

                1.2     METHODS


                An original objective of this task was to execute a "statistically valid survey of a cross-section of the
                Moloka'i community to collect information on concerns, cultural sensitivities, questions, acceptable
                uses, needs, expectations, value judgements and opinions regarding long-term restoration of the
                island's publicly and privately-owned coastal Hawaiian fishponds". Further consideration, however,
                led to a revision of the community input aspect of the project. Although it is likely that a survey
                would have provided valuable information, it was felt that it could not stimulate group discussion and
                interaction. While there was consensus that fishponds should be restored, previous studies and efforts
                of the Governor's Task Force on Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration (the Task Force) indicated that
                there appeared to be disagreement as to how fishponds could or should be restored. As discussed
                in an 8 September 1992 meeting memorandumi of the Task Force's Cultural Committee, unresolved
                issues included:


                        0       The degree to which restoration efforts should deviate from original boundaries and
                                configuration of fishponds

                        0       The meaning of tradition in fishpond use and restoration, and the role of traditional
                                practices in a modern context

                        0       The appropriateness of using machinery

                                What should be covered in a general permit for fishpond restoration

                                The acceptability of fee fishing


                    'Memorandum from Carol Wyban to Collette Machado.

                00220001









                The original objective was thus refined to include interactive community input which would allow for
                discussion beyond the questionnaire survey format. The overall process for community input was as
                follows:


                1.      Questionnaire. A draft questionnaire was prepared which requested input on unresolved
                        issues and topics that would need to be addressed by the MBA International consultant team
                        (the Consultants). This draft was reviewed by members of the Cultural Committee on the
                        evening of 15 October; revisions were made, and the final questionnaire was prepared for
                        distribution. The Cultural Committee provided a mailing list which included Moloka'i
                        residents who had attended previous Task Force-sponsored workshops and meetings.           2

                        Ninety-five questionnaires were mailed by the Task Force on 23 October and approximatel
                        20 more were distributed upon request; questionnaires were to be returned by 30 Octoberl@
                        The distribution list for the questionnaire is presented as Exhibit A-1 in Appendix A and
                        results of the questionnaire are presented in Section 1.3.1. 1

                2.      Community Meeting. Originally, the Cultural Committee was to hold a workshop on 14
                        November to achieve consensus on key issues. The Consultants prepared and presented a
                        detailed agenda for the meeting to the Cultural Committee at a 15 October meeting.
                        Following initial evaluation of questionnaire results in early November, the Cultural
                        Committee then decided to hold a meeting rather than a workshop as initial questionnaire
                        results indicated community consensus on certain major issues.

                        The community meeting was held at 6 p.m. on 18 November at the Kalaiakamanu Hou
                        Church. The meeting generally followed an abbreviated format of that proposed for the
                        workshop; the agenda is presented as Exhibit A-2 in Appendix A.

                        Approximately 25 people attended the meeting; Exhibit A-3 in Appendix A contains the
                        sign-up sheet 4  Ms. Collette Machado (the Cultural Committee Chair) opened the meeting
                        with a status'report and a description of the fishpond study. The Consultants provided an
                        update of progress on the study, to-date, and presented the results of the questionnaire. The
                        Consultants then discussed preliminary recommendations in their areas of expertise.

                        The Consultants responded to questions from members of the audience throughout the
                        meeting; a summary of these discussions is provided in Section 1.3.2.


                     2As described, the survey by questionnaire was not intended to represent a random cross-section
                of individuals within the Moloka'i community. Rather, the Task Force compiled a mailing list which
                included those individuals who had participated in a variety of community-based functions relating
                to fishponds. This assured that the questionnaire recipients were relatively well-informed about and
                interested in fishpond issues, and may account for the high response rate achieved by this
                questionnaire distribution.
                     3All questionnaires received by the Consultants' community specialist, regardless of receipt date,
                were included in the analysis.
                     4Not all individuals who attended the meeting signed the attendance sheet.

                00220001                                            1-2











                1.3    RESULTS


                1.3.1 QUESTIONNAIRE

                At the onset of the study, the extent (or lack) of community consensus on fishpond issues could not
                be anticipated. Traditional versus contemporary use and restoration was the essential issue identified
                and it was expected that major disagreement would evolve from the question on how fishponds should
                be restored. These key issues were explored in the questionnaire and a choice of responses
                representing a wide range of opinions was provided.

                A total of 54 questionnaires (47 percent) were returned (an unusually high rate of return). The
                detailed results of the questionnaire are provided as Exhibit A-4 in Appendix A. The following 15
                key questions are provided in summary:

                I.     "Traditional" restoration and maintenance. An effort was made to assess community
                       sentiment about "traditional" fishpond restoration. The majority (57 percent) felt that
                       "fishponds should be restored and maintained traditionally only if this can be done
                       economically and in a reasonable amount of time." Twenty-four percent felt that "all of
                       MolokaTs fishponds should be restored and maintained traditionally".

                2.     Fishpond boundaries, design, and materials. One way of practicing tradition is in the
                       adherence to original fishpond dimensions and materials. When asked "How should a
                       fishpond be restored?", 61 percent felt that "the original boundaries and design should be
                       copied as much as possible; changes in boundaries, design, and materials can be made only
                       if conditions in the environment make it necessary". Another 18 percent felt that "it is okay
                       to change the boundaries, design, and materials of fishponds, as long as Moloka'i has 'more
                       working fishponds". Fourteen percent adhered to a more strictly traditional outlook and
                       believed that "fishponds should be restored to their original boundaries and original design,
                       with the same types of materials originally used".

                3.     Construction methods. Another way of practicing tradition is by constructing the fishpond
                       without using modern technological methods. Only 14 percent felt that "only manual labor
                       and non-motorized tools should be allowed in restoring fishponds". The majority of the
                       respondents approved of using modern construction methods, i.e., "it is okay to use modern
                       heavy equipment, tools, and techniques, providing appropriate regulations are followed" (45
                       percent), or "only certain construction vehicles and tools should be allowed in fishpond
                       restoration and a list of allowable construction techniques should be followed" (33 percent).

                4.     Allowable fishing methods and equipment. The majority of respondents (55 percent) felt
                       that "fishers should use whatever legal means they choose, such as fishing poles, nets, traps,
                       and baskets". Only 18 percent preferred that "fishers should only use early Hawaiian fishing
                       methods and equipment, such as makahas and fish traps".

                5.     Funding the restoration of private fishponds. When asked if private fishponds should be
                       restored using government funding, private monies, or community-based help, 49 percent of
                       the respondents felt that the restoration of private fishponds should be paid for by a
                       combination of these sources. Eighteen percent felt that "private businesses and private



                00220001                                         1-3









                       landowners should pay for the restoration of private fishponds", and 14 percent believed that
                       "government funding should cover all expenses related to restoring private fishponds".

                6.     Use of privately-owned and government-funded restored fishponds. Sixty-five percent of the
                       respondents felt that fishponds which are privately-owned and government-funded "should be
                       used to feed their 'ohana and for commercial purposes". Only 10 percent felt that "these
                       fishponds should be used for commercial purposes only", and 2 percent said that "these
                       fishponds should only be used to feed its 'ohana".

                7.     Management of State-owned fishponds. A slight majority of the respondents favored an
                       island-wide system for managing the State-owned fishponds on Moloka'i. Over half (51
                       percent) felt that "a community-based organization should produce a plan for managing all
                       of MolokaTs fishponds, and then select caretakers for each fishpond". Twenty-four percent
                       wanted to keep the current system, whereby the State contracts a different 'ohana on a
                       case-by-case basis. Eighteen percent indicated "Department of Land and Natural Resources
                       (DLNR) employees [should] manage the fishponds".

                8.     Use of the restored State-owned fishponds. Respondents were asked to identify users of the
                       restored State-owned fishponds. They were asked to choose two from the list of alternatives
                       provided. The follow  ing presents the order of responses by frequency:

                       0       Both residents and commercial enterprises should be able to lease the State-owned
                               fishponds (53 percent)

                       0       Any Moloka'i family should be able to lease a State-owned fishpond for subsistence
                               (31 percent)

                       0       All native Hawaiians who practice native gathering rights should be able to use the
                               State-owned fishponds (24 percent)

                       0       All Moloka'i residents should have free access to, and use of, the State-owned
                               fishponds (18 percent)

                       0       Only the fishpond's caretaker, 'ohana, or manager should be able to use the State-
                               owned fishponds (4 percent)

                9.     Use of profits generated by State-owned fishponds. Respondents were asked to think about
                       what should happen to profits generated by State-owned fishponds if they are used for
                       commercial purposes, including fee fishing. Forty-three percent felt that "a portion of the
                       profits should go to a community-based organization to be used for maintenance and other
                       uses". Twenty-nine percent preferred that the fishpond user retain the profit, and 18 percent
                       said that "a portion of the profits should go back to the State".

                10.    Acceptable uses for private flsbponds. Respondents were asked to identify acceptable uses
                       of private fishponds that did not include subsistence and commercial uses. Choices included
                       educational purposes, scientific studies, and tourist attractions. The majority of respondents
                       were open to multiple-use of the fishponds and two-thirds felt that all of these uses were
                       acceptable.

                00220001                                         1-4









                 11.      Acceptable uses for State-owned fishponds. Respondents to this question were more open
                          to the multiple-use of restored fishponds. Seventy-three percent said that State-owned
                          fishponds can be used for educational purposes, scientific studies, and tourist attractions.

                 12.      Fishpond restoration permit. Respondents were encouraged to provide multiple responses.
                          Over half the respondents chose the following considerations:

                          0       Dredging Activities (69 percent)
                          0       Construction Techniques (61 percent)
                                  Pond Wall Size, Dimensions, and Material (55 percent)
                                  Endangered Species (53 percent)
                                  Construction Machinery (51 percent)

                 13.      Lead agency/group for fishpond permits. Respondents were asked to identify the agency (or
                          agencies) that should be responsible for issuing fishpond restoration permits; multiple
                          responses were encouraged. The majority of respondents selected two groups -- 73 percent
                          selected a Moloka'i-based "Fishpond Commission"; 61 percent selected DLNR; and 29
                          percent selected the Moloka'i Planning Commission. Less than 10 percent selected the State
                          Office of Hawaiian Affairs, the U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers (ACOE), or the Maui County
                          Public Works Department.

                 14,      Enforcement of fishpond regulations. Respondents were then asked to select the entity that
                          should enforce fishpond regulations; multiple responses were possible. The majority of
                          respondents selected the same groups as in the preceding question. The Moloka'i-based
                          "Fishpond Commission" and DLNR received the most responses (67 and 61 percent,
                          respectively).

                 15.      Stocking the fishponds. When asked if fishponds should be stocked by "only catch from the
                          wild, by seed-stock hatchery only, or by a combination of both methods", 76 percent of the
                          respondents selected both methods.

                 1.3.2    COMMUNITY MEETING


                 At the   18 November community meeting, the following three topics were raised continuously and
                 underlined much of the discussion:


                 1.       Sovereignty. The topic of Native Hawaiian sovereignty and how fishpond restoration permits
                          and procedures would fit into this larger picture was broached. Some meeting participants
                          felt that fishponds should not be regulated by any system under the jurisdiction of the present
                          government structure. They felt that fishponds belonged to native Hawaiians and not to the
                          State or to any private owner other than native Hawaiians. They also questioned the
                          necessity of developing regulations for fishpond restoration, in light of the likelihood of
                          another governing system under sovereignty.

                          It was generally acknowledged that the sovereignty issue will be resolved in a much larger
                          arena (and over a longer period of time) than that associated with fishpond restoration issues.
                          Fishponds will be only one of many issues which can be related to establishing sovereignty
                          rights. It was stated that trying to address sovereignty considerations in this study would likely

                 00220001                                              1-5









                        cause a delay in the efforts and thus hamper the implementation of fishpond restoration
                        plans.

                2.      Distribution of the questionnaire. One participant repeatedly questioned the manner in
                        which the questionnaire was circulated. This participant believed that the questionnaire was
                        not given to native Hawaiians, therefore, the findings could not be considered valid. The
                        Cultural Committee asserted that there had been numerous -opportunities for community
                        participation in the fishpond restoration effort and that the questionnaire had been
                        distributed to the individuals who had participated in that effort. Questionnaires were also
                        mailed to individuals requesting same.

                3.      "Easy" and "hard" fishponds. Participants disagreed with the categorization of fishponds as
                        Ifeasy" or "hard" in reference to the permitting process. The Consultants suggested that the
                        permit process for fishpond restoration could be expedited if a general permit were used for
                        "easy" (those which would not have significant environmental impact) fishponds. Participants
                        felt that this description was inappropriate since, in reality, the restoration process for most
                        fishponds is difficult.   Further, some participants felt the contemporary measure of
                        environmental impacts may be inconsistent with native Hawaiian practices. For example, one
                        person considered that protecting an endangered species, at the expense of being able to
                        practice one's culture, as a form of "environmental racism".

                The Consultants facilitated the discussion of proposed recommendations which focused on the
                proposed Fishpond Commission because it was felt that the makeup, purpose, and responsibilities of
                the Commission were key to streamlining the fishpond restoration process. It was suggested that the
                Fishpond Commission consist mostly of residents of Moloka'i, particularly fishpond caretakers and
                private landowners with ponds. Representatives from the State Land Use Commission, the Board
                of Land and Natural Resources, the Moloka'i Burial Council, or the Moloka'i Planning Commission
                would also be included. To maintain control, it was suggested that the Commission be limited in
                number to 10 members. The responsibilities of this Commission would be to:

                        Develop a Master Plan for Management of Moloka'i Fishponds
                        Implement the Master Plan
                        Advocate national recognition and protection of ponds within the permitting process
                        Implement an aggressive educational program

                The Master Plan for Management of Moloka'i Fishponds would define "tradition" as it relates to
                fishpond restoration and uses; specify the process for managing State-owned ponds on Moloka'i;
                evaluate the use of heavy equipment and construction methc@ds; define and regulate uses including
                subsistence, conservation and commercial; and define and develop enforcement guidelines.

                The meeting ended with each participant sharing a "final message" (Exhibit A-5) on the fishpond
                restoration study and other topics of discussion. In contrast to the sometimes heated discussion which
                occurred earlier in the meeting, these messages were delivered in a positive and constructive manner.







                00220001                                           1-6











                1.4      DISCUSSION


                The community input process described in this report has helped the Consultants establish a point
                of departure and clarify the direction of final recommendations for future fishpond restoration
                planning.

                The following summarizes the analysis of input obtained from the community during the course of
                this task:


                1.       Among those who participated in the community input process, there is general consensus
                         on major issues regarding fishpond restoration, such as the use of modern construction
                         equipment and acceptable uses.

                         As noted earlier, conflict between Moloka'i residents was expected to occur in regard to how
                         fishponds would be restored and used. In fact, the survey results suggest that there is strong
                         consensus for incorporating contemporary methods in the traditional context, provided that
                         such measures are necessary. Even though a few people have expressed a desire to restore
                         the fishponds "in the old way," it is believed that having "functional fishponds" is the priority
                         for most people.

                2.       Although "tradition" is important, it is not the primary guideline for selecting methods for
                         restoring and using fishponds on Moloka'i.

                         The fishponds are part of the legacy left by ancient Hawaiians, and, without question,
                         tradition is an important consideration in the restoration process. For many, tradition is a
                         concept, and although respondents expressed respect for traditional practices, most were
                         inclined to be pragmatic about restoring fishponds. For example, respondents clearly did not
                         feel that it was necessary to use only manual labor. Construction equipment and modern
                         techniques were acceptable, provided that guidelines regulating restoration were implemented.
                         Further, the acceptable uses of fishponds extended beyond traditional subsistence and native
                         gathering rights.

                3.       The restoration process and regulation system needs to be Moloka'i-based.

                         Moloka'i residents need to maintain a strong and active role in fishpond decision-making; for
                         the restoration permit process to be effective, Moloka'i residents need to have a sense of
                         ownership of the process.

                4.       Commercial uses need to be defined.


                         Although there is agreement that fishponds can be used commercially, how certain
                         commercial-use parameters are interpreted by members of the Moloka'i community still
                         requires clarification. Tourism, for example, means many things to different people; it is
                         unlikely that Moloka'i residents will endorse full-scale use of the fishponds for tourism-related
                         purposes.   Residents and public agencies will need to define the types of acceptable
                         commercial uses and to determine how these uses will be regulated.




                00220001                                           1-7











                                                              SECTION 2
                                           AQUACULTURE REGULATIONS ANALYSIS


                The purpose of this task was to provide an up-to-date guide to the Federal, State, and County
                regulations which affect the establishment, operation, and maintenance of aquaculture facilities in the
                State of Hawaii.


                The outputs consist of two documents: a stand-alone quick-reference summary; and an in-depth
                description of applicable regulations. In addition to citations and excerpts from existing legal statutes,
                several general references (Brewer 1980; DHM 1989; Ziemann et al. 1990; MacKenzie [ed.] 1991;
                Clay 1981; Achitoff et al. 1992; Jenkins 1991) were relied upon in assembling the guide.

                As it was intended that this resource be made available to Hawaii's aquaculturists for practical use
                and application, it is provided as two separate, bound references entitled, "Penmits and Regulations
                for Aquaculture in Hawaii' and "Pen-nits and Regulatory Requirements for Aquaculture in Hawaii",
                which accompany this project report.






































                00220001                                           2-1



































                                        -SECTION 2


                            AQUACULTURE REGULATIONS ANALYSIS



































                                       SECTION 3

                     CONCEPTUAL PLANS FOR TWO DEMONSTRATION PONDS










                                                             SECTION 3
                                 CONCEPTUAL PLANS FOR TWO DEMONSTRATION PONDS



                This section is devoted to describing general aquaculture practices and how they may apply to
                fishponds on Moloka'i. Specific recommendations are made for production systems for the two"jump
                start" ponds, Honouliwai and Kahinapohaku. In addition, plans are set forth detailing methods and
                costs of restoration for the two demonstration ponds.

                3.1     TRADITIONAL FISHPOND CULTULRE IN HAWAII

                Ancient Hawaiian fishponds were part of a large, integrated, and complex Hawaiian subsistence and
                barter economy that included agriculture, aquaculture, and animal rearing (Costa-Pierce 1987). Large
                fishponds required sizeable labor forces in their construction. Labor was recruited from all sectors
                of each island. Redistribution of pond-cultured seafood to the inland families or 'ohana on the
                ahuptia'a land areas was a method of repaying them for their contribution of labor.

                The traditional method by which the Hawaiians managed their fishponds is not clearly known. The
                coastal ponds were used mainly as holding areas for a variety of edible marine fish and seaweed
                (mullet, milkfish, and ogo). The pond systems were controlled by local konohiki (headman of an
                ahuptia'a land division under the chief; Pukui and Elbert 1981) for the ruling 'ah'i (chief). Most of
                the fish was reserved for their consumption. Furthermore, a kapit system was enforced by the rulers
                whereby commoners were prohibited from taking fish from shore ponds.

                Natural productivity in Hawaiian ponds was enhanced through freshwater infl         uence either from
                stream or spring point sources. Minimal external inputs such as feed were given to the ponds.
                Branches or rocks acted as substrate for seaweed to grow on. Ancient Hawaiian ponds were
                examples of extensive aquaculture systems. In extensive aquaculture, levels of production are
                generally low, as was the case for the ancient Hawaiian ponds (below 178 pounds/acre/year [lb/acre/yr,
                or 200 kilograms/hectare/year [kg/ha/yr]). The ancient Hawaiians used large areas to raise fish. Some
                enclosed bays, such as Maunalua on Oahu (Hawaii Kai), were over 500 acres (202 ha) in area.' The
                ponds were used to raise mullet and milkfish, which were highly prized. Predators such as barracuda
                and jacks were allowed to coexist in the pond. A variety of young reef fish, including eels, could pass
                through the fixed grate, or makaha. Selective stocking was not generally practiced.

                Summers (1964) believes that coastal ponds (1oko kuapa) were unique to the Hawaiian Islands, and
                represented the first attempt at aquaculture in Polynesia. One of the first records of fishing from
                Hawaiian fishponds listed 77 working fishponds on Oahu (Cobb 1902). Moloka'i had the next highest
                number of working ponds (58), with the total for all islands recorded at 210. These ponds produced
                over half a million pounds of fish per year. Oahu's population in 1900 was about 58,500. Based on
                these numbers, the estimated annual per capita consumption of pond fish was about 9.5 pounds, most
                of which was mullet.


                The ancient Hawaiians constructed ponds by building stone walls on the reef flats to enclose large
                areas of shallow water. Most ponds had fixed grate structures (makaha) built into the walls which


                       The average size of the fishponds on Moloka'i is about 18 acres (7 ha).

                00220001                                          3-1








                allowed tidal water exchange to occur. Grates were made from lashing vertical branches of wood
                (usually '611ia) to larger wooden crossbeams set into the walls.           The vertical spaces were
                approximately 0.2 to 0.8 inches (in; 0.5 to 2.0 centimeters [cm]) wide (Costa-Pierce 1987). This rather
                primitive method of allowing water into the pond did not completely screen out predators.

                Fish were caught inside the ponds or canals leading to the grate with reed (hala) nets or by hand.
                These grates were later modified and developed into a system of movable screens which could be
                used to isolate the fish in an enclosed area.2

                Fishpond walls were built high enough to prevent water overflowing during high tides, but were often
                damaged by high waves during storms. Thus, the pond walls were in need of regular repair and
                maintenance. Water depth within the ponds reached a maximum of 2 to 3 feet (ft; 0.6 to 0.9 meters
                [m]). This allowed sunlight to penetrate to the bottom, causing a rich growth of aquatic plants and
                diatoms.


                Sections 3.2 through 3.4 deal with modern aquaculture technologies, and how these can relate to the
                revitalization of traditional Hawaiian fishponds.

                3.2    GENERAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS


                Ponds covering a large surface area are generally more stable environments in which to raise fish than
                are small ponds. Wind can oxygenate large ponds by causing waves which increase the surface area
                for oxygen transfer from the atmosphere. However, excessive turbidity caused by wave action can
                limit the growth of algae, and thus be detrimental to pond fish culture.

                Normally, sunlight penetrating to the pond bottom encourages filamentous algae to grow on rocks
                or pond banks. Dense algal mats provide a substrate for epiphytic diatoms, and habitat for minute
                crustacea and zooplankton. The entire plant-animal assemblage3 thus formed provides an excellent
                food for growing fish in pond culture.

                Modern fishpond culturists fertilize the water either with organic or inorganic fertilizers in order to
                increase primary productivity. While used in aquaculture operations in many countries, this practice
                may not be permitted in Hawaii, given current State and Federal environmental laws pertaining to
                effluent discharge (see Section 2). In a historical context, it was forbidden to use human or animal
                wastes to fertilize ancient Hawaiian ponds (Costa-Pierce 1987).

                As algal growth is generally beneficial for fishpond culture, growth of other types of vegetation may
                also be of benefit. Extensive-type fishfarms in Taiwan and the Philippines are located on low-lying
                swampland in sheltered areas such as river mouths fringed by protective mangroves. The added
                nutrients from decaying vegetation enriches productivity of the water and provides a natural food
                source for larval fish and fry. However, excessive growth of vegetation in a pond can be detrimental.


                   2 An excellent example of a modified grate system was built by Francis 1i Brown and is still in use
                at Kalahuipua'a Pond at the Mauna Lani resort on the South Kohala Coast of the Island of Hawaii.
                   3 The term "lab-lab", of Philippine origin, is used to describe this basic food source for pond
                culture.


                00220001                                          3-2









               Algal blooms may lead to oxygen depletion, and mangroves become a shelter area for predators such
               as crabs or nesting grounds for predatory birds. Mangrove overgrowth, in combination with silt
               deposition,4 can lead to rapid filling of a pond, and reduction of effective pond area.

               3.3     MODERN FISHPOND PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT


               In Asia, application of modern technologies has produced intensiv aquaculture systems. Harvest
               yields from tidal milkfish fishponds can be increased to over 2677 lb/acre/yr (3000 kgs/ha/yr) through
               fertilization or supplemental feeding (Rabanal and Shang 1979). The range of production is from
               223 to 2677 lb/acre/yr (250 to 3000 kg/ha/yr) from Taiwan, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The cost
               of fertilization is about 40 percent of the operating cost in an intensive monoculture farm. The cost
               of production is reduced from $1.08/kg in the extensive system to $0.41/kg in the intensive
               monoculture system. The rate of return on investment from intensive ponds is double that of
               extensive ponds. However, intensive ponds stocked at over 0.65 fish per square meter (sq in) require
               greater management control, such as increased daily water exchanges in order to maintain acceptable
               dissolved oxygen levels.

               Polyculture utilizing mullet or milkfish can also be a workable aquaculture system. Recent results   of
               studies of polyculture from India (Mathew et al. 1987; Pillai et al. 1980) have shown production
               ranges similar to those cited above.

               While intensive culture results in production of more biomass in the ponds, it also ends up producing
               greater amounts of waste material. Anoxic conditions can easily build up, causing rapid fish die-off,
               especially after heavy rains when stratification develops, or during periods of no wind. Pond
               operators using an intensive system need to have a higher level of pond management experience in
               order to cope with such potential problems, than do operators of extensive aquaculture systems.
               Semi-intensive aquaculture systems can combine some of the advantages of both extensive and
               intensive systems, and avoid some of these problems. Using a lower stocking density than that used
               for the intensive system, a semi-intensive pond would not achieve the same level of productivity    but
               it would also be less subject to disease problems and require less fertilization and feeding.

               Production data for fishpond culture in Hawaii is limited. Recently Wyban (1992) has reported semi-
               intensive levels of productivity at Lokoea Pond on Oahu.             Types raised included Tilal2i
               Oreochromis, and striped mullet, among others.

               One advantage operators of extensive system fishponds have in Taiwan, Indonesia, and the
               Philippines which is lacking in Hawaii is the availability of wild milkfish fry. However, even these
               countries cannot rely on fry being available year-round. When shortages occur, the law of supply and
               demand drives prices up. In the Philippines, average prices for fry in 1982 was approximately $11.60
               per 1,000 (Chong et al. 1982). Mortality rates can reach as high as 50 percent depending on the
               distance and conditions under which the fry are transported.





                   4 Silt deposition has completely covered over some old ponds on Moloka'i. At Pala'au fishpond,
               site of Orca Sea Farms west of Kaunakakai, the pond wall was found buried under 12 ft (4 in) of silt.

               00220001                                          3-3









                Feed inputs are a major.cost consideration for any fishpond operator. There is no doubt that any
                fishpond5operator will have to weight the economic benefits of using feeds against to the high costs
                involved. Unless feed conversion rates remain below 2 to 1 it will not prove economical to feed.

                Exhibit 3.1 presents in abbreviated form highlights of some data for modern-day aquaculture
                production (specifically, for mullet) from around the world.

                3.4    APPLICATION OF MODERN PRINCIPLES TO HAWAIIAN FISHPONDS


                The preceding discussion is based on existing aquaculture technologies, and establishes a general
                framework for developing matrices to analyze various production schemes which may be workable
                for restored fishponds on Moloka'i. This section presents the matrices, which provide more specific
                information on what types of production and operation formats may be feasible for ponds on
                Moloka'i. Additional attention is given to defining these methods for Kahinapohaku and Honouliwai,
                the two selected demonstration ponds. An outline of various parameters is provided in Exhibit 3.2.
                The matrix in Exhibit 3.3 compares extensive versus intensive culture systems as they apply in Hawaii.
                Exhibit 3.4 describes in further detail constraints and opportunities of extensive (traditional)
                aquaculture, while Exhibit 3.5 provides a description of constraints and opportunities of a semi-
                intensive (modern) system as it might be utilized on Moloka'i.

                3.5     SITE-SPECIFIC AQUACULTURE SYSTEM AND RESTORATION PROPOSALS


                3.5.1 SITE DESCRIPTIONS


                Honouliwai Fishtrap Pond Descriplion

                This pond, located on eastern Moloka'i (Exhibit 3.6), is approximately one-half acre in area (Exhibit
                3.7, aerial photograph). Its wall is about 360 linear feet (110 m) and about 40 percent of the original
                wall stones are -presently estimated to remain in place. The pond is noted to have been in a
                deteriorated condition for some time, however. Summers (1971) notes that Cobb wrote in 1902 that
                the pond's walls were broken. Causes of such damage could include storm-driven waves and tsunami
                (see the following discussion concerning Kahinapohaku regarding tsunami).

                Honouliwai had no inakaha in the opening of the wall. The fish apparently entered the pond at high
                tides when the walls were submerged. The most common fish caught in the area is weke.

                Kahinapohaky Pond Descriptio

                This pond, located on eastern Moloka'i (Exhibit 6), is about 4 acres (1.62 hectares [ha]) in area
                (Exhibit 3.8, aerial photograph). Its wall is about 1,100 linear feet (335 m) and about 20 percent of
                the original wall stones are estimated to remain in place.   This wall was a "double" stone wall, that


                    5 Presently, only Waldron's feedmill on Oahu produces commercial fish feed for trout with 37
                percent protein at a cost of 38 cents/lb. This is cheaper than the imported Purina trout chow (#6
                growout, 40 percent protein) selling for 57 cents/lb. The Purina product is of superior quality to the
                Waldron's product in many ways. Purina catfish feed (32 percent protein) sells in Hawaii for 42
                cents/lb and would be the better choice provided normal growth rates can be achieved.

                00220001                                          3-4




                                                                                                                                m m m



                                                                                                                          EXHIBIT 3.1
                                                                                                MULLET             PRODUCTION HIGHLIGHTS


                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ..... .... ..    .. .....-
                :.CE           L41ACIFIC
                                                                                                                . . .........                                                                 ... ....
                                   ... .. .. ...                                                                                      . .... .. .                                                 .... ........                       ..... .....
                                                                                                                                                                    . .......... .. ....... ....               ....... .......   . . ...........
                HAWAII                       Historical production yields from mullet ponds are not accurately known. Few commercial ponds are operated in Hawaii; 200
                                             kg/ha/yr production at the beginning of the century for traditional extensive ponds (Cobb [1901] as cited in Madden and Paulsen
                                             [1977]); maximum yield of 1700 kg/ha/yr at a Keaukaha pond in Hilo (Twigg-Smith pond); this pond was well-managed, with
                                             supplemental feeding; however, water temperature is cold (20 degrees Celsius) and mullet take 5 years to reach full adult size;
                                             Kahouna pond in Kaneohe Bay yields 680 kg/ha/yr

                INDO-PACIFIC
                HONG                         Semi-intensive ponds in Hong Kong: 2508 kg/ha/yr, with 300 days growout (Bardach et al 1972); reports of yields up to 3500
                                             kg/ha/yr
                PHILIPPINES                  Polyculture in large, extensive milkfish ponds with Tilapia; yields of all fish combined average 336 kg/ha/yr; mullet incidental,
                                             usually less than 10 percent of crop
                INDIA                        Four species of mullet cultured; polyculture with other species such as milkfish, sea bass (Lates sp.), and shrimp; substitute
                                             feeding with rice bran; yields of 150 to 1500 kg/ha/yr
                TAIWAN                       Produced 1,425,217 kg of mullet in 1965; polyculture with other fish (tilapia, carp, milkfish, or eels); 6,000 ha of coastal ponds
                                             dedicated      to fish polyculture; usually 50 percent of fish crop is Tilapia; yields up to 4,000 kg/ha/yr with multiple cropping
                                             schedule, 20 percent is mullet (750 kg/ha/yr); growth rates for mullet in Taiwan: 0.3 kg in Year 1; 1.2 kg in Year 2; 2.0 kg in Year
                                             3

                                                       . ..... .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                        .. .... .......   . .... ... ..... .. .......
                                                                                                                          ..... .. ....                   . .....                 ......                  . .......  .... . ...         . ...... ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                       .... ......-.. .... ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                   ....... .. ........ ...... ..................... ....... ... .. .... ..
                                                                                                                                                                       . . ..... .. ......                         .. .... . .. ....... ..... .....
               :NORTH@@AFRICA
                                                                                                                                                                                                      .. ...........                      ...... .. .-
                                                                                                                                                                               ... ........... .... .......     .......... ........ ............................ .... ....
                                                                                                                                                              .............I.. .....
                EGYPT                        Northern Delta Region, 50,000 hectares saline soils flooded: extensive pond culture; yields: 300 to 500 kg/ha/yr with no fertilizer
                                             or feed (Costa-Pierce 1987)

                EUROPE/M
                                   IDDLE.EAST
                                                                                                                                                                               ....... . .. . .

