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FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT COMPLETIONREPORT to the State Planning Office for the Period October 1, 1978-September 30, 1979 VOLUME II Element A: Bottom Trawl Survey Element B: Establishment of a Fisheries Data Base for Managing Maine's Commercial and Recreational Fisheries Element C: Characterization of the Recreat ional Fisheries Maine Department of Marine Resources Edited by: C. J. Walton Fisheries Research Laboratory ay Har or, Maine 04575 Project Manager: V. C. Anthony SH 633-5572 328 F5 1979 V US Department of Commerce NOAA Coastal Services Center Library 2234 South Hobson Avenue VOLUME I Charleston, SC 29405-2413 Executive Summary VOLUME II Page Introduction by V. C. Anthony ......................................... 1 Element A: Bottom Trawl Survey by C. J. Wa lton ........................ 4 Element A-1: Inshore Groundfish Survey - R/V Explorer ........... 5 Element A-2: Maine Coastal Survey R/V Fishfinder .............. 8 Element A-3: Offshore Summer Cruise R/V Challenge ... ......... 19 Summary ........................................................... 19 Element B: Establishment of a Fisheries Data Base for Managing Maine's Commercial and Recreational Fisheries by V. C. Anthony, C. J. Walton, E. P. Creaser, Jr. and D. B. Sampson ............................................. 21 Introduction: .................................................... 22 Element B-1: Work Program ......................................... 23 Element B-2: Evaluation of Existing Programs for the Collection of Landings Data ........................ 24 Element B-3: Evaluation of the N.M.F.S. Logbook System .......... 54 Element B-4: Review and Automate D.M.R. Licensing and Permit System ...................................... 68 Element B-5: Survey the Fishing Industry to Determine Landing Patterns by Species, Area and Time .......... 73 Element B-6: Determine Industry Sectors where Landings do not Reflect Catches ...... ................. .... 136 Element C: Characterization of the Recreational Fisheries by C. J. Walton ......................... ...... ......... 145 i TABLE OF CONTENTS.(continued) VOLUME III Page Element D: Characterization of the Shellfisheries ................... 196 Element D-1: A Characterization of the Soft Clam Fishery of Maine by W. R. Welch ................... 196 Element D-2: A Characterization of the Northern Shrimp Fishery of Maine by A. P. Stickney ................ 243 Element D-3:. A Characterization of the Maine Lobster Fishery of Maine by W. R. Welch ................... 294 Element D-4: A Characterization of the Scallop Fishery of Maine by C. J. Walton .......................... 326 Element D-5: A Characterization of the Cancer Crab Fishery Along the.Coast of Maine by J. Cowger and J. Krouse ........................... 359 Element D-6: A Characterization of the Maine Mussel Fishery by J. Hurst ............................... 376 VOLUME IV Element E: The Economic Impact of Fisheries in the State of Maine ... 388 Element E-1: Summary ........................................... 391 Element E-2: An Input-Output Table Designed to Assess the Impact of the Fishery on the Maine Economy ............................................ 405 Element E-3: Input-Output Results .............................. 419 Element E-4: Appendices ........................................ 443 I: Introduction to Input-Output Analysis .................. 443 IIz Technical Notes ......................................... 457 S TABLE OF CONTENT (continued) Page VOLUME IV Element E-4: Appendices III: Data and Methods Used to Estimate Input Coefficients for the Finfish (except Herring) Sector ................................................... 469 IV: Estimation Techniques Used in Compiling the Herring/Menhaden Sector for the Maine Input-Output Table ....................................... 501 V: Input-Output Estimates for the Lobster/ Crab/Scallop Sector ...................................... 517 VI: Data and Procedures Used to Estimate Technical 'Coefficients for the Clam/Worm Sector ............... o .... 534 VII: The Economic Value of Soft-Shelled Clam (A-fjza arenaria) Production in Maine ....................... 553 INTRODUCTION: The Fisheries Management and Development Project of Maine's coastal zone program involved five project elements: (a) continuation of Maine's tagging and bottom trawl survey to expand the research data base in support of Maine finfish management interests; (b) the development of a program to establish a fisheries data base for stock assessments; (c) a characterization of Maine's recreational fisheries industry; (d) a characterization of shellfish resources and the shellfish industry; and (e) the development of a system to monitor fishing industry trends, industry economic status, and to supply economic data needs for industry management and development decisions. The first two elements of this program have been coordinated with the work- done by the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northeast Fisheries Center in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. The bottom trawl survey (Element A) is, in fact, a cooperative project with the state of Massachusetts and NMFS. Several meetings were held to plan surveys and to plan the analyses of the survey data. The establishment of the fisheries data base (Element B) was discussed with the Statistics and Market News Division of the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Assessment Division of Northeast Fisheries Center at Woods Hole. The research work for the first two project elements was designed to produce information that the State of Maine and the National Marine Fisheries Service needed for understanding the status of commercially harvested 2 stocks. This was an excellent example of how the coastal zone program and the National Marine Fisheries Service could work together. These two project elements have already indicated specific needs in data management. Project elements (C) and (D) are a continuation of the work conducted by C.E. Maguire and summarized in a report entitled, "Towards a Fishery Strategy for Maine" which addressed the characterization of the finfish fisheries important to the State of Maine. The Governor's Advisory Committee on Coastal Development and Conservation (CCDC) reviewed this work and formulated recommendations for the state policy actions in fisheries development. It has been intended that the characterization of Maine's recreational fisheries and shellfish fisheries, when completed, would also lead to similar recommendations. This characterizational work suffered from the temporary nature of the funding from Coastal Zone in that hiring of qualified personnel for a short period of time was very difficult and some of the work was completed with less manpower than planned. Initiation of the project elements was also delayed until the memo of agreement was signed in the middle of January. Special problems were encountered with element (E) in an attempt to plan a system of collecting socio-economic information for the entire fishing industry through a contract. This Coastal Zone research was planned and begun prior to the memorandum of December 12, 1978 from R.W. Knecht, the Assistant 3 Administrator for Coastal Zone Planning, to State Coastal Zone program managers which outlined the intent of the Coastal Zone Fisheries Assistance programs. That memorandum outlined four general coastal fishery assistance project areas as general guidance for the states in conducting their research. We agree with the areas as covered in the memo. This fisheries management and development project fortuitously addressed portions of project area 1 and portions of project area 2 cited in this document. Under project area 3- we addressed the habitat, fish stocks, economics, and community framework. Management was not addressed in this program. Under project area 2, Information and Data Collection, we addressed the state fisheries operational functions, characterization of state fishery groups and interactions in some detail. Financial assistance for preparation of this document has been provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, administered by the Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The five project elements have been conducted as part of the coastal program of the Maine State Planning Office in Augusta, Maine. 4 ELEMENT A: BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY by C. J. Walton 5 Element A: BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY The bottom trawl survey was designed to sample demersal fish along the Maine coast under a standardized set of conditions. The results of the survey were summarized and have been incorporated into the biological data base th at will be used to assess the conditions of the stocks. The 1979 survey was planned as a series of three cruises: 1. An inshore western Maine survey by the R/V Explorer that would cover the area between Saco Bay and Boothbay Harbor and was scheduled from April 17 to May 15. 2. A coastal survey by a chartered vessel the R/V Fishfinder, that would cover the coast from the Maine/New Hampshire border to the eastern portion of the state within the 60 fathom curve., This was conducted in June and July. 3. An offshore cruise by the R/V Challenge to be conducted as a combined shrimp and groundfish survey during August. 1. INSHORE GROUNDFISH SURVEY-R/V EXPLORER: The survey was initiated on April 18 in Saco Bay. The R/V Explorer used a small otter trawl with 26 foot headrope and 32 foot footrope. wings and body of the trawl were l1i inch mesh and the cod 6 end was A inch mesh. The gear was rigged with 75 pound trawl doors and five inch mud rollers on the footrope. The original survey plan covered 34 stations (Figure A-1) but almost half of these were abandoned because of unsuitable bottom conditions. All completed tows were of 30 minute duration. Catches were sorted by species and individual fish were measured; the total volume or weight of each species was recorded. Catch data have been coded and stored using the new computer terminal linked to the computer at the University of Maine at Orono. After the first phase of this survey was completed in mid-May trawling operations were conducted in Sheepscot Bay. This area was selected because it has been an historically important spawning ground for some commercially important species. During this spring@summer segment of the survey eight demersal species in spawning condition were sampled. Weekly tows were made at the mouth of the Sheepscot River from mid-may until the first week in August. Data on weight or volume of individual species and surface and bottom water temperatures were recorded. Comparisons between this survey and the 1978 survey have not been completed but the Sheepscot Bay work demonstrated that, in 1979, there were more large cod than in 1978 but only a fraction of the silver hake recorded in the previous survey. The larger silver hake were rarely observed in the 1979 inshore work although they were fairly abundant offshore in deeper, and cooler water. Young haddock were 7 70 44* - BAT IAI 0 A FORTLANO". 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure A-1. R/V Explorer Inshore Survey: 1979. Solid circles indicate successful stations; half circles indicate locations where tows were made, but gear was damaged; open circles indicate locations where bottom conditions were too rough for towing. 8 taken near Sequin Island in 1978, but none were taken in 1979. Tagging of groundfish was also conducted in this survey series since the 1978 tagging experiments yielded promising results. Approximately 1700 groundfish of 13 species were tagged aboard the R/V Explorer this year. A summary and comparison of the experimental tagging programs for the two years is presented in Table A-1. 2. MAINE COASTAL SURVEY-R/V FISHFINDER: The coastal survey was conducted by the chartered R/V Fishfinder from May 30 to July 28. The R/V Fishfinder was chartered from the Washington County Vocational-Technical Institute. The survey was delayed more than a month due to problems in preparing the vessel for trawling. The WCVTI staff did an outstanding job in preparing the vessel for fishery research work and their assistance and cooperation was excellent. The trawl gear was a 50 x 70 URI High Rise bottom trawl with 4@1 inch mesh, 54 thread, polypropylene netting. This net was rigged with 14-inch rollers on the footrope and a @ inch mesh cod-end liner to capture juvenile fish. Seventy two coastal sample stations were preselected (Figure A-2). These locations were chosen for complete coastal coverage and it was anticipated that a number of these would prove unsuitable for trawling. Each station location was searched for level towing bottom in a seaward direction until suitable conditions were found or search time had expired. Sixty of the stations were visited and 39 were successfully 9 TABLE A'l Fish Tagged During Inshore Groundfish Surveys By the R/V Explorer 1978-79 1978 1979 Number Number Number Number Spec Tagge Returned Tagged Returned Cod 572 22 764 17 Haddock 12 0 73 1 Yellowtail 17 1 71 2 Flounder Blackback 6 0 139 1 Flounder American 0 308 10 Plaice Grey Sole 0 7 0 Fourspot 0 4 0 Flounder Windowpane 0 5 0 Flounder Pollock 25 0 5 0 Red Hake 4 0 71 0 White Hake 3 0 56 1 Silver Hake 0 - 165 0 Butterfish 1 0 29 0 Mackerel 9 0 0 Halibut 1 1 0 No B. 0 0 10 00 000 0 ra 0 Eastern Section F, 0 0 00 Central Section P 0 0 0 Western Section 0 Station not visited 0. Station untowable 0 0 Station towed L Figure A-2. Stations selected and completed on the 1979 Coastal Groundfish survey. towed. Equipment failure and persistent fog delayed the completion of the cruise in the area east of Jonesport and finally resulted in its termination when the main engine failed. The eastern section of the coast could not be sampled since the vessel was scheduled for other work after the engine was repaired. This was an exploratory survey and the relatively large proportion of untowable areas was exnected. This is the main reason that the NMFS has little information on fish abundance and distribution in the inshore areas of the Maine coast. Data on untowable bottom areas and survey charts were provided by NMFS and were used in planning this survey. This preliminary work pinpointed a number of suitable sampling areas and future surveys will utilize these stations. The sampling of the major fishing areas of the coast between Kittery and Jonesport was fairly complete (Figure A-2). Station data are summarized in Table A-2. Tows were made for approximately 20 minutes at 3 knots, a bottom distance of roughly one mile. Tows of this length, although shorter than commercial fishing tows, were adequate to sample the demersal fish in the area. Catches were sorted by species, measured and weighed. Otoliths and scales were removed for age determinations (Table A-3). Stomachs from juvenile fish were removed and preserved in formalin for analysis by the food studies project at the Northeast Fisheries Center (NMFS). Temperature profiles were recorded by an XBT cast made at the end of each tow. Table A-2. Station data for 1979 coastal bottom trawl survey-R/V Fishfinder Station (a) (a) (b) Station (a) (a) (b) Section Latitude Longitude ..Depth Section Latitude Longitude- Depth 2 Western 42052' 700321 276 30 Western 44049' 690 281 210 3 Western 43003' 70 0231 266 32 Western 430461 690 221 302 4 Western 430041 70 027' 259 33 Western 450511 690 161 263 8 Western 43012' 70 0241 256 34 Central 430451 690 171 250 10 Western 43015' 70 020' 276 35 Central 43049' 690 06' 233 13 Western 430241 70013' 276 36 Central 430551 68046- 312 14 Western 43025' 700171 194 40 Central 43056' 680361 282 0 0 0 0 17 Western 43 29' 70 12' 210 42 central 43 541 68 311 289 18 Western 43031' 700 00, 338 43 Central 44000, 680 28' 279 0 0 0 0 19 Western 43 30' 70 541 410 45 Central 43 58' 68 19' 334 20 Western 43029' 69 046' 433 46 Central 44001, 680 141 351 22 Western 43037' 69 046' 265 47 Central 44006' 680 171 242 23 Western 43039' 69 054' 135 49 Central 440041 680071 354 24 Western 43030' 690541 150 51 Central 440061 680011 302 25 Western 440421 69 0431 89 53 Central 44005' 670 54' 335 26 Western 44041' 69 039' 279 55 Central 44016' 680 07' 215 27 Western 44 043' 69 039' 187 57 Eastern 44015' 670 51' 220 28 Western 43041' 69 030' 348 59 Eastern 440151 670 59' 205 29 Western 430431 69030' 330 61 Eastern 440221 E670391 200 62 Eastern 440251 670 451 127 (a) Sections - refer to Figure A-2 (b) Mean depth in feet 010,00,00m 00,68000 'Samoa me 13 Table A-3 1979 Spring bottom trawl survey age samples collected on the R/V Fishfinder west rn Maine Central Maine Eastern Maine ?Ype of Stations 2-33 Stations 34-55 Stations 57-62 Species sawple Kale Female Unsexed Kale Female Unsexed Male Female Vnxexed Cod Otoliths 46 25 0 16 14 0 0 0 0 Haddock Otoliths 13 11 1 7 10 0 0 0 a & scales Pollock Otolithe 1 a 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Silver Otoliths 62 74 3 21 31 0 8 13 0 hake White Otoliths 57 0 13 23 0 3 9 0 hake Red hake Otolitha 46 44 0 is a 0 3 0 .0 Halibut Otoliths 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 a scale$ AmariCan Otalithe 11 7 67 5 2 27 0 0 S Plaics Yellowtail scales 10 4 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 Blackback Scales 12 13 0 1 1 14 0 0 is Gray sole Otoliths is 12 37 5 4 25 4 1 6 Windo-pane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rdfish Otoliths 15 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cusk Otoliths 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 COUECTED ON THE R/V EXPLORER Cod Otoliths 0 0 32 Gray sale Otoliths 0 0 is Redfish Otoliths 0 0 2 14 Total catch was in excess of 7000 pounds representing 25 species. In terms of total weight, the American plaice or dab (HippogZossoides pLatessoides) and cod (Gadus morhua) were the most abundant species in the catches. Data from the survey have been placed on computer tapes and some preliminary sorting and comparison programs have been run with these data. Preliminary examination of the coastal survey data has revealed some interesting distributions of species by depth and by section of the coast (Tables A-4 and A-5). The highest catches of American dab (HippogZossoides pZatessoides), silver hake Olerluccius biZinearis), blackback flounder (PseudopZeuronectes wnericanus), red hake (Urophycis chuss) and cod (Gadus morhua), in terms of numbers of fish per tow, were made in the western section of the coast. The central section produced the highest catch of gray sole (GLyptocephaZus cynogZossus) and the eastern section the highest catch of white hake (Urophycis tenuis) and alewives Wosa pseudaharengus). The number of fish caught above and below the mean sampling depth gave some indication of the depth distribution of the eight most abundant species during the survey (Table A-5). These summarized data do not completely describe the depth distributions of these species since there were some important sectional differences. Table A-6 summarizes the abundance of the eight principal species above and below the mean sampling depth for the three sections 15 TABLE A-4 1979 COASTAL BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY Mean number and percentage per tow by sections for the eight most abundant species sampled. WESTERN SECTION (a) CENTRAL SECTION (b) EASTERN SECTION (c) Mean Mean Mean Species Number Percentage Nmiber Percentage Number Percentage American Dab 88 65 30 22 17 13 Silver Hake 55 48 25 22 34 30 White Hake .19 39 7 14 23 47 Gray Sole 10 29 22 65 2 6 Blacl-,back 8 53 2 14 5 33 Red Hake 7 54 1 8 5 38 Cod 5 55 4 45 - - Alewife 1 13 3 38 4 a) Includes Station Numbers 1-33 b) Includes Station Numbers 34-51 c) Includes Station Numbers 53-62 TABLE A-5 1979 BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY ABOARD THE FISHFINDER Number and Percentage by Depth of the Eight Most Abundant Species Caught % of (a) Significant total Depth less than mean Depth greater than mean Difference Species catches Total Number Percentage Total Number Percentage X2test 95% level American dab 41 1231 51% 1162 49% Not significant Silver hake 29 684 41% 977 59% Significant White hake 10 250 42% 345 58% Significant Gray sole 9 138 27% 364 73% Significant Black- back 4 212 93% 17 7% Significant Red hake 3 95 48% 104 52% Not significant Cod 3 120 71% 50 29% Significant Alewife 1 29 41% 41 59% Not significant Totals 2759 3060 Significant a) Mean Depth of survey tow series was 264 ft. (44 fathoms) Mon TABLE A-6 1979 COASTAL BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY Mean number and percentage per tow by section and depth for the eight most abundant species sampled. WESTERN SECTION CENTRAL SECTION EASTERN SECTION(b) Depth Depth Depth Depth Depth less greater less greater Per- less than Per- than Per- than Per- than Per- than Per- Species 264 ft.(a) cent 264 ft. cent 264 ft. cent 264 ft. cent 264 ft. cent American dab 98 55 80 45 46 67 23 33 17 100 Silver Hake 40 37 67 63 37 66 19 34 34 100 White Hake 12 32 25 68 11 -68 5 32 23 100 Gray Sole 5 28 13 72 20 47 23 53 2 100 Blackback 16 94 1 6 7 94 <1 6 5 100 Red Hake 7 50 7 50 2 50 2 50 5 100 Cod 9 82 2 18 8 73 3 27 - - Alewife 1 50 1 50 <1 10 4 go 4 100 a) 264 ft. was the mean depth of the stations towed by the Fishfinder. b) Depths of all stations in Eastern Section were below the mean. of the survey. The table does not provide depth comparisons for the eastern section because all tows were made in water less than the mean depth for the survey series. American dab were much more abundant in the western section of the coast and were distributed uniformly above and below the mean depth. Dabs in the central section were more abundant in shallower water. Silver hake and white hake were more abundant in deep water in the western section of the coast and in shallower water in the central section of the coast. Both species are migrating at this time of year and this may account for these sectional differences. Gray sole were more abundant in deep water in the western section but had a more even depth distribution in the central section. Blackback flounder and cod were more abundant in shallower water in both western and central sections and no depth distribution pattern could be discerned. Alewives appeared to be uniformly distributed above and below the mean depth in western Maine but they were more abundant in deep water in the central section and were taken at about the same rate (4 fish/tow) in shallow water in the eastern section of the coast. 19 3. OFFSHORE SUAMER CRUISE-R/V CHALLENGE: This survey was not executed due to demands for the use of the R/V Challenge and the survey was limited to the collection of shrimp samples. SUMMARY: Assessment of the abundance and distribution of fish stocks is an essential prerequisite for the development of management strategies. The data provided by survey cruises, in which samples of fish are taken with standard ized fishing methods, form a major component of the biological data base. Such information, when used with landings data, sea sampling results and biological information, provide a basic understanding of the status of the stocks and man's effect on them. Research surveys provide information on recruiting size groups and provide an unbiased sample of distribution not obtained from fishing vessels. Biological data, such as age and length composition of the stocks, feeding information, growth rates and fecundity indicate the current condition of the fish stocks and are essential components in models of stock dynamics and ecological interactions. The most important information to be derived from, survey work is that which can be derived from a series of such surveys. A survey, such as the one described here, provides a profile of the relative abundance and distribution of the fish stocks at one particular time of one year. The planned continuation of this survey series will provide a sequence of stock profiles through time and thus the survey data will AQ- 20 acquire a new dimension; when combined with information from the Massachusetts survey and the NMFS offshore survey these data can provide an understandingof species distributions in the Gulf of Maine. A series of annual surveys are necessary for predictive modeling of stock dynamics. The data derived from these surveys will provide better information for management. 21 ELEMENT B: ESTABLISH14ENT OF A FISHERIES DATA BASE FOR MANAGING MAINE'S COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL FISHERIES by V.C. Anthony C.J. Walton E.P. Creaser D.B. Sampson 22 ELEMENT B. ESTABLISHMENT OF A FISHERIES DATA BASE FOR MANAGING MAINE'S COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL FISHERIES: INTRODUCTION: Element B of the Coastal Zone Program comprised the first five tasks of a comprehensive plan to improve the fisheries data base for the management of Maine's marine resources. This was intended as a long term program and these planning segments form the outline for future work in this project. The second task, an evaluation of the existing program for the collection of landings data, demonstrated that the current system is inadequate because of understaffing and the relatively rapid growth and proliferation of the commercial and recreational fisheries during the last 20 years. This evaluation of current data collection programs is incomplete because the complexity and magnitude of the fisheries is greater than had been anticipated. The available information clearly demonstrate major sources of error for some fisheries but it has also suggested some reasonable corrective measures. The next task, an evaluation of the NMFS logbook system, also disclosed some sources of potential error although appropriate corrective measures could not be clearly defined. The review and automation of the DMR licensing system (Task 4) was planned and accomplished. Task 5, a survey of the fishing industry to determine landing patterns, encountered the problems which affected the evaluation of the landings data system; the magnitudeand complexity of the fisheries were 23 far greater than had been anticipated. This unappreciated complexity has been a problem at all management levels since the study revealed that both the state and federal landings data collection systems and the federal permit system did not include a number of fishermen and dealers. The memorandum of agreement between the Department of Marine Resources and the Maine State Planning Office indicated that this task of the program would be an ongoing program that would not be completed until 1981. The first portion of this task, therefore, the identification of landing areas for some of the major fisheries, has been partially completed. The sixth task, the identification of industry sectors where landings do not reflect catches, was also the first portion of an ongoing program. The first phase of this task was to begin the evaluation of catches and landings for day trip commercial and recreational vessels. This research started in the spring of 1979. ELEM NT B-1. The work program for this element was completed in the spring of 1979. 