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NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-45 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE OCCURRENCE OF LIFE STAGES OF SOME RECREATIONAL MARINE FISHES IN ESTUARIES OF THE GULF OF MEXICO Eugene L. Nakamura Joan R. Taylor Ian K. Workman may 198o U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Center Panama City Laboratory 3500 Delwood Beach Road SH Panama City, Florida 32407 11 .A2 S65 no.45 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-45 THE OCCURRENCE OF LIFE STAGES OF SOME NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RECREATIONAL MARINE FISHES IN ESTUARIES OF THE GULF OF MEXICO Property of the Oac Library Eugene L. Nakamura Joan R. Taylor U - S . DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER Ian K. Workman 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413 may 1980 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Richard A. Frank, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service Terry L. Leitzell, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries This TM series is used for documentation and timely communication of preliminary results, interim reports, or similar special purpose information. Although the memos are not subject to complete formal review, editioral control, or detailed editing, they are expected to reflect sound professional work. PREFACE This report summ rizes the results of a project that was conducted in 1974-75. In addition to the information that we sought, our efforts produced an extensive bibliography on fishes in the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico. Some of our colleagues suggested that we include additional species and that we update the references. The unlikelihood of our doing so becomes more apparent with the passage of time. We therefore present this version of our report with the hope that others may find it useful. THE OCCURRENCE OF LIFE STAGES OF SOME IIEC13EATIONAL MARINE FISHES IN ESTUARIES OF THE GULF OF MEXICO Many recreationally and commercially important marine fishes are dependent upon estuaries at some time in their life cycle. Most of these species have life histories wherein the adults spawn offshore, and the young move into estuaries to feed and grow (Gun-ter 1961, 1967). The life histories of the commercially important species are sufficiently known -to permit estimates of the portion of the catches which are estuarine dependent. A number of authors have made such estimates (Gunter 1967; Lindall 1973; McHugh 1966, 1967; Skud and Wilson 1960; Sykes 1964, 1965, 1968; Sykes and Finucane 1966; Thompson 1968; and others). Estimates as high as 90% have been made for commercial species in the Gulf of Mexico (Skud and Wilson 1960; Thompson 1968). Compaxable percentages for recreational species are more difficult to estimate owing to the lack of both adequate catch data and sufficient biological information. We reviewed what was known of the distribution and occurrence of the various life stages of recreational fishes in estuaries along the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. We examined various publications and tallied, by species and by life stages, those recreational fishes that' had been reported in estuaries. The presence of a, species in an estuary does not necessarily imply its dependence upon that habitat; it may be an adventitious visitor (McHugh 1967). But, if the life history is not fully known, we may be in error in identifying adventitious visitors. Therefore, we included all of the selected species of recreational fishes in our tally. The selection of species as recreational fishes is admittedly subjective. Agreement is difficult to obtain, because a fish may be considered a recreational species in one area, but not in another, and also because a fish may be considered a recreational species by one fisherman, but not by another. We made our selections from the List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada (Bailey 1970). A total of sixty-eight species was selected (Table 1). Definitions of laxva and juvenile were those generally used by biologists, such as by Mansueti and Hardy (1967): Larva - "Young fish between time of hatching and attainment of adult fin-ray complement." Juvenile - "Young fish after attainment of full adult counts and before sexual maturation." Adult is the stage at which sexual maturity is attained. Many references gave sizes of fishes without stating the life stages. In such cases, we determined life stages by referring to other authors who had given both the sizes and life stages. The literature citations are presented alphabetically and n-umerically. Numerical references are used iu the appendix tables for convenience. For our purpose the estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico included all bays, harbors, sounds, lakes, and lagoons which were connected directly to the Gulf of Mexico. The seaward boundary was the imaginary line connecting the points of land marking the entrance or entrances to the embayments. The estuarine areas of the Gulf of Mexico were delimited as follows: The Florida coast was divided into four areas following the demarcations of McNulty et al. (1972); the Alabama coast was considered one area; the Mississippi coast was considered one area; the Louisiana coast was divided into two areas; and the coast of Texas was divided into three areas. The boundaries of the eleven estuarine areas, as illustrated in Figure 1, are as follows: I. Rio Grande River through Laguna Madre Ii. Corpus Christi Bay to Freeport III. Freeport through Sabine River IV. Louisiana coast west of Mississippi River V. Louisiana coast east of Mississippi River VI. Mississippi coast VII. Alabama coast VIII. Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Point IX. Lighthouse Point through Anclote Key X. Anclote River to Cape Romano XI. Cape Romano through Florida Bay The sixty-eight species consisted of eleven sharks and fifty-seven bony fishes (Table 1). The sharks were included, because shark fishing is becoming increasingly popular. All of the eleven sharks give birth to live young, and therefore, they do not have egg and larval stages. Eight of the eleven had their juvenile and adult stages reported in estuaries (Table 1). The nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) had only its adult stage reported, while the sandbar shark (CaxcharTTi7-n_us milberti) had only its juvenile stage reported; both of these, plus the smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena , were also reported in estuaries by authors who did not state sizes or life stages. Of the bony fishes, three species had all stages from egg to adult present in estuaries. These three were the two marine catfishes (Arius felis and Bagre marinus), the males of which incubate the eggs in their mouths, and the black drum (Pogonias cromis), which has been found to spawn in the bays and lagoons of Texas. Of the remaining fifty-four, twenty-six species had their larval, juvenile, and adult stages reported in estuaries; twenty-five had their juvenile and adult stages reported. One (the bonefish, Albula vulpes) had its larval and juvenile stages reported in estuaries (one report did not state size or life stage of the bonefish--see appendix tables); two (the greater anberjack, Seriola dumerili and the guaguanche, Sphyraena guachancho) 2 had only their juvenile stage reported in estuaries (several references of the guaguanche did not state size of life stage). In each estuarine area, the number of species was lowest for eggs, second lowest for larvae, third lowest for adults, and highest for juveniles (Table 2). Thus, additional credence is provided to the importance of estuaries as nursery grounds for juvenile recreational fishes (Gunter 1961, 1967). The few reports of eggs and larvae result from several factors: one, some of the species spawn offshore; two, 'eggs and laxvae are difficult to identify; and three, relatively few studies have been conducted on ichthyoplankton in estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico. Those studies that have been made were either lacking in specific identifications, or were limited to larvae of a certain family, or were limited in sampling (Arnold, Wheeler, and Baxter 1960; Gillespie 1971; Jannke 1971; Kelly and Dragovich 1968; Perry and Christmas 1973; Swingle 1971). More systematic studies of ichthyoplankton would yield information on the importance of estuaries as spawning grounds. 3 LITERATURE CITED 1. Adams, C.A. 1972. Food habits of juvenile pinfish (Lajgodon rhomboides), silver perch (Bairdiella chrvsura), and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) of the estuarine zone near Crystal River, Florida. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Florida, 146 p. 2. Allison, D.T. 1961. List of fishes from St. Andrew Bay system and adjacent Gulf of Mexico. Student paper (unpublished), Florida State Univ., 63 P. 3. Anderson, H.G., Jr. 1970. Annotated list of parasites of the bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix. U.S. Bur. Sport Fish. Wildl., Tech. Pap. 54 15 p. 4. Arnold, E.L., Jr., R.S. Wheeler, and K.N. Baxter. 1960. Observations on fishes and other biota of East Lagoon, Galveston Island. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 344, 30 p. 5. Arnoldi, D.C., W.H. Herke, and E.J. Clairain, Jr. 1974. Estimate of growth rate and length of stay in a marsh nursery of juvenile Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus), "sandblasted" with fluorescent pigments. Proc. Gulf. Cari . Fish. Inst. 26:158-172. 6. 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Publ. Inst. Max. Sci., Univ. Texas 5:169-185. 21 258. Springer, V.G., and K.D. Woodburn. 1960. An ecological study of the fishes of the Tampa Bay area. Fla. Board. Conserv., Mar. Res. Lab., Prof. Pap. Ser. 1, 104 p. 259. Stevens, F.R. 1963a. Coordination of coastwide fin-fish investigations project. Texas Game Fish Comm., Mar. Fish. Proj. Rep. 1961-1962, 61 p. 260. Stevens, F.R. 1963b. Creel census of San Antonio and Espiritu Santo Bays. Texas Game Fish Comm., Mar. Fish. Proj. Rep. 1961-1962, 8 p. 261. Stevens, F.R. 1963c. Population studies of the sports and commercial fin-fish and forage species of the Galveston Bay system. Texas Game Fish Comm., Mar. Fish. Proj. Rep. 1961-1962, 16 p. 262. Storey, M. 1937. The relation between normal range and mortality of fishes due to cold at Sanibel Island, Florida. Ecology 18:10-26. 263. Sundararaj, B.I. 1960. Age and growth of the spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lac6pbde. Tulane Stud. Zool. 8(2):41-62. 264. Sundararaj, B.I., and R.D. Suttkus. 1962. Fecundity of the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier), from Lake Borgne area, Louisiana. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 91(1):8 -88. 265. Suttkus, R.D. 1955. Seasonal movements and growth of the Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus) along the east Louisiana coast. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 7:151-158. 266. Swingle, H.A. 1971. Biology of Alabama estuarine areas--Cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine inventory. Ala. Mar. Resour. Bull. 5:1-123. 267. Swingle, H.A., and D.G. Bland. 1974. A study of the fishes of the coastal waters of Alabama. Ala. Mar. Resour. Bull. 10:17-102. 268. Swingle, W.E., S.L. Spencer, and T.M. Scott, Jr. 1966. Statistics on the sport fishery of the Mobile delta during the period of July 1, 1963, to June 30, 1964. Proc. Southeast. Game Fish Comm. 19:439-446. 269. Sykes, J.E. 1964. Requirements of gulf and south Atlantic estuarine research. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 16:113-120. 270. Sykes, J.E. 1965. Multiple utilization of gulf coast estuaries. Proc. Southeast. Game Fish Comm. 17:323-326. 271. Sykes, J.E. 1968. Commercial values of estuarine-generated fisheries on the south Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. In J.D. Newsom (editor) Proceedings of the marsh and estuary management symposium, P. 73-78. Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. 272. Sykes, J.E. 1971. Implications of dredging and filling in Boca Ciega Bay, Florida. Environ. Lett. 1(2):151-156. 273. Sykes, J.E., and J.H. Finucane. 1966. Occurrence in Tampa Bay, Floriaa of immature species dominant in Gulf of Mexico commercial fisheries. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.,, Fish. Bull. 65(2):369-379. 22 274. Tabb, D.C. 1966. The estuary as a habitat for spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus. In R.F. Smith, et al. (editors) A symposium on estuarine fisheries, p. 59-67. Am. Fish. Soc.,Spec. Publ. 3. 275. Tabb, D.C., D.L. Dubrow, and R.B. Manning. 1962. The ecology of northern Florida Bay and adjacent estuaries. Fla. Board Conserv., Mar. Res. Lab., Tech. Ser. 39, 81 p. 276. Tabb, D.C., E.J. Heald, T.R. Alexander, and R.G. Rehrer. 1972. Ecological inventory of coastal waters and adjacent uplands of northwest Collier County, Florida, in the vicinity of Wiggins Pass. Univ. Miami, Rosenstiel School Mar. Atmos. Sci., 39 p. 277. Tabb, D.C., and A.C. Jones. 1962. Effect of hurricane Donna on the aquatic fauna of north Florida Bay. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 91(4):375-378. 278. Tabb, D.C., and R.B. Manning. 1961. A checklist of the flora and fauna of northern Florida Bay and adjacent brackish waters of the Florida mainland collected during the period July, 1957, through September, 1960. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caxibb. 