                ITALY                        Modified estuaries or bays called "Valli". Fish/eel polyculture; extensive individual                                             areas of 300 to 500 acres; yields: 90 to 200
                                             kg/ha/yr of fish; predominant species is mullet; growers rely heavily on eel harvest to become profitable (Bardach et al 1972)
                ISRAEL                       Stock smaller ponds (0.8 ha) with variety of fish; one example: 214 mullet total weight 10.7 kg, stocked per hectare; weight at
                                             harvest in 110 days approximately 500 kg, equivalent to 44 percent of total yield (1155 kg/ha/crop) (Bardach et al 1972)











                                                         EXHIBIT 3.2
                                     BASIC DIFFERENCES IN POND MANAGEMENT:
                                    TRADITIONAL HAWAIIAN (EXTENSIVE) CULTURE
                                                             AND
                                          MODERN (SEMI-INTENSIVE) CULTURE




                                               TRADITIONAL
                                               HAWAIIAN                      MODERN

                 0 Culture Type                Extensive                     Semi-Intensive

                 0 Pond Size                   Large                         Small

                 0 Species                     Polyculture                   Monoculture

                 0 Stocking Source             Wild                          Wild + Hatchery

                 0 Stocking Density            Low                           Medium

                 0 Acclimation                 No                            Yes


                 0 Nursery                     Seldom                        Yes

                 0 Transfers                   Seldom                        Yes

                 0 Water Quality               Random                        Controlled

                 * Water Exchange              Tidal                         Tidal + Pumps

                 0 Water Depth                 30 to 40 cm                   30 to 100 cm

                 0 Vegetation                  Moderate                      Minimal

                 0 Pond Bottom                 Rocks                         Sand or Mud


                 0 Predation                   Minimal Control               Controlled

                 0 Feeding                     No                            Yes

                 0 Fertilization               No                            Yes


                 0 Maint nance                 As needed                     Regular

                -0 Harvesting                  Incomplete                    Complete











                                                                EXHIBIT 3.3
                                  FISHPOND CULTURE SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES FOR HAWAII








                                                           EXTENSIVE, SYSTEM                SEMI-INTENSIVE SYSTEM



                   Culture Type:                        Polyculture with milkfish           Monoculture
                   Stocking Density (/ha):              500 to 1500                         2500 to 5000

                   Pond Size (ha):                     .0.5 to 10                           0.1 to 5

                   Water Management Method:             Tidal                               Tidal + Pump
                   Aeration:                            Natural Wave Action Only            Paddlewheel

                   Feed/Fertilizer Supplement:          None                                Yes

                   Food Conversion Rate:                Not Applicable                      1.7:1
                   Survival Rate:                       50 to 60 percent                    70 to 90 percent

                   Productivity (kg/ba/yr):             200 to 400                          700 to 2000

                   Culture Period (months):             24 to 36                            12 to 24

                     arket    ize (kg):                 0.5 to 1                            0.5 to I
                   Market Price:                        $3.50/kg                            $3.50/kg




                                        M MIMI W M M@W M M mow 1W M11W M

                                                                                    EXHIBIT 3.4
                                                       TRADITIONAL FISHPOND CULTURE (EXTENSIVE, SYSTEM)





                                         OPPORTUNITIES                                                                      CONSTRAINTS

           Ponds would produce popular local fish such as mullet, milkfish, moi, and           Numerous permits and regulations required from federal, state, and
           weke on a limited basis. In addition, shellfish (clams, oysters) various            county government agencies.
           seaweeds (ogo) and marine shrimp could also be cultured. Crabs could
           become an incidental product since they occur naturally in ponds.                   At present, no hatchery in Hawaii consistently produces fish fry in
                                                                                               quantities sufficient for commercial purposes.
           Restoring the fishponds would help to preserve the traditional Hawaiian
           fishing practices on Moloka'i.                                                      Depletion of wildstock of various species of juvenile fish could occur
                                                                                               following the collection of stocking material. There is a need to
           The ponds would produce fish in an environmentally-sound manner.                    quantify the existing supply of mullet fry wildstock on Moloka'i.

           Extensive fishpond culture utilizing the tides to exchange water would be           Extensive pond culture is only a marginal economical proposition; to
           energy-efficient.                                                                   repair the walls would require a higher financial commitment.

           The extra income derived from the sale of fish would provide a boost to             Tidal water exchange limits the depth of water in the pond; pond
           the Moloka'i economy.                                                               depth has a direct influence on water temperatures within the pond.

           Farming of seafood could be done by inexperienced residents with                    Pond walls can be damaged in storm events and may result in a loss of
           minimal operating capital. Training of pond staff could be accomplished             stock.
           given the extensive fishing knowledge already available within the
           Moloka'i community.                                                                 Heavy siltation can occur in ponds which are connected to streams.

           Fishpond walls would help to sustain the physical integrity of the                  Poaching can cause significant losses in revenues. A pond caretaker
           shoreline.                                                                          living at the site is one of the better solutions to this problem.

           Fishponds could be considered as potential tourist attractions.                     The task of restoring the pond walls by hand would be an arduous and
                                                                                               time-consuming process. It is best to use heavy equipment prudently
           Fishponds are a good educational tool for students and the general                  without damaging the environment.
           public. Scientific marine life displays and video presentations could be
           added attractions.                                                                  There are few surviving records, or living kuplina, to educate new
                                                                                               operators about the fishpond culture experience. A process of trial
         0 Assessing fees to fish the fishponds could generate additional revenues.            and error will occur initially.




                                                                                  = M M M M


                                                                                EXHIBIT 3.5
                                                    MODERN FISHPOND CULTURE (SEMI-INTENSIVE SYSTEM)


                                     OPPORTUNITIES                                                                  CONSTRAINTS
          Limited hatchery seed stock available for mullet and milkfish from the       Numerous permits and regulations required from federal, state, and
          Oceanic Institute on Oahu. Provided on a case by case basis.                 county government agencies.

          New jobs would be created for both skilled and unskilled labor during        Higher initial capital construction costs.
          pond reconstruction phase.
                                                                                       Greater potential for failure, i.e., human error (poor business
          Smaller ponds could be used as nurseries and managed by a single             management), natural disasters (red tides), or diseases.
          'ohana who could, in turn, sell fry to other fishpond caretakers.
                                                                                       A higher degree of management skills and expertise required.
          Water level in ponds can be controlled and would, as such, improve
          overall environment for fish growth.                                         More external inputs are required, such as, the importation of feeds,
                                                                                       fuel, fertilizers, and plastic piping.
          Higher survival rates are achieved in a controlled pond environment.
                                                                                       Additional security personnel needed to limit the potential for theft.
          Tredators can be prevented from entering the ponds through the
          installation of screens at the makaha grates.                                Commercial aquaculture is scrutinized by government agencies such as
                                                                                       the Board of Health. The question of whether or not pond effluent is
          Higher production yields are achieved from semi-intensive ponds and a        considered "point discharge" has not yet been resolved.
          greater income potential can be derived for the respective 'ohana.
                                                                                       Offshore reef areas may be negatively affected by silt from pond water
          Market a greater variety of fresh seafood products to local consumers.       discharge.

          Culture the higher valued fish, moi, in pens within the ponds.               At present, no marine fish fry is sold by a commercial hatchery in
                                                                                       Hawaii. If this supply is dependent upon capture from the wild, a
          Technology for culturing other mariculture species can be adapted to         possible depletion of wildstock may occur unless precautionary measures
          the pond system. For example, marine shrimp could be grown in pens           are taken in the future to enhance existing stock. Need to quantify
          and oysters on racks.                                                        available wildstock resources on Moloka'i.

          Overall, a faster return on initial ivestment can be achieved from a         Traditional fishpond practices will be replaced by new technology. It is
          scmi-intensivc pond.                                                         uncertain what effect this new technology will have on MolokaTs rural
                                                                                       lifestyle.

                                                                                       Difficulty of managing the ponds, e.g., if the number of unwanted fish
                                                                                       (such as tilapia) increases, they would compete with desirable species for
                                                                                       the dry feed.




  mmmmm mm No

            111o Point

                                                                  Kalaupapa


        Kaluakoi
        Rv5ort




                                       Airport+



                 maunaloa


                                                                                                                  Honoul'wai
                                                          Kaunakakai                                             ohinapohaku




                                                                                                 Ualapue




                                            North
                     0              5 mi                          Gommunity-ba5c@ Hawallmn F15pon@ I@c5toration
                                                                  and U-)c on Molokai
                 <@n   C%K
                  0"
                PACM        10                                    DEMONc-)T[@ATION FONI)c,):
                OCEAN                                             Honoullwal anJ Kahinapohaku
                                                                   Molok6fl)                         6IW6111
                                                                                                          Exhl6it 3-6



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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Photo Credit: Air Survey Hawaii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Apprommate scale 1 inch = 50 fee
















































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                                                                                                                                   Photo Credit: Air Survey Hawai
                                                                                                                                   Approximate scale 1 inch = 50








                is with an ocean-side and a land-side stone wall with a vertical layer of 'ili'ilt between. Summers
                (1971) writes: "Kahinapohaku, 'The gray stone,'was a loko kiiapa of four acres. (Cobb 1902:430).
                Its walls were broken in 1867 (Kanepuu 1867b) and now only the foundation stones remain". A loko
                kitapa is a pond constructed seaward of the shoreline on the reef flat with makaha (gates to open
                or close the pond waters to the ocean). It is possible that the destruction actually occurred in 1868
                (April 2) when the third most severe tsunami in recorded history struck the      Hawaiian Islands, causing
                46 deaths (Schmitt 1977). This same event would likely have damaged Honouliwai as well because
                the two ponds are only about 3,500 feet apart with similar exposure and orientation along the
                shoreline. In any event, it would probably have taken a tsunami of major force to damage both ponds
                to such an extent.


                A freshwater stream discharges under the highway into the ocean approximately 100 ft (30 m) from
                the north-east corner of the pond. The brown, cool water (23*C) contained organic debris. Cattle
                were observed grazing alongside this stream. The stream water is a potential source for coliform
                bacteria.


                Water quality measurements were taken as the stream water discharged through the sand into the
                ocean. The stream appeared to have a significant impact on the surrounding reef judging from the
                brown color of the water and the silt build-up over the coral. It appears that the stream could
                influence salinity readings in the pond on very rainy days when the discharge from the stream
                increases. On the day of the site visit, salinity readings remained constant from four readings taken
                within the pond. There was no other evidence of freshwater intrusion into the pond from springs.

                The average depth in the pond is 2 to 3 ft (0.6 to 0.9 in). The pond bottom is uneven with a layer
                of smooth rocks encrusted with Acanthol2hora sp. of seaweed. Turbidity was lower in this pond (60
                to 7.0 cm secchi disc) due to the influence of the stream.

                There was a noticeable absence of fish within the pond. One specimen of limit kohit (Asl2aragol2sis
                taxiformis) was found.

                3.5.2 AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS

                A site visit was made to both ponds on 13 November 1992, and general observations of pond
                conditions were made for the purpose of evaluating productivity potential, and how that potential
                might be realized. Water quality parameters are given in Exhibit 3.9. Pond product alternatives, and
                related market considerations, are discussed in Section 7.2, and include detailed information on:

                                 potential edible fishes and other seafood crops
                                 local seafood market conditions
                                 the potential for use of ponds as hatcheries
                                 the potential for tropical marine aquarium fish culture




                    6 'ili'ili is coral or basalt rubble or rock, about 2 in. (5 cm) in diameter, used in the central section
                of double walled ponds to reduce water exchange and to prevent migration of small fish, also possibly
                because of ease of handling and ready availability.

                00220001                                             3-5












                                                              EXHIBIT 3.9
                                                           WATER QUALITY,
                                                   TWO DEMONSTRATION PONDS






                   PONDS:                    HONOULIWAI                        KAHINAPOHAKU


                   DATE:                     13 November 1992                  13 November 1992

                   TIME:                     14:30                             15:30

                   LOCATION:                 Pond                              Freshwater      Stream        Pond
                                                                               Stream          Mouth

                   SALINITY, parts           35                                0               21            35
                   per thousand (ppt):

                   TEMPERATURE,              27.5                              23.6            25.0          27.4
                   Centigrade (*C):

                   DISSOLVED                 7.9                               4.9             6.8           6.8
                   OXYGEN, parts per
                   million (ppm):

                   pH:                       8.4                               --              --            8.4
                   TURBIDITY (Secchi,        clear                                                           60-70
                   centimeters [cm]):










                Honouliwai Culture Alternatives


                option I

                Use the pond for a fishtrap in the traditional sense. Catch fish either by throw net or gill nets.

                Option 2

                Raise seaweed on racks: ogo (Qja@ji@ sp.) for the edible seafood market, and Eucheuma sp.' for
                the processed carrageenan market.

                Existing constraints include:

                               small size
                               strong offshore current
                               potential for damage by wave action
                               no freshwater influence
                               difficulty of access from the main road for machinery
                               shallow pond makes it difficult to attempt cage culture

                Recommendation


                This pond would be best restored to its original purpose as a fishtrap. It is very small in size (0.6
                acres [0.2 ha]) and located on the eastern side of Honouliwai Bay where a strong current sweeps
                around the point. The size of the pond would not warrant the expense of building up the pond walls
                or installing a makaha grate. If managed extensively without outside inputs, the pond could only
                produce 250 lbs a year valued at $750 which is not an economical level to pay back the investment
                or operating labor costs.

                The main highway runs directly adjacent to the pond leaving no room to construct a
                processing/storage shed. Permission from private landowners would have to be granted in order to
                use their land.


                Kahinapohaku Culture Alternatives

                Option I

                        Repair walls and makaha by hand
                        Stock the pond with mullet and milkfish
                0       Manage extensively to produce 300 to 500 kg/ha/year (268 to 446 lb/acre/yr)
                        Use the 'ohana as a labor source
                        Sell the fish locally
                        Grassroots approach, with some financial assistance from the State


                    7Eucheuma is a non-indigenous seaweed introduced to Hawaii in the 1970s. As such, its culture
                in Moloka'i's fishponds is considered less desireable than the culture of other native species. See
                Section 7.2.1 for further discussion.


                00220001                                         3-6









                Option 2

                        Refurbish the pond to maintain good water depths at all times
                        Build makaha with screens and flash-boards
                0       Cull out predators prior to stocking
                0       Stock at semi-intensive levels with polyculture of both fish, shellfish, and seaweed
                        Hire a pond manager
                        Market products on Moloka'i and directly to retail outlets on other islands
                        Build a small hatchery on Moloka'i

                Option 3

                        Use the pond for cage culture of the more highly valued fish, the moi
                        Limit nutrient discharge levels with help of macroalgae
                0       Rear tropical marine reef fish for exporO

                Recommendation


                Based on observations at the site, it is suggested that the pond should be managed at extensive levels
                to produce 300 to 500 kg/ha/yr of mullet or milkfish provided fry sources are available.

                The existing pond wall is very wide at some points (over 24 ft [7 mJ) and it would be relatively easy
                to work on these rocks with an excavator (backhoe on treads) which is the equipment best suited for
                the job.

                3.5.3 PROPOSED RESTORATION PIANS


                Honouliwai Fishtra


                The proposed alignments of the restored walls would closely follow the footprint of the original
                foundations as they appear in the aerial photograph and based on field inspections. The original
                opening or openings in the walls are not certain although Summers quotes Mrs. Pukui as follows:
                "The pond was used as a trap rather than for storing fish. There was no makaha in the opening of
                the wall. When fish came around the eastern point of the bay they would go into the pond. A net
                was then let down over the opening, and the fish caught. The fish most often caught were the weke"
                (Pukui, personal communications 1961). The aerial photo shows two possible openings. These have
                been interpreted in the restoration drawing (Exhibit 3.10) as approximate and optional, depending
                upon the decisions of the restorers.

                The wall stones range from 2 to 8 ft (0.6 to 2.4 m) in diameter. There are fairly large numbers of
                6-foot (2 m) and 4-foot (1.2 m) diameter stone comprising the original wall, or laying about in the
                pond and along shore. In the restoration, the largest stone should be used as a foundation and on
                the ocean-side of the wall. Smaller stone could be used     on the land-side of the wall. This would aid
                in strengthening the wall against wave attacks. The wall was a single wall comprised of large stones.
                There is no evidence that it was a double wall with a center fill of 11i'di. The finished elevation of


                    8 A description of the potential market for marine tropical fish is provided in Section 7.2.1.

                00220001








                                                                                                                                                    Approximate
                                                                                                                                                    -.caie: r - (.o,
             Highway





                                                      Gliff


                                                                                                                  Po."'161C                                          North
                                                                                                                  Wall Openingi






                                                                                                                                   Approximate Wall
                                                                                                                                   DounJary, Ocean-,5ida



                                                                                                                                                      Wag remnant-, con5i-5t
                                                                                                                                                      of Doulder-, 2' to 6
                                                                                                                                                      in diameter -- U  to
                                                                     . . . . . .                                                                      16 ton,,. A6out 4PO%
                                                                                                                                                      of wall remain-5 in place.
                                                                                                                                                      Rock for re-itoration
                                                                          . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                     ij on-jite or ad* cent
                                                                                                                                                      to .5ite. MethoZa Of
                                                                                . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                     recon,5truction may
                                                                                                                                                      include hand la6or or
                                                                                                                                                      mechanized equipment
                                                                                           . . . . . . . . .             . . . . . .                  %6ject to re-4pproval
                                                                                                                                                      6y PL-NINDF 4 the
                                                                                                              . . . . . . . . . .                     community.
                                                                                                                                                      Original wall width
                                                                                                                                                      akout 12'. Height
                                                                                                                                                      a6out equal to or I'
                                                                                                                                                      a6ove kiek tija --
                                                                                                                                                      equivalent to -4' to
                                                                                                                                                      a6ove exi-,timg reef flat.





                                                                                                                  New

                 occan"ide Wag 51ope
                 1v:lh or le-,j. U"                                                                                                          Halama
                 lar er rock  on -,iJe
                 ani top.                       4' to 6'           ln,2ide Wag
                                                                    Nope lv:lh approx.


                                                                       Mean



                          \V

                                                  12'                                            c9ourre: Plan view, Hi,5toric Pretervation Divition, DL.NR,
                                                                                                 Map Taken from Aerial Photographi. Grot-i-tection
                Typical cro,5-5-5ection of propo5ed  re-,tored wall                              C.'Timated 6atej on 5ft in-yectjon-5. Drawing 6a,,ed on
                                                                                                 propo5ed archeological reconstructiom
                                                                           HONOLJI-IWAI Fl'@HFONE) I@ff-c--)TOKATION
         Flanning "oerviGec?                                               AQLJAGLJL-TLJKE DEVEL-OFIVIENT FK06FAVI
         I2Iq Kccaumoku `)t, c-)t,                            200          c-)TATE OF HAWAII
         Honolulu, Hawaii q6(514                                                                                                                              Exhi6it 3-10









                the wall is estimated to be approximately 2 ft (0.6 in) above high tide, or about 4 ft (1.2 m) above
                mean sea level. It is estimated that there are sufficient quantities of stone onsite to restore the wall,
                and there are additional suitable stones adjacent to the pond along the shore to the east. The
                original stones appear to be comprised of wave-washed rock or boulders. These have rounded edges
                and differ significantly from typical quarried stone which may have very sharp and distinct edges from
                blasting fracture lines. Restoration material should therefore consist as much as possible of wave-
                washed stone.


                The drawing shows an optional slope of the restored walls which is less steep than may have been
                the case for the original walls. The reason for this is to improve the pond wall's resistance to wave
                attack. The gradual slope can absorb wave energy and allows for overtopping with less potential
                destruction of the wall. This modification is suggested because this pond is in such a highly exposed
                wave climate that in order for the restoration to have a better chance of survival, some changes need
                to be considered in the cross-sectional wall profile. The drawings show the possible original wall
                slopes and the suggested modifications. It is likely that the original walls were built with a steep slope
                similar to that drawn by Apple and Kikuchi (1975). Such steep slopes would require less material
                than the milder slopes proposed in the drawings for restoration and such a savings in labor and
                materials would be attractive to hand-laborers. Also, it is not known if there was a prehistoric
                knowledge of the relationship between the slope of a seawall and its ability to withstand wave attack.
                It may be that the benefits of mild slopes were not known then.

                Details of net or closure construction are left to the restorers based on their experience and
                management interests.

                Kahinapohak,i Fishpon

                The proposed reconstruction (Exhibit 3.11) would follow the original alignment of the wall which is
                estimated to be approximately 20 to 21 ft (6.1 to 6.4 m) in width at its base. The number or location
                of openings or Inakaha are not known from the historical record, and cannot be positively identified
                in the air photograph, although the drawing notes some possible openings and a possible makaha
                based on the site inspections and the air photo. Actual location of these openings, and the number,
                as well as the details of the opening devices, are left to the restorers and their operational decisions.

                The size of original wall stone varies between 1 to 4 ft (0.3 to 1.2 m) in diameter. There is a large
                volume of stone within the pond itself and it appears that a shoreline revetment along the highway
                was constructed of stone which may have come from Kahinapohaku or other nearby ponds because
                of the uniformity of size, and the wave-washed, rounded condition evidencing that they are not quarry
                stone in origin. This road was improved during the 1930s and 40s and it may be that during that time
                the road was actually constructed somewhat seaward of an earlier shoreline which may have been in
                existence when Kahinapohaku was functional, probably in the mid-1800s. There appears to be a
                volume of approximately 3,227 cubic yards (cu yds; 2,467 cubic meters [cu m]) of 'ili'ili within the
                pond. This material and the stones scattered throughout the pond could be recovered by use of a








                00220001                                            3-8








                                   Thi-, land area
                                   contain-i                                                                                                                                       North
                                   archeological
                                   feature,> not to 6c                                                   Approximate
                                   di-,turl@ed                                                                Wag Doundary
                                   during pond                                                                     Ocean-,ide                                              Approximate     :,`al@@
                                   re5toration.








                                                                                                                                                  makaha
                                                                           Wall -5toric-, %attered                                                remnant.
                                                                           throughout Forid. Goral
                                                                           ru661a from center jection
                                                                           of wall i-, T 4 deeper
                                                                           in tome part-, of pond.                                                                            Wag remnant,, con-,i-,t of
                              Highway                                                                                                                                         boulder, r to 4' in diameter.
                                                                                                                                                                              U to 4 ton,5. A6out 20%
                                                                                                                                                                              oT wag remairm in FIACC-
                                                                                                                                                                              Genter 5ection of wag con,,i-,ted
                                                                                   Original pond wall                                                                         of coral ru661c.       Method-,
                                                                                   opening-2 uncertain.                                                                       of reron,5truction may include
                                                                                   Petail-5 and exact                                                                         hand la6or or meckanized
                                                                                   location,, left to                    Derivation of                                        equipment -,u6jcc,.t to re-
                                                                                   re jtorvi-5.                                           t' "'a                              approval @y QLNR/A F'
                                                                                                                         feature-, 5ceri    in air
                                                                                                                          hoto unknown. M.,                                   the commui ity. Original wag
                                                          A                                                                                       Y. @
                                                         -A                                                              r"Ter addition,>   to ongirial                       width a6out 14*. Ficight I' to 2'
                                                                                                                         Fond wak Do        not appear                        a6ove Ngh tide or a6out
                                                                                                                         to 6c part of      an onginal                        5' to (o a6ove exi,5ting reef flat.
                                                                                                                         mak aka.



























                                                                        Genter 5ection
                                                                        of wag to 6C
                                                                        compacted coral
                        Oce4n-,iAc wall             to 61               rw661c found on-,ite.
                        -ilope Wh or                                         In"ide wag
                       let-5
                                                                             51ope Iv:lk approx.

                                                                        Mean 5ca L-evel



                                         .... ............ ...
                                              1-4, to 16,                                                                                         5ource: AcTial Fhoto, Air '5urvey Hawan, 11167
                                                                                                                                                  4 field inyertion,5.
                                                                                                                                                  Drawing 6a-5ed on propo-,ed archeological
                          Typical croi-i-jertion of prOFojed reitored wall.                                                                       reconitructiom
           Eugene 1. Da-7hiell, AICIF'                                                     KAHINAFOHAKLJ FIc-)HFONC) KEc-@TOKATION
           Flanning '--)orv1CC15                                                           AQUAGUL-TI-RE DEVEL-OFIVIENT FF06FAM
           121cl Keeaumoku '@t, c-,te                                      200             c--)TATE OF HAWAII
           Honolulu)               Hawaii             C16(51,4                                                                                                                                  Exhilvit 3-6













                "
                fresno" scraper, 9 or use of small tracked equipment such as a front-end loader or a backhoe, or by
                hand.


                Sloped walls are proposed for this pond (see discussion above regarding Honouliwai) and it should
                be noted that the proposed slopes may be less severe than the original ones, although the original
                slopes cannot be positively determined.

                3.5.4 TRADITIONAL AND MODERN WORK TECHNIQUES

                Originally the ponds were built manually. This process would be arduous to replicate, particularly
                at Honouliwai with its large stone (see Exhibit 3.12 for a comparison of rock size and weight)-

                With this in mind, the following discussion of construction scheduling and cost estimates is based on
                the use of equipment to assist restorers in retrieving and placing heavy stone and large volumes of
                smaller rock or 'X'ifi. There appear to be no technical reasons to deny the use of equipment for
                material handling, at least in the case of the two proposed demonstration ponds. However, because
                of cultural sensitivities, the use of equipment has been a subject of concern to the community. To
                some extent such concerns appear to originate because of past experiences or observations where the
                use of heavy equipment has resulted in damage to, or destruction of, prehistoric sites. In the case
                of pond reconstruction, use of equipment may be permissible if community members arc participants
                in the approval and reconstruction process.

                3.5.5 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE


                Pond restorers have stated that they would work during the summer months, perhaps from April
                through September, during low tides. A review of tide charts shows that during daylight hours, there
                will be a period of three to four hours, under suitable weather conditions, when low tide conditions
                prevail. Additionally, for an average of about seven days each month there will be longer periods of
                low water, perhaps six to eight hours, where the work periods might continue uninterrupted. Low
                tide and mild sea conditions are needed, especially for the work at Honouliwai which is seriously
                exposed to wave action and also because of the generally large stone (2 to 6 ft [0.6 to 1.8 m] in
                diameter) which restorers must place. However, at Kahinapohaku, conditions may be less critical
                since the initial base layer of stone, approximately 2 to 3 ft (0.6 to 0.9 in) deep is still intact. This
                would offer protection from wave action, and some work may continue, even during high tide by
                working from the surface of the wall. In any event, it appears feasible to reconstruct both ponds
                during a period of summer months, and it would be especially desirable to complete Honouliwai
                during one continuous summer period so that the wall would be structurally intact for the winter
                storm season. Kahinapohaku may be less critical in this regard because it has somewhat greater
                protection from high wave action.





                    9A "fresno" scraper could be operated in semi-manual fashion by two persons. This is a low
                budget technique which would probably work to "scrape" up the rocks and 'ili'ili on the bottom of
                the pond. It would not be as fast as use of power equipment, but would be more efficient that hand
                methods.


                00220001                                           3-9












                                                                EXHIBIT 3.12
                                                        ROCK SIZE AND WEIGHT



                                                                                                     Weight (ton---]
                   Diameter (ft)              Volume (cu ft)             Weight (lb)                              S)

                                                                    0.5                         65

                                          2                         4.2                        524

                                          3                        14.1                       1763

                                          4                        33.5                          --                       2.1

                                          5                        65.5                                                   4.1

                                          6                       113.1                                                   7.1

                                          7                       179.6                                                  11.2
                                          81                     268.11                                                 16-8]











                3.5.6 ESTIMATED COST OF RESTORATION


                Cos, Eslimale  s


                Calculations and cost estimated for the two demonstration ponds are provided in Exhibits 3.13
                through 3.16. Cost estimates provided here have been prepared to reflect market rates to a certain
                extent. They allow for the use of non-professional workers in order to reflect the desire of 'ohana
                to perform the work in traditional fashion as opposed to strictly on the basis of monetary reward.
                If these jobs were to be bid out to licensed contractors on a turnkey basis, the cost estimates would
                need to be revised, probably upward in total cost, to reflect union-scale wage rates and other
                increased costs. The estimates assume that there is monetary value to the labor which would go into
                restoration and that such labor should receive cash payment. Should workers chose an alternative
                means of payment, or volunteer their labor, then costs would be less. But it would be impractical and
                a disservice to the community, especially taking into account the general levels of household income
                and employment on Moloka'i to assume that projects as extensive as restoration of these two ponds
                would cost nothing and would be done gratLy.

                Labor


                The labor cost estimates shown in Exhibits 3.14 and 3.16 reflect a monetary value of the restoration
                work. Such information is provided because it may be useful for budgeting or administrative
                purposes. However, it should be noted that the Task Force has letters of interest from two 'ohana
                who have stated that they wish to restore and operate the two demonstration ponds. The implication
                of these letters of interest, and from discussions and meeting minutes of the Task Force, is that a
                substantial amount of "volunteer" labor may be available to aid in the restoration and operation
                activities. If this ultimately is the situation, then the cost estimate amounts shown in the Exhibits may
                be reduced by appropriate amounts to reflect less cash labor costs.

                Material


                Much of the material for reconstruction of the two demonstration ponds is available onsite or along
                shorelines (State-owned property) adjacent to the ponds (Exhibit 3.13 and Exhibit 3.15). The bulk
                of this material consists of 1) wave washed stones (cobbles and large boulders, size varying from 1
                to 8 ft [0.3 to 2.4 in] in diameter) used in the walls, and 2) small material, 'i1i'di, used in the center
                section of the wall at Kahinapohaku. Because this material is onsite, and is largely a remnant of the
                original ponds, it is available at no cash cost, except for the labor involved in' moving it during
                reconstruction. At Honouliwai, estimates are that there is nearly enough rock available along the
                alignment of the pond walls, and within -the pond area for reconstruction. Additional material is
                available along the shoreline, adjacent to the north boundary of the pond wall, should it be required.

                Equipmen

                Exhibits 3.14 and 3.16 include a cost estimate for the use of heavy equipment. Although the ponds
                could be restored without the use of such equipment, its use, if financially feasible, would facilitate
                the work, probably reduce human injury during movement and placement of large boulders, and by
                allowing completion of reconstruction on a timely basis, possibly provide encouragement to the
                overall effort of restoring more of MolokaTs ponds.


