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prc'Np'-@-ty U'. S - DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOA A COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOHOON AVENUE CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413 INVENTORY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE'S MARINE COASTAL FISHERIES Prepared for The Office of State Planning by NH Fish and Game Department Division of Inland and marine Fisheries John 1. Nelson, Jr., - Project Leader Stephen Perry - Principal Investigator Donald Miller - Fisheries Biologist George Lamb - Fisheries Biologist Funded by U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Coastal Zone Management Coastal Energy Impact Program SH December 1983 222 N4 15 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................ 1 Methods .,. .............................................................. 2 Gill Nets ........... ............................................... 2 Otter Trawls ....................................................... 2 Sample Processing and Data Analysis ................................ 2 Crustacea .......................................................... 5 Results ................................................................. 5 Gill Nets .......................................................... 5 Otter Trawls ....................................................... 8 Crustacea .......................................................... 12 Incidental Invertebrates ........................................... 12 Stomach Analysis ................................................... 19 Discussion .............................................................. 19 Finfish ............................................................ 19 Longhorn Sculpin .............................................. 19 Rainbow Smelt ................................................. 21 Atlantic Herring .............................................. 21 Winter Flounder ............................................... 22 Pollock ....................................................... 23 Atlantic Cod ............................................ ...... 24 Cunner ........................................................ 24 Crustacea .......................................................... 25 American Lobster .............................................. 25 Summary ................................................................. 26 Literature Cited ........................................................ 27 Appendix ................................................................ 29 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Trawl and Gill Net Sampling Locations, October 1982- August 1983 ...................................................... 3 Figure 2 Monthly Mean and Range of Selected Finfish Species Captured by Gill Net, October 1982-August 1983 ........................... Figure 3 Monthly Mean and Range of Selected Finfish Total Lengths (cm) Captured by Gill Net, October 1982-August 1983 ................... 9 Figure 4 Monthly Mean and Range of Selected Finfish Species Captured by Trawl, October 1982-August 1983 ...................... 10 Figure 5 Monthly Mean and Range of Selected Finfish Total Lengths (cm) Captured by Trawl, October 1982-August 1983 ...................... 11 Figure 6 Monthly Mean and Range of Carapace Length (mm) for American Lobster (Homarus americanus), October 1982-August 1983 ........... 14 Figure 7 Length Frequency Distribution of American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Captured, October 1982-August 1983 .......... 15 Figure 8 Length Frequency Distribution of Jonah Crab (Cancer borealis) Captured, October 1982-August 1983 ............................... Figure 9 Stomach Content Analysis of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua), Percent Frequency Wet Weight in Grams, October 1982-July 1983 .... 20 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Coastal Nearshore Fisheries Sampling Schedule, October 1982- August 1983 ..................................................... 4 Table 2 Finfish Species List, October 1982-August 1983 .................. 6 Table 3 Total Monthly Lobster Catch, October 1982-August 1983 ........... 13 Table 4 Incidental Invertebrate Species List and Total Numbers Captured, October 1982-August 1983 ...................... 17 Table 5 Numbers of Decapod and Mysid Crustacea by Month with Mean Carapace Length, October 1982-August 1983 ............. 18 LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1 Metric Conversion Table ............................... 30 Appendix Table 2 Total Number of Finfish Captured in Gill Nets, October 1982-August 1983 ............................... 31 Appendix Table 3 Finfish Captured in Gill Nets, by Station, October 1982-August 1983 ............................... 32 Appendix Table 4 Finfish Captured in Gill Nets, by Depth, October 1982-August 1983 .............................. 33 Appendix Table 5 Total Number of Finfish Captured by Trawling, October 1982-August 1583 .................... 34 Appendix Table 6 Finfish Captured by Trawling, by Station, October 1982-August 1983 .............................. 35 INVENTORY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE'S MARINE COASTAL FISHERIES ABSTRACT This study was conducted to gather information on the seasonal fluctuation, habitat and food sources of the marine fisheries resources of coastal New Hampshire. Monthly sampling consisted of gill netting at four sites and the use of an otter trawl at three sites. of the 23 species captured in the gill nets, pollock, At- lantic cod, cunner and Atlantic herring were the most common. In the trawl 34 species were captured with longhorn sculpin, rainbow smelt, Atlantic herring and winter flounder most pre- valent. Atlantic cod (Gadzzs mo-rhua), stomachs were examined and were found to contain primarily crab, shrimp and fish. A relatively large number of American lobster were captured as a by-product of the two sampling methods. It was found that only 8.4% were of legal size (A 79.4 mm). INTRODUCTION New Hampshire's coastal area, though only 18 miles long, has supported a number of fisheries since colonial times. Jackson (1944) provides several des- criptions of New Hampshire's coastal fisheries conducted in the 17th and 18th centuries. Species mentioned included: cod, haddock, bass, mackerel, herring, pollock, salmon, flounder, lobsters and crabs, among others. In the late 1600's according to Clark (1970), the Isles of Shoals were inhabited by as many as 1500 fishermen, attesting to the importance of the fishery. Historical catch statis- tics for New Hampshire, with records beginning in 1880, show cod, cusk, alewives, haddock, white hake, mackerel and lobster as major fisheries (Lyles, 1965). Limited information is available on the current marine fisheries resources of New Hampshire. The available information (NAI, 1983; TRIGOM-PARC, 1974) is inadequate to properly determine seasonality, condition of the fisheries or develop management plans. Also the presence of New Hampshire's only deep water port, Portsmouth Harbor, with its barge and tanker traffic make these areas vulnerable to contamination by oil and other pollutants. Limited information is available for New Hampshire's coastal areas to mitigate or assess pollution damage. 