11(4):552-649. 279. Tabb, D.C., and B.J. lokel. 1968. Rookery Bay axea project; a demon- stration study in conservation and development, Naples, Florida. Washington, D.C., Conservation Foundation, 61 p. 280. Tagatz, M.E. 1973. A larval tarpon, Megalops atlariticus, from Pensacola, Florida. Copeia 1973(l):14o-!41. - 281. Tagatz, M.E., and E.P.H. Wilkens. 1973. 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Miami, 68 p. 292. Wang, J.C.S., and E.C. Haney. 1971. Distribution and fluctuations in the fish fauna of the Charlotte Harbor estuary, Florida. Sarasota, Fla., Mote Mar. Lab., 56 p. 293. Ward, J.W. 1962. Description of the eyes of a blind specimen of the red drum, Sciaenops ocellata. Copeia 1962(2):44o-442. 294. Weaver, J.E., and L.F. Holloway. 1974. Community structure of fishes and macrocrustaceans in ponds of a Louisiana tidal marsh influenced by weirs. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 18:57-69. 295. Williams, E.H., Jr., and J.L. Gaines, Jr. 1974. Acanthocephala of fishes from marine and brackish waters of the Mobile Bay region. J. Mar. Sci. 2(3*):135-148. 296. Wohlschlag, D.E., and J.N. Cameron. 1967. Assessment of a low level stress on the respiratory metabolism of the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides). Contrib. Mar. Sci. 12:160-171. 297. Wohlschlag, D.E., and J.N. Cameron, and J.J. Cech, Jr. 1968. Seasonal changes in the respiratory metabolism of the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides). Contrib. Mar. Sci. 13:89-lo4.. 298. Wohlschlag, D.E., and J.J. Cech, Jr. 1970. Size of pinfish in relation to thermal stress response. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 15:21-31. 299. Yerger, R.W. 1961. Additional records of marine fishes from Alligator Harbor, Florida, and vicinity. Q.J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 24(2):111-116. 300. Yokel, B.J. 1966. A. contribution to the biology and distribution of the red drum, Sdiaenops ocellata. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Miami, 160 p. 301. Yokel, B.J., M.A. Roessler, and E.S. Iversen. 1967. Fishes and juvenile stages of pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) collected in Buttonwood Canal, Florida. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Data Rep. 22, 56 p. 302. Zilberberg, M.H. 1966. Seasonal occurrence of fishes in a coastal marsh in northwest Florida. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Texas 11:126-134. 24 960W 940 920 900 880 860 840 I TEXAS LOUISIANA MISS ALA 0 30 - vi Vil Vill V I X I v 2 6 0 MEX GULF OF MEXICO 960 940 920 900 880 860 840 Figure l.--Estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Table i.--occurrence of life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. "x" indicates occurrence has been reported in the literature. Life Stage Egg Larva Juvenile Adult Unspecified Orectolobidae - carpet sharks Nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) x x Carcharhinidae - requiem sharks Finetooth shark (Aprionodon isodon) x x X Blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotus) x x x Bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) X x x Blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) X x X Sandbar shark (Carcharhinus milberti) x x Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) x x x Sphyrnidae - hammerhead sharks Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) X x x Great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) x x x Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) X x x Smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) x Table l.--Occurrence of life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. "x" indicates occurrence has been reported in the literature. (cont'd) Life Stage Egg Larvae Juvenile Adult Unspecified Elopidae - tarpons Ladyfish (Elops s7aurus) x x x X Tarpon (Megalops atlantica) x x x x Bonefish (Albula,vulpes) x x x Clupeidae - herrings Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) x x x Skipjack herring (Alosa chrysochloris) x x x Ariidae - sea catfishes Sea catfish (Arius felis) x x x Gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus-) x x x x x Centropomidae - snooks Tarpon snook (Centropomus pectinatus) x Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) x x x Percichthyidae - temperate basses Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) x x x Table l.--Occurrence of life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. "x" indicates occurrence has been reported in the literature. (cont'd) Life Stage Egg Larva Juvenile Adult Unspecified Serranidae - sea basses Southern sea bass (Centropristis melana) x X X Rock sea bass (Centropristis -philadel-phica) X X X Jewfish (EpinephelugitaJara) X X x Gag (Mycteroperca microlepis) x X x Red grouper (Epinephelus morio) X X X ro Pomatomidae - bluefishes CO Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) X X x Rachycentridae - cobias Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) X X x Carangidae - jacks and pompanos Blue runner (Caranx crysos) X X X Crevalle Jack (Caranx hippos) X X x Greater amberjack. (Seriola dumerili) X Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) X X X x Permit (Trachinotus falcatus) X X x Table 1---Occurrence of life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. "x" indicates occurrence has been reported in the literature. (cont'd) Life Stage Egg Larva Juvenile Adult Unspecified Lutjanidae - snappers Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) X x X Gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) x X x Lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris) x x x Lobotidae - tripletails Tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) X X x Gerreidae - mojarras Striped mojarra (Diapterus plumieri) X x x Pomadasyidae - grunts Tomtate (Haemulon aurolineatum) x x X White grunt (Haemulon plumieri) x x x Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera) x X x x Sparidae - porgies Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) X x x x Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) X x X x Table l.--occurrence of life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. "x" indicates occurrence has been reported in the literature. (cont'd) Life Stage Egg Larva Juvenile Adult Unspecified Sciaenidae - drums Silver perch (Bairdiella chrysura) x x x x Sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) x x x x Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) x x x x Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) x X X x Southern kingfish (Menticirrhus americanus) x x X x w Minkfish (Menticirrhus focaliger) x X x x 0 Black drum (Pogonias cromis) x x x x x Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus) x x x x Red drum (Sciaeno-ps ocellata) x x x X Ephippidae - spadefishes Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber) x X x x Mugilidae - mullets Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) x x x X White mullet (Mugil curema) x x x x Fantail mullet (Mugil trichodon) X X x x Table l.