                00220001                                           3-10





















                                   Exhibit 3-13: Calculations for Honouliwai Estimate


                                   Estimate of rock in Honouliwai Pond
                                                                  area of Honouliwai (acres)              0.5
                                                                    area of Honouliwai (sq ft)          21780
                                              rocks in Honouliwai (diameter, not piled up)                   4
                                                                             percent coverage             50%
                                                                      volume of rocks (cu yd)             151


                                   Estimate of rock in-place or adjacent to the original Honouliwai wall alignment
                                                                                 wall length (ft)         340
                                                                            wall width at base              12
                                                         average height of in-place rock (ft)                3
                                                             volume of in-place rock (cu yd)              453


                                   Estimate of available rock: sum of rock in plac        e and   n pond
                                                                 total volume of rock (cu yd)             605


                                   Estimated rock required for Honouliwai
                                                   total cross-section area (sq ft, see text)               45
                                                                     less in-place rock (sq ft)           (24)
                                            net cross-section of rock to be restored (sq ft)              21
                                                                              length of wall (ft)         340
                                                             volume of rock required (cu yd)              264



                                   Notes:
                                   (1) Estimates of available rock are conservative
                                   (2) Estimates of required rock are based on
                                   tentative reconstruction dimensions.












                                                                                                                                           1/12/93












          Exhibit 3-14
          Reconstruction Cost Estimate: Honouliwai Fishtrap

                                                                                    Cross-
                                                                                   section    Length        Quantity                     Labor                  Rate
                                                           Task               area (sq ft)         (ft)     (Cu Yd)   L$/Cu Yd)lHrs/Cu Yd)        Hours        ($/hr) Subtotal
          1. Wall: Reconstruction                                                        21       340
             Materials (rock)                                                                                    264
             Less existing rock onsite                                                                           605
             Net rock required offsite                                                                              0   $10.00                                                $0
             Labor                                                                                                                         0.8       212    $15.00      $3,173
          - Equipment Rentaltwith operator                                                                                                 0.2        53    $85.00      $4,496
          2. Gate                                                                                      Lump Sum                 LumD Sum                                $1,000
          Subtotal                                                                                                                                                      $8,669
          Contingency                                                                                                                                          20% _$ 734
          Total                                                                                                                                                        $10,403
          Assumptions:
          1. Work during low tides, summer months (Apr. thru Sep.), during daylight. Finish job within 6 months if start in April.
          2. Labor: 2 workers minimum assist equipment operator as riggers and spotters. Other labor as available for smaller stones.
          3. Equipment: Tracked backhoe, rental with operator, available on Molokai, willing owner. Crawler crane optional or alternative.
          4. Material: About 40% of the wall is in place.
          Reconstruction is required for the remaining 60%.
          Material on site, or adjacent to site is State-owned,
          so there may be no materials cost for rock.






                                                                                                                                                                    1/12/93












                                   Exhibit 3-15: Calculations for Kahinapohaku Estimate
                                                                                                I
                                   Estimate of rock and coral rubble in Kahinapohaku Pond
                                                             area of Kahinapohaku (acres)                   4
                                                               area of Kahinapohaku (sq ft)          174240
                                          rocks in Kahinapohaku (diameter, not piled up)                    I
                                                                            percent coverage             50%
                                                                     volume of rocks (cu yd)             4840
                                       coral rubble in Kahinapohaku (ft, depth of rubble)                   1
                                                                            percent coverage             50%
                                                             volume of coral rubble (cu yd)              3227


                                   Estimate of rock in-place or adjacent to the original Kahinapohaku wall alignm(
                                                                               wall length (ft)          1200
                                                                           wall width at base              14
                                                        average height of in-place rock (ft)                2
                                                            volume of in-place rock (cu yd)              1244

                                   Estimate of available rock: sum of rock in place and in pond
                                                                total volume of rock (cu yd)             6084

                                   Estimated rock required for Kahinap2haku
                                                  total cross-section area (sq ft, see text)              60
                                                           less coral rubble (sq ft, see text)           (12)
                                                         net rock cross-section area (sq ft)             48
                                                                    less in-place rock (sq ft)           (28)
                                           net cross-section of rock to be restored (sq ft)              20
                                                     length of wall including 1 makaha (ft)              1200
                                                            volume of rock required (cu yd)              889


                                   Estimated coral rubble required for Kahinapohaky
                                                             total cross-section area. (sq ft)            12
                                                                               wall length (ft)          1200
                                   Notes:          volume of coral rubble required (cu yd)l              533
                                   (1) Estimates of available rock and coral rubble are
                                   conservative.

                                   (2) Estimates of required rock and coral rubble are
                                   based on tentative reconstruction dimensions.






                                                                                                                                        1/12/93




             am M M M M M MIM M Mao IMM M MM                                                                                                                                    M








          Exhibit 3-16
          Reconstruction Cost Estimate: Kahinapohaku Fishpond


                                                                                     Cross-
                                                                                    section    Length       Quantity                    Labor                    Rate
                                                           Task                area (sq ft)        N        (Cu Yd)   ($/Cu Yd) (Hrs/Cu Yd)        Hours        ($/hr) Subtotal


          1. Wall: Reconstruction (see text for dimensions)                              20      1200
             Materials (rock)                                                                                     889
             Less existing rock onsite                                                                        (4,198)
             Net rock required offske                                                                         (3,309)   $10-00                                                 $0
             Materials (coral rubble)                                                                           533
             Less existing coral rubble                                                                        (3,227)  $18.00                                                 $0
             Labor                                                                                                                         0.6        533     $15.00     $8,000
             Equipment Rental/with operator                                                                                                0.1          89    $85.00     $7,556
          2. Gate (Assume 2 makaha)                                                                    Lump Sum                  Lump Sum                                $3,000

          Subtotal                                                                                                                                                       $18,556
          Contingency                                                                                                                                            20%     $3,711
          Total                                                                                                                                                          $22,267


          Assumptions:
          1. Work during low tides, summer months (Apr. thru Sep.), during daylight. Finish job within 6 months if start in April.
          2. Labor: 2 workers minimum assist equipment operator as riggers and spotters. Other labor as available for smaller stones.
          3. Equipment: Tracked backhoe, and small tracked loader, rental with operator, available on Molokai, willing owner.
          4. Material: About 20% of the wall is in place. Reconstruction is required for the remaining 80%. Material on site, or adjacent to site & State-owned.





                                                                                                                                                                      1/12/93








                The estimate assumes that the equipment owner would be willing to provide the equipment and an
                operator, and the maintenance of said equipment knowing the difficult conditions under which it
                would be used. Operation of.such equipment near and in salt water presents a high cost of
                maintenance and additional difficulties of repair and operation. Equipment and material access points
                have been identified for both ponds. For Honouliwai, a tracked backhoe might be used to move and
                place boulders. These machines are stable, relatively fast, and readily available. Because almost 40
                percent of the wall material is in place, or along the reconstruction alignment, and the remaining
                stone is within a one-half-acre (0.2-ha) area of the pond, the machine could very quickly move all the
                material near the wall, and then be used to lift and place the stones with the assistance of restorers
                who would rig any necessary slings, and guide stone placement. The base geology of Honouliwai is
                unsilted reef flat which generally provides sufficient foundation to support such equipment.

                At Kahinapohaku, the situation is somewhat different. This wall was a double stone wall with 'ili'ili
                fill in between. Perhaps 20 percent of the wall stone are along the wall's alignment and the rest are
                scattered throughout the pond. Some of the original stone may have been used to construct a
                revetment protecting the highway. No 'ili'ili is in place, and most of the original material appears to
                be scattered along the pond's bottom where there are layers up to 18 in. (0.5 m) in depth. Given
                these conditions, a tracked backhoe may be the best machine for the initial reconstruction work. It
                could be used initially to collect the larger stones and to place them. It then could assist in scraping
                up the 'di'di and placing it between the two stone walls. An optional piece of equipment might be
                a small tracked loader/dozer. This machine might be better suited because it could handle the smaller
                sized material at Kahinapohaku, could probably scrape up material from the pond bottom more
                quickly than could a backhoe, and it could also be used on top of the pond wall if desired. The
                choice of machinery might better be made by restorers as they work and observe the conditions. The
                pond bottom is unsilted reef flat which is generally a suitable support for equipment.




























                00220001                                          3-11



































                                      SECTION 4

                         ORGANIZATIONA,L AND OPERATIONAL MODELS











                                                             SECTION 4
                                      ORGANIZATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL MODELS



                4.1    INTRODUCTION


                This section describes organizational and operational alternatives, and suggests the most appropriate
                means of restoring and operating the demonstration ponds. The recommended model could be
                applied to the restoration process of other ponds as well. Both of the considered alternative models
                include community based restoration, support, and operation, but the recommended model goes much
                further towards achievement of community responsibility. It is intended that the models evolve
                during the review process, and that any final model reflect the insight and concerns of agencies and
                other reviewers.


                The ponds reflect ancient Hawaiian culture and an integration of the community with its
                environment. As such, they differ from modern aquaculture and its goal to achieve productivity rates
                which can yield a positive benefit to cost ratio as expressed in monetary terms. The fishponds, rather,
                stand for or symbolize a set of cultural values much broader than financial success alone. Recognition
                of this distinction seems crucial both in 1) understanding the community's dissatisfaction and
                impatience with the restoration efforts to date, and 2) considering different organizational and
                operational models for fishpond restoration and use.

                This section is intended for application to the two demonstration ponds and has been prepared
                specifically for their "jump start" program. This section will also apply to the longer-term goal of
                restoration of many more ponds, but it is likely that organizational and operational factors will
                continue to evolve along with the restoration and operation of increasing numbers of ponds.

                The two demonstration ponds were selected by the Task Force because of the probable ease of
                obtaining permits and the interest of 'ohana in assuming responsibility for the ponds, thus "fast-
                tracking" them through the system. If other goals had been selected, such as 1) restoring a pond with
                the potential for high aquacultural productivity, or 2) restoring a pond with great archaeological
                significance, other criteria might have been used to select the demonstration ponds. The intent of
                the Task Force is to provide, through successful restoration of two relatively straightforward projects,
                a model of success for future work.


                4.2     ALTERNATIVE MODELS


                Two alternative organizational models are discussed below; Exhibit 4.1 compares the advantages and
                disadvantages of each.

                4.2.1 DLNR/AQUACULTURE DE VELOPME NT PROGRAM

                This model basically resembles the existing condition in which the Aquaculture Development Program
                (ADP), DLNR, is responsible for the promotion of aquaculture on a Statewide basis. Restoration
                of ancient Hawaiian fishponds in this context is only one aspect of ADP's entire program. Under this
                model, community input is achieved through hearings, workshops, and basic agency administrative
                procedures and the overlying political process. Planning, administrative programming and budgeting
                are carried out through standard State agency procedures. Funding is from public sources.

                00220001                                          4-1











                                                                        EXHIBIT 4.1
                                            COMPARISON OF TWO ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS


                     Model                                    Advantages                              Disadvantages
                     DLNR/ADP (Existing                       Under this model the existing           ADP's work is focused on
                     Condition)                               public administration                   the development of a strong
                                                              (DLNR/ADP) includes the                 Statewide aquaculture
                                                              management of fishponds                 program. This mandate
                                                              under its official charter.             differs from the apparent
                                                              Funding is from public                  goals of the Moloka'i
                                                              sources. The community                  community to reconstruct
                                                              participates through the                fishponds because fishpond
                                                              political process in suggesting         reconstruction and
                                                              capital improvements and                aquaculture development are
                                                              agency programs. The                    not synonymous. Although
                                                              community also has input to             aquaculture can occur in
                                                              management through the                  fishponds, it may not be as
                                                              administrative review process           profitable or productive as
                                                              including public meetings and           aquaculture in more
                                                              environmental impact                    controlled environments
                                                              statement reviews.                      which are less linked to
                                                                                                      cultural and archaeological
                                                                                                      values.

                     Moloka'i Fishpond                        Under this model, the                   Establishment of such a
                     Commission (Proposed)                    community would become the              proposed Commission may
                                                              primary agent in restoration and        require more individual effort
                                                              operation of fishponds, although        from key members of the
                                                              government agencies would               community to participate and to
                                                              maintain some of their                  make the process successful.
                                                              responsibilities for historic           DLNR/A-DP's role would be
                                                              preservation and proper land use        somewhat reduced in that
                                                              management. The community               fishpond restoration would be
                                                              could direct primary resources          more clearly tied to cultural and
                                                              such as funding and community           historic preservation. However,
                                                              efforts at fishpond restoration         the role of these agencies as
                                                              and operation. This shifts the          developers of aquaculture could
                                                              focus somewhat away from                still be in place because their
                                                              aquaculture towards restoration         expertise could be accessed by
                                                              of fishponds in terms of culture        pond operators, depending on
                                                              and tradition. This may benefit         the individual situation at each
                                                              native Hawaiian culture, but it         pond.
                                                              may also have a long-term
                                                              economic benefit by enhancing
                                                              Moloka'i as a place for visitors
                                                              and residents to learn about the
                                                              original structures of fishponds,
                                                              and their uses.










                 4.2.2 MOLOKA'I FISHPOND COMMISSION

                 A second model proposes that a "Moloka'i Fishpond Commission" be established with the express
                 responsibility for restoring and overseeing operations of the fishponds on Moloka'i.1 During a
                 community meeting on fishponds on Moloka'i (18 November 1992), participants affirmed this concept,
                 and suggested that the Commission consist of members of government and the public. The
                 Commission would be responsible to plan, program, and budget for restoration and operations. If
                 possible, it would be partially funded by a portion of income from restored ponds. The Commission
                 would be responsible for obtaining major sources of funding, possibly from private foundations as well
                 as from public sources. The following paragraphs offer further discussion regarding the possible
                 range of duties and responsibilities which could be considered for Commission functions.

                 4.3    RECOMMENDED MODEL: MOLOKA'I FISHPOND COMMISSION


                 4.3.1 ADMINISTRATION


                 The proposed Moloka'i Fishpond Commission should be administratively linked to a State Agency
                 so that an official conduit for use and audit of public funds and implementation of legal requirements
                 exists. Such an arrangement provides a linkage to the Governor's office through the cabinet standing
                 of the linked agency. During budget preparation and legislative testimony, the agency may speak on
                 behalf of the Commission if desirable. It also lessens the potential staff burden on a newly formed
                 Commission which allows it to direct its limited start-up resources to the primary objectives of
                 restoring and administering fishpond use. The two agencies presently active in Moloka'i fishpond
                 planning -- Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (DBEDT) and DLNR --
                 are the candidates considered for linkage with the proposed Moloka'i Fishpond Commission.

                 4.3.2 DBEDT


                 One of DBEDT's primary objectives is to promote economic development, both small and large scale,
                 and especially tourism. DBEDT also has an Ocean Resources Branch with some technical expertise
                 related to fish marketing, a link to aquaculture. DBEDT recognizes the need to protect and restore
                 features of historic significance to native Hawaiian culture, but this tends to be conceived within their
                 mandate of fostering improvements on behalf of the growth of the visitor industry. It is appropriate,
                 therefore, that the mandate of DBEDT staff on Moloka'i is in line with two issues of keen interest
                 to the Moloka'i community -- economic development and fishpond reconstruction.

                 4.3.3 DLNR


                 DLNR has a general role in the State as a caretaker of natural resources which tend to be clustered
                 in the Conservation Land Use Districts. As such, the role of DLNR is much less assertive or growth
                 oriented than is that of DBEDT. DLNR- maintains a much larger staff on Moloka'i than does
                 DBEDT, and DLNR's ADP has been directly involved in the demonstration pond proposals.



                    'The Moloka'i Fishpond Commission concept is derived fr        om responses to a questionnaire
                 administered as part of this overall contract. The word "Commission" is used here to reflect the
                 use of that word in both the questionnaire and community meeting discussion.

                 00220001                                           4-2








                Exhibit 4.2 compares DBEDT and DLNR administrations related to fishpond restoration.

                4.3.4 RECOMMENDATION


                The Commission should be administratively linked to the office of the Director of the DLNR for the
                following reasons:

                0       Nearly all ponds are located within the State Conservation District, and fishpond-related uses
                        are subject to the permit process for Conservation District Use Applications (CDUA) decided
                        by the Board of Land and Natural Resources (BLNR).

                0       All ponds are culturally significant and subject to the jurisdiction of the Historic Preservation
                        Division of DLNR.


                        Within government agencies, the best aquaculture expertise resides within the ADP. If
                        fishpond restoration is to move forward under this recommended alternative, it is further
                        proposed that additional resources be developed and additional staff (2 persons) be hired
                        through ADP to support this program.

                The intent of placing the linkage with the office of the Director is to reinforce the concept that
                aquaculture, historic preservation, and natural resource management subsume the functions of
                fishpond planning, restoration, and operation. Exhibit 4.3 shows a typical organizational model of
                the proposed Commission.

                4.3.5 MANDATE, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND LEGAL STRUCTURE

                The mandate of the proposed Moloka'i Fishpond Commission would be to plan and implement
                restoration of fishponds, and to aid in operation of the restored ponds. This mandate would be
                limited and restricted to the above purposes only, and would not include any land use decision-making
                authority or zoning power -- these activities would continue to be administered by existing agencies.
                However, the proposed Commission would be a part of the review process for any proposed fishpond
                restoration. This condition would apply because it could be administratively required by BLNR
                during the CDUA permit process since most fishponds are in the Conservation District. In the event
                a proposed pond fell outside the Conservation District, the County planning and zoning authority
                would apply and would be activated because of the historic nature of ponds. The proposed
                Commission would have no authority over private ponds, except as a reviewing body of proposed
                restoration plans. However, the Commission could restore and manage private ponds on behalf of
                the owners, for a fee, if such agreements could be made.

                The responsibilities of the Commission would be to aid in establishing a broad plan for fishpond
                restoration and operation. At the 18 November community meeting, participants felt that the State's
                goal should be to restore all ponds. In other words, ponds should not be used for other purposes
                because eventually they would be restored. The restoration plan would prioritize resources and
                develop a schedule of restoration. The proposed Commission would seek funding from public,
                private, and foundation sources.        The latter two sources could potentially offer significant
                opportunities for restoration funding because of the cultural, historical, environmental, and artistic
                values of the ponds. The Commission would be responsible for reviewing fishpond restoration and
                use applications. The Commission would be entitled to receive a percentage of income from restored

                00220001                                           4-3












                                                               EXHIBIT 4.2
                                   COMPARISON OF DBEDT AND DLNR ADMINISTRATIONS
                                             RELATED TO FISHPOND RE STORATION




                  Model                                Advantages                          Disadvantages
                  DBEDT                                DBEDT's role within the             DBEDT's economic growth
                                                       State is assertive and action-      focus is not necessarily the
                                                       oriented. This sort of              appropriate basis for fishpond
                                                       corporate culture could aid         restoration or use because of
                                                       efforts to initiate restoration     the traditional and cultural
                                                       of fishponds. As an example,        values associated with the
                                                       their small office on Moloka'i      ponds. Although DBEDT
                                                       has been directly involved in       has strong technical skills in
                                                       the demonstration pond              economics and financing, and
                                                       proposals.                          to some extent in the ocean
                                                                                           sciences, few of these skills
                                                                                           are directly related to the
                                                                                           capabilities needed for
                                                                                           fishpond restoration and
                                                                                           operation
                  DLNR                                 DLNR's divisions have               DLNR's mandate to protect
                                                       mandates for preservation of        historic resources could
                                                       historic values, and protection     conceivably be at odds with
                                                       of natural resources including      efforts to restore and operate
                                                       land, water, wetlands, and          fishponds, unless such efforts
                                                       coastal areas -- all of which       are properly guided. The
                                                       tend to be in Conservation          Moloka'i staff tend to
                                                       Districts administered by           represent the interests of
                                                       DLNR. DLNR staffs the               their respective divisions, of
                                                       BLNR, which has decision-           which there is none with a
                                                       making authority in the             direct interest in fishponds.
                                                       Conservation Districts. The
                                                       ADP has expertise in pond
                                                       management at a
                                                       sophisticated level. The
                                                       present leadership of DLNR
                                                       has assumed an active role in
                                                       fishpond restoration.











                                                                                                                                                   Exhibit 4-3
                                                                                                     Organization Chart, Proposed Commission


                                    Department of                                      Administrative link            l1kh-                                                                                           Public Input                        General Public, Concerned
                                   Land & Natural                                                                     PP1              Moloka'i Fish Pond                                                                                                  Groups, Legislative Bodies,
                                                                                                                                                Commission                                                                                                Government Agencies, and
                                          Resources                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Elected Officials





                                                                                              STAFF                                                                                                               MEMBERSHIP
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Moloka'i Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Commission
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ...........................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Fishermen
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ...........................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Pond Manaaers
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ............................ . ............................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Hui.O.K@@qpq             .............................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ........ .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Moloka'! Burial Council
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ...........................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Maul County Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Commission
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ..........................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Historic Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Division
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ...........................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Governor's Office of
                                                                                                                                                                                                       State Piannina
                                                                                                                                                                                                       .............................. . .........................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Dept. of Land & Natural
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Resources, Director
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ..........................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Dept. of Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Economic Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                       & Tourism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ... ........ ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d  Ow









                ponds and to charge fees for its planning, restoration, and operational services. Such fees would go
                towards offsetting restoration work and staff and operational costs. While it is unlikely that income
                from ponds would ever fully finance a complete program of restoration and operation, it is important
                that as a community based activity, methods of accounting and financial management be applied so
                that a rational program of restoration can proceed.

                The proposed Commission, or unit thereof, should be constituted as a non-profit organization so that
                it could operate to some extent under self-supervision with the Commission members acting as a
                Board of Directors. This would enable the organization to enter into services or construction
                contracts for management, consultations, and minor construction. Non-profit status would enhance
                eligibility of the organization to obtain grants from private sources or foundations.

                4.3.6 MEMBERSHIP


                Exhibit 4.4 shows the total list of proposed members for a Moloka'i Fishpond Commission. During
                the 18 November community meeting, participants suggested a Commission comprised of nine
                members (Commission members suggested at the community meeting are marked by an asterisk in
                Exhibit 4.4). In one instance, the workshop participants suggested both an archaeologist and the
                Historic Preservation Division; those two have been combined into one position because they appear
                to duplicate functions. The Director of DLNR has been added as a proposed member of the
                Commission to connote the significant level of this Commission and in keeping with the suggested
                administrative linkage to the DLNR. A tenth member, DBEDT, is suggested in keeping with the
                view that fishpond restoration would be beneficial to Moloka'i in the long-term by adding to the
                resource base, thus leading to a stronger and more diversified economy. An eleventh member, a
                representative of private owners of ponds, should also be considered. With this configuration, it
                would appear that the major interests and regulatory bodies are represented, and the odd number
                of members aids in preventing tie votes.

                4.3.7 STAFFING

                If there is to be an active fishpond restoration program, there seems to be a need for staff tasked
                with this responsibility. At present, the responsibilities of public agency staff include preservation of
                ponds in their current condition, as well as the promotion of aquaculture. However, from a practical
                standpoint, obtaining additional staff resources, if to be paid for by public funds, presents certain
                budgetary obstacles. It is likely that one person could carry out the necessary actions initially if a
                Moloka'i Fishpond Commission were established. These duties should be focused on 1) searching
                for restoration funds, especially from non-public sources, 2) supporting the restoration and
                management of the two proposed demonstration ponds, 3) assisting in the planning and application
                for permits for additional ponds to be restored, and lastly, 4) acting as support to the Commission.
                Item 4 could easily become a full-time effort, and Commission members must act to prevent this by
                minimizing their expectations for paperwork support. It is likely that the public agencies on the list
                could provide some basic staffing, especially for administrative support.            Staffing could be
                accomplished initially by services contracts as has been done to staff the Task Force. This would
                 void the objection which would likely be raised that new positions should not be authorized because
                they represent long-term funding obligations.
                a







                00220001                                           4-4














                                                    EXHIBIT 4.4
                                     PROPOSED COMMISSION MEMBERSHIP









                Number                                     Members

                            *Moloka'i Planning Commission
               1            *Fishermen
                            *Pond Managers
                            *Hui 0 Kuapa (an existing fishpond cooperative)
                            *Moloka'i Burial Council
                            *Maui County Planning Commission
                            *Historic Preservation Division, DLNR.
               1            Department of Land and Natural Resources, Director
                            Governor's Office of State Planning
                            Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism
               1            Private Fishpond Owners
               (Total 11)
                     Denotes representation suggested at the 18 November 1992 Community Meeting on
                     Moloka'i.










                4.3.8 FINANCING AND ECONOMICS

                A program of pond reconstruction and management has a broad range of benefits including potential
                long-term economic benefits. These benefits would accrue from: 1) an enhanced visitor environment
                in which Hawaii as a destination area is marketing its history and natural beauty of which fishponds
                are an integral part; and 2) strengthened community economic development which will occur as cash
                begins to flow in the small Moloka'i community from reconstruction work, and from the sale or
                exchange of pond products. These longer term benefits probably justify the efforts and costs to
                restore the ponds even though it may be unlikely that most ponds can be restored and operated in
                such as way as to cover all the costs of planning, reconstruction, and management strictly through
                revenues or income from the sale of pond-produced products. If these two longer term and broader
                economic objectives are taken into consideration, restoration of ponds on a Statewide basis becomes
                more attractive financially, especially if some of the capital and operating funds can come from
                foundation or private sources.

                4.3.9 LAND USE AND PRESERVATION


                The ponds are one of  the most visual reminders of ancient Hawaiian culture and when restored they
                can also serve as operational examples of a community's relationship to the land and the sea. On a
                long-term basis fishponds are of enormous value to the State of Hawaii and their long-term value is
                likely far greater than has previously been estimated (i.e., when ponds were filled in or developed for
                non-traditional uses). Because of these values, all ponds (public or private) should be preserved and
                eventually restored. In some ways, the public/private distinction is somewhat artificial because the
                traditional use of ponds did not include a conceptual basis of private property, and the pond builders,
                operators, and beneficiaries transcended the physical boundaries associated with present land
                ownership. In this sense, the current regulatory climate which is intended to provide a legal basis for
                historic preservation, as well as for other modern community values (e.g., public access, rare and
                threatened species, etc.) does not serve the specific goal of pond preservation well. Because of this
                regulatory context, the following changes should be considered: 1) obtaining a broad general permit
                (from the ACOE) for a large number of ponds to initiate restoration; and 2) sponsoring legislation
                or administrative rule changes at the national level to designate Hawaiian fishponds as exempt from
                ACOE regulation, as are cranberry bogs and other unusual uses now so excluded.

                4.4     HONOULIWAI FISHTRAP


                4.4.1 ORGANIZATION


                As envisioned by the Task Force, Honouliwai would be restored and operated by an 'Ohana of
                persons residing adjacent to the pond and within or nearby its ohupua'd. This organizational model
                is based on an understanding of the traditional social and cultural influences which shaped the
                operation of fishponds in ancient times, and evol 'ved through Task Force interaction with community
                members. This traditional model should be successful because it relies on investment by the fishpond
                community in its restoration and operation. The investment may not be in cash, but rather in kind
                (labor). The 'ohana would operate the pond for their own subsistence. If the pond produces a



                    2Land division extending inland from the sea.

                00220001                                          4-5








                surplus, it could be bartered or sold to obtain cash for supplies, equipment, or services, such as those
                proposed to be offered by the Moloka'i Fishpond Commission.

                4.4.2 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

                Honouliwai, because of its original design as a fishtrap, should probably be operated as such. One
                technique described by nearby residents is to entice reef fish such as weke into the trap by regular
                feedings. Then when fish are accustomed to entering the trap, the opening might be closed, and
                some of the fish caught. This is probably typical of the way the fishtrap was operated in ancient
                times. It is very unlikely that Honouliwai was operated as a nursery pond because the walls
                constructed of large stone would have voids through which small fish could escape, or predators might
                enter.. Requirements for routine maintenance for Honouliwai are probably minimal because it does
                not silt up and mangroves have not established themselves. However, there will be unscheduled
                maintenance required (perhaps annually, or less frequently) as a result of potential damage to the
                wall from storm wave or tsunami events. As evidenced by its deteriorated condition, the wall, being
                positioned near the reef's edge is subject to damage through high wave action. The discussion on
                restoration has suggested some construction methods (use of largest possible armor stone on ocean
                side of wall, and increased slope of walls on both sides) to reduce damage caused by storm wave, and
                to some extent, tsunami events.


                4.4.3 LEGAL FORM


                The Task Force has suggested that the pond be operated under a revocable permit. This means the
                'ohana could obtain such a permit directly from DLNR. This is an appropriate method of obtaining
                the use rights to the pond, at minimal cost to the government or to the 'ohana.

                4.5     KAHINAPOHAKU FISHPON


                4.5.1 ORGANIZATION


                As envisioned by the Task Force, Kahinapohaku would be restored and operated by an 'Ohana of
                Persons residing adjacent to the pond and within or nearby its ahupita'a. This organizational model
                is based on an understanding of the traditional social and cultural influences which shaped the
                operation of fishponds in ancient times, and evolved through Task Force interaction with community
                members. This traditional model should be successful because it relies on investment by the fishpond
                community in its restoration and operation. The investment may not be in cash, but rather in kind
                (labor). The 'ohana would operate the pond for their own subsistence. If the pond produces a
                surplus, it could be bartered or sold to obtain cash for supplies, equipment, or services, such as those
                proposed to be offered by the Moloka'i Fishpond Commission.

                4.5.2 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE


                Kahinapohaku offers possibly three distinct alternatives for operation: 1) production of stocked mullet
                and milkfish; 2) production of stocked fish, shellfish, and seaweed; and 3) production of stocked moi.
                Requirements for routine maintenance for Kahinapohaku are likely to be minimal because the pond
                does not silt-up and mangroves do not establish themselves. However, there will be unscheduled
                maintenance required (perhaps annually, or less frequently) as a result of potential damage to the
                wall from storm wave or tsunami events. As evidenced by its deteriorated condition, the wall, being

                00220001                                          4-6









               positioned near the reef's edge, is subject to damage through high wave action. The discussion on
               restoration has suggested some construction methods (use of largest possible armor stone on oceari
               side of wall, and increased slope of walls on both sides) to reduce damage caused by storm wave, and
               to some extent, tsunami events.


               4.5.3 LEGAL FORM

               The Task F  orce has suitzgested that the pond be operated under a revocable permit. By this means
               the 'ohana could obtain such a permit directly from DLNR. This is an appropriate method of
               obtaining the use rights to the pond, at minimal cost to the government or to the 'ohana.













































               00220001                                         4-7


































                                      SECTION 5


                             ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS











                                                              SECTION 5
                                                ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS



                This project has as its primary objective the facilitation of permit acquisition for fishpond restoration
                on Moloka'i. As part of this objective, environmental assessments (EAs) for each of the two
                demonstration ponds, Honouliwai and Kahinapohaku, were prepared in support of the applications
                for Section 404 permits from the ACOE. In order to complete the EAs, baseline marine
                environmental surveys and archaeological surveys of both ponds were conducted.

                The two EAs describe the proposed restorations; the existing physical, biological, and archaeological
                conditions on both project sites; and the anticipated impacts of the proposed actions. Both EAs
                establish that the restorations at Honouliwai and Kahinapohaku, as proposed, will not adversely
                impact the physical environment; that they will not endanger wetlands, sensitive species, or other
                biological elements at either site; and that restoration will in fact enhance the cultural values of
                archaeological resources at both sites. The EAs go on to point out support for the proposed actions
                on the part of the Task Force, its cultural committee, and other interested parties within the Moloka'i
                community, as well as general consistency with other accepted Hawaii State land use and management
                plans.