1 The objective of this project is to develop and implement an inventory pro- gram to provide necessary information on seasonal fluctuation, habitat and food sources of important finfish and shellfish in the inshore waters of New Hampshire. METHODS Two types of sampling methods were used during this program - gill nets and trawls. A description of each technique appears below. Gill Nets Gill nets were used to sample pelagic finfish species inhabiting the near- shore coastal waters of New Hampshire. Horizontal.monofilament gill nets (38 m X 1.8 m)*, consisting of five panels (7.6 m X 1.8 m) of variable square mesh sizes (1.3 cm, 1.9 cm, 3.2 cm, 6.4 cm and 10.2 cm) were set for a 24 hour period, monthly (October, 1982 - August, 1983) at four stations (Table 1 and Figure 1). One net array, consisting of near-surface, mid-depth and near-bottom nets, was set at each station. The three gill nets were attached to lines held vertical in the water column by anchors and buoys, in water depths of approximately 15 m - 18 m. Otter Trawls Trawling was used to sample demersal finfish inhabiting the nearshore coastal waters of New Hampshire. Replicate (2) five minute trawls, using a shrimp try net (12.2 m head rope; 13.7 m foot rope; 3.8 cm square mesh nylon body; 0.3 cm square mesh cod end liner; 0.5 m X 0.9 m oak otter doors), were conducted monthly (October, 1982 - August, 1983) at three stations (Table 1 and Figure 1). Trawls were conducted on bottom in approximately 6 m of water at stations T1 and T2 and on bottom in approximately 27 m of water at T3. Sample Processing and Data Analysis Finfish captured by each method were identified and measured for total length (to the nearest one-half centimeter). The total weight of each species captured was recorded to the nearest gram. Stomachs were removed from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and placed in 10% buffered formalin for laboratory analysis. In the laboratory, stomach contents were separated, identified and the wet weight was determined (to the nearest one-tenth gram) for each taxon present. See Appendix Table I for English conversion. 2 M Ge-r r Is h I a. Portsmouth N ev Castle Is. 40W-hite Isa L I t t I e H b.r Odiornes Pt. Now Hampshire Foss Ledges Rye V G1 Rye Harbor V G4 T1 T3 Ry-e Ledge V G 2 Little Boars Head V Gill Net Trawl Godfrey's Le-dge V G3 Hampton T2 Atlantic Ocean Great Boars Head Figure 1 Trawl and Gill Net Sampling Locations, October 1982 - August 1983 3 Hampton Harbor Table 1. Coastal Nearshore Fisheries Sampling Schedule, October 1982 August 1983. 1982 1983 Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Gill Net Stations Foss Ledge -Gl x x x x x x x x x x x Rye Ledge -G2 x x x x x x x x x x Godfrey's Ledge-G3 x x x x x x x x x x In-Shore -G4 x x x x x x x x x x .b. Trawl Stations Jenness Beach -Tl x x x x x x x x x x x North Beach -T2 x x x x x x x x x x x In-Shore -T3 x x x x x x x x x x x Not sampled due to inclement weather. Selected species were chosen for discussion based on their abundance, value and/or importance. Catch indices were calculated for the selected species and compared for seasonal trends and spatial distribution. Crustacea The American lobster (Homarus arnericanus) and the Jonah crab (Cancer borealis) were captured as a by-product of each sampling method. Lobsters were measured for carapace length (from the rear of the eye socket along a parallel line to the carapace center line to the posterior edge of the carapace) to the nearest millimeter. Jonah crabs were measured laterally at the widest point of the carapace, also to the nearest millimeter. Total weight was taken for each species to the neare st gram. Incidental catches of shrimp and other invertebrates by trawling were pre- served in 10% buffered formalin or frozen. In the laboratory, species were separated and enumerated. Major species were measured using an ocular micro- meter from the rear of the eye socket along a parallet line to the carapace center line to the posterior edge of the carapace. Identifications were aided by Williams (1974) and Gosner (1971). RESULTS Gill Nets During the-sampling period (October, 1982 - August, 1983) twenty-three species of finfish were identified from a total gill net catch of 640 individuals (Table 2 and Appendix Table 2). Maximum catch (191) occurred in October and the inimum catch (3) in February. Species composition was variable during ;:he sampling period. In order of their total abundance, the major species captured were: pollock (Pollachius virens) [145], Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (791, cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) [75], and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) (731 (Appendix Table 2). Pollock, Atlantic cod and cunner were found at all gill net stations with no apparent station differences, while Atlantic herring, though found at all stations, were most abundant at Station Gl (Figure 1 and Appendix Table 3). No significant differences could be determined in catch data between months; however, some generalizations can be made. Atlantic cod and cunner were present all sampling months, except January and February. Atlantic cod were most abundant during the fall while cunner were most prevalent during May. Atlan"_ ic herring were present October through January and in April, but highest abundances occurred during October and November. Pollock, present all sampling months except March, June and July, were most abundant in October (Figure 2). 