    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                                        LINKED
                                                                               RIVERFRONT
                                                                                         PARKS
                                                                                     PROJECT

                                CITY OF DETROIT RECREATION DEPARTMENT      SCHERVISH VOGEL MFRZ PC

                                                               October 31, 1979

                                                               Mr. Leon Atchison, Director
                                                               Recreation Department
                                                               20th Floor, Water Board Building
                                                               Detroit, Michigan 48226
                               SCHERVISH                       Dear Mr. Atchison:
                               VOGEL                           Schervish, Vogel, Merz is pleased to present this report with its recommendations
                               MERZ PC                         for the design and implementation of the Linked Riverfront Parks Project (LRPP).
                               Architects                      Our firm entered this study sharing your vision of dynamic redevelopment for
                               Landscape Architects            Detroit's waterfront.              Over the last year our enthusiasm has intensified for what
                                                               we absolutely believe is a rare and unique opportunity for Detroit.
                               1452 Randolph Street
                               Detroit Michigan                The LRPP, once complete, will provide access to and use alonq the riverfront
                               48226                           stretching from downtown's Hart Plaza to Belle Isle.                           The parks are designed to
                               313 963 5610                    be exciting and will include water-falls, a water-play sculpture, plazas, a
                                                               riverfront amphitheatre, tour boat stops, sunken aardens, and a natural island
                               Members                         formed by a transient marina canal.                   The links will establish an opportunity for
                               AIA ASLA                        the preservation of the tradition and flavor of the riverfront including the many
                                                               existing industries in the area. An attitude of flexibility to change over time
                                                               in order to meet the needs and aspirations of the community has been maintained.
                                                               The LRPP has been programmed to act as a catalyst for future private development
                                                               for many years to come.

                                                               The project has raised many issues that require resolution.                               We have used our best
                  P-7                                          professional judgement in making the assumptions upon which our conclusions and
                   @,_Z                                        design decisions are based.               In order to proceed, a clear commitment is needed to
                   Llf@                                        develop the LRPP in principle and act on its recommendations.
                  '2E                                          The real challenge yet remains, and it will only be met because of the continued
                                                               foresight and coordinated efforts of yourself, the Mayor's Office, the City
                                                               Council, the various city, state and federal agencies, and the very momentum that
                    TOM                                        this project is gaining.

                                                               The LRPP must not be allowed to become static. It represents an enormous
                                                               opportunity for the people of Detroit.

                                                               Very truly yours,
                                                               SCHE      H, VOGEL, MER            P.C.

                                                               Dav    W. Scher               SLA                                                                       CSC
                                                               Project Manager                                                                                                      -b
                                                               V
                                                               e      ru'      ours
                                                                ry@Hy,         y
                                                               SC rHE          VOrGEL     ERS     P.C.
                                                                      W.
                                                                           S   ,    i
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                                                                                               CITY OF DETROIT
                                                                                                 COLEMAN A. YOUNG, MAYOR

                                                                               RECREATION DEPARTMENT
                                                                                                 LEON H. ATCHISON, DIRECTOR
                                                                                                        735 RANDOLPH STREET
                                                                                                       WATERBOARD BUILDING
                                                                                                    DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48226
                                                 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
                                                                                MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

                                                                          SCHERVISH VOGEL MERZ PC
                                                                                          ARCHITECTS / LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
                                                                                                       1452 RANDOLPH STREET
                                                                                                    DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48226

                                                                                                              OCTOBER, 1979

                               LINKED RIVERFRONT PARKS PROJECT

                                                                This report was funded in part through financial assistance
                                                                                                    provided by the Off ice of:
                                                                                     COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
                                                                         National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                                                                                    United States Department of Commerce

                                                            through funds provided under the Coostol Zone Management
                                                                                Act of 1972 (PL 92-583) and administered by:
                                                             MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
                                                                                        Division of Land Resources Programs
                                                                  Ch6s Shafer, In Charge, Coastal Zone Management Unit
                                                                                        David Warner, Project Representative

                                                                        THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
                                                                                              THE FOLLOWING CONSULTANTS:
                                                                            SCHIMPELLR-CORRADINO ASSOCIATES
                                                                                                    Traffic & Civil Engineering
                                                                                     SNELL ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP
                                                                                               Marine & Seawall Engineering
                                                                                                 ROCHON ASSOCIATES
                                                                                                   Presentation & Renderings

                                 "London has its Thames, Paris, the Seine, Rome, the Tiber, and
                                 New York, the Hudson; but in everything the Detroit excels them
                                 all."

                                                                     From Silas Farmer's
                                                                     "History of Detroit"
                                                                     1884

                 FORWARD        tvery great city has a unique feature which historically
                                has been the basis of its concept as an urban design
                                phenomenon. Venice with its canals, Paris with the Seine
                                and Rome with its hills and the Tiber come readily to inind.
                                What of Detroit?

                                In the midst of its renaissance, the one distinguishing
                                feature Detroit possesses, the Detroit River, is also being
                                rediscovered by the project proposed herein. So long
                                abused and ignored, this great waterway, in any meaningful
                                urban design concept, must be re-established as the physi-
                                cal image of the city.

                                The concept herein proposed by the firm of Schervish,
                                Vogel, Merz, P.C. is a noble attempt to accomplish this
                                essential goal. As such, it is the most important project
                                existent in our entire urban region. While others concen-
                                trate upon the "inlanders" of our historical perspective,
                                this project "stands upon a different mountain" so that the
                                myopia of the past may be removed from our view. For this
                                perspective, those involved, the Recreation Department, the
                                Mayor's Office, and the architects-landscape architects-
                                planners must be applauded.

                                If we cannot perceive the simple imperative that "our"
                                river is the single most important physical attribute we
                                possess, we will have lost again the core of a unique
                                image.  Let us hope that at last we will again be allowed
                                the ri. t to come into intimate contact with what belongs
                                to      I - th st ait after which Detroit is named.

                                Bruno Leon, FAIA, Chairman
                                Urban Design Committee
                                Detroit Chapter
                                American Institute of Architects

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      I                                                                     INTRODUCTION
      I                                                                PROJECT LINK AREA      I
                                                                             CHENE NODE       2
      1                                                                  MT ELLIOTT NODE      3
      1                                                                    IMPLEMENTATION    4
                                                                                 SUMMARY
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      I                                     TABLE OF CONTENTS
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                                           ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

                                           Schervish, Vogel, Merz is extremely grateful to all the
                                           individuals and agencies who contributed information
                                           valuable in the preparation of this report. We would
                                           especially like to thank Harriet Saperstein, who has contin-
                                           ually shown confidence in this project and our recommenda-
                                           tions, even during times of frustration.

