Fishway passages

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

FISHWAY PASSAGES

SEPTEMBER, 1983

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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
1923
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & PHYSICAL SCIENCES.,
University of New Hampshire

FISHWAY PASSAGES

SEPTEMBER, 1983

SUBMITTED BY

CHARLES H. GOODSPEED
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

CHRISTINE G. GOODSPEED
SUMMER INTERN
UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

DOUGLAS MELLIN
EXETER TOWN PLANNER

The preparation of this report was financed in part by the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, administered by the Office
of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and the New Hampshire Office of State Planning.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Part 1 Fishway Passages

1.0 History

2.0 Fish Properties

2.1 Swimming Speed
2.2 Flow Velocity
2.3 Temperatures
2.4 Light Intensity
2.5 Oxydation and Ph

3.0 Fishway Design

3.1 Denil Fishway
3.2 Retention Pools
3.3 Fish Ladder
3.4 Dam and Gates

4.0 Fish Migration

5.0 Fishway Cost Estimates

Part 2 Application for Exemption

LIST OF TABLES

Part 1 Fishway Passages

Tables

1 - Liberation of Primary Fish in New Hampshire Streams
2 - Temperature
3 - Summary of Pertinent Project Data
4 - Proposed Fish Passage Facilities Design Parameters
5 - Migration

Drawing

Prototype of Denil Fishway Passageway

Part 2 - Application for Exemption

Drawings

1 - Exeter River Dam with Penstock
2 - Pickpocket Dam with Penstock

INTRODUCTION

This project investigated the existing and potential usage

of the Denil Fishway on New Hampshire rivers and streams and

developed for the Town of Exeter a FERC Exemption Package on two

sites along the Exeter River. Part 1 of this report identifies

those characteristics of the Denil Fishway perteinent for a

passageway installation at a hydropower generating site. The

data is presented to be used as an aid for perspective

hydropower developers. The information can serve as reference

material for preliminary hydropower feasibility studies. The

information also serves to acquaint a developer with the

ecological parameters associated with the migration of fish up

New Hampshire rivers and streams. To assist a developer in

laying out a hydropower generating site details of a typical

Denil Fishway are shown on a construction drawing.

The second part of this report is a FERC Exemption Package

with supporting drawings. A Denil Fishway passage is installed

at each of the two sites covered by the Exemption. The poor

performance of the Denil Fishway at the Exeter Dam stimulated

the interest in this study. Personnel at the Federal Fish and

Game Department will assist the Town of Exeter's engineers in

determining the final design details of the interface between

the selected hydropower hardware and the passageway intake.

Final design of the hardware will not be determined until a

developer has been selected. The Town of Exeter can proceed in

the development of the two sites by submitting the Exemption

Package to FERC.

PART 1

DENIL FISHWAY PASSAGEWAYS

FISHWAY PASSAGES

Hydropower has recently become a rapidly growing source of

energy in the New Hampshire area. Hydropower is not new to the

area, the recent interest, is in the renovation of sites that

were abondoned 20 and 30 years ago. Dams were first introduced

in many New Hampshire rivers in the early 1700s which terminated

the migration of fish. The State and Federal Fish and Game

Departments are using this renovation period to return migratory

fish to selected rivers and streams. The State Fish and Game

Department has designated in the past 15 years certain rivers

and streams in New Hampshire for the migration of fish. They

have also selected the Denil Fishway passage for use at all low

head hydopower sites. The Denil fishway is an inclined concrete

passageway which attracts fish by it's discharge of water. The

fishways are designed to allow selected fish to migrate upstream

to spawn. New Hampshire presently has many active fishways

along four major river basins. There are many parameters

associated with the design of the Fishway to meet site

requirements. Fish and Game Department personnal assist

hydropower developers in determining final design parameters.

The purpose of this report is to familiarize a low-head hydro

developer with the Denil Fishway passage and to give cost

estimates which can be used for preliminary economic studies.