                Since these EAs serve a specific function beyond inclusion in the project report, they are being
                submitted as separate accompanying documents. The baseline marine environmental surveys and
                archaeological surveys, in turn, are incorporated as appendices in the EA documents.































                00220001                                           5-1





































                                        SECTION 6

          PERMIT SIMPLICICATION RECOMMENDATIONS AND MASTER PERMIT APPLICATIONS











                                                              SECTION 6
                PERMIT SIMPLIFICATION RECOMMENDATIONS AND MASTER PERMIT APPLICATIONS



                6.1     DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SIMPLIFYING RESTORATION OF MOLOKAJ
                        FISHPONDS


                6.1.1 PROPOSED CONSERVATION DISTRICT MASTER PERMIT

                A total of 69 candidate fishponds on Moloka'i have been examined and classified according to their
                suitability for low-key, community-based, traditional fishpond restoration.' 2 Thirty-eight ponds have
                been identified for inclusion in a master Conservation District Use permit. Twenty-nine ponds will
                require further study. For these ponds, individual permit applications from both the State of Hawaii
                and the ACOE will likely be required. Further discussion of criteria for selection of. the ponds to be
                included under the master and general permits is- provided in Section 7 of this report, and the draft
                Conservation District Use Application (CDUA) and draft EA submitted separately.

                Only 16 of the 38 selected ponds are owned by the State. One pond is owned by Hawaiian Home
                Lands and the other 21 ponds are privately owned. Owners of these ponds should be contacted to
                see if they are interested in restoring their ponds (if so, they would be included in the master
                CDUA). If the owners are not interested in restoration, the ponds should then be deleted from the
                draft master permit application.

                DLNR's ADP appears to be the logical applicant for the master CDUA. Regulatory agencies and
                Moloka'i community groups should be encouraged to review both the draft master CDUA and the
                draft EA  '3An important part of this review will be to gain consensus on the selection of the ponds
                suitable for the "jump start" approach as opposed to those which fall into the "further study" category.
                Additional ponds could be included with, or more likely, deleted from the application as a result of
                the review process. Another important part of the review process is to encourage the regulatory and
                reviewing agenciesl to "sign off' on the process so as to avoid future delays.




                     'Section 7.6.4 provides a full discussion and consideration of the evaluation process and its
                limitations. Since the data employed in the analysis are not complete, the results presented here
                should be considered preliminary.
                     2The 38 ponds were selected on the basis of a cumulative "COE" rating (see Exhibit 7.5) of 2.0
                or greater. The two demonstration ponds, although failing within this range, are not included in the
                master CDUA, since the permit process for these is already underway.
                     3The action that would trigger the preparation of an EA is ADP's application for a general
                Conservation District Use permit.
                     4Especially the Department of Health (DOH) Clean Water Branch, responsible for issuing water
                quality certification and Maui County Planning Commission, for issuing Special Management Area
                (SMA) permits.

                00220001                                           6-1









                A formal public hearing should be held on the application to allow fish grown in the restored ponds
                to be sold for profit (a public hearing is required for any "commercial" use in the Conservation
                District).

                6.1.2 PROPOSED ACOE GENERAL PERMIT

                The 38 ponds eligible for the master Conservation District Use permit will also be eligible for an
                ACOE general permit. The EA (and possibly a State Environmental Impact Statement [EIS])
                prepared for the CDUA can also be used to support the application for the ACOE general permit.

                The DLNR will be the applicant for the ACOE general permit. The ACOE will consider the State
                EA or EIS in preparing their EA and will make the determination requiring the preparation of a full
                Federal EIS. Should a Federal EIS be required, the ACOE will prepare this document.

                6.1.3 RESTORATION PROCESS


                Once the master and general permits are issued by the DLNR and the ACOE, the only remaining
                requirement would be a letter of intent and restoration plan that describe the proposed activity and
                restoration methods to be used. The plan should be approved by the State Historic Preservation
                Division (SHPD). As long as the proposed action does not vary from the permits and the plan of
                action is approved by the SHPD, concurrence from the Office of Conservation and Environmental
                Affairs (OCEA) and ACOE would complete the approval process. The letters of intent could be
                processed through the proposed Moloka'i Fishpond Commission (Section 4.2.2) and then forwarded
                to the ADP for transmittal to the SHPD, OCEA, and ACOE. This would provide interested parties
                with an opportunity to review the proposed work to ensure that it is in compliance with the master
                permit.

                The master and general permits for fishpond restoration on Moloka'i could be used as a model for
                other islands, or could be amended to add other fishponds on other islands which met similar
                selection criteria.


                6.1.4 OTHER MOLOKA11 FISHPONDS

                Ponds not included in the general permit would be handled in the existing manner. For State-owned
                ponds, the ADP would apply for the CDUA and ACOE permits and individuals would apply for
                permits for privately owned ponds.

                The proposed Moloka'i Fishpond Commission (Section 4) could also advise the ADP on appropriate
                permit conditions for the ponds that require separate permit applications.

                It should be stressed that the draft CDUA and EA being provided are intended as models, and are
                not ready for submittal in their present form. Adjustments to the list5of fishponds, to be covered by
                a master Conservation District Use permit will no doubt be required.


                   5 The fishpond list was originally prepared as a "surrogate" master plan for fishpond restoration
                in order to satisfy the requirement of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) that a generic
                Corps permit for fishpond restoration could be issued if there was a master plan of some sort (voiced

                00220001                                         6-2








                Adjustments to the list of included ponds may be based on one or more of the following
                considerations (among others):

                        0       Lack of interest by owners of private fishponds in restoring their ponds

                        0       Updated information on pond condition obtained through new field surveys or aerial
                                photographs

                        0       Acquisition of permits for restoration of certain ponds either being sought or already
                                accomplished through avenues other than a master CDUA.




                during an interview with Mr. Mike Lee, Chief, Operations Branch, ACOE, Ft. Shafter, Hawaii, 8
                October 1992). After evaluation of this requirement, the contractor, in consultation with ADP,
                undertook to prepare a computerized database of Molokai's fishponds in order to ascertain the
                potential for priority ranking of fishponds for restoration. Given ACOE concerns that pond
                restoration would be more difficult to permit if the proposed actions involved mangroves; endangered
                species; wetlands; navigation features; the removal of extensive silt deposits; extensive public access
                and use; or, carry the possibility of causing erosion or accretion on nearby shorelines, an effort was
                made to screen ponds for these potential "permit" liabilities. The listed ponds have relatively fewer
                of these constraints associated with them, and seem unlikely to require preparation of an EIS which
                can be an expensive impediment to restoration.

                As a result of this work, the contract-required "generic EX was prepared in the format of an EA
                supporting the request of a General Conservation District Use Permit. Included in that EA is the
                timaster" list of Moloka'i fishponds which appear to be eligible for permitted reconstruction without
                preparation of a detailed EIS. The EIS process, at both the Federal and State levels, could be both
                costly and time-consuming because of the probable need for detailed environmental measurements
                and investigations for each pond. Inclusion of this list of recommended ponds in the subject report
                does not preclude a decision to add or delete ponds from a formal application for a General CDUA,
                nor does it obligate ADP or the Task Force to proceed with a request for a General CDUA permit.
                The CDUA has been drafted in such a way that it can be used for individual pond applications if that
                should be the desire of the Task Force. However, it is the suggestion of the Consultant team that
                inclusion of the present master list (subject to public input via the normal CDUA public hearing
                process) in a request for a General CDUA is the most efficient method of rapidly enabling the
                restoration of approximately 40 ponds, and that the remaining ponds may be considered under
                auspices of the proposed Moloka'i Fishpond Commission (should that come into being) or by other
                means later. It is worth noting that the strategy to apply for and obtain an ACOE permit depends
                upon the successful application and granting of a General CDUA for the proposed "master" list of
                ponds. The Consultant team believes that the ACOE will look more favorably on a list of ponds
                "pre-approved" by the state in considering the granting of a permit. In this strategy, the Consultant
                team is attempting to set up a situation where the bare minimum of paperwork is needed to initiate
                restoration for the "master" list of ponds; presumably the process could be started with a letter to
                ADP.or DLNR, statement of a restoration plan, and an inspection and approval by the Historic
                Preservation Division. This would be possible because the EA had basically been accepted at the
                time of approval of the General CDUA permit request.

                00220001                                          6-3


































                                           'SECTION 7


                                    'CONSULTANT "ADD-ONS"











                                                            SECTION 7
                                                    CONSULTANT ADD-ONS



               7.1     INTRODUCTION


               Certain additions beyond the requested scope of work were suggested in the Consultants' initial
               proposal to ADP. All of the add-on topics are broad and each could constitute a separate project
               spanning many months of original research effort. Because of the relatively short time frame and
               limited budgetary resources at hand, it was necessary to examine the available information and
               identify the most salient features for each topic area as they apply to fishpond restoration.

               Community input gathered through review of minutes of meetings of the Task Force (Governor's
               Task Force on Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration 1992), responses to questionnaires, and participation
               in meetings with members of the Moloka'i community proved invaluable in this phase of the project.
               Interpreting broad issues in light of community opinion made it possible to narrow the focus for much
               of the discussion which follows.


               7.2     MARKET FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS

               General consideration is given to market factors and socioeconomic issues throughout other sections
               of this report. One theme which emerged as a result of feedback from the Moloka'i community is
               the overriding concern for the preservation of the unique cultural resources which the fishponds
               represent.. Other concerns, including the potential for making the operation of fishponds a profitable
               enterprise, are subservient to it. In certain respects, the traditional preservation and operation of
               fishponds is in conflict with achievement of high productivity or profitability. Thus, the community
               will consider the project successful if the ponds are restored, even if they are not further developed
               into a resource from which substantial monetary gain can be achieved.

               Additional information regarding marketing of specific products will be valuable in future operational
               planning for individual fishponds.      The information which follows is presented to stimulate
               consideration of possible production and marketing strategies for MolokaTs fishponds.

               7.2.1. PRODUCTS


               Traditionally-Utilized Fish Specie

               In addition to the more commonly cultured pond fish, such as mullet and milkfish, various species of
               pelagic and marine reef fish were used traditionally by ancient Hawaiians including: jacks (uhia,
               papio), barracuda (kaku), parrotfish (uhu), wrasse (hinalea), amber jack (kahala), convict tang
               (manini), goatfish (kurnu), surgeonfish (palani), unicornfish (kala), moray eels (puhi), silver perch
               (aholehole), surmullets (weke ula), ten pounders; (awa-aua), bonefish, and ladyfish (oio). Most of
               these could be trapped or caught by throw-net.'




                     Found at Honouliwai Fishtrap.

               00220001                                          7-1









               Marine algae or firnit were also traditionally cultured by the ancient Hawaiians. Limu manattea or
               ogo (Gracilari coronil2ifoli and G. bursal2astoris) were the species most likely used for pond culture.

               Non-Traditional Fishpond Products

               Non-traditional products which could be raised in fishpond culture naturally fall into two distinct
               groups: those which are species native (indigenous or endemic) to Hawaii, but which were not
               traditionally cultured in ancient fishponds, and those which are neither native to Hawaii, nor were
               cultured in ancient fishponds.

               Native Non-Traditional Products


               Under this heading could be included many species of marine tropical fish used in the aquarium fish
               industry. The Florida ornamental aquarium fish industry is a $33 million per year business (mostly
               freshwater species). Marine species, being difficult to breed in confined tanks, command higher
               prices. In the future, legislation will prohibit the collection of reef fish for aquaria.

               The following is a list of popular marine tropical fish collected in Hawaii and their export prices (Van
               Poolen and Obara 1984):

               Common Name                             Scientific Name                            Price Eac


               Yellow tang                             Zebrasom flavescens                          $  2.15
               Long-nose butterfly                     Forcil2ge longirostri
                                                       R.flavissimus                                   3.75
               Potter's angel                          Centropyge DOtteri                              3.75
               Achilles tang                           Acantl@urus achilles                            6.50
               Clown tang                              Naso lituratus                                  4.50
               Four-spot butterfly                     Chaetodon unimaculatus                          3.50
               One-spot butterfly                      Chaetodon unimaculatus                          3.50
               Many-banded butterfly                   Chaetodon multicinctus                          3.50
               Moorish idol                            Zanclus cornutus                                4.00
                                                       .Z. canescen

               Other native   but non-traditional species which could be considered include two species of shrimp.
               One, the Hawaiian shrimp (Penaeu marginatu ) has potential use as a food crop. A second, the
               Grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sp.; 'opae huna) could be used for bait.

               Non-Native and Non-Traditional Products


               In this category fall other commercially-raised shrimp such as White shrimp (Penaeu vannamei).
               Other invertebrates such as the Japanese oyster (Crassostraea gigas) and Manila clam (Tal2es sp.)
               could also be grown in pond culture. EuchQum sp., a type of seaweed used for production of
               carrageenan, and introduced into Kaneohe Bay in the 1970s, could be grown in ponds, but it is






               00220001                                          7-2








                unlikely that, given world prices of roughly $200 per dry ton, it could be a commercially viable crop
                in Hawaii (W. Magruder, personal communication@-

                Generally, the culturing of non-traditional products in MolokaTs fishponds is regarded as less
                desirable than culturing of traditional products. Besides the obvious issue of going against traditional
                values, in the case of culturing non-native non-traditional species, a further problem is introduced.
                This relates to the potential adverse environmental impacts of accidental introduction of exotic
                species into fragile coastal or estuarine environments.

                7.2.2 TARGET MARKETS FOR LOCALLY CULTURED FISHPOND SEAFOOD


                Potential markets and clients for fishpond products are diverse; market information presented here
                includes general information for the State of Hawaii, as well as a specific case study on Orca Sea
                Farms on Moloka'i.


                Statewide Seafood Marketing Information

                Results of a recent survey by East West Research Institute (EWRI) on seafood consumption in
                Hawaii (EWRI 1989) are provided in Exhibit 7.1. As indicated in this exhibit, shrimp is still the most
                favored species in the home (19 percent) and in restaurants (25 percent). Mahimahi is second, 14
                percent at home, 17 percent in restaurants. Other species of fish eaten included mullet (greater than
                0.5 percent at home).

                The survey estimated that Hawaii's resident home consumption accounted for 73 percent of all
                seafood consumed in Hawaii, whereas restaurants accounted for 27 percent. Culturally, Caucasians
                and Japanese are the predominant consumer groups. Heaviest consumption at home is by individuals
                older than 55, with annual incomes between $40,000 to $59,000. The EWRI report estimated the
                size of the seafood market for Hawaii's residents to be 28.5 million pounds/year (lbs/yr).

                Based on the 1987 survey, the estimated resident seafood per capita consumption is 26.8 lbs, twice
                the national average of 14.7 lbs as reported by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS 1987).

                Exhibits 7.2 through 7.4 show, consecutively, commercial fishpond production figures for Oahu, and
                for the Big Island, and recent market prices for fresh fish in Hilo.

                Case Study -- Orea Sea Farms 1986 Marketing Activities

                On Moloka'i, 2.5-pound bags of fresh shrimp (head-on) were sold by the roadside in Kaunakakai.
                The most shrimp sold in one day was about 500 lbs (36 to 40, 31 to 35 headless class), and the best
                customers were pineapple plantation workers.

                As one single pond could yield a total of 2400 lbs of shrimp, the excess was sold to various outer
                island and mainland clients (see preceding list). Shrimp was packed in 40-pound sky-pack cartons and
                shipped by air to the various destination points.



                    2 Dr. Magruder is a phycologist at Bernice P. Bishop Museum.

                00220001                                           7-3











                                                         EXHIBIT 7.1
                                           POPULARITY OF SEAFOOD SPECIES
                                             IN HAWAII HOUSEHOLDS (1987)




                           TYPE OF SEAFOOD LAST EATEN                         HOME           RESTAURANT
                                                                                 %                  %

                Shrimp                                                           19                 25

                Mahimahi                                                         14                 17

                Tuna (yellowfin, bigeye albacore)                                11                 3

                Tuna (skipjack)                                                  9                  0

                Crab                                                             4                  3

                Fish (Unspeciried)                                               6                  3

                20 Other Species                                               1 to 3             1 to 4



   mWa@60m"We" gwm@ow Mom No as M





                                                                                         EXHIBIT 7.2
                                                    COMMERCIAL FISHPOND PRODUCTION, ISLAND OF OAHU 1982-1991







                                                MULLIA'                                     AI-101A,"HOLE                                    MILKFISH
                      Year        Lbs sold      Value $       Ave value/lb      Lbs sold        Value $       Ave value/lb       Lbs sold       Value $       Ave value/lb

                          1982         1,487        $4,422            $2.97             227           $250            $1.10            1.,003      $1,848              $1.84
                          t983         1,441        $4,975            $3.45             189           $322            $1.70            1"990       $2,720              $1.37
                          1984         1,439        $5,358            $3.72             203           $591            $2.91            J.,821      $2,305              $1.27
                          1985             35          $101           $2.89              36             $40           $1.12             267           $334             $1.25
                          1986            126          $422           $3.35             327           $597            $1.82             369           $511             $1.39
                          1987               5          $15           $3.00             675         $ t,623           $2.40             475           $675             $1.42
                          1988            556       $1,927            $3.47            1,039        $1,894            $1.82             570        $1,063              $1.87
                          1989         1,161        $3,753            $3.23             680         $1,224            $1.80            1'522       $2,462              $1.62
                          1990            395       $1,265            $3.20             197           $356            $1.81            1'903       $3,470              $1.82
                          1991              10          $50           $2.75              95           $180            $1.90            2.,939      $5,294              $1.80

                   TOTAL               6,655       $22,288            $3.35            3,668        $7,076            $1.93            61,934      $12.,299            $1.77





                  Source: Statistical Unit, Division or Aquatic Resources, Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources (1992).



                                                                                80MM Mae on some M-M





                                                                                       EXHIBIT 7.3
                                                 COMMERCIAL FISHPOND PRODUCTION, ISLAND OF HAWAII 1982-1991








                                                 MULLET                                        AIIOLEH()LE                                  MILKIelS1J
                       Year        Lhs sold      Value $       Ave valuellb Lbssold            Vakle $       Ave vatuellb Lbs sold          Value $        Ave value/Ili

                       1982                2,992        7963.4             2.66             97         290.5             2.99
                       1983                1,825        45 1. 6.9          2.48
                       1984                4,438       11532.1               2.6            52            156               3
                       1995                6,437       16265.7             2.53           345            1033            2.99
                       1986                1,783        5804.8             3.26           438          1341.6            3.06
                       1987                1,680        5499.3             3.27           564          1558.4            2.76
                       1988                  218          789.2            3.62             is           32.9            1.83           233         463.4            1.99
                       1989                  414        1747.6             4.22           184          699.1              3.8
                       1990                  400        1601.3                 4            31         109.5              3.5
                       1991                    10            35               3.5                                                        154        269.5            1.75

                     TOTAL                20,197     $55,755             $2.76            1,729       $5,220          $3.02             387         $733           $1.89





                  Source: Statistical Unit, Division of Aquatic Resources, Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources (1992).














                                                             EXHIBIT 7.4
                                   FRESH FISH MARKET PRICES, HILO - NOVEMBER 1992




                                                WHOLESALE
                       FISH TYPE                 PRICE/LB              RETAIL PRICE/LB              COMMENTS

                  Mullet                                      $3.00                      $4.50  fresh from Hilo
                                                                                                ponds
                  Mullet                                          --                     0.99   imported from
                                                                                                Florida, frozen

                  Milkfish                                                               2.49   imported frozen
                                                                                                from Philippines
                  Moi                                     6.00-7.00                9.20-10.70   bag limit 15/person
                  Tilapia                                      3.50                      5.00   black or red types

                  Abolehole                                    4.00                      6.15   "yellow belly"
                                                                                                preferred
                  Weke                                    1.25-1.50                  1.92-2.30  from Hilo only, not
                                                                                                Kona

                  Manini                                  2.50-3.00                  3.85-4.62  over 4 inches

                  Palani                                  1.00-1.25                  1.54-1.92

                  Lae or Oio                                   1.00                      1.50









               Depending on the harvest schedule, a pond was typically brought down in the early hours of the
               morning when the temperatures were coldest. By 9 a.m., all shrimp were harvested and placed
               directly into an ice slurry where they were then washed, sorted (to eliminate all non-shrimp products),
               bagged according to size, and stored in insulated cooler boxes on trucks. With only one store on
               Moloka'i selling ice, orders for ice were placed well in advance during harvesting.

               Moloka'i currently has three hotels with restaurants where fishpond-produced seafood could likely
               be served. However, most chefs would be reluctant to list a specific seafood item as a fixed menu
               offering unless a consistent supply from the seafood grower or producer was assured. It is unlikely
               that one or two ponds producing 300 lbs/acre per year would generate a sufficient supply of seafood
               to be featured on menus as "fresh fish specials". An alternative sales approach that has realized
               recent success is the roadside sale of freshly harvested products like corn and watermelon. Seafood
               products from smaller production ponds could also be sold in this manner.

               Most tourists who visit Hawaii prefer to eat fresh, locally caught, fish. Because of its superior taste,
               appearance, and overall quality, fresh fish will command a higher price in the market. The most
               logical target market for the Moloka'i-based fishpond producers would be the island of Maui which
               has a resident population of over 100,000 and a higher visitor profile than does Moloka'i.

               Moloka'i seafood producers should attempt to sell directly to the end customer and avoid the
               middleman or wholesaler. To illustrate this point, Orca Sea Farms sold shrimp to Tamashiro's market
               on Oahu at $5/pound; in turn, Tamashiro's featured these same shrimp at a special sale price to the
               public of $6.95/pound.

               For the direct sales approach to be successful, a processing area would need to be established at
               either the pond or at some other location in Kaunakakai. As is to be expected, Board of Health
               sanitation regulations for seafood processing areas are stringent and the provision of stainless steel
               tables, wash-down areas, cement floors, etc., would need to be considered. Future fishpond operators
               on Moloka'i should also make certain that they have access to a sufficient supply of ice to facilitate
               the processing and delivery requirements for shrimp and other seafood products.

               CLIENTS (Other than Retail):

               Wholesalers:


                               Tamashiro's (Hawaii)
                               Jordan Bow (Hawaii)
                               Monterey Fish (California)
                               Flying Foods (California)
                               Farallon Fish (California)

               Hotels:


                               Sheraton Molokai
                               Hotel Molokai
                               Sheraton Waikoloa
                               Sheraton Waikiki
                       9       Hyatt Regency

               00220001                                           7-4









                                 Hyatt-Maui
                                 Maui Prince
                         0       Kauai Hilton


                 Restaurants:


                                 Kapalua Bay (Maui)
                                 Kapalua Grill (Maui)
                                 Kimo's (Maui)
                         0       Ming Yuen (Maui)
                         0       Bay Club (Maui)
                                 El Crab Catcher (Kauai and Oahu)
                                 Plantation Gardens (Kauai)
                                 Molokai Yacht Club (Moloka'i)
                                 The Shrimp Shop (California)

                 7.2.3   A UNIQUE MARKETING OPPORTUNITY: THE NEED FOR A HATCHERY FACILITY
                         FOR SELECTED POND-CULTURED SEEDSTOCK


                 A number of small streams and rivers empty into Kaneohe Bay on the windward coast of Oahu. The
                 mouths of these small streams act as natural shelters and feeding grounds which juvenile fish frequent
                 before they begin their migration out to sea. MolokaTs south eastern shoreline is fed with
                 intermittent streams; there are no large river estuaries or bays where juvenile mullet could be
                 collected. Thus there is a need on Moloka'i for increasing the hatchery capacity along this shoreline.

                 As more fishponds are developed on Moloka'i, growers will become more dependent upon a hatchery
                 as the source of their fry stock. Unfortunately, the quality of purchased fry stock cannot be
                 guaranteed, whereas wild caught fry is usually of hardier stock in that it has undergone a natural
                 selection process through which it has adapted well to local environmental conditions. In the
                 hatchery, fish hormones are used to induce female broodstock to artificially breed in captivity to
                 spawn their eggs. Survival rates (to one inch fry size) in the grey mullet in Hawaii remains around
                 30 percent after 20 ye@rs of research efforts.

                 One facility capable of supplying grey mullet or milkfish fry is the Oceanic Institute (the 01) on
                 Oahu. While the 01 fish hatchery predominantly supplies seed stock for research purposes, it also
                 produces juvenile mullet for the "Stock Enhancement of Marine Fish in the State of Hawaii"
                 (SEMFISH) program at Hilo Bay on the Big Island and at Manalua Bay on Oahu's south shore. The
                 01's annual mullet fry production for selected commercial operators is between 1 to 2 million (G.
                 Karr, personal communication@). Other potential hatchery sources include the Hawaii Institute of
                 Marine Biology at Coconut Island or the Anuenue Fisheries Research Center at Sand Island.

                 The obvious choice of fish for pond culture in Hawaii is the grey mullet (Mu il ce halu ). The
                                                                                                         f,    12
                 technology for breeding this fish in captivity is available although improved feeding techniques will
                 be required to increase larval survival in the hatchery. A second choice for pond fish culture in
                 Hawaii is the milkfish (CLhanos chano ) which is a more difficult fish to spawn in captivity. Adults


                     3Mr. Karr is Training Coordinator for the Oceanic Institute.

                 00220001                                             7-5









                 do not sexually mature until age 4 to 5 and the success of spawning captive broodstock animals has
                 long proved inconsistent. A third potential target fish is the moi (Polydactylu sexfilis) whose high
                 demand locally will command a higher market price than the other two fish. Spawning of adults and
                 larval rearing of this species was first achieved by Dr. Robert May in 1973 at Hawaii Institute of
                 Marine Biology (HIMB). Fish obtained from floating cages displayed spontaneous spawning and
                 juveniles reared in captivity were conditioned to feed on dry artificial rations. Measurements in cages
                 showed that marketable fish of 300 grams (gm) could be produced from 9 gm fry in 300 days.
                 Further growth studies on moi were conducted at Coconut Island (Szyper et al. 1991) which
                 determined that faster growth rates in pens occurred by feeding fresh fish twice daily.

                 Some pond growers are experimenting with cage culture of tilapia (M. Brooks, personal
                 communicatiori4). This fish is relatively easy to breed and does not require a sophisticated hatchery
                 system. Encouraging results have also been achieved in spawning the Serrated swimming crab
                 (Samoan crab; Scylla serrat ).

                 Molokai Sea Farms owns and operates a commercial shrimp hatchery on Moloka'i from which shrimp
                 post-larvae could be supplied to stock experimental pens within ponds on a limited basis. This
                 commercial hatchery could also be adapted for larval fish rearing; however, as this is a privately
                 owned hatchery, negotiation with Molokai Sea Farms would need to be undertaken.

                 As the number of restored and operational fishponds on Moloka'i increases, the next logical step
                 would be the establishment of a fish hatchery on Moloka'i. This hatchery could be designed as a
                 multi-purpose facility for spawning and larval rearing of a variety of fish, shellfish, or crustacea. A
                 feasibility study to identify the ideal location for this hatchery would be initiated and candidate
                 locations might include either the extreme eastern or western points of the south shore, or other
                 locations away from any influence of freshwater run-off. Technical experts will be needed to operate
                 the hatchery. In that there are no known experts currently on Moloka'i, reliable and experienced
                 consultants would need to identified and hired from other locations. Justification for a hatchery
                 would be based on the quantity of fry needed to stock the fishponds. This is an unknown factor at
                 this time as the number of fishponds designated for restoration has not yet been determined.

                 7.3    ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS


                 The goal of attendees at the Moloka'i community workshop on 18 November 1992 was to restore all
                 fishponds on Moloka'i so that they could be observed, understood, and used as part of MolokaTs
                 native Hawaiian heritage.

                 The Historic Preservation Division, DLNR, is the primary agent for the determination of appropriate
                 restoration plans for historical sites or resources. A representative of this office has participated with
                 the Task Force, and has also accompanied the Consultants' expert archaeologist on inspections of the
                 two demonstration ponds. The proposed restoration plans are in accordance with their findings.






                     4Mr. Brooks leases Heeia Fishpond in Kaneohe, Oahu.

                 00220001                                           7-6









                Proposed restoration plans for any fishpond must be approved by the Historic Preservation Division.
                Critical elements of proposed restoration plans include the following guidelines:

                0      Restoration should retain the essential characteristics of the fishpond's physical structures,
                       such as the alignment of the wall, the type of materials used, and the basic dimensions and
                       cross-sectional profiles

                0      The process of restoration should not damage the targeted historical resource, or other
                       historical resources onsite


                0      The operation of the ponds should not detract from their historical and cultural significance

                In many cases, precise wall dimensions such as width, height, or slope cannot be determined from the
                remains at the site. This is the case at the two demonstration ponds; typical sections from other walls,
                evidence available onsite, and the probable original operational methods of the ponds were all
                considered in developing the proposed reconstruction plans. By interpreting and applying available
                archaeological information in this manner, a procedure for pond restoration is developed which
                achieves structural and operational soundness, while giving due consideration to the unique cultural
                and historical significance of the fishponds.

                7.4    LREGULATORY UPDATE

                Detailed information about aquaculture- and fishpond-related regulations is provided in Section 2 and
                the accompanying guide entitled: "Permits and Regulatoiy Requirements for Aquaculture in Hawaii".
                Updates for two regulations, one recently enacted and the other still pending, may have specific
                implications for fishpond restoration, and are discussed below,

                7.4.1 SECTION 404 -- CLEAN WATER ACT UPDATE


                Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the ACOE currently regulates activities involved with
                the discharge (filling) of material mechanically deposited into wetlands, coastal areas, and other
                "
                waters of the United States". According to proposed regulations published by ACOE and the U.S.
                Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on 16 June 1992, the ACOE may also be given the
                responsibility and authority to regulate dredging under the Section 404 regulations. Specifically, the
                cited publication states that mechanized landclearing, ditching, channelization, or other excavation
                activities within waters of the United States would require a 404 permit, even if the excavated
                material were not deposited within a water of the United States but taken to an upland site for
                disposal. This change in authority, if effected, will have serious implications for fishpond restoration
                activities on Moloka'i. This is particularly true in light of the fact that many ponds on Moloka'i,
                having been filled with silt washed down from upland areas, would require dredging of the thick
                overburden of sediment in order to be restored.


                7.4.2 NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) PROGRAM

                Under this program, the State of Hawaii adopted new permitting procedures which regulate the
                discharge of stormwater runoff into receiving coastal waters as of 1 October 1992. In Hawaii,
                permitting for stormwater discharge is the responsibility of the Clean Water Branch of the DOH.
                Depending on the types of activities undertaken and the types of discharges generated, an NPDES

                00220001                                          7-7









                permit may be required for the restoration and operation of a fishpond. For instance, on-land
                construction activities or on-land "dewatering" of dredged materials associated with fishpond
                restoration may cause the discharge of effluents which are regulated under NPDES. In general,
                however, since fishponds are already located in "receiving waters", NPIDES regulations would more
                likely apply to offsite activities which could affect water quality within the ponds, rather than activities
                occurring within the ponds themselves.