--Occurrence of life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. "x" indicates occurrence has been reported in the literature. (cont'd) Life Stage Egg Larva Juvenile Adult Unspecified Sphyraenidae - barracudas Guaguanche (Sphyraena guachancho) x x Great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) x X x x Northern sennet (Sphyraena borealis) x x x Scombridae - mackerels and tunas Little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) x x x w King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) x x x Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatt-us) x X x x Bothidae - lefteye flounders Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) x x X x Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) X X x x Balistidae - triggerfish and filefishes Gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) x X x x Orange filefish (Aluterus schoepfi) X x x Tetraodontidae - puffers Southern puffer (Sphoeroides nephelus) x x x x Table 2. Numbers of selected recreational fishes by life stages reported in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. State TX LA. MS AL FL Estuarine Area I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI Egg 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 Larva 10 20 15 12 6 1 9 11 8 10 11 Juvenile 20 43 27 35 24 21 49 54 38 45 41 Adult 17 24 20 22 17 15 33 46 24 34 32 Unspecified-1/ 13 3 9 5 2 25 1 3 14 7 5 l/ Number of species reported only as present, size or life stage not specified. Appendix Table A-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico : Texas. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U unspecified. TEXAS Rio Grande River through Corpus Christi Bay to Freeport. through Sabine Family - Species Laguna Madre Freei)ort River E L i A U E L J _ A _U E L i A U Orectolobidae - carpet sharks Nurse shark (Ginglymostoma, cirratum) Carcharhinidae - requiem sharks Finetooth shark (Aprionodon isodon) 249 lo6 16 125 lo6 Blacknose shark (Carcharinus acronotus) 125 14 Bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) 16 125 16 16 212 183 124 129 Blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) 46 16 125 97 16 212 249 225 226 229 Sandbar shark (Carcharhinus milberti) Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) 125 Sphyrnidae - hammerhead sharks Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna levini=S. diplana) 125 212 Great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 16 125 Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo 16 16 16 32 97 212 125 129 Other hammerheads (Sphyrna spp.) 16 16 32 Elopidae - tarpons Ladyfish (Elops saurus) 34 34 34 31 123 97 97 68 4 81 20 46 46 32 125 123 98 69 226 191 102 125 99 88 212 119 188 183 214 217 225 227 Tarpon (Megalops atlantica) 31 14 183 168 14 21: 32 97 251 46 257 249 Bonefish (Albula vulpes) L25 125 212 Clupeidae - herrings Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) Skipjack herring (Alosa chrysochloris) Ariidae - sea catfishes Sea catfish (Arius felis) 31 31 102 68 88 24 25 80 69 59 59 59 20 32 32 119 97 145 25 88 105 225 69 81 81 54 46 46 249 68 97 168 229 81 91 88 143 97 127 183 91 229 91 144 126 145 251 229 225 212 127 229 228 145 33 Appendix Table A.--References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of 14exico: Texas. E - egg; L - larva; J - juvenile; A = adult; U unspecified. TEXAS Rio Grande River through Corpus Christi Bay to Freeport throuih Sabitle Family - Species Laguna Madre Freeport River E L i A U E L i A U E L j Aj U Gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus) 46 31 12T 25 9T 68 59 59 226 54 32 9T 124 81 81 231 69 80 12T 168 226 191 249 251 231 193 212 213 225 22T Centropomidae, - snooks Tarpon snook (Centropowus pectinatus Snook (Centropomus undecimalis)- 46 31 15 257 32 Percichthyidae - temperate basses Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) Serranidae - sea basses Southern sea bass (Centropristis melana) Rock sea bass (Centropristis philadelphica 125 185 15 212 185 Jewfish (Ephinephelus itajara 32 183 212 Gag (Wcteroperca microlepis) 15 Red grouper (Ephinephelus M mori _O) Pomatomidae - bluefishes Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) 102 97 183 4 212 125 257 228 266 Rachycentridae - cobias Cobia (Rachycentron canedum) 15 183 212 125 257 Carangidae - jacks and pompanos Blue runner (Caranx crysos 46 32 168 212 Crevalle Jack (Caranx hippos) 32 32 46 25 68 4 4 20 249 249 97 98 226 69 125 168 191 217 25T 912 22T 229 Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) Florida pompano (TrachinotuB carolinus) 34 34 32 66 99 4 4 191 249 125 168 176 ^12 183 227 @,)q 257 Permit (Trachinotus falcat, q7 15 99 Lutjanidae - snappers Red snapper (Lutianus camp chanus) 34 Appendix Table A-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Texas. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U unspecified. Rio Grande River through Corpus Christi Bay to Freeport through Sabine Family - Species Laguna Madre Freeport River E L i A U E L IT A U E L i A U_ Gray snapper (Lutianus griseus 88 13 13 97 15 212 168 105 188 Lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris) 88 4 212 Lobotidae - tripletails Triplet&Ll (Lobotes surinamensisT 11 15 9T 11 226 11 249 212 227 229 Gerreidae, - mojarras Striped mojarra (Diapterus plunieri) Pomadasyidae - grunts Tomtate (Haamul on aurolineatum) White grunt (Haemulon plumieri Pigfish M hopristis 25 31 65 24 9T chz,ysopter7 25 35 4 176 20 34 34 32 125 25 68 1T6 35 249 249 35 88 80 226 69 46 97 124 86 119 125 128 191 129 168 212 197 214 251 228 Sparidae - porgies Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) 32 25 33 35 25 32 4 35 4 20 34 34 116 38 35 68 3T 35 69 35 35 249 4o 37 80 38 37 144 37 37 41 4o 105 4o 38 193 38 39 42 41 116 41 40 212 39 4o 97 42 124 42 41 4o 41 125 9T 128 191 42 41 42 151 145 168 192 192 42 113 152 151 183 214 259 46 114 178 lT8 25T 259 261 113 115 180 179 260 261 259 259 188 18o 196 196 197 245 245 246 246 247 247 259 259 Pinfish (La .Zodon rhomboides) 65 25 34 24 65 24 35 4 81 176 35 34 249 31 66 24 25 51 128 225 51 65 32 25 97 68 1T6 54 119 35 52 125 80 191 69 249 46 57 154 98 214 143 51 65 296 99 226 144 102 66 298 105 212 114 97 124 227 142 125 .145 229 129 168 154 179 296 19T 298 245 246 251 297 35 Appendix Table A-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexicot Texas. E = egg; L - larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. TEXAS Rio Grande River through Corpus Christi Bay to Freepovt through Sabine Family - Species Laguna Madre Freeport