1.0 HISTORY

There are twenty-two fishways along the New Hampshires lakes

and streams. The map developed by the U.S. Fish and Game

Dep artment shows the locations of these fishways as well as which

species of anadromous fish pass through each fishway. To

introduce fish back into the rivers the New Hampshire Fish and

Game Department runs eight hatchery and rearing stations which,

with the aid of federal hatcheries in Massachusetts and a state

hatchery in Maine, stock N.H. lakes and streams with trout and

salmon. The Fish and Game's 1981 annual report gives a detailed

list of fish stocked by county. The Brook, Rainbow, and Brown

trout as well as the Land-locked and Coho salmon make up the

largest percent of fish stocked in N.H. (see Table 1).

2.0 FISH PARAMETERS

The major purpose of a fishway is to assure the passage of

fish up river to spawn. Therefore it is relevant to design a

fish ladder applicable to the needs of the fish using it. By

varying degrees, fish are sensitive to changes within their

environment. Changes in the velocity, temperature, light

intensity, depth, contamination, oxygen levels, sound, and water

pressure can affect fish behavior and in turn can affect the

success of a fish ladder. Thus it is important that a fishway be

properly designed.

2.1 SWIMING SPEEDS

The swimming speeds of fish must be considered when

developing fishways, as fish must be able to adapt to water

velocities incurred by a dam and it's fishway. Fish swim at

three primary speeds; cruising, sustained, and darting speeds.

Cruising speed can be maintained for long periods of time, and is

used in the migration process, while sustained speeds can only be

maintained for several minutes, and used when passages may be

difficult, sometimes due to turbulent waters. Darting speed

refers to a single effort used mainly for capturing food and as a

means for escape. Swimming speeds can change with the oxygen

level and temperature of the water.

TABLE 1

LIBERATION OF PRIMARY FISH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE STREAMS

Rainbow Brown Brook Coho Atlantic Chinook
County Trout Trout Trout Salmon Salmon Salmon

Belnap 6,500 2,700 21,340
Carroll 181462 2,000 342250
Chesire 3,950 5,300 12,905
Coos 521250 142450 153,525
Grafton 181292 6,800 75,595 35,000
Hillsboro 211100 10,200 64,545
Merrimack 221000 9,400 37,240
Rockingham 29,700 8,200 37,105 266,537 97,957
Strafford 5,400 500 187850
Sullivan 8,750 47100 18,525

- ---------

TOTAL 1862404 63,650 473,880 266,537 35,000 97,957

2.2 FLOW VELOCITY

Fish are very sensitive to changes in water velocities. Most

fish by instinct travel upstream in the river's strongest

current, as calmer water hints to a divergence from the main

course of the river leading upstream. Thus the water emitted

from the mouth of the fish ladder must be strong enough to lure

fish into the ladder. A significant change in velocity may

effect the efficiency of the fishway passage. Fish traveling at

one velocity may refuse to enter water whose velocity differs

from theirs, whether it be faster or slower. It is therefore

important to make velocity transitions smooth, to prevent fish

from refusing to enter areas of fast moving water. Some adult

fish seek higher velocities where obstructions are present (if

the water velocity is below darting speed). The water velocity in

any fishway passage must be kept well below darting speeds to

allow successful fish passage.

2.3 TEMPERATURE

Temperature changes due to man-made obstructions can also

affect fish migration. Adult fish may either stop migrating or

die if subjected to extreme temperatures. Fish have a certain

level of tolerance in which they can survive. A substantial

deviation from this tolerance can lead to death. There is

presently no evidence as to whether fish avoid warmer or colder

water which is within their tolerance range. Thereis evidence

that fish do avoid high temperature areas which approach their

tolerance level. Fish which are exposed to high temperatures

within their tolerance level for long periods of time may move to

higher temperatures more willingly than fish which are exposed to

cooler temperatures for a long period of time. This form of

conditioning may be useful when fish ladders are designed. Table

2 shows the upper, lower and preferred tolerance levels of

various fish.