                                           Michigan Department of             City Council Historic              Wayne State University
                                           Natural Resources:                 Desination Advisory Board          Dr. Leonard Leone
                                           Coastal Zone Management            William Worden                     Dr. Arthur Johnson
                                           Chris Shafer
                                           David Warner                       Huron-Clinton                      Ford Motor Land
                                                                              Metropolitan Authority             Development Corporation
                                           Recreation Department              Richard Chadwick			 Wayne Doran
                                           Leon Atchison                                                         Joseph Derkowski
                                           Daniel Krichbaum                   Army Corps of Engineers            William Wise
                                           Harriet Saperstein                 Walter Bruno
                                           Edward Viall                                                          Warehouse District
                                           Joseph Eckert                      University of Michigan             Association
                                           John Jones                         Coastal Zone Laboratory            Marcia Cron
                                           Les Toth                           John Armstrong                     David Garish
                                                                              David Robbins
                                           Planning   Department                                                 Medusa Cement Company
                                           Anthony DeVito                     Economic Growth                    Howard Simpson
                                           Robert Hoffman                     Corporation
                                           Julie Sabit                                                           Black & Veatch
                                                                              Louis Miller                       Robert Pearce

                                           Community and Economic
                                           Development Department             Detroit Renaissance                The Taubman Company
                                           Emmett Noten				  Robert McCabe				 Daniel Cronin
                                           William Deane Smith                Richard Ferris
                                           Robert Holland                                                        Lauhoff Corporation
                                           Alex Pollack                       U.S. Coast Guard                   George Lauhoff
                                           Carl Amblad                        Capt. Richard Abraham              Charles Lauhoff
                                           Candyce Sweda
                                                                              AIA Urban Design                   Warner-Lambert
                                           Transportation Department          Committee                          (Parke-Davis)
                                           Samuel Lawson                      Bruno Leon                         Brent Friedlander
                                                                              Charles Blessing
                                           City Planning Comission            James Hawkins                      Federal Marine Terminals
                                           Joseph Sterns                      William Kessler                    Daniel McCarthy

                            PLANNING AND DESIGN TEAM

                            RECREATION DEPARTMENT
                            Harriet Saperstein, Principal Planner
                            Edward Viall, Chief Landscape Architect

                            SCHERVISH, VOGEL, MERZ
                            David Schervish, Project Manager/
                                 Project Landscape Architect
                            Stephen Vogel, Project Architect
                            Charles Merz, Project Architect
                            Kenneth Berendt, Design Co-ordinator
                            Rainy Hamilton, Jr.
                            Randall Machelski
                            Joseph Odoerfer
                            George W. Steinrock, Jr.

                            SCHIMPELER-CORRADINO ASSOCIATES
                            Joseph Corradino, P.E.
                            Richard Moore, P.E.
                            Stephen Beard
                            David Dries, P.E.
                            James McDonald, ASLA

                            SNELL ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP
                            John O'Malia, P.E.
                            Donald Emery, P.E.
                            Ron Woolfe
                            Al Halbeisen
                            Susan Buqher
                            Dr. Sam Nalluswani
                            James Walker
                            Roy Wilson

                            ROCHON ASSOCIATES
                            Richard Rochon

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     I                                         INTRODUCTION

               PROLOGU[      Historically, the Detroit River has been underutilized as a
                             natural resource. Industrial and port activities have been
                             the primary users of the riverfront for the last century.
                             It is recognized that these users provide economic stability
                             !or Detroit. However, it is also recognized that other Amer-
                             ican cities, in similar situations, have found ways of util-
                             izing their natural resources and maintaining an economic base
                             while providing a balance of mixed land uses.

                             Throughout the country are many fine examples of urban water-
                             front utilization from which Detroit is able to draw inspira-
                             tion: Chicago's Lakeshore Drive, Toronto's Ontario Place, the
                             Riverwalk of San Antonio, Seattle and its piers, the wharves
                             of San Francisco, the warehouse conversions of Boston, and
                             directly across the Detroit River, Windsor's greenbelt. Each
                             of these developments evolves from careful planning and uses
                             as its basis the city's inherent culture and integrates that
                             character with existing physical features. Each true success
                             is based on a "feeling of place".

                             In order for Detroit to realize the potential of its water-
                             front both new and old concepts must be explored. Imagina-
                             tive thinking in design, planning, and implementation strat-
                             egy must be sought to enhance the riverfront's redevelopment
                             and link it to other community areas in the city so that a
                             total sense of continuity and stimulation is provided.

                             Past characteristics cannot be forgotten if there is to be
                             a genuine "Detroit Waterfront" identity. By integrating
                             historical areas and buildings, emphasizing the city's cul-
                             .ture, its people, its industry, and its natural features,
                             it is possible to successfully redevelop the Riverfront to
                             be recognized as "uniquely Detroit".

           INTRODUCTION         BACKGROUND
                                Since 1946 all major planning studies generated by the City
                                of Detroit have called for more and better access to the
                                riverfront. Until recently, however, little pressure has
                                been brought to bear to realize the goal of public access-
                                ability. Mayor Young has consistently stated that public
                                access and use of the river is essential for Detroit's con-
                                tinued growth and revitalization. This concept was an im-
                                portant part of bis "Moving Detroit Forward Plan" presented
                                to President Carter by a coalition of business and govern-
                                ment officials. In 1977, the City Planning Department report
                                entitled, "Policies and Possible Futures For The Riverfront"
                                supported a concept of public accessability. This report
                  Refer to Page 3divided the riverfront into nine distinct planning segments
                                which are linked together by a continuous bicycle/pedestrian
                                path system and encourages new recreation uses especially
                                between the Renaissance Center and Belle Isle.