River E L i A U E I i A U L i A U Sciaenidae, - drums Silver perch (Bairdiella chr7sura) 25 32 24 125 25 24 68 4 81 1T6 69 32 34 46 97 25 80 231 226 143 34 119 125 88 98 231 191 249 145 97 105 212 217 145 124 214 232 128 227 168 228 244 251 Sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) 34 31 24 25 68 4 59 91 20 46 32 25 80 124 81 229 54 33 8o 97 168 91 55 249 97 145 244 191 69 125 251 26o 226 193 127 227 212 145 229 214 151 231 225 251 Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) 217 32 31 33 152 26 35 33 4 35 4 54 34 32 102 217 35 37 68 37 35 69 35 34 116 37 38 80 38 37 116 36 35 118 38 40 98 4o 4o 193 37 36 244 4o 41 105 41 41 212 38 37 274 41 42 116 42 42 214 39 38 42 56 124 81 143 225 4o 39 56 57 155 143 144 227 41 4o 57 58 168 144 192 229 42 41 58 97 244 191 233 274 46 42 97 151 257 192 259 113 46 125 178 26o 226 261 114 113 151 179 2T4 259 115 114 152 180 261 119 115 178 183 21T 119 179 196 249 249 180 245 259 183 246 188 247 196 251 197 259 217 245 246 247 251 259 Spot (Leiostomus xanthurusT 34 25 32 24 65 24 97 68 4 54 59 20 217 31 34 114 80 25 98 59 59 91 55 34 46 244 21T 57 105 91 69 147 119 46 119 80 124 213 81 176 143 119 249 88 168 88 213 144 217 97 IT9 91 226 212 249 125 244 14T 214 127 176 128 191 145 213 151 225 155 226 217 227 229 230 287 Southern kingfish (Menticirrhus americanus) 125 97 97 80 88 20 125 99 214 69 124 227 116 168 191 183 212 244 229 36 Appendix Table A-References to life staRes of selected recreational fishes In estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico:'-Tew'as. E ; egg; -L I larva; J - juvenile; A - adult; U unspecified.. TEXAS 11 TT1 Rio Grande River through Corpus Christi Bay to Freeport through Sabine Family - Species_ Laguna Madre - Freeport River E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U Minkfish (Menticirrhus focaliger) Black drum (Pogonlas cromis) 250 32 32 35 31 250 65 35 35 80 h 35 35 54 34 34 36 33 125 37 37 98 37 37 69 65 36 37 102 152 38 38 105 38 4o 116 217 37 38 n6 217 4o 4o 116 4o 41 193 38 39 118 41 41 244 41 42 212 39 40 24o 42 42 251 42 1T6 225 4o 41 244 56 56 25T 81 192 227 41 42 5T 58 26o 143 259 229 42 113 58 9T 144 261 46 114 9T 151 lT6 113 115 151 178 191 115 119 152 179 192 249 259 178 183 214 250 179 188 226 259 18o 196 259 183 217 261 188 245 196 246 197 247 217 259 245 246 247 259 Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus) 34 P-5 25 24 65 24 24 56 4 20 4 55 65 31 32 33 66 25 25 68 59 54 35 143 32 35 102 125 57 35 :98 69 59 54 144 34 46 113 217 65 57 105 91 69 69 193 46 259 114 251. 66 8o 124 147 81 79 212 65 119 80 97 151 191 88 81 244 .97 129 168 213 91 91 249 127 145 179 147 141 129 178 188 176 176 145 257 196 191 191 155 259 107 213 192 217 244 225 226 251 245 226 227 246 227 229 257 229 231 26o 230 259 231 261 233 287 Red drum (Sciaertops ocelleta) 36 31 31 102 65 35 35 98 4 35 4 54 217 32 32 116 1215 37 37 99 37 35 116 34 33 118 152 38 38 116 38 37 193 35 35 178 4o 4o 128 4o 38 212 36 36 217 41 41 155 41 40 214 37 37 42 42 257 42 41 22T 38 38 6 56 26o 81 42 229 39 39 4" 58 143 144 4o 4o 19 144 192 2; 197 41 41 51 191 226 42, 42 152 178 192 259 46 113 178 179 226 261 65 114 179 183 231 113 115 18o 196 259 114 119 183 245 261 115 142 188 246 119 249 196 247 217 250 197 250 249 259 217 251 250 293 245 259 259 246 247 250 251 259 37 Appendix Table A,--References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Texas. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U unspecified. TEXAS I II III Rio Grande River through Corpus Christi Bay to Freeport through Sabine Family - Species Laguna Madre Freeport River E L i A U _E L i A U E L i A U Ephippidae - spadefishes Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber) 65 32 125 24 65 68 4 4 20 97 88 80 69 191 125 97 168 81 212 88 227 226 231 Mugilidae - mullets Striped mullet (Migil cephalus) 97 31 31 32 26 25 145 68 4 4 20 97 46 102 65 9T 243 80 88 226 54 119 97 105 97 98 99 91 69 119 114 98 120 105 214 143 190 125 126 124 225 144 249 273 128 168 226 191 145 190 212 217 251 227 232 246 273 White mullet (Mugil curema) 97 97 9T 32 26 97 98 226 176 54 46 97 125 99 228 225 212 249 125 232 168 226 190 227 228 Fantail mullet (Mugil trichodon) Sphyraenidae - barracudas Guaguanche (Sphyraena guachancho) 15 97 lo6 125 Great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) 125 Northern sennet (Sphyraena borealis 125 Scombridae - mackerels and tunas Little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) 32 257 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) 34 32 125 125 97 68 227 212 46 102 125 168 229 249 183 257 Bothidae - lefteye flounders Gulf flounders (Paralichthys albigut a) 32 125 251 97 14 69 1.19 125 151 212 249 38 Appendix Table A.--References to life stages of 6elected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Texas. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U unspecified. Rio Grande River through Corpus Christi Bay to Freeport through Sabine Family - Species Laguna Madre Freeport River E L i A U E L i A U E L J A U Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigna 25 31 102 1.25 24 35 14 59 4 4 14 31 34 119 35 42 68 191 35 35 69 32 35 249 37 56 80 37 42 193 34 36 38 5T 98 38 59 212 35 39 46 58 124 4o 192 214 3T 42 41 97 128 41 259 225 38 46 42 151 168 42 261 227 39 113 56 178 183 59 231 4o 3.15 57 179 81 41 142 58 188 88 42 259 97 196 143 46 145 245 144 113 151 246 191 115 178 24T 192 259 179 251 259 180 259 261 188 196 197 245 246 247 251 259 Balistidae triggerfishes and filefishes Gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus Orange filefish (Aluterus schoePfi 249 125 Tetraodontidae - puffers Southern puffer (Sphoeroides nephelus) 119 24 15 226 20 249 25 68 229 69 125 124 143 217 127 191 251 212 214 225 227 39 Appendix Table B.-References to life stages of selected recreational fishis in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. E = egg; L - larva; J juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI ALAJBAMA IV V VI VII Family-Species West of Mississippi River East of Mississippi River Mississippi Cgast Alabama Coast E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U Orectolobidae - carpet sharks Nurse shark (Gin! stoma cirratum) Carcharhinidae - requiem sharks Finetooth shark (Aprionodon isodon) 6o 266 295 Blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotwa) 6o 266 295 Bull shark (Carcharhinus Leuc-ET 49 74 202 75 87 6o 295 74 Blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) 6o 295 266 Sandbar shark (Carcharhinus milberti) Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizo ionodon terr=ae) 295 295 Sphyrnidae - hammerhead sharks Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna levini= a. @--T- 6o 295 Great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran 295 Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) 90 6o 295 266 Other hammerheads (Sphyrna spp.) 6o Elopidae - tarpons Ladyfish (Elops saurus) 121 220 T8 121 T4 90 6o 267 266 295 202 248 89 75 158 295 267 107 220 295 294 248 Tarpon (Meg:tlop:) atl. ic 202 90 6o 266 295 210 Bonefish (Albula vulpes) Clupeidae - herrings Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) 89 295 Skipjack herring (Alosa chrysochloris 82 219 218 87 295 220 220 121 Ariidae - sea catfishes Sea catfish (Arius felis) 82 82 82 78 220 74 74 87 90 go 6o 194 194 194 223 219 219 219 89 75 75 121 266 266 268 220 220 220 121 220 220 267 267 218 295 295 282 283 4o Appendix Table B.