Table 2 Temperature

Minimum Optimum
Lower Upper Dissovl. Ph
Fish Preferred Lethal Lethal Oxygen Level

Brook Trout 47-52 32 77 4 ppm 5-9

Rainbow Trout 54-66 32 85 4 ppm 5-9

Brown Trout 40-70 32 75 4 ppm 5-9

Coho Salmon 40-60 32 80 3 ppm 5-9

Chinook 45-58 32 77 3 ppm 5-9
Salmon

Land-Lock 40-70 32 75 4 ppm 5-9
Salmon

2.4 LIGHT INTENSITY

Forms of artificial guidance which coinside closely to

natural guidance mechanisms are used in guiding fish in their

trek upstream. Light intensity is one such factor. Whether it

be the sun or artificial lighting, fish tend to avoid light at

high intensities, moving toward lower.intensities, such as shaded

areas. Artificial barriors are also used to guide fish into

specified areas. Fish may become conditioned to certain stimuli

over a period of time. Thus artificial barriors and slight

noises caused by dams may not have a large effect on fish over a

long period of time. Changes in depth and pressure may cause

fish to avoid cetain areas, but it is difficult to say which

stimuli has the greatest effect on fish as it depends on what the

fish have become accustomed to.

2.5 OXYDATION

Stream oxyid@tion and Ph levels must be within certain

ranges in order to maintain fish life. The accepted,minimum

levei of dissolved oxygen is 5 ppm (parts per million), while the

best level is near saturation. There is danger if fish remain in

water that is supersaturated with nitrogen, as it may cause

death. No specific Ph level has been determined, but it is

recommended to that it remain between 6.7 and 8.3.

3.0 FISHWAY DESIGN

All aspects of a pre-existing dam are considered in order to

design a fishway best suited for that particular site. Table 3

refers to a list a dam parameters needed to design a fishway.

Fish & Game Department personnal design fishways with the

information provided in the list.

All fishways in New Hampshire are of a similiar design due

to the similiarity in their existing dam construction. The

general type is the Denil Fishway passage. A fish ladder allows

fish to jump the height of the dam by means of successive smaller

jumps through pools of turbulent water along an inclined

passageway. The enclosed blue print illustrates a typical design

for the Denil Fishway.

TABLE 3 SUMMARY OF PERTINENT PROJECT DATA

1. Site Specifications

Location
Owner
Year Constructed (Dam)
Year Constructed (Powerhouse) -
F.P.C. License Application Number -
Drainage Area - (sq. miles)
Average river discharge - (cfs)
River miles above mouth - (miles)
Next upstream dam.-
Dam type -
Dam height - (ft)
Normal headwater elevation (full pond) (ft)
Normat tailwater elevation (ft)
Gross operating head - (ft)
Spillway control -
Tailrace channel length (ft)
Reservoir length - (miles)

2. Power Generation Data

Type of plant
Powerhouse location
Powerhouse length

Installed Capacity

Number of units
Nameplate generating capacity (kilowatts)
.Normal plant discharge - (cfs)
Turbine type -
Turbine runner elevation - (ft)
Generating capacity (each unit) (kilowatts)
Turbine flow (each unit) - (cfs)

3. Existing Fish Passage Facilities

3.1 DENIL FISHWAY

The Denil Fishway systems consist of four primary elements:

1) Retention Pool
2) Fish Ladder
3) Dam Structure
4) Control Gates

The New Hampshire Fish and Game Department uses a typical design

for each of the four components. However, the design details of

each are very much 'site specific. Explanations and descriptions

of the elements and cost ranges are presented to assist

hydropower developers in preparing project cost estimates. The

State and Federal Fish and Game Department personnel assist

Hydropower developers in the final design and approval of fishway

systems (see Table 4).