24 Element B-2. EVALUATE THE EXISTING PROGRAM FOR THE COLLECTION OF LANDINGS DATA. Major fish and shellfish landings and their value are shown in Table B-1 for 1973-1978. These data are not catches but are an under- estimate of landings of those fish and shellfish that are landed at Maine ports by commercial fishermen. Recreationa,I catches or commercial catches that are handled privately from fishermen to restaurants, markets, tackle shops, and marinas, or that are sold locally on the highways are not included. It is believed that, on the average, NMFS port agents collect information on only about 75 percent of the landings from the 15 ports that they visit.. Many ports are not visited, and the catch statistics are extremely inadequate for some species. Lobster landings, for example, are especially under-represented in the statistics. It is well known that the lobster landings tabulated by port agents at the dealer level have not been indicative of the total landings in recent years. Many lobsters are currently sold directly from fishermen to consumers, and in some cases the fishermen nevey sell their lobsters through dealers. Species that are nearly all sold through dealers are also underreported because some dealers are not checked by data collectors. The Department of Marine Resources has estimated that 52 million pounds of lobster bait are used each year along the Maine coast in lobster fishing operations. Much of.this--bait is groundfish,which is low tin @10" TABLE B-1. TOTAL LANDINGS, TOTAL VALUE, AND PRICE/POUND FOR SPECIES OF FISH LANDED AT MAINE PORTS Thousands of Pounds (Whole) (a) I Thouzdnds of Dollars Cents/Pound (Whole-FA-T- species 1973 974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1973 1974 975 1976 1977 1978 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Lobs te rs 17,044 16,458 17,017 19,001 18,488 19,130 23.270 23,213 27,479 29,238 32,101 33,878 136.5 141.0 161.0 153.9 174.0 177.0 Clams 7.260 5,903 6,541 7,368 7,83s 6,007 5,702 4,511 5,692 7,489 9,272 7,470 78.5 76.4 86.9 101.6 118.0 124.0 Shrimp 12,074 9,771 7.005 1,361 313 3,555 3,466 1,938 487 172 29.4 35.5 27.7 35.9 $5.0 1,. r j . i sit., I e s 28 34 32 38 20 1 20 32 31 36 111 6 11)1.9 92.8 96.1 93.0 90.9 97.7 Sandworms(b) 465 401 365 340 360 365 1,060 950 863 812 1,000 1,075 228.0 237.0 236.0 @239.0 278.0 2j5.Q Hloodorms(c) 195 173 197 130 97 69 1,745 1,570 1,779 1,256 1,314 1,165 197.0 202.0 234.0 201.0 228.0 198.0 Redfish 36,092 30,626 21,514 20,783 20,a01 22,406 2,578 2.326 1,979 2,604 3,140 3,736 7.1 7.6 9.2 12.5 15.0 11.0 t-j Scallops 604 445 1,594 629 395 90D 1,472 723 3,012 1,352 755 2,246 183.1 162.5 189.0 214.8 191.0 247.0 Ln Herring 37,229 47,398 36,247 70,233 73,050 66,895 1,080 1,793 1,423 3,053 3,545 3,782 2.9 3.8 3.7 4.3 5.0 6.0 Co.d 4,035 4,004 5,595 6,361 9,126 10,767 498 544 910 1,429 1,974 2,261 12.3 13.6 16.3 22.4 22.0 21.0 Pollock 2,357 3,594 5,917 7,717 10,685 15,313 107 328 547 849 1,406 2,446 7.9 9.1 9.2 10.2 13.0 16.0 White Hake 2,140 3,778 4,559 5,524 6,544 6,683 191 266 365 601 744 905 8.9 7.0 8.0 10.9 11.0 14.0 Grey Sole 1,310 575 771 852 1,694 3,046 269 144 250 392 847 1,568 20.4 25.0 33.5 46.0 50.0 $1.0 Whiting 5,517 2,869 1,198 40H 255 1,161 299 275 72 29 17 108 5.4 6.1 6.0 7.0 7.0 9.0 Menhaden 6,936 10,149 13,958 17,553 3,290 6,960 144 155 195 300 71 174 2.1 1.5 1.4 11.7 2.0 2.0 Haddock 352 229 776 1,537 2,250 4,615 124 87 276 733 960 1,599 35.2 38.0 35.6 47.7 43* 0 35.0 Dab 771 722 1,084 2,056 5.813 8,338 113 124 243 606 1,765 31126 14.7 17.2 22.4 29.5 30.0 37.0 Hussein 440 308 612 1,203 2,113 2,796 116 83 198 344 6BO 670 26.4 26.9 32.4 28.6 32.0 24.0 Yellowtail 210 240 532 314 331 509 23 45 104 121 133 212 19.3 22.9 32.0 36.4 40.0 42.0 blackback 120 197 325 388 428 723 33 45 126 108 124 263 15.9 18.7 23.6 27.7 29.0 36.0 ;Jewives 2.691 3,310 3,768 3,395 3,374 2.781 as 114 134 112 120 138 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.3 4.0 5.0 ts@urdfish (=) 119 146 610 380 366 H Ila 198 825 460 S69 (-) 99.2 135.6 135.1 121.0 156.0 Cubk 57a 632 801 862 1,000 1,338 61 76 104 147 163 228 10.6 12.1 13.0 17.0 16.0 17.0 a) All weights are for whole fish except clam , mussels (whole meats), and scallops (adductor muscle) ol calculated frQm D" estimates of number of sandworms per pound Japproximately 92 worms per poun4). cl Calculated from DMR estimates of number of bloodworms per pound (approximately 181 worms per pound). 26 unreported. Other types of bait are alewives in the spring period, herring when they become available and cheap, and redfish carcasses from the filleting plants. In recent years these sources of bait have become so expensive that some groundfish fishermen are making special trips to supply lobstermen with bait. The groundfish used for lobster bait are small and therefore, in terms of numbers, may be a significant proportion of the population. The severity of this underreporting is not known and in many cases cannot be estimated with any degree of confidence. Another general problem in data collection is the timing and location of landings. Maine landings data have to be collected on a monthly ba sis. If a dealer or plant does not have its landings data up to date the landings for one month may be reported in the following month. These discrepancies are usually corrected in the annual summary but the monthly landings remain in error. The problem of catch location is a major one for some fisheries. Groundfish, in particular, may be caught in eastern Maine but landed in Portland. Table B-2 shows catch data from NMFS.Statistical Area 511 (Figure B-1), as determined by prorating fisherman interview information to the total catches, compared with "Washington County landings." In cases in which the reported landings from Statistical Area 511 are greater than those reported in the Washington County landings, the difference is due to the fact that the fish are caught off Washington County, but are So '00 An '06 1" ON.; Aft Aw *n '40, *w o'n v") 've, "an Table B-2: Catches (1000 lbs.) FROM STATISTICAL AREA 511 AND WASHINGTON COUNTY LANDINGS (1000 lbs.), 1974-1978 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Distance from shore Diatance+from shore Distanci+from shore Distance from shore Distance from shore sp,cfos 0- 1 _ 3t Tot.1 Wdsh.CU 0-3_3 To tal Wash.Cty, 0-3 Total Wash.Cty. 0-3 3+ Total Wash.Cty. 0-3 3t Total Wash. Aluwivua 239 239 239 710 710 710 4al 481 481 251 251 251 257 257 243 Cod 711 103 181 91 98 208 306 114 78 44 122 91 36 41 77 42 Ifil 19 180 163 Cu@k 14 14 6 14 20 7 4 4 2 2 3 2 5 2 AmuriCdn oul 49 43 67 72 41 41 41 Bl4ukbdck a 8 a 26 26 26 2 2 1 1 10 1 11 7 C;r,y Solo 10 25 43 A 16 23 39 16 55 55 33 33 8 10 18 1 Y.Ilowt.il 1 1 .2 .2 .2 .2 41 16 9 25 16 28 16 44 29 13 13 35 .35 2 4 6 <1 itadaock 9 a] 92 11 14 151 165 16 36 36 2 18 20 2 14 41 55 15 h-i 114k. 1 1 WhItu liako la 86 24 17 43 60 23 15 is 33 21 30 16 46 40 28 30 58 25 ALI. 11.1thut I 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 1 1 12 12 14 s.a liurrIng 6,41a 6,418 6,418 6,597 6,597 6,597 14,329 14,329 14,329 14,395 14,395 14,395 14,534 14,534 14.727 mackurul 1 1 51 51 51 .2 .2 M.nhadon 22 22 22 li-Itish 110 110 322 322 76 76 58 58 1 23 24 Pollack 10 226 236 11 19 190 209 22 17 33 50 19 4 A 22 5 260 28 288 258 Dug f I tj h(11K) 1 1 1 Shark (UNC) I SkjLea 1 1 SINoIL 3 3 3 12 12 12 20 20 20 17 17 17 19 19 19 Silvor Hake Wolffidh 3 2 5 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 <1 ULh.r fish 20 20 Rock Crab 11 11 11 38 38 46 25 23 23 Iobaters 2,092 2,092 2,092 1,742 1,742 1,910 2,489 2,489 2,409 2,021 2,021 2,020 1,936 1,936 2,148 shrimp 29 29 29 30 30 . 30 CIAM, soft 2,619 2,619 2,619 2-,675 2,675 2,675 2,830. 2,830 2,830 3,661 3,661 3,661 2,567 2,567 2,567 Cwicha 2 2 2 3 3 3 a a mu@suls 22 22 22 17 17 17 76 76 76 378 37U 378 P.riwinkles 14 14 14 15 15 15 13 13 13 11 11 11 6 6 6 scallops 96 96 96 195 195 195 102 102 102 109 14 123 123 107 107 107 Squid .2 .2 sod urchins iilo@dwormu 160 160 160 198 198 198 99 99 99 10 107 107 102 102 102 [email protected] 274 274 273 297 297 297 333 333 333 356 356 356 353 353 353 FIGURE B-1 NMFS Statistical Areas C 00 4 6 6' %lot Po A,4 Aft IN, '00 On \00 an @m 1*0 29 landed in areas other than Washington County, Landings data are frequently used as catches although, in some cases, they are quite different. The landings data for invertebrates (Table B-2), agree over the period examined (1974-78). There are considerable discrepancies for cod, gray sole, dab, haddock, white hake, redfish, and pollock. Of these species, only 60 percent of the cod caught in Statistical Area 511 was landed in Washington County. Of the other species, 19 percent of the gray sole, 37 percent of the dab, 12 percent of the haddock, 68 percent of the white hake, and 39 percent of the pollock were reportedly landed in Washington County. Of the redfish caught in Statistical Area 511 during 1974-78, there were no reported landings in Washington County. A weighted average of 35 percent of those seven species that were reported caught in Statistical Area 511 were actually landed in Washington County. The reported landings in Washington County and their value, therefore, should generally be increased by an overall factor of 2.9 for these species to approximate the catch of these fish taken in the Washington County area. The National Marine Fisheries service has announced that the Maine Landings Bulletin will be discontinued in 1980. This will require DMR to have on-line computer facilities to the NMFS catch data base but the data obtained will be more accurate in that they will reflect catches rather than landings. The data will be updated at least annually and preliminary monthly data will be destroyed. 30 Six men are responsible for the collection and compilation of Maine's fishery catch statistics. The area covered and duties performed by each is summarized as follows: Name Affiliation Area Covered Duties Robert N.M.F.S. York County plus 1. accumulates and checks Morrill Portland finfish landings data from Portland wharves using weighout slips. 2. accumulates lobster data from dealers and stores for his entire area. 3. accumulates finfish landings data for York County using trucking slips. 4. performs some biological sampling at Portland wharves. 5. supplies information on vessel and gear loans. Richard N.M.F.S. Cumberland Co. 1. collects landings data Barnard (assists Morrill for all species landed in Portland) at those dealers Sagadahoc, Lincoln visited in his area. to Friendship (Knox Co.) Peter N.M.F.S. Rockland and Port 1. collects redfish landings Marcoon Clyde at Rockland. 2. performs biological sampling at Rockland and Port Clyde. 3. collects herring information from Rockland. Kent D.M.R. Knox Co. 1. collects landings data Glover (excluding for all species landed .Friendship) at those dealers Hancock and visited in his area. Washington Co. 31 Name 'Affiliation Area Covered Duties statewide 1. coordinates the collection Lewis D.M.R. Lozier of herring landing data statewide. 2. codes data for computer processing. Maintains current catch and effort records in Maine's sardine fishery. 3. collects herring samples statewide. Philip N.M.F.S. Eastport and 1. obtains landings information Wentworth Lubec on herring in the general area. 2. collects herring samples in eastern Maine. 3. assists in annual weir survey. 4. records herring imports These personnel record much of the commercial landings data (from their numerous sources) on weighout slips (purchases from fishing vessels). one slip is retained by the dealer, one by the fisherman, one by the port agent, and one is coded and sent to Woods Hole. In some cases they are assisted indirectly by DMR. This is true in the case of soft clam and mussel landings (obtained from Dana Wallace, DMR), alewife landings (collected from fishermen reported to NMFS by Lewis Flagg, DMR) and in one case from the lobster landings obtained from six locations in Brunswick by DMR Marine Patrol.Officers- An example of a completed weighout form is shown in Figure B-2. In addition to weighout slips, the NMFS port agents attempt to obtain as many interviews as possible and to obtain length and age 32 Figure B-2: Completed Weighout Form U. S. DEPA97MENI OF commEecE ,nQNAL OCIAN@ AW0Aj@03#.LX,Z .*-S-j.0N PURCHASES FROM FISHING VESSELS IN,rfhcSI.! .. 40", -c C@@ I a @Xhv - @GM I C LANDED Do ts f 08 11 1 /tj 0 1 @6 coo JAotkt 108131 t S-d 10-8-1 A 1 CUSIc 109601 HADDOCK L-9. 11 scrod i 1:;io 11 MAU R.d ! 15201 Whit. 115-101 d OCEAN PERCH ;;.ci i.hl I 2AQ0 q POLLOCK :2691 i I WHITING ;-@d 150901 D,.,,.d 150931 WOLFIS14 (C.tiih) I L120i GREY SOLE 10,9. f 1221 1 1 Smoll 11222 ; I LEMON SOLE Large 11201 1 1 YELIOWTAIL 11231 ! I S-11 112321 BLACKBACK L*,q. 11202 i sm.11 112031 DAB L-9. 112,11 5-11 112101 FLUKE Msdi- 1"212 1 S-11 1121A j BLUEF9SH G.".d 102321 BUTTERFLSH Ms,d@.. 10516 i S..11 105161 i "MiR."INGil SEA 116E5 1 12120s L.19. 132904 SCUP M.6wm 132921 132931 lor9t, 1335H !SEA BASS 133561 isnipm BASS 141801 17AUTOG I A3801 TILEFISH IAA701 SHRfMP 173601 LOBSTER 1727A I 172731 1 SCAUOPS, SEA 18009 j I soun) 180301 I OTHER FOR FOOD 15260! OTHER FOR REDUCTION 152901 TOTAI 1 &,9 NOTE: l.d;-W..i r.,.- 33 samples of the catch. The interview is conducted with the captain or mate of the vessel to obtain.additional information of fishing effort and the area of catch. Since the medium and large size vessels travel further from the home port, a greater effort is made to interview these vessels. Figure B-3 is an example of a NMFS interview record. Very few interviews are made in Maine at other than a few major ports due to logistical problems. The length of the coastline and the travel time generally preclude the collection of extensive interview and sample information. Sampling is done to provide information on length, age and species composition. Table B-3 gives a summary breakdown for sampling by species. Five samples per market category, per month, per sampling area are required. For species not specifically identified in Table B-3 (excepting shellfish) a basic sampling of 100 from each market category per month should be taken and 25 specimens selected on a stratified basis for aging. In 1978 only three groundfish samples were collected in Maine. Management plans for groundfish for the Gulf of Maine generally contain no sampling information from Maine waters. The problems of data collection vary from species to species and a description of-the details of data collection with suggested methods for improvement are given for some of these species. LOBSTER: Lobster landings (in pounds) are collected by DMR and NMFS port 34 Figure B-3. Otter Trawl Interview NEW ENGLAND STATES NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE INTERVIEW RECORD - CONFIDENTIAL VESSEL C!@TE PORT 11' SEAR Jo Jo 13. 241 o5 VESSEL CODE JDATE SAILED: TDAE DATE LANDED: 71ME S UOY VES. 4. 5. 2@374 I., 16o(ESH SIZE TRIP TYPE 1AYS AR LTOTAL HAIL COLL 9. 5-ow c- 1 1;. rZo 2.6 p. 1.5 ill _@IME LOST GROUND GROUND GROUND 50 35 Fath AREA A N I _ JAR;-:A 1POSITION DEPTH ARE POSITIO DEPTH @ 5 1poS1jIoN I I DY. Z NT. DAY ONLY NT. ONLY I DY. & MT. JDAY ONLY INT. ONLY DY. & -NT. rNLY INT.-ONLY 19. 2.0 0. 121. NO. TOW J'UR.TOW ITIMEDAY I-NO.TOW JDUR.TOW TIN-46DAY NO.TOW DL1R.TOW TIMEDAY 3 COD. LARGE 0911 25. COD. 164KT- 0913 COD, SCROD 0914 HADDOCK .5 LARGE 1470 HADOOCII SC'OD ..75 REDFISH 2400 YELLOWTAIL 1230 FLUKE 1719 BLACX BACK 1200 LM.SOLE 1201 DAB 1240 GPAYSOLE 1220 WHITE. RND- S090 POLL DPN. 269pt HERRING 163S SHRIMP 7360 SEA SCALLOP 1009 UNC. FOOD S260 UNC. REDUCT. 5290 DISCARD @'c 9 4's 7.1 en e 35 Table B-3. Sampling requirements by species, number and type. Species Lengths Scales Otoliths Blackback 100 25 -- Cod: Scrod 50 -- 10 20 Market 100 Large/whole 100 20 Mixed 100 20 Cusk 100 -- 20 Dab 100 25 -- Gray Sole 25 -- Haddock: Scrod 50 15 15 Large 100 20 20 Adult Sea Herring 100 -- 30 Lobster 100 -- Mackerel 100 -- freeze 30 fish 30 Pollock 100 20 -- Redfish 100 sexed -- 10 10 River Herring: Alewife 100 20 Blueback. Sea Scallops 200 -- -- Shad 100 25 25 Shrimp so -- -- Silver Hake 100 sexed 10 10 Squid 50 -- -- Striped Bass 100 25 25 White Hake 100 25 25 Yellowtail 100 sexed 25 -- 25 36 agents from sampling locations within their areas of responsibility. Additional information on the length-frequency and mean weight, sex, and number of culls and shedders in the commercial lobster catch is available by dealer, by county, by month and for the nine month sampling season (April-Dec.) for the years 1966-1979 in DMR lobster project records. These records also contain information on catch, effort, and catch/effort expressed as lbs/trap haul, numbers/trap haul, numbers/trap haul set-over-days, lbs/boat day, and lbs/man day. PROBLEMS IN THE COLLECTION OF LOBSTER LANDINGS INFORMATION: 1. No landings are recorded for lobsters that are peddled or consumed by fishermen. The magnitude of these landings is unknown but is felt to be substantial and increasing in recent years. 2. Some lobster landing sites are not known to the port agents, although most of the landing sites are known and visited. 3. It is possible that some lobster landings are reported twice; this may occur in situations in which port agents collect landings data from facilities that buy lobsters from other dealers. POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS: 1. There should he a routine comparison of lobster data collection 37 sites visited by the DMR lobster research project and those sites visited by port agents. 2. A sampling program could estimate the amount of lobsters sold directly from fishermen to consumers by sampling individual lobster fishermen. Such data would be expensive and very difficult to collect since fishermen are reluctant to provide such data. The value of such data would be difficult to assess but this approach should be seriously considered. HERRING: Fishery inspectors of the Maine Department of Agriculture stationed at the sardine canneries provide the basic sardine catch data on two forms: an inspection slip and catch cards (Figure B-4). Each inspector fills out a daily inspection slip and an accompanying catch card for boat load of fish arriving at each sardine plant in his area. The inspection slips are sent to the Maine Department of Agriculture while the catch cards are sent directly to DMR at Boothbay Harbor. Every three weeks or so, the Department of Agriculture sends the daily inspection slips to Lewis Lozier at Boothbay Harbor. The catch cards supply the name of the sardine plant, the amount of fish landed at the plant.either in bushels or hogsheads, the date of.landings and type of fishing gear used, the fisherman's name, where the fish were caught, how the fish were utilized and average number of fish packed to the sardine can. Usually the fish were packed as sardines but there were times when 38 7. 77r- ........... ...... ...... . ..... 7,C'SECTC D i _.@ 110zhIES -PAU10, 00. CiM 7' 70 '70Ct,@AIVD 12911y1f oa A MN 2.@ yz>F 7.5AL T BAR:),,NE U;5?ZC-.OR'6 DAILV REPORT -70 N- of F.".1y //0Z Al 4ES @9 00' To--- LOT i LOT 2 LOT 3 Arr@t Vish Re@d- -Soo go. -7 Sroo .1 Fuh Mr DESCR T mr P-cs Time Fuh Arri,ed 0 A M Q 0 A Ad F-d E-.m.t- I -Illy* TokI5 F/-V/l 01her E-mination (xvxEc-rEo). A@'t F,@h K-" CISII Al FA X_ No. f4h Lr C@n 1/0 S-it@@ Condttion of Fact- lf,4 R-A@ 7' 1 ?,A Ck 9 D 70 FIS Al N.. of C.d@ -b- 7,TS of c,n -@@d Re.@ Ti@@ ..d T-p-,- S ac> SO WIA( N.. i Figure B-4 Sardine catch card and both sides of a-typical "inspection slip" showing sources of catch information from the Maine sardine fishery. 39 part or all of the catch landed was rejected for use as sardines and were sold for lobster bait or sent to a reduction plant. A daily inspection slip (required by the state) reported the condition of the herring, processing information and statistical data of the catch such as catch amount, numbers of fish packed per can and catch location. Peter Marcoon collects landings information from fillet plants in Rockland and Philip Wentworth collects the landings from adult herring processing facilities in Eastport and Lubec. Lewis Lozier collects the landings information from freezing and filleting facilities in Boothbay Harbor and filleting facilities in Bath and Yarmouth. Herring imported into Maine are collected monthly at the custom offices. All the landings data are computerized at NMFS, Woods Hole, Massachusetts and can be retrieved by week, biweekly, gear, county, moonphase, and by area within a section (see Fig. B-5). Herring landings information is reported in Maine Landings by gear type, by county, and by month. The landings data collected for herring are by far the most complete for any of Maine's fisheries. At least part of the reason for this stems from the fact that at least nine people are involved in the collection of this information in a cooperative program among Maine's Departments of Agriculture, Marine Resources, the sardine industry and NMFS. PROBLEMS IN THE COLLECTION OF HERRING LANDINGS INFORMATION: 1. Herring obtained from both the stop seine and weir fisheries and sold as lobster bait are not recordedin the landings. 40 700 69 670 N. 2 NAUTICAL MILES 450- 13 450 0 A 4 ov 7 SA 10 440- 44! 4 14 A 6 1-7 ------ Sub Area Division Area Division Sardine Plants A Sardine Plants with Freezer (8)N 19 430 -1430 Af 70* 690 680 676 W Figure -B"5 Statistical sub-areas, areas and sections of the Maine coast used in reporting catch and biological information concerned with-herring fisheries'. The location of sardine plants with and without sampling freezers is shown for 1969. 41 2. When sardine abundance is high, catches are underreported. Sampling of the Maine sardine fishery for disease, growth, age, racial characteristics, etc. began on a limited basis in 1960. In 1963, an intense sampling program was begun as chest type freezer (22 cubic foot) were installed in eight sardine plants along the Maine coast (Figure B-5) for sampling purposes. An effort was made to collect a minimum of two samples every two weeks from each subarea or 84 samples every two weeks along the Maine coast during the fishing season. State fishery inspectors (Maine Department of Agriculture, Division of Inspection) which were on duty at each sardine cannery took a sample of approximately 100 fish from each carrier as the sardines were unloaded at the cannery. Sample boxes were provided (Fig. B-6) with space allotted for the desired information about each sample on the cover. The inspector provided the information on the cover of the sample box and-placed the samples in the freezer. Approximately every two weeks the samples were collected and returned to the Boothbay Harbor laboratory. The following types of data were then taken from each sample from 1963 to 1973: (1) Age information-year class, month of life, year of life (.2) Lengths-total and head (to nearest mm) (3), Body weight (to 1/10th of a gram) (4) Meristic counts-vertebrate, pectoral and dorsal fin rays (5) Fecundity-egg number, gonad weight (nearest gram), maturity stage 42 30"Vis No. A."C.44 &-IS %,- Flow. RAI_9,A Z:lC;kS A,so "A a-A,oz;z&A?AC@X;%l16 Co. Cwr;w CgWr@p4lCA-rAL Inspecor Y. 1AASyUC"-- TftW-(* 16*tft 0 9 WT W.-it Pd.. 3 Loort kn '04% WC Clk 'A A Sk Z . R :L 6 o-i 9 owlth L Fish Year body Itef. Fish No. Class Total 14@d Wqt. Vsrj. lt.P. 0. Anel k" No- No. Z M. it It 001 ( 0 f'. 1 1.3. 1 Q. (D 00000" &Yba 001 '36.aLi It. '6 '5 3. 1 002 003 003 004. -13. 3 4 -.03S 004 005 00S WI . 3'1 006 , 36 @*4%*. Slo 1 3. 006 & 007' 2. 33 @o3f. I @ 9,S I & 10 .3. OUT we, Z 6 *4*ci@. @5 6 VM, 000 Wo 3 6 o'3%3'- 9 6 3 009 010 9,9 3 010 off. Oil U. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY BOOTHBAY HARBOR, MAINE Phone No. 3 or 77 AMT. OF HERRING LANDED ZZ2,5Q Z z-, DATE s'r-Qf-2-n --jr-Z SARDINE PLANT #o A., ei; PLANT Loc. 7q,-,@/qmd FISHERM" de -req EXACT CATCH LOC. C-ARRIEEt .1ow AAA INSPECrOR 00-'F 1@04% Figure.B-6 Biological herring sample coding form (upper figure) used for recording datz from herring samples and cover of sample box (lower figure) as provided to sardine inspectors for sampling purposes. 43 (6) Sex (7) Disease and parasites-counts of cestodes and nematodes, presence or absence of fungus, pigment spot and myxosporidian From 1973 to the present, length, weight, otoliths for aging, sex, and stage of maturity were recorded. In 1978, 421 samples were processed in Maine and 540 were processed through October of 1979.' The present sampling system is adequate for most types of management needs. SOFT-SHELL CLAMS AND MUSSELS: Soft-shell clam and mussel landings are compiled by DMR and the DMR and NMFS port agents collect the landings information from DMR records at Hallowell. Since 1964, all shellfish dealers have been required by law to submit monthly purchase records listing the number of diggers, the number of bushels dug, and the area dug during each day when purchases were made. The total number of bushels are then accumulated for each town and reported by county, by month, and year in the DMR records. Port agents collect the value information (price/bushel) from various sources including dealers and the warden reports. PROBLEM AREAS: 1. Some dealers occasionally do not list the towns where the clams are dug. 2. The diggers may not report.accurate digging locations to the dealers. 44 3. The landings data for the western part of the state are incomplete because an unknown number of bushels are peddled or sold directly to markets and restaurants without passing through a dealer. The problem is not as serious in the eastern part of the state because of the lack of outlets. 4. The reliability of the information regarding number of diggers and number of bushels reported, is not checked. 5. No attempt is made to estimate the landings of "mess diggers." 6. The MDMR has been informed by dealers in Washington County that the mussel landings are greatly underestimated. 7. There has been a problem in recording Casco Bay mussel landings. For instance, during 1978, 33,781 bushels of mussels were recorded for the month of June when the entire area was closed because of PSP. Some of the apparent errors have originated within the DMR data recording and compilation system. POSSI BLE IMPROVEMENTS: 1. Some additional field personnel could be used to check the accuracy of the landings data. DMR personnel presently being used to check shucking houses could assist with this matter by interviewing diggers 45 independently of the dealer's record. 2. An automated printout system for dealer's landings would be of value. 3. The monthly record of a dealer's purchases lacks value information. This information could be easily recorded with the daily entry if a space for recording the information were available on the form. 4. Catch/effort information for the soft-shell clam and mussel fishery are available from the dealer reports in the form of bushels/digger/day (by.town), but this information has never been compiled for analysis. MARINE WORMS: Kent Glover and Richard Barnard collect marine worm landings information each month at all dealer locations between Wiscasset and aonesport. Dealer listings are reviewed annually from DMR license applications. The landings are collected in numbers and converted into and reported in Haine Landings as pounds. Additional information on the length frequency and mean length,, weight, sex, and condition of the commercial bloodworm and sandworm catch is available by dealer, by county, by month, and for the six- month sampling period (April-Sept.). for the years 1973-1976 in DMR records. These records also contain information on catch, effort, and catch/effort in the form of numbers dug/tide, numbers dug/hr., pounds 46 dug/tide, and pounds dug/hour by county (Lincoln, Hancock, Washington) and coastwide by month and six-month period. PROBLEM AREAS: 1. It is known that several dealers do not always give accurate information for Maine Landings and occasionally the monthly count for a dealer may be off by 10,000-20,000 worms. A significant problem is reporting the landings in the correct month. If the dealer does not keep his records up to date the worm landings may be recorded as having occurred in the following month. 2. The conversion factors used to convert numbers into pounds in Maine Landings have been erroneous since their incep- tion. One dealer has informed DMR that he aided in the originial error by selecting the longest worms possible to make up a pound. The degree of error involved is shown as follows: The conversion factor used The actual value derived through in Maine Landings a random sampling of the commercial catch 1973 1974 1975 1976 44/lbs. (bloodworms) 219/lb. 191/lb. 172/lb. 171/lb. 40/lbs. (sandworms) 83/lb. 82/lb. 78/lb. 86/lb. 3. There are no collections of landings data from the western 47 portion of the state where locally dug worms are sold at some bait and tackle shops, marinas, and used on headboats. 4. Sometimes there are errors in the value of the worms reported. These errors occur when a variable price is paid for worms of different sizes. This information is difficult for the dealer to document. 5. Occasionally, no information is recorded from new dealers because their operations have not been discovered by the port agent. This problem is usually corrected promptly although dealers have been known to operate for several years unknown to the port agents. 