-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. LOUISIANA MfSSISSIPPI ALABAMA IV V VI VII Family-Species West of Mississippi River Fast of Mississippi River Mississippi Coast E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U Gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus 96 219 82 96 T8 220 220 74 8,,, 158 60 267 194 266 268 220 96 202 89 220 121 266 267 219 220 107 24l 295 295 220 121 218 282 283 294 Centropomidae - snooks Tarpon snook (Centropomus pectinatus) Snook (cent undec=S7 Percichthyidae temperate basses Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) 6o 266 I'T2 295 Serranidae - sea basses Southern Bea bass (Centropristis melanaT Rock sea bass (Centr . t' s pr'-s I philadel,hi.a) 82 185 283 185 185 90 158 6o 266 266 185 220 220 295 295 Jewfish (E)3inegbelus a itaJara) Gag (Mycteroperca microlepis) 295 295 Red grouper (Epin niphelus morio Pomatomidae - bluefishes Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) 82 220 E@q 6o 295 266 220 Rachycentridae - cobies Cobia. (Rachycentron canadumT 82 6o 266 295 Carangidae jacks and pompanos Blue runner (Caranx crysos) 220 89 90 6o 266 Crevalle Jack (Caranx hippos 96 78 74 37 90 6o 266 219 89 75 121 267 220 121 220 295 202 218 283 294 Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) 41 Appendix Table B.-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico-. Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; L = larva; U = unspecified. LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI ALABAMA IV V VI VII Family-Species West of Mississippi River East of Mississippi River Mississippi Coast Alabama Coast E L j A U E L i A U E L i A U E L IN A -U Florida pomppLno (Trachinotus carolinus) 21 T8 220 87 6o 266 82 89 295 220 202 Permit (Trachinotus falcatus) 89 6o 266 295 Lutjanidae - snappers Red snapper (L.tj anus campechanus 6o 266 295 295 Gray snapper (Lutj anus &rieu.-F 220 283 220 158 6o 266 267 295 Lane snapper 82 6o 266 220 295 Lobotidae tripletaila Tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) 220 11 11 295 295 11 12 6o 89 202 Gerreidae - mojarras Striped mojarra (Dia t a p4l V-@e:7 Pomadasyidse - grants Tomtate Haemulon aurolineatum) 266 White grunt (Haemulon plumieri Pigfiab (Orthopristis chrysoptera) 82 82 go 6o 295 266 220 Sparidae - porgies Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) 82 82 78 87 75 116 90 6o 266 267 268 219 219 89 87 121 158 267 295 116 241 121 202 218 294 Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboid 202 82 82 51 74 74 51 go 90 51 267 267 267 51 ,as 219 219 78 75 75 87 158 6o 295 295 136 220 220 82 220 220 121 209 223 121 241 266 218 294 42 Appendix Table B.-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico; Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. E = egg; L = larva; J = Juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI ALABAMA IV V VT VTI Family-Species West of Mississippi River East of ML-ssissippi River Mississippi Coast Alabama Coast E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U Sciaenidae - drums Silver perch (Bairdiella ch;Taura 202 82 82 78 74 74 87 90 159 6o 266 267 267 96 96 89 75 75 121 159 209 295 295 202 220 121 220 220 167 219 218 241 220 283 294 Sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) 202 82 82 78 74 74 87 61 61 6o 266 267 96 218 89 75 75 j.16 158 158 267 295 218 219 107 220 220 3.21 295 219 220 116 3.67 220 121 282 283 294 Spotted seatrout n(%20-sicu-io-75 74 74 78 87 87 i16 90 158 6o 266 295 116 75 75 89 220 220 121 158 116 267 268 82 82 116 264 167 210 295 274 88 96 121 274 96 187 218 219 202 274 220 220 282 239 283 Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) 121 82 96 78 73 73 74 87 go go 6o 267 136 201 223 202 88 121 89 213 74 75 167 158 158 205 201 266 268 96 218 107 75 121 :?41 209 266 267 289 121 219 282 121 213 267 295 202 220 283 213 220 295 218 294 220 263 219 263 220 Southern kingfish (Menticirrhus americanus) 202 82 82 78 220 220 87 90 158 6o 266 266 219 220 89 116 158 116 295 220 96 167 2o6 116 241 218 283 Minkfish (Menticirrhus 6o 266 L.c7i--r T- 82 218 87 87 &e 295 Black drum (Pogonias cromis) 75 202 89 T4 74 116 6o 267 295 266 219 220 107 220 220 121 295 220 116 167 282 283 294 Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulat..7 96 5 82 89 73 73 75 167 61 61 6o 201 201 201 136 121 78 121 107 74 74 87 241 lo8 90 209 266 266 223 156 82 218 283 75 75 121 208 2o8 267 267 289 202 88 219 294 121 87 213 211 295 295 282 96 220 213 121 220 121 265 213 265 156 220 202 265 218 219 220 282 43 Apnendix Table B.-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI ALABAMA IV V VT VII Family-Species West of Mississippi River East Of Mississippi River Mississippi Coast Alabama Coast E L-- J A U E L i A U E L i A U E L J A T-- Red drum (Sciaeno s e llat. 74 116 @ T4 22 22 116 90 238 6o 266 268 75 75 283 87 23 167 158 116 220 202 294 220 87 238 2@8 238 Ephippidae - spadefishes Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber) 82 82 82 78 220 220 87 6o 266 267 219 220 89 121 209 267 295 220 121 241 295 202 218 282 Mugilidae - mullets Striped mullet (Magil cephalus 121 75 75 78 121 74 74 87 90 go 90 6o 267 266 266 116 220 88 121 89 220 121 121 116 158 lo8 116 267 267 223 121 202 107 220 220 167 210 210 207 295 295 289 219 219 218 241 209 220 220 294 WUite mullet (Mugil curema) 121 go go 6o 267 266 295 282 210 209 267 Fantkil mullet (Muil trichodon) Sphyraenidae - barracudas Guaguanche (Sphyraena guachancho) 220 6o 266 Great barracuda (SpAyraena 82 6o go 295 220 266 Northern sennet (Spb,yraena Lor.ali-T 89 6o 266 295 Scombridae - mackerels and tunas Little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) 295 King mackerel (ScomberomoruB cavalla) 220 6o 266 295 295 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomortis maculatus) 82 82 89 220 87 6o 266 219 202 295 220 218 Bothidae - lefteye flounders Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) 220 220 89 90 6o 266 282 295 Southern flounder ht4s (= a 202 82 82 74 .1 igma) 78 74 87 76 76 6o 267 267 266 219 202 96 75 75 121 209 295 295 220 219 121 220 220 241 220 218 282 294 44 Appendix Table B.