3.2 RETENTION POOLS

Retention pools are normally required to augment the

entrance flow to fishways. A retention pool is a small pool of

water between the downstream face of the main dam and a small

downstream dam (i.e. retention pool dam). Normally the fishway

discharge flow is only a fraction of the stream flow. The

retention pools are designed to control the transition zone

between the stream and the discharge flow at the entrance to a

fishway system. Attraction to the entrance is achieved by

placing the entrance at the upper most reach of the navigable

stream and by establishing a flow at the system entrance that is

equal to or slightly greater then the natural stream flow.

Fish navigate upstream by sensing the direction of the

strongest upstream current. They always seek an upstream

position, they will not travel downstream to seek a new upstream

path.

Normal elevations for retention pools range from 1 to 4 feet.

Stop logs are placed in the retention pool dam for controlling

the pond elevation. The most effective location in the

retention pool for the entrance to the fishway passage is along a

shoreline.

TABLE 4

PROPOSED FISH PASSAGE FACILITIES DESIGN PARAMETERS

1. Design Population (number/species)

2. Upstream Migrant Facilities

A. Fish Collection Facility (Drwy

Location -
Number of fish entrances
Gated fish entrance width (Tailrace)
(Spillway)
Entrance gate type (Tailrace)
(Spillway)
Entrance jet velocity range - (fps)
Total attraction flow (cfs)
Auxiliary water source
Flow diffusion chambers
Diffusion chamber exit flow velocity - (fps max.)
Diffusion chamber grating size - (in)

B. Fishway (Drwg C

Number required
Type - Denil

Fishway Operating Range

Maximum headwater elevation (ft)
Minimum ff tl (ft)
Maximum tailwater elevation (Tailrace) (ft)
Minimum If It 11 (ft)
Trash rack at fishway exit (Spacing) (in)
Miscellaneous (Counting device, Stop PLanks, Saftey
railings, access ladders)

3. Downstream Migrant Facilities

If subsequent turbine studies indicate a high rate
of injury and/or mortality to downstream migrants
protection devices must be designed.

If the entrance is located at the shoreline, the attraction

outt'low should approximate 3% of the adjacent discharge from

either a spillway or bay area. At small projects, 3% of the

average annual stream flow during the time of fish passage should

provide adequate attraction flows. If the fishway can not supply

this quantity, the flow would have to be supplemented from the

hydropower discharge. Placement of a small hydropower discharge

in the vicinity of a fishway entrance may sufficiently augment

the attraction flow. Attraction problems can frequently be

minimized by also manipulating the turbine discharge to obtain

the best conditions at the fishway entrance or to lead the fish

to the fishway entrance.

At low head installations vertical temperature gradients

within a pool servere enough to inhibit fish movement is not

likely. However it is best to have the water temperature of the

fishway passage water the same as the upstream river temperature

where the fish enter from the fishway passage. Entrance

attraction velocities should be commensurate with the fish's

ability to swim and should not exceed the sustained speed, but

may equal as much as twice the cruising speed. Typical entrance

velocities range from 4 to 8 ft/s. For purposes of design, it

may be assumed that fish will requre 2.5 to 4 min to pass

through a vertical foot of fishway system.

3.3 FISH LADDER

The design of a typical Denil Fishway passage as shown on the

enclosed blue print can be used for estimating and for material

takeoffs. The average cost for the Denil Fishway is in the range

of $4,000.00 per vertical foot of passage. This includes the

retention pool, thus the cost estimate should only be used as

very preliminary estimate. The Denil Fishway also requires a

good maintenace program. The relationship of the baffle to the

open area is critical. The open area tends to accumulate deris

which must be continuously removed for the fishway to remain

functional. The annual operating and maintenance costs for a

Denil Fishway ranges between 2 to 3% of the unit cost.