6. It is generally not known by the port agent if the landings recorded by a dealer include the landings of his supplemental buyers. This results in double counting and recording of data from the wrong area. Other problems associated with possible future attempts by DMR to sample marine worms (for catch, effort, and size information) at commercial landing sites are discussed in greater detail in Element B-5. POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS: 1. The landings data could be improved if the State issued a dealers record book that could be filled out during each low tide buying period. Voluntary dealer input would 48 be required to design such a book. 2. The landings should be reported in numbers and new conversion factors should be used to convert numbers to pounds (if it is felt that information of this nature is still essential). 3. The port agents should review the DMR list of licensed marine worm dealers more frequently or the DMR should .routinely send a current list of licensed marine worm dealers to the port agents. REDFISH: The majority of the redfish landings data are collected from two large processors by NMFS port agents in Portland and Rockland. Incidental catches are also recorded from many other ports. PROBLEMS IN THE COLLECTION OF REDFISH LANDINGS INFORMATION: The large commercial landings at the two large processors comprise the greater portion of the catch but some redfish are landed at small' processors and sold directly from the fish counters as fresh fish. These small landings probably go unreported. ALEWIVES: Since 1974, towns with alewife runs have been required to keep landings information. The selectmen in each town supply Lewis Flagg (DMR) with the name of each run foreman. These names are reported to 49 port agents who then collect the monthly landings information through interviews or mailings. PROBLEM AREAS: 1. The data are collected on a watershed basis and presented in Maine Landings by county. The most useful reporting form for these data would probably be on the watershed basis. 2. Alewives and blueback herring landings data are lumped together. 3. Alewife data are collected in bushels and reported in pounds. Some run foremen report their catch to the data collectors in bus hels.and others convert bushels to pounds using their own conversion factors. Some conversion factors are 70 lbs/bushel and others are 80 lbs/bushel. 4. Apparently some non-reporting exists at the St. George River and Nequasset runs; some bait sold to fishermen is not recorded. 5. A number of problems occur in the reporting of monthly data. Sometimes fish caught in May and June are reported for July and August. April landings are often estimates based on past experience which are then "adjusted" in the final Maine Landings. Most of the data available are from the river fisheries but landings are frequently reported 50 in months when these fisheries are not operating. There is an expanding inshore industrial fishery for alewives and blueback herring and these landings are not recorded but may be lumped as fish for reduction. OTHER FINFISH: Finfish landings are collected by DMR and NMFS port agents from locations reported within their individual areas of responsibility. At each location, the port agents record the finfish landings for each vessel trip reported on federal weighout slips by the dealer. Most of the landings data collected from York County (approx. 95%) are obtained from the sales slips from 3 trucking firms. The port agents believe that they record about 75% of the fish landings for the 15 ports they visit. All landings data are collected monthly and accumulated by vessel size, by gear used, by gear size (in some cases), by species, by species size (where applicable) and by county, and recorded in Maine Landings. PROBLEMS IN THE COLLECTION OF FINFISH LANDINGS INFORMATION: 1. The port agents collect landings data in 15 ports and there are undoubtedly numerous other sites where fish are landed but where no information is collected. There is some evidence for this since a list of 29 facilities visited by port agents does not correspond with: 1) a list of finfish dealers who have received dealer logbooks; 2) a list of 51 wholesale fish dealers recorded from the telephone directory and 3) DMR licensed wholesale seafood dealers and processors who either purchase fish directly from the boats or operate finifish unloading facilities. 2. At certain facilities where the port agents collect landings data, the major facility may also have supplemental buying stations. In some cases it is not known if the landings at the supplemental buying stations are reported with those of the major facility. 3. The data collected are landings, not catches, and generally the data are used as catches. For some species, the catch within the water of a county are twice the reported landings in that county. For example, the reported landings of herring in Washington County in 1978 was 14.7 million pounds whereas the catch as determined from the catch cards was 28.2 million pounds. For this species the differences between landings and catch are well known; for other species they are not. Numerous other problems associated with possible future attempts by DMR to sample finfish (for catch, effort, and size information) at commercial landing facilities, are discussed in greater detail in Element B-5. 52 PERIWINKLES: The names and locations of people and facilities dealing with periwinkles have been obtained either directly or indirectly from the most recent listing of DMR licensed wholesale seafood dealers and processors and from the DMR shellfish records. This list is included in Table B-12along with collection sites visited by port agents. Most of the reported landings are from Washington County. PROBLEM AREAS: 1. Landings data are incomplete. In Washington County, landings have been obtained from only 2 of 18 known dealers. Telephone interviews suggest that, in fact, most of the shellfish dealers in Washington County buy and sell periwinkles. Telephone interviews indicated that two Jonesport dealers purchased 60 thousand pounds of meats in 1977. Reported 1977 Maine landings were 11 thousand pounds of meats for the county based on two dealers, one in Lubec and one in Eastport. The combined total 1977 landings therefore, of these four dealers were 71 thousand pounds of meats. If we conservatively assume that these four dealers buy as many periwinkles as the remaining 14 dealers combined, the total 1977 harvest would have been 140 thousand pounds of meats; 13 times the reported landings. 53 MACKEREL: Atlantic mackerel, in addition to being an important commercial species, is an important species in the recreational cat ch along the middle Atlantic and Northeast coasts of the U.S. During the past 15 years, it has been among the dozen most important species of fishes to anglers, especially to anglers fishing from party and charter boats. In Maine and the Canadian Maritimes, large numbers of mackerel are caught from docks and floats or in skiffs close to shore. In nationwide surveys and in a survey of the Northeast, mackerel ranked 12th, 7th, 3rd, and 7th in 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1974, respectively, in total weight of recreational catches from Virginia through Maine. The catches of mackerel are not known for any of the recreational fisheries and the commercial c.atch data are questionable. 54 ELEMENT B-3. EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE LOGBOOK SYSTEM. The mandatory logbook system of the National Marine Fisheries Service, scheduled for implementation on October 1, 1979, has the potential to become our most important resource of commercial catch data. Our reviews and investigations tend to show, however, that this potential may not be realized immediately,*owing for the most part to fisherman attitudes and enforcement problems. We have attended two formal conferences with NMFS and the New England States on the logbook system, and many problems of implementation, enforcement, completeness of requirements, data compilation, and data accessing remain to be resolved.. At the first of these meetings, a permanent Statistical- Technical Committee was appointed. This committee, to which we have assigned a DMR scientist, is a working group composed of member-scientist from NMFS and the New England States. The committee met again on May 10, 1979, to address such practical problems as data sharing and standardization of processing methods. The committee put together a Fishery Statistics-Data Collection Program outline (Table B-4) which is being used to describe the data collection system in each state for coordination purposes. Thus, even if the logbook is not of immediate use in improving the data collection system, the problems of implementing a logbook system have produced a new look at the overall problem which is a significant step forward. 55 Table B-4 Fishery Statistics Data Collection Program outline FISHERY STATISTICS D,,TA COLLECTION PROCJWZ 1. Specific r)ata Collection Program Name A. General Description of Program 1. Authorization for Collection 1known conflicts) a. Enforcement regulations 2. Methods Of Collecting Data B. Purpose (Intended) - Use of datai objectives of management programs and how the data will be utilized to achieve objectives and enforcing existing regulations. C. Types of Reporting-Tools and coverage 1. Type1 '1* geographical b. frequency C. Identification (who) - major vs. minor contributions 2. Type2 a. others which fit your program or needs D. Flow of Data 1. Identify Point to Point(s) 2. Product Outou t(s) - Summary reports, publication(s) E. Date Items Collected F. Existing Automatic Data Processing 1. Formats and Flow Diagrams 2. Access Potentials and Restrictions G. runding/Resource Required to Support Current Programs 1. Personnel 2. Equipment and Supplies 3. A.D.P. Processing H. Problems 1. Data Exchange/Data Access 2. Limitations a. Redundancy within Program b. Overlap with other Programs c. Others 11. Coordination with: A. Other State Programs B. National Marine Fisheries Service C. Regional Councils D. State-Federal Program or Other Federal Agencies 111. Data Need Yet Not Currently Collected TV. Known Access to Data by Out;ide Groups/Constituencies V. Need TIon-existing Resources for T@urther Program. Development (all anr-cts) 56 In this contract segment of our coastal zone program, we were going to evaluate the logbook system against an improved port sampling system. This was planned when the logbooks were to be in place on April 15, 1979. With the postponement of mandatory logbooks until October 1, this comparison could not he accomplished in this contract segment. I The primary intent of the National Marine Fisheries Service mandatory logbook reporting system is to collect catch and effort information and to accumulate a data base for the assessment of the condition of the fish stocks in accordance with the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-265). The use of logbook reporting under the FCMA originated with a mandatory requirement for all permitted vessels fishing for groundfish in March, 1977. This was a carryover from ICNAF and even the same forms were used. On November 8, 1977, the NEFMC Regulatory Measures Committee met in Peabody for the purpose of designing and implementing uniform regulations that would be a basis for future management plans. Among the items discussed was a uniform logbook report form that would be useful and recognizable all along the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean fishing areas. On February 16-17, 1978, the Committee met again in Crystal City, Virginia where a sub-committee made recommendations for the substance of the logbook reports. NMFS was requested to put together a model based on these findings. On May 22, 1978, a Committee 57 meeting was scheduled for Peabody. Representatives of the Regulatory Measures Committees of the Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Fishery Management Councils were invited to participate and all did so. The only two items on the agenda'were review and adoption of common vessel logbooks and common dealer logbooks for all finfish. The drafts provided for comment were constructively criticised. As a result, the report forms were completely redesigned and on June 9, 1978, were sent by mail to all members as well as the Northeast Fisheries Center for comment. Substantial constructive comments were received and changes made in the forms. Sample vessel report forms were then distributed to part agents to circulate among the captains of fishing vessels for their comments. Some of these were of a constructive nature and further changes were incorporated. Further meetings were held with the Statistics Branch and the NEFC, who had the responsibility for processing the material and would be major users. In October, samples of the forms were provided to the Executive Director of the New England Council, who in turn distributed to all Council members for comment and suggestions for change. Minor changes were made right up to the day that the material was sent to the printers. The logbooks for finfish fishing vessels and finfish dealers and processors were delivered from the printers in late March and early April. On April 16, NMFS started mailing, by certified mail, two copies of the appropriate logbooks, along with cover letters to all 58 holders of commercial fishing permits in the groundfish and herring fisheries, and to all dealers and processors that had been identified as first purchasers by the states or the NMFS Statistics Branch. The cover letter included the information that meetings would be scheduled in the near future to discuss any problems they.might have with the report forms. A notice of the meeting schedule was mailed to all permit holders, dealers and processors who received logbooks. Notices were also sent to the media mailing list. Thirteen meetings were then held from May 7 to June 29 from Maine to New Jersey.' All of the meetings were conducted by outlining the purpose of the reports, clarifying some possible problem areas, and then asking who had problems with the vessel report form. People were specifically asked to comment on the format of the report forms as well as problems they anticipated in complying with the reporting requirements. As a result of these meetings, it became obvious that some administrative accomodations were necessary to make the system operate effectively with a minimum amount of industry disruption. The vessel report format apparently did not require major changes at the time, but could be improved in the next printing. Clarifying some of the instructions is one obvious necessary change. The dealer/processor report form was another matter entirely. It will be necessary to make some major changes in the present form and probably two and perhaps three separate forms will be necessary to meet the particular needs of'all industry segments. A task force of industry-government people was put together 59 to accomplish this. The question of enforcement use of the logbook data is a serious one. The log reports could be an effective law enforcement tool and would improve the efficiency of enforcement. The log reports required of the 100 plus gross registered ton vessels and others since 1977 have been used for enforcement with little apparent hardship on the fishermen. However, it has been agreed that the enforcement use of the new vessel log reports for groundfish will be restricted to the requirement to report and that the reports must be accurate. This is a departure from enforcement policy in other fisheries (such as herring and surf clams) @where the present reporting system could be used for enforcement. The concern with the confidentiality of the information provided in the log reports is based on several factors. The need to protect industry information from competitors is prevalent in some cases, while in others the availability of information to the Internal Revenue Service is questioned. Some people feel that availability to enforcement agents violates the confidentiality of the information. The first two concerns will be covered by regulations issued by the Secretary of Commerce in compliance with Section 303(d) of the FCMA. It would then, require a court order to release the information except in aggregate or summary form. Since the log report form mandate cannot be met without enforcement agent participation, the opinion that this violates confidentiality can only be answered by the fact that the agents are 60 covered by the same strong confidentiality statutes as other federal employees and will not operate in violation of the Secretary's regulations under the FCMA, or any other applicable regulation or statute. Probably only through several years of practice will industry concerns in this area be lessened. More specifically, NMFS has agreed to accept records of fishing location by chart area so exact fishing locations would not be available at all. This accommodation appeared to satisfy the most often mentioned concern with reporting by vessels. [much of the above was taken from a report on the logbook informational meetings by Dick Seamans to the Chairmen of the Atlantic Groundfish and Atlantic Herring Oversight Committees]. While NMFS has recognized many of the problems with the logbooks and made many changes, many problems still exist and are listed below. It should be remembered, however, that no new system like a logbook system can be suitable for all and the implementation of such a system could be held up for years in attempts to recognize everyones concerns. The logbook report program was originally envisioned as a dynamic one, subject to change as necessary to afford the industry the opportunity to provide the best data available as a basis for management decisions. To proceed now seems appropriate to D14R given that changes will occur as we go along. LOGBOOK PROBLEM AREAS: A. The poor design of the mandatory logbook system: 61 1. Port agents routinely using the weighout forms (Purchases from Fishing Vessels - see Fig. B-2.) believe there is no valid reason for changing the format; most of the features were already in the desirable form and all that was needed was a code number. 2. The old weighout slips were routinely used as receipts by the dealers. The dealers are now very concerned that the logbook forms cannot be used conveniently as receipts. 3. The logbook is large, unwieldy, and does not resemble any standard business form. 4. The new fishing vessel and processor's records require (see Fig. B-7) a record of the fishermen's permit number s. The processors believe that this will result in additional book- keeping for them. 5. The weighout form presently in use has a place for the value entry (price/lb). The new fishing vessel records do not have any such entry and the value entry is reported on the processor's record. There is, therefore, no way to check the price that the processor said he paid the fisherman against the fisherman's reported landed value. 6. There isno way to compare the areas fished between the old and new forms. The data are currently recorded by statistical area but in the new log, it is proposed that this information will 62 Figure B-7: The proposed vessel and dealer log books FISHING VESSEL RECORD (FINFISH) NEW ENGLAND y lpli@,T No YV9191L NAIRC (D.It, SAILED"- LANDE;; PRIMARY *UV0R:-.- A000CR jWLL0WT&Ik11..L... J FLOU.01A ORIGINAL: RETAIN IN BOOK PROCESSOR'S RECORD (Finfish) Now England/ Mid-Atlantic DEALER NAME NAME PIERMIT NO. 0121312 1 1 1 1 1121311 S101910 0!51110 1 1 1 1 1 1 1121312 1 1 1 1 1 1 3101913 1141710 1 1 1 1 01911131 1 151.10 1 1 1 1 I 16 I'D !5 1 1 L.b, 2111210 0. lf2!0!2 I I 1 1 1 1 2141010 1 1 1 1 E - 1121013 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 2 It 19 1 1_I 112111, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 f 11219!01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1121. 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 31219j2 1121110 1 1 1 1 1 1 3i21913 I I I I I I 1121112 3!31511 1 1 1 1 1 1121114 I 1121011 1 1 1 1 111212111 1 1 0 ORIGINAL: RETAIN IN BOOK 63 be reported by degree squares. 7. There are no places for totals on either the fishing vessel or the processor's record. most of the dealers add the catch by pounds and value on the weighout forms and mistakes can be backchecked. The lack of space for totals on the new logbooks makes this difficult. 8. There is no space on the processor record to indicate where the fish were landed. The importance of this information is that some dealers buy in several towns and some fishermen sell in several towns or to several dealers in the same town. 9. They type of boat or gear used does not appear on the processor's record of landings from a particular boat. 10. There are spaces for only 5 digits on the processor's record. Redfish and herring catches are frequently in six digits. 11. The port agents will be using the logbook forms most frequently but they will be receiving the fourth copy which is usually illegible. 12. State and federal personnel who are familiar with the use of four-carbon weighout slips believe that the type of carbon used in the new logbooks will deteriorate with age, and under most operating conditions aboard small vessels, they will be totally illegible because of damp conditions. 13. Secretaries working in the dealers offices may have difficulty applying enough pressure to produce a fourth legible copy. 64 14. Processors are not required to send a copy of their new log entries to the port agents. The port agent only has the right to inspect the log. 15. Many of the fish and some of the size categories used in Maine are not listed onthe logbook. The processor will therefore have to complete more paperwork because he will be required to write the fish names in the blank spaces provided. 16. The processor must send in the completed dealer log sheet within 48 hours of the end of the fishing week. many dealers ship to New York and Baltimore on consignment and have no information on prices that they, and consequently the fishermen, will be paid until the fish are sold. Three or four days may be required to truck and sell the fish and receive payment in the mail. 17. one dealer sends copies of his sales slips (collected from between 50 and 90 fishermen) to the Portland port agent four times per week. This port agent extracts the York County and Portland area landings from the sales slips, transfers the information to weighout slips, tabulates the landings, and then mails the remainder of the sales slips to Rockland where another port agent performs a similar service for his area of responsibility. The mandatory nature of the processor's logbook record and the time requirements involved, may 65 necessitate that this dealer employ two additional people. B. A deterioration in the quality of landings data. 1. Fishermen may be reluctant to record accurate information about the areas fished in the logbooks when they know that the quotas do not apply equally to all areas (for instance, the coast of Maine within the 3 mile limit has no fishing restrictions and has, therefore, been designated by some as a "free" fishing zone). 2. Fishermen are not going to record accurate information about the amount of fish landed, or the species taken, in logbooks when they know that accurate information will result in "filling the quota" sooner. 3. The DMR field sampler informs us that it takes twice as much time to collect half as much data using the new logbook form. C. A deterioration in communication between fisheries managers, data collectors, biological samplers and fishermen. 1. It is desirable to have an agent checking the collected data through personal contacts with Maine fishermen and dealers. It is unlikely that,initially,.the quality of information obtained from a mandatory logbook system will approach that obtained from personal contacts. In addition, an agent on the wharf can find and correct a reporting problem as it occurs 66 whereas the same problem might go undetected in the logbook system. 2. Under the present system of data collection, there is no relationship between data collection and biological sampling on the one hand and law enforcement on the other. This division is desirable for the continued collection of reliable information. Accurate information cannot be collected when the fishermen are scrutinized by law enforcement personnel. The proposed mandatory logbook system initially dictated that the data collectors were closely involved with law enforcement. This initial problem has been corrected by recent legislation which assures the confidential nature of logbook informa tion as it applies to federal fishing violations, there is little to prevent state marine law enforcement personnel from convicting fishermen with their own logbook records. 3. The fishermen are required by law to supply information to NMFS regarding their catch and effort but there is no stated plan for the NM.FS to send any information back to the fishermen. 4. Fishermen wh o have willingly provided catch data in the past are increasingly reluctant to continue this practice and they spend a great deal of the vessel interview time complaining to the sampler about the new logbook systems. 67 D. Miscellaneous problems encountered. 1. The port agents have been notified by some fishermen that, once the mandatory logbook system goes into effect, they will receive no more cooperation from the fishing industry. 2. Past experience with logbo oks in New Bedford indicates that a logbook system is inoperable. 3. Fishermen with small operations report that they cannot afford the additional time and manpower required to keep logbook records. Some businesses are able to cope with the additional costs of hiring personnel to fill out government forms but many in the New England fishing industry cannot do this. The numerous logbook problems anticipated by the state and federal personnel that were interviewed suggest that there is no reason to believe that the proposed logbook syst em will yield much useful management data in the immediate future. in other fisheries and other areas, however, the system has been very useful. As data demands increase, a logbook system seems the only feasible answer. In the long term it is hoped that New England fishermen will come to realize the value of their data and provide the information needed for proper assessment and management. 68 Element B-4. REVIEW AND AUTOMATE DMR LICENSING AND PERMIT SYSTEM The current DMR licensing system, with the exception of lobster and crab licensing, is a manual system with limited retrieval capabilities. License applications sent to the DMR Hallowell Office are inspected for completeness and assigned a license number, an official license,is typed and mailed to the applicant, and the application is manually filed. Any information on file is thus available only if manually retrieved. The Department currently issues 21 types of licenses or permits using 21 types of license or permit applications. There are a total of 121 questions on the application of which 98 appear on, at most, two different types of applications. only two of the questions appear on all 21 types of applications. Responses to 30 of 121 application questions are used to complete the 21 different licenses.. A given license form requires, at most, responses to 11 different application questions. Automation of the DMR licensing system in its present form would have required an unnecessarily complicated system that would have been difficult to develop and expensive to operate. It was decided to consolidate the existing application forms into two basic formats. Sample form are presented in Figures B-8 through B-9. With the contracted assistance of the State of Maine Central Computer Services (CCS) a prototype automated system for lobster and crab licensing was developed. Under this system, which was operational 69 FIGURE B-8. APPLICATION FORM FOR HARVESTING LICENSE RENEWAL FAILURE, TO FILL OUT OR ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS WILL DELAY LICENSING Fill out, sign and return with proper fee to the Department of Marine Resources, Lobster & Crab Hallowell State House Annex Augtista, Maine 04333 Commercial Shellfish APPLICATION FOR HARVESTER LICENSE Marine Worm Diggers Commercial Fishing I hereby apply for a Marine Resources Harvester License for the year ending December 31, 19__ Single Operator and certify that I am eligible to hold such license. Commercial Fishing Name Address w/ Crew Individual person only Street and Number Nonresident Legal Residence Commercial Fishing City or Town State Zip Code Date of Birth Weight Height Nonresident HAVE YOU HELD A LOBSTER AND CRAB FISHING LICENSE WITHIN THE PAST 3 YEARS, IF SO GIVE NUMBER Sea Moss If under 18 years of age, give Father's or Guardian's Legal Residence 25 Scallop Next preceding the date of this Application, how long have you been a legal resident of Maine Boat Name and Maine Registration # or Document # Homeport If Lobster and Crab License PLEASE STATE BODY COLOR Are you a Lobster and Crab Sternman? Yes No Tel. No. Under Title 12, Section 6306 signature of applicant authorizes inspection by law enforcement officers. Date Signature All checks and money orders should be made Payable to the Maine State Treasurer NOTE: After Sept 30 the license fee is 1/2 for the remainder of the Calender Year. Application on its face indicates compliance with statutory criteria. INFORMATION ON REVERSE SIDE MUST BE COMPLETLY ANSWERED. QUESTIONS MUST BE COMPLETELY ANSWERED. ANY FALSE STATEMENT OF MISREPRESENTATION WILL RESULT IN REVOCATION OF LICENSE AND PROSECUTION IN COURT. NEW APPLICANTS AND PERSONS WHO HAVE NOT HELD A LICENSE IN THE PAST 3 YEARS. (Juvenile applicants must have Parent or Legal Guardian fill out and sign this section) 1. Indicate the person(s) during which you have been a legal resident (domiciliary of the State of Maine.) 