5 Table 2. Finfish Species List, October 1982 - August 1983 Common Name Scientific Name Gill Net Trawl Spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias x Little skate Raja erinacea x x Winter skate Raja ocellata x Thorny skate Raja radiata x Blueback herring Alosa aestivalis x x Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus x x Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus x Atlantic herring Clupea harengus harengus x x Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli x Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax x x Atlantic cod Gadus morhua x x Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus x Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis x x Pollock Pollachius virens x x Red hake Urophycis chuss x x Spotted hake Urophycis regius x White hake Uz-ophycis tenuis x Ocean pout Macrozoarces americanus x x Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia x Northern pipefish Syngnathus fuscus x Black sea bass Centropristis striata x x Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus x x Rock gunnel Pholis gunnellus x Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas 1upus x x American sand lance Ammodytes americanus x Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus x Northern searobin Prionotus carolinus x Sea raven Hemitripterus americanus x x Grubby myoxocephalus aenaeus x Longhorn sculpin Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus x x Shorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius x x Alligatorfish Aspidophoroides monopterygius x Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus x Seasnail Liparis atlanticus x Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus x Fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus x Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus x Yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea x x Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus x x Total Species 39 23 34 6 26- 25- 25- 24- 24- 23- 23- 22- 22- 21, --Range 21- 20- 20- Mean 19- 18- 17- 18 Range 17- ie- Is- Atlantic Herring 15- Pollock 14- 14- 13- 13- 12- 12- 10- 10- 9- 9- 8- 8- 7- 7-- 6- 6- 5- 5- 4- 4- 3- 3- 2 2 OL + 1 1 OL_ 0 N D i F M A M i J A 1982 1983 0 N D J F M A M J J A 1982 1983 + Indlailles One (1) Individual 10- 10- 9 Cunner 8- Atlantic Cod 7- 7- 6- 5- 5- 4- 3. 4- 3- 2- 2 I-I T Ill -. I. I OJL T -1. 0 N D J F @ @ 4 J J A 0 N. D J' F' M'A J J A 1982 1983 1982 1983 Figure 2 Monthly Mean and Range of Selected Finfish Species Captured by Gill Net, October-1982 - August 1983 7 Catch differential at the various net depths was apparent (Appendix Table 4). Atlantic herring catch in the near-surface nets was 56.2% of the total. Nea r- bottom nets caught 51.9%, 54.5% and 65.3% of Atlantic cod, pollock and cunner, respectively. Total length data for the species discussed above are relatively constant, with no distinctive patterns emerging (Figure 3). Range of total lengths of the selected species indicated that gill nets caught more adults than juveniles. other species captured during the sampling period varied widely in abundance and occurrence (Appendix Table 2). Silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), red hake (Urophycis chuss) and longhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus) were found at all gill net stations. Silver hake and red hake were more abundant during the fall and summer, respectively, while longhorn sculpin were found in low but constant numbers during most months. Otter Trawls Thirty-four species of finfish were captured by otter trawls, from October, 1982 through August, 1983 (Table 2 and Appendix Table 5). Maximum catch (215) occurred in March and the minimum catch (22) was in January. During the sampling period the species composition of the trawl catch varied. The most common species in order of their total abundance were: longhorn sculpin (287), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) [2721, Atlantic herring (171) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)(1611 (Appendix Table 4). Rainbow smelt and winter flounder were present at all trawl stations, but were most abundant at Stations T2 and T3, respectively (Appendix Table 4, and Figure 1). Atlantic herring*, present at Stations Tl and T2, were most abundant at the latter station. Longhorn sculpin were found at Stations T2 and T3, with all but one (1) being captured at Station T3. Longhorn sculpin and winter flounder were found during all sampling months, with peak abundances occuring in Jure and.August, respectively (Figure 4). Rainbow smelt were present October through April, with highest numbers occurring during December. Atlantic herring were present November, December, March and April, but were most common during April. Total length data were fairly consistent, with no apparent seasonal trends (Figure 5). The range of total lengths for longhorn sculpin and winter flounder, indicates the presence of both pre-adults and adults, in the catch at various times of the year. Total length data show only young-of-the-year and juveniles 8 90- 80- Atlantic Cod 70- 60- 50- so E u 40- 40 Cunner 30- E 30- 20- 20- 3E: + + T T 10- lo- 0 o --Range 0 N D J F M M J J A 0 N D J F M A M J J A 1982 1983 1962 1983 Mean 50- Atlantic Herring Range 40- Pollock 40- E 30- E 30- 20- 20 0- 10 0 @O N D J F M A M J J A 0 N D i F M A M J J A 1982 1983 1982 1983 + Indicates One (1) Individual Figure 3 Monthly Mean and Range of Selected Finfish Total Lengths (cm) Captured by Gill Net, October 1982 August 1983 .36- 36- 34- 34- Longhorn Sculpin 32- Range 32- 30- Winter Flounder 30- 28- Mean 28- 26- 26- 24- --L-.Range 24- 22- 22- 20- 20- 18- 18. 16- 16- 14- 14- 12. 12. to- 10. 8- 8- 6- 6- 4 4- 2 2- 01 0- --T- -T. I 0 N D J F A M i J, 0 N i F M A M J J A 1982 1983 1982 1983 36- 128 36- 34- 34- 32- 32- 30- 30- 28- Atlantic Herring 28- 26- 26- 24- 24- Rainbow Smelt 22- 22- 20- 20- Is- 18- 1 GL_ 16- 14- 14- 12-L 12- to- 10- a- 8- 6- 6- 4- 2- 2- 0- -T r--T- 0 0 N D J F M A M i J A 0 N D J F' M A M J J A 1962 1983 1962 1983 Figure 4 Monthly Mean and Range of Selected Finfish Species Captured by Trawl, October 1982 - August 1983 10 40- Longhorn Sculpin 30- Rainbow Smelt E E 20- 20@ 10. 10- o, 01 1 0 N D J F M A M J J A 0 N D J F M A M J A Range 1982 1983 1982 1983 Mean 50- Winter Flounder 50- Range 4q- 40- E 30- 4- E 30- Atlantic Herring 20- 20- 10- 10- 0-. 0- 0 N D J F M A M J J A N D J F M A M J J A 1982 1983 1982 1983 + IndIGat48 One (1) Individual Figure 5 Monthly Mean and Range of Selected Finfish Total Lengths (cm) Captured by Trawl, October 1982 - August 1983 of Atlan tic herring and rainbow smelt present in the catch. The only exception was when adult smelt were captured in February. Other species captured varied in abundance and occurrence (Appendix Table 5). Little skate (Raja erinacea) and windowpane (Scophthalmus aquosus) were present at all trawl stations and were abundant during the warmer months. Crustacea The American lobster (Homarus americanus) and Jonah crab (Cancer borealis) were incidental to the gill net and trawl catch. Two hundred fifty-one lobsters were captured during the sampling period, with 79.3% caught in the otter trawl (Table 3). Lobsters were caught at all gill net and trawl stations, but were most prevalent at G2, G3, Tl and T2 (Figure 1). The sex ratio of lobsters (females:males) varied in the monthly catch, but overall was 1.00:1.16 (Table 3). The mean monthly carapace length for ail lobsters captured was relatively consistent during the sampling period (Figure 6). The most abundant size class captured were those lobsters with a carapace length between 61 - 65 mm, for both females and males (Figure 7). For all lobsters captured 8.4% were legal size (@:79.4 mm). Sixty-one Jonah crabs were captured during the sampling period, with 57.4% caught in trawls. Jonah crabs were present at all gill net stations and all trawl stations, except T3 (Figure 1). The most abundant size class captured were those Jonah crabs with a carapace length between 101 - 105 mm (Figure 8). Incidental Invertebrates The incidental invertebrate catch consisted of crustacea, including: six species of isopods, 14 species of amphipods, two mysid species and nine species of decapods (Table.4). Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, a sea urchin and Ischnochiton ruber, a chiton were also present. The two mysids were present in the highest concentrations, followed by the sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa and Dichelopandalus leptocerus (Table 5). C. septemspinosa,was present in 16 out of 17 samples examined. Ovigerous C. septemspinosa were present in one-half (8) of the samples for less than 5% of their total number. Ovigerous individuals of Dichelopandalus leptocerus were also found but in very low numbers. With the exclusion of C. septemspinosa, the other shrimp species were.primarily present November through January (Table 5). The mysids occurred in most months with highest numbers in.April. Low numbers of brooding Neomysis americana occurred during the study. 1Z Table 3 Total Monthly Lobster Catch, October 1982 - August 1983. 1982 1983 Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Total Females 9 10 1 0 0 1 5 42 13 14 21 116 Males 3 13 1 0 1 0 8 62 12 12 23 135 Total 12 23 2 0 1 1 13 .104 25 26 '44 251 I. 0- 100- 90- 80-@ 70- 60- E E 50- .40- 30- 20- 1,0- 0 0 N D J F M A M' J J A, I 9@-8 2 1983 Minimum Legal Size (79.4mm) + indicates, One (1) Individual Figure 6 Monthly Mean and Range of Carapace Length (mm) for American Lobster (Homarus ameiicanius)'i October 1982 - August 1983 T T T T 14 CA i 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 C) 51-55 (D 56-60 61-65 66-70 frequency (%) 71-75 D) (D 0 76-80 CD F1 :j 31-35 81-85 0 36-40 86-90 41-45 91-95 En Cr rt 46-50 -1 >95 N M 1-4. 51-55 rt 56-60 rt ti H. (D M 0 61-65 0 6q-70 0 M 71-75 76-80 minimum legal size tv ........................... (Dh 81-86 (7 9.4mm) 0 86-90 31-35 D) 0 36-40 00 E N 0 Co 41-45 tr ;@95 i - En m 46-50 rt p a 9; (D Co 51-55 M x En m coo 56-60 rt w Co - 61-65 3 3 66-70 OD w 71-75 76-80 81-85 86-90 91-95 @>95 frequency Ct @r 0 56-60 61-65 rt 0 66--70 rt rt m 0 0 P. b@ 0 71-75 0 0 m C4 LQ 76-80 to 0C: CO) ca 81-85 Cn rt 3 86-90 Ff. -"a I . II . . II r W All 00 :3 w Q 91-95 96-100 101-105 106-110 rt m 111-115 > 115 Table 4 Incidental Invertebrate Species List and Total Numbers Captured October 1982 - August 1983 Arthropoda Total Crustacea Isopoda Chiridotea tuftsi 6 Edotea montosa 54 Edotea triloba 9 Erichsonella filiformis 1 Idotea balthica 72 Idotea phosphorea 3 Amphipoda Aeginina long-tcornas 1 Anonyx lilljeborgi 15 Batea catharinensis, 1 Calliopius laeviusculus 67 Corophium sp. I Gammarus lawrencianus 5 Gammarus oceanicus 36 Ganmarus setosus I Jassa sp. 2 Maera danae 1 Pontogeneia inernus 19 Psammonyx nobilis 7 Rhachotropis sp. 1 Unciola irrorata 2 Mysidacea Mysis mixta 1,547 Neomysis americana 1,716 Decapoda Caridea Crangon septemspinosa 553 Dichelopandalus leptocerus 455 Eualus fabricii 3 Eualus pusiolus 18 Lebbeus groenlandicus 1 Pandalus montagui ill Pandalus propinquus 121 Brachyura Cancer irroratus 5 Echinodermata Hyas araneus 3 Echinoida Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis 33 Mollusca Neoloricata Ischnochiton ruber- 3 17 TABLE 5 Numbers of Decapod and Mysid Crustacea by Month with Mean Carapace Length, October 1982 August 1983. Mean Carapace Total Numbers/Month Length (mm) DECAPODA (Caridea) Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Crangon septemspinosa 0 1 141 95 19 0 197 0 53 0 22 5.69 Broodinq Crangon 0 0 4 2 8 0 10 0 0 0 1 9.09 Dichelopandalus lep@ocerus 7 372 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 6.89 Eualus pusiolus 0 0 4 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.20 Eualus fabricii 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.27 Lebbeus groenlandicus 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.11 00 Pandalus propinguUS 0 0 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.26 Pandalus montagui 0 0 0 80 0 0 0 0 30 0 1 6.07 MY$IDACEA mysis mixta 1 115 130 80 0 0 1,084 0 0 0 137 3.57 Neomysi.s americana 0 0 7 4 0 0 1,703 0 2 0 0 3.21 Table 5 contains the mean size of various decapod and mysid species. No estimates of growth were attempted due to the limited data. Stomach Analysis A total of sixty-one Atlantic cod stomachs were examined and analyzed for content. Fourteen food categories occurred with varying frequency, during the stomach analysis sampling period (October, 1982 - July, 1983)(Figure 9). Insuf- ficient numbers of stomachs were available for examination during February and March. Crab, shrimp and fish constituted the major portion of the stomach contents (Figure 9). Shr imp were found all months, as were crabs except during January. Fish were present in the stomachs October through December, and April through June, Other food categories varied widely in occurrence and abundance. DISCUSSION Finfish A total of thirty-nine finfish species were captured by gill net and otter trawl within the study area. Mean monthly catch, for both sampling methods, was 175.2 + 54.1, with a low of 29 individuals being caught in February and a high in April, of 288 individuals. The catch consisted of demersal, pelagic and anadromous finfish species. A discussion of selected species follows. Longhorn Sculpin.(Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus) The longhorn sculpin is a ubiquitous resident bottom fish, found in the shallow marine and estuarine waters close to the coast (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953; Fefer and Schettig, 1980). Because of its abundance and bottom habitat, it is an important part of the benthic food web (TRIGOM-PARC, 1974). Longhorn sculpins are of limited commercial importance used only as baitfish in the lobster fishery.. Spawning activity occurs from November through February, with chief production in December and January (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Sexual maturity is attained at Age 111 (24.3 cm) (Morrow, 1951). tggs are demersal and adhesive.. Longhorn sculpin ranked number one (333) in abundance and were caught primarily by otter trawl.