                                The City of Detroit Recreation Department has been a primary
                                force in pursuing a concept which links the ten miles of the
                                Detroit Riverfront together. In 1978 it    completed a document
                                entitled, "Detroit Riverfront Recreation with an accompany-
                Refer to pages 4-5 ing diagrammatic plan, "Detroit Riverfront Recreational Alter-
                                natives". This plan, prepared in coniuction with Schervish,
                                Vogel, Merz, P.C. and the staff from the Huron.,Clinton Metro-
                                politan Authority, emphasizes the linking of underutilized
                                areas both visually and physically through a series of paths
                                and open spaces and continuous pedestrian/bicycle right-of-
                                ways called the "Linkage System" in this document. Open
                                st)aces and parks are intensely programmed to provide nodes
                                along the linkage system and to act as a catalyst for future
                                private development. The plan exemplifies the effort to
                                coordinate and relate the multitude of projects occuring
                                alo,ng the riverfront. Federal, state and city projects such
                                as 'the Riverside Park boat launching ramp and playfield near
                                the Ambassador. Bridge, the new Gr'ayhaven Marina along with

                                                              I

                              the residential complex on the east side and the thirty-one
                              million dollar Hart Plaza at the Civic Center are seen as
                              connected and related to private development. These include
                              the proposed West Riverfront housing project, the Free Press
                              Printing and Distribution facility, the Joe Louis Sports
                              Arena, the multi-use Marina City complex and the emerging
                              entertainment areas on Franklin and Woodbridge east of the
                              Renaissance Center. Such developments show the private sec-
                              tor's renewed willingness to invest in the city's waterfront
                              thereby complimenting the catalytic $350 million investmerft
                              of the Renaissance Center.

                              LINKED RIVERFRONT PARKS PROJECT

                              The Linked Riverfront Parks Project (LRPP) is the first plan-
                              ning project to begin implementation of this vast concept. It
                              encompasses planning segments number five and six as defined
                              by the City Planning Department, and the "Urban Theme Parks"
              Ref er to paqes 4-5 and "Urban Activity Center" as defined in "Detroit Riverfront
                              Recreational Alternatives". This three mile segment of the
                              riverfront lies in the crucial area between the Renaissance
                              Center to the west, the Belle Isle MacArthur Bridge to the
                              east, Jefferson Avenue to the north and the river to the south.
                              Within this area five specific sites were to be studied: -

                                    �St. Aubin Site - a twelve acre parcel at the foot of
                                     Urfeans and St. Aubin Streets.

                                    �Chene #1 Site - ten acres at the foot of Chene Street.

                                    iChene #2 Site - three acres between Chene and Dubois
                                     STreets, north of Atwater Street.

                                    �Port Site - fourteen acres at the foot of Leib Street.

                                    �Mt. Elliott Site - seven acres at the foot of Mt.
                                     Elliott 9-treet.

                                                           2

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                                                                                                                                                                                       CANADA

                                                                                                                                           ST. AUBIN SITE
                                                                                                                                           CIAENE I SITE
                                                                                                                                           CHENE 2 SITE
                                                                                                                                           PORT SITE --
                                                                                                                                           MT, ELLIOTT SITE -
                                            LEGEND
                                            ET       EXISTING WK SITE
                                                     PLAMM SEC#&j4yS                                                                             LOCATION                                   MAF
                                                                                                                                                 WITH PLANNING SEGMEN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  -I'                   -f-ENTERTAINMENT,
                                                                                                                                                                                                     ACCESS                                       TA4i4-sFCRiiki-i6h)                    JYRANi@ORIiT ON]
                            LEGEND                                             46Af vlwii@                                                                                                                .        I                              'i 4XCHANGE                            J@XCH@@GE                    j                 ACENTER
                                                                                                                                                                                                     SIT E                                                                                                                              Wivarehouse conversion
                                                                                                                                                                                                   Capic,ocking lopeu spade                       IBarone garage                         opeople mover                                           nt
                                           RECREATIONAL                                                    hilads                                                                                  lalmling                                                exchange                      glicorrunuler fail   f light rail              reslaufa     district
                                           AREAS                                                                                                                                                   lap                                                 a,                                                                               gtShops
                            0                                                  aresinuisrus                                                                                                            lazas                                      comwm"ter I bus station
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  up.. life mover    light rail                                                         housing
                                           COMMERCIAL                          ativer tour slop
                                                                               Cilbelle isle ferry Stop
                                           AREAS                               Wpfade      grounds I activities
                             0
                                           ACT VITY
                                              1                                0
                                           CENTER                                                                                                                                                                                                    0

                                           RIVERWALK
                                                 tan I bicycle                              FORT STREET                                                                                                                       FORT STREET
                                           $)a
                                           p:h;stf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  E02J
                                           VEHCULAR ROUTES                     )1
                                                                                                                                        '-T                                                                                'TRI                                                                                     j ult
                                           ANDI ACCESS                                                                                 IA                                            TRAIN         YARDS j
                                                                                                                                          REA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r
                                           IRANSPORTATION                                       MIXED USE                                                                                                                                                             IJAL                                                              I MIXED      USE
                                 0         EXCHANGE                                                                                                                                                                                                                          TE                                                         WATER
                                           EXISTING                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     NDUSYI@
                                 a.        ACTIVITIES                               "May JfFFEAsr'
                                                                                                                         A CA---
                                           POTENTIAL                                                                                                                                                                                              INTERNATIONAL                                   civic                                 URBAN THEME
                                 ra        ACTIVITIES                                           USTR                                                                                                                                              LANDING                                         CE T                                  PARKS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  b-lo boat stop                                                                        ,uffban heme
                                                                                                                      IVE ASIDE       'OiRK                                                                                                       Is By to canada                                       am                                                     /
                                                                                     '.7                              R                                                                                                                           db                                            ariverv          open   space           (a fishingI
                                                                                                                      AND EX ENSIONS                                                                                                              910 m"                                        slountiew, Plaza                        oplazas I lounlain             n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  erry stop                                         rnphithee of I Ice skating                   I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  people me a(                                                                                   hit loater
                                                                                                                  wj7
                                                                                                                      is                                                                                                                                                                          folitival site I entertainment        Clamp
                                                                                                                  gpicnicking I open space                                                                                                        enterta nment                                   visitor nforrmation center            11museurm I urban     xtubils
                                                                                                                  Illboal launch" I Instruction                                                                                                                                                 Vicyclel Stop I rental                  Cliview toet
                                                                                                                  oplayfields I active sports                                                                                                                                                   Oboal exhibils I parking                Gliporl observation
                                                                                                                  achildren'a playground                                                                                                                                                        fiftestaurant boat                      Givisiling ship parking
                                                                                                fishing               bicycle stop                                                                                                                                                              abelle late ferr V I rive,              transient boat Parking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        :marina I restaurant
                                                                                                open spa-;e       javisiling boats I lorry     Stop                                                                                                                                               tour stop
                                                                          ACCESS            Clindus"im pat        grail port observation                                                                                                                                                        Winjereational ferry I                    ban playscape
                                                                               ITES             obse,@atkm                                                                                                                                                                                                                              bike Step I rental
                                                                          IS                                                                                                                                                                                                                      tramway stop                          V
                                                                        Aopen space                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     "' belle isle I river tour stop
                                                                        istreet end fish"19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Wconlour land
                                                  "'o     "00                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           labuild land extension