-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. E = egg; L = larva; J juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI ALABAMA IV V VI M Family-Species West of Mississippi River East of Mississippi River Mississippi Coast Alabama Coast E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U Balistidae - triggerfishes and filefishes Gray triggerfish (Balistes capi-iscus) 6o 295 Orange filefish (Aluterus R-@@h-- 6o 266 @.ef 71 295 Tetraodontidae - puffers Southern puffer (Sphoeroides nephelus) 219 89 220 8T 6o 266 220 202 295 218 282 45 Appendix Table C.-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: -Florida. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. FLORIDA Vill Ix X XI Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Lighthouse Point to Anclote Anclote Key to Cape Romano Cape Romano to Florida Bay Family-Species Point Key E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U_ Orectolobidae - carpet sharks Nurse shark lGin -ostoma , EL _ir@atumT 288 258 131 278 Carcharhinidae - requiem sharks Finetooth shark (Aprionodon isodon) 146 l8i 181 62 288 182 182 Blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotus) 181 181 182 50 181 182 7 288 181 Bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) 288 181 181 258 258 203 2A Blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) 146 146 181 181 T 236 237 288 288 182 182 258 275 216 278 Sandbar shark (Carcharhinus milberti) 146 181 181 288 Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) 146 181 l81 T 288 182 182 Sphyrnidae - hammerhead sharks Scalloped hammerhead (S na levini=S.,diplana 146 181 224 181 256 288 182 Great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 16 7 Bonnethead (Sphyrns, tiburo) 224 224 216 195 181 88 7 163 131 182 292 93 258 Orther hammerheads (Sphyrna spp.) 146 181 224 181 288 Flopidae - tarpons Ladyfish (Elops saurus) 281 146 288 112 149 94 83 8 7 203 117 236 63 288 116 195 181 292 84 30 2o4 163 131 181 302 182 88 45 236 203 150 182 lo4 162 23T 204 242 222 173 278 236 274 224 262 237 258 278 292 Tarpon (Megalops atiantica; 280 146 153 88 45 278 117 2T5 131 281 181 181 258 262 203 134 182 182 279 2o4 237 288 215 236 242 275 278 Bonefish (Albula vulpes) 288 236 46 Appendix Table C-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Florida. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. FLORIDA Viii IX X XI Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Lighthouse Point to Anclote Anclote Key to Cape Romano Cape Romano to Florida Bay Family-Species Point Key E L i A U E_ L i - A _U_ L i A U E L i A U_ Clupeidae -'herrings Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) 157 157 A5 186 186 Skipjack herring (Alosa chrysochloris Ariidae - sea catfishes Sea catfish'(Arius felis) 281 281 2 112 70 195 195 195 95 292 292 8 8 7 236 163 163 63 288 146 146 137 173 84 30 85 173 173 131 281 281 165 181 lo4 84 88 203 203 23T 288 288 181 182 292 104 93 2A 182 292 1.62 236 1.64 173 Gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus) 281 281 146 112 137 195 195 195 5)4 258 lo4 88 7 203 236 203 117 288 281 146 181 215 95 292 258 93 23T 2A 275 288 281 184 224 181 292 ,!62 237 277 288 216 182 278 302 Centropomidae - Bnooks Tarpon snook (Centr MF pectinnatu.s) 2o4 Snook (Cent UB 21@_M 0MUB unde.iji. 288 67 181 1-53 8 8 7 117 163 131 182 84 84 19 163 17T 2o4 299 88 io4 30 1TT 236 23T lo4 235 45 236 2T8 242 177 285 85 278 2T5 234 292 173 290 2TT 258 198 290 262 292 279 Percichthyidae - temperate basses Striped bass (Morone saxatilis 10 10 Serranidae - sea basses Southern sea bass (Cent i ti nq,r a melana 112 112 181 1T3 173 181 258 285 7 161 299 199 195 195 182 292 292 :173 163 200 224 224 302 Rock sea bass (Cent JZ=stis ic.7 165 2 2 112 Jevfish (Epinephelus itaJara) 112 50 99 99 162 203 278 11T 292 258 236 131 262 278 134 2A 2.3T 253 275 Gag,(Wcteroperca microlepis) 2 2 182 195 169 7 163 131 112 224 273 173 150 299 292 278 Red grouper (Ephinephelus morio) 2 112 181 181 273 262 216 182 l82 292 47 Appendix Table C-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico; Florida. E = egg; L = larva; J = Juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. FLORIDA VIII Ix X XI Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Lighthouse Point to Anclote Anclote Key to Cape Romano Cape Romano to Florida Bay Family-Species Point Key E L L -A -- U E L i --A U E L i A U E L i A U Pomatomidae - bluefishes Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) 184 146 112 195 94 3 3 T 288 li6 181 258 116 13T 182 292 262 153 224 181 182 200 Rachycentridae- cobias Cobia (Rachycentro- canadum) TT 112 181 195 224 181 8 T 236 131 112 182 182 84 23T 146 2T8 Carangidae-jacks and pompanos Blue runner (Caranx crysos 2 17 112 181 7 163 131 146 116 182 255 278 288 i8l 258 182 262 199 200 216 Crevalle Jack (Caranx: hippos) 2 112 70 195 224 94 8 7 163 203 117 146 116 224 95 88 85 203 236 131 281 13T 181 io4 l16 2o4 27 134 165 182 234 253 236 173 181 258 255 237 182 273 L>62 275 199 292 279 200 288 Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) 112 F (14@=ano carolinus) 2 137 195 195 181 lo4 86 7 278 3.12 181 182 273 18 146 182 262 Permit (Trachinctus falcataj- 165 53 T 86 234 88 173 149 173 262 163 173 N 236 195 lo4 173 273 292 Lutjanidae-snappers Red snapper (LutJanus campechanus) 2 137 112 288 Gray snapper (Lutjanus 7 71 71 Zrige-7- 2 112 70 149 195 173 8 8 48 112 137 195 182 84 84 So 163 163 63 146 165 224 285 88 292 4T 203 203 64 281 lo4 116 2A 2o4 117 288 258 173 236 236 131 292 262 2T8 134 279 150 173 237 242 275 277 48 Appendix Table.C.-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Florida. E = egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. FLORIDA VIII Ix X X1 Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Lighthouse Point to Anclote Anclote Key to Cape Romano Cape Romano to Florida Bay Family-Species Point Key E L i A U E L i A U- E L J- A U E L J A- U Lane snapper (LutJanus synagris) 2 224 lo4 292 7 163 278 63 234 88 236 64 258 S)3 275 131 292 132 278 173 173 237 262 276 Lobotidae- tripletails Tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) 112 11 195 11 292 ll 236 97 258 2T8 299 Gerreidae- mojarras Striped mojarra (D ap eFs pl Letri 30 8 T 203 163 173 lo4 30 45 2o4 203 237 244 84 162 236 204 278 258 lo4 236 291 273 244 292 258 273 292 Pomadasyidae- grunts Tontate (Haemulon aurolineatum) 112 112 224 292 163 163 278 White grunt (Haemulon plumieri) 2 2 165 53 5@4 258 7 163 163 237 112 181 195 95 292 262 236 275 182 224 181 279 278 216 182 Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera) 281 112 112 137 53 173 'l 8 8 7 63 163 64 5 146 1.65 94 1151 84 84 47 163 278 131 184 181 95 182 88 173 85 236 173 215 182 149 302 lo4 292 93 278 23T 281 199 173 173 162 275 200 195 222 164 224 258 262 292 Sparidae-porgies Sheepshead (Archosargus p atocephalus) 112 112 2 149 19 17 30 8 7 117 117 63 288 146 137 195 149 ?4 1A 17 47 203 236 64 288 165 195 lBl 258 84 85 236 278 131 18l 224 1B2 273 88 93 278 173 182 292 273 116 204 162 23T 164 242 :173 277 '198 253 :255 262 :279 :285 49 Appendix Table C-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Florida. E egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. FLORIDA VIII Ix X XI Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Lighthouse Point to Anclote Anclote Key to Cape Romano Cape Romano to Florida Bay Family-Species Point Key E L i A U E L i A U E I i A U E L i A U Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) 51 Ill 2 1 1 1 181 8 8 7 63 163 51 111 112 70 51 51 182 28 28 93 109 173 64 112 184 137 53 94 209 29 84 145 163 236 131 146 288 145 94 95 30 lo4 162 173 275 150 281 165 95 149 51 173 164 20@ 278 237 20 288 181 149 173 84 258 198 236 301 182 173 195 85 292 253 278 199 195 302 88 255 200 215 lo4 262 216 224 173 276 302 222 258 292 Sciaenidae-drums Silver perch (Bairdiella 2 2 TO 1 1 1 51 8 8 7 141 163 163 63 146 112 165 53 53 53 153 84 30 93 203 173 173 64 281 146 184 94 94 302 88 84 162 2o4 2A 203 275 281 199 95 95 lo4 88 164 236 236 301 200 14q 14q 173 1A 254 237 237 216 173 173 222 173 255 278 278 195 195 258 292 279 215 215 292 224 224 Sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius 2 281 112 14q 94 103 lo4 7 141 163 236 237 281 288 146 195 95 1A 273 116 165 215 166 222 292 162 166 224 181 258 164 181 182 273 173 182 200 292 184 199 200 Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulOSUB) 2 2 70 1 17 94 8 8 7 141 117 117 48 112 112 116 53 18 95 30 17 93 236 139 139 63 146 187 137 149 19 116 84 18 116 163 173 131 184 281 165 153 153 166 1A 19 122 173 203 134 281 288 166 173 173 181 173 84 162 203 2A 237 288 181 ?87 187 182 187 138 164 2o4 278 242 199 189 189 274 258 173 198 236 274 200 195 195 285 273 187 255 278 275 224 302 292 273 262 277 292 274 285 279 285 Spot (Leiostomus x lUrUBT 112 2 2 116 95 51 95 94 30 8 8 7 141 278 275 281 72 112 165 95 173 116 148 26 84 93 163 112 184 181 149 195 153 258 30 104 116 278 184 281 182 173 302 181 273 84 173 162 281 288 199 195 182 85 273 164 288 200 215 88 223 224 lo4 302 173 222 258 273 292 Southern kingfish IM:nti.cirrhus am .ic us) 2 146 116 195 195 95 lo4 1A 7 141 163 163 173 146 165 215 224 173 258 222 88 181 224 181 292 292 162 182 182 164 184 173 199 200 50 Appendix Table C-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Florida. E egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. FLORIDA VIII IX X XI Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Lighthouse Point to Anclote Anclote Key to Cape Romano Cape Romano to Florida Bay Family-Species Point Key L i A U E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U Minkfish (Menticirrhus L. 222 7 Sa @ie rT 112 112 181 181 146 182 182 258 28 281 200 lo4 Black drum (Pogonias cromis) 146 112 70 14q 1.81 8 273 T 141 236 163 23T 137 l82 84 292 85 278 242 181 lo4 162 275 182 258 164 2T7 250 273 198 292 Atlantic croaker (Micr=on undul 281 liO 2 137 195 195 3.53 lo4 88 88 7 236 237 ill ill 165 215 215 181 lo4 164 275 146 112 181 182 222 278 184 146 182 302 258 281 281 199 292 288 288 200 223 Red drum (Scia ocellsta 146 112 70 149 94 30 8 17 7 141 117 117 48 281 288 116 195 95 17 88 28 203 14o 14o 63 288 137 116 19 273 47 2T5 203 2T5 131 165 153 30 85 2o4 278 173 181 181 84 116 236 300 242 182 182 88 162 23T 200 :215 lo4 164 278 @301 222 173 258 198 273 262 292 279 Ephippidae- spadefishes Atlantic spadefish (Chaeodipterus faber) 2 2 165 14q 195 94 258 8 17 7 163 163 63 112 112 181 195 95 104 258 84 236 236 131 146 288 182 215 173 258 292 86 278 278 173 281 184 224 181 292 88 237 288 200 182 93 275 216 162 164 173 234 262 Mugilidae- mullets Striped mullet (MuRil cephalus) 72 2 2 70 95 43 43 94 84 a 8 7 133 88 63 112 '9 43 116 149 44 44 116 lo4 28 27 30 163 163 117 146 43 44 119 224 95 133 135 222 84 29 45 173 173 131 281 44 72 135 133 173 181 258 lo4 84 47 236 236 1 0 72 122 137 149 195 182 273 133 85 116 278 A 1-12 133 181 173 286 173 133 122 237 133 281 182 195 258 173 135 275 215 288 200 273 273 164 281 216 292 286 262 288 292 272 279 White nwIlet (MuRii curema) 146 2 2 70 14q 149 181 88 8 258 7 88 88 131 281 146 112 18.1 195 182 io4 28 30 163 163 150 281 182 84 116 278 236 216 88 262 23T 288 lo4 2T2 2T5 258 279 273 292 51 Appendix Table C-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Florida, E egg; L = larva; J = juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. FLORIDA VIII Ix X XI Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Lighthouse Point to Anclote Anclote Key to Cape Romano Cape Romano to Florida Bay Family-Species Point Key E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U E L i A U Fantail mullet (Magil trichodon) 2 149 173 258 8 8 7 163 163 84 84 272 173 173 173 173 234 258 258 273 Sphyraenidae- .barracudas Guaguanche (Sphyraena guachancho) Great barracuda en '=daa) b 112 112 2 288 149 153 258 18 63 224 203 131 2o4 237 236 2T5 278 Northern sennet (Sphyraena borealis) 2 112 182 258 112 292 281 299 Scombridae- mackerels and tunas Little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) 112 112 173 King mackerel (mr- s 112 181 153 116 236 237 182 181 258 216 182 288 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) 146 112 116 195 195 94 258 273 7 242 281 288 137 153 273 116 275 181 173 292 262 278 182 181 182 200 224 Bothidae- lefteye flounders Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) 112 a 2 137 95 195 94 8 8 7 163 163 63 112 112 146 14q 173 28 84 42 236 236 237 288 288 165 195 181 84 lo4 47 181 215 182 88 130 85 182 224 222 222 93 200 258 258 164 216 292 292 173 198 254 279 Southern flounder (Paralicht3s ma lethostigma) 2 2 165 181 88 278 112 112 181 182 lo4 281 146 182 215 288 288 216 302 52 Appendix Table C-References to life stages of selected recreational fishes in estuarine areas of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Florida. E egg; L = larva; J - juvenile; A = adult; U = unspecified. FLORIDA VIII Ix X XI Perdido Bay to Lighthouse Lighthouse Point to Anclote Anclote Key to Cape Romano Cape Romano to Florida Bay Family-Species Point Key E L i A U E L J __A _U- E L i A U E L i A U- Balistidae- triggerfis.hes and filefishes Gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus 112 112 181 l8l 258 236 23T 182 182 199 Orange filefish (Aluterus schoepfi) 112 112 165 195 195 94 258 258 93 236 163 275 2 81 95 292 292 173 278 278 Tetraodontidae- puffers Southern puffer (SDhoeroides nephelus) 2 2 165 53 195 94 8 8 7 236 88 163 63 112 112 182 95 173 84 84 0 163 236 131 146 149 18:? 88 292 1!@2 236 278 173 281 195 lo4 162 278 237 288 224 222 164 275 258 173 292 DATE DUE- GAYLORD No. 2333 PRINTEDIMU.S.A. 3 6668 1,1106 8603 53