(86.2%). They were captured all sampling months, with peak trawl abundance occurring in June. Similar observations were made in other Gulf of Maine studies (Howe et al 1981; NAI, 1983). For example, Howe and co- workers (1981) found,-that post-spawning concentrations of longhorn sculpins were a major spring component of trawl catches north of Cape Cod. 19 - 60 Fish - - 0 Squid- -0 -60 Clams - 0 Mussels- -0 -.50 Polychaete- -0 5 0C, 0 Cumaceans - -0 (D E (D: 50 0 Isopod - -0- -.601 10, Q' 0. Amphipod - a 3 0 -.6-0 0 U-. Shrimp -0 F, 0 (D Lobster P* 60 S Crab-- 0 -60 Sea, Cucumber -0 - 60 S t a r f i s h - -0 BritIle Star - - 50 0 so M i s c. -6mmwm@@ .0 .0 N D i F` M" A M'. J J 1982 19:8 3: Figure 9 Stomach Content Analysis of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua), Percent Frequency Wet Weight in Grams, October 1982 --Aug-U-st 1983 *-Insufficient@numbers of stomachs available for examination 20 Longhorn sculpins were evenly distributed at all gill net stations, while 99.6% of the trawl catch was at Station T3. A majority of longhorn sculpins were caught near-bottom which is consistent with their domersal habits. The longhorn sculpin catch consisted of both sexually mature and immature indivi- duals. Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordaz) Rainbow smelt are a pelagic species which inhabit estuarine and inshore coastal waters (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Smelt are important both commer- cially and recreationally. They are an anadromous species, ascending rivers and tributaries in the spring to spawn. Both males and females mature at Age II III. Fertile eggs are de'mersal and adhesive (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Spent fish drop back to brackish or salt water immediately after spawning (Hildebrand, 1963). Rainbow smelt were second (287) in abundance, with 94.8% being caught by otter trawl. Rainbow smelt were caught October through April, with the highest number occurring in December. NAI (1983) found similar results in their study nd New Hampshire Fish and Game (1981 and 1982) found rainbow smelt were second in abundance in.catch totals in the Great Bay estuarine system, which serves as an important nursery ground. Rainbow,smelt were caught at all gill net stations, except G4. Station T2 accounted for 62.0% of the smelt caught in the trawl. Gill net catches showed rainbow smelt,were well distributed throughout the water column. Both sexually mature and immature individuals were present in the samples, although young-of- the-year ( <10 cm) dominated the trawl catch. Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) Atlantic herring are a pelagic, schooling species found essentially off- shore in deep water, but with some of the population moving shoreward during the spawning season (Hildebrand, 1963). The activity of Atlantic herring is controlled largely by water temperature (active between 4.40 - 6.10C) (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Fefer and Schettig (1980) report that Atlantic.herring are the most important commercial finfish in Maine waters and Hildebrand (1963) suggest that they may be the most economically important fish in the world. They are used as food (fresh, salted or smoked), as fish meal and the juveniles support the sardine industry.. Atlantic-herring are also an important forage species.. 21, Spawning activity is year-round in the coastal Gulf of Maine, but with peak activity in September and October (Mansueti and Hardy, 1967). On the coast of Maine, some individuals reach sexual maturity at Age-III - IV (23.5 cm), but they usually do not spawn until Age V - VI (25.0 - 26.2 cm)(Hildebrand, 1963). After reaching sexual maturity they spawn annually on rocky, pebbly or gravel bottom, in 4 - 55 m depths. Eggs are demersal and attach by a coating of mucus, in layers or clumps (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Atlantic herring were the third (244) most abundant species, with 70.1% being captured by otter trawl. Atlantic herring were present in the catch October through January, and March and April. Peak abundances occurred during October and November in the gill net, and April in the otter trawl. Atlantic herring were found at trawl stations T1 and T2, with 97.1% captured at the latter. They were found at all gill net stations, although 74.0% were caught at station Gl. Atlantic herring were caught at all gill net depths, with a majority (56.2%) captured in the near-surface net. NAI (1983) reported Atlantic herring comprised 63% of their gill net catch. Herring were reported being present most months, but having peak abundance during November and December. A majority of Atlantic herring were caught in their near-surface gill net. Howe and co- workers (1981) found Atlantic herring were a common component of their spring catches north of Cape-Cod. Their autumn survey catch was insignificant because it preceded the inshore arrival of Atlantic herring stocks. In this survey, adult Atlantic herring were present in.the gill net catch October, November and April, while pre-adults (@C23.0 cm) were present October through January and. April; only juveniles.(< 11.0 cm) were present in the trawl catch. Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) Winter flounder, a.major inshore groundfish, is.the most common shoal water flounder in the Gulf of Maine (Bigelow and Schroe der, 1953 and TRIGOM-PARC, 1974). They exhibit a wide tolerance of temperature and salinity, and are found from inland estuaries to,Georges Bank. Winter flounder are an important commer- cial and sport fish. In 1977 in Maine, winter flounder ranked fifth in pounds landed and third in dollar value (Lewis, 1979). Winter flounder are a resident species that occur in discrete local popu- lations which exhibit slight seasonal movements (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Adults leave shoal areas when the water temperature is greater than 150C, they move to cooler waters offshore and return inshore in the fall. 22 In Maine, spawning occurs in late March and April,. in shoal waters 2-5 m in depth (Bigelow.and Schroeder, 1953; TRIGOM-PARC,.1974; Briggs, 1978). Winter flounder are sexually mature at Age III, with adhesive, demersal eggs. Winter flounder ranked fourth (170) in abundance, with 94.7% being captured in the otter trawl. They were present in the catch all sampling months, with peak abundance occurring in August. Both pre-adults (4 20.0 cm) and adults were captured most months. Winter flounder were well distributed, occurring at all gill net and otter trawl stations. A majo rity of the winter flounder catch was near-bottom, which is consistent with its demersal habits. In the Massachusetts coastal region, winter flounder were consistently the dominant inshore demersal fish in the spring (Howe et al, 1981) NAI (1983) found that winter flounder w ere present in their trawl catch year-round, with peak numbers occurring in December. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department (1981 and 1982) found winter flounder a dominant component of the catch in the Great Bay estuary. They were present year-round, with maximum numbers occurring during the.warmer months. Pollock (Pollachius virens) Pollock are cool-water fish, found throughout the water column to depths of 73 m (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953; Briggs, 1980). They are year-round resi- dents, with populations moving inshore in the spring and offshore in the fall and winter. Pollock are an important commercial fishery, ranked.third in pounds landed and fifth in dollar value, in Maine during 1977 (Lewis,. 1979). They also provide a recreational fishery (Bigelow,and Schroeder, 1953; Brownell, 1977; Fefer and Schettig, 1980). Pollock spawn in late autumn and early winter, as water temperatures decline (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Spawning seems to be restricted to the Massachusetts Bay region and.between Cape Ann and the Isles of Shoals,(Steele,, 1963). Pollock mature sexually at Age-IV to VII (50.0 -.70.G cm)'' and eggs are buoyant. one hundred and fifty-two (152) pollock were captured placing them fifth in abundance, with 95.4% captured by gill net. They are present in the catch.most sampling months, but were at peak abundance during October.. NAI (1983) found pollock presentin their catch year-round, with highest numbers occurring October through December. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department (1981) found the highest abundance of pollock in Great Bay estuary was during the fall months. Pollockwere found at all gill net and trawl stations. They were found at all depths, but.a majority were caught near-bottom. The NAI-(1983) study reported 23 similar results. Howe et al (1981) reported Age 1 (16.0 - 27.0 cm) pollock were predominant. in their catch, with some Age 0 (3-0 - 7.0 cm) and Age 11(30.0 39.0 cm) present. These results are similar to what was found during this study. Pollock caught by gill net had total lengths between 16.0 cm and 41.0 cm, while the total lengths of pollock captured by otter trawl were between 2.6 cm and 3.4 cm. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department (1982) found juvenile pollock <10.0 cm) abundant at coastal seine stations, in the spring months. Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Atlantic cod are demersal, year-round residents in the Gulf of. Maine (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). They range from the surface down to 450 meters. Adult cod prefer a temperature range of 00 - 12.8*C. Cod are important commercially as well-as recreationally (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953; Jensen 1968; Fefer and Schettig, 1980). Lewis (1979) reported Atlantic cod ranked fourth in pounds landed and dollar value, in Maine in 1977. Spawning occurs at small, regular, well-defined areas (TRIGOM-PARC, 1974). According to Bigelow and Schroeder (1953), the most important spawning area of the inner Gulf of Maine extends from a fewmiles south of the Isles of Shoals to the Merrimack River, between 9.0 46.0 m in depth. Cod spawn during the winter, with most becoming sexually mature at Age V to Age V-1. Atlantic cod ranked sixth (119) in abundance, with 66.4% caught in gill nets., They were present during all sampling months. Gill nets caught the high- est number of cod in the fall, while peak otter trawl catches occurred in,March and August. NAI (1983) show similar results for both their-gill net and trawl catch. Atlantic cod were captured at all gill net and trawl stations, with 87.5% of the trawl catch at station T3. Atlantic cod.were caught throughout the water@column, but a majority were taken near-bottom.. This is consistent with their@demersal habitat. Adult Atlantic cod were captured during all sampling months, while pre-adults ( <37.0 cm) were caught in most months. Juveniles (< 5.0 cm) were captured by trawl January through June and August. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department (1981 and 1982) found juvenile Atlantic cod present in the,Great.Bay estuary March through May. Cunner (Tautogolabrus adsperus) Cunner are non-schooling, demersal, inshore fish, inhabiting rocky bottoms (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953; TRIGOM-PARC, 1974; Briggs,- 1978). They are found to depths of 73 m.. Bigelow and.Schroeder (1953) report a historical commercial. fisheries for-cunner, but.they are no,longer commercially important. They do 24 have some importance as a sport fish, but because of their abundance, they are important components of the demersal community. Cunner mature at Age II, and spawn inshore from late spring to early summer. Eggs are buoyant. Cunner ranked seventh (81) in abundance, with 92.6% being caught by gill net. They were present in the catch October through December and March through August, with peak abundance occurring in May. The absence of the cunner during the winter months could be associated with a winter lethargic condition reported by Green and Farwell (1971). They found.cunners retired to rocky crevices or muddy areas when the water temperature fell below 50C. NAI (1983) reported similar results. Cunner were found at all gill net stations and at trawl stations T2 and T3, with 83% of the trawl catch coming at the latter-station. They were encountered throughout the water column although the majority were caught near- bottom. Adults were present all months except January and February. One juvenile (3.0 cm) cunner was captured by trawl,in August. Crustacea American Lobster (Homarus americanus) The American lobster is found along the east coast of North America, from Labrador to North Carolina, being most abundant from Nova Scotia to New York (Herrick, 1911). The@major population centers are located within the Gulf of Maine and in the New Brunswick and Nova Scotian coastal waters (Cooper and Uzmann, 1977). American lobster occur from intertidal depths to the edge of the Continental Shelf (Gosner, 1971). Two major populations of American lobster exist, described as inshore and offshore. The inshore lobster occur within a 50 km wide band of-coastal water, offshore lobster are outside of this range (Cooper and Uzmann, 1977). Brownell (1977) reported that the American lobster has been the mainstay of New Hampshire's commercial fisheries for many years., New Hamp- shire Fish and Game Department (1983) estimated that 1982 landed lobster value equaled.2.8 million-dollars. Total landings (combined total.of annual reports and monthly recor&of catch data) in New Hampshire in 1982 was 743,311 pounds, 1% of which were recreational landings. American' lobster breed during.the summer months (Phillips and Cobb, 1980). Mating must occur shortly after the female molts, during a soft-shelled condition Females usually spawn only every other year. The eggs are carried 10-11 months, cemented.to,the pleopods under the tail of the female. 