                                 DESIGN    AND DEVELOPMENF BY:
                                 LANDSCAPE PLANNING DIVISION,
                                 DETROIT RECREATION DEPARTMENT                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                LRPP
                                 a-id
                                 SCHERVIS". VOGEL, MERZ, PC.
                                 G&TFIrHT, MICHIGAN
                                 NOVEMBER TOY$

    		INDUSTRIAL                       TRANSPORTATION                    BELLE ISLE                 GENERAL USE                     RIVER ORIENTED                        SPORTS-ORIENTED                GENERAL USE
                INTERPRETIVE TRAIL	         EXCHANGE			             ENTRANCE PARK		       PARK                         PARK				              PARK				      PARK

    		 open space				    bus exchange		              fishing			        fishing                      seaplane                              fishing                        fishing
                 shops and restaurant		    belle isle parking structure      picnicking/open space         picnicking/open space        viewing grandstand                    picnicking/open space          picnicking/open space
                 interpretive signs/markings      bicycle stop/rental               entrance image                marina  				 industrial interpretive exhibits      marina				    handicapped center
                 colorful structure graphics                                        gardens                       tennis/handball  								   field sports  			    lighthouse center
                 facade renovation								  play area  			  recreation center								   tennis/basketball		    small boat launching
     													  belle isle ferry stop 	  pool 										   recreation center/pool         marina
    																		  gardens										   sports instruction             transient boat parking
    																	        plazas/fountains     								   bicycle stop/rental            field sports
    																			                 								   transient boat parking         handball/tennis
     																																		    handicapped trails
    																																		    belle isle ferry/river tour stop
    																																		    energy exhibits
    																																		    botanical gardens
    																																		    interpretive park

    COAST GUARD							COMMERCIAL MARINA

     boat viewing						  boat shops and service
     museum/exhibits					        boat storage
    								  restaurants/entertainment
    								  housing

    URBAN ACTIVITY CENTER					RECREATIONAL BOAT PARKS                  COMMERCIAL MARINA

    urban theme            					  boat launching    				boat shops and service
    fishing 							  marina                                  boat storage
    plazas/fountains/lagoons
    a musement/activity center
    view tower
    bicycle stop/rental
    housing
    build land extension

                                           DETROIT RIVERFRONT
    						   RECREATIONAL ALTERNATIVES

                                                      5

                             Three of these sitesT St. Aubin, Chene #1 and Mt. Elliott,
                             were specifically defined as parks. The Chene #2 and Port
                             sites were to be studied in context to determine whether they
                             should be planned as parks or some other viable use. Integral
                             to the study was the concept that these sites be linked east-
                             west and that access be provided from the north where inten-
                             sive housing development exists from the south along the river.

                             These five sites were then clustered in two areas: one about
                             midway between the Renaissance Center and Belle Isle Bridge
                             where, in close proximity, are the Chene #1,.Chene #2, and
                             St. Aubin sites; the other, halfway again to the bridge, in-
                             cludes the Port and Mt. Elliott sites. These clusters are
                             called the Chene Node and Mt. Elliott Node, respectively, the
                             names coming from major north-south access streets.

                             GOAL

                             The overall goal of the Linked Riverfront Parks Project was
                             then defined as the linkage of the Renaissance Center with
                             the Belle Isle Bridge through two park nodes having major
                             access to the north. This overall project goal is seen in
                             reference to the goals of gaining public waterfront access;
                             reinforcing the existing viable industrial and commercial
                             base; encouraging new residential development and setting a
                             pace for developing the rest of the Detroit Riverfront.
                             Coastal Zone Management was asked for funding and this re-
                             sulted in two studies. The first was for a comprehensive site
                             analysis of the area (accomplished from September to December
                             1978) and the second was for preliminary design of the park
                             nodes, linkages and access.

                             PLANNING TEAM AND PROCESS

                             To accomplish the intent of these studies Schervish, Vogel,
                             Merz assembled a planning team which had three major compo-
                             ents: the overall analysis, planning, landscape architectural

                                                           6

                             and architectural design were executed by Schervish, Vogel,
                             Merz; civil engineering and traffic engineering concerns by
                             Schimpeler-Corradino Associates of Detroit; conceptual marine
                             engineering, seawall, and hydrology concerns by the Snell
                             Environmental Group of Lansing.

                             A process was developed that is based on the following six
                             tasks flowing from one to the other: (1) Site Analysis, (2)
                             Programmin . (3) Criteria Statements, (4) Land Use and Cir-
                             culation, ?5) Conceptual Design and (6) Implementation. This
                             report summarizes the results of each of these tasks, and'is
                             divided into four.@.parts. Parts One, Two and Three summarize
                             the first five tasks for the Project Link Area, the Chene
                             Node and Mt. Elliott Node respectively. Part Four is concerned
                             with the total implementation plan for the area.

                                            LFIPP MOM,&

                                                                  MMAMAW4

                                                                   6ORr.

                                                         (AFMAU."

                                                         MAE"
                                                  rm-T ZZ-F)

                             INTENT

                             The intent of this report is to provide a sound basis upon
                             which the parks and linkages may be constructed, which will
                             further encourage new private-sector development in concert
                             with the entire parks system. It is not meant to be an
                             inflexible'plan but rather a catalyst for renewal of this
                             crucial area.