3.4 DAM AND GATES

The retention dam and gates are shown on the drawing. The

length, height and location of the dam is site specific. A cross

section of a typical dam is given. The gates/stop logs at the

dowstream end of the passage are shown. Flow control gates at

the upstream end of the passage are not shown, these are site

specific. The State Fish and Game personnal maintain the

fishways during the migratory season, this includes the

management of the gates.

4.0 FISH MIGRATION

Table 5 lists the time of migration of some of the fish in

N.H.. The ladders operate as early as March and April and are

monitored until migration ceases due to high water temperatures.

The ladders can then be closed until the fall months when

migration resumes, until the water becomes too cold then the

ladders are closed again. There is no exact time requirement for

the ladders to be running, as it depends on the particular season

an(i the migration patterns of the fish. Fish ladders in N.H. are

checked daily during the spring and fall months when migration is

the heaviest.

TABLE 5 MIGRATION

Time of Time of
Fish Migratory Migration Spawning

Brook Trout NO Sept-Dec

Rainbow Trout NO April-May

Brown Trout NO Oct-Dec

Coho Salmon YES Sept-Jan Sept-Dec

Chinook Yes Oct-Dec Oct-Dec
Salmon

Land-Lock YES Oct-Dec Oct-Dec
Salmon

5.0 COST ESTIMATES

The cost of building and maintaining a fishway at a small

scale hydroelectric site varies from site to site. The cost

includes developing, design, construction, and operating costs.

Environmental factors including weather conditions, flood

precautions, and accessability must also be considered. Figures

given by the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department reveal cost

estimates for the New Hampshire area to be approximately $4000.00

per vertical foot. A major part of the operating cost is

incurred by the cost needed to supply attraction water to the

fishway. The cost of this water supplied by gravity is

determined by it's power value, had it gone through the

generating system. Attraction water at 10 cubic feet per second

supplied by an existing river with a 10 foot head, for three

months, would figure to be a $1800 loss in power value, or the

cost of operating a fishway.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Fisheries Handbook of Engineering Requirements and Biological
Data. M.C. Bell, Corps of Engineers Portland Oregon,
Contract No. DACW57-68-C-0086
February 1973

Recieved through;
National Technical Information Service
Department of Commerce
Number AD/A-006-404

2) Anaylsis of Environmental Issues Related To Small Scale
Hydroelectric Development II: Design Considerations
For Passing Fis.h Upstream Around Dams by S.G. Hildebrand,
M.C. Bell, E.P. Richey, J.J. Anderson, Z.E. Parkhurst.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Environmental Sciences
Division Publication No. 1567, Oak Ridge Tennessee,
August 1980.

Recieved through;
Natinal Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
Number ORNL/TM-7396

3) 1981 Annual Report - Division of Inland and Marine Fisheries,
New Hampshire Fish and Game Department.

4) Biological Survey of the Lakes and Ponds in the Coos,
Grafton, & Carroll Counties. New Hampshire Fish and Game
Department, Bernard W. Corson - Director Survey Report
# 8a Concord, New Hampshire.

5) Biological Survey of the Lakes and Ponds in the Sullivan,
Merrimack, Belnap and Strafford Counties. New Hampshire
Fish and Game Department, Bernard W. Corson - Director
Survey Report # 8b Concord New Hampshire.

6) Biological Survey of the Lakes and Ponds in the Chesire,
Hillsboro, and Rockingham Counties. New Hampshire Fish
and Game Department, Bernard W. Corson Director Survey
Report 8c Concord, New Hampshire.

PART 2

APPLICATION FOR EXEMPTION

I
I

Part 2 FERC Exemption Package

A FERC Exemption package was prepared for the two Exeter

dam sites a) the Pickpocket and b) the Exeter. The package has

been submitted to seven state and federal agencies. To date

four have submitted approvals. The Water Resources Board and

the State and Federal Fish and Game Departments will be

receiving an update to the original application package

reflecting the results of this study. A copy of the proposed

penstock location at the Exeter River Dam will be submitted to

Mr. Ben Rizzo of the United States Department of the Interior

Fish and Wildlife Service for review. As part of this project

the problems the State Fish and Game Department have had at the

Exeter Dam site were discussed with him.