25 The size at which sexual maturity is attained varies greatly with geographic location. Spurr (1974) found that in New Hampshire coastal waters, the minimum size at which female lobsters sexually matured was 74 mm carapace length (CL), although this was a low percentage of occurrence. The ratio of female lobsters to male lobsters captured during this survey .was found to be 1.00:1.16. This sex ratio is similar to those found in various other studies (Drouse, 1973: Spurr, 1974; Pecci et al., 1978; Howe et al., 1981; NAI,.1983).. The most abundant size class encountered was 61-65 mm whereas Spurr (1974) found the 71-75 mm CL size class most prevalent. The percentage of sublegal (4 79.4,mm) lobsters has risen since the 84.2% reported by Spurr (1974) to 89.8% by NAI (1983) and 91.6% in this study. SUMMARY Pollock, Atlantic cod, cunner and Atlantic herring were the most common of the 23 species captured in gill nets* Longhorn sculpin, rainbow smelt, Atlantic herring and winter flounder were most prevalent in trawls. Species such as longhorn sculpin, Atlantic cod, cunner, winter flounder and Pollock were generally found year-round throughout the sampling area. Young-of- the-year and juvenile rainbow smelt were present October through April with the highest abundance occurring during December. Atlantic herring also.occurred as young-of-the-year or juveniles in trawls and as adults in the gill nets.. These were captured in cooler months with highest abundance in April. A depth differential was evident in the gill net catch. Atlantic herring were captured primarily in near surface nets while near bottom nets caught the larger'number of Atlantic cod, Pollock and cunner. Stomach analysis of cod indicated crab, shrimp and fish constituted,the major-portion of their diet.. Other categories such as squid, small crustacea, lobster@and polychaetes were also present. Of the incidental catch of lobster, 8.4% were legal.size (79.4 mm) and the sex ratio was 1.00:1.16 females:males. The most abundant size class was 61-65 mm-(CL) for both male and females. The study results indicate a diverse nearshore fishery. The area is utilized by juvenile fish and crustacea as well as adults-.of the same species. Adults of migrants were also evident. Further study is recommended to investigate habitat for juveniles and the relationship of the nearshore fishery to offshore fisheries'.' 26 LITERATURE CITED Bigelow, H.B. and W.G. Schroeder. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. 53:577 pp. Briggs, P.T. 1978. Marine Resources of the Atlantic Coast. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. Leaflet Number 20. Brownell, W. 1977. New Hampshire's Fishing Industry. A summary report. Univer- sity of New Hampshire Marine Advisory Program. Report No. UNH-SG-AB-108. 21 pp. Cooper, R.A..and J.R. Uzmann. 1977. Ecology of juvenile and adult.clawed lobsters, Homarus americanus, Homarus gammarus, and Nephrops norvegicus. Circ.-CSIRO, Div. Fish. Oceanoqr. (Aust.) 7, 187-208. Fefer, S.I. and P.A. Schettig. 1980. An ecological characterization of coastal Maine. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Corner, Massachsuetts. 6 volumes. Gosner, K.L. 1971. Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates (Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy). Wiley and Sons, Inc. New.York, New York. 693 pp.. Green, J.M. and,M. Farwell. 1971. Winter.habits of the cunner'Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum, 1972) in Newfoundland.. Canadian J. Zool, 49(12):1497- 1499. Herrick, F.H. 1911. Natural history of the,American lobster. Bul. U.S. Bur. Fish. 29, 149-408. Hildebrand, S.F., 1963. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res. I. Part 3. Howe, A.B., FJ. Germano. J.L. Buckley, D. Jimenez and B.T. Estrella. 1981. Coastwide Fishery Resource-Assessment. Massachusetts Div. of Marine Fish- eries. Annual Report. 32 pp. Krouse, J.S., 1973'. maturity, sex ratio and size composition of the natural popu- lation of American lobster, Homarus americanus, along,the coast of Maine. Fish. Bul. 71, 165-173. Lewis, R. 1979, An analysis of Maine landings- Research Reference Document 79/16. Maine Department of Marine Resources, Hallowell, ME. Lyles, C.H. 1965.. Fishery-Statistics of the United States. Statistical Digest 59. U.S. Department of Interior,, Washington, D.C. 756 pp. Mansueti, A.J. and J.D.. Hardy, Jr., 1967. Development of fishes-of.the Chesapeake Bay region. An atlas of egg, larval and juvenile stages. Part I. Univ. Md. Nat. Resour. Inst.. 202 pp. 27; McRae, E.D. 1960. Lobster explorations on continental shelf and slope off northeast coast of the United States. Comm. Fish. Rev. 22, 1-7. Morrow, J.E., Jr., 1951. Studies on the resources of southern New England. VIII. The biology of the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octbdecemspinosu@,(Mitchell) with discussion of the southern New England "trash" fishery. Bull. Bing. Oceangr. Coll. Vol. XIII. 89 pp. Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1983. Seabrook Environmental Studies. Tech. Report XIV-1. 1982 data report for Public Service Company of New Hampshire. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. 1981. Inventory of the Natural Resources of Great Bay Estuarine System. Vol. 1. 254 pp. 1982. An Investigation of Commercially Important Fisheries in New Hampshire Coastal Estuarine Waters. Final Report. 16 pp. 1983. Statistical data acquisition pro- grams. Pages 63-66. In: Division of Inland and Marine Fisheries 1982 Annual Report. 114 pp. Pecci, K.H., R.A. Cooper, C.D. Newell, R.A. Clifford and R.J. Smolowitz. 1978. Ghost fishing of vented and nonvented traps. Mar. Fish. Rev. 40(5), 9-43. Phillips, B.F., J.S. Cobb and R.W. George. 1980. The biology and management of lobsters. Academic Press, Inc., New'York, New York. Vol. 1. 47-56. Spurr, E.W. 1974. Investigation of American lobsters (Homarus americanus) in New Hampshire coastal waters. New Hampshire Fish and.Game Department. Project No. 3-155P. 34 pp. Steele, D.H. 1963. Pollock (Pollachius virens) in the Bay of Fundy. J.. Fish. Res. Bd., Canad. 20:1267-1314. TRIGOM-PARC. 1974. A socio-economic and environmental inventory of the North Atlantic Region. Volume I.. The Research Institute of the Gulf of Maine, South Portland, Maine. Williams, A.B. 1974. Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Crustacea: Decapods NOAA Tech. Dept. NMFS CIRC-389. 50 pp. 28 APPENDIX 29: Appendix Table 1 Metric Conversion Table Length one millimeter (mm) = 0.04 inch one centimeter (cm) = 0.39 inch one meter (m) = 3.28 feet Temperature Conversion - OC to OF Temp. 0C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 32.0 33.8 35.6 37.4 39.2 41.0 42.8 44.6 46.4 48.2 10 50.0 51.8 53.6 55A 57.2 59.0 60.8 62.6 64.4 66.2 20 68.0 69.8 71.6 73.4 75.2 77.0 78.8 80.6 82.4 84.2 30 86-0 87.8 89.6 91.4 93.2 95.o 96.8 98.6 100.4 102.2 30 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Appendix Table 2 Total Number of Finfish Captured in Gill Nets, October 1982 August 1983. Species 1982 1983 Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Total Spiny dogfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 Little skate 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 7 RiVer herring 15 0 0 0 b 8 2 1 0 0 28 Atlantic menhaden 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Atlantic herring 31 30 2 2 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 73 Rainbow smelt 0 0 9 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 15 Atlantic cod 13 13 9 0 0 2 20 5 8 6 3 79 Silver hake 17 12 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 7 0 38 Pollock 95 3 14 1 1 0 19 10 0 0 2 145 Red hake 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 8 17 24 52 Ocean pout 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 Black sea bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 Cunner 12 2 1 0 0 1 8 24 13 6 8 75 Atlantic wolffish 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Atlantic mackerel 10 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 0 22 Sea raven 3 1 2 0 1 1 5 2 0 1 1 17 Longhorn sculpin 6 4 8 0 0 2 4 5 6 9 2 46 Shorthorn sculpin .0 0 8 0 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 14 Lumpfish 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Summer flounder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Yellowtail flounder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Winter flounder 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 2 1 9 Total catch 191 83 54 7 3 14 73 55 48 58 54 640 Number of species 11 10 9 4 3 8 8 11 8 14 9 22 Stations G2, G3, and G4 were not sampled. Appendix Table 3 Finfish Captured in Gill Nets, by Station, October 1982 August 1983. Species Gi G2 G3 G4 Spiny dogfish 3 6 1 0 Little skate 0 1 4 2 River herring 20 3 2 3 Atlantic menhaden 0 1 o- 0 Atlantic herring 54 il 4 4 Rainbow smelt 7 6 2- 0 Atlantic cod 23 24 18 14 Silver hake 9 8 14 7 Pollock 32 43 57 13 Red hake 21 6 14 11 Ocean pout 0 2 0 1 Black sea bass 0 1 1 0 Cunner 30 19 10 16 Atlantic wolffish 1 0 0 0 Atlantic mackerel 3 4 3 12 Sea raven 3 9 2 3 Longhorn sculpin 12 6 12 16 Shorthorn sculpin 6 7 0 1 Lumpfish 0 0 0 1 Summer flounder 0 0 0 1 Yellow flounder 0 0 0 1 Winter flounder. 3 1 2- 3 Totals 227 158 14& 109 Number of species 15 18 15 17 32' Appendix Table 4 Finfish Captured in Gill Nets, by Depth, October 1982 August 1983. Species Near- Mid- Near- Surface Depth Bottom Spiny dogfish 3 1 6 Little skate 1 1 5 River herring 7 4 17 Atlantic menhaden 1 0 0 Atlantic herring 41 22 10 Rainbow smelt 6 6 3 Atlantic cod 9 29 41 Silver hake 18 10 10 Pollock 10 56 79 Red hake 4 11 37 Ocean pout 0 1 2 Black.sea bass 1 0 1 Cunner 8 18 49 Atlantic wolffish 0 0 1 Atlantic mackerel 17 5 0 Sea raven 2 4 11 Longhorn sculpin 9 14 23 Shorthorn sculpin 2 5 7 Lumpfish 1 0 0 Summer flounder 0 0 1 Yellowtail flounder 0 0 1 Winter flounder 1 1 7 Totals 141 188 311 Number of species :16 19 33 Appendix Table 5 Total Number of Finfish Captured by Trawling, October 1982 - August 1983. 1982 1983 Species Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan, Feb. Mar. Apr., May June July Aug. Totals Little skate 9 3 1 0 7 0 5 12 16 5 10 68 winter skate 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 8 14 8 8 43 Thorny skate 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 3 River herring 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 Atlantic herring 0 22 12 0 0 1 136 0 0 0 0 171 Bay anchovy 1 1 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Rainbow smelt 5 59 149 2 49 4 4 0 0 0 0 272 Atl.antic cod 2 0 0 3 8 10 4 1 3 0 9 40 Haddock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Silver hake 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 Pollock 1 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 7 Red hake 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 2 25 Spotted hake 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 White hake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 6 ocean pout 0 0 0 6 1 5 5 5 a 1 5 36 Atlantic silverside 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Irs Northern pipefish 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Black sea bass 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Cunner 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 6 Rock gunnel 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 Atlantic wolffish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 0 0 1 American sand lance 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Northern searobin 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Sea raven 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 13 Grubby 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Longhorn sculpin 22 22 2 6 28 32 25 23 68 27 32 287 Shorthorn sculpin 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Alligatorfish 0 0 1 1 5 4 4 4 1 0 0 20 Seasnail 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Fourspot flounder 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Windowpane 5 1 0 0 0 0 5, 17 15 12 12 67 Yellowtail flounder 2 5 2 0 3 1 3 1 5 4 6 32 Winter flounder 19 13 6 2 1 1 10 17 22 30 40 161 Total Catch 81 134 182 22 104 65 215 91 159 104 130 1,287 Number of species 15 12 10 8 10 11 16 10 13 11 13 33 Appendix Table 6 Finfish Captured by Trawling, by Station, October 1982 August 1983. Species Tl T2 T3 Little skate 21 28 19 Winter skate 22 19 2 Thorny skate 0 0 3 River herring 0 3 0 Atlantic herring 5 166 0 Bay anchovy 1 1 0 Rainbow smelt 45 178 49 Atlantic cod 1 4 35 Haddock 0 0 1 Silver hake 0 1 2 Pollock 2 4 1 Red-hake 3 2 20 Spotted hake 0 1 0 White hake 3 3 0 Ocean pout 2 0 34 Atlantic silverside 2 5 0 Northern pipefish 1 1. 0 Black sea bass 0 0 1 Cunner 0 1 5 Rock.gunnel 0 2 0 Atlantic wolffish 0 0 1 American sand lance 1 0 0 Northern searobin 0 0 1 Sea raven 0 1 12 Grubby 1 0 0 Longhorn sculpin 0 1 286 Shortho rn sculpin 2 0 0 Alligatorfish 0 0 20 Seasnail 1 0 0 Fourspot flounder 0 0 1 Windowpane 36 22 9 'Yellowtail flounder 2 2 28 Winter,flounder 41 40 80 Totals 192 485 610 Number of species 19 21. 21, 35 @@ 11191111111111111111111111111 @t, 36668 AMMMMW-