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      I                                                                  ANALYSIS
                                                          DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
      I                                                                  CRITERIA
      I                                         PROPOSED LAND USE & CIRCULATION
      I                                                                   DESIGN
      I                                 PROJECT LINK AREA I
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                  ANALYSIS     HISTORY
                               Detroit has certainly changed since the days when Cadillac
                               discovered "its broad meadows always kept green by the
                               river" and the wild fruit trees "with branches bending under
                               the weight of abundant fruit". Gone too are the thick forests
                               and the wildlife that inhabited them. As for the river
                               itself, Cadillac would find that the whitefish are much less
                               abundant and that the serpentine shoreline and its twenty-
                               foot bluffs have disappeared.

                               The original shoreline began to change in 1827 when the City
                               of Detroit acquired old Fort Shelby from the federal govern-
                               ment. The fort was dismantled and, at the mayor's request,
                               its ramparts were used to fill river inlets to prevent
                               garbage from collecting there. With the dawn of the indus-
                               trial age, the practice of filling continued in order to
                               provide necessary land for new industry.

                               Since the time of Cadillac, the river has been the focus of
                               life and livelihood for Detroit's inhabitants. It was so
                               vital that "ribbon farms" were established all along its
                               banks. These long, narrow plots of land enabled the maximum
                               number of citizens to have a river edge for irrigation and
                               transportation. They were usually only two hundred feet
                               wide by one to three miles long. Most of the streets in the
                               LRPP area bear the names of farm owners, and plots of sub-
                               divided land are still described according to the farm of
                               which they were once part.

                               In 1852, Hugh Moffat established a sawmill at the riverfront
                               on land he assembled from farm owners Chene, St. Aubin, and
                               Campau (this land surrounded the streets that now bear these
                               names). This sawmill later became the Detroit Lumber Co.,

                                                                9

                             and during World War 1, was the Oades Imperial Shipbuilding
                             operation. In 1882, Frank Lauhoff purchased the land north
                             of the Moffat Sawmill (at Chene and Guoin) from Dorothea
                             Gravier, daughter of Joseph (James) Campau. When the floors
                             of his new manufacturing building drastically shifted, Mr.
                             Lauhoff concluded that Mr. Moffat must have used his land as
                             a sawdust dump! This proved to be only a minor problem, for
                             the Lauhoff Corporation still exists today, the second oldest
                             industry in the LRPP area.

                             The history of Detroit's waterworks also has a chapter in the
                             LRPP area. In 1836, the City purchased the nearly bankrupt
                             Hydraulic Company and built a reservoir at the foot of Orleans
                             Street. A brick tower, fifty feet high, was also built which
                             held an iron storage tank and served as a riverfront landmark
                             until the Detroit Water Board was established in 1852. Two
                             years later, the Water Board abandoned this site and built
                             the Watson Street Reservoir on ten acres of the Dequindre
                             farm.

                             Within the boundaries of this project was centered the busiest
                             of Great Lakes shipping activity. The area from Hastings
                             Street (now Schweizer Street) to Orleans was lined with dry-
                             docks, shipyards, boiler and engine works and ship suppliers
                             and chandlers. Perhaps the outstanding shipbuilder and
                             repairer was the Detroit Dry Dock Company, founded in 1852.
                             Its huge drydock was at the foot of Orleans Street. Ship-
                             building continued in this area until the 1920's. Since that
                             time other industry has continued to flourish -- whether,
                             unfortunately, water related or not.

                             Through the years the river has provided many transportation
                             needs. In the earliest days, pirogues (canoe-like vessels)
                             were used in the warmer months, while sleighs were used on
                             the frozen water in winter. In 1820, Francois Labeleine,
                             "Francis the Whale", provided log canoes for crossing over
                             to,Canada and in 1825, John Burtis' Horse Boat Ferry intro-

                                                            10

                              duced competition. In Burtis' scheme, a hugh cog wheel
                              rotated by a team or horses propelled a cadamaran-style
                              vessel between the two shores. Railroad ferries were
                              eventually introduced and their use continues until today.

                              Though the ribbon farms have disappeared and the passing of
                              275 years has transformed the riverfront, there is one thing
                              that Cadillac would be pleased to find unchanged: In spirit,
                              the inhabitants of the settlement "du Detroit" still draw
                              their vitality and refreshment from that "lovely strait"
                              connecting Lake St. Clair and-Lake Erie.

                                                                                 OMNI

                                                         qvp,

                                         ARA                                            N

                                                              7-

                                          DETROIT IN 1820 FROM DRAWINO BY GENE'RAL MACOMB

                               OVERVIEW

                               The Linked Riverfront Parks Project is located on the Detroit
                               River between Renaissance Center and Belle Isle. Because of
                               its location between these two contrasting centers of urban
                               activity, the area is considered to be one of the prime
                               sections of the riverfront for intense new use and develop-
                               ment. This intensity is reinforced by the convergence of
                               the regional system of streets and freeways at the CBD and
                               by the Lafayette-Elmwood residential developments (16,000
                               residents) directly to the north. This residential group
                               combined with Detroit's only high density waterfront housing
                               east of the Belle Isle Bridge provides a potential permanent
                               user base that is immediately accessible to the project area.
                               When combined with office workers in the CBD, tourists and
                               conventioneers, commuter rail passengers, industrial workers,
                               and regional users of Belle Isle, the potential of park use
                               in the project area is unique along the riverfront. Further-
                               more, visual access from Belle Isle, Canada, and the river
                               itself is superb.

                               With the surrounding conditions as such, the major problem
                               that now exists is that of providing suitable access into and
                               through the area. Presently, the movement of vehicles, ped-
                               estrians and boats is hindered by obstacles such as unim-
                               proved traffic patterns, cluttered industrial operations and
                               unstabilized river edge. In order to achieve the goal of
                               bringing local and regional users to the area, it will be
                               necessary to establish better physical and visual connec-
                               tions to the waterfront. This study is the first step toward
                               the realization of this goal.

                                                              12

                             EXISTING CONDITIONS

                             Structures

             Refer to pages 18-9 On the whole, the buildings in the area are industrial, many
                             built in the early 1900's. These red brick, one to four story
                             buildings are the ones that establish the scale and character
                             of the area. Other industrial buildings may also be found--
                             those of reinforced concrete frame with brick and glass infill
                             and more recent "metal sheds". On Franklin Street near Adair
                             remain three frame houses probably dating from the early part
                             of the century. They suggest that a small neighborhood once
                             thrived in the area.