It is recommended that the Town of Exeter submit the

Exemption Application package to FERC. Once the exemption has

been granted the town will have the right for two years to

initiate hydropower development on the sites. If construction

is not initiated within the allocated time the exemption will be

void. During the two year period however, no other developer

can file on the site with FERC. Once construction is completed

the town will have the right to generate hydropower for the

duration of the exemption, 50 years. The Town will be in a

position to desseminate RFP's once the exemption has been

awarded. It is recommended that the Town Selectman establish a

committee to oversee hydropower development in Exeter.

APPLICATION FOR EXEMPTION OF TWO SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECTS
FROM LICENSING

1. Applicants full name and address:

The Town of Exeter, N.H.
10 Front Street
Exeter, New Hampshire 03800
Atten: Charles H. Goodspeed, P.E.

2. Location of Projects:

Exeter Dam Pickpocket Dam

State - New Hampshire - New Hampshire
County - Rockingham - Rockingham
Town - Exeter - Exeter
Stream - Exeter River - Exeter River
State - 82.01 - 29.07

3. Project description and proposed mode of operation:

Existing Facilities

The two Exeter, N.H. hydroelectric projects are located on the Exeter

River, dam 82.01 "Exeter Dam" is located at the entrance to the Squamscott River

and dam 29.07 "Pickpocket Dam" is located approximately 5 miles upstream from

dam 82.01. Both dams are located in the town of Exeter. The Pickpocket Dam is

on the Exeter-Brentwood town line. The sites consist of all properties, water

and flowage rights all of which were conveyed to the Town of Exeter in 1981 by

Clemson-Milliken Fabrics, Inc.

Dam 82.01 The existing dam is a reinforced concrete gravity structure

founded on ledge with an overall length of 140 feet with a III foot spillway and

a hydraulic height of 9 feet. Approximately fifty feet downstream from the

Exeter Dam and at a crest elevation 9 feet below the Exeter Dam crest is a

second reinfo rced concrete gravity structure with a hydraulic height of 3 feet,

constructed for a retention pool. Four foot long stoplogs are used in the

structure to allow for retention pool control.

The Exeter Dam was built in 1914, rehabilitated in 1938 and extensively

rehabilitated in 1968. The dam was inspected under Phase I of the National Dam

Inspection Program early in 1977. The dam, classified as small in size, was

recorded as being in good condition. The Exeter Dam commands a drainage area of

102.7 square miles with a normal pond area of approximately 36 acres (at the

spillway crest elevation of 36.5 MSL) and a normal storage capacity of 545 acre

feet. The 111 foot long spillway has a flood discharge capacity of 2000 cfs.

The remainder of the dam consists of an intake structure leading to a 7 ft high

by 14 ft wide reinforced concrete penstock, a spillway gate and a fish ladder.

The Town of Exeter maintains the fish ladder under the rules established by the

New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. These rules will continue to be followed

when the hydro-electric retrofit is in operation. The approximately 2000 ft long

penstock has been sealed off and two taps installed: (a) a nine inch diameter

pipe running into a mill building, however the new mill ownership will not have

the rights to the water for manufacturing processes but only for fire protection,

(b) a four inch diameter pipe at String Bridge used to gravity fill fire apparatus.

The intake apparatus, wheel and gear controls for two equal sized wooden penstock

gates and trash rack, are in good working condition.

The existing spillway gate is a four foot six inch by five foot wooden gate

with wheel and gear control. The existing gate is in good working condition.

Dam 29.07 - The existing dam is a reinforced concrete gravity structure

founded on ledge with an overall length of 234 feet, with a 130 foot spillway

and with a hydraulic height of 8 feet. Three foot flashboards were used on the

dam. The dam was inspected in 1977 and was classified in good condition.