                7.5     CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFICATION OF MOLOKAII FISHPONDS


                A wide spectrum of factors affect the "restorability" of ancient Hawaiian fishponds on Moloka'i.
                These range from obvious considerations of cost, to less-known concerns such as those relating to
                regulation of "navigational servitude" of fishponds. Many factors are interrelated, e.g., the fact that
                a fishpond is heavily silted (an environmental consideration) leads to a much higher cost (an
                economic factor) for restoration. Ideally, evaluation of fishponds on the basis of the most important
                criteria leads to a natural ranking of the relative ease with which they could be restored. Attention
                should also be given to the specific limitations which exist under the current regulatory framework.        5
                Following are brief descriptions for each criterion.

                7.5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS


                Mangroves

                While mangroves are non-native plants in Hawaii, their presence in coastal areas of the State
                constitutes a natural resource recognized and regulated by the Federal government. Because of this,
                the presence of mangroves overgrowing fishponds which have fallen into disuse presents an obstacle
                to fishpond restoration.

                Endangered Species

                As protected by the Endangered Species Act, presence of any endangered species on a potential site
                for fishpond restoration would hinder the restoration process. Possible endangered species most
                likely to be associated with fishpond sites on Moloka'i include: the Hawaiian stilt ('ae'o; Himantol2u
                mexicanus), the Hawaiian coot ('alae ke'oke'o; Fulic alai), and the Hawaiian gallinule ('alae'ula;
                Gallinula chloropu

                Siltation


                MolokaTs coastal waters are subject to the heaviest siltation found anywhere in the State. As a
                result, many fishponds are silted over, often to depths of several feet. The presence of heavy silt



                    5 It must be emphasized that the purpose of establishing this hierarchy is to address the question
                of restoration of fishponds as it could be accomplished under the present existing regulatory
                framework. Other factors take on added significance, and thus, other scenarios for restoration
                become possible, if the regulatory framework is changed. This could occur, for instance, if a
                sovereign Hawaiian nation were to be established.             Community concern regarding Hawaiian
                sovereignty was raised during the public meeting of 18 November 1992.

                00220001                                             7-8









                poses significant problems for restoration: how is the silt to be removed, where should it be disposed
                of, what are the costs involved, etc.


                Coastal Drift


                This refers to the phenomenon whereby patterns of water circulation, altered through fishpond
                restoration, cause changes in the deposition of sand to, or erosion of sand from, the shoreline
                downcurrent from the restoration site. Drastic changes in shoreline configuration may cause equally
                drastic changes in the patterns of sediment deposition which occur.

                7.5.2 REGULATORY FACTORS


                Navigational Servitude

                As is the case with most fishponds on Moloka'i which have fallen into disuse, the walls of the pond
                may be breached by the ocean. This may lead to the pond basin being used as a navigation channel
                for fishermen or other boaters. Navigation rights become an issue when the open waters of an
                abandoned fishpond are subsequently isolated by the building of restored walls, thus excluding that
                area from navigational use.

                Water Quality

                Not only is water quality of concern insofar as it impacts the potential operational success of a
                fishpond, but the effluent water generated by operation of the pond and entering the adjacent
                ffreceiving waters", or water body where the pond is located, may impact water quality. The DOH
                is charged with regulating and enforcing such water quality standards throughout the State.

                Archaeology

                While one of the objectives of pond restoration is to preserve the cultural and archaeological
                significance of ancient Hawaiian fishponds, it is crucial that, in the process, such restoration does not
                obliterate the very cultural resources which it sets out to save. Damage to, or destruction of,
                archaeological resources is minimized through close coordination with trained archaeologists and the
                Historic Preservation Division in identifying unique resources at each site, and determining the
                restoration methods most appropriate for each pond.

                Wetlands and Special Aquatic Sites

                As breeding, rearing, and feeding grounds for many species of fish and wildlife, wetlands are
                recognized by the federal government as a unique and protected natural resource. Wetlands are
                lands which are at least periodically saturated with water. In addition to wetlands, other habitats are
                recognized as special aquatic sites; they include, among other types of habitats or ecosystems, coral
                reefs, mangrove swamps, mudflats, and tidepools. The presence of any of these recognized wetland
                habitats on a fishpond site potentially presents regulatory obstacles to restoration.






                00220001                                           7-9











                 7.5.3 SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS


                 Construction/Material/Labor Costs

                 Virtually all of the preceding factors may potentially impact the costs of restoration of fishponds. In
                 addition, variation will occur as to the availability of materials at or near the site, as well as the
                 availability and costs of labor. Finally, cost of restoration is directly tied to the size of the site being
                 restored. All other factors being equal, a pond having smaller basin area or walls of shorter length,
                 will be easier and less costly to restore than a larger pond with a more extensive basin and longer
                 walls.


                 Need for Heavy Equipment

                 The use of heavy equipment may be controversial for certain projects, such as fishpond restoration,
                 which seek to maintain traditional values. However, the Moloka'i community, while favoring
                 traditional restoration methods as far as they can be used, has expressed a willingness to utilize heavy
                 equipment for fishpond restoration as necessary. The community recognizes that in most cases, this
                 is the only practicable means by which restoration will succeed. However, this criterion is still useful
                 in assessing relative ease of restoration, since ponds requiring use of more equipment will, at the very
                 least, be more costly than ponds not requiring as much use of heavy equipment.

                 Community Support

                 While the Moloka'i community generally favors restoration of all ponds, there is stronger support for
                 the restoration of certain ponds over others. For example, strong support may be the result of a
                 specific 'ohana wanting to restore its traditional fishpond for use in subsistence fishing. Lack of
                 support, on the other hand, may be the result of the pond being privately owned or otherwise
                 inaccessible to the public. The level of community support (if known) is an important factor which
                 will help to determine which ponds stand the best chance of being successfully restored.

                 Property Ownership

                 Public ownership of fishponds appears to be a key criterion for public restoration of fishponds.
                 Private restoration of privately owned fishponds may also occur, provided that it is carried out within
                 an administrative framework which protects the cultural integrity of the ponds.

                 Coastal Access


                 Some publicly owned ponds do not have overland rights-of-way, although they may be approached
                 from the sea or along the shoreline below the vegetation line. Usually, access rights can be obtained
                 from owners of abutting private lands either through easements, or, ultimately through condemnation
                 if the need is sufficiently urgent.

                 Pond Productivity Potential

                 While the primary impetus for fishpond restoration on Moloka'i is the desire to see a resource of
                 historical and traditional significance preserved, an important secondary impetus is the prospect of
                 having a restored pond operate as a viable, producing aquaculture facility. Due to the varied coastal

                 00220001                                            7-10









                and water quality conditions which prevail at different sites, certain ponds offer greater productivity
                potential than others.

                7.6     A RANKING HIERARCHY FOR MOLOKAII FISHPONDS


                The preceding section lays out in detail those factors which should be taken into consideration in
                order to establish a reliable system for ranking fishponds for their restoration potential. As a function
                of the limited time, budget, and scope of this project, not all these factors could be taken into
                account, since to investigate some of them would require considerable time and effort for original
                research. Of necessity, establishment of the hierarchy relied upon information which could be
                gathered from existing sources; these sources included aerial photographs (ACOE 1975), descriptions
                in the literature dealing with Hawaiian fishponds (DHM 1989; Estioko-Griffin 1987; Madden and
                Paulsen 1977; Apple and Kikuchi 1975; Summers 1971; Summers 1964), and, to a much lesser extent,
                site visits.


                The methods employed in developing the hierarchy are described here; limitations of the analysis are
                discussed; the ranking of the ponds is provided in table form; and finally, conclusions and
                recommendations are presented. Complete data sheets for all fishponds evaluated are included in
                Appendix B. The compilation of information on Moloka"i fishponds proved to be useful in the
                formulation of master planning and master permitting strategies described in Section 6.

                7.6.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS


                Existing literature on the fishponds of Moloka'i was gathered and reviewed. Previous authors have
                attempted to establish various classifications which present a picture of the relative physical condition,
                production potential, or historical value of Hawaii's fishponds (DHM 1989; Estioko-Griffin 1987;
                Madden and Paulsen 1977; Apple and Kikuchi 1975; Summers 1971; Summers 1964). In the course
                of the literature review, it became apparent that not all of the criteria which might impact fishpond
                restoration have been researched and described. In addition, those references which emphasize
                certain aspects of fishpond condition, such as their productivity potential (Madden and Paulsen 1977)
                or archaeological value (Apple and Kikuchi 1975) do not cover all sites. The criteria which are most
                consistently described in the literature and available for analysis relate to the physical condition of
                the ponds.     For the most part, these include the degree of siltation, degree of vegetation
                encroachment, and condition of pond walls. These features are also discernible in aerial photographs
                (ACOE 1975).

                In attempting to organize data in a form which would permit the orderly ranking of MolokaTs
                fishponds with respect to ease of restoration and permit acquisition, a decision was made to rely most
                heavily on an analysis of the aerial photos. This enabled the determination of physical condition of
                ponds, with a minimum of subjective interpretation. Some corroboration of information gained from
                observation of aerial photos was also obtained from written descriptions (Governor's Task Force on
                Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration 1992; DHM 1989; Estioko-Griffin 1987; Madden and Paulsen 1977;
                Summers 1971; Summers 1964). For each pond, siltation, vegetative cover, and wall condition were
                estimated and assigned a numeric value on a scale from 1 to 5, as follows:

                0        Silt: 1 = Pond covered over in silt (or silt and vegetation) to 5 = Minimal silt in pond




                00220001                                            7-11








                  0      Vegetation: 1 = Pond covered by vegetation ( or vegetation and silt) to 5 = Pond basin and
                         walls relatively free of encroaching vegetation

                  0      Wall Condition: 1 = Walls not visible or covered by silt or vegetation to 5 = Walls
                         pronounced, nearly intact

                  The three numbers were added and averaged to obtain a value reflective of the overall physical
                  condition for the pond.

                  Other Criteria Considered


                  As explained above, ease of restoration is directly tied to pond acreage and pond wall length. These
                  factors were therefore also considered in the analysis.

                  7.6.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE ANALYSIS


                  The accuracy of this analysis is limited by the fact that the aerial photographs on which data are based
                  are outdated (taken in 1975). It is likely that, in the interim, significant changes have taken place on
                  many, if not most, of the pond sites on Moloka'i. In addition, in the time allotted, detailed site visits
                  were made only to the two project demonstration ponds. Interpretation of aerial photos without the
                  benefit of "ground truthing" leaves considerable room for subjectivity. This analysis is therefore
                  presented more as a model upon which an updated analysis could be based, rather than as a final
                  decision-making tool.

                  7.6.3 RANKING OF PONDS FOR RESTORATION


                  Despite the limitations encountered and described above, the hierarchy constructed here provides
                  some interesting information. Criteria employed in the analysis were prioritized in the following
                  order: 1) numerical rating based on aerial photographs; 2) pond area; and 3) pond wall length. The
                  results of the analysis are provided as Exhibit 7.5 and in Appendix B.

                  7.6.4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS


                  The ultimate objective in ranking Moloka'i's fishponds in a hierarchy is to provide information as to
                  the relative ease of restoration of the ponds. However, certain deficiencies in the data upon which
                  the analysis are based make achievement of this goal difficult. The crucial obstacles encountered
                  were: 1) lack of complete field surveys for all ponds, and 2) lack of up-to-date aerial photographs of
                  fishpond sites. The following actions are therefore recommended:

                  1. Conduct comprehensive field surveys of all ponds. The surveys should encompass descriptions of:

                  0      Physical condition

                  0      Community support for, or opposition to, restoration of specific ponds

                  0      Archaeological value




                  00220001                                         7-12












                                                                  EXHIBIT 7.5
                                        A RANKING HIERARCHY FOR MOLOKA'l FISHPONDS                                            Wall
                                                                                                             Rating Area      Length
         Rank GTe        Fishpond Name             Site#'  TMK#            Ahupuaa          Owner            COO     Acres    ft


         1               Honouliwai                233     5-8-02:68       Honouliwai       State            3.5     0.6      360
         2               Kaurnanamana              77      5-1-02:4        Kaluako'i        Private          3.3     3        700
         3               Kaoini                    136A    5-4-03:23       Makakupaia       Private          3.3     9.3      1770
         4               Kanoa                     137     5-4-17:49       Kawela           Private          3.3     50       2860
         5               'AIN                      135     5-4-06:25       Makakupaia       HHO              3.2     27       2700
         6               J                         226B    5-7-01          Waialua          State            3       --       400
         7               Kahinapohaku              228     5-8-01:2        Moanui           State            3       4        1100
         8               Kaloko'iki                157     5-6-08:20       Wawaia           Private          3       6        1500
         9               Kaina'ohe                 160     5-6-05:22       Kaamola          Private          3       17       1770
         10              Ka'opeahina               190     5-7-09:1        Kaluaaha         Private          3       19.7     1770
         11              Kaloko'eli                133     5-4-02:14       Karniloloa       State            3       28.2     2800
         12              Keawanui                  163     5-6-06:8        Kaarnola         Private          3       54.5     2000
         13                                        193     --              Kaluaaha         State            2.8     --       3025
         14                                        --      5-7-03          Waialua          State            2.8     1.0?     500
         15              Ualapu'e                  185     5-6-01:1        Ualapue          State            2.8     22       1575
         16              Naninaniku'eku'e          79      5-1-02:4        Kaluako'i        Private          2.8     22       2600
         17                                        80      5-1-02:4        Kaluako'i        Private          2.8     23       --
         18              Ni'aupala                 192     5-7-07:8        Kaluaaha         Private          2.8     34       1975
         19                                        156     5-6-09:         Wawaia           State            2.8     40       2990
         20              'Ohalahala                231     5-8-01:3        Kurnimi          State            2.7     1.5      --
         21              Halemahana                184     5-6-03:35       Ualapue          State            2.7     3.3      725
         22              Kula'alamihi              214     5-7-04:34       Honomuni         Private          2.7     4        --
         23              Wehelau'ulu               170     --              Manawai          State            2.7     8        1770
         24              Kaunahiko'oku             165     5-6-04:28       W. 'Ohi'a        Private          2.7     13       2000
         25              Kanukuawa                 148     5-5-01:12       Kapuaokoola      Private          2.7     29       2300
         26                                        166     --              W. 'Ohi'a        State            2.5     8        --
         27              Kawi'u                    146     5-5-01:39       Makolelau        Private          2.5     12       1700
         28              Kupeke                    206     5-7-06:1        Kupeke           Private          2.5     34       2210
         29              Panahaha                  147     5-5-01:21       Makolelau        Private          2.5     36       3150
         30              Waihilahila               213     5-7-06:27       Kailiula         Private          2.3     4        --
         31              Kihaloko                  212     5-7-06:22       Ahaino II        Private          2.3     5        --
         32              Kalua'aha                 188                     Kaluaaha         State            2.3     13       2110
         33              Mahilika                  189     5-7-10:31       Kaluaaha         State            2.3     13.3     1760
         34              Mikiawa                   162     5-6-06:9        Kaamola          State            2.3     44       3100
         35              -- (2ponds)               138     5-4-13          Kawela           State            2.2     --       1550
         36              'Ipuka'iole               219     5-7-04:5        Kainalu          Private          2.2     3.2      590
         37              Panahaha                  202     5-7-07:22       Pukoo I          State            2.2     13.8     1600
         38              Kainalu                   220     5-7-04          Kainalu          State            2.2     19       2160
         39              Pahiomu                   149     5-5-01:10       Kapuakoolau State                 2.2     20       1770
                                                                           and Keonokuino
         40              Pakanaka                  97      5-1-02:4        Kaluako'i        Private          2.2     68.9     2000












                                                                  EXHIBIT 7.5
                                        A RANKING HIERARCHY FOR MOLOKA'I FISHPONDS
                                                                    (continued)                                               Wall
                                                                                                              Rating Area     Length
         Rank GTF         Fishpond Name            Site#   TMK#             Ahupuaa          Owner            COE     Acres   ft


         41               Hikauhi                  78      5-1-02:4         Kaluako'i        Private          2       1.5
         42               Kamahu'ehu'e             151     5-5-02:5         Kamalo           Private          1.8     37      3470
         43               Nahiole                  210     5-7-06:18        Ahaino I         State            1.7     1+
         44               Puhaloa                  179     5-6-04:25        Manawai          Private          1.7     6       1245
         45               Papa'ili'ili             161     --               Kaamola          State            1.7     6.5     750
         46               Kipapa                   150     5-5-01:8         Keonokui'no      State            1.7     10      1371
         47               Pipi'o                   196     5-7-08:77        Mapulehu         Private          1.7     17      1156
         48               Kalua'apuhi              104     5-2-11:25        Naiwa I          Private          1.5     19
         49               Puko'o                   203     5-7-07:21        Pukoo 11         Private          1.3     25      2000
         50               Kahokai                  117     5-2-11:1         Kalamaula        HHL              1.2     20
         51               Pa'ahao                  105     5-2-11:25        Naiwa I          Private          1
         52                                        205     --               PukooI           State            1               1225
         53               Kamaloko                 122     5-2-08           Kalamaula        HHL              1       0.9
         54               Kapa'akea                132     5-4-03:9         Kapaakea         Private          1       5.45
         55               Uluanui                  145     5-5-01:31        Makolelau        Private          1       6.5
         56               'O'o'ia                  103     5-2-11:25        KahanuiI         Private          1       15
         57               Kakaha'ia                143     5-4-01:5         Kawela           Federal          1       31
         58               Paialoa                  158     5-6-02:12        Puaahala         Private          1       35      2200
         59               'Ohaipilo                118     5-2-11:1         Kalamaula        HHL              1       39
         60                                        315                      Halawa           Private
         61               'Umipa'a                 119                      Kalamaula
         62               Aipohaku                 101A                     Kahanuil                                  0.24
         63               Kauha'a                  101B    5-2-11           KahanuiI                                  0.52
         64               Waiakea                  101C    5-2-11:20        KahanuiI         State                    1
         65                                        120     5-2-9:11         Kalamaula        HHL                      2
         66                                        226?    5-7-03           Waialua                                   16+
         67               Punalau                  102     5-2-11:11        KahanuiI         Private          20
         68                                        98      5-1-01:2-4       Hoolehua         State/Private 38
         69               Pala'au                  99      5-2-11:4         Palaau           HHL                      500     6300

                  1. Indicates pond considered (*) or selected (**) for "jump-start" restoration by the Governor's Task
                  Force on Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration.

                  2. Based on Summers (1971).

                  3. A composite rating based on degree of siltation, vegetative encroachment, and wall condition, as
                  determined from aerial photographs (ACOE 1975); 1 = worst, 5 = best condition.

                  4. Hawaiian Home Lands.


                  5.      unknown








               0       Other potential regulatory or environmental constraints (e.g., navigational servitude,
                       endangered species)

               2. Implement a focused aerial photography survey of Moloka'i's fishponds. This would entail
               shooting regular color and infrared film at low altitude to produce photographs of sufficient detail
               so that features important in the context of pond restoration (walls and foundations, vegetation,
               substrate, etc.) are easily recognizable.

               While some inaccuracies and subjectivity are to be expected in such an analysis, the information
               obtained is believed to be sufficiently reliable to form the basis for formulation of an initial CDUA
               general permit. Updated field surveys or aerial photography would provide the basis for revising or
               updating the CDUA as necessary.












































               00220001                                         7-13




































                                          SECTION 8


                 LIST OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED











                                                           SECTION 8
                         LIST OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED



                8.1    CONSULTED PARTIES


                The following agencies, organizations, and individuals were consulted during the preparation of this
                document:


                       William Paty, Chair, Board of Land and Natural Resources

                       John Corbin, Manager, Aquaculture Development Program

                0      Donna Hanaike, Deputy Director, Department of Land and Natural Resources

                       Roger Evans, Chief, Office of Conservation and Environmental Affairs

                       Steve Chang, Department of Health

                       Annie Griffin, State Historic Preservation Division

                       Billy Kalipi, Snr., Fishpond Restorer

                       Stanley Halama, Member, 'ohana of the Honouliwai ahupuaa

                0      Lance "Kip" Dunbar, Operator,    'Ipuka'iole Fishpond

                0      Members of the Governor's Task Force on Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration

                0      Members of the Cultural Committee (under the Governor's Task Force on Moloka'i Fishpond
                       Restoration)

                In addition to the above parties, our appreciation is also extended to certain interested members of
                the Moloka'i community: the 12 residents who participated in a 15 October 1992 Cultural Committee
                meeting; and the 19 residents who participated in the 18 November 1992 community meeting on
                Moloka'i.


                The feedback received from each of the above listed individuals or groups has served to define the
                issues and shape the content of this draft EA.












                00220001                                        8-1





































                                             SECTION 9 -


                                        'LIST OF PREPARERS











                                                      SECTION 9
                                                LIST OF PREPARERS



              The following firms or individuals were involved in the preparation of this environmental assessment:

                                                   MBA International
                                                   William A. Brewer
                                                    James T. Berdach


                                                      Amaqua, Inc.
                                                Craig Emberson, Principal

                                                   John H. Bay, Esq.
                                                      John H. Bay

                                                       Earthplan
                                               Berna Cabacungan, Principal

                                       Eugene P. Dashiell, AICP, Planning Services
                                                Eugene P. Dashiell, AlCP

                                                KRP Information Services
                                                Jacqueline Parnell, AICP



























              00220001                                     9-1




































                                         SECTION tO


                                     LIST OF REFERENCES











                                                        SECTION 10
                                                   LIST OF REFERENCES



                      ACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1984. Molokai Coastal Resources Atlas. Pacific
                             Ocean Division, Ft. Shafter, Hawaii.

                      Achitoff, P., et al. 1992. Key Issues in Wetlands Regulation in Hawaii. National Business
                             Institute, Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii.

                      Apple, Russell A- and William K. Kikuchi 1975. Ancient Hawaii Shore Zone Fishponds.- An
                             Evaluation of Sumivors for Historical Preservation. Office of the State Director,
                             National Park Service, Honolulu: 157 pp.

                      Bardach, J.E., Ryther, J.H., McLarney, W.O., 1972. Aquaculture, The Fanning and
                             Husbandiy of Freshwater and Marine Oiganisins. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

                      Brewer, William A. 1980. Perinits and Entironmental Requirements for Aquaculture in
                             Hawaii.    Hawaii State Department of Planning and Economic Development,
                             Honolulu.


                      Chong, Kee-Chai, et al. 1982. Inputs as related to output in milkfish production in the
                             Philippines. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management
                             (ICLARM) Technical Report No. 3, Manila.

                      Clay, Esq., Gerald S. 1981. Ocean Leasing foi- Hawaii. Aquaculture Development Program,
                             Hawaii State Department of Planning and Economic Development, Honolulu.

                      Costa-Pierce, B.A. 1987. Aquaculture in Ancient Hawaii. BioScience 37(5): 320-331.

                      DHM (DHM Planners, Inc. and Public Archaeology Section, Applied Research Group -
                             Bishop Museum) 1989. Hawaiian Fishpond Study,- Islands of Oahu, Moloka4 and
                             Hawaii. Report Prepared for the Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program, Office
                             of State Planning, Honolulu.

                      Estioko-Griffin, Agnes 1987. An Inventoiy of Fishponds Island of Molokai. (manuscript)
                             State Historic Preservation Division, Department of Land and Natural Resources,
                             Honolulu: 21pp.

                      EWRI   (East West Research Institute) 1989. Hawaii Seafood Consumption: A Survey of
                             Seafood Consumption in Hawaii. Ocean Resources Branch, Hawaii State Department
                             of Business and Economic Development.

                      Governor's Task Force on Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration 1992. Minutes of meetings
                             conducted on Moloka'i and Oahu, 28 January through 15 December 1992.

                      Jenkins, Michael D. 1991. Starting and Operating a Business in Hawaii. Oasis Press, Grants
                             Pass, Oregon.

              00220001                                       10-1









                        Kikuchi, William K. 1973. Hawaiian Aquacultural System. Doctoral Dissertation, University
                                of Arizona.


                        MacKenzie, Melody Kapilialoha (ed.) 1991. Native Hawaiian Rights Handbook. Native
                                Hawaiian Legal Corporation, Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Honolulu.

                        Madden, W.D., and C.L. Paulsen 1977. The Potential for Mullet and Milkfish Culture in
                                Hawaiian Fishponds. State of Hawaii Department of Planning & Economic
                                Development, Honolulu.

                        Mathew, P. M., et al. 1987. "Polyculture of brackishwater fishes in Vyttila fish farm, Kerala."
                                The First Indian Fisheries Forum, Proceedings. 4-8 December, Mangalore, Karnataka
                                (India).

                        NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) 1987. Fisheries of the United States, 1986. U.S.
                                Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

                        Pillai, S. M., et al. 1980. "Observations on growth, survival and production of grey mullets
                                Mugil cel2halu (Linnaeus), Liza Darsia (Hamilton) and Liza tade (Forsskal) in a
                                coastal low saline polyculture pond." Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal
                                Aquaculture Held al Cochin. Symp. Ser. Mar. Biol. Assoc. India, No. 6.

                        Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Samuel H. Elbert 1981. Hawaiian Dictionaty. University of
                                Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

                        Rabanal, H.R. and Y.C. Shang 1979. The economics of various management techniques for
                                pond culture of finfish. In: Advances in Aquaculture, Fishing News Books (England).

                        Schmitt, Robert C. 1977. Historical Statistics of Hawaii@ The University of Hawaii Press,
                                Honolulu: 677 pp.

                        Summers, Catherine C. 1964. Hawaiian Fishponds. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special
                                Publication No. 52, Honolulu.

                        Summers, Catherine C. 1971. Molokai: A Site Survey. Pacific Anthropological Records No
                                14. Department of Anthropology, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii: 239
                                PP.

                        Szyper, J.P., et al. 1991. Preliminary aquaculture evaluation of moi (Polydactylus sexfilis).
                                The Progressive Fish Culturist 53: 20-25.

                        Van Poolen, Walter and Alfonso M. Obara 1984. "Hawaii's Marine Aquarium Fish Industry
                                Profile. Studies on Marine Economics No. 3. University of Hawaii SeaGrant College
                                Program, UNIHI-SEAGRANT-ME-84-03, April.

                        Wyban, Carol Araki 1992. Tide and Cun-ent - Fishponds in Hawaii. University of Hawaii
                                Press, Honolulu, Hawaii.



                00220001                                          10-2








                      Ziemann, David , et al. 1990. Aquacullum Efflitent Dischaige Pmgmm: Yew- 1 Final Report.
                             The Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture, Honolulu, Hawaii.



















































               00220001                                      10-3


























                                       APPENDIX A

                          MOLOKA'l COMMUNITY SURVEY MATERIALS









                       Exhibit A- 1


                       Distribution List for Questionnaire and Meeting Notice


                       Adams, Cole                                       Hodgins, Aka
                       Adolpho, Kaeo                                     Hodgins, Pearl
                       Adolpho, Mathew                                   Holt, Karen
                       Akutagawa, Katherine                              Hustace, Maria
                       Akutagawa, Myron                                  Joy, Noelani
                       Akutagawa, William                                Kalilikane, John Jr.
                       Albino, Louella                                   Kalipi, Barbara
                       Alcain, Robert                                    Kalipi, Billy Jr.
                       Aluli, Dr. Emmett                                 Kalipi, Billy Sr.
                       Anderson, Kathlen                                 Kamakana, Rachel
                       Apple, Russ                                       Kaopuild, Halona
                       Aquino, Dan                                       K2puni, Kupuna Lani
                       Bicoy, Fred                                       Kapuni, Zelda
                       Bonk,Lyn                                          Kaulia, George
                       Brandt, Nani                                      Kaupu, Julie
                       Bryan, Janie                                      Kawano, Pat
                       Caikin, Steve                                     Kealoha, Sam
                       Camara, Linda                                     Keawe, Kupuna Minerva
                       Caparida, Judy & Cappy                            Kee, ls-aac Lin
                       Caparida, Lani                                    Kennedy,Joe
                       Castanira, Pauline                                Kim, Moke
                       Castanira, Samuel                                 Kina, Miles
                       Coelho, Keala                                     Ku, Kupuna Clara
                          on, Uilani                                     Lee,Jane
                       Crivello, Stacy                                   Lee, Wayde
                       Col


                       Curtis, Dorothy                                   Lenwai, Glen Kaleo,
                       De Freitas, Wendell                               Lester, Kui & Kurt
                       Dunbar, Kip                                       Liku'a, Lyle
                       Dunbar, Leslie                                    Logan, Dwayna
                       Dunbar, Vera                                      Lopes, Puanani
                       Dunbar, William                                   MacDonald, Virginia
                       Dunnam, Darlene                                   Machado, Leslie
                       English, Sahoni                                   Mahiai, Kalani
                       Enos-Ku, Rose Mae                                 Makiao, Henrietta
                       Fairbanks, Keoni                                  Mawae, James
                       Gabas, John                                       Meyer, Wayne
                       Glenn, Dr. Ed                                     Miranda, Edwin
                       Goodhue, Anna                                     Mowat, Karl
                       Goodhue, Edward                                   Naehu, Guy
                       Grambusch, Wilma                                  Naki, Raymond
                       Halama, Stanley                                   Naki, Walter
                       Hamakua, Luana                                    Napoleon, Sherman Jr.



                       A Study of Commun&-Based Hawaiian fishpond Restoration and Use on Moloka I                                   Egithplan
                       Repon on Community Input                                                                           ExhibitA-1, Page I








                    Distribution List for Questionnaire and Meeting Notice
                    (continued)


                    Hanakahi, Vanda                                Napoleon, Sherman Sr.
                    Heon, Thom"                                    Nip, Clifford
                    Holm, Adolph                                   Pagsdale, Walter
                    Helm, Kupuna Mae                               Peabody, George
                    Pedro, Candace                                 Sawyer, Richard
                    Pedro, Edmund                                  Schonely, Barbara
                    Pedro, Leimomi                                 Schonely, Richard
                    Pedro, Obay                                    Schonely, Stephen
                    Pedro, Samuel                                  Schonely, Yolanda
                    Phifer, Russell                                Seals, Charlotte
                    Place, Marie & Damien                          Shoemaker, Scott
                    PoePoe, Mac                                    Simms, Howard
                    Puailihau, Danny                               Takamiya, Ted
                    Ramos, Kaipo                                   Tanaka, Eddie
                    Rawlins, August                                Tollefsen, Richard
                    Reich, Joe                                     Wescoatt, Wren
                    Ritte, Anne                                    Wond, Edmund
                    Ritte, Walter & Lori                           Wond, Eleanor
                    Santos, Joe

































                   A Stu& of CommunLty-Based Hawaiian Fighgand RgAtoration and Use on Molokai                             farthplan
                   Repoit on Community Input                                                                     Exhibit A-], Page 2









                                                             Exhibit A-2

                                             Agenda for November 18th Meeting


                                    Governor's Task Force on Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration

                                           Cultural, Historic and Community Committee


                                                            Meeting on the
                                         Moloka'i Fishpond Study on Restoration and Use

                                                             November 18
                                                     Kalaiakamanu Hou Church
                                                               6:00 P.M.