                             Jefferson Avenue provides a range of buildings from the hiso
                             toric wood frame Moross house of 1849 to the "strip" archi-'
                             tecture of the 1950's Shorecrest Motel. Between Renaissance
                             Center and Belle Isle one may find an historic church, his-
                             toric houses, apartment buildings, motels, auto dealers, a
                             variety of commercial establishments and a few spot indus-
                             trial uses.

                             Streets and Paving

                             Generally, the streets in the project area have 50' right-of-
                             ways with 35' paving for vehicles. Sidewalks to the edge of
                             buildings comprise the remainder of the right-of-ways. In
                             some cases, right-of-ways are slightly more or less. Jeffer-
                             son Avenue has a 120' right-of-way.

                             Nearly all the streets in the area are paved in asphalt. How-
                             ever, in random spots the asphalt has broken away, revealing
                             Belgian (granite) block and brick paving. Since these random
                             spots occur throughout the entire area, it is reasonable to
                             assume that most of these streets still have this older paving
                             intact underneath. Woodbridge Street between Orleans and St.
                             Aubin has completely exposed brick paving. Railroad tracks
                             occupy part of the right-of-way of Wight Street between Chene
                             and Meldrum and along Guoin Street between Orleans and Walker.

                                                           14

                                  U t i I i t i e s

                                  Combined sanitary-storm sewers are located along every north/
                                  south street except Walker, Iron, and Meldrum. Sewers also
                                  run the entire length of Franklin, and along Wight between
                                  Chene and McDougall and Leib and Mt. Elliott. Approximately
                                  100 feet west of the MacArthur Bridge, a sewer runs to Belle
                                  Isle. Approximately 350 feet west of the bridge is another
                                  sewer outletting into the river. These are overflow sewers
                                  branching off the main Jefferson sewer, and they outlet dir-
                                  ectly into the Detroit River. They are used only during
                                  heavy rains when the Jefferson sewers reach capacity. Their
                                  size and location appear on the map.

                                  All other major utilties service the area. Water and gas are
                                  underground. Electric, telephone and public lighting are
                                  overhead. Most light standards are more than 50 years old,
                                  constructed of wood and painted black. They appear to be in
                                  satisfactory condition for continued use if desired in the
                                  design.

                                  Detroit River Edge
                                  The project area contains approximately 12,775 feet (2.42 miles)
                                  of Detroit River edge. The following chart provides a general
                                  overview of the type and length of each edge material. Specif-
                                  ic locations and dimensions are indicated on the map.

                                  MATERIAL                          TOTAL FEET            % OF TOTAL

                                  Steel                                6,120                  50%
                                  No Edge Improvement (N.E.I.)         3,770                  25%
                                  Concrete                             1,885                  15%
                                  Boat Slips                             640                    6%
                                  Wood                                   390                   4%

                                  TOTAL:                              12,775

                                                                 15

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                                             ST. AUBIN SITE
                                                       CHENE 2 SITE
                                                         CHENE 1 SITE

                                                16

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                                                                                                                                                                                 V,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              LINKED
                                                     PORT SITE'--..---                                                                                                                                                                        RIVERFRONT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PARKS
                                                      MT ELLIOTT SITE                                                                 PROJECT UNK AREA                                                                                        cily Of DFIr"I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PRO"'c                 0

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                                                                                                                                                            17

                               INBEX OF BUILDING USERS
                                     Aen:isi&;ce,C::ter                             27.     Not Known                                        52. Globe Trading Co.
                                     Woo br d                                                                                                                                                                               and Forge
                               2                r..p                                                                                                                                               78.  Standard Iron
                                              G                                             Met:!tParts Painting                             53. Douglas Machinery Ea.                             79.  Medusa Cement       Company
                               3.    d     ld   r                                   29:     Vac                                              54. Ad::rtwarehouse
                               4 .   WF0r:.'1'I. Sir  as,  Restaurant               30.     Ambassador Steel                                 55. Va   n                                                           Cement    Company Silos
                               5.    D trolt Raqu:ette[Elb                                                                                                                                         N, : Hver:dsea, Pay Car  Dealer
                               6.    P:bllc Warehout                                31      Garage                                           56. Not Known                                         82.  Historic Carriage house. Vacant
                               7     He"         dseq                               32      Federa!,M:rlne Terminal                          57. Detroit Elevators                                 83.  Detroit Chemical Supply
                               8.    h.:jr d      1                                 3 )     Huran  m n                                       58. Metal Shop                                        84.  Ainsworth Warehouse
                               *     c     Ier!us';,Itaurant                        34.     6-Story Building, Vacant                         S9. Hayes file Company                                85.  Capital Pipe and Nipple Company
                               9*    Christ Church                                                                                           60. flat known                                        86.  Ainsworth Warehouse
                               10.   Sibley House (Christ Church)                   35.     Stone Soap (J925)                                61. Ha's Place                                        87.  Electrical Supply
                               I I . Not Known                                      36.     Rhinoceros Restaurant                            62. Warehouse                                         88.  tauhaff Roller Mills
                               2.    United Bronz                                   37.     Machine Shop
                               I     at K 0                                         38.     Yondetoga Club
                               1                                                                                                             63. Steel Fabricating                                 89.  Vahda Beauty Cosmetics Factory
                               3.    11 n wn                                        39.     Morass House                                     64. Jefferson Terminal        Warehouse               90.  famous Furniture
                               14.   Michigan Bell Telephone Co.                    40.     Credit Union                                     65. Jefferson Terminal        Warehouse               91.  IPMO Garage. City of Detroit
                               15.   Boron Gas Station                              41.     Apartment Building                               66. Vacant                                            92.  Private Garage
                               16.   Shorecrest Hotel                               42.     Office Building                                  67. Jewelry Wholesaler                                93.  Doctor's Hospital
                               17 .  Not Known                                      43.     Office Building                                  68. Brauhaus Restaurant                               94.  Doctor's Hospital
                               18.   Federal Marine Terminal                        44 .    Office Building                                  69. Mobile Gas Station                                9S.  Doctor's Hospital
                               19.   Shorecrest Apartments                          45.     Department of Health. Education                  70. Historic Carriage House. Vacant                   96.  Charles DuCharme Carriage House
                               20.   Veteran's Hall                                                                                          71. Manchester Apartment Building                     97.  Parke-Davis
                               21 .  Ferro Manufacturing Co.                                and Welfare                                      72. Woodbridge lavern                                 98.  A.F.A.
                               22.   Auto Hardware                                  46.     Government                                       73. Trader Ray Auto Sales                             99.  Vacapt
                               23.   Rex Trucking                                   14).    Soup Kitchen Saloon                              ?4. Pasadena Apartments                              100.  Clemetine's Restaurant
                               24 .  Restaurant                                     48.     Machinery                                        75. Small Industrial Buildings                       101.  Restaurant
                                                                                    49      Globe Tra      Warehouse                         76. Parking
                               25.   Office Building                                SO:     Cent r.IIroingFoundry                                                                                 102.  Robins Paper Company
                               ?6.   Apartment Bulldlnq                             51.     Globe Tradinq Co. Chimney                        77. Standard Iron and Forge                          103.  Ecclestone Chemical Company