Approximately 30 feet downstream from the Pickpocket Dam at a crest elevation 8

feet lower is a reinforced concrete gravity structure with a hydraulic height of

3 feet, constructed for a retention pool. Four foot long stoplogs are used in

the retention dam to allow for pool control.

Dam 29.07 commends a drainage area of 86.2 square miles with a normal pond

area of approximately 22 acres (at spillway crest elevation of 103.8 MSL) and a

normal storage capacity of 350 acre feet. The 130 foot long spillway has a

flood discharge capacity of 2400 cfs. The remainder of the dam consists of a

stone faced earth embankment, a fish ladder and a spillway gate. The spillway

gate is in good working order. The gate mechanism and trash racks are in good

operating condition; adaptation of the gate orifice will be done to accept a

penstock per final plans. The fish ladder is maintained in a similar manner by

the Town of Exeter and the rules will continue to be followed when the hydro-

electric retrofit is in operation.

Proposed Development Plan

The Exeter plan will use similar turbine/generator sets with an installed

capacity of approximately 160 kilowatts at each site. The turbines will be tube

type having a head range from 6.56 feet to 14.4 feet with a design head of 10.83

feet at a design flow of 187 cfs. The yearly average flow at the Exeter Dam is

approximately 160 cfs. The yearly average flow (i.e. October through June)

exceeds 200 cfs. The average flows at the Pickpocket Dam are slightly smaller,

however for economic reasons similar turbine generator installations will be

used at both sites. Penstocks will be installed from the dam spillway gates to

a discharge hole below the retention dam. (see figure 1). Some excavation of

the river bed will be required for the tail race. No f ill will be placed in the

river only a small amount of excavation will be required for the discharge.

Construction will be performed during the dry season at which time all the dam

discharge water will be diverted through the fishladders and by removing the

stoplogs in the retention.

The selected turbines will operate at 250 rpm. The turbines will be directly

connected to a three phase, synchronous run generator rated to match the turbine.

The installation of direct drive low speed generators will providehigh relia-

bility and eliminate the losses incurred through the use of speed increases.

The Exeter sites will operate under a run of river mode with net operating

heads of approximately 10 feet. The sites will be fully automated and controlled

by a Digital Processing Unit (DPU). The DPU, in addition to providing automatic

synchronizing, generator field control, and water flow (gate) control will also

monitor the following parameters.

WITH BREAKER CLOSED WITH BREAKER OPEN

- Line Volts - Line Volts

- Line Voltage Balance - Line Voltage Balance

- Watts, VARS - Voltage Differance
across Breaker
- Frequency
- Shaft RPM - Shaft RPM

- Fields Amps

Protective relays (overcurrent, generator field and stator ground, over temperature

etc.) will also be incorporated in each system. A site manager will check the

installations daily, and will respond immediately in the event of an alarm.

Power output will be continuously recorded and furnished to the Public Service

Company of New Hampshire for system monitoring.

The total output per site (estimated at 600,000 KWH per year) will be sold

to the Public Service Company of New Hampshire in accordance with the New Hampshire

law governing the sale of energy under the Limited Electrical Energy Producers.

Act (LEEPA).

The total project costs are estimated at $105,000 per dam. Charles Goodspeed

is acting as the Town's agent in developing the projects.

4. No lands of the United States are affected by the remodeling of the Town of

Exeter hydroelectric sites.

5. The entire output will be sold to the local franchised utility (the Public

Service Company of New Hampshire) in accordance with New Hampshire laws governing

sale by limited electrical energy producers, for distribution to its customers.

6. Construction of the projects is planned to start in the first dry season

(summer) immedi ately following the issuance of the exemption by the Commission

and are scheduled to be completed within eighteen months from the issuance of

the exemption.

7. Environmental Report

The approximately 103 square miles of watershed consists primarily of

fields, wooded hills and natural swamps. The project would in no way affect

these areas as the dams are in place and the project will be operated inter-

mittantly as a run of the river operation.