                                          1. Welcome, Introduction and Meeting Purpose


                                                   2. Status of the Fishpond Study


                                                     3. Results Of Questionnaire


                                   4. Consultant Presentation Of Preliminary Recommendations


                                                 5. Discussion Of Recommendations


                                                  6. Understanding Of Agreements


                                                              7. Next Step















                  A Stu& of CommunLo-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Molokai                  faithplan
                  Report on Community Input                                                          ExhibitA-Z Page 1









                   Exhibit A-3


                   List of People Who Signed the Attendance Sheet


                   Governor's Task Force on Moloka'i Fishpond Restoration
                   Cultural, Historic & Community Committee
                   November 18, 1992


                   Adams, Cole                                  Hodgins, Pearl A.
                   Adams, Scott                                 Joy, Noelani
                   Ayase, Henry                                 Kealoha, Sam
                   Colon, Juanita N.                            Machado, Colette Y.
                   Colon, Nilani                                Nalco, Ray K.
                   Colon, Phyllis U. Jr.                        Phifer, Russel K.
                   Dunbar, Kip                                  Sabas, Clara B.
                   Halama, S.K.                                 Satatareo, Pilipo
                                                                Takamiya, Ted K.

                       A few meeting attendees did not sign the atten&nce sbeet.
































                   A Stu& of CommunLtitBased Hawaiian Fish-pond Restoration and Use on Molokai                    farthplan
                   Report on Community Input                                                             ErhibitA-3, Page I








                                                                 Exhibit A-4
                                       Moloka'i Fishpond Study on Restoration and Use
                                                      Responses to Questionnaire

                                  (Unless otheywise indicate4 people were asked to make one selection per question.)



                   1.       Of the total number of fishponds on Molokali, what portion should be
                            restored and maintained as "traditional?"

                            57% Fishponds should be restored and maintained traditionally only if this can
                                    be done economically and in a reasonable amount of time.

                            25 To   Other

                            24To    All of MolokaTs fishponds should be restored and maintained traditionally.

                            0 To    None of the fishponds need to be restored and maintained traditionally.


                   2.       How should a fishpond be restored?

                            61%     The original boundaries and design should be copied as much as possible.
                                    Changes in boundaries, design and materials can be made only if conditions
                                    in the environment make it necessary.

                            1801o   It's okay to change the boundaries, design and materials of fishponds, as long
                                    as Moloka'i has more working fishponds.

                            149o'   Fishponds should be restored to their original boundaries and original
                                    design, with the same types of materials originally used.

                            1201o   Other

                   3.       What construction methods are acceptable for fishpond restoration?

                            45%     It's okay to use modern heavy equipment, tools and techniques, providing
                                    appropriate regulations are followed.

                            33To    Only certain construction vehicles and tools should be allowed in fishpond
                                    restoration, and a list of allowable construction techniques should be
                                    followed.

                            149o'   Only manual labor and non-motorized tools should be allowed in restoring
                                    fishponds.

                            12%     Other






                   A Stu& of CommunLly-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Moloka I                       Earlh,21an
                   Repoit on Community Input                                                                 Exhibit A-4, Page I








                    4.       Who should pay for the restoration of private fishponds?

                             49%      The restoration of private fishponds can be paid for by a combination of
                                      government funding, private monies and community-based help.
                             1801o    Private businesses and private landowners should pay for the restoration of
                                      private fishponds.

                             1401o    Government funding should cover all expenses related to restoring private
                                      fishponds.

                             0 'Yo    A community-based not-for-profit organization should pay for the restoration
                                      of private fishponds.

                             12LYo    Other

                    5.       How should privately-owned and government-funded restored fishponds
                             be used?

                             65% These fishponds should be used to feed their ohana and for commercial
                                      purposes.

                             24LYo Other

                             10% These fishponds should be used for commercial purposes.only.

                             2 L7o    These fishponds should only be used to feed its ohana.


                    6.       Who should manage the State-owned rishponds?

                             51%      A community-based organization should produce a plan for managing all of
                                      Moloka'ils:rishponds, and then select caretakers for eachfishpond.

                             24 'Yo   On a case-by-case basis, the State should contract different ohana to be
                                      caretakers of the State fishponds.

                             189o'    State Department of Land and Natural Resources' employees should
                                      manage the fishponds.

                             12%      Other















                    A Stu& of CommunLti-Based Hawaiian Fishvond Restoration and Use on Molokal                               Earthiz1an
                    Repoyt on Community Input                                                                      Exhibit A-4, Page 2








                     7.       Who should use the restored State fishponds? (Respondents were asked to make two
                              choices.)

                              530/c    Both residents and commercial enterprises should be able to lease the
                                       State-owned fishponds.
                              3117o    Any Moloka'i family should be able to lease a State fishpond for subsistence.
                              24 L7o   All native Hawaiians who practice native gathering rights should be able to
                                       use the State fishponds.

                              18 6l'o  All Moloka'i residents should be able to have free access to, and use of, the
                                       State-owned fishponds.

                              4 LYo    Only the fishpond's caretaker ohana or manager should be able to use the
                                       State fishponds.

                              12To     Other


                     8.       If the State fishponds are used for commercial purposes, includ                              ing fee
                              fishing, what should happen to the profits?

                              430/v A portion of the profits to go to a community-based organization to be used
                                       for maintenance and other uses.

                              29To     The fishpond user should retain all of the profit.
                              18%      A portion of the profits should go back to the State.

                              16'Yo    Other
                     9.       What types of fishing methods and equipment should be allowed in a
                              fishpond?

                              55%      Fishers should use whatever legal means they choose, such as                 fishing poles,
                                       nets, traps and baskets.

                              18To     Fishers should only use early Hawaiian fishing methods and equipment, such
                                       as makahas and fish traps.

                              27%      Other














                     A Stu& of Communio@-Based Hawaiian Fishi2ond Restoration and Use on Molokaq                             Earthplan
                     Repoit on Community Input                                                                      ExhibitA-4, Page 3








                   10.     Not including subsistence and commercial uses, what other uses may be
                           acceptable for pri     vate fishponds?

                           67% All of the above.

                           37LYo   Educational purposes.

                           35 To   Scientific studies.

                           8 L7o.  Tourist attractions.

                           8 9o'   Other

                           0 To    None of the above.
                   11.     Not including subsistence and commercial uses, what other uses may be
                           acceptable f6r State rishponds?

                           73% All of the above.

                           29L7o   Educational purposes.

                           279o'   Scientific studies.

                           6 To.   Tourist attractions.

                           6 9o'   Other

                           0 LYo   None of the above.
                   12.     What should the permit(s) for fishpond restoration regulate? (Respondents
                           could have chosen as many as they liked.)

                           69% Dredging activities.

                           61%     Construction techniques.

                           5501o   Pond wall size, dimensions and material.

                           53%     Endangered species.

                           51%     Construction machinery.

                           4501o   Short-term and long-term water quality.
                           43%     Public access
                           3917o   Removal of mangroves.
                           3 7 LYo Management
                           359o'   Other
                           3 1 LYo Navigation






                   A Stu* of Communjo-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Moloka I                     Earthplan
                   Report on Community Input                                                              Exhibit A-4, Page 4








                        13.        To whom should you apply for fishpond permits? (Respondents could have chosen
                                   as many as they liked)

                                   73% A Moloka'i-based "Fishpond Commission"

                                   61% The State Department of Land and Natural Resources

                                   29% Moloka'i Planning Commission

                                   12% Other

                                   8% State Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)

                                   8% U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                                   4 09'     Maui County Public Works Department
                         14.       Who should enforce fishpond regulations? (Respondents could have chosen as many
                                   as they liked)

                                   67% A Molokal'i-based "Fishpond Commission"

                                   61% The State Department of Land and Natural Resources

                                   3% Moloka'i Planning Commission

                                   14% Other

                                   6% U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

                                   4% State Office of Hawaiian Affairs

                                   2% Maui County Public Works Department


                         15.       How should we stock our fishponds?

                                   76% Both of the above

                                   8%  Only catch from the wild

                                   6%  Seed-stock hatchery only

                                   10% Other












                        A Study of Community-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Moloka'i                                                Earthplan
                        Report on Community Input                                                                                      ExhibitA-4, Page 5



                       "Other" Responses

                                                                                                                 0                t
                                                                                                               b* bld 136"
                                             -AUM r.,:0                                                               ........
                                                  'be        .......  Po                                                          .. ....
                                                                        i@&M          I        bi                      :_,xin or      ....
                                                          f. ftifi`... d
                          ................
                                ..........
                       .......... ......

                                                                                                                       ... .... .. ..
                                                                                                                                  . ..... .... .
                                                                                               ..........                 ......
                                                       tra ti,       7,
                                                     . . .... .... ...




                       If it's poss ible to do "traditionally",                       Fishponds should be restored as long as
                       if not then by whatever means.                                 their is somebody willing to restore it,
                                                                                      can find the funds to do so and follows
                       The difficulty in obtaining numerous                           the guidelines prescribed.
                       permits from numerous agencies deter
                       the restoration & revitalization program -                     Some. "C", and others restored to
                       it must be modified & made clean.                              working ponds.


                       And no loss of beach access, no navi-                          Traditionally speaking, all fishponds
                       gation loss, no creation of private                            are sacred. Only after a petition, a
                       beach or reef area by wall, no erosion.                        hookupu, and an offering of thanks-
                                                                                      giving is given then the way is open.
                       All of Molokai's fishponds should be
                       restored and maintained as closely to                          I would like to see modem technology
                       our Hawaiian Traditions as possible.                           used with the traditional where it is
                                                                                      environmentally and economically
                       Restored if economical to do so but                            beneficial. To do everything "just as
                       should not be rezoned for higher use.                          the ancestors did" is called "tribal
                                                                                      thinldng! and emanates from a position of
                       A Molokai commission should oversee                            ignorance; i.e. "I must do it this way
                       restoration on a case by case basis.                           for the sole reason thay my ancestors
                                                                                      did it this way." Or "If it was good
                       Each pond should have a restoration                            enough for my father it's good enough
                       & maintenance plan which will fill its                         for me." Or "I must beat my children
                       economical needs.                                              because that's how my parents disciplined
                                                                                      me. Tribal thinking is balderdash!
                       2 or 3 traditional. All others leased
                       for commercial operation.                                      If and when ponds could be restored
                                                                                      traditionally by all means, but if the
                       Those fishponds which will serve eco-                          rocks are too large for individuals to
                       nomic, cultural, and/or educational pur-                       move safely, common sense dictate
                       poses should be restored in a planful                          the more efficient use of machinery.

                       manner.
                                                                                                    ... ......... .

                                                                             ............ ......... ........
                                             . .... ..... .
                                                                                      .. ........ I---- ........................ ................ . .....
                       Use only on-site roc1cs, original width,                       After all traditional acknowledgements
                       height, length.                                                are made, then and only then the restor-
                                                                                      ation based upon its original plan
                       Commission oversite review - all ponds                         begin.
                       are too different to "blanket statement"
                       future.                                                        As capable as the original pond builders were
                                                                                      times have changed, the surrounding areas
                       A historical survey should be done to                          and many of their changes are beyond our
                       insure the original design then a                              control. Again, common sense and
                      Irestoration plan can be made.                                  iscientific data should prevail.



                      A StudX of CommunLty-Based Hawaiian fiLshpond Restoration and Use on Molokqi                                        Earthplan
                      Repoit on Community Input                                                                                   ExhibitA-4, Page 6













                                                           .. ..... ....
                                                        .... ......
                                           t;       ... .......
                                                          c                                                                                      on.
                             3' '..@::twstru
                                                               on.:                                                                                                      ....... -
                               ..............
                                                                                                                         . . ........                              ......
                                                                                                                                                                      ............ .... .....-
                             .... ......                                                                                                      .......
                                                                                                                    ..........                           ......
                                                                                                                                                         ..........
                                                           ....................... .... .... .. ...... ......       ........                                       ...... ........
                                                                                      ............
                                                                                  . . .... .....                                                         ......
                                                                                                    ..........
                             ...... .... ........ ........ . .. .......                    ......
                                         ........ .. ... _ ___                     ;,,': .... ..
                             Mechanized-assisted restoration permit-                                        We should not use modem tools we should
                             ted provided conditions & proposed                                             do it as our forefathers did and prosper
                             activity support.
                                                                                                            Hire a professional private construc-
                             I am in favor of utilizing heavy equip-                                        tion firm, then hire Molokai people for
                             ment but an assessment should be made                                          Labor, keep construction money in Molo-
                             of the restoration/revitalization                                              kai. This will put Molokai people to
                             needs of each pond, including impact on                                        work and liability & injuries to be
                             environment with use of heave equipment.                                       absorbed by the company. Also firm to
                             One has to realize that the old                                                supply tools and equipment.
                             Hawaiians had manpower. In other words,                                        It's quite important as to whom the
                             the bigger the rocks, the more people                                          individual in charge. Knowing what to
                             were used, like the Egyptians and their                                        use in restoring the pond.
                             pyramids. If the area has strong currents
                             and subject to offshore pounding, then                                         A,B,C, depending on ownership - state,
                             bigger rocks have to be - to ensure                                            public, private & whos to do work,
                             stability. Lease equipment as the
                             situation and environment require.
                                                        ................ r- .....
                                                                                                                                                 .......... .      ......
                                                                                                                                    ...................... .. ... ...........
                                                                                                                                                                       ............
                                                                                                                                          . . . ........           ......................
                                                                                                                            n                                      ...............
                                                                                                                                                                   ...........
                                          04                                                                                                                       .............
                             4-
                                                                                                                                      .........         ---------- ......       .........
                                                ........... ... ..                                                                        ...... ......            ...       .......
                                                                                                  ............. ..........
                                                                     ...............
                                                                                                                                   ................................... ...... .... ...
                                                     ...........                                                 .......                            ..... .
                                                                         ..........                                                           . ..... ..           ..... ....... ..
                                                                                                                                                         .. .. .......... .. -.......-...,-.
                                                                                                                                          ...........                       .........
                             Only Hawaiian        s & part Hawaiian families                                With a short or long term plan you could
                             should own fishponds - therefore Govt.                                         probably be anybody.
                             should pay for restoration.
                                                                                                            Government funding & community based
                             Only if the pond will provide continuous                                       non- or profit entities.
                             jobs and food (fish) for the community
                             and keeping it economic for our economy.                                       State and Government funding, these
                                                                                                            lands were put in trust for the better-
                             Private pond, private pay, unless for                                          ment of the Hawaiians.
                             public use. Gov't. pond, Gov't. pay
                             unless lease for private use.                                                  In regards to something sacred, then
                                                                                                            no mention of pay to be mentioned,
                             If "d" is the case, then in the by-product                                     rather respect the private party be
                             and end product, the public has to                                             totally responsible.
                             receive benefit, and one way of doing
                             it is camping fees, fishing license, R&D                                       OHA, Alu Like, Sovereignty for
                             for students and private industries                                            Native Hawaiians
                             ithat have public benefit.









                             A Stuite of CommuniD-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Molokai                                                                      fanhplan
                             Repon on Community Input                                                                                                              ExhibitA-4, Page 7




                              .......... ....
                                                      ........ ..
                                                       :*: ;W@ @*:@an' dldyernm                Testi)r
                                              ya       0
                                                                                                      ............ .........
                              POA         jiu


                     No government funded for private fish                       Practice        Management.
                     ponds.                                                      Confusing question - not clear
                     Used to feed Ohana, commercial purpose
                     to provide operational expenses, and                        Question not understandable.
                     used for educational & cultural
                     purpose.                                                    There are no privately-owned and
                                                                                 government-owned fishponds. Since when
                     Open Market                                                 we humans claim ownership to what the
                                                                                 almighty God has made. Fishponds were
                     These fishponds should be used to feed                      created for the sole purpose of economic
                     their Ohana only & possible educate                         subsistence for the people.
                     other Hawaiians.
                                                                                 Native Hawaiians with help from OHA
                     I believe that the Ohana's thats working                    or Hawaiian Homeseader monies would be
                     that particular fishpond should decide.                     helpful.


                     Home use, commercial use,experimentation                    Because the ponds were not self-sufficient,
                     and research. Don't limit.                                  maintenance and repairs were neglected. Govt.
                                                                                 can't be expected to be the unlimited
                     Have one plan for use before this de-                       "deep pocket."
                     cission can be made.


                     Supplement Native Hawaiians diet for
                     free. 1 lb. per person per week or 2 lb.
                     per person per week, 10 lbs. per week,
                     whatever possible.

                                                                                                                               .... ........
                                                                                                                                   ...........
                                 'th                               VOM,
                                                              ............ 1.11 ....... .............                                  ......
                                                           ................ ......... ....... ........ ................. ......-...... .... . ....... .......
                                                                                                     ............. __,_ ...........
                     All open to public.                                         C looks good but, in my view the
                                                                                 Hawaiians should have the last say.
                     It should go to the families who used to
                     care for them during the King's time.                       Traditionally speaking it remains in
                     Handed down generation after generation.                    the care of the families of that
                     If the original families aren't inter-                      ahupua'a. If they are not there then
                     ested then it should go to other                            make an effort to find them.
                     Hawaiians interested.
                                                                                 All three of the above plans can be worked out.
                     A Molokai Base "Fishpond Commission"                        If only a ohana concpet is used for -, this
                                                                                 will create conflict because not every
                     Ohana caretakers, community organization                    person or - belongs to one ohana. If
                     or surrounding land owners should pro-                      it is a State pond, the options are varied,
                     duce management plan and be protected                       from leasing to outright _. Private ponds
                     by DLNR's regulations.                                      should never lose its private rights, but
                                                                                 it they choose to go public, so be it.
                     DLNR unless leased to (question 7)                          Ponsds should be for all to share, but
                     then primary management lies with lessee                    with enforceable guidelines. -


                                                                                 State should let the Hawaiians of the
                                                                                 johana system plan the fishpond management.

                     A Study of CommunLtL-Based Hawaiian Fish_p2nd Restoration and Use on Molokai                                 Earthplan
                     Report on Community Input                                                                          Exhibit A-4, Page 8









                                                                                                                 ..........-
                                         .@U                      h                                  . .....
                                            se.1h   4@i@At
                                                                   POO-"
                                                                                                                          ............. ...


                     Molokai residents & those commercial                       Families and Ohana from within the
                     interests which are "homegrown" on                         ahupuaa the fishpond is located in.
                     Molokai should be allowed to lease the
                     ponds.                                                     All Hawaiians should malama their
                                                                                fishponds in their own ahupuaa areas.
                     If closed to private party, pay rent
                     to - costs of rebuilding.                                  A, B, & C


                     The selected caretakers should determine                   Traditionally speaking, the fishponds
                     who uses - especially those who practice                   are sacred; it remains to the descretion
                     native gathering rights.                                   of the Konohiki, or Ohana.


                     Surrounding land owners and its district                   Perhaps one of the best ways of - is for
                     residents should be able to lease and                      the community where the ponds are located
                     have its say on its use.                                   are voted in by the community as "fishpond
                                                                                trustees." By the democratic process,
                                                                                trustees could be voted according to their
                                                                                lintegrity.
                                                ...... .................
                                                                  or:
                                                  ds.ar                commer                                 ..........
                                                                                                                          ..........-..............
                                                        ...........                                            ...............
                                                         ............. ......... ...       .. ............................. . .....-.....
                                                                                 . ...... .... ....... ....... ... ...
                                                                                            .......... ..
                     ............                                                           ........... .
                                                                                   ........... ...
                                                                                                 - :............
                                                  0                                                                       ...........
                                        WW:":s bld'hi"
                           ........ .. .......... &-,,                                         .. . .......
                                          .............      w.                                   . .. ......... . .
                                                                                                     .... ..... .............


                     Lessee pay rental fee to cover public                      Surrounding land owners and its district
                     expenses.                                                  residents should have say on any profits
                     Will there be profits during the start-                    if any.
                     up phase?? Profits should be kept as use                   Bad choices - find more options looking
                     will be paying for lease.                                  to - rules.

                     All profits should go to a community-                      The profits should be used to help other
                     based organization to be used for main-                    Hawaiians who need help to build and
                     tenance, etc. of the fishponds - only!                     restore.


                     Molokai Fishpond Commission.                               Wrong. No politicalization and profit-
                                                                                ability is to be taking place. it's like
                     Lease rent goes to state with portion                      prostituting the fishponds.
                     funneled back for community based
                     use-profit to leasee.                                      If a community based CO is used for management,
                                                                                then under a percentage base, R&D maintenance,
                                                                                repair, and the profits used as scholarships
                                                                                Ifor students in marine science, etc.











                     A Study of Communi(y-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Molokai                                 fay1hplan
                     R@poit on Community Input                                                                         ExhibitA-4, Page 9













                                                                                    .... .... .. .. .........                    ..... ..
                               a
                                                                S:Iffid!            S Wdbb         fto:w         fi h* nd?
                                                                                                               4: @ s pq
                                                      ...............  .. ....                                ...............
                                                                                                                        ................
                     All in a plus makahas & fish traps                         Commercial operations should use what-
                     if necessary.                                              ever is economical, Traditional more
                                                                                selective methods.
                     Fishing methods which are not destruc-
                     tive to the walls & infrastructure of                      Harvesting should be governed by the
                     the ponds, also limit the catch.                           management, preferably traditional
                                                                                with certain times allowed for other
                     This is the twentieth century - use what                   methods.
                     works best!
                                                                                Any methods and equipment not hostile
                     Fishers should use whatever legal means                    to the environment.
                     they choose but the amount they catch
                     should be limited to only what they                        Depending on Ownership, control, &
                     can use. No over fishing!                                  access fees, A & B.


                     It should be the Ohana's thats caring                      B. makes best sense. Early Hawaiians
                     for said pond to decide. All ponds                         respected the fishponds, they took
                     are different in size and depth.                           only enough for food.


                     Case by case commission determination                      Undecided -- don't know pros and cons
                     following pond restoration & intended
                     use.                                                       Since the ponds are for everybody and different
                                                                                people find pleasure in different methods,
                     Legal means as well as early Hawaiian                      allow this, but there has to be a bag limit.
                     fishing methods.
                                      U                       Afid'-Commerm
                                                                              AAS,e,sj::::. Mf@ii@!i
                                                                   .......... .........  .%.,'1..,...,. . _ .:_ .. ... _ I -    . .. . ....
                                                                                          .................. ....
                                                                                                 ................. .    ........-
                          ............ ..........                                                                             ......... .........
                                                                                      ........        .... .. .....  ... @:x:XX ... ... .
                                                                                                                           .............
                                                                                .....................         ........ .......
                      .......                       OUPPYA....,-f             . . ..... . .. ....
                        ..... .....
                           mav.                                                                                 ...............


                     Windsurfing, sailing, small boats,                         Allow residents to camp for a small fee
                     kayaks, canoes.                                            and if water, portable, chemical toilets
                                                                                and space are available. Aquaculture exchange
                     Owners Rights                                              programs with other countries. Israel,
                                                                                Thailand, Philippines and many other
                     #10 question no appropriate                                countries are heavy into aquaculture and
                     Commerical uses and tourist attractions                    they may have people that can head our
                     are the same                                               aquaculture programs.
                     Hawaiian gathering rights, no commerical uses
                     Native Hawaiian studies                                    Stock enhancement (release) Cultural
                     lEducational purposes based on survival.                   Center.





                     A Stu* of Commun Lty-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Molokai                                Earthplan
                     Report on Community Input                                                                       ExhibitA-4, Page 10







												11.  Not including substence and commercial uses, what other uses 
												    may be acceptable for State fish ponds					

                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                            Open to public at all times & beach                                                                                                                                                                    What? How come State fishpond? No!
                                                                            access not impeded.                                                                                                                                                                                    Belong to OHANA. Use for Educational
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   purposes based on survival.
                                                                            Substinence & commercial should be
                                                                            included.                                                                                                                                                                                              Recreational, R&D, campsites, fly
                                                                            And the betterment of the Hawaiian                                                                                                                                                                     casting and related sports fishing
                                                                            people                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                            12. What should the permits for fishpond restoriation regulate?                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                            None of the above                                                                                                                                                                                      All of the Above.

                                                                            Completion date                                                                                                                                                                                        Hawaiians no need permits whatsoever!


                                                                            Environmental protection, erosion,                                                                                                                                                                     No can regulate! Responsibility remains
                                                                            shoreline processes.                                                                                                                                                                                   with OHANA!


                                                                            I believe all aspects regarding fish-                                                                                                                                                                  Regulations are a must, but more
                                                                            ponds be regulated except navigation.                                                                                                                                                                  efficient regulation paperwork must be
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   in place. Red tape causes delay.
                                                                            Drag line.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Monies and job base should be given
                                                                            Whatever                                                                                                                                                                                               to the Hawaiians


                                                                            Anything that may cause problems later                                                                                                                                                                 Historic site preservation & intended

                                                                            on.                                                                                                                                                                                                    use.


                                                                            Overall environmental impact                                                                                                                                                                           Dept. of Ag. quarantine rules need to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   be adhered to.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  .... . .    -
                                                                            13. To whom should apply for fishpond permits?                                                         

												    Neighbor property owners 1/4 mile.                                                                                                                                                                     How come! All above corporate entity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   no own.
                                                                            A I stop process, to get all paperwork
                                                                            done.                                                                                                                                                                                                  A bonafide body that has representation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   from all segments and those who are
                                                                            Public hearing.                                                                                                                                                                                        not 'special interest" groups. Home rule is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   essential and if this could be realized,
                                                                            Native Hawaiian Fishpond Commission.                                                                                                                                                                   then this is a way to go.


                                                                            To the Native Hawaiian                                                                                                                                                                                





                                                                            A Study of Community-Based Hawaiian fishpond Restoration and Use on Moloka'i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Earthplan
                                                                            Report on Community Input                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             					ExhibitA-4, Page 11















                                                ......... ...
                     .......                   =6@ s b       "d     ula                          ........
                                                           on @xe

                                       ... ..........                         ......
                       ......... ..                                                                        ....... ......
                                                     .... ........               ........
                     All Molokai residents                                    The Native Hawaiian again.


                     Maui county land use & codes.                            OHANA maka ala so there is enough for
                                                                              eat.
                     Community & the public.
                                                                              The same group as the one forming
                     Native Hawaiian FishPond Commission.                     the Fishpond Board of Trustees.


                     Vague suggestion that the private lab                    Those that lived in the area should
                     should monitor long term environmental                   maintain fishponds. Ohana and Native Hawaiian
                     impacts.                                                 families.


                                                                               .. .............................
                                                                DOn&
                                               Sft

                                                                                       ..........
                                                                                                             ........... ..
                                                                                              .................
                                                                                                                          .......... . . ... ...
                                                                                       ..........
                                         ..............                                               ..........  ....... ......... ...... ....
                                                                         .. .. ......... ...... ............. ...... ................... ..........-. . ....
                                                  ............. ........... ...... ......
                                                                                                                     ........ ..
                                                                                                        ...........
                                                .. ....     ....... .................
                                                                                                                           . .............
                     Experimentation by permit with U.H.                      The makaha-gate technique, by hatchery
                     Marine Opp. approval.                                    and the "wild method." The
                                                                              "wild method" develops a stronger breed
                     Utilizing other ponds or a open makaha                   of fingerlings as they went thru the
                     system. (Depends on Mgmt.)                               "survival of fittest" natural way, therefore
                                                                              having smaller death rate; but the
                     B sounds good, but can cut down the                      hatchery method is more efficient and can be
                     Hawaiian way.                                            controlled scientifically. However, too
                                                                              highly efficient techniques upsets the
                     Replenish of fishpond may start with                     traditional methods of ecosystems and
                     hatchery, then from wild or traditional                  create other by-products. For example,
                     speaking keep some young ones for                        taape is a highly efficient fish in terms
                     breeding                                                 of adaptability procreation, and aggresive,
                                                                              free-for-all survival. But they have ventured
                                                                              into opakapaka and ehu grounds and have
                                                                              1harnessed these expensive fishes.



















                     A Stu& j2f CommuniD-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Molokai                               Earthplan
                     Repoit on Community Input                                                                      FxhibitA-4, Page 12









               Exhibit A-5

               Final Messages of the November 18 Meeting

               Community Input

                      I'm listening
                      Native Hawaiians should get hands-on experience at the fishponds- if they work on
                      fishpond, they'll get self esteem
                      I'm a beach landowner fronting an old fishpond
                      Permit under traditional system

                      I wanna go home

                      Streamline permit process to restore & revitalize fishponds,
                      Same as above with emphasis on Fishpond Commission - Let's establish parameters
                      to start Commission

                      Use all bad buzzwords positively
                      e.g. Traditionally fishponds do little to impact coastal drift, but may actually
                      accelerate sediment around the re-established pond wall

                      Not want Fishpond Commission invested in the Moloka'i Planning Commission -
                      beyond its capabilities
                      We want the world to know - especially regulators -- we are Hawaiians try mig to
                      develop fishponds; we are not typical developers. They should know differences

               Consultant Input


                      Important to Present Fishponds From Positive Aspects:
                      1) Enviroriment
                      2) Culture
                      3) Economics

                      Listen to community & not assume agencies will tell us
                      what to do

                      Recommendations for followup more important then what contract told us to do
                      There are short & long term goals to final destination of Fishponds - Long Term
                      Goals = Traditional

                      Permit Process Streamlined For All Ponds whether easy or hard
                      Community-based planning & enforcement is always best for the community, but it
                      is very difficult to achieve

                      "IMUX - Go forward


               A Study of Communio-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Molokal       Earthplan
               Repon on Community Input                                                  ErhibitA-5, Page I





























                                        APPENDIX B


                              MOLOKA'I FISHPOND DATA SHEETS











                                             MOLOKA'I FISHPOND DATA SHEETS



                The accompanying data sheets were developed to provide guidelines for the restoration of ancient
                Hawaiian fishponds on Moloka'i. They are based on a compilation of existing data in a computer
                database which has been sorted according to several parameters. These, in order of their priority,
                are:


                                A rating of condition (based on "COE", see below)
                                Pond acreage
                       0        Pond wall length

                The rationale for selection of these criteria is that, of all the factors which might be considered in
                terms of pond "restorability" (see discussion in Section 7 of final project report), these are the ones
                which have the most direct impact on ease of permit acquisition and cost of restoration. In addition,
                these parameters are known for the majority of ponds, which is not the case for many parameters
                which might otherwise be considered.

                The above criteria determine the order in which the ponds are ranked, and in which the data sheets
                appear. The information provided on each page, however, goes well beyond these criteria. Following
                is a brief explanation of the headings in the accompanying data sheets:

                (Number):               Gives the ranking of the pond in the hierarchy.

                FISHPOND NAME:          (self-explanatory)

                GTF SELECTION:                 Pond identified by Governor's Task Force (1992) as a candidate for
                                               restoration;
                                               Pond identified as "jump start" demonstration pond by Governor's
                                               Task Force
                                        (A blank indicates that the pond was not selected by the Task Force for the
                                        jump-start program).

                TMK                     Tax Map Key number.

                SITE                    Identifying number for fishpond sites as provided in Summers (1971).

                ACREAGE:                Pond basin area, in acres.

                AHUPUA'A:               Ahupita'a (traditional Hawaiian land division) in which pond is located.

                OWNER:                  Shows ownership of the fishpond property.

                ACOE PHOTO              Gives identifying number of aerial photo(s) which show the referenced pond
                                        as they appear in Molokai Coastal Resources Atlas (ACOE 1984).

                TYPE:                   Provides the Hawaiian descriptive term defining the type of pond.


                                                                   1









               DHM TYPE:                Provides the designation which describes the pond type, as given by DHM
                                        (1989).

               KIKUCHI TYPE:            Provides the designation which describes the pond type, as given by Yikuchi
                                        (1973).

               WALL LENGTH:             Shows pond wall length, in feet.

               MAKARA:                  Gives the number of makaha (sluice grates) or related structures.

               GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL
               GROUPING:                A numerical assignment reflective of the archaeological value or significance
                                        of specific ponds according to Estioko-Griffin (1987).

                                        0       1 = significant for information content and as excellent example of a
                                                site type or construction;

                                                11   significant for information content;

                                                III   pond destroyed.

               HISTORIC REGISTER
               RATING:                  Evaluates (in sequence) the following criteria:

                                        0       Association with events or broad patterns important in the history of
                                                an area.


                                                Association with the lives of persons significant in our past.

                                                Sites representing significant architectural achievement.

                                        0       Sites having yielded, or having the potential to yield information
                                                significant for our understanding of traditional culture, history,
                                                prehistory, and foreign influences on traditional culture and history.

                                        A "Y" indicates presence of the criterion; "N" indicates absence.

               MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY
               RATING:                  Based on Madden and Paulsen (1977), various factors such as water quality,
                                        biological criteria, and existing management for aquacultural production, are
                                        considered. The numeric scale used is as follows: 1) excellent, 2) good, 3) fair,
                                        4) poor.

               RATINGS SECTION


               This section deals with an interpretation of photographic information, written descriptions, or numeric
               values which are presented by various researchers in documenting pond condition. The ratings consist
               of a cumulative rating which describes overall pond condition and specific ratings which deal with

                                                                    2









                certain aspects of pond condition. Specific ratings are provided for degree of siltation, degree of
                vegetative encroachment (mostly by mangrove), and condition of pond walls. The specific ratings,
                when given, are on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being the condition closest to optimum (needing least
                work for restoration). The following descriptions apply to the ratings obtained from each source:

                        0         COE: Values presented here indicate a cumulative average based on degree of
                                  siltation, degree of vegetative encroachment, and wall condition for each pond.
                                  Determinations are based on visual interpretation of 1975 aerial photographs (ACCIE
                                  1984). In some instances, interpretation is also guided by descriptive legends supplied
                                  on the photographs. 1 =poorest overall condition;5 =best overall condition.

                         0        DHM: Values presented as cumulative are based on the classification by DHM
                                  (1989) as follows:

                                  1:      Wall good to excellent, minimal siltation, at least 3 National Register criteria.

                                  IIA:    Wall fair to good, moderate siltation, moderate vegetative encroachment, 3 or
                                          less National Register criteria.

                                  IIB:    Wall fair to poor, heavy siltation, or completely filled, vegetation encroaching
                                          on most or all of fishpond, 3 or less National Register criteria.

                                  III:    No visible surface remains, but location known.

                                  IV:     Reported in literature, but no location known.

                                  The values presented under specific parameters are derived by assigning a numeric
                                  value to these parameters based on written descriptions, where given.

                         0        SUMMERS: Values presented are based on interpretation of written descriptions
                                  provided in Molokai.- A Site Survey (Summers 1971).

                                  APPLE/KIKUCHI: Values are those assigned by Apple and Kikuchi (1975) to reflect
                                  level of pond integrity. They are based on adding numeric ratings of overall condition
                                  of pond basin (including pond walls), contents (referring to water characteristics,
                                  sediment, etc.) and setting, or ecological habitat, for each pond. Numbers assigned
                                  for each criterion vary on a scale of 0.1 to 1.0; addition of ratings for the three criteria
                                  gives a maximum possible rating of 3.0 representing the condition closest to ideal.

                                  GRIFFIN: The values presented for the three specific criteria are the result of
                                  assigning numeric values to each parameter, based on written descriptions in Estioko-
                                  Griffin (1987). The cumulative values are simply the averages of the specific values.

                                  MADDEN/PAULSEN: Note that this differs from the productivity rating presented
                                  above. The authors (Madden and Paulsen 1977) group ponds according to the
                                  amount of restoration which would be required. Their numeric assignments are
                                  organized as follows: 1) no modifications required, 2) maintenance required, 3) major
                                  maintenance or repair required, 4) reconstruction required, and 5) unavailable.

                                                                       3




   I
   I          COMMENTS
   I          Additional miscellaneous information of interest on specific ponds is provided under this heading.
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   1                                                         4
   1







      FISHE-Q,qD NAME: Honouliwai                      GTF SELECT ION
                     : 5-8-02:68
      SITE :4        : 233
      ACREAGE        : 0.6
      -AHl,,lPv)A-A  : Honouliwai
      O@\N, ER       : S tate
      ACOE PHOTO #   : 1-202

      TYPE                             : loko 'ume' iki
      D41M TYPE                        : V
      KIKUC HI TYPE                    : Vdi
      WALL LENGTH   (F-1)              : 360
      MAKAHA                           : 0
  t   GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:   I!
      HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
      MADDEN PRODIJ(-,'TIVITY RATING                                APPLE/               MADDEN/
                              C 0 r..",   DHL'l       SUM11ERS     KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN PAUL-SEN

                              ---------------------------------------------------------------


      CUMULATIVE RATINGS:     3.5         2S            1.5                    2



      SILT                    3.5         2                                     --


      VEGETATION              4


      @AIALILIJ CONDITION


      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------







      ---------------------------------------------------------------------7 --------------------------








	   2	- 		

        FISHPOND NAME     : Kaumanamana                           GTF SELECTION :
        TMK #             : 5-1-02: 4
        SITE              : 77
        ACREAGE           : 3
        'AHUPUA'A         : Kaluak' i
        OWNER             : Private
        ACOE PHOTO #      : 1-311


        TYPE                                    : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE						: I
        KIKUCHI TYPE					:
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                        : 700A
        MAKAHA


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:        : II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING 			:
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING              :                                  

						COE	DHM	SUMMERS	 APPLE/	GRIFFIN	MADDEN/
										KIKUCHI                 PAULSEN                                                                          
                                    ---------------------------------------------------------------



        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:		3.3	2B					1.8					
                                                                                            


        SILT				3	2					2			


        VEGETATION                  5     2					--
		

        WALL CONDITION              2	2					1.5	                                                             





        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
        Wall basalt with coral pelbble core






        --------------------------








	  3.
        FISHPOND NAME       : Kaoini                                       GTF SELECTION:
        TMK                 : 5-4-03:23
        SITE                : 136A
        ACREAGE             : 9.3
                                
        'AHUPUA'A           : Makakupaia II
        OWNER               : Private
        ACOE PHOTO          : 1-263;1-261

        TYPE                                         : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                                     : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                                 : I
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                             : 1770
        MAKAHA

        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING 	   :YNYY
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :                          
						                       		 APPLE/                 MADDEN/ 
                                         COE	DHM	SUMMERS	KIKUCHI       GRIFFIN 	PAULSEN
                                         ---------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:              3.3            2B          1.5                     1.5


        SILT               	           3.5            3.3                                  --


        VEGETATION                       5              3.3       				   --  
                                           
        WALL CONDITION			     1.5		  3.3		  1.5				  1.5






        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:







        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------











        4 -
       FISHPOND NAME  : Kanoa                          GTF SELECTION :
       TMK #          : 5-4-17:49; or 5-4-03-23??                     
       SITE #         : 137     
       ACREAGE        : 50
       'AHUPUA'A      : Kawela    
       OWNER          : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #   : 1-261;1-259           

       TYPE                              : loko kuapa 
       DHM TYPE                          : I   
       KIKUCHI TYPE                      : Ia  
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                  : 2860    
       MAKAHA                            : 2 


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 4


                                                                       APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                COE         DHM          SUMMERS      KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN    PAULSEN

                                --------------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      3.3	        2B           2              1.20      2         4       



       SILT                     4           3.5                                   --        


       VEGETATION               3.5         3.5                                   --      


       WALL CONDITION           2.5         3.5          2                        2 






       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Core-filled construction





       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------












       FISHPOND NAME    : 'Ali'i                             GTF SELECTION :
       TMK #            : 5-4-06:25
       SITE #           : 135
       ACREAGE          : 27 (16MADD)
       'AHUPUA'A        : Makakupaia I         
       OWNER            : HHL
       ACOE PHOTO #     : 1-265;1-263         

       TYPE                                : loko kuapa      
       DHM TYPE                            : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                        : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                    : 2700
       MAKAHA                              : 2


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING     : Ia
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING            :
       MAEDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING        : 3


                                                                        APPLE/              MADDEN/
                                 COE          DHM         SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN  PAULSEN

                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       3.2          2A          2            1.70        2.3      3                    



       SILT                      3.5          3           2                        1.5


       VEGETATION                2.5          3           2                        1.5


       WALL CONDITION            3.5          3                                    4





       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:	
       Wall 4 ft. wide, 3.5 ft high: pert of west wall rebuilt in recent years; pond in 
       good condition despite encroachment by mangrove and filling by silt, which 
       greatly reduces usable area.
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


~0










        ~
       FISHPOND NAME                                           ~qGT~qF ~I~qS~qELECTION
       THY it             5-7-~q0~1
       SITE               226B
       ACREAGE
        AHU~qP~qUA~'A          W~ai~alua
       OWNER              State
       ACO~E PHOTO         1-20~q8~;~1~-206

       TYPE                                 ~:~ql~o~qko ~qk~i~lap~a
       DHM, TYPE                            ~:I
       KIKUCHI TYPE
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                      400
       ~MA~KAHA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:      II
       ~     ~RATING
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                          APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                  COE         DH~2qM           SUMMERS       KIKU~qCH T     GRTFFIN PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:



       ~S ~1 ITT                    ~q3


       VEGETATION                 ~q3


       WALL CONDITION




       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       COMMENTS:
       T~t~-~~,~qlly submerged





       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 










        7 -
       FISHPOND NAME : Kahinapohaku               GTF SELECTION : **
       TMK #         : 5-8-01:2       
       SITE #        : 228     
       ACREAGE       : 4  
       'AHUPUA'A     : Moanui         
       OWNER         : State
       ACOE PHOTO #  : 1-206;1-204          

       TYPE                                : loko kuapa  
       DHM TYPE                            : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                        : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                    : 1100
       MAKAHA                              :


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING     : II                 
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING            :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING          :                           APPLE/                  MADDEN/       
                                 COE        DHM         SUMMERS       KIKUCHI       GRIFFIN    PAULSEN

                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       3          2B          1                           1



       SILT                      2          2                                       --


       VEGETATION                4          2                                       --


       WALL CONDITION            3          2           1                           1





       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:       
       Only foundation remains





       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



         FISHPOND NAME   : Kaloko'iki                                      GTF SELECTION :
         TMK #           : 5-6-08:20
         SITE            : 157
         ACREAGE         : 6
         'AHUPUA'A       : Wawaia
         OWNER           : Private
         ACOE PHOTO #    : 1-236;1-234

         TYPE                           : loko kuapa
         DHM TYPE                       : I
         KIKUCHI TYPE                   : Ial
         WALL LENGTH (FT)               : 1500
         MAKAHA                         : 0


         GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: I
         HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       : YNYY
         MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 3                              
                                                                                APPLE/             MADDEN/
                                            COE             DHM     SUMMERS    KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN  PAULSEN

                                            --------------------------------------------------------------


         CUMULATIVE RATINGS:                3               2A        1.5       <1.00       2.3      2



         SILT                               1               3-5       2                     2


         VEGETATION                         4               3.5                             -


         WALL CONDITION                     4               3.5       1                     2.5
        






         ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


         COMMENTS:
         Wall core-filled construction






         --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



       9 - 
       FISHPOND NAME    : Kaina 'ohe                             GTF SELECTION:
       TMK #            : 5-6-05:22
       SITE #           : 160
       ACREAGE          : 17?
       'AHUPUA'A        : Kaamola
       OWNER            : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #     : 1-234;1-232
   
       TYPE                           : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                       : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                   : Ial
       WALL LENGTH (FT)               : 1770
       MAKAHA                         : 2


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       : YNYY
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 4
                         

                                                                                                                                                          D
                                                                               APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                  COE          DHM           SUMMERS       KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN    PAULSEN                                  ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                  -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        3            2A                2.5           2.05        3          3  



       SILT                       3            3.5                                         3.5


       VEGETATION                 3            3.5                                         


       WALL CONDITION             3            3.5                                         2.5





       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Wall core-Filled construction


         10 -
         FISHPOND NAME       : Ka'opeahina                         GTF SELECTION :
         TMK #               : 5-7-09:1
         SITE #              : 190
         ACREAGE             : 19-7
         'AHUPUA'A           : Kaluaaha
         OWNER               : Private
         ACOE PHOTO #        : 1-223


         TYPE                           : loko kuapa
         DHM TYPE                       : I
         KIKUCHI TYPE                   : Ic
         WALL LENGTH (FT)               : 1770
         MAKAHA                         : 0


         GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: I
         HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       : YNYY
         MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 2                                  
                                                                                    APPLE/            MADDEN/
                                         COE             DHM           SUMMERS      KIKUCHI  GRIFFIN  PAULSEN

                                         ---------------------------------------------------------------------


         CUMULATIVE RATINGS:             3               1              1.5          1.60     3.8



         SILT                            2               4.3                                  3.5


         VEGETATION                      4               4.3                                  -- 


         WALL CONDITION                  3               4.3                                  4






         ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


         C0MMENTS:
         Miniaml silt, minimal vegetation: excellent wall. 4-7 ft. wide, 5-8 ft. high,
         rebuilt after 3 tsunami




           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 
        11 - 
       FISHPOND NAME : Kaloko'eli                            GTF SELECTION:
       TMK #         : 5-4-02:14
       SITE #        : 133
       ACREAGE       : 28.2
       'AHUPUA'A     : Kamiloloa
       OWNER         : State
       ACOE PHOTO #  : 1-269

       TYPE                           : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                       : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                   : la
       WALL LENGTH (FT)               : 2800
       MAKAHA                         : 2
       

       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: I
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       : YNYY
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 3


                                                                       APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                COE         DHM          SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      3           2A            1.5          2-00          5        3



       SILT                     3           3                                        --


       VEGETATION               3           3             2.5                        --


       WALL CONDITION           3           3             2                          5






       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Small wall breaches at low tide, moderate Silt, one-third of walls (eastern      
       portion) overgrown; wall rebuilt twice: bordered by residential development


    - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 








        12 -
       FISHPOND NAME    :Keawanui                             GTF SELECTION
       TMK $t           :5-6-06:8
       SITE             :163
       ACREAGE          :54-5 (73.0, Griffin)
       'AHUPUA'A        :Kaamola
       OWNER            :Private
       ACOR PHOTO #     :1-228;1-232

       TYPE                                : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                            : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                        : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                    : 2000


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:      I
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING            : MY
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING          : 4


                                                                          APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                 COE          DHM           SUMMERS      KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                 --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       3            1              3              1.45       3.7       3



       SILT                      2            3.7                                      3.5


       VEGETATION                4            3.7                                      4

       WALL CONDITION            3            3.7                                      3.5




       -----------------------------------------------------------------       :------------7 ----------

       COMMENTS:
       Built by Lohelohe ca. 1575; being restored by Kamehameha Schools; largest
       existing pond on Molokai










         13 -
        FISHPOND NAME: --                               GTF SELECTION:
        TMK #        : --
        SITE #       :193
        ACREAGE      :--
        'AHUPUA'A    :Kaluaaha
        0WNWE        :State
        ACOE PHOTO   :1-223;1-221


        TYPE         :  loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE     :I
        KIKUCHI TYPE :
        WALL LENGTH (FT):3025
        MAKAHA       :1


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:       II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :                                       APPLE/               MADDEN/
                                   COE          DHM            SUMMERS   KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN     PAULSEN

                                   --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      2.8          2 B              1                           1



        SILT                       3           2                                         --
                                              


        VEGETATION                 4            2                                        --


        WALL CONDITION             1.5          2                                         1   


        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        COMMENTS:
 










        14
       FISHPOND :--                          GTF SELECTION: *
       TMK #    :5-7-03
       SITE #   :--
       ACREAGE  :1.0?
      'AHUPUA'A :Waia1ua
       OWNER    : State
       ACOE PHOTO # :1-206;1-204

       TYPE                              :loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                          : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                      :
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                  :  500
       MAKAHA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:     II
       HISTORIC REGISTER PATING       :  
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                          APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                 COE         DHM          SUMMERS     KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                 --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       2.8                                                 1.5



       SILT                      2                                                   --
    

        VEGETATION                4                                                  --


       WALL CONDITION            2.5                                                 1.5





       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Although no number assigned. wall foundation present. visible in 1975
       photo; adjoins Kahinapohaku




       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 




































           -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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                                                                                          0 1 Ir') 0 J @a
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                                     L
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           - - --- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -






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                       9 T                      7,                                          ITIrl 15



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           --------------------------------------------------------------
           NHsrlAvd Nidalzi-D  !HDMiI31    SEHH@@,MS        @E-IG      Rol)



                                                                      1.),NIJIVH AIIAIMIGOHd NHGC-VW
                                                                        DMIVE HISIOH DIKISIH
                                                                                          tqI9JIHt.)


                                                                                           VHV)IVW
                                                            SL9T:               (JA) HIONYT rnVM
                                                            T'e I:                  Hdll IHDnyi)i
                                                              I :                       RdId WHI
                                                     Pdp.n,4 OYPT:                           Hd)d


                                                                            GZ7-T     OJ,OHd SOOV
                                                                                           , LITH N, @ 10
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                                                                   ((Igv"4-j GT) @3       HrDVHKV
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                                                                                   RIWWN (INOIHSIq
                                           D
                                                                                             9T











        16 -
       FISHPOND NAME  : Naninaniqku'eku'e                  GTF SELECTION:
       TMK #           : 5-1-02:4
       SITE #          : 79
       ACREAGE        : 22
       'AHUPUA'A      : Kaluako'i
       OWNER          : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #   : 1-309;1-307

       TYPE                              :loko une'iki
       DHM TYPE                          :V
       KIKUCHI TYPE                      :Vc
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                  :2600
       	
MAKAHA                             :8 lanes


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:  II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :        
                                                                         APPLE/         MADDEN/
                               COE         DHM          SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                               --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:     2.8         2B                                    2 



       SILT                    2             2                                      2


       VEGETATION              3.5          2                                      --


       WALL CONDITION          3           2                                     2






       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       COMMENTS:










       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 









        17 -
       FISHPOND NAME  : --                                   GTF SELECTION:
       TMK            : 5-1-02-:4
       SITE           : 80
       ACREAGE        :23
       'AHUPUA'A      : Kaluako'i
       OWNER          : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #  : 1-307;1-305

       TYPE                 : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE             : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE         :la
       WALL LENGTH (FT)     :--
       MAKAHA               :


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:    II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :


                                                                       APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                COE         DHM          SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                --------------------------------------------------------------



                                                                                    
       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      2.8         2B           1.8                       1.3



       SILT                      3           2            1                          1


       VEGETATION               2            2             1                       1.5


       WALL CONDITION          3.5           2            3.5                      1.5





       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:







       ---------------------------------- I--------------------------------------------------------
 









         18-
       FISHPOND NAME    :Ni'aupala                            GTF SELECTION:
       TMK#            :5-7-07:8 or 5-6-08:8??
       SITE#            :192
       ACREAGE          :34
       'AHUPUA'A        :Kaluaaha
       OWNER            :Private
       ACOE PHOTO#     :1-223;1-221

       TYPE                                : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                            : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                        : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                    : 1975
       MAKAHA                              : 2


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:     I
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :  2


                                                                           APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                 COE          DHM       SUMMERS       KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                                       2.8
       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       2.8          2B             1.5           1.80                 2-3



       SILT                      2            3                                        2


       VEGETATION                3.5          3                                 --


       
       WALL CONDITION            3            3                                 3.5  





       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Core-filled wall construction:pond still in use (as of '74)





       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










           
          19-
       FISHPOND NAME   :     --                              GTF SELECTION:
       TMK #          :5-6-09:
       SITE#          :156
       ACREAGE        :  40
       'AHUPUA'A      : Wawaia
       OWNER          :  State
       ACOE PHOTO#    : 1-236


       TYPE                              : loko umeiki
       DHM TYPE                          : V
       KIKUCHI TYPE                      : Vb1
       WALL LENGTH (FT.)                 : 2990
       MAKAHA                            : 8+ lanes


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:    II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       : 
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :                                 APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                COE         DHM          SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      2.8         2B                                     1



       SILT                     1           2                                      --


       VEGETATION               4           2                                      -- 


       WALL CONDITION           3.5         2             .5                       1





       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:  
        
       







       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










        20-
       FISHPOND NAME     :'Ohalahala                         GTF SELECTION : *
       TMK  #           : 5-8-01:3
       SITE            :  2:31
       ACREAGE         : 1.5
       'AHUPUA'A       : Kumimi
       OWNER           : State
       ACOE PHOTO#    : 1-204

       TYPE                                :loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                           :I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                        :I
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                    :--
       MAKAHA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:  II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING	:
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING	:


                                                                         APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                 COE         DHM        SUMMERS        KIKUCHI	GRIFFIN	PAULSEN
                                                                            

                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       2.7       2B		   1					1
   
        SILT                      3		 2							--

       VEGETATION                4		 2							--

       WALL CONDITION            1		 2							1





         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
	 Pond destroyed, not visible in aerial photo


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


~0







         21
        FISHPOND NAME     : Halemahana                               GTF S~qRL~qECTION
        T~MK               : 5-~q6~-03:~q3~q5
        SITE              : 184
        ACREAGE           : 3.3
        ~~qAHUPUA~'A         ~: ~qu~p~-~ql~-~a~-~pue
        OWNER             ~: State
        ACO~E PHOTO ~q#      : 1~-~q2225


        TYPE                                    : l~oko ku~apa
        D~I~~q1~1 TYPE                              ~: I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                            ~: Ia~q"
        WALL LENGTH (~qFT~q)                        : 725
        ~qMAKA~qHA                                  ~: 2~7~,


        GRIFFIN ARCH~qAE~qOL(~q)GI~qCAL GROUPING:         II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                                 APPLE/                   ~2qM~!~qADDE~qN/
                                     C ~q0 ~qE         DH~6qM            SUMMERS         ~qKIKUCH~I~L      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                     --------------------------------------------------------------


        C~qM~JLATIV~6qE RATINGS:           2.7           2B               ~q1                            ~q1



        SILT                         2             2                                             --


        VEGETATION                                 2


        WALL CONDITION





        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




                                          --,me f~ound~a~ql~-~Jon v~qi~2ib~ql~e~, pond ~u~se~qj ~o~o~n~qn~m~er~ci
        ~~nd ~,~,~7a~'~,~ql               ~0~,~,~Iy ~5





        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 









        22 -
        FISHPOND NAME   : Kula'alamihi                       GTF SELECTION
        TMK #           : 5-7-04:34
        SITE #          : 214
        ACREAGE         : 4
         AHUPUA'A       : Honomuni
        OWNER           : Private
        ACOE PHOTO #    : 1-215;1-214

        TYPE                                 :loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                             :I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                         :--
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                     :--
        MAKAHA                               :0


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: I
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 4                      
									               APPLE/              MADDEN/
                                  COE       DHM        SUMMERS       KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       2.7       2B         2             1.25        1.3       4



        SILT                      2         2          2                         1.5


        VEGETATION                3.5       2                                    --


        WALL CONDITION            2.5       2                          		   2.5





        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS :
        Wall is multiple stacked construction




        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










       23 -
       FISHPOND NAME  : Wehelau ulu                     GTF SELECTION :
       TMK #          : --
       SITE #         : 170
       ACREAGE        : 8
       `AHUPUA`A      : Manawai
       OWNER          : State
       ACOE PHOTO #   : 1-228;1-227

       TYPE                            : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                        : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                    : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                : 1770
       MAKAHA                          : 3


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:  II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :


                                                                    APPLE/            MADDEN/
                               COE        DHM         SUMMERS      KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                               --------------------------------------------------------------



       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:     2.7        2B            1                      1.5



       SILT                    2.5        2 						 --


       VEGETATION              4          2                                    --


       WALL CONDITION          1.5        2                                    1.5






       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:







       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------



24 -
FISHPOND NAME : Kaunahiko'oku						GTF SELECTION:
TMK#		  : 5-6-04:28
SITE #	  : 165
ACREAGE	  : 13
'AHUPUA'A	  : W. 'OHI'a
OWNER		  : Private
ACOE PHOTO #  : 1-228;1-227

TYPE					 : loko umeiki
DHM TYPE				 : V
KIKUCHI TYPE			 : Vb
WALL LENGTH (FT)			 : 2000
MAKAHA				 : 11 lanes

GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: I
HISTORIC REGISTER RATING	 :
MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING 	 :

												APPLE/				MADDEN/
						COE		DHM		SUMMERS	KIKUCHI	GRIFFIN		PAULSEN

CUMULATIVE RATINGS:			2.7		2B		1				2		

SILT						2		2						--

VEGETATION					4		2						--

WALL CONDITION				2		2		1				2



-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


COMMENTS:


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

~0







        25 -
        FISHPOND NAME   : Kanu~qhu~awa                            GTF SELECTION
        T~t~L~K            : 5-5~-01:12
        SITE            : 148
        ACREAGE         : 29
        ~AHUPUA~'A       : Ka~2qpua~ok~o~ola~o~,
        OWNER           : Private
        ACOE PHOTO      : 1-249~q;1~-247

        TYPE                                : l~oko umeiki
        DH~M TYPE                            ~: V
        KIKUCHI TYPE                        ~: ~'~qVb
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                    : 2300
        ~qMAKAHA                              : 14 lanes


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:      II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                          APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                  COE          DH~2qM           SUMMERS       KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       2.7          2B             ~q1                          ~1-5



        SILT                      ~qJ~.~r~'         2                                         --


        VEGETATION                4            2


        WALL CONDITION            2.5                         ~q1                          ~1~.5






        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:







        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 


26
FISHPOND NAME	: --								GTF SELECTION:
TMK #			: --
SITE #		: 166
ACREAGE		: 8
'AHUPUA'A		: W. 'Ohi'a
OWNER			: State
ACOE PHOTO #	: 1-288;1-227

TYPE						: ?
DHM TYPE					:
KIKUCHI TYPE				: --
WALL LENGTH (FT)				: --
MAKAHA					:

GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING 	: II
HISTORIC REGISTER RATING		:
MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING		:

													APPLE/				MADDEN/
						COE		DHM		SUMMERS		KIKUCHI		GRIFFIN	PAULSEN

CUMULATIVE RATINGS:			2.5		3		1						1

SILT						2.5		1								--

VEGETATION					4		1								--

WALL CONDITION				1		1								1



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


COMMENTS:


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------











       FISHPOND NAME   : Kawi'u                              GTF SELECTION:
       TMK             : 5-5-01:39
       SITE            : 146
       ACREAGE         : 12
       'AHUPUA'A       : Makolelau
       OWNER           : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #    : 1-251;1-249

       TYPE                          : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                      : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                  : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)              : 1700
       MAKAHA                        : 2


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:      II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :                                     APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                 COE          DHM           SUMMER         KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN     PAULSEN

                                -------------------------------------------------------------------------------



       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        2.5          2B                                       2



       SILT                      1.5          ?                                        --


       VEGETATION                4            ?


       WALL CONDITION            2     	    ?                                         2





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



 COMMENTS:


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------








                                                   











         28
        FISHPOND NAME    : Kupeke                                GTF SELECTION
        TMK              : 5-7-06:1
        SITE             : 206
        ACREAGE          : 34 (MADD 25)
        AHUPUA'A        : Kupeke
        OWNER            : Private
        ACOE PHOTO #     : 1-217


        TYPE                                  : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                             : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                         : Ial
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                     : 2210
        MAKAHA                                :1


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:       : I
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING               :YNYY
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING		     :	


                                                                               APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                    COE          DHM           SUMMERS        KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN    PAULSEN

                                    --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:         2.5          2A             3.5            1.90         3.3        2-3



        SILT                        1.5          3.5							   3	
									

                
        VEGETATION                3.5          3.5							   --

	
        WAll CONDITION 		    2.5		3.5							  3.5





        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:

	  Freshwater stream east of pond, wall fair to good; silt minimal to moderate;
	  vegetation minimal; AA waters; still in use; one of 3 best ponds in Hawaii
	  (Summers 71); wall is multiple stacked construction.