                                                         St . ANTOINE        SCHWIIZER             RIVARD                              RlOPFkt[      ORt[ANS                             S1. AUBIn      DUBOIS                                                 CAPIPAU
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                   OWN         4effzFV,                                                                                                                                                                               DETROIT RIVER

                    Rai.       W Woo wrPo4wism
                   EM.         MW WCW

                                                                           Tool Works                                                                      Parke-Davis                                                      151 vacant                                                               182.  Purvis                        !:If   Company
                                                            106:           Foundry Supplies                                          1,32':                Blo. Laboratory                                                  168: Wright Austin Engineering                                           163.  Modern to:;s1eGie;L               f I I
                                                            106.           N0 tK.                                                    33                    Parke-Davis                                                      159. Parke-Davis Garage                                                        Pattern Co./W&             noc k Spri:9 Co./
                                                            107.           North:Orn"Engineering Works                               1134:                 Riley Stoker Corp.                                               160. AJ&x Steel & Forge                                                        Generated Gear/rThomes Pattern
                                                            111            It'GurdClaserve                                           136.                  Not Kn Own                                                       161. Great Lakes Wholesalers                                                   Work.
                                                            9:             1:1
                                                            to             Pno,1.1a   e,                                                                                                                                    62      1 'no                                                            84    D:Iro:: K:rl:.Iron
                                                            110.           Penn DIXI: Cenentt                                        11317:                I:ur;dra                                                         1163: Sh:Y-- rwC.4IiI,./A1.Ir                                            1181: 0 Iro      1               09
                                                                                                                                     I                     PC 01:11ings. Inc.                                                   S       trWCrehou     so                                             IS
                                                            1:             VI..,mt                                                                                                                                              Seymo   u    &    III                                                      G. line S:.ti.
                                                                           & ' Hichinery                                             1 0.                  Parke V 11 :                                                         treto
                                                            :112           aa                                                        139.                  0 do#y C                                                         4.                        .1                                             1861. Unload Machinery
                                                                           1.1taurant                                                140.                  Seymour Cadillac                                                 165. Seymour Cadillac                                                    188.  Goss Awning Co.
                                                                                                                                     41                                                                                     111: K:C,1r:wa,ahrysIer Plymouth                                         189.  Zlebart
                                                            S              Park:r Maj                                                142.                  P'%vers.                                                         16      t     I       k ofcD troltsed                                    190.  Mister Ron's Bar/Penowzy Tale-
                                                            11                                                                       1                     :VA64CG  Inc.                                                            an                      1,
                                                                           Gar       Ic;rtme                                                                                                                                167. Bar I incola
                                                            116:           d     :*t'A      Inc;,,                                   143                   YC-DAv!,s, Wholesalers                                               a                     M:r, r         U        Cars                         corp.1fias Station
                                                            III.           Ar:eCouousea                                              144                   .Not Ka                                                          1689. Bart LLIncolo IN I :ryy                                            19 1. Romanesque
                                                                                                                                                           .r
                                                            118.           Jett;ersyortlvenue Clinic                                 145                   ,ibsonoPennsui&r Distributors                                    170. U.S. Immigration Department                                         192.  Michigan Consolidated Gas Co.
                                                            It9.           'WWW Radio Station                                        146                   .Rayl Industrial Supply                                          171. U.S. Immigration Department                                         193.  Not Known
                                                            120.           1CAI 1.11                                                 147.                  Seymour Cadil  Jac                                               172. Coast  Gu,  I d Stlel,lr:a              Sheds                       194:  Gasol ltij.StAtion
                                                            122            PVC Davis Screen Printers                                 148.                  Seymour Cadillac                                                 173. Coast Guard Bu          Id ng                                       195   hC t X, ow
                                                            123:           Garden Court APts. Garage                                 149.                  Not Known                                                        174. Coast Guard Buildings                                               196.  Uniroyal
                                                            124.           Advance Welding                                           150.                  Restaurants                                                      115. Coast Guard Buildings                                               197.  Uniroyal
                                                            125            Advance Welding                                           '151.                 Balmar hotel                                                     t16. Coast Guard Buililingi,                                             198.  Uniroyal
                                                            I' 6:          .r, hT&A 'aulk.er Creative       Co.                      .152:                 C:ntral ScrIProduc::,,.g                                         117. Uniroyal Storage Tank                                               199.  Uniroyal
                                                                                                                                                           tI,
                                                            127.           Park. 04,1                                                53                    1) r: ,M4rW..                                                                                                                             2ODO. Uniroyal
                                                            2                                                                        54                    .HousS t                                                         7              In:
                                                            1 8.           Parke Davis                                                                        are       9                                                   1198: W.:,     C                                                         2 1.  Uniroyal Power House
                                                            129.           Parke Avis                                                55:                   R
                                                            3              'D                                                                                                                                                                                                                        202.  Uniroyal
                                                                                                                                                           .::urint
                                                            1 0.           Parke-Davis  Administration       Bldg.                   1156                  i                                                                1,:01: W,:::::: C .0                                                     201.  gas Station

                                                                                                AOUGALL                                                                         LIEB                    Mi. fitio           IT
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                                                                                 14

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     GABRIEL RICHARD PARK
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      RIVERFRONT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PARKS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT                                  and,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     7

                                                                                                                                                                                   PROJECT LINK                                         AREA                                                                                          Oly LA "if, .1
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                                                                                                                                                                                    EXISTING                                                    CONDITIONS                                                                            DIE10011. W,.IGAn

                                                                                                                                                                                                    19

                              NATURAL ANALYSIS

                              The Natural Analysis d!xamines the various physical features
                              of the area which provide both opportunities and constraints
                              to ultimate land use and recreational possibilities.