2. During any period indicated in response to question #1 were you present in Maine only or primarily during the summer months? YES NO 3. If you moved to Maine in the last Year, an what date did you begin your domicile in Maine? 4. Are you regtered to vote in the State of Maine? YES NO 5. Did you file a Maine Income Tax this year? YES NO If NO explain why? 6. Do you hold a Maine Driver's License? YES NO 7. Do you have a Motor Vehicle registered in Maine? YES NO 8. Do you have a Watercraft registered in Maine? YES NO (Date) (signed) (RESEARCH SURVEY SUPPLIMENT) 1. Number of months harvesting last year: 2. If a boat will be used In the harvesting operation, complete the following: a) Boat length. b) Boat tonnage: c) Boat engine horsepower: d) Boat equipped with: Chart Type Depth Recorder Radio Telephone Hydraulic Pot Hauler Loran C Scanning Sonar 3. If renewing a Lobster and Crab License, state number of lobster traps fished last year: 4. If renewing a Commercial Shellfish License, complete the following: a) Average number of bushels of shellfish dug per day last year: b) Kinds of shellfish taken last year: Clams Mussels Quahogs c) Shellfish were taken from what towns: 5. If renewing a Marine Worm Diggers License, kind(s) of marine worms dug last year: Bloodworms Sandworms 6. If Commercial Fishing License application, complete the following: a) Type(s) of gear to be fished: Fish Trap Weir Gill Net Purse Seine Stop Seine Otter Trawl Midwater Trawl Pair Trawl Tub Trawl Other, Specify b) Fixed gear (Fish Trap or Weir) to be located in the Town(s) of: , , , , , , 70 FIGURE B-9. APPLICATION FORM FOR'DEALER LICENSING 1:7 NEW RENEWAL FAILURE TO FILL OUT OR ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS WILL DELAY LICENSING. '50 Wholesale Seafood Fill out; sign and return with proper fee to the Department of Marine Resources, Hallowell State House Annex Wholesale Seafood Augusta, Maine 04333 Supplemental APPLICATION FOR DEALERS LICENSE Retail Seafood (Submit separate application for each additional supplemental license.) Lobster Transportation Application is hereby made for a Marine Resources Dealer License for the year endIng December 31, 1@ . License to be issued in the name oft Lobster Trans. Stipp lementa I NAME (Print) (Partnership or Firm, if such 50 hellelsh AI)DRESS Transportation Street and Number City or Town County State Zip Code Shellfish Trans. Supplemental Location of Business If doing business from or an a vehicle describe below; ,15 Lobster Meat Permit Tel. No, DESCRIPTION .OF VEHICLE ?5 Marine Worm Dealer Make Ye-ar Registration Model 10 Marine Worm Dealer Supplemental Engine No. Color If leased vehicle, give company name 50 Wholesale Crawfish HAVE YOU HELD A DFALE!@S LICENSE WITHIN THE PAST 3 YEARS? IF YES CIVE TYPE AND NUN3ER -q Riatail Crawfish Crawfish Under Title 12, Section 6306 signature of applIc"ni Supplemental authorizes inspection by law enforcement offIcnrR. By (Date) Signature of the owner or an Authorized OfficlitJ of Firm NOTE: 1@ All checks and money orders should be made Payable to the Maine Stace Treasurer. 2. After Sept. 30 the license fee is @ for the remainder of the Calendar year. 1. New Marine Worm Dealer applicants must furnish proof of six months legal residency. 4. Application on its face indicates compliance with statutory criteria. INFORMATION ON REVERSE SIDE MUST BE COMPLETELY ANSWERED. (RESEAnH SURVEY SUPPLEMENT) If applying for either Wholesale Seafood, Wholesale Seafood Supplemental, or Retail Seafood License, complete the following: Senfood(s) handled at the establishment for which this application is being made: Clams Quahogs Mussels - Shrimp Crabs Lobsters Herring (Sardines) Finfish -, Others 2. If applying for either Wholesale Seafood or Wholesale Seafood Supplemental License, c Iomplete the following: Will seafood be processed at the establishment for which this application is heinit made? Yrs_ NO_ If Yes, what will be produced? Canned Products Frozen Products Smoked Products Fresh Products Fish Meal Other, Specify Number of employees at the establishment for which this application is being made: 3. If applying for a Retail Seafood License, type of business establishment: Hotel Restaurant Roadside Stand Store or Market 71 in January 1979, incoming lobster and crab license applications were assigned license and town code numbers at the DMR Hallowell office and then taken to CCS where certain items of information from the applications were keypunched for storage on magnetic tape. The licenses were machine printed at CCS and then returned to the DMR Hallowell office for distribution, Nine different types of summary reports could be generated by an information retrieval system ("Easytrieve") for use by DMR research and law enforcement personnel. A major drawback of this prototype system was the excessive time required for the processing of incoming applications; about one week. Under the manual system a license could be immediately processed and issued to applicants waiting at the DMR Hallowell office. Rather than expanding the CCS prototype automated licensing system to include the 20 othe r types of DMR licenses, the Department investigated the feasibility of using a small in-house computer system to accomplish the goals of an automated licensing system. The Department has decided to lease the following equipment from International Business Machines: one IBM Office System 6/420, and one IBM Office System 6/440. This equipment will be used by the DMR Hallowell personnel for numerous clerical duties, including the test processing of reports; generation of form letters and mailing lists; and the printing of license forms, storage and retrieval of license application information, 72 and the generation of a wide variety of reports based on the stored license application information. This equipment will allow the Department's Hallowell staff to immediately process and issue licenses, and to supply the warden service and the research personnel with up-to- date license information as required. The Office System 6/420 was scheduled for installation in Hallowell in September, 1979. 73 Element B-5. SURVEY THE FISHING INDUSTRY TO DETERMINE LANDING PATTERNS BY SPECIES, AREA AND TIME. This survey of the landing patterns in the Maine commercial fisheries was initiated as the planning phase for an improved landings data collection system and a port sampling program. Landing patterns in the commercial fisheries are complex and change continuously and the current data collection system is inadequate for tracking these changes. The emphasis of this task has been to establish where the harvests of selected commercial species are landed so that data collection and sampling strategies can be formulated. The data in this report are preliminary findings since detailed dealer interviews have not been conducted. Dealer listings are incomplete for some species and some fisheries have not been examined. These omissions will be corrected by port agents when the new landings data collection system becomes operational. Some consideration has been given to the potential problems involved in a sampling program. FINFISH: The following sources of information concerning the finfish harvest landing areas have been reviewed: d. We have established which DMR marine patrol officer is responsible for each port. Planning or implementing a sampling program will require that the correct marine patrol officer be contacted to 74 obtain assistance in locating the landing facilities with a port. This listing is now available in DMR files. b. Landing wharves have been recorded for each port discussed in Volumes 1 and 2 of the Maine Department of Transportation document entitled, ftaine Port Development Study (1977)." c. Some information on groundfish unloading facilities has been obtained from field sampling personnel. The locations of new groundfish unloading facilities are routinely recorded by the lobster sampling crew. d. The NMFS and DMR port agents have supplied us with a list of facilities where they routinely collect finfish landing data. This information is available in DMR files. e. Mr. W. Mills (N.E. Regional Office, NMFS, Gloucester, Mass.) has supplied us with a list of all Maine finfish dealers who -have been supplied with dealer logbooks. This list is available in DMR files. f. Wholesale fish dealer listings were recorded from the yellow pages of all 1978 Maine telephone directories. g. D,MR licensed wholesale seafood dealers and processors were contacted by telephone and those who buy their fish directly from commercial finfish boats or operate facilities where commercial finfish boats unload their catch were documented. This survey is incomplete but 22 dealers who 75 purchase fish directly from the fishermen, and 20 dealers who operate unloading facilities have been located. Information on wholesale seafood dealers and processors is available on file at DMR. h. A wealth of information regarding finfish landing areas was available from Sherman Thompson (Kennebunkport, Maine 04046). At the peak of the season his trucking firm handles and transports finfish from 130-140 boats in western Maine from York County to Port Clyde. Sherman Thompson has also recently become involved with processing fish. Information concerning unloading facilities provided by all sources are compared in Table B-5. These data sources probably do not give a complete picture of the unloading facilities along the Maine coast but they should be used for planning a detailed survey of all finfish landing facilities. An interview questionnaire (Figure B-10) has been designed to collect information on when and how the finfish harvest is landed. The questionnaire could be us ed in a detailed survey of commercial landing facilities. A COMMERCIAL FINFISH PORT SAMPLING PROGRAM: DMR will probably be involved in a commercial finfish port sampling program to collect catch, effort, and biological information. The vessel interview time involved in such a program can be reduced by eliminating redundant questions. Information on horsepower, type of @M INO Ow 0* so @m 00 @00 low, @M@ Va 114W am, so, $a an TABLE B-5. FINFISH DEALER LISTING FINFISH DEALERS (York County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Ken Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills. (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing). Sherm Thompson Sherman Thompson Sherman Thompson Sherman Thompson Denise Dee, Inc. Box 867 Wholesale Fish Denise Dee, Inc. RFD #2, Box 867 Kennebunkport, Me. Division of Denise Kennebunkport, Me. 04046 Kennebunkport, Me. 04046 Dee, Inc. 967-3604 04046 967-3064 Mills Road (buys directly from boats 967-3064 Kennebunkport, Me. at local wharves in Saco, 04046 Cape Ellis, Biddeford Pool, 967-3064 Perkins Cove) Southern Maine Southern Maine Southern Maine Southern Maine Fisheries, Fisheries, Inc. Fisheries, Inc. Fisheries, Inc. Inc. Rt. 236 Rt. 236 Rt. 236 Rt. 236 Eliot, Maine 03903 Eliot, Maine 03903 Eliot, Maine 03903 Eliot, Maine 03903 439-1700 439-1700 439-1700 439-1700 (buys direct from boats) T.G. Tobey Fish Co. T.G. Tobey Fish Co. Kittery, Maine Kittery, Maine 03904 03904 439-2750 439-2750 TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (York County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979.. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) York Beach Fish York Beach Fish Market Market 29 Railroad Avenue York Beach, Me. York Beach, Me. 03910 03910 363-2763 363-2763 (buys directly from boats (buys from both and other dealers) boats and dealers) Fletcher's Neck Lobster Pound Main Street Biddeford Pool, Maine 04006 283-3724 (buys directly from boats in Biddeford Pool) Robert J. Preble & Sons, Inc. Fishers Lane, RFD #2 Kennebunkport, Me. 04046 967-3477 or 967-4620 (buys directly from boats at local wharves) low Ve Vs Im No to= M, 'M "a -so -IM go; go, on, so an am- aw, low US, Aw (a W1, so Va Va, Aw VW so an TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (York & Cumberland Counties) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckonn (Gloucester) yellow pages not a complete listing) Finast Kind Fish and .Produce Market RFD 42, Box 42 York, Maine 03909 363-5000 Go (sometimes buys directly from a small dragger in York Harbor) CUMBERLAND COUNTY Pine State Pine State Pine State By-Products By-Products By-Products 169 Front Street 169 Front Street 169 Front Street S. Portland, Maine 04106 S. Portland, Me. S. Portland, Me. 799-5571 04106 04106 (occasionally commercial 799-5571 799-5571 finfish boats unload at this facility-generally buys from fishermen at other wharves). TAB LE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Cumberland County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow j2ages). not a complete listing) R & S Seafoods Co. R & S Seafoods Co. R@& S Seafoods Co. R & S Seafoods Co. 46 Custom House 46 Custom House 47 Custom House 46 Custom House Wharf Wharf Wharf Wharf Portland, Maine 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 773-5720 773-5720 773-5720 773-5720 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) Atlantic Fisheries, Atlantic Fisheries CO.f Inc. Co., Inc. 1 Canal Plaza 1 Canal Plaza Portland, Me. Portland, Me. 773-0757 773-0757 Willard & Daggett Willard & Daggett Willard & Daggett Willard & Daggett Fish Co. Fish Co. Fish Co Fish Co. 15 Central Wharf 15 Central Wharf 15 Central Wharf 15 Central Wharf Portland, Maine 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 772-0161 772-0161 772-0161 772-0161 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) 'so we -06 Us, as IN 40 'IM, 'WA) On, so '00 'Sm' po (Ow wo on, as TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Cumberland County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) United Fish Co. United Fish Co. United Fish Co. United Fish Co. 35 Union Wharf 35 Union Wharf 35 Union Wharf 35 Union Wharf Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Maine 04101 772-8478 772-8478 772-8478 772-8478 (commercial finfish boats Go 0 unload at this facility) Kasbay Fish Co. Kasbay Fish Co. P.O. Box 306 DS Brown's Wharf Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 772-3780 (2 of these listed?) Coastal Fisheries Coastal Fisheries Coastal Fisheries 329 Commercial St. Cumberland Cold 329 Commercial St. Portland, Me. 04101 Storage Building Portland, Me. 04101 772-8333. Portland, Me. 04101 772-8333 772-8333 Gulf of Maine, Inc. Deales Wharf 8 Adlaide Street Portland, Maine 772-1957 TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Cumberland County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, may 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Maine Fisheries Corp Maine Fisheries Corp Maine Fisheries Corp Maine Fisheries Corp P.O. Box 1300 Holyoke Wharf Holyoke Wharf P.O. Box 1300 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 774-2674 773-9155 774-2674 00 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) Pioneer Fish Co. 52 Brown's Wharf Portland, Maine 774-7452 Great Eastern Great Eastern Great Eastern Lobster & Fish Co. Lobster & Fish-Co. Lobster & Fish Co. RFD #2 RFD #2 RFD #2 Ely Codding & C. Ely Codding & C. Ely codding & C. Talbot Talbot Talbot Brunswick, Me. Brunswick, Me. Brunswick, Me. 04011 04011 04011 725-8021 725-8021 725-8021 IM low 4M @M? IM Wo V* 40 Amw 00, *W) so IM Vo- ijaw too, As "An Aw TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Cumberland County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Atlantic Seafood Atlantic Seafood Atlantic Seafood (retail) of Maine 237 Commercial Street 237 Commercial St. 237 Commercial St. Portland, Maine 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 Portland, Me. 04101 772-3076 772-3076 772-3076 (commercial finfish boats 00 unload at this facility) Charles Saunders (Not on WSFDPL) Cundys Harbor, Me. 040111 Kelly Fish Co. (Not on WSFDPL) Widgery Wharf Portland, Me. 04101 Paul Bayley Seafoods, Paul F. Bayley 25B Pine Point Rd. 258 Pine Point Road Scarborough, Me. Scarborough, Maine 04074 04074 883-4581 883-4581 (buys directly from boats at other wharves) TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Cumberland County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Commercial Street Fish Market (wholesale) 237 Commercial Street Portland, Me. 04101 772-4341 Cape Shore Variety Cape Shore Variety & Fish & Fish Market 537 Shore Road 537 Shore Road Cape Elizabeth, Me. 04107 Cape Elizabeth, Me. 799-7018 799-7018 (buys direct from boats) (buys direct from boats) Jeff's Maine Lobster Jeff's Maine Lobster Co. Co. 378 W. Commercial Street 378 W. Commercial St. Portland, Maine 04102 Portland, Me. 04102 772-0153 772-0153 (buys direct from boats) (buys direct from boats) :.A-* so, me Wo M 1"An low": AN Ow tu AN-0 Va; *a go @m 00 ;108 on, Aw 4m AN @m TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Cumberland County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Joe's Fish House 889 Brighton Ave. Portland, Me. 772-4024 (occasionally buys CO from boats, mostly other dealers) Fathoms East Seafoods 355 Commercial Street Portland, Maine 04111 773-2553 (buys directly from small fishermen at Cape Elizabeth) P.J. Merrill Seafood, Inc. 681 Forest Avenue Portland, Maine 04103 773-1321 or 775-2523 (buys direct from boats at a local wharf) TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Cumberland & Sagadahoc Counties) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979 Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a coTElete listing) Seven Seas Fisheries & Dist. P.O. Box 129 Downtown Station Portland, Maine 774-8328 Go Ln (buys direct from boats at local wharf) Holden Seafood 74 Elm Street Portland, Maine 04101 772-9065 (buys direct from boats at local wharf) SAGADAHOC COUNTY Small Point Pound Small Point Pound Small Point Pound Small Point, Me. Small Point, Me. 42 Front Street 04567 04567 Bath, Maine 04530 389-2222 389-2222 443-2101 or 389-2222 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) to Aol OU low an In @m am go *W M low 4m, ljm im low 4W TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Sagadahoc County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing). Robert York Robert York York's Wharf Robert York Westpoint, Me. 04565 Westpoint, Me. 04565 Westpoint, Me. 04565 Westpoint, me. 04565 443-2929 443-2929 443-2929 443-2929 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) Seaside Lobster & Seaside Lobster & Seaside Lobster & Seaside Lobster & Fish Co. Fish Co. Fish Co. Fish Co. Westpoint, Maine 04565 Westpoint, Me. 04565 Westpoint, Me. 04565 Westpoint, Me. 04565 389-1819 389-1819 389-lB19 389-1819 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) Sebasco Wharf, Inc. Sebasco Estates, Maine 04565 389-2756 Thibodeau's Seafood Thibodeau's Seafoods Market Five Islands, Maine 04546 Five Islands, Me. 371-2220 04546 (commercial finfish boats 371-2220 unload at this facility) TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Lincoln County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Boothbay Region Fish Boothbay Region Fish Boothbay Region Fish Boothbay Region Fish & Cold & Cold Storage & Cold Storage & Cold Storage Storage Atlantic Avenue Atlantic Avenue Atlantic Avenue Atlantic Avenue Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04538 Maine 04538 Maine 04538 Maine 04538 CO j 633-4913 633-4913 633-2044 633-4913 or 633-2044 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) Brown Brothers Brown Brothers Brown Brothers N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic Fisheries, Ltd. Fisheries, Ltd. Fisheries, Ltd. 87 Atlantic Avenue 87 Atlantic Avenue 87 Atlantic Avenue Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04538 Maine 04538 Maine 04538 633-2022 633-2022 633-2022 Broken Anchor Fish Broken Anchor Fish Market Market Townsend Avenue Townsend Avenue Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04538 Boothbay Harbor, 633-2932 Maine 04538 (buys directly from a 633-2932 dragger at Robinson's Wharf) 4W as am M AN low on '00 -,On -AM on .60 00 So low Im in TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Lincoln County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, Maine 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979 Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Boothbay Region Lobsterman's Co-op Atlantic Avenue Boothbay Harbor, GO Maine 04538 W 633-4900 Don Wotton 633-5160 McLellans.Seafood McLellans Seafood Rt. 27 Wiscasset Road Boothbay, Maine Boothbay, Maine 04537 04537 633-5189 633-5189 Lee Reilly (Not on WSDPL) New Harbor, Me. 04554 TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Lincoln County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Clarks Cove Fish Co. Farrin's Wharf-Main Street S. Bristol, Maine 04568 644-8200 (commercial finfish boats unload for this facility at Jone's Wharf near bridge at S. Bristol) New Harbor Co-op P.O. Box 125 Bristol, Maine 64544 677-2791 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility for all local buyers) S. Bristol Fishermen's Co-op S. Bristol, Maine 04568 644-8528 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) =6 on Im W Imn I= qw, 40 us an INN jm! so Sm On TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Knox County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979 Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not A complete listing) Francis Morris Morris Variety Store Morris Variety Box 235 Box 235 Port Clyde, Me. Port Clyde, Me 04855 04855 372-6659 0 372-6659 Cod End Fish Co. Cod End Fish CO. Box 115 Box 115 Tenants Harbor, Tenants Harbor, Maine 04860 Maine 04860 372-6659 372-6659 Pine Tree Packing Port Clyde, Me. 04855 372-6720 Atwood Brothers, Inc. Tenants Harbor, Me. 04860 372-6331 TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Knox County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (may 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Port Clyde Fisherman's Co-op Box 102 Port Clyde, Maine 04855 372-8922 Port Clyde Foods, Inc. Port Clyde Foods, Inc. Winter Street 50 Tilson Avenue Rockland, Maine 04841 Rockland, Maine 04841 594-4413 594-4413 (plants also in Stonington, Yarmouth) Port Clyde General Store Port Clyde, Maine 04855 (Not on WSFDPL) Ayers Fish Market 43 Main Street Camden, Maine 04843 A-0 M ON AN so 'm 0" me M *a An VM; an An so IM No WN do low ton An am M TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS Knox County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 19.79. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate f.infish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages not a complete listing) William Atwood William Atwood spruce Head, Me. Spruce Head, Me. 04859 04859 596-6019 596-6019 P.K. Reed & Son P.K. Reed & Son Owls Head, Me. 04854 Owls Head, Me. 04854 594-4606 594-4606 Stinson Canning Co, Stinson Canning Co. Stinson Canning Co. Atlantic Avenue Atlantic Avenue Atlantic Avenue Rockland, Me. 04841 Rockland, Me. 04841 Rockland, Me. 04841 594-9595 594-9595 594-9595 Edward L. Black Edward L. Black Seafood Seafood P.O. Box 44 P.O. Box 44 Tenants Harbor, Tenants Harbor, Maine 04860 Maine 04860 372-8116 372-8116 TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Knox County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who ,recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979 Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Branard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) F.J. O'Hara & Sons F.J. O'Hara & Sons F.J. O'Hara & Sons F.J. O'Hara & Sons Tilson Avenue Tilson Avenue Tilson Avenue Tilson Avenue Rockland, Maine 04841 Rockland, Me. 04841 Rockland, Me. 04841 Rockland, Me. 04841 .594-4444 @594-4444 594-4444 594-4444 (O'Hara's own commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) Dragnet Seafood Dragnet Seafood Dragnet Seafood P.O. Box 9 P.O. Box 9 P.O. Box 9 Thomaston, Me. 04861 Thomaston, Me. 04861 Thomaston, Me. 04861 354-2209 354-2209 354-2209 (buys direct from boats) Frederick Christianson Frederick Christianson Oyster River Road Oyster River Road Warren, Maine Warren, Maine Jackson North Jackson North Jackson North Atlantic Atlantic Products Atlantic Products Products Commercial Street Commercial Street Pearl Street, P.O. Box 146 Rockland, Me. 04841 Rockland, Me. 04841 Rockland, Maine 04841 594-5084 594-5084 594-5084 (buys from both boats (buys from both boats (buys directly from boats) and dealers) and dealers) Now" mm mw"M" @Im """Mmm TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Knox & Waldo Counties) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory. operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Wendell Reed Friendship, Maine 04547 354-6611 or 832-4053 (commercial finfish boats may be unloading at this facility now). Miller Is Lobster Co., Inc. Luther S. Miller Star Route 33 Spruce Head, Maine 04859 594-7406 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) WALDO COUNTY Superior Shellfish, Inc. Searsport, Me. 04974 548-2448 David Allyn (Not on WSFDPL) Searsport Lobster, Inc. RFD #1 Lincolnville, Me. 04849 TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Hancock County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Stonington Lobster Stonington Lobtser Stonington Lobster Co-op Co-op Co-op India Point Road India Point Road India Point Road Stonington, Me. 04681 Stonington, Me. 04681 Stonington, Me. 04681 367-2286 367-2286 367-2286 (commercial finfish boats Ln unload at this facility) C.H. Rich Co. C.H. Rich Co. C.H. Rich Co. Bass Harbor, Me. Bass Harbor, Me. Bass Harbor, Me. 04653 04653 04653 244-3485 244-3485 244-3485 (2 commercial finfish boats-1 gillnetter, 1 dragger-unload at this facility) H.R. Beal & Son, Inc. H.R. Beal & Son, Inc. H.R. Beal & Son, Inc. H.R. Beal & Son, Inc. Clark Point Road Clark Point Road Clark Point Road Clark Point Road Southwest Harbor, Southwest Harbor, Southwest Harbor, Southwest Harbor, Maine 04679 Maine 04679 Maine 04679 Maine 04679 244-3202 244-3202 244-7178 244-3202 or 244-7178 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) @Nomm 'sun 8"Oft"M NOWN M@ M"'Mmm WM M No EN M TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Hancock County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon -(Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) Winter Harbor Co-op Winter Harbor Co-op Winter Harbor Co-op Winter Harbor, Me. Winter Harbor, Me. Winter Harbor, Me. 04693 04693 04693 963-5857 963-5857 963-5857 Stinson Packing Co. Stinson Packing Co. Prospect Harbor, Prospect Harbor, 04669 04669 963-7331 963-7331 A.W. Petteqrew & Sons, Inc. Southwest Harbor, Me. 04679 244-3158 TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Hancock & Washington Counties) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory. operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages) not a complete listing) .Frederick H. Arsenault Box 1002 Southwest Harbor, Me. 04679 244-7345 (buys direct from boats) WASHINGTON COUNTY Kelly Fish Co. Erik Kelly Shellfish Kelly Shellfish & Co. (Not on WSFDPL) Co. Box 67 Box 67 Jonesport, Me. 04649 Columbia Falls, Maine Columbia Falls, Me. 04623 04623 483-2214 483-2214 (commercial finfish boats unload at this facility) Walter Calder 5 Capen Avenue Eastport, Maine 853-4067 James Salisbury Milbridge, me. 546-2603 m so am m man mm TABLE B-5. (continued) FINFISH DEALERS (Washington County) Finfish Dealers Licensed wholesale seafood where landings are Dealer logbooks dealers and processors who recorded by port issued to the Wholesale Fish either purchase fish samplers, May 1979. following Groundfish Dealers from directly from the boats or Kent Glover, Dick Dealers, May 1979. Telephone Directory. operate finfish unloading Barnard, Bob Bill Mills (1978 directory, facilities. (May 1979, Morrill, Peter Marckoon (Gloucester) yellow pages). not a complete listing). U.S.A. Fish Inc. P.O. Box 31 Lubec, Maine 04652 ko Beals-Jonesport Co-op 00 Jonesport, me. 04649 497-2020 Kelly Seafood (Not on WSFDPL) Jonesport, Me. 04649 McCurdy Fish Co. (Not on WSFDPL) Water Street Lubec, Maine 04652 Neil C. Corbett Lobsters Cutler, Maine 04626 259-7761 (occasionally commercial finfish boats unload at this facility for inconsistent buyers) 99 FIGURE B-10. The Interview for Groundfish Unloading Facilities. Dealer Interview Date 1. Name of unloading place Town 2. Wholesale seafood dealer or processor license issued to whom at above unloading facility. 