        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










         29
        FISHPOND NAME :   Panahaha                           GTF SELECTION:
        TMK             : 5-5-01:21
        SITE              147
        ACREAGE           36
        'AHUPUA'A        Makolelau
        OWNER             Private
        ACOE PHOTO        1-249;1-247

        TYPE                               : loko umeiki
        DHM TYPE                           : V
        KIKUCI TYPE                      : Vb
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                   : 3150
        MAKAHA                               9 of 17 lanes reported by Summer

             
        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:     I
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING	   : 
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :                                    APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                  COE         DHM           SUMMERS       KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                  ---------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       2.5         2B             1.5                       2.5



        SILT                      1.5         2							    --	


        VEGETATION                4           2				                       --


        WALL CONDITION           2           2              1.5                       2-5






        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
        Wall extensively collapsed and only about .5 m above water at minus tides;
        stacked 'a'a construction




        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


30
FISHPOND NAME	: Waihilahila				GTF SELECTION:
TMK #			: 5-7-06:27
SITE #		: 213
ACREAGE		: 4
'AHUPUA'A		: Kailiula
OWNER			: Private
ACOE PHOTO #	: 1-215;1-214

TYPE							: loko kuapa
DHM TYPE						: I
KIKUCHI TYPE					: Ia3
WALL LENGTH (FT)					: --
MAKAHA						: 0

GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING		: II
HISTORIC REGISTER RATING			:
MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING			: 4

												APPLE/					MADDEN/
					COE		DHM		SUMMERS		KIKUCHI		GRIFFIN		PAULSEN

					--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CUMULATIVE RATINGS:		2.3		2B					1.25			2			4

SILT					2		3.3								2

VEGETATION				2		3.3								--

WALL CONDITION			O		3.3								2


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


COMMENTS:


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------











	     31			
           FISHPOND NAME             :  Kinaloko                                                  GTF SELECTION:
           TMK                       :  5-7-06:22
           SITE                      :  212
           ACREAGE                   :  5
           AHUPUA'A                  : Ahaino II
           OWNER                     :  Private
           ACOE PHOTO #              :  1-215;1-214

           TYPE                                                     :  loko kuapa
           DHM TYPE                                                 :  I
           KIKUCHI TYPE                                             :  II
           WALL LENGTH (FT)                                         :
           MAKAHA


           
           GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:    II
           HISTORIC REGISTER RATING		:
           MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :    4            
                                                                         			
						
														   APPLE/				MADDEN/	
                                                     COE     DHM       SUMMERS         KIKUCHI       GRIFFIN     PAULSEN

                                                     -------------------------------------------------------------------


           CUMULATIVE RATING:                       2.3       2B					1.25		1.5		4                                                 
    

           SILT                                      2        3.2							1.5                                                            1.5


           VEGETATION                                2.5      3.2							1.5                                                            1.5


                                                                         
           WALL CONDITION                            2.5      3.2							1.5                                                                         1.5





           -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


           COMMENTS:
           Multiple-stacked wall construction





           ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




32 -
FISHPOND NAME	: Kalua'aha						GTF SELECTION: *
TMK #			:
SITE #		: 188
ACREAGE		: 13
'AHUPUA'A		: Kaluaaha
OWNER			: State
ACOE PHOTO #	: 1-225;1-223

TYPE				: loko kuapa
DHM TYPE			: I
KIKUCHI TYPE		: Ia
WALL LENGTH			: 2110
MAKAHA			: 4

GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:  II
HISTORIC REGISTER RATING	 :
MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING	 :

											APPLE/					MADDEN/
				COE		DHM		SUMMERS		KIKUCHI		GRIFFIN		PAULSEN
				--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CUMULATIVE RATINGS:	2.3		2B		1						1.5

SILT				1		2								1.5

VEGETATION			3.5		2								--

WALL CONDITION		2.5		2		1						1.5


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


COMMENTS:
Only foundation remains; submerged


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------









         33
        FISHPOND NAME   : Mahilika                               GTF SELECTION
        TMK #           :5-7-10:31
        SITE #          :139
        ACREAGE           :13.3
        'AHUPUA'A         :Kaluaaha
        OWNER           :State
        ACOE PHOTO #      :1-223


        TYPE                                  : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                              : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                          : Ia2
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                      : 1760
        MAKAHA                                : 3


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:    II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING	:
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING  :                                       APPLE/                   MADDEN/
                                    COE        DHM          SUMMERS       KIKUCHI       GRIFFIN     PAULSEN

                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------



                                                                                             
        CUMULATIVE RATING          2.3          2B           1					1.5
										


        SILT				1		2							--

	  VEGETATION			3.5		2							--



       WALL CONDITION              2.5          2                                         2.5


        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
	  Used commercially in 1901





        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


		


34 -

FISHPOND NAME	: Mikiawa						GTF SELECTION:
TMK#			: 5-6-06:9
SITE #		: 162
ACREAGE		: 44
'AHUPUA'A		: Kaamola
OWNER			: State
ACOE PHOTO #	: 1-228;1-227

TYPE					: loko umeiki
DHM TYPE				: V
KIKUCHI TYPE			: Vb
WALL LENGTH (FT)			: 3100
MAKAHA				: 26 lanes
	
GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING	: I
HISTORIC REGISTER RATING		:
MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY			:

												APPLE/				MADDEN/
					COE		DHM		SUMMERS		KIKUCHI	GRIFFIN		PAULSEN
					--------------------------------------------------------------------------------	
CUMULATIVE RATINGS:		2.3		2B							2

SILT					2		2							--

VEGETATION				4		2							--

WALL CONDITION			1		2							2




---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COMMENTS:
Shown as "Kalaeloa Pond" in '75 photo and USGS map; used by 2 different
'ahuapua'a--one on ingoing tide, other on outgoing

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------











       FISHPOND NAME   : -- (2ponds)                        GTF SELECTION:
       TMK #           : 5-4-13
       SITE #           : 138
       ACREAGE		: --
       AHUPUA'A       : Kawela
       OWNER           : State
       ACOE PHOTO #    : 1-255


       TYPE                               : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                           : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                      : Ia2
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                   : 1550
       MAKAHA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:     III
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING	:
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING	:
						                                      APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                COE          DHM          SUMMERS        KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN 	PAULSEN

                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      2.2		    3



       SILT                     1.5          1


       VEGETATION               4            1


       WALL CONDITION           1              1





       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Not indicated on ACOE photo






       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


~0







        36
        FISHPOND NAME    : ~'I~-~pu~qk~a~'i~oie                          GTF SELECTION
        T~qMK ~q#            : 5~-~-7~-04:5
        SITE ~q9~-          ~: 2 19
        ACREAGE          : 3~.2
        ~AHUPUA~'A        : K~ain~alu
        OWNER            : Private
        ACOE PHOTO ~q#     : 1~-212


        TYPE                                   loko kuapa
        D~H~qM TYPE                               I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                           I~a2
        WALL LENGTH (~qFT)                       590
        ~qMAKAHA


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:       II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
        MADDEN PRODU~qC~qTI~8qVI~qT`Y RATING


                                                                              APPLE/                  MADDEN/
                                   COE          DH~qM           SU~q1~2q1~,~q1~qERS      KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN     PAULSEN

                                   --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        2.2          3               ~q1                          ~q1



        SILT                       1~.~q5          ~q1

        V~EG~ET~qA~q!~qTION                ~q3~.~q5~        ~q1

        WALL CONDITION             1~.~q5          ~q1






        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        ~CO~qM~ENTS:
        ~1~~n~~~ar reconstruction






        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 









         37 -
        FISHPOND NAME    : Panahaha                              GTF SELCTION
        TMK #              : 5-7-07:22
        SITE #             : 202
        ACREAGE            :13.8
        'AHUPUA'A        :Pukoo
        OWNER            :State
        ACOE PHOTO #     :1-219


        TYPE                                 : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                             : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                         : Ial
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                     : 1600
        MAKAHA                               : 1


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:       II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING     :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING  :                                         APPLE/                       MADDEN/
                                   COE          DHM         SUMMERS           KIKUCHI       GRIFFIN        PAULSEN

                                   --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        2.2          2B              1                            1.5



        SILT                       2.5          2                                            1.5


        VEGETATION                              2                                            --


        WALL CONDITION            1






        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
	  SILT; broken wall, partial foundation, concrete construction at one end





        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------











	   38 -
       FISHPOND NAME  :Kainalu                           GTF SELETION : *
       TMK #          :5-7-04
       SITE #         :220
       ACREAGE        :19
       'AHUPUA'A      :Kainalu
       OWNER          :State
       ACOE PHOTO #   :1-212


       TYPE                             :loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                         :I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                     :Ia2
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                 :
       MAKAHA


       
       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:  II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                 APPLE/                    MADDEN/
                               COE        DHM         SUMMERS     KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN       PAULSEN

                               --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      2.2        2B                                     1.5



       SILT                    1.5        2                                     --


       VEGETATION              3.5                                               --


       WALL CONDITION          1.5        2                                       1.5






       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Destroyed except for intact wal1 foundation; listed as unnamed by Griffin










         39 - 
        FISHPOND NAME    : Pahiomu                               GTF Selection : *
        TMK #            : 5-5-01:10
        SITE #           : 149
        ACREAGE          : 20
        `AHUPUA`A        : Kapuakoolau and Keonokuino
        OWNER            : State
        ACOE PHOTO #     : 1-247;1-245

        TYPE                                  : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                           : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                          : Ia
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                      : 1770
        MAKAHA                                : 1


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:      : I
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING              : YNYY
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING            : 4


                                                                               APPLE/                  MADDEN/
                                   COE           DHM           SUMMERS        KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN     PAULSEN

                                   --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        2.2           2A             3.25           1.35          2.2       4



        SILT                       2
                                                 3              3                            1.5


        VEGETATION                 1.5           3              3.5                          1.5


        WALL CONDITION                                                                       3.5






        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
        Class AA waters: unusual notched walls










        40 -
       FISHPOND NAME    : Pakanaka                            GTF SELECTION :
       TMK #            : 5-1-02:4
       SITE #           : 97
       ACREAGE          : 68.9
       `AHUPUA`A        : Kaluak`i
       OWNER            : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #     : 1-301;1-299

       TYPE                                 : loko ume`iki
       DHM TYPE                             : V
       KIKUCHI TYPE                         : Vc
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                     : 2000A
       MAKAHA                               : 20+ lanes


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :                        
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :
				                                             APPLE/              MADDEN/
                                  COE        DHM         SUMMERS     KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        2.2        2B          2                        1.2



       SILT                       2          2                                    1


       VEGETATION                 1.5        2           2                        1


       WALL CONDITION             3          2           2                        1.5





       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Coralline algae (used in wall construction?) cement wall together





       ---------------------------------------------------------------           ------------------------











        41 -
       FISHPOND NAME : Hikauhi                            GTF SELECTION
       TMK #         : 5-1-02:4
       SITE #        : 78
       ACREAGE       : 1.5
       `AHUPUA`A     : Kaluako`i
       OWNER         : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #  : 1-311


       TYPE                               : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                           : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                       : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                   : --
       MAKAHA                             : 1


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING	  :

                                                                    APPLE/              MADDEN/
                                 COE       DHM       SUMMERS       KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN       

                                 --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       2         2B        1                          2    



       SILT                      3         2     					  2


       VEGETATION                2         2 						  3

         
       WALL CONDITION            2         2                                    3






       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Basalt w/coral pebble core





       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










       42 -
       FISHPOND NAME  : Kamahu'ehu'e                      GTF SELECTION:
       TMK #          : 5-5-02:5
       SITE #         : 151
       ACREAGE         :37
       AHUPUA'A       : Kamalo
       OWNER          : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #   : 1-243;1-242

       TYPE                               :loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                          : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                      : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)				:3470
       MAKAHA					: 2

       GRIFFIN ARCHEAOLOGICAL GROUPING:  I
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING	:
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING :   4 


									                          APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                COE         DHM		SUMMRES			KIKUCHI	GRIFFIN	PAULSEN
					  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                
       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      1.8		  2B		  1				<1.00		1.5		3		



       SILT                     1.5           2	         1                                  1


       VEGETATION               1            2


       WALL CONDITION           3           2		   1						2.5








       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Basalt capstones similar to those at Kipapa; used commercially in 1091





 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



~0







        43
       FISHPOND NAME  : Nahi~ole                           GTF SELECTION
       T~qMK ~:~qf~qt        : 5-7~-06:18
       SITE           : 210
       A~CR~EAG~7~qE       ~: ~q1+
       ~AHUPUA~'A      : Ahain~o I
       OWNER          : State
       ACO~E PHOTO     : 1~-215


       TYPE                              : l~ok~o pu~t~i~one
       DH~qM TYPE                          ~: II
       KIKUCHI TYPE                      ~:
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                  ~:
       MAKA~2qRA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPI~qN~IG:   I~qI~qI
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                     APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                COE        D~qH~6qM          SUMMERS      KIKUC~qHT
                                                                            I    GRIFFIN    PAULSEN

                                --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      1.7        ~q3



       SILT
        1                       ~q1           ~i


       VEGETATION               ~q3


       ~~WALL CONDITION          ~q1




       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       COMMENTS:
       Not s~h w~n on AC~qO~qE
                           photo
 




         44 -
        FISHPOND NAME : Puhaloa                            GTF SELECTION :
        TMK #         : 5-6-04:25
        SITE #        : 179
        ACREAGE       : 6
        'AHUPUA'A     : Manawai
        OWNER         : Private
        ACOE PHOTO #  : 1-227;1-225

        TYPE                           : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                       : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                   : Ia
        WALL LENGTH (FT)               : 1245
        MAKAHA


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 4


                                                                         APPLE/              MADDEN/
                                 COE         DHM           SUMMERS       KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN  PAULSEN

                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      1.7         2B             1.5           <1.00     1.5      3/5



        SILT                     1.5         2                                      1


        VEGETATION               1.5         2              1.5                     1            


        WALL CONDITION           2           2                                      1.5





        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



        COMMENTS:
        Threatened by encroaching development



   










          45
         FISHPOND NAME : Papa'ili'ili                             GTF SELECTION:
         TMK #         : --
         SITE #        : 161
         ACREAGE       : 6.5
         'AHUPUA'A     : Kaamola
         OWNER         : State
         ACOE PHOTO #  : 1-232


         TYPE                           : lo
         DHM TYPE                       : V
         KIKUCHI TYPE                   : Vb2
         WALL LENGTH (FT)               : 750
         MAKAHA                         : 8 lanes


         GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: II
         HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
         MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :                                            
                                                                                            APPLE/   MADDEN/
                                       COE           DHM         SUMMERS         KIKUCHI   GRIFFIN   PAULSEN

                                       ---------------------------------------------------------------------


         CUMULATIVE RATINGS:          1.7            3           1                         1



         SILT                         1              1                                     --


         VEGETATION                   3              1                                     --


         WALL CONDITION               1              1                                     1





         --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


         COMMENTS:
         Not shown on ACOE photo




        



         46 -
        FISHPOND NAME : Kipapa                               GTF SELECTION :
        TMK #         : 5-5-01:8
        SITE          : 150
        ACREAGE       : 10
        'AHUPUA'A     : Keonokui'no
        OWNER         : State
        ACOE PHOTO #  : 1-245


        TYPE                           : loko uMeiki
        DHM TYPE                       : V
        KIKUCHI TYPE                   : Ia
        WALL LENGTH (FT)               : 1371
        MAKAHA                         : (1-) 3


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: I
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 4     
                                                                              APPLE/             MADDEN/
                                   COE           DHM        SUMMERS       KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN  PAULSEN

                                   ----------------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        1.7           2B            1.5           1.15        1.8      4



        SILT                       2             2             1                         1                 


        VEGETATION                 2             2             1.5                       1


        WALL CONDITION             2             2             2                         3.5





        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        COMMENTS:
        Unique basalt capstones (only other ponds having them is Kamahuehue)





        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

        
         47 -
        FISHPOND NAME      :  Pipi'o                                    GTF SELECTION
        TMK #              :  5-7-08:77
        SITE               :  196
        ACREAGE            :  17
        'AHUPUA'A          :  Mapulehu
        OWNER              :  Private
        ACOE PHOTO #       :  1-221


        TYPE                           : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                       : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                   : Ia2
        WALL LENGTH (FT)               : 1156
        MAKAHA                         :


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 4  
                                    
                                                                                 APPLE/             MADDEN/
                                       COE            DHM         SUMMERS       KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN  PAULSEN

                                       --------------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:            1-7            2B           1             <1.00      1.8      3



        SILT                           2              1.5                                   --


        VEGETATION                     1              1.5                                   1.5


        WALL CONDITION                 2              1.5           1                       2






        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
        Used commercially in 1901 for 'awa and mullet





        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------









         48 -
        FISHPOND NAME   : Kalua 'apuhi                            GTF SELECTION:
        TMK #           : 5-2-11:25
        SITE #          : 104 
        ACREAGE         : 19 (3.5MADD))
        'AHUPA'A        : Naiwa I
        OWNER           : Private
        ACOE PHOTO #    : 1-288;1-286

        TYPE                                : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                            : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                        : Ial
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                    : --
        MAKAHA                              : 2


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING     :  I
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING            : YNYY
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING          : 3                            APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                  COE          DHM           SUMMERS      KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       1.5          2A                                      2.8        3



        SILT                      1.5          3.2                                    3


        VEGETATION                1.5          3.2                                     1


        WALL CONDITION            1.5          3.2                                      4.5


        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        COMMENTS:
        East wall excellent, others overgrown; minimal silt, water clear: heavy mangrove
        encroaching on pond wall structure




        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------









        49 -
       FISHPOND NAME   : Puko                            GT F SELECTION :
       TMK             : 5-7-07:21
       SITE #          : 203
       ACREAGE         : 25
       'AHUPUA'A       : Pukoo I I
       OWNER           : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #    : 1-219


       TYPE                              :      ?
       DHM TYPE                          :
       KIKUCHI TYPE                       :     Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                  :      2000
       MAKAHA                           :


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING :    III
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING        :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING      :


                                                                       APPLE                 MADDEN/
                                COE         DHM           SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN   PAULSEN

                                --------------------------------------------------------------



                                    
       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:       1.3       3



       Silt                  1             1


       VEGETATION               2           1


       WALL CONDITION           1           1



       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       COMMENTS:
                                                   
       Looks filled in photo; area dredged for Pukoo Harbor and filled for beaches





       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------









          50-

        FISHPOND NAME   : Kahokai                              GTF SELECTION :
        TRK            : 5-2-11:1
        SITE            : 117
        ACREAGE         : 20
        'AHIPUA'A      : Kalamaula
        OWNER           : HFL
        ACOE PHOTO #    : 1-286

        TYPE                                :loko puuone
        DHM TYPE                           : II
        KIKUCHI TYPE                       :II
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                   :--  
        MAKAHA                              :


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING :      II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING        :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING      :           
        
	                                                                       APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                  COE          DHM           SUMMERS      KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        1.2       2B       1



        SILT                         1         2                              1
           

        VEGETATION                1            2                             1


        WALL CONDITION              1.5          2                            --





        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:







        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


~0







        51 -
       FISHPOND NAME    Pa'aha~o                          GTF SELECTION
       T~qMK ~:~q4           5-2~-~q11:~'~Z~-~'5
       ~~S~ITE            105
       ACREAGE
       ~AHUPUA~'A        Naiwa I
       OWNER            Private
       AC~O~E PH~qO~-~q10      1-286


       TYPE                             : loko ku~ap~a
       DH~qM TYPE                         ~: I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                     : I~a2
       WALL LENGTH (~qFT)                 ~:
       MAKAHA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:   III
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                    APPLE/               MADDEN/
                               COE         ~qDH~qM~,        SUMMERS      KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                               --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:     ~q1



       S I ~L~;I


       VEGETATION              ~q1


       WALL CONDITION          ~q1           ~q1






       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Not indicated on, AC~qO~qE photos





       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 






         52 -
        FISHPOND NAME  :                                              GTF SELECTION
        TMK # 	     :
        SITE #         :      205
        ACREAGE        :
        'AHUPUA'A      :      Pukoo I
        OWNER          :      State
        ACOE PHOTO #   :      1-217


        TYPE                                    : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                                : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                            :
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                        : 1225
        MAKAHA


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:          II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :                                     



                                                                               APPLE/                   MADDEN/
                                      COE           DHM         SUMMERS       KIKUCHI       GRIFFIN    PAULSEN

                                      ------------------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:           1             2B           1                            1


        SILT                          1             2


        VEGETATION                    1             2


        WALL CONDITION                1             2                                         2






        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
        Not shown in ACOE photo:  filled and used for cultivation?





        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------






        53
       FISHPOND NAME   :Kama1oko                                  GTF SELECTION :
       TMK #           :5-2-08
       SITE #          :122
       ACREAGE         :0.9
       'AHUPUA'A       :Kalamaula
       OWNER           :HHL
       ACOE PHOTO #    :1-277


       TYPE                           : loko puuone
       DHM TYPE                       : II
       KIKUCHI TYPE                   : II
       WALL LENGTH (FT)               : --
       MAKAHA                         : 

       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: III
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
      MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING      :


                                                                       APPLE/                   MADDEN/
                                COE         DHM          SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN       PAULSEN
                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------

       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      1            3

       SILT                     1            1

       VEGITATION               1            1

       WALL CONDITION           1            1



       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Filled and built over -- residential area; not indicated on ACOE photos      



       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


~0








         54
        ~FISH~qP'~qOND NAME    :Kapa~'~qak~ea                               GTF SELECTION
        T~qMK ~q@~qt            :5-4~-03:9
        SITE,             :132
        ACREAGE           :5~.45
        ~AHUPUA~'A         :Kap~aake~a
        OWNER             :Priv~a~-te
        AC~O~E PHOTO ~q#      :1-271


        TYPE                                   : loko puuone
        D~H~qM TYPE                               ~: I~ql
        KIKUCHI TYPE                           ~: I~ql
        WALL LENGTH (FT)
        ~qMAKAHA


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:         III
              RT
        ~HIST~qO ~IC REGISTER RATING
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                               APPLE/                  MADDEN/
                                    COE           DH~2qM            SUMMERS       KIKUCHI       GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                    --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:         ~q1             3               ~q1



        IS I LT                     ~q1


        VEGETATION                  ~q1


        WALL CONDITION              I





        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        ~~~M~N~qF~'~,~,~q!T~qS:

        ~4qf
        ~~ I
         ~2q4 led; n~o~@~- ~4~ndic~a~@~-~' on A~"~-~'~qO~-~- ~r~,~'-~c~,~+~os





        ------------------------------------------------------------                                      -------
 









         55
        FISHPOND NAME   : Uluanui                              GTF SELECTION
        TMK #            : 5-5-01:31
        SITE #          : 145
        ACREAGE            :6.5
        AHUPUA'A          :Markolelau
        OWNER              :Private
        ACOE PHOTO#         :1-251


        TYPE                                 : loko puurone
        DHM TYPE                             :II
        KIKUCHI TYPE                         :II
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                     :--    
        MAKAHA                               :


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:      III
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                           APPLE/                  MADDEN/
                                    COE         DHM           SUMMERS      KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                    -----------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:         1           3



        SILT                        1           1


        VEGETATION                  1           1


        WALL CONDITION              1           1






        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
        Now used for taro;         not shown on AC0E Photo






        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------











          56
       FISHPOND NAME: 'Olo'ia                           GTF SELECTION :
       TMK #         : 5-2-11:25
       SITE #         : 103
       ACREAGE        : 15
       'AHUPUA'A      : Kahanui I
       OWNER          : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #   : 1-290;1-288

       TYPE                              : loko kuapa
       DHM TYPE                          : I
       KIKUCHI TYPE                      : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                  :
       MAKAHA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:    II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVTY RATING                                   APPLE/                MADDEN/
                               COE         DHM          SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                               --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:     1           2B            2



       SILT                                2                                      1


       VEGETATION              1           2


       WALL CONDITION          1           2



                                                    --------------------------------------------
       -----------------------------------------


       C0MMENTS:







       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------











        FISHPOND NAME   : Kakaha'ia                          GTF SELECTION
        TMK #           : 5-4-01:5
        SITE :          : 143
        ACREAGE         : 31
                          
       'AHUPUA'A       : Kawela
        OWNER           : Federal
        ACOE PHOTO #    : 1-253


        TYPE                               : loko puuone
        DHM TYPE                           : II
        KIKUCHI TYPE                       : II
        WALL LENGTH (FT)
        MAKAHA


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:     II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING                                         APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                  COE         DHM         SUMMERS     KIKUCHI              GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:      1           2A                                      2.5



        SILT                      1                                                     2.5


        VEGETATION                1            3             2


        WALL CONDITION            1


        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        COMMENTS:

                                                 
        In use since 15100 AD: presently  wildlife reserve




        -------------------*------------------------------------------------------------------------------








        58

        FISHPOND NAME:   Paialoa                               GTF SELECTION:
        TMK #        :   5-6-02:12; 5-6-07:1
        SITE #       :   158
        ACREAGE      :   35
        `AHUPUA'A    :   Puaahala
        OWNER        :   Private
        ACOE PHOTO#  :   1-234


        TYPE                                 : loko kuapa
        DHM TYPE                             : I
        KIKUCHI TYPE                         : Ia
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                     : 2200
        MAKAHA                               :


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: III
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 5?
                                                                             APPLE/                    MADDEN/
                                   COE          DHM           SUMMERS       KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN      PAULSEN

                                   --------------------------------------------------------------


        CULATIVE RATINGS: 1             3                                                      4/5?



        SILT                       1             1


        VEGETATION                 1             1


        WALL CONDITION             1             1






        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
        Great discrepancy between photos of 1960 and 1975. '60 photo (Summners) shows int
        act pond; `75 photo shows area as filled; not indicated on ACOE photo, but
        "Paiaha" pond is shown; '74 inventory found pond destroyed by developers


        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------






59-

       FISHPOND NAME    : `Ohaipilo                            GTF SELECTION :
       TMK#             : 5-2-11:1
       SITE#            : 113
       ACREAGE          : 39
       `AHUPUA`A        : Kalamaula
       OWNER            : HHL
       ACOE PHOTO#      : 1-286


       TYPE                                 : loko puuone
       DHM TYPE                             : II
       KIKUCHI TYPE                         : II
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                     : --
       MAKAHA                               :


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: III
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :                                    APPLE                  MADDEN/
                                  COE          DHM          SUMMERS       KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN    PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------



       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:        1            3               2



       SILT                       1            1               1


       VEGETATION                 1            1


       WALL CONDITION             1            1               3






       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:
       Completely filled fastland





       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------











        60 -
       FISHPOND NAME  : `Umipa`a                           GTF SELECTION :
       TMK  #         : --
       SITE           : 119
       ACREAGE        : --
       `AHUPUA`A      : Kalamaula
       OWNER          : --
       ACOE PHOTO #   : ---


       TYPE                               : loko puuone
       DHM TYPE                           : II
       KIKUCHI TYPE                       : II
       WALL LENGTH (FT)                   : --
       MAKAHA                             :


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGTCAL GROUPING:  III
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :


                                                                        APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                COE          DHM         SUMMERS       KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN    PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:                    3             1



       SILT                                   1


       VEGETATION                             1


       WALL CONDITION                         1






       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


      COMMENTS:







       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










61 -
       FISHPOND NAME  : --                                     GTF SELECTION :
       TMK #          : --
       SITE #         : 315
       ACREAGE        : --
       `AHUPUA`A      : Halawa
       OWNER          : Private
       ACOE PHOTO #   :


       TYPE                            : loko wai
       DHM TYPE                        : III
       KIKUCHI TYPE                    : IIIb
       WALL LENGTH (FT)
       MAKAHA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       : 
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :


                                                                       APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                COE         DHM         SUMMERERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN    PAULSEN

                                 --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:                  2B?



       SILT                                 2
                                         


       VEGETATION                           2


       WALL CONDITION                       2






       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:







       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


~0







        62
       FISHPOND NA~ql~4qME   A~qipoh~a~4qku                           GTF SEL~qE~qGTIO~qN
       T~MK ~q#            --
       SITE             101A
       ACREAGE          0-24
       ~AHUPUA~'A        K~ahanui I
       OWNER
       A~C~O~E PHOTO ~q9


       TYPE                                 ?
       DH~qM TYPE
       KIKUCHI TYPE                        III
       WALL LENGTH (FT)
       ~qM~AKA~2qHA


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING


                                                                       APPLE/                MADDEN/
                                COE         ~qDH~qM          SUMMERS      KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                 --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:                  4             ~q1



       SILT                                 ~q0


       VEGETATION                           ~q0


       ~     ALL CONDITION                        ~q0






       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       CO~~~R~!E~i~qNTS:







       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 










       63
       FISHPOND NAME : Kaulia'a                        GTF SELECTION:
       TMK #         : 5-2-11
       SITE #       : 101B
       ACREAGE       : 0.52
       AHUPUA'A     : Kahanui I
       OWNER	  : --
       ACOE PHOTO   : ---


       TYPE                            :loko puuone
       DHM TYPE					:II
       KIKUCHI TYPE				:II
       WALL LENGTH (FT)				:--
 	 MAKAHA					:


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING: III
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING	  :	
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :
									                     	APPLE/      		MADDEN/
                              COE        DHM         SUMMERS      KIKUCHI    KIKUCHI	GRIFFIN 	PAULSEN

                              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:     		4		1



       SILT                            0


       VEGETATION                     0


       WALL CONDITION                   0






       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


       COMMENTS:







       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


64 -
FISHPOND NAME	: Waiakea					GTF SELECTION:
TMK #			: 5-2-11:20
SITE #		: 101C
ACREAGE		: 1
'AHUPUA'A		: Kahanui I
OWNER			: State
ACOE PHOTO #	: ---

TYPE					:loko puuone
DHM TYPE				: II
KIKUCHI TYPE			: II
WALL LENGTH (FT)			: --
MAKAHA				:

GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING	: II
HISTORIC REGISTER RATING		:
MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY			:

											APPLE/				MADDEN/
					COE		DHM		SUMMERS	KIKUCHI	GRIFFIN		PAULSEN
					-------------------------------------------------------------------------

CUMULATIVE RATINGS:				2B?		1				1

SILT							2						1

VEGETATION						2						1

WALL CONDITION					2						--


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


COMMENTS:


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










           65 -
          FISHPOND NAME         : --                                            GTF SELECTION:
          TMK #                 :5-2-9:11
          SITE #                : 120
          ACREAGE               : 2
          'AHUPUA'A		  : Kalamaula
          OWNER			  : HHL
          ACOE PHOTO #		  : ---

	    TYPE			  : loko puuone
          DHM TYPE		  : II
          KIKUCHI TYPE		  : II
          WALL LENGTH (FT)      : --
	    MAKAHA			  :

	    GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:	II
	    HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
	    MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     :

												APPLE/				MADDEN/
						COE		DHM		SUMMERS	KIKUCHI	GRIFFIN		PAULSEN
						-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	    CUMULATIVE RATINGS:				2B?						1

	    SILT						2						--

	    VEGETATION					2						1

 	    WALL CONDITION				2					      --



---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


COMMENTS:


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------		








        66 -
       FISHPOND NAME : --                               GTF SELECTION :
       TMK #          : 5-7-03
       SITE #          : 226?
       ACREAGE         : 16+
       'AHUPUA'A      : Waialua
       OWNER           :
       ACOE PHOTO #    :                   
       TYPE                     : loko kuapa
  	 DHM TYPE			  :
       KIKUCHI TYPE             : Ia
       WALL LENGTH (FT)		  : --
       MAKAHA                   :


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:   II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 
                                                                       APPLE/              MADDEN/
                               COE         DHM          SUMMERS     KIKUCHI     GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:                                                         1



       SILT                                                                        --


       VEGETATION                                                                  -- 


       WALL CONDITION                                                               1



       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       COMMENTS:









         67 -
        FISHPOND NAME   : Punalau                             GTF SELECTION :
        TMK #           : 5-2-11:11
        SITE #          : 102
        ACREAGE         : 20
        'AHUPUA'A       : Kahanui I
        OWNER           : Private
        ACOE PHOTO #    : ---


        TYPE                                : loko puuone
        DHM TYPE                            : II
        KIKUCHI TYPE                        : II
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                    : --
        MAKAHA                              :


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:      II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       : 
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 
                                                                       APPLE/               MADDEN/
                                 COE          DHM           SUMMERS    KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                  --------------------------------------------------------------


      CUMULATIVE RATINGS:                     2B?                1                         1



        SILT                                   2                                           1


        VEGETATION                             2					             1


        WALL CONDITION                         2							--






        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:







     
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










       68 -
       FISHPOND NAME   : --                                   GTF SELCTION :
       TMK #           : 5-1-01:2-4
       SITE #          : 98
       ACREAGE         : 38
       'AHUPUA'A       : Hoolehua
       OWNER           : SPtaterivate?
       ACOE PHOTO #    : ---


       TYPE                           :  loko ume'iki
       DHM TYPE                       :  V
       KIKUCHI TYPE                   :  Va
       WALL LENGTH (FT)               :  --
       MAKAHA                         :


       GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:  II
       HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
       MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 
                							                  APPLE/               MADDEN/ 
                               COE         DHM         SUMMERS          KIKUCHI    GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                               --------------------------------------------------------------


       CUMULATIVE RATINGS:                 2B             1                          1              

       SILT					      2			1				     1


       VEGETATION					2							    --	


       WALL CONDITION                     2                                             --


   	  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
	  COMMENTS:




	  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	





		
         69 -
        FISHPOND NAME    : Pala'au                               GTF SELECTION :
        TMK #            : 5-2-11:4
        SITE #           : 99
        ACRREAGE         : 500
        'AHUPUA'A        : Palaau
        OWNER            : HHL
        ACOE PHOTO #     :---


        TYPE                                 : loko ume'iki
        DHM TYPE                             : V
        KIKUCHI TYPE                         : Vcl
        WALL LENGTH (FT)                     : 6300
        MAKAHA                               : 27 lanes


        GRIFFIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUPING:       II
        HISTORIC REGISTER RATING       :
        MADDEN PRODUCTIVITY RATING     : 
								                                APPLE/                 MADDEN/
                                   COE          DHM           SUMMERS       KIKUCHI      GRIFFIN PAULSEN

                                    ---------------------------------------------------------------


        CUMULATIVE RATINGS:                      2B             1                          1



        SILT        	                          2              1                          1


        VEGETATION                                2                                        --


        WALL CONDITION                            2                                        --






        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        COMMENTS:
        Originally largest of Moloka'i fishponds


        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------









                                                                                                                      .   NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



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