The ponds behind both dams provide fishing for many citizens. The imponded

water behind Dam No. 82.01 serves as the Town of Exeter's fire protection,

drinking water and Philips Exeter's heating system (for water circulation only).

There is one commercial building that is effected each spring by the seasonal

high water in the river, this project will have no effect on these conditions.

These uses of the river water will not be subjected to any ill effects as a

result from the two turbine-generator installations. Ducks and other birds,are

visible in the area. The vegetation is limited to grass, pine trees, hard maple

trees, oak trees, poplar trees and alders. The proposed hydro operations would

not affect the quality of the river as the project would be operated as a run of

the river operation.

Dear

The Town of Exeter is planning two small scale Hydro-electric projects
on the Exeter River in Exeter, New Hampshire. The projects are on the Exeter
Dam, State No. 82.01, and the Pickpocket Dam, State No. 29.07. The con-
struction of the two dams is concrete and were classified in 1977 as being in good
condition. Each dam has a concrete fish ladder operated by the Town of Exeter
under the rules and regulations of the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department.

The feasibility study conducted by the Town Planning Office and the
University of New Hampshire (Prof. Chalres H. Goodspeed, Department of Civil
Engineering) indicated an economically feasible generating capacity in the range
of 10OKW to 15OKW for the Exeter Dam. The Pickpocket Dam is within 3 miles up-
stream thus has approximately the same Flow Duration curve, since both dams have
nearly the same head and flow similar equipment will be installed at both locations.
The turbines will be installed at the erosion dams to utilize the total available
head. The installations will be operated intermittantly as run of river plants.

The Town of Exeter is preparing to file for Exemptions on each dam through
a single application package, the Town solicits your input as required by the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Sincerely yours,

Charles H. Goodspeed, P.E.
Tdwn Ageny, Hydro-electric Projects

State of New Hampshire
Water Resources Board
37 Pleasant Street
Concord, N.H. 03301

The State of New Hampshire
Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission
Hazen Drive - P.O. Box 95
Concord, N.H. 03301

New Hampshire Department of Resources
and Economic Development
P.O. Box 856
Concord, N.H. 03301

State of New Hampshire Fish and Game Department
Box 2003
34 Bridge Street
Concord, N.H. 03301

United States Department of the Interior
Fish and Wildlife Service
Ecological Services
P.O. Box 1518
Concord, N.H. 03301

United States Department of the Interior
Office of the Secretary
Washington, D.C. 20240

United States Department of Cominmerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Marine Service
Services Division
Habitat Protection Branch
7 Pleasant Street
Gloucester, MA 01930

FIGURE 1 PENSTOCK LOCATIONS

The following two drawings locate the proposed penstocks.
Turbine/Generator units will be installed in the penstocks.

30 - 4-

OZ. YS

SPILLWAY

Rocky Is.
rr)

0
6f

PC& sto
013-

9,5

SCALE 02

1 in. = 30 Feet

L I I I
0 5 10 15 30

FISH LADDER
LOCATION
PICKPOCKET DAM
EXETER, N.H.

e%! ""a?
y

Exposed ledge

81?

03@
Proposed
1( 51 'P ews

M 0

c'
a(y 0

6
IL Heigpt of dom 9.39' with ficahboards

FLOW

FISH LADDER
LOCATION
EXETER RIVER DAM
EXETER, N. H.
SCALE

I In. 20 Ff.

I
0 10 20

MAP

U.S. Fish and Game Department

ol ----------

0c,t,TIOH .-Ftt

SIATUS OF (ACM SYStIM

........ . . . . . . . .
Ft F A

slfc!fs OF FISH

!.d

..d 1 .1-
@AIS

Ri- j

;71

;kA

0
IT

ANADROMOUS FISH STREAMS OF NEW ENGLAND

NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY
. - ;
: 3 6668 14112707 8 !,