3. Is this the only unloading facility you operate? Yes No 4. Name of person.(s) to contact regarding departure and arrival of vessels. Name Tel. No. Name -Tel. No. Name Tel. No. 5. How large a boat can this facility handle (length, tonnage, draft)? 6. Can boats unload here at any stage of the tide? Yes No 7. Does the number of boats unloading at this facility change with the season? Explain 8. What is the maximum number of boats unloading at this facility on a given day? 9. Do all days of the week have equal fishing and unloading activity? 100 FIGURE B-10. (continued) 10. Is there more than one period during the year when activity (unloading fish) is high at this facility? Explain I 11. Do the boats that unload their fish here fish for several species at once or one species at a time? 12. Do the boats that unload here fi sh in one general area for all species or in a 2 rticular area for a particular species? 13. Do the boats -unload their entire catch at this facility or do they unload at more than 1 unloading facility for a given fishing trip? 14. Fish landed at this facility are caught by which of the following methods? (Circle those that apply). draggers purse seiners gillnetters .(surface - bottom) pair trawlers longliners (surface - bottom) weir fish traps (surface - bottom) stop seine 15. Do you make radio contact with the boats so that you known when they will arrive at the facility for unloading? Yes No Comments 16. How many hours in advance do you know whan a boat will be arriving for unloading? 17. If we called you from BBH, would you give us an ETA for a commercial boat so we could send a sampling crew up to sample landings? Yes No Comments 101 FIGURE B-10. (continued) 18. What time do the boats arrive for unloading? draggers purse seiners gillnetters pair trawlers longliners weir fish traps stop seine 19. Do the boats unload as soon as they come in? 20. Can the facility unload more than one boat at a time? 21. How are the boats unloaded? Describe 22. Is there any order in which different species of fish are unloaded? 23. How long does it usually take to unload? 24. Could I obtain the total landings of the boat sampled from your records? 25. Could I obtain the total landings of the boat sampled during the weigh out? 26. During what months are the following species of fish landed at this facility? 102 FIGURE B-10. (continued) Species J F M A M J J A S 0 N D haddock pollock cod hake white red silver flounder dab grey sole L --yellowtail blackback (lemon sole) halibut herring redfish swordfish angler cusk mackerel dogfish butttrfish alewive shad menhaden tuna other 27. Which species above are sorted by size? 2B. Are any of the fish landed here used for reduction? 29. What is landed at this faciltiy besides fish? (squid, shrimp, mussels, scallops, etc.) .30. Roughly what % of the catch/boat is "shack?" 103 FIGURE B-10. (continued) 31. Ask for the locations of other buying locations in the vicinity. 32. Record groundfish tows 104 engine, gross and net tonnage, length, breadth, depth, hull construction, where and when built, etc., have been obtained by DMR for all documented commercial fishing vessels with home ports in the New England coastal states. These data were supplied by Ms. E.P. Fischer (Chief, Records and Publications Branch, Merchant Vessel Documentations Division, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. area code 202-426-2233). DMR has also obtained a computer listing of state registered and/or federally documented Maine vessels which possess federal fishing permits for bluefin tuna (commercial, incidental, recreational)I groundfish (commercial, incidental, recreational), Atlantic herring (commercial, incidental, transport), surf clam/ocean quahog (commercial), and ocean quahog (commercial) . All commercial groundf ish permits have been sorted, accumulated, and listed alphabetically by town. The number of boats possessing permits for each federally controlled fishery, are also included in an alphabetical listing of towns. This information will indicate the proportion of the catch in fisheries requiring federal permits that is actually caught by vessels possessing those permits. The following sampling problems areanticipated in a planned DMR finfish sampling program: 1. Direct communications with the manager of each unloading facility will be required to establish vessel arrival times. This is essential to avoid a long waiting period for the sampling crew. 105 2. At many unloading facilities, the catch may be unloaded from the boat directly into trucks. In this situation it may be difficult to sample the catch. 3. Some of the boats may unload at more than one town or they may unload at up to four different places within one town. Unloading at two wharves is a common practice. This may complicate sampling procedures. 4. There will always be doubt as to the reliability of data on the location of the fishing activity (loran bearings). This is particularly true when a quota system is in effect. 5. when trip limits have been imposed, some vessels have circumvented the problem by reporting the catch for two trips instead of one. 6. The landings patterns for the commercial fishery will change with time and with the addition of restrictions. 7. many of the boats will arrive and unload between four p.m. and midnight. This will require night sampling with its accompanying problems. 8. Otoliths for aging have to be collected by either removing the fish heads or mutilation; objectionable practices so far as the fishermen are concerned since they may reduce the value of the fish. 9. In some cases, the catch may not be sorted (e.g., several 106 species of flounder may be lumped). Sorting these fish will delay the sampling procedures. 10. The collection of biological samples from the processors is worthwhile only if we know where the fish were caught; information that may not be available. 11. This may be an inappropriate time to initiate a program because of the recent conflicts between fishery managers and the fishermen. 12. Landings may not be weighed at some pickup points and it may be necessary to obtain hail weights from fishermen's sales receipts which are usually returned two to three days after loading. 13. Wholesale fish brokers may provide some-sampling problems since they,may have no fixed place of business and frequently arrange for direct pickup from the boats at any convenient location. In view of some of the problems anticipated in sampling large vessels at the major ports of Rockland and Portland (3, 4, and 5 above) and because NMFS personnel have reportedly (a) established good rapport with the fishermen in these ports, (b) developed solutions to some of the problems above, (c) developed sampling schemes for these ports, the best way to coordinate our sampling plans with the NMFS would be to confine our sampling to vessels fishing within the 3 mile limit and 107 landing their catch at all ports except Rockland and Portland. Such an arrangement is satisfactory to the NMFS and there is some evidence to suggest that small vessels in small ports would not object to our sampling and interviewing. SOFT CLAMS AND MUSSELS: The most complete source of information on where the clam and mussel harvest is landed may be obtained from DMR's list of persons and firms possessing current Maine Interstate Shellfish Certificates (Table B-6). The major clam harvesting season extends from April through October. During this period clam diggers bring their catch directly to the buyer or they may land the clams by boat at a wharf where they are sold directly for truck transport. Wholesale fish and shellfish brokers may be involved in some of these transactions. A COMMERCIAL SHELLFISH SAMPLING PROGRAM: A comm ercial shellfish sampling program to collect catch/effort (bushels dug/hour) and size information may be implemented by the DMR. Commercial sampling information, such as numbers of diggers selling to a buyer on a given day, the numbers of bushels sold, and the area or towns where the clams were dug, can be checked for accuracy against the mandatory dealer records submitted to DMR. Depuration plants are licensed by DMR to purchase clams dug from selected areas closed because of bacterial pollution. These commercial TABLE B-6. Persons or Firms Holding Maine Interstate Shellfish Certificates (Arranged alphabetically by County, Town, and Holder) Number Name Address Certific&te Number of Vehicles Androscoggin County Beals, Beatrice A. Lisbon Falls 63 SP 1 Cumberland County Moody, Derald L. Brunswick 176 SS *New England Products Brunswick 139 RS 1 Purington, Bruce G. Brunswick 283 SS Chebeague Is. Seafood Chebeague Island (Weagle's) 167 sp 2 0 Portland Clam Co. Freeport 9SP 1 co *Allen's Seafood Harpswell 101 SS *Best Pack Seafood, Inc. Portland 75 SS 2 *Willard Daggett Fish Portland 50 SS 1 Fathom's East Seafood Portland 205 SP Gene Temple Fisheries Portland 312 RS *Harbor Fish Market Portland 233 SS 1 Holden Seafoods Portland 310 SS New Meadows Lobster Portland 234 RS Old Port Clam Co., Inc. Portland 279 SP P.J. Merrill Seafood, Inc. Portland 122 SS 3 Bayley, Paul F. Scarboro 23 SP Lothrop, E.A. Scarboro 92 SP Northeast Clam Co. Scarboro 296 SP 1 Pine Point Seafood Prod. Scarboro 169 SP Scarboro Clam Co. Scarboro (Wm. Bayley) 140 SP 2 Thurlow's Shellfish Scarboro 11 SS Prindall, Edmond T. South Harpswell 285 SP W. Bennett Clam Shop Topsham 251 SP 1 *Handles some mussels TABLE B-6. (continued) Number Name Address Certificate Number of Vehicles Hancock County Tibbetts, Henry, Sr. Bar Harbor 70 SP Rich, C.H., Inc. Bass Harbor 61 SP Maine Coast Oyster Corp. Blue Hill (Mark Richmond) 186 SS 1 Brooklin Shellfish Brooklin (Philip Wood) 198 SS Blake, William D. Brooksville 41 SP Jeff's Lobster Pool Bucksport 264 SS 2 *Hardy, Douglas A. Sr. Deer Isle 78 SS 3 Heanssler, Curtis Deer Isle 14 SS 2 Maine Shellfish Co. Ellsworth 100 SP 16 Downeast Sea Shell Assoc. Hancock 13 SP **Tidal Falls Lobster Pd. Hancock 291 SS 0 Boynton Shellfish (Harold) Lamoine 149 SP ID Down East Clam Co. Lamoine 287 RS 3 Chase, Marie T. No. Brooklin 174 SP 1 Sorrento Lobster & Fish. Co. Sorrento 303 RS 1 Carole's Ocean Products So. Gouldsboro 248 SP I Gouldsboro Enterprises So. Gouldsboro 40 SP Maine Coast Seafood So. Gouldsboro 298 SS 1 Stanley's Seafood So. Gouldsboro 161 SP *A.W. Pettegrew & Sons, Inc. Southwest Harbor 82 RS 3 Fred's Fresh Fish Southwest Harbor 118 RS 2 Klausky, Joseph Southwest Harbor 22 RS I Lunt, R.D. Southwest Harbor 27 SS MDI Shellfish Co. Southwest Harbor (David Smith) 125 SP Carter, Mrs. Ralph Stonington 128 SP Colwell Bros., Inc. Stonington 275 SS Conary, L. Clyde Stoninqton 15 RS 1 Davis, Edward. Stonington 311 SS Joyce, Eugene Stonington 97 SP Lobster Transport of Maine Stonington 212 SS I *Handles some mussels "Mussels only MM mmm M mmm M mom M TABLE B-6. (continued) Number Name Address Certificate Number of vehicles Hancock County (continued) *Stonington Lobster Co-op Stonington 163 SS 2 Winter Harbor Co-op Winter Harbor 294 SS Bickford, Clyde L. Vinalhaven 93 SS Kennebec County Brownies seafood Augusta 46 SS 3 Knox County *Crute, Karl S., Sr. Cushing 29 SS 1 *H & W Seafood Co. Cushing 120 RS 1 0 Sheila's Shanty Friendship 288 SP 1 Morris, Francis Port Clyde 5SS 2 *McLoon Lobster Co. Rockland 28 SS 2 *Rockville Seafood Rockland 199 RS I *Seafoods of Maine Rockland 102 RS Graffam Bros. Rockport 32 SS 4 Independent Seafood Co. St. George (Wm. Barker) 44 RS 1 J & S Seafood St. George 280 SS I Island Clam Co. Spruce Head 130 RS miller's Lobster C0.1 Inc. St. George 230 SS 1 *Wm. Atwood Lobster Spruce Head 217 RS 3 Edward L. Black Seafood Tenants Harbor 295 RS 2 Elliott Seafood Co. Thomaston (Stanley Elliott) 80 RS I Maine Clam Shell Thomaston (Miriam Taylor) 180 SP I *Maine Mussel Co., Inc. Warren ill SS 1 *Butch's Live Lobster Sales Washington 282 RS *Handles some mussels TABLE B-6. (continued) Number Name Address Certificate Number of Vehicles Lincoln County Annapolis Bristol Co. So. Bristol (Robert Emmett) 268 SS 2 *Cousin's Seafood Boothbay 34 RS *Mill Cove Lobster Pound Boothbay 7 SS 10 Peasley, Aubrey A. Boothbay 20 SS Robert MacFarland Seafood Boothbay 16 SP 2 *Wimpy & Sons Trucking Boothbay (Winthrop Bailey) 209 RS 1 *Boothbay Region Fish & Cold Boothbay Harbor 246 SS Storage Lusty Lobster, Inc. Bremen 53 SP 4 "Abandoned Farms Damariscotta 166 SS Elliott's Shellfish Damariscotta (Wayne Elliott) 205 SP Creamer, Bruce Newcastle 146 SP Creamer's Lobster Pound No. Edgecomb 65 SS Dodge Cove Marine Farm Newcastle 213 SS *Maine Mariculture Products So. Bristol (Ken Gray) 274 SS 1 ***Maritec (oysters only) So. Bristol 218 SS 1 The Clamhod Waldoboro (Ken Fowler) 215 SP *Medomak Mussel Co. Waldoboro 306 SS 1 Murphy's Shellfish (John) Waldoboro 223 SP 2 *J & P Clam Co. Waldoboro (J. Sleeper) 12 SS 1 Smith, Clayton G. Waldoboro 150 SP 1 Waltz, Kenneth E., Sr. Waldoboro 155 SP 1 ***Maine Mooring Oyster Co., Inc.Walpole 290 SS "Great Eastern Mussel Farm Wiscasset 309 SS 1 Green, George L. Wiscasset 305 RS Penobscot County McLaughlin's Seafood Bangor 254 SS 1 Cap Morrills, Inc. Brewer 154 SS Whaling City Seafoods, Inc. Brewer 299 SS *Handles some mussels **Mussels only ***Oysters only TABLE B-6. (continued) Number Name Address Certificate Number of Vehicles Sagadahoc County *Gilmore's Seafood Bath 253 SS Plants Seafood Bath 99SS *Sebasco, Wharf, Inc. Seabsco Estates 182 SS 3 Somerset County Mid-State Seafood Wholesales Hartland 273 SS 3 Waldo County *Hemenway Lobster Lincolnville (Wm. Hemenway) 187 SS F' Superior Shellfish, Inc. Searsport 208 SP 2 Grant, Levi Stockton Springs 177 SP Pomeroy, Joe Stockton Springs 106 SP 1 Pomeroy, Virginia Searsport 170 SP 1 Washington County Addison Seafood Addison 259 SP 1 *Eastern Harbor Lobster Addison 144 RS 6 Sales, Inc. Smith, William H. Addison (Rowley, Mass.) 64 SP *Carver's Shellfish Beals 60 SP 1 "Bucks Harbor Lobster Co. Bucks Harbor 293 SS I *Bucks Harbor Seafood Bucks Harbor 43 SP 2 Thurlow's Shellfish Bucks Harbor (Alfred Polk) 284 SS "Kelly's Shellfish Columbia Falls 247 SS 1 Cutler Clam Co. Cutler (Alice Porter for J. 109 SS Eaton, N.H.) Clossey, Marilyn Dennysville 39 SS 1 *Handles some mussels "Mussels only TABLE B-6. (continued) Number Name Address Certificate Number of Vehicles Washington County (continued) Call, Robert Harrington 276 SS C.D. Jedrey Clam Co. Harrington 81 SP 1 K & F Shellfish Harrington 272 SS 2 Marshville Clam Co. Harrington (Chester Slicer) 226 SS 2 Fish, C.E. Co. Jonesboro 18 SP 3 Andy's Seafood Jonesport 42 SP 3 Gray's Shellfish (Maurice) Jonesport 17 SP 2 "Hardin, William A. Jonesport 278 SS **Jonesport Shellfish Jonesport (Milton Beal) 133 SS 1 Keller, William F. Jonesport 49 SS **0. W. & B. S. Look Co., Inc. Jonesport 301 SS 0. W. Look & Son Jonesport 51 RS 3 **Montagna Corp. Jonesport (Ralph Smith) 292 SS **Sawyer's Cove Seafood Jonesport 300 SS 2 Beal, Nehemiah E. Milbridge 126 SP 1 "Petit Manan Fisheries Milbridge 308 SS 2 Sybil's Seafood (Cecil Hall) Milbridge 189 SP Two Pals Fish Co. Milbridge 116 Ss 2 Wallaces Seafood (Lester) Milbridge 231 SS 1 Wallace Bros. (James) No. Lubec 124 SS 2 Pembroke Clam Co. Pembroke 85 SS 4 Look Family Inc. 'So. Addison 31 SP MacLean Seafood Steuben 265 SS 1 Robinson, R.W. & Sons Steuben 90 SP Stanwood, Arthur C. Steuben 86 SP 1 Steuben Shellfish Steuben 229 SP **Eastern Mussel No. Sullivan (Philip Barter) 201 SS 1 Look,.A.M. Canning Co. Whiting-E. Machias 25 SP 2 *Handles some mussels "Mussels only TABLE B-6. (continued) Number Name Address Certificate Number of Vehicles York County Spinney Creek Oyster Co. Eliot (Ian Walker) 271 SS *Port Lobster,Co., Inc. Kennebunkport 241 SS 3 Robert J. Preble & Sons Kennebunkport 256 SS 5 *Shackford & Gooch Kennebunkport 240 SS Seafood Center of Maine Arundel 148 SS I *Crawford Lobster Co. Kittery Point (Geo. Noble) 8SS 2 *Sanford Seafood Center Sanford 304 SS Nuss, David York Beach 164 RS 1 Saltwater Farm, Inc. York Harbor 714 RS SP - Shucker-packers are shellfish dealers who shuck and pack shellfish. A shucker-packer may act as a shellstock shipper or reshipper. SS Shellstock shippers are shellfish dealers who grow, depuration harvest, buy and/or sell shell- stock. Shellstock shippers may purchase and sell shucked shellfish obtained from a certified shellfish dealer. Shucked shellfish shall not be repacked, but must be sold in original container. RS Reshippers are shellfish dealers who trans-ship certified shellstock or shucked shellfish from a certified shellfish dealer to other dealers or to final consumer. Reshippers are not authorized to shuck or repack shucked shellfish, buy from harvesters, or harvest for sale and/or transport under their certification. 115 cleansing plants are closely monitored by DMR and the clams are all taken from known locations. This situation is a unique opportunity to compare population estimates developed from field surveys with production levels and biological sample data derived from sampling at these depuration plants. The following sampling problems are anticipated in a future sampling program for shellfish: 1. No licensing information presently exists that directly indicates which buyers purchase their clams from diggers. This information is contained within two of the three categories listed under Maine Interstate Shellfish Certification; shell stock shippers (SS) and shucker-packers (SP). An interview or telephone survey would be required to establish this information. 2. The DMR shellfish sampling program will have no major problems at those facilities where diggers transport their own clams to the buyer. Sampling and data collection will be difficult to schedule at those locations where diggers bring their clams to a wharf by boat and then sell them directly to a trucker. 3. A problem exists in that with more than 150 buying locations along the coast, even with a ma ximum of te n random sampling days per month for the seven major buying months (April-October), individual towns (requesting catch, effort, and size information 116 for their individual management plans) might receive scanty sampling information for dealers sampled within that town. 4. Diggers may not accurately report digging locations to the samplers. MARINE WORMS: The locations of dealer facilities where marine worms are purchased directly from the diggers may be obtained from DMR records (Marine Worm Dealer License Applications). The supplemental buying locations of these worm dealers have been located through telephone interviews. The 1979 list of dealers and supplemental buyers is included in this report (Table B-7) along with a similar listing compiled by port agents (Table B-8). The worm digging season generally extends from April through September. Marine worm diggers sell their catches at the dealer's packing cellars. Harvesting is conducted only at low tide and the worms are usually sold shortly after low tide (i.e., sales are conducted from one half hour to five hours after mean low water oft any given day). When market demand is high and there are two low tides during the daylight hours, the packing cellars will purchase worms twice on that day although the harvest from the evening tide may be held for shipping the following morning. Sampling of the catch must be conducted rapidly since packing and shipping operations are geared for a rapid turnover of this highly perishable product. 117 TABLE B-7. MARINE WORM DEALERS - 1979 Bishko, Leonard Gouldsboro Bait S. Gouldsboro 963-2203 Crowley, Keith Addison 497-5498 Mathews, Merrill Milbridge ---- DeRapps, Richard Mid-State Bait Hancock 422-3426 or 422-3998 Dorr, Warren Warren Dorr, Jr. Bait Addison 483-2361 Dorr, George Hancock ---- Everett, Stetson Eastern Bait Hancock 422-6822 Fairservice, Stan Fairservice Bait Wiscasset 882-7758 or 882-5081 Flye, Ivan Maine Bait Newcastle 563-3000 Flye, Irene Maine Bait Hancock 667-5209 Hagan, Cliff W. Jonesport 497-2814 or 497-2183 Hammond, Frank Hammond Bait Wiscasset 882-7343 Harden, William B & J Bait Jonesport 497-2814 or 497-2183 Lewis, Harlen Boothbay 633-3517 Peaslee, Aubrey L & A Bait Boothbay 633-4604 Peaslee, Fred S & P Bait Wiscasset 882-6246 Peaslee, Steve Blue Hill 374-5054 Peterson, Charles Harrington 483-2398 Wanser, Abe Milbridge 546-2464 or Greeley, Oscar Sullivan 546-7822 Wanser, Randy Wiscasset Bait Wiscasset 882-7473 Wright, William Wiscasset Bait Addison 483-2217 Digger and Shipper the Same Lounder, John (digs and ships own Lamoine 667-2019 worms) Trukel, William (digs and ships own Newcastle 563-3593 worms, winter smelt bait only) Worm Transport Only Alley, Maynard worm transport only Jonesport 497-2467 Calli Fred worm transport only Harrington 483-4588 Norton, Woodrow worm transport only Addison 483-4441 Smith, William worm transport only Addison 483-4441 118 TABLE B-7. (continued) Tackle Shops Adams, Gary buys from other dealers' Kittery 439-2700 and.1 or 2 diggers Beaudreau, Charles buys from other dealers Brunswick 729-1308 and 1 or 2 diggers Berounsky, Frances buys from other dealers Eliot 439-9515 Bugler, Ian buys from a digger Bath 389-2222 Guy, Robert buys from other dealers York Beach 363-3666 Hardy, Dennis buys from 1 digger Wells 646-9087 Walsh, John buys from other dealers Kennebunkport 967-4622 or 967-3523 Wormwood, Colin buys from other dealers Saco 934-2051 Winter Smelt Bait OnlZ Eddy, James smelt bait buys from Dresden ---- other dealers and diggers Hyde, Jude smelt bait buys from Topsham 725-6929 a digger McKenney, Raymond smelt bait buys from Bowdoinham 666-3203 a digger Quintal, Morris smelt bait buys from Randolph 582-3386 .1 digger Temple, Edgar smelt bait buys from Bowdoinham 666-5568 other dealers and diggers Tome, John smelt bait buys from Bowdoinham 666-5568 diggers Wallentine, Bernard smelt bait buys from Bowdoinham 666-5945 -@ther dealers and diggers Webb, Robert smelt bait buys from Randolph 582-4254 1 digger 119 TABLE B-8 Marine Worm Dealers May 1979 Dealers known to both Dealers known to DMR, but not to DMR and port agents port agents Ivan Flye -Newcastle William Harden -Jonesport Aubrey Peaslee -Boothbay Charles Peterson -Harrington Harlan Lewis -Boothbay Frank Hammond -Wiscasset Fred Peaslee -Wiscasset Stanley Fairservice-Wiscasset Steve Peaslee -Blue Hill Irene Flye -Hancock (Ivan Flye Reports) Stetson Everett -Hancock Richard DeRapps -Hancock Leonard Bishko -S. Gouldsboro Warren Dorr, Jr. -Addison Bill Wright -Addison Keith Crowley -Addison Cliff Hagan -W. Jonesport Abe Wanser -Milbridge possibility of inaccurate Oscar Greeley -Sulliv reporting by dealer Randy Wanser -Wiscasset dealer will give no information at all 120 The sampling procedures, number of dealers sampled and the amount of information to be collected must be appropriate for the management research being conducted; the collection of such data is expensive because of the coastwide distribution of dealer buying locations and the irregular hours of operation. The potential sampling problems are as follows: 1. Individual diggers may combine worms dug on two successive tides into one lot or they may sell worms for other diggers. 2. Diggers usually harvest only one species although, in the eastern portion of the state, sandworm diggers frequently take bloodworms. 3. Dealers frequently mix lots of worms before packing and biological data should be obtained by sampling digger's catches rather than worms packed for shipping. 4. Diggers usually do not give accurate interview information concerning the areas that were dug. 5. Diggers tend to arrive at the cellars in groups and it is usually impractical to sample all of them; a random sampling or selected sampling fraction should be used. 6. Lengths and weights of worms cannot be directly compared since they are passive osmoregulators and theirsize is determined by. the water salinity in the area where they are dug. Salinities are variable from area to area and day to day and 121 worms should be acclimated to a standardized salinity before they are measured. 7. Worms should be anesthetized before measuring their lengths. 8. The sampler-must routinely check the total number of worms dug and reported with the total for which the digger was paid. On occasion, the two totals do not agree because of culling, miscounts or other sources of error. 9. It is not possible to count the numbers of cull worms rejected by the digger. In most cases, the information obtained on culls are the diggers' estimates. LOBSTERS: DMR's present commercial lobster sampling program was started in 1966. At that time every lobster dealer on the coast of Maine was located and interviewed to provide the information necessary to establish a sanpling program for the collection of catch, effort, and size data. The resulting list of dealers (who consistently purchase lobsters from five or more boats) has been continually updated since that time. DM R's most recent list of lobster dealers and a comparable list compiled by port agents are presented in Table B-9. Port agents collect landings data from the dealer weighout or sales slips. This system is fairly efficient but a number of dealers are not visited by the port agents. There appears to be no reasonably efficient method for obtaining data on the recreational lobster catch. low on as 'm an aw TABLE B-9. LOBSTER DEALERS, June 1979 Dealers sampled by both Dealers sampled by DMR Dealers sampled by port DMR and by port agents but not by port agents agents but not by DMR Bernard Zahn Bristol Lobster Company Gilmore's Seafood Mkt. Bremen Boothbay Harbor Bath Lusty Lobster Ward and Sons Inc. (buys from other dealers) Bremen South Harpswell Mid-Coast Lobster Bibber Lobster Company Great Eastern Lobster & South Harpswell Fish Muscongus Bay Lobster Harbor Fish Market Cundys Harbor Round Pond Portland (buys from other dealers) New Harbor Co-op Best Packed Seafood New Harbor Portland William Wood Small Brothers Whitewater Co-op Cushing New Harbor Portland Farrin Fathoms East Seafood Francis Morris South Bristol Portland Port Clyde Marshall Macfarland John Olson South Bristol Cushing Owls Head Lobster Co. Co-op Seacoast Lobster Owls Head South Bristol Tenants Harbor (buys from other dealers) Mill Cove Lobster Bay State Lobster Boothbay Harbor Spruce Head Robinson's Wharf Jordan's Market Boothbay Harbor Rockland Boothbay Region Fish & Cold Storage City Boat Landing Boothbay Harbor Belfast Boothbay Region Fishermen's Co-op Eddie Ausplin Bi-Right Lobster Boothbay Harbor matinicus Belfast TABLE B-9. (continued) Dealers sampled by both Dealer sampled by DMR Dealers sampled by port DMR and by port agents but not by port agents agents but not by DMR Thibodeau's Seafoods Basil Heanssler Young's Lobster Five Islands Deer Isle Belfast Sebasco Wharf Irving Lunt (buys from less than Phippsburg Frenchboro, Long Island 5 boats) Robert York Bryant Lobster Pound Westpoint Steuben Lorenzo Creamer Seaside Lobster & Fish Company M & M Lobster Pound (buys from other dealers) Phippsburg Milbridge Small Point Lobster Pound, Inc. Woodard and Beal MacGregor's Lobster Pound Small Point Beals Island Gouldsboro Henry Allen Bachman Lobster Pound (buys from less than South Harpswell Beals Island 5 boats) Interstate Lobster Elmer Beal South Harpswell Beals Island Black Duck Lobster Days Crab Shop Wallace Brothers Fish & Produce (family affair) .Yarmouth Lubec Peter Darling R.E. Morrison Barney's Cove Lobster Brunswick Kittery Beals Sid Watson Fred Gagne Brunswick Biddeford Pool Walter Calder Webber and Sons, Inc. Eastport Brunswick Lusty Lobster Company Bob Wattle Portland Brunswick Glen Johnson Brunswick Maine Crabmeat Charles Cook Portland Brunswick (buys from other dealers) TABLE B-9. (continued) Dealers sampled by both Dealers sampled by DMR Dealers sampled by port DMR and by port agents but not by port agents agents but not by DMR Win Reed Cape Shore Variety Friendship Cape Elizabeth Robert's Lobster (buys from less than Friendship 5 boats) Wallace's Shellfish Friendship Finast Kind Lobster Simmons Lobster Company Cape Neddick Friendship Youngs Lobster Preble Fish Company I Cushing Cape Porpoise Port Clyde Co-op Port Clyde tj Gary Davis Noonanes; Lobster Hut Port Clyde Cape Porpoise Ar t's Lobster (buys from less than Tenants Harbor 5 boats) Atwood Brothers St. George Spruce Head Co-op Spruce Head Wm. Atwood Spruce Head P.K. Reed Owls Head C.L. Bickford Vinalhaven Buddy Colson (Bennett) Vinalhaven TABLE B-9. (continued) Dealers sampled by both Dealers sampled by DMR Dealers sampled by port DMR and by port agents but not by port agents agents but not by DMR Vinalhaven Co-op Vinalhaven James Brown North Haven Gene Eaton Deer Isle Curtis Heanssler Deer Isle Wm. Fifield Stonington Stonington Co-op 1-2 Stonington Colwell Brothers Ln Stonington Duryea Lobster Company Stonington Damon's Lobster Bernard Thurston Company Bernard C.H. Rich Bass Harbor Swans Island Co-op Swans Island Atwood Lobster Co. (Kents Wharf) Swans Island R.D. Lunt Southwest Harbor Me @M 06 M so sa se "M an 06 on "M "a IM TABLE B-9. (continued) Dealers sampled by both Dealers sampled by DMR Dealers sampled by port DMR and by Rort agents but not by port agents agents but not by DMR B.H. Beal & Son Southwest Harbor Cranberry Isle Co-op Islesford Tidal Falls Lobster Hancock Sorrento Lobster & Fish Co. (Creamers) Sorrento Gouldsboro Enterprises (Bishko) F1 Gouldsboro Winter Harbor Co-op Winter Harbor Lee Chipman Bunker Harbor Eddie Ausplin (Prospect Harbor Lobster Co,) Prospect Harbor Corea Co-op Corea Arnie Francis Corea Jasper Wyman Milbridge Willard Kelley Milbridge Arnie Francis Milbridge TABLE B-9. (continued) Dealers sampled by both Dealers sampled by DMR Dealers sampled by port DMR and by port agents but not by port agents agents but not by DMR Smith & West Lobster Co. Milbridge Ocean Look South Addison Jean Smith Jonesport Jonesport Co-op Jonesport O.W. Look Jonesport Bert Look Jonesport H Urguhart Lobster Co. Bucks Harbor Bucks Harbor Co-op Bucks Harbor Neil Corbett Cutler Anthony Look Cutler New Meadows Lobster Portland Coastal Fisheries Portland Bayley's Pine Point Lobster Co, Old Orchard David Thurlow Old Orchard W, AW SO Iva as 00 a* as an an TABLE B-9. (continued) Dealers sampled by both Dealers sampled by DMR Dealers sampled by port DMR and by port agents but not by port agents agents but not by DMR Pine Point Fisherman's Co-op Old.Orchard Crawford Lobster Company Kittery Chauncey Creek Lobster Kittery Point Cape Neddick Lobster Pound Cape Neddick Saltwater Farms York Harbor V & A Lobster Company York Harbor CO Shackford & Gooch Kennebunkport Port Lobster Company Kennebunkport Cape Porpoise Co-op Cape Porpoise Eaton's Lobster Cape Porpoise Harry Emmons Cape Porpoise Mike Supper Cape Porpoise George Norwood Camp Ellis 129 ALEWIVES: During 1979, alewife landings were collected from the dedicated (local or town managed) runs listed by town in Table B-10). All existing and potential alewife runs listed by county and town for the State of Maine are available in DMR files. With some local.variations, the fishery generally begins around the last week in April and extends through May into the second week of June. Individual towns are responsible for the management of dedicated runs by whatever means they choose. Some towns place the runs up for bids. Others allow any town. resident to obtain a given quantity of fish from the run. Some towns hire a manager to oversee the fishery. HERRING: A complete listing ofcanning, smoking, and filleting plants where herring are landed and processed in Maine are presented in Table B-11. An adequate sampling program is.in operation at this time and the collection of data in this fishery need not be addressed at this time. REDFISH: Commercial redfish landings are reported primarily from two processing facilities: Maine Fisheries Corporation F.J. O'Hara and Sons P.O. Box 1300 Tilson Avenue Portland, Maine 04101 Rockland, Maine 04841 774-2674 594-4444 Based upon the 1977-1978 redfish landings it appears as though 130 TABLE B-10 Dedicated Alewife Runs - 1979 Alna Sullivan Sheepscot River Flanders Stream Arrowsic Surry Sewell Pond Outlet Patten Pond Stream Bath, W. Bath, Phippsburg Tremont Winnegance R. (Bath, W. Bath, Seal Cove Brook Phippsburg) South Berwick Center Pd (Phippsburg) Great Works River New Meadows R. (W. Bath) Waldoboro Whiskeag Stream (Bath) . Medomak River Bristol Warren Pemaquid River St. George River Cherryfield Woolwich Narraquagus River Nequasset Brook Columbia Falls Pleasant River E. Machias E. Machias River Franklin Card Mill Stream (Donnell Pd) Gouldsboro Prospect Hbr. Stream W. Bay Stream Jones Stream Jefferson Dyer R. Kennebunk Kennebunk River Mt, Desert Lone Pd. Newcastle, Nobleboro Damariscotta (Newcastle, Nobleboro) Sherman Lake (Newcastle) Orland Orland River Pembroke Pennamaquan River Penobscot Winslow Stream (Wight Pd) Perry Boyden Stream Steuben Tunk Stream 131 Table B-11 Canning, Smoking, Filleting Plants for Herring Portland Kasbay - Lippman (herring fillet) S. Portland Pine State By-Products (fish meal from wasteor soured fish including trash fish) Yarmouth Royal River - Zwecker (herring fillet) Boothbay Harbor North Atlantic Fisheries (small herring fillet, packed groundfish, tuna) Boothbay Harbor Freezer (frozen groundfish, frozen herring-bait) Bath Bath Canning - Stinson (sardines and herring fillets) Rockland Holmes Pkg. (sardines) North Lubec.Canning - Lawrence Family (sardines) Port Clyde Pkg. (sardines) Stinson (herring and groundfish fillet) Seapro Inc. (fish meal from sardine waste and soured fish) Belfast Belfast Canning - Stinson (sardines) Stonington Port Clyde Pkg. (sardines) Southwest Harbor Stinson (sardines) Prospect Harbor Stinson (sardines) Milbridge L. Ray (sardines) Jasper Wyman (owned by Hollis Wyman) (sardines) Machiasport Machiasport Canning (owned by L. Ray) (sardines) 132 Lubec Booth Fisheries (sardines) R. J. Peacock (sardines) USA Fish (herring fillets) Arthur McCurdy Fish (smoked herring) Eastport Holmes Mose Pike (sardines) Mearl Dave Turner (fish meal and pearl essence) (scales used for luminescence in buttons and jewelry) 133 redfish landings are more or less stable throughout the year except for a slight decrease during winter. PERIWINKLES: This fishery is mentioned here because it is so badly underestimated. The names and locations of people and facilities dealing with periwinkles may be obtained from the list of DMR licensed wholesale seafood dealers and processors. This list is inlcuded in Table B-12 along with collection sites visited by port agents. OTHER COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES: Although some additional information regarding where, when and how the landings of scallops, sea urchins, shrimp, squid, bluebacks, shad, and eels has been collected, this information is presently very incomplete. 134 TABLE B-12. PERIWINKLE DEALERS Locations where port agents Other known periwinkle collect landings information landings sites Coles Express Atlantic Fisheries Co. Rt. 1 Ltd. Baring, Maine One Canal Plaza 454-2566 Portland, Maine 04112 (transports periwinkles for 773-0757 the following dealers): Clark's Cove Fish Co. 1. George Mallock (major shipper) Farrin's Wharf 177 Water Street Main. Street Eastport, Maine So. Bristol, Me. 04568 644-8200 2. Sherman Kelley (major shipper) Lubec, Maine Agnes K. Taylor & family 733-2017 Backshoe Road Bealsr Maine 04611 Mill Cove Lobster Pound 497-2083 Boothbay Harbor, Me.. 04538 633-3340 Maine Sea Products RFD #2 Lubec, Maine 04652 733-4671 Intertidal Harvesters Main Street Jonesport, Maine 04649 497-5757 Sawyer Cove Seafoods RFD #1 Campground Road Jonesport, Me. 04649 Mr. Sheldon Ashby Pembroke Clam Company Pembroke, Maine 726-4260 Mr. O.L. Carver Carver Seafood Beals, Maine 497-5477 135 TABLE B-12. (continued) Locations where port agents Other known periwinkle collect landings information landings sites Mr. Rick Cove Cove's Seafood Jonesport, Maine Mr. Gordon Kelley Lubec, Maine Penny Beals Jonesport, Maine Andy's Seafood Jonesport-Beals, Maine (maj or shipper) Mr. Ralph Smith Jonesport-Beals, Maine Mr. Douglas Hardy Deer Isle, Maine Mr. Dennis Look Addison, Maine Winthrop Bailey D/B/A Wimpy & Sons Trucking Pension Ridge Road Boothbay, Maine 04537 633-3700 (transports periwinkles for the following 2 Jonesport dealers): 1. BO-C Products Jonesport, Me. 04649 497-2111 or 2119 2. William Keller Box 274 Jonesport, Me. 04649 497-2098 136 Element B-6. DETERMINE INDOSTRY SECTORS WHERE LANDINGS DO NOT REFLECT CATCHES: The establishment of the fisheries data base requires the evaluation of the relationship between catches and landings for the species taken by the fisheries. Economic factors operate continuously to change the patterns of discarding and this evaluation is an ongoing task. Fish that have little or no market value may be discarded at sea or sold as bait or for reduction into fishmeal or pet food. In most cases, the fish discarded at sea are not identified or recorded and the portion of catches sold for bait or reduction are not identified by species and weight. Discards of some species (e.g., small silver hake, shrimp, flat fishes) have been significant at times,and thus the landings have not been proportional to the mortality rates associated with fishing activities. Discards or sales of fish for reduction may comprise a major portion of the harvest of some species and should be documented. A sea sampling program to collect catch data aboard commercial and recreational fishing vessels was started in the spring of 1979. The Department of Marine Resources employed two sea samplers through the Massachusetts Audubon Society intern program. The DMR sea sampling program concentrated on sampling aboard day trip vessels involved in the demersal fisheries during the first eight months. Available data for catches, effort and discards from these vessels are particularly inadequate for the Gulf of Maine fisheries. This fishery was also 137 selected for sampling because of the opportunity for comparing data with the information from the bottom trawl survey (Element A). Data were recorded on a standard form (Figure B-11)adapted from the NOAA sampling program format (Figure B-12@ Information from these trip sheets was then coded and stored using the DMR computer terminal linked to the University of Maine's computer at Orono. Catches were estimated by volume or weight for the major species and fish were sampled for the recording of biological data for age and growth studies. Length-frequency data were recorded on aluminum punch strips mounted on a measuring board. Discards and/or fish for bait or reduction were recorded by weight or volume and were also sampled. Data on gear, fishing areas, depths and time fished were recorded. In the day trip fishery the fishermen may not know how many pounds of each market species he took, until he is paid by the buyer. Thus, in most cases, it is not possible to check estimated catches with the reported landed weights on the day the catch is landed. This will entail some problems in the finalized sea sampling program since it will often be necessary to contact the fisherman two or more days after the trip for verification of the landed weights of the catch. Verification of the hail estimates will eventually be completed by the port agents when this expanded program is operational. In all sample trips the captain's estimate has been used for recording the catch of the major species. In one instance, verification of the hail upon landing was possible and 138 VESSEL NAME G EAR MESH SIZE TRIP NO. SAILED DATE TIME LANDED DATE TI E PORT DATE TIME DATE TIME DATE TIME DATE TL E TOWS DEPTH IN FATHOMS FROM FROM FROM FROM POSITION TO TO TO TO TOTAL TIME OF SET HRS. MIN. HRS MIN. HRS. MIN. HRS. M 16L TOTAL HAIL/TOW TOTAL DISCARD -_0Vw.ENTS Figure B-11. DMR Sea sampling Trip Record Sheet vm an to VESSEL NAME EAR I NIP NO. s All- E D-DATL /Tl ME LAN090@-VATC ;TIMI DATE TIME DATE TIME DAT TIME DATE TIME WATCH POSIiION -WHILL i-liwi-mv- OLPINFISHIO IN FAlhOM3 NUMBER OF T OWS PER WATCH MIN, HRS. MIN. HRS. MIN. Hilo. MIN. TOTAL TIME NET ON BOTTOM LAROE (LOS.) HADDOCK SCROD (Las.) YELLOWTAIL WIS.) Fl Lj AL HAIL PtR TOW HADDOCK (OU.) 0 VELLOWTAIL (BU.) TOTAL DISCARD .COMMENTS Figure B-12.- NMFS Sea Sampling Trip Record Sheet 140 the captain's estimates for the hail were very accurate. The sea sampling program collected data on demersal fishing by Maine vessels at 62 locations along the coast (Table B-13). These vessels sailed from ports between York Harbor and Stonington and fished a variety of fishing grounds within 50 miles of the coast (Figure B-13). Otter trawls (46 tows) were the most commonly sampled gear followed by gill nets (12 overnight sets) and party boats (4 trips). All of these stations were fished by day trip vessels except stations 25 through 34 which were fished by one vessel on a single five day trip. The sea sample data have not been analyzed. Catches for some species in the demersal fisheries are enormously variable within gear categories, this is partially due to directed fishing for specific species by some vessels. Length measurements of representative samples from the catches and discards were recorded at sea (Table B-14). These data will be used to develop estimates of the age distributions of the species taken in the commercial catches. The.analysis of data collected from different vessels (e.g., gillnetters vs. otter trawls) will be quite complex because of the differences in the types of fishing efforts. The length-frequency data must also be evaluated to correct for gear selectivity. The collection and computer storage of data from this program will be continued but the analyses of these data will be postponed until additional data have been collected. low a ma so TABLE B-13.STATION DATA FOR 1979 SEA SAMPLING PROGRAM Mean Mean Station Gear Station Position Depth Station Gear Station Position Depth Type Latitude Longitude (feet) Type Latitude Longitude (feet) 1 Otter Trawl 43052' 700141 276 17 Otter-Trawl 430261 700171 180 2 Otter Trawl 43025' 70012' 300 18 Ottet Trawl 43019' 70015' 312 3 Gill Net 43019' 70014' 240 19 Otter Trawl 430531 68044' 292 4 Gill Net 43020' 70013' 270 20 Otter Trawl 43045' 69005' 276 5 Gill Net 430181 70017' 288 21 Otter Trawl 43048' 69007' 246 6 Gill Net 430201 70015' 270 22 Otter Trawl 43044' 69045@ 90 7 Otter Trawl 430381 690271 252 23 Otter Trawl 43048' 69024' 90 8 Otter Trawl 43045' 69021' 288 24 Otter Trawl 43048' 69024' 90 9 Otter Trawl 43048' 69025' 228 25 Otter Trawl 43019' 69010' 510 10 Otter Trawl 43048' 69024' 252 26 Otter Trawl 43020' 69013' 528 11 Otter Trawl 43048' 69022' 260 27 Otter Trawl 430211 69014' 528 12 Otter Trawl 4 3048' 690201 252 28 Otter Trawl 43016' 69009' 576 13 Gill Net 43040' 68043' 360 29 Otter Trawl 430121 6BO60' 534 14 Gill Net 43040' 680431 360 30 Otter Trawl 430171 68056' 506 15 Gill Net 43040' 68043' 360 31, Otter Trawl 43001' 68057' 516 0 16 Otter Trawl .43026' 700171 204 32 Otter Trawl 430131 68 53' 528 Table B-13 (continued) Mean Mean Station Gear Station Position Depth Station Gear Station Positon Depth Type Latitude_ Longitude (feet) Type Latitude Longitude (feet) 33 Otter Trawl 43')12' 69001, 510 60 Otter Trawl 43051' 690171 180 34 Otter Trawl 430ill 68051' 582 61 Otter Trawl 43051' 69'17- 189 35 Otter Trawl 430241 690041 456 62 Otter Trawl 43051' 690171 165 0 36 Otter Trawl 430291 68059' 432 63 Otter Trawl 43045' 69 421 90 37 Otter Trawl 430431 69002' 471 64 Otter Trawl 430451 690421 90 50 Otter,Trawl a 431)311 69'33' 420 65 Otter Trawl 430451 690421 90 a 51 Otter Trawl 43o,481 69026' 420 66 Party Boat 43033' 700071 105 tQ 52 Otter Trawla 43049' 690421 180 67 Gill Net 430091 70001, 270 53 Otter Trawl a 430491 690421 180 68 Gill Net 430081 700001 252 54 Otter Trawl 430461 69041' 200 69 Party Boat 43055' 68055' 225 55 Otter Trawl 43031' 69033' 480 70 Party Boat 430051 700331 135 56 Otter Trawl 43023' 690371 480 71 Party Boat 43006' 70033' 98 57 Otter Trawl 43031' 690351 420 72 Gill Net 43010' 700021 192 58 Otter Trawl 43046' 69023' 240 73 Gill Net 43008' 700041 180 59 Otter Trawl 43047' 690221 240 74 Gill Net 430101 70001, 180 a) Vessel rigged with a shrimp net a IM low IM law low DRAGGER GILL NETTER 019 0 PARTY BOAT 069 11 61 62 3 @ 00060 02, 9,11 0 b012 3 51:008 020 4 56 0063,64,615 0 07 1300014 00 52,53 54 15 G,ULF OF MAINE 066 570 54D05 0 37006 16 02 0 01 035 0 674 056 4@7 3 18 Y&3,72 26 's .2T0 5 25% NAUT 028 P-9,9 30 0 33 OC?32 A68 W4 A61f 71 Ei 70 Fig@ire B-13. Sea Sampling Stations - 1979 144 TABLE B-14 NUMBER OF LENGTH MEASUREMENTS TAKEN BY THE SEA SAMPLING PROGRAM: STATIONS 1-74. Number of Gill Number of Party Number of Species D agger Stations Netter Stations Boat Stations Cod 244 11 28 2 43 4 Haddock 104 8 1 1 Pollock 106 4 American plaice 647 13 78 4 White Hake 2 1 6 1 Red Hake 8 3 15 1 Shad 1 1 18 1 Goosefish 31 5 Sea Raven 23 5 Ocean Pout 5 2 L.H. Sculpin 34 5 Thorny Skate 16 5 Silver Hake 17 2 51 4 6 1 Sea Herring 9 2 Redfish 1 1 2 1 5 2 Winter Flounder 317 7 Witch Flounder 197 7 Halibut 1 1 Wolfish 1 1 Yellowtail Flounder 122 4 Sand Flounder 7 1 Little Skate 1 1 Big Skate 1 1 Lumpfish 3 1 Mackerel 57 2 5 3 Cusk 18 1 145 ET,T1 NT C: A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES OF MAINE by C.J. Walton 146 Element C: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES I. INTRODUCTION: The marine recreational fisheries of Maine have not been perceived by fishery managers to be of major economic significance.in comparison with the commercial fisheries. This orientation has been sustained by the paucity of data on these fisheries and the lack of a clearly defined public sector associated with the recreational fisheries (the participants are not licensed and the associated support industries cannot be readily identified). There are no statutory responsibilities for oversight of these recreational fisheries vested in any state agency. One-important need for the management of the recreational fisheries is a definitive statement of policy at the state level. The Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (FCMA) requires that recreational"fishing be considered in the computation of optimum yields and that allowable catches be divided between commercial and recreational fisheries. These provisions will ultimately result in the development of recreational fishery management policies at both the state and federal levels of government. State management policy will probably encompass a number of species and fisheries that are not managed by the FCMA and it is reasonable and prudent for the state to plan for the management of all marine, anadromous and estuarine species which support a recreational fishery. There are 63 marine species associated with recreational fisheries 147 in Maine (Table C-1). There are directed fisheries of some significance involving 26 of these species. Some of these are mixed species fisheries such as the mackerel-harbor pollock fishery and the groundfishery for cod, pollock, cusk, haddock, and hakes. There are inadequate data on catch, effort and stock abundance for most species in the Maine fisheries. The majority of these fisheries have no significant effect on the abundance of the resources and management to control fishing mortality is not necessary at this time. Atlantic salmon, brook trout, brown trout and shad require management because they occur in relatively small populations. Striped bass, cod and bluefin tuna may also require management because of excessive fishing mortality. The initial phase of management, after the formulation of a state management policy, will be limited to the collection of descriptive statistics for at least the more important fisheries. one objective of this characterization will be the identification of current and potential problem areas as a guide to selecting fisheries for future management research. This planning document is not intended as a catalogue of our lack of knowledge of these fisheries but as a first attempt to define the data needed for future management decisions. II. ECONOMIC PROFILES: There are four major user groups in the Maine recreational fisheries: party boat fisheries; charter boat fisheries; private boat fisheries and the shore based fishery. These arbitrary groupings are based on fishing 148 TABLE C-1 SPECIES INVOLVED IN MAINE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES Species Fishery_ Blue shark, Frionace gZauca Directed Spiny dogfish, SquaZus acanthiaus Incidental Barn-door skate, Raja Zaevis Incidental Big skate, Raja oceZZata Incidental Little skate, Raja erinacea Incidental Thorny skate, Raja radiata Incidental Porbeagle shark, Lcmza nasus Directed Alewife, AZosa pseudoharengus Directed bait non-consumptive Blueback herring, AZosa aestivaZis Directed bait & non-consumptive Shad, AZosa sapidissima Directed Menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus Directed bait Brown trout, SaZmo trutta Directed Brook trout, SaZveZinus fontinaZis Directed Salmon, SaZmo saZar Directed Smelt, Osmerus mord= Directed Eel, AnguiZZa rostrata Directed and bait Common mummichog, FunduZus heteroczitus Directed bait Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Directed Silver hake, MerZuccius biZinearis Incidental (?) Cod, Gadus morhua Directed Tomcod, Wcrogadus tomcod Directed Haddock, MeZanogrm7ms aegZefinus Directed Pollock, PcUachius virens Directed White hake, Urophycis tenuis -Incidental (?) Squirrel (Red) hake, Urophycis chuss Incidental (?) Cusk, Brosme brosme Incidental Spotted hake, Urophycis regius Incidental Blue hake, Antimora rostrata Incidental Halibut, HippogZossus hippogLossus Directed Summer flounder, ParaZichthys dentatus Directed Winter flounder, PseudopLeuranectes americanus Directed Mackerel, Scomber scombrus Directed & bait Tuna, Thunnus thynnus Directed Bluefish, Pomatomus saZtatrix Directed Striped bass, 14orane saxatiZis Directed White perch, 14orone americana Directed Grubby, AfyoxocephaZus aeneus Incidental Longhorn sculpin,' MyoxocephaZus octodecemspinosus Incidental Sea raven, Hemitripterus canericanus Incidental Cunner, TautogoZabrus adspersus Directed Sand launce, Ammodytes americanus Directed bait 149 TABLE C-1 (continued) Species Fishery Wolffish, AnarhZichas Zupus Incidental Ocean pout, Macrozoarces americanus Incidental Goosefish, Lophius americanus Incidental Invertebrates Lobster, Homarus americanus Directed Jonah crab, Cancer boreaZis Incidental M Rock crab, Cancer irroratus Incidental M Horseshoe crab, Limulus poLyphemus Directed bait Blue mussel, MytiZus eduZis Di rected Soft-shell clam, Hya arenaria Directed and bait Hen clam, SpisuZa soZidissima Directed and bait Moon snail, PoLinices heros Directed P'eriwinkle, Littorina Littorina Directed Green crab, Carcinides meanas Directed bait Sandworms, Nereis virens Directed bait Bloodworms, GZycera dibranchiata Directed bait White worm, Nephtys bucera Directed bait Ocean quahogs, Arctica isLandica Directed M Scallops, PZacopecten mageZZanicus Directed Sand shrimp, Crangon septimspinosus Directed bait Sea urchins, Strongy1ocentrotus droebachiensis Directed Short-finned squid, Mex Mecebrosus Directed and bait Long-finned squid, LoZigo peaZei Directed and bait 150 activities and do not define a specific group of anglers since.an individual may participate in more than one of these fisheries. PARTY BOAT FISHERY This fishery is conducted from boats which sail with a relatively fixed schedule and carry anglers at a fixed rate. Vessels usually carry more than six fishermen and operate from May through October. There are a number of surveys which have estimated the number of party boats operating in Maine and they are in agreement only when one summary cites another. The best estimate of the number of party boats, derived from available data, is 39 vessels with an average capacity of 37 fishermen. Total.direct employment in the Maine party boat industry (estimated from data in Nicholson and Ruais, 1979) is 91 crew members with estimated annual total wages of approximately $390,000. Summarization of available data suggests that the average fee for a party boat trip in Maine is now about $15.50 and these party boats average 82 day trips/year with an estimated mean of 28 fishermen per trip for a total annual direct expenditure of approximately $1.4 million. These estimates do no include related costs such as travel, parking fees, landed value of the catch, etc. Mc Connell and Nicholson (1978) estimated annual revenues for party boats at $36,000 for those carrying 41 to 70 fishermen and $23,000 for those carrying 40 or fewer passengers. Application.of these estimates to the Maine party boat fleet yields an estimated annual revenue of $1.1-million. These dataare subjective but 151 the party boat fleet in Maine probably has gross annual revenues of between 1.1 and 1.4 million dollars. Centaur Management Consultants (1977) estimated multiplier impacts .of the charter and party boat fishery in New England. The best estimate of the economic impact of the Maine party boat fishery derived from these data are shown in Table C-2. The economic value of the Maine party boat fishery is approximately 2.48 million dollars in 1979 excluding the landed value of the catch and induced multiplier effects. Table C-2. Economic Impacts of the Maine Party Boat Fishery Sales: $1,250,000 Value Added: $ 750,000 Wages, Salaries: $ 390,000 Employment (person years): $ 50 Annual Capital Expenditures: $ 87,000 Total: 2,477,000 CHARTER BOAT FISHERY Maine charter boats typically carry fewer than six passengers and tend to seek gamefish such as tuna, shark, bluefish and striped bass. Available data suggest that there are approximately 26 operating charter boats in Maine (Centaur, 1977). All surveys examined have seriously underestimated the number of charter boats operating in Maine waters 152 since those listed have a scheduled sailing routine, a public docking area and a Coast Guard license. The majority of the small boats operating as charter vessels do not have Coast Guard licenses and operate on an irregular schedule. There are probably 150 charter fishing boats operating along the coast at this time. These are mostly private vessels operated on weekends or by reservation and fishing for bluefish, striped bass or groundfish. A considerable number of lobster boats also conduct tuna-and mackerel trips when the opportunity arises. New England charter boats reportedly fish an average of 70 days/ year and carry about five passengers per trip (Centaur, 1977). These estimates are probably too high for Maine charter boats and a more appropriate estimate would be 55 days/year with a 3.5 passenger average. Fishermen pay at a higher rate in the charter boat fishery, and for the 26 licensed vessels, costs probably average $65/man for day trips. The available data on,the Maine charter boat fishery are inaccurate but the fishery probably provides part-time employment for at least 150 individuals during the year. Subjective estimates of gross revenue and economic impacts are presented in Table C-3 (computed from data by Centaur, 1977). Collection of data on the charter boat fishery is difficult because a large portion of the vessels are.unlicensed, make unscheduled trips, and produce unreported income. 153 Table C-3. Estimated Economic Impact of the Maine Charter Boat Fishery Sales: $ 900,000 Value Added: $ 540,000 Wages and Salaries: $ 260,000 Employment: $ 150 (total) Annual Capital Expenditures: $ 62,500 Total: $1,762,500 PRIVATE BOAT FISHERY Bromberg (1973) estimated that there were 15,084 private recreational boats that fished in salt water in Maine that year. The Coast Guard (U.S.C.G., Annual Boating Statistics) estimated that there were 50,552 private recreational boats in Mai ne during 1953 and this had increased to 110,790 by 1977. Bromberg (ibid) reported that the Coast Guard data were probably underestimates. These data suggest that the private boat recreational fishery in Maine coastal waters could involve as many as 33,000 boats in 1977. Bromberg (ibid) estimated that these boats tended to fish in bays and rivers about as much as they fished in the open ocean. The major target species for Maine recreational boaters are bluefish and mackerel in the open ocean and bluefish, mackerel and striped bass in bays and rivers. Bromberg's data indicates that 86% of these boats were less than 26 feet in length and therefore the majority 154 of the fishery probably takes place within the state's territorial waters. The fishery operates from May through October and is distributed coastwide with heaviest activity near population centers. The economic impact of the private recreational boat fishery is difficult to assess but some estimates may be derived from the available data. Bromberg's (ibid) data indicate that 6.9% of the private recreational fishing boats in the northeast operate in Maine waters. Centaur Management Consultants (1977) estimated the economic impacts of marine recreational fishing in the northeast and those items associated with the recreational boat fishery may be reduced by 93.1% to yield estimates of the economic value for Maine presented in Table C-4. These estimates are based on data from 1975 and do not include landed value of the catch, data on the lobster boat fishery or expenditures for travel, food and lodgings. Table C-4. Estimated Economic Impact of the Maine Private Boat Fishery Sales: $16,700,000 Value Added: $ 4,882,000 Wages and Salaries: $ 2,334,000 Employment: $ 296 Annual Capital Expenditures: $ 240,000 Total: $24,156,000 155 Data on the private boat fishery in Maine are inadequate. The social and economic impacts of management cannot be assessed for this sector of the fisheries. Avai.lable data suggest a fishery of great economic importance to this state and additional information on the privately-owned and rental boat fisheries is necessary before management restrictions are employed. SHORE FISHERIES The shore based fisheries of Maine provide recreation for a greater number of people than all of the boat fisheries combined. Fishing occurs throughout most of the year and participation usually peaks during the summer months. Information on these fisheries is totally inadequate and virtually all estimates of the number of participants are far too low. The difficulties in assessing these fisheries are obvious: the fishermen are scattered along more than 3000 miles of shoreline, they are opportunisitic and mobile and may fish at any hour of the day or night. There are no data suitable for estimation of.the numbers of shore based anglers fishing in Maine. The Department of Marine Resources is currently working with NMFS and a private consulting firm on an intercept survey of the recreational fisheries. The results of this work will be useful in the evaluation of the shore based fisheries but the errors about the estimates will be fairly high because of the small number of samples. The shore fisheries probably have three to five times more 156 participants than the boat fisheries although individual expenditures for goods and seines are much lower. The economic impact of the shore based fisheries in Maine is probably equal to that of the combined boat fisheries; something on the order of $28,000,000 each year. III. SOCIAL PROFILE: A sociological profile of marine recreational fishermen in Maine cannot be outlined at this time since there are no adequate data. There is an obvious tendency for the boat fisheries to be prosecuted by the more affluent whereas the shore fishermen tend to have lower average incomes. The angler tends to participate in a fishery by choice and is not entirely constrained by income; therefore, the affluent may be observed fishing from shore and the u. nemployed might fish from a boat purchased on credit. Inflationary trends have blurred the distinctions between recreational and commercial fishing within the past decade. Rod-caught bluefin tuna, taken in a fishery traditionally perceived as a sport for the*affluent, are routinely sold to defray expenses. Sale offish taken in the recreational fisheries has become socially acceptable in recent years although it had been considered unsportsmanlike for generations. Recreational fishing is a significant component of the Maine ,tourist industry and provides employment for a number of middle and lower income families. most of the individuals operating charter and party boats have other jobs and consider employment in the seasonal 157 recreational fisheries as a refreshing change. Employment in the summer charter boat fishery appears to be especially attractive to school teachers. The majority of the resident marine sport fishermen live within 25 miles of the coast and come from all social and economic strata. There are no unique social or demographic characteristics exhibited by saltwater sport fishermen aside from the observation that they usually live within an hour's drive of a coastal fishing area. IV. PROBLEM AREAS: SHORE FISHERIES A major problem of the shore based recreational fisheries of Maine is access to the shoreline. At least 96% of Maine's coastline is privately owned and, for the most part, closed to the public. Increasingly stringent federal safety regulations have resulted in the closure of many commercial docks wharves and piers and has increased the usage of public access areas. Coastal state parks are closed to a significant segment of the fishing public, those participating in the striped bass and bluefish fisheries conducted at night, on the peculiar assumption that legitimate public access should only occur during daylight hours. An increasing number of shore fishermen have switched to small boats because of these access problems but the increasing costs of boat ownership and operation have limited this trend. 158 BOAT FISHERIES The decline in the striped bass stocks has resulted in a sharp reduction in the number of small boats (<26 ft) operating in coastal waters. This, in turn, has reduced@marina business and a number of marginal operations have gone out of business. This has, in turn, reduced the availability of fuel and services along the coast; for example, the lower Kennebec River had five full-time marinas offering fuel and supplies during 1974; there is only one part-time fuel dock operating today. The interactive effects of one fishery on another are not well known but this is obviously a case in which the collapse of a resource has adversely affected several other fisheries. GENERAL PROBLEMS Some species harvested by the recreational fisheries are declining or are at low levels of abundance; these include: striped bass, bluefin tuna, cod, Atlantic salmon, brown trout and brook trout. The recent declines in abundance of striped bass and bluefin tuna have had an obvious impact in the sport fishery, this may also be the case for cod and the party boat industry although this is not clear because several other species are involved. Li censing of marine recreational fishermen will probably be implemented within the next decade. Licensing has been proposed as a reasonable nethod of enumerating recreational fishermen although a 159 significant proportion of the anglers in some fisheries (e.g., juveniles in the pollock-mackerel fishery) would not be licensed. Marine recreational fishermen are, in general, opposed to licensing (Stroud, 1978). Implementation of a license or permit system would adversely affect the charter and party boat industry, especially with respect to non-resident tourists, and therefore, this segment of the marine fishing industry is opposed to recreational licensing. Licensing is not, at the moment, considered to be a serious problem although it could become a hotly debated political issue in the future. V. DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERIES ANADROMOUS SPECIES: Atlantic Salmon; SaLma saZar This species supports an intensive recreational fishery in a number of rivers in Maine. Catch and effort (salmon permits) data are collected and compiled by the Atlantic Sea Run Salmon Commission and management authority for this species is vested in this Commission. Research, management and regulation of this species is more complete than for any other anadromous species. The Atlantic salmon fishery is primarily limited to rivers but there is a small directed estuarine fishery for black salmon in the .spring. Directed fishing for Atlantic salmon requires a permit and is, therefore, regulated. Occasional salmon are caught by fishermen seeking 160 other species although this harvest is probably no t significant. This species is vulnerable to coastal and estuarine weirs and gill nets although future commercial-recreational fishery conflicts may not be a significant problem since this salmon is managed solely as a recreational species. Spawning run access problems associated with commercial alewife fisheries are usually resolved through the Department of Marine Resources. The taking of salmon is limited to fly fishing only and this tends to limit participation in the fishery. The catch in 1978 was 821 fish, the largest harvest since 1958. Current estimated economic value for a salmon is $500 and therefore, the value of the catch was $410,000. Estimates of economic value for salmon, and the annual harvest for the past two decades, suggest that the salmon enhancement program has an unacceptable benefit-cost ratio. Economic value is only one of the social, economic and political factors that must be evaluated in the management process for this fishery. Striped Bass; Morone saxatiZis The most rapidly changing of the major recreational fisheries. This species spawns in the Chesapeake Bay area and.migrates into Maine coastal waters. The fishery is conducted coastwide from May through October with June, July and August as the peak months. The fihsery developed rapidly during 1958-1974 and sustained a relatively large number of participants. In York and Cumberland counties, a considerable 161 support industry (bait and tackle shops, marinas, guides and charter boats) developed during the 1960's. Catch per unit effort was relatively high and this attracted a considerable number of non-resident anglers, especially from Massachusetts, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. This had a considerable effect on motels, campgrounds, and the local tourist industry in a number of areas. Between 1963 and 1972 striped bass fishing derbies and tournaments proliferated and, at the peak of this activity, anglers could participate in one or more of these events every weekend through the most active months of the fishery. A succession of poor year classes started about 1967 and these effects were apparent in the fishery by 1971. Collapse of these migrant stocks started with the very poor year classes after 1969 and recruitment failure became apparent in the Maine fishery by 1974.- The only available data on catch and effort estimates during this period came from Otto's (1971) survey of the shore based fishery from Kennebunk to Port Clyde. This survey did not sample the extensive boat fishery in this area and overlooked a number of favored shore fishing locations. The study provided estimates of effort for a portion of the recreational fishery on the order of 176,000 angler hours in 1969 and 114,000 angler hours in 1970. The estimated harvests during those years were 23,500 and 6,500 fish, respectively. In view of the limitations of this survey it is reasonable to assume that the actual effort levels were about twice 162 the estimated quantities for the area covered. The traditional fishery has been heaviest from Penobscot Bay to Kittery and has concentrated on rivers and estuaries. Casco Bay is not heavily fished from shore but there is a small boat fishery of unknown magnitude. East of Penobscot Bay striped bass fishing is associated with centers of population rather than corresponding to the distribution of the fish. During the 1960's an estimated 80% of the active striped bass fishermen in the state were residents. The fishery has declined 'dramatically since the mid-60's and data from the two surviving striped bass fishing clubs have indicated that the number of active resident striped bass fishermen in the area from Kittery to the Kennebec River has declined to 10% of the 1965-66 level. This species is also harvested by skindivers and is considered a desirable trophy; spearfishing activity is heaviest from Kittery to Cape Elizabeth, moderate in the Casco Bay- Kennebec River area, and fairly light east of the Kennebec. The major problems of this resource are overfishing, pesticide contamination, and the destruction of tide marsh nursery areas. These factors are primarily operating outside the New England area and management by the state can only address the overfishing issue. There are no catch, effort or abundance data for this species. There is no ban on commercial fishing for this species in Maine, but landings are seldom reported. Fish sold in Maine are usually marketed in Boston or New York. Because of the markedly reduced catch and.effort in Maine, 163 no immediate effort restrictions can be justified for biological reasons although they may be implemented as a part of the cooperative state- federal management program. Smelt; Osmerus mordaz The smelt supports an extensive recreational fishery with a longer season that any other species. The major fisheries are the winter (December through mid-March) ice fishery and the spring dipnet fishery. Some directed hook and line fishing occurs throughout the open water season but it is not significant in comparison with the two major fisheries. Smelt are year round coastal residents of Maine and the fishery is sustained by local spawning populations. Some catch-effort data are available for the winter ice fishery (Flagg, 1972) and data for the winter of 1968-69 provided estimates of 36,570 man days of fishing and a catch of 200,700 lbs. of smelt. No data are available on catch and effort in the spring dipnet fishery, although the landings are probably equal to the winter harvest. The fishery is relatively stable and the resource is in general not overharvested. Landings data are inaccurate and the fisheries for smelt typify the modern marine recreational fishery in which there are no universal distinctions between recreational and commercial harvesting. Sport fishermen frequently sell their surplus catch through local, and unreported, outlets. Many sport anglers utilize rented smelt camps during the winter ice fishery and defray the expenses be selling all or 164 Part of the catch. There are no major problems with this resource and its management at this time. This is one of the few fisheries in which there is no immediate potential for a major commercial-recreational fishery conflict. This situation could change rapidly if abundance declines. Current regulations are inadequate for short-term management. Data oc catch and effort are inadequate (except for the mid-coastal winter fishery); data on stock abundance (except for Kennebec watershed) are also inadequate. Existing management policies appear to be adequate so long as the abundance of this species remains at current levels. shad;,AZosa sapidissima Angling for shad in Maine is primarily limited to stream fishing for them during the spring (May-June) spawning run. The Narraguagus River supports a modest (approximately 200@fish/year) fishery. Runs in the Nonesuch, Kennebunk, Eastern, Cathance, Sheepscot, East Machias, Dennys and some tributaries of the St. Croix aresmall and directed sport fishing for shad is almost non-existent. The fishery will probably expand slowly, if at all, in the next decade because of the small size of the spawning stocks. Major problems of the fishery include: a lack of suitable spawning area in Maine rivers and streams (partly due to lack of fishways that will pass shad); commercial harvesting of shad in the spring river fisheries for alewives; and an expanding coastal industrial@fishery. 165 Management of shad resources is shared by the Department of Marine Resources and the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. Programs include fishway construction, surveys to determine distribution of spawning stocks, some work on management of shad spawning runs in streams that have commercial alewife fisheries and some stocking work for spawning run restoration. Data on recreational catches are available for at least one stock (Narraguagus) but no information is available on effort, commercial harvests or stock abundance. Restoration and management of thi s species is a long-term process. This is not a major recreational fishery. Coho Salmon; Oncorhynchus kiautch This species has been introduced in New Hampshire and.the only directed fishery for coho salmon is in the Ki ttery area where a number of fishermen troll in Great Bay and tidal areas of the Piscataqua River. The fishery has created some market for specialized tackle and lures in the Kittery area and a reasonable estimate of resident fishermen who prosecute a directed coho salmon fishery would be about 100. Few non-resident anglers appear to participate in a directed Maine fishery for coho. The fish have been taken as incidental catches, usually by mackerel fishermen, as far east as Penobscot Bay. The coho is frequently confused with Atlantic salmon by fishermen and some inevitable misapprehensions about regulations and permits for Atlantic salmon appear to plague the coho sport fishery. Many fishermen who take coho do not 166 have an Atlantic salmon permit and therefore, are hesitant about reporting or discussing their catches. No data on landings or effort estimates are available. The coho salmon has a great potential for introduction in Maine and could sustain an inshore and estuarine fishery of considerable economic and social importance. Traditional preferences for Atlantic salmon and the magnitude of the investment in time and funds for Atlantic salmon restoration suggest that the introduction of coho salmon in Maine is probably politically unacceptable within the next decade. White Perch; Morone americana This anadromous species is widely distributed in rivers and estuaries along the Maine coast. It supports a significant recreational fishery in fresh water but there is little directed fishing for them in tidal waters. White perch spawning stocks in Maine coastal waters are scattered and tend to fluctuate from year to year. Probably fewer than 100 anglers regularly'fish for this species. No data are available on catch, effort or stock abundance. Brook Trout; SatveZinus fantinaLis This freshwater species is widely distributed along the Maine coast because A portion of the population in many streams tends to overwinter in saltwater. Some of these sea-run fish remain in tidal water and provide a modest sport fishery. Some larger rivers have large sea-run trout populatio ns that can 167 sustain heavy fishing pressure. In small coastal streams sea-run brook trout populations are small and slow to recover from heavy fishing. The fish tend to remain close to the streams and the fishermen are secretive and very reluctant to discuss the fishery. The fishery is primarily confined to the spring months although some fish are taken through the summer and early fall. There are no data on these fisheries and only a few of the streams that support a fishery have been,indentified. There are probably fewer than 200 active sea-run brook trout fishermen in the state and the majority of them are residents. The abundance of sea-run trout may be influenced by upstream stocking by the Department of Inland Fisheries and wildlife since stocked fish frequently move downstream. The fishery will probably remain stable within the next decade and no significant changes are expected. Management of these stocks is not needed at this time since the existing state freshwater regulations provide some protection against overharvesting. Brown Trout; SaZmo trutta The fishery for sea-run brown trout is much smaller than that for brook trout since this species is not as common in coastal streams. Fishermen are, for the most part, those who participate in the sea-run brook trout and Atlantic salmon fisheries. There are a number of areas that have positively been identified as supporting sea-run brown trout 168 fisheries although there are no data on catch or effort. As in the sea-run brook trout fishery there are no data on catch, effort or abundance of the fish. Watershed stocking of this species probably increases the numbers of sea-run fish in the estuaries. Sea- run brook and brown trout fisheries are probably far more extensive than anticipated although they are not of major social and economic importance. No management of sea-run brown trout fisheries is necessary at this time although stocking to maintain fisheries in some selected coastal streams is justifiable. Alewife; AZosa pseudoharengus Blueback Herring; A. aestivaZis. Both species are taken during their spring spawning run, and the subsequent return to salt water, for bait in the striped bass recreational fishery. This spring (May, June) recreational fishery is primarily centered west of Penobscot Bay and usually harvests stocks not utilized in commercial fisheries. The fishery is usually small and there are probably fewer than 200 participants annually and they catch an estimated 200 bushels of alewives and bluebacks each year. The striped bass fishery has declined and, as a result, fewer than 50 fishermen participate in this harvest at present. These species also support a nonconsumptive recreational activity since the spring spawning runs are a popular phenomenon for "fish watching" by individuals and school groups. A few anglers fish for 169 these species, usually with fly fishing gear, each spring but this is a very small fishery, probably less than 30 people statewide. A larger fishery is prosecuted by juveniles who snag the fish for sport and this activity probably involves several hundred individuals each spring. These two species are managed by the Department of Marine Resources as a commercial fishery resource and.no recreational controls are necessary. CATADROMOUS SPECIES: American Eel; AnguiZZa rostrata The eel fisheries of Maine are primarily commercial although recreational fisheries involving spearing, hook and line and trapping do occur. A portion of the commercial fisheries take eels as bait for the striped bass and bluefish recreational fisheries. The spring elver fishery has some recreational aspects although it is considered as a commercial fishery since the entire catch is sold. A number of resident and non-resident fishermen operated eel pots in tidal rivers and estuaries to take eels for bait and for home consumption. This practice is widespread although most of the eels harvested east of Penobscot Bay are entirely for home consumption. Eel trapping for striped bass bait occurs in almost every,coastal river from Kittery to Rockland. A number of coastal freshwater ponds are also trapped for this purpose. There is a modest local market (Kittery to Rockland) for live trapped eels that are sold to sport fishermen through local bait and tackle shops. These markets are associated with population centers near the York, Saco, New Meadows and Kennebec Rivers. There is a modest hookand line fishery prosecuted in many coastal rivers of the state. winter eel spearing, once a popular pasttime, is almost non-existent today. No data are available on catch, effort or .the number of participants inthe recreational eel fisheries. Regulation of the recreational fishery is not necessary at this time. INSHORE SPECIES: Common Mackerel; Scomber scombrus Chub Mackerel; Pneumatophorus CoLias The common mackerel and the chub mackerel are practically identical and both occur in the recreational fishery catch along the Maine coast. Chub mackerel comprise a small proportion of the catch from Kittery to Casco Bay and are seldom taken east of Boothbay Harbor. The mackerel fishery is conducted from June through early October although effort declines markedly in early September. Mackerel fishing is conducted coastwide via a large array of small boats. A few charter and party boats conduct mackerel fishing trips and a number of commercial fishing vessels, especially lobster boats, derive income from unscheduled mackerel fishing trips. There are no data on these vessels, especially those conducting unscheduled trips, and the operators are seldom Coast Guard licensed to carry passengers for hire. 171 The largest fishery is shore based and almost every accessible wharf, float and pier along the entire coast is used for mackerel fishing through July and August. The majority of these anglers are juveniles and a considerable portion are non-residents. The economic impact of the fishery as a tourist attraction is significant in coastal communities and even drug stores and restaurants sell mackerel fishing tackle. There are no current data on catch, effort or economic impacts of this fishery in Maine. Duel (1977) estimated from a questionnaire study, that the Maine recreational catch of mackerel in 1974 was approximately 591,000 pounds although the standard error of th is estimate was quite large. Baird and Dow (1966) reported that mackerel comprised 12.3% of the species enumerated in creel censuses of Maine marine recreational anglers between 1960 and 1964. The shore based recreational fishery for ma@@kerel also takes harbor pollock and thus the estimation of effort and the assessment of economic impact attributable solely to mackerel cannot be made. This species is managed by the Mid-Atlantic Regional Fisheries Council under the FCMA and better data on the recreational fishery will be required to assess the impact of regional management on the Maine fisheries for mackerel. Winter Flounder; Pseudopleuronectes americanus The winter (or blackback) flounder fishery in Maine is a widespread seasonal activity dominated by resident fishermen. The bulk of the 172 fishery is prosecuted by.an inshore small boat fishery conducted during the summer months. This species is a year-round inshore resident along the coast although the sport fishery.is limited to warm weather months. Bridge and pier fishing for flounder is also widespread. This is primarily a directed fishery since terminal tackle and methods used for flounder do not take many other species except for a few harbor pollock and sculpins. This is a bait fishery and clams, mussels and marine worms are usually collected by the anglers or purchased locally. This fishery accounts for a considerable portion of the small boat rental business conducted at some ports. Baird and Dow (1966) estimated that winter flounder accounted for 8% of the total creel census catch from 1960 through 1964. Intercept surveys are likely to underestimate the magnitude of this fishery since much of it is conducted by a small boat fishery of privately owned vessels with no defined landing sites. There are no current available data on catch or effort for this fishery. Duel (1977) estimated that the recreational catch of winter flounder in Maine for 1974 was in excess of 400,000 pounds. There are no records of party or charter boats that participate in a directed fishery for flounders although some of the smaller day charter vessels (less than six passengers) may occasionally engage in the fishery. This species is also harvested commercially by the groundfish.fleet. There appears to be little potential for recreational- 173 commercial conflicts in resource utilization of this species. There are no adequate data on recreational catch or effort for this species. Tomcod; Microgadus tomcod This inshore gadoid, often known locally as frostfish, supports a modest inshore fishery. They can be taken year round in estuaries and bays and feed readily on bits of clam, mussel or marine worm. The fishery is primarily hook and line and is prosecuted all along the Maine coast. Some tomcod are taken in the smelt fishery, especially in the fall, but there is a directed fishery for them, especially in late fall and early spring. This directed fishery appears to be limited to residents and is usually most active at seasons when marine recreational fishing is minimal. Fishing is entirely for home consumption and few, if any, of these fish are sold. Most coastal areas have a few dedicated local tomcod fishermen for each stream or inlet in the area and the fishery is not publicized. There are no data on catch or effort for this fishery and the stocks appear to be adequate to sustain this level of fishing pressure indefinitely. There are no available data on abundance but, autumn spawning concentrations have been observed by DMR personnel in the Royal and Sheepscot Rivers and are preseumed to occur in other coastal estuaries. This is an inshore species of little current commercial interest in Maine and will not be a priority species for management under the FCMA. 174 DEMERSAL SPECIES: Pollock; PoUachius virens There are two distinct pollock fisheries in Maine. The major one is a mixed fishery for harbor pollock and mackerel that is prosecuted from shore or small boats. Larger pollock are taken by party, charter and private boats fishing off shore. The fishery runs from late May through October although peak fishing activity occurs from June through August. Baird and Dow (1966) reported that pollock ranked third in cumulative abundance in creel censuses conducted annually between 1960 and 1964 and comprised 18.6% of all marine fish species in the survey. Adult pollock are found throughout the Gulf of Maine although the juveniles concentrate in the inshore waters from Cape Cod to the Bay of Fundy and the Maine coast appears to have the only significant fishery for juveniles. Two year old pollock comprise the bulk of the inshore catch. A few larger pollock are taken in May in the inshore fishery. The majority of the fish are taken in bays and harbors by anglers fishing from piers. Data on the pollock fisheries are sparse and must be treated with caution. Duel (1973) reported that the 1970 recreational harvest of pollock in theNorth Atlantic area was 5,584,000 pounds and indicated that 62% of the catch was taken in inshore waters. These data exclude catch by persons under 12 years of age and those who spent less than $7.50 on fishing in the survey year, thus eliminating a significant portion of the participants in the Maine shore-based juvenile fishery. 175 Adult pollock are a major component of the catch in the party and charter boat fishery. Duel (1977) estimated the recreational catch at 208,000 pounds in 1974. No current data are available on catch or effort in this fishery. This species will be managed under the FCMA and data on the recreational fishery will be needed to assess the impact of regional management. Cod; Gadus morhua Cod are the primary species sought by the Maine party boat fishery and are also harvested by a segment of the charter boat fleet. Bromberg (1973) estimated that Maine had 10,056 private recreational fishing boats that fished in the open ocean during the preceding year. This estimate suggests that a large number of privately owned vessels fish for demersal species in Maine waters although there are no estimates of the effort directed towards cod. The fishery is conducted along the entire coast and extends from April through early October. Cod are available inshore during the spring and fall and tend to move offshore and into deeper water in the summer months. The fishery is primarily boat oriented although there is a small shore fishery along the beaches from York to Cape Elizabeth in the early spring and fall. Nicholson and Ruais (1979) reported that the estimated Gulf of Maine charter boat cod catch in 1978 was, 1,277,500 pounds. Cod are managed under the FCMA and data on the recreational fishery will be needed to evaluate the effects of regional management on Maine's 176 recreational fisheries. The hestavailable estimates of recreational harvests suggest that 25% of the total cod landings are taken by recreational fishermen. DMR's cod tagging work during 1978-79 demonstrated a 26% tag return from sport fishermen. Haddock; MeLanograrmus aegZefinus The recreational fishery for this species is essentially described for cod. There is little directed shore fishing activity forhaddock and catches in Maine are negligible. Nicholson and Ruais (1979) reported that the estimated charter boat catch of haddock for the 1978 Gulf of Maine fishery was 109,980 pounds. Total estimated catch for party boats was 501,020 pounds. No recent@data on the Maine private boat fisheries for haddock are available although this fishery was expanding rapidly in the late 60's. The haddock fishery in Maine waters extends from April through November although heaviest activity occurs from June through September and the largest catches are taken in August and September. The fishery is almost entirely boat oriented and is largely a mixed fishery since haddock are taken along with cod and pollock. A portion of the haddock taken by anglers in the private boat fishery are sold locally because of the relatively high prices, paid for this species.. Haddock are managed under the FCMA and data on the Maine recreational fishery should be collected since the only significant recreational fishery for haddock occurs is the Gulf of Maine. 177 Silver Hake; MerZuccius biZinearis This species is abundant in Maine waters during the summer months and is the object of a commercial fishery from July through October. Silver hake exhibit a seasonal spring and fall migration pattern and these movements are especially obvious along the southern Maine coast. The silver hake is taken in the commercial demersal fisheries but is not a major recreational target species, and there is little directed fishing for hake by Maine charter and party boats. The magnitude of the recreational catch is unknown. This species supports a major recreational fishery in mid-Atlantic waters. White Hake; Urophycis t4nuis Red Hake; U. chuss These two hakes are taken in the recreational boat fishery although they are poor fighters. The red hake is commonly taken from Kittery to Boothbay Harbor and the white hake is taken along the entire coast. There are no directed fisheries for these species and they are a small, but consistent, portion of the recreational demersal.fish catch. There are no data on the recreational catch of hakes in Maine and the fishery will probably remain relatively static unless the abundance of the more desirable species such as cod and haddock declines markedly. Red hake provide an extensive recreational fishery.off Long Island and New Jersey in the spring and therefore have the potential for a recrea tional fishery in Maine. Halibut; HippogZossus hippogLossus Halibut are an incidental catch in the party and charter boat fishery but also support a directed private boat fishery in Maine. This is a scarce, though ve ry desirable, groundfish species which appears to be increasing in abundance. The directed fishery starts in May and extends well into the fall. The preferred fishing grounds are the deeper inshore gravel and sand bottom areas. Baird and Dow.(1966) reported that halibut comprised about 5% of the catch in creel censuses between 1960 and 1964. A considerable portion of the larger halibut taken in the fishery are sold although the smaller specimens are taken for home consumption. There are no data on catch or effort in the recreational fis heries and regulation of these fisheries is not necessary at this time. OTHER DEMERSAL SPECIES: Incidental catches of cusk (Broame brosme); wolffish (Anarhichas ZUPUS); ocean pout (Macrozoarces =ericanush dogfish (SquaZus acanthias) and anglers (Lophius americanus) are taken in the recreational demersal fisheries. These are not major species and there are no data on catches for the Maine fisheries. PELAGIC SPECIES: Bluefin Tuna; Thunnus thynnus Bluefin tuna are a desirable species and support a sizable big game 179 fishery in Maine. The fishery extends from June through September although July and August are the peak months. There are three.basic types of fishing in Maine coastal waters: the harpoon fishery, prosecuted by charter and private boats; a handline fishery prosecuted by a few charter boats, private boats and lobstermen; and the rod and reel fishery conducted by charter and private boats. All three fisheries are directed at adult bluefin tuna. Tuna tournaments are important economic attractions in some Maine coastal towns such as Bailey Island and Boothbay Harbor, although participation is declining @because of the decrease in catch in recent years. There is, during some years, a small rod and reel fishery for school bluefins in the York county area. This fishery is usually a ctive near Boon Island and the Isles of Shoals and harvests small numbers of three to five year olds. There are no current data on this fishery and no young tuna have been harvested in this area in recent years. Data on catches of bluefin tuna are collected by NMFS through a permit and catch reporting system. This is a relatively new program and a number of anglers who fish for tuna probably do not have a permit. Data on catch, effort and stock abundance are adequate for management at this time. Bluefish; Pomatoms saLtatrix The bluefish sport fishery in Maine has expanded tremendously since 1972 and is probably one of the more important coastal recreational 180 fisheries at this time. The abundance of bluefish in Maine is quite variable from year to year and population peaks are usually associated with the presence of menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) along the coast. The fishery is most active from late June through September each year and is usually confined to coastal waters west of Penobscot Bay. There is a large private boat fishery for bluefish that extends from Kennebunkport to Boothbay Harbor. The surf fishery is distributed from Rockland to Kittery. Bluefish have 'in part, compensated for the collapse of the striped bass fishery in Maine and lures and tackle for bluefishing are a major retail business for tackle shops and sporting goods stores in western Maine. There is a pronounced distributional relationship between bluefish and mackerel; marked increases in the abundance of bluefish in inshore areas are invariably associated with a decline in mackerel catches. The inshore bluefish and mackerel fisheries frequently exhibit alternating cycles. There are no data on catch and effort for this fishery. Management regulations for this species are not necessary at this time. Blue Shark; Prionace gZauca Porbeagle Shark; Lanm nasus The recreational shark fishery in Maine.has expanded markedly in recent years and is prosecuted by charter and private boats. Blue sharks and porbeagles are commonly taken by charter boats when bluefin tuna are not available and there is a growing directed fishery for 181 sharks. The bulk of the fishery is conducted with rod and reel although some sharks are taken by harpoon from party boats. Catches are frequently sold through local markets although prices paid to the fishermen are comparatively low. Some landings are for home consumption. There are no data on catch and effort in the fishery. No regulatory measures are needed at this time. MISCELLANEOUS FISHERIES: Cunner; TautogoZabrus adspersus Shore fishery concentrated in rocky areas and off jetties and piers. A small fishery, usually limited to juveniles and of little economic significance. Cunner fishing appears to be a tourist attraction in the more popular resort areas. Dogfish; SquaZus acanthias The dogfish is usually considered a pest by party boat and shore fishermen. There is a small directed sport fishery for dogfish in western Maine but it is of little economic importance. Swordfish; Xiphias gZadius No directed fishery although specimens are occasionally harpooned by charter boats and private vessels. Skates; Family Rajidae Skates are an incidental catch in the shore fisheries and are usually considered a nuisance. Some directed fishing for them occurs 182 in York and Cumberland counties. No data available on catches. mummichog; FunduZus heterocLitus This species is used as a sport fishing bait and is seined and trapped in tidal waters all along the coast. Heaviest fishing occurs in the fall when they are collected for bait for freshwater ice fishing. There are approximately 65 commercial bait dealers in the state who selne mununichogs and a large number of sport fishermen seine their own bait. No data are available on the number of participants in this fishery although a minimal estimate would be about 1000 people statewide. No information on abundance of the species or harvest rates although competition in the fall fishery is severe and many tide marsh areas are "fished out" by early November. The number of bait dealers in,the state appears to be declining slowly and management of this fishery is probably not necessary. Atlantic Sturgeon; Acipenser oxyrhynchus Shortnose Sturgeon; A. brevirostrwn Sturgeon are occasionally taken in the striped bass fisher in the y Kennebec and Sheepscot estuaries. -There is no significant directed fishery for sturgeon in Maine. Some data on catch and abundance for the Kennebec River are available. The shortnose sturgeon is an endangered species and the taking of them should be regulated by Maine laws. Atlantic sturgeon do not appear to be overfished at this time. 183 INVERTEBRATES: Softshell Clams; Mya arenaria Recreational digging of softshell clams occurs along the entire coast and is usually confined to those areas open to commercial digging. The majority of the harvest is used for home consumption although some are used for bait and a portion of the recreational harvest is sold commercially. The majority of recreational diggers are limited by local regulations, or their ability to dig, to harvesting less than one bushel per day. Selling of recreational catches is illegal unless the digger is appropriately licensed, but these fishermen are opportunistic and any harvest in excess of their immediate personal needs could be readily sold. There are no adequate catch or effort data in this fishery. Hurst (personal communication) estimates that the recreational clam harvest is approximately 10% of the reported landings. This estimate may be conservative; a survey of Brunswick, Yarmouth and Falmouth, towns which sell recreational clam permits, indicated that 632 (72.6%) of the 870 clam permits issued in 1979 were for recreational digging. Some coastal communities have adequate records on recreational and commercial digging permits although these data have not been collected and summarized. Data are available on the distribution of the resource and there are some estimates of abundance for surveyed harvesting areas. Maine clams exhibit a variety of growth rates and there are no recent adequate 184 data on growth, yield, or ecological relationships which could be used for management. Major problems of the recreational clam fishery are pollution, paralytic shellfish poisoningand public access to harvesting areas. Blue Mussel; Mytilus eduZis The recreational harvesting of blue mussels is a small fishery with a larger proportion of non-resident participants than the clam fishery. No data are available on catch effort or the number of participants. A large number of seasonal residents who own or rent coastal property where mussels are found gather mussels for home consumption at least twice during their stay. E. Mitchell (personal communication) has indicated that recreational harvesting of mussels by seasonal residents has been increasing during the past five years. The major potential problem in management of the recreational fishery for mussels is the danger of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). DMR's PSP monitoring program has been successful in protecting public health in this fishery although the recreational harvesting of mussels is increasing and the monitoring program may have to be expanded. The recreational fishery is not adversely affecting abundance and restrictions on this fishery is not necessary at this time. Most of the mussels eaten in Maine are taken by the recreational fishery and commercial harvesting for sale within the state is relative ly insignificant. 185 .Scallop; PZacopecten mageZZanicus The recreational scallop fishery in Maine is primarily limited to skin and SCUBA divers. The open season extends from November 1 to April 15. Recreational harvesters are unlicensed and have a daily limit of two bushels of whole scallops or four quarts of meats. There is a small boat fishery which employs scallop drags. Water temperature and weather conditions limit fishing effort and most of the scallops are harvested in November, December and April. The recreational fishery is distributed from Casco Bay to Mt. .Desert Island with a few divers in the Kittery area and some harvesting east of Schoodic Point. Casco Bay does not have large populations of scallops although fishery effort is relatively high because of.its proximity to Portland. There are no data on catch or effort in this recreational fishery. The best subjective estimate of the fishery would be approximately 200 divers with an annual harvest of two to four quarts of scallop meats per diver per year. Regulation of the recreational scallop fishery for management purposes is not warranted at this time. Lobster; Homarus americanus This fishery is currently limited to the taking of lobsters by conventional lobster traps. All lobster harvesting requires a license but no distinctions are made between recreational and commercial fishing. This is a fishery in which commercial and recreational 186 harvesting cannot be separated because many of the recreational harvesters sell their catch. Thomas (unpublished data) estimated that 27.7% of the lobster license applicants in 1979 fished fewer than 100 traps. This suggests that roughly 2,327 lobstermen in Maine fished fewer than 100 traps in 1979. There are no data to indicate how many of these lobstermen were primarily motivated by the recreational aspects of the fishery. A--?suming that all lobstermen who fish primarily for home consumption have fewer than 100 traps, the data on commercial catch of lobsters by fishermen having fewer than 100 traps suggest that approximately 20% of the total number of licensed lobstermen do not regularly sell their catch through dealers. Some of these lobstermen may sell a part of their catch to neighbors or friends but fishermen who trap lobsters primarily for home consumption may hold up to 20% of the licenses. issued in 1979 (approximately 1700 fishermen). Inferences about the recreational lobster fishery may be drawn from data collected by the DMR lobster research program but these are probably inadequate for appropriate regulation of the recreational fishery. Bloodworms; GZycera dibranchiata Sandworms; Nereis virens These species ate commercially harvested from Portland to the Canadian border and are sold as a sportfishing bait along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The commercial harvest of bloodworms in Maine 187 decreased by more than 50% between 1975 and 1978, reflecting, in large measure, a decline in demand due to the collapse of the Atlantic coast striped bass stocks (Walton, 1978, unpublished data). Sandworms are used as bait for a number of species and the harvest has not declined dramatically during the same period. There has also been a decline in abundance of bloodworms in1he southern part of the state, especially in the Sheepscot estuary. There is little information on the retail sales of these species to sportfishermen in Maine. Creaser (personal communication) has identified 11 retail dealers who sell marine worms to sport fishermen and party boats in Maine; this list is incomplete and there are a number of retailers that are not listed. Sport fishermen frequently dig their own bait and no license is .necessary for possession of up to 125 worms. This is probably a modest fishery and many anglers, especially in the smelt fishery, purchase worms from local dealers. There are no data on recreational fishery consumption of these species in Maine. It is not necessary to regulate harvesting of worms by sport fishermen since this sue of the resource has no significant effect on commercial abundance. A fishery for "white worms," Nephtys bucera exists in the Scarboro- Wells area and harvests the worms for striped bass fishing. This fishery is unique to Maine and has declined with the decline of the striped bass population although there were as many as a hundred active diggers during the early 60's. No regulation to prevent overfishing is necessary at 188 this time. Surf Clams; SpisuZa soZidissima This is a modest fishery that extends from Boothbay Harbor to Kittery with the greatest level of activity between Scarboro and Kittery. Harvesting is conducted by raking, picking the beach after storms and by harvesting them from surf lines in cold weather. The harvest is entirely for home consumption and has little effect on the stocks. There are probably less.than 200 participants in the fishery each year and regulation is not necessary. Long-Finned Squid; LoZigo peaZei Short-Finned Squid; Mex Mecebrosus Both species occur in Maine coastal waters and are harvested by a small sport fishery. Primary uses are for home consumption and bait. Most squid sold as bait in Maine are purchased from commercial fishermen. The fishery operates from June through September and attracts fewer than 50 fishermen although it is increasing. Catches are small and no regulation of the fishery is desirable or necessary. OTHER INVERTEBRATES: The recreational harvesting of other invertebrate species is opportunistic and probably insignificant. Species involved include: Sea urchins, StrongyLocentrotus droebachiensis; moon snails, Polinices heros; periwinkles, Littorina Littorea; lugworms, ArencoZa Marina; rock 189 crab, Cancer irroratus and Jonah crab, Cancer boreaZis VI. CONCLUSIONS: Public sector demand for recreational fisheries research and management programs will increase during the next decade. The state should allocate funds and manpower, through the Department of Marine Resources, for the preliminary evaluation of some of the marine recreational fisheries of Maine. Priority for these evaluations should be given to species which will be managed under the FCMA (i.e., cod, pollock, mackerel and haddock); species which may be managed jointly with other states (i.e., striped bass, lobster) and those with small or declining populations (i.e., Atlantic salmon, shad, sea-run trouts). There is no adequate data base, at present, for assessing the recreational fisheries for most marine species with the exception of Atlantic salmon and some smelt populations. There are, as a consequence, no means for the evaluation of management plans, strategies and regulations for these species. Marine recreational fishermen participate in a diverse array of fisheries and the collection of data is an expensive and labor intensive task. This is probably the major reason for the scarcity of data on Maine's marine recreational fisheries. The allocation of funds and manpower for the evaluation of some priority fisheries will require decisions on the nature of the data to be collected. Current management planning concepts and, in some cases, allocations to fishermen are founded on comparative economics and 190 traditional social rights to harvest the resource. The ultimate data base for the evaluation of any single or multispecies fishery will, therefore, be a synthesis of biological and economic information. Table C-5 provides a heuristic outline of the array of bioeconomic data requirements and the frequency of collection or compilation which will satisfy most of the projected needs for planning, implementing and monitoring recreational fishery management programs (adapted from Cato et al, 1979). Each species constitutes a special case and specific situations must be considered in planning data collection programs. Most fishery management programs can be conducted with only a portion of the information catalogued in Table C-5 but the entire array has been presented as a general planning guide. 191 Table C-5 Data Requirements for the Development and Monitoring . of Recreational Fishery Management Plans Data Required Frequency 1. Economic Raw Data Base: A. Production Statistics: 1. Catch and landings a. estimates by pounds and species - recreat iona I - commercial Annual and b. size distribution of the fish Monthly - recreational - commercial 2. Effort: a. Boats (charter, party, and private) Annual - number - type - size by width, length, tonnage - classification by motor size - area(s) operated - operator and crew - trip frequency b. other vehicles (auto, snowmobile, ATV) Annual - type - size - number - trip frequency c. Fishermen Annual - number and - frequency of participation Monthly - monthly and annual fishing rate - species - resident - nonresident Correlation of catch, landings and effort Annual 192 Table C-5 (continued) Data Required Frequency B. Market Information - Employment: 1. Number of participants: Annual - wholesalers - retailers - tackleshops - bait dealers - marinas - launching facilities - service facilities - motels, hotels - campgrounds - restaurants - processors (buying recreational catches) - retailers (selling recreational catches) - boat builders - recreational boat sellers. 2. Employment vessel operators, charter Annual skippers, guides C. Market Information - Prices: 1. Fishermen level: (for catches sold) - prices received from wholesalers Annual - prices received from retailers - prices received from consumers Proxy measures for recreational fishing 2. Wholesale level: (goods sold to suppliers of fishermen) - prices received from retailers Annual - prices received from consumers 3. Retail level: - Volume of sales to fishermen 4. Value of.imports and exports: - purchase of fishermens gear from outside state - purchase of fishermens supplies and gear instate 193 Table C-5 (continued) Data Required Frequency 11. Analyzed Data Needs: A. Production: 1. cost and return budget for each major @EverY 5 years fishery by gear type and participant group. 2. industry and firm production and (Annual?) cost functions. B. Consumption and Demand: 1. demand equations by major recreational Every 5 years fisheries (may have to use proxy measures) C. Marketing: 1. Product flow descriptions 5 years 2. Descriptions of marketing and processing 3. Analysis of data base D. Economic Profiles of Fishermen - resident (by fishery) 5 years - nonresident (by fishery) E. Economic impact of user groups: 5 years 194 Baird, F. and R. Dow. References Cited The marine sport fishery and resource in Maine. Dept. Sea and Shore Fisheries, Aug usta, Maine, 1966. Bromberg, K.M. Determination of the number of commercial and recreational boats in the U.S., their use, and selected characteristics, a report to U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, December 28, 1973. Cato, J., H. Nix, M. Orbach and K. Roberts. Economic and social aspects of fisheries management. Technical Report No. 1., South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, 1979. Centaur Management Consultants, Inc. Economic activity associated with marine recreational fishing. Final Report. Prepared for National Marine Fisheries Service, N.O.A.A., Washington, D.C. June 1977. Deuel, D. 1970 salt-water angling survey. Wa. shington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973. Deuel, D. 1975 salt-water angling survey. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977. Flagg, L. The anadromous smelt fishery of Maine. Maine Dept. Marine Resources, Research Bulletin #33. June 1972. Hurst, J. Maine Dept. Marine Resources. Fishery Research Laboratory, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine. October, 1979. McConnell, K.E. and L.E. Nicholson. An economic study of the party boat industry in New England, Report for the New England Fishery Management Council, November, 1978. Mitchell, E. Maine Dept. Marine Resources. Fishery Research Laboratory, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine. September, 1979. 195 Nicholson, L. and R. Ruais. Description of the recreational fisheries for cod, haddock, pollock and silver hake off the northeast coast of the U.S. Report to the New England Fishery Management Council, April, 1979. Otto, R. Design of a creel survey for the striped bass sport fishery along the central Maine coast. MS. Thesis. University of Maine, Orono, June, 1971. Thomas, J. Maine Department of Marine Resources. Fisheries Research Laboratoryi, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine. U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard. @ Boating Statistics (annual report). Walton, C. Maine marine worm marketing survey. Unpublished Report. Maine Dept. Marine Resources. 1978. 3 6668 14101 8491