                              Soi I s

                              The following analysis of, soils is based on data gathered
                              from the Chene #1 site. Conditions for the other park sites
                              in the area are assumed to be similar.

                              The basic soil profile in the area consists of miscellan6ous
                              fill materials consisting of cinders, sand, clay, brick and
                              wood to depths ranging from 5 to 22 feet. A.layer of organic
                              soil exists below the upper fill. Clay of varying stiffness
                              exists below the organic soils to the end of each test boring.
                              The depth of fill and thickness of organic soils increases
                              toward the river. In general the depth to stable soil is 22
                              feet at the river and 5 to 12 feet near Atwater Street.

                              It appears that the current soil presents no hindrance to the
                              establishment of plant material although it is not the most
                              desirable medium for plant development. The low nutrient
                              levels in this soil layer indicate that the soil will require
                              restructuring in order to be a proper and desirable plant
                              growing medium.

                              This soil restructuring should attempt to create, in areas
                              where feasible, an entirely new root zone, which will in turn
                              bury any problem or deficiencies encountered in the current
                              soil.

                                                            20

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                      mu, mm                                                                             LINKED
                                                                                                         RIVERFRONT
                                                                                                            Is
                                                                                                         PARK
                      lem                                                                                PRUE%- I o  4oo em
                                                                   PROJECT LINK AREA                     CITY OF DFTI"T
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                                                                 21

                              In this process, several objectives should be held in mind;
                              one, increase the organic level of the soil, two, increase
                              the cation exchange capacity through the introduction of
                              colloidal materials and lastly, rebuild the nutrient levels
                              in the soil.

                              The soil restructuring program can provide these characteris-
                              tics through a comprehensive program which would include
                              grading and structural development. To accomplish this, a
                              40% peat, 40% clay, and 20% sand mixture should be used. It
                              is recommended that a mixture of sand and clay be blended
                              into the upper layers of the existing soil material, regard-
                              less of whether this material has been previously moved or
                              disturbed. This mixing is especially recommended in areas
                              where the soil will not be disturbed during other construc-
                              tion procedures such as grading. It is further recommended
                              that the organic peat materials be introduced into the sand/
                              clay mixture in the upper levels of the final grade and
                              planting root zone (top two to four feet).

                              Topographic

                              Much of the area south of Jefferson has been filled, thereby
                              eliminating the 20 foot bluff that existed at the time of
                              Cadillac's landing. Between Renaissance Center and Parke-
                              Davis the greatest change in grade occurs between Jefferson
                              and Franklin. A parking lot located on the southeast corner
                              of Woodbridge and Rivard simulates the opportunity for over-
                              looks that take advantage of the steep contours in this
                              particular area. When standing on this site, one can observe
                              that an otherwise excellent view of the river is partially
                              blocked by one of the Federal Marine Terminal buildings on
                              Atwater. Therefore, building heights in selected areas south
                              of Woodbridge may be desireable.

                                                           22

                              Vegetation
                              Vegetation in the project area is virtually non-existent
                              except for a few areas that have been developed privately.
                              Parke-Davis has extensively landscaped the land between the
                              river edge and its Administration Building. Trees, shrubs,
                              hedges, planting beds, grassy areas, and brick paving create
                              a very successful riverfront image. However, this is private
                              land presently unavailable for public use. The vast parking
                              areas east of Renaissance Center are screened along the
                              street edges with evergreen and deciduous trees. The river
                              edge is not planted.

                              The Huron and Medusa Cement companies have planted pine and
                              maple trees along Atwater Street at the entrances to their
                              properties. These plantings provide some screening, though
                              they are not adequate for future development that may occur
                              around them. The widely scattered vacant land in the area is
                              covered with wild grasses and weeds, and is sometimes spotted
                              with larger scrub growth and trees.

                              Wildlife

                              Because of the scarcity of vegetation, the area is almost
                              totally lacking in any wildlife. Gulls may occasionally be
                              seen near the water, although they, along with ducks, geese
                              and other birds usually seek refuge on Belle Isle. Of course
                              marine life is abundant and fishing draws small crowds to any
                              accessible part of the river edge. A survey during the
                              summer of 1978 by the Michigan Department of Natural
                              Resources (DNR) revealed the following information concerning
                              fishing activity along the Detroit River:
                                   -Yellow perch and freshwater drum provided the bulk of
                                    the catch followed by rock bass, white bass and small-
                                    mouth bass.
                                    Walleye, white bass, yellow perch and channel catfish
                                    were the most desireable species as expressed by the
                                    anglers with walleye and white bass considered high
                                    priority for a stocking program.

                                                           23

                                    More than 90 percent of the fishermen interviewed con-
                                    sidered improved fishing sites and fish habitat a
                                    higher priority for attention than improvement of     their
                                    catch in species, number or size.
                                    More than half the fishermen fished at least twice per
                                    week.
                                    One of the major reasons for fishing by Detroit anglers
                                    was relaxation and stress reduction (i.e. recreational
                                    motives).

                              Climatic Conditions

                              Because of its location on the river, the project area is
                              subject to different and more extreme conditions than regional
                              climatological data indicates. Fo*r example, winter winds
                              normally come from the northwest and summer breezes from the
                              southwest. However, the specific site conditions of the LRPP
                              show that the strongest winds come directly off the river from
                              the southwest. Likewise, regional solar characteristics are
                              somewhat modified by two site conditions: one, the LRPP lies
                              on the south bank of the river, directly in the path of the
                              afternoon sun, and two, the openness of the river, like any
                              major body of water, allows the sun's rays to beam down unre-
                              lentlessly on any open spaces along the river.

                              These two climatic factors--sun and wind--will have a signi-
                              ficant influence on the design of public open spaces along
                              the river edge. They can be exploited to optimize design for
                              year-round use. All design elements including plant mater-
                              ials, shelters, viewing and seating areas, overlooks, bicycle
                              paths and pedestrian promenades should be designed in a
                              manner that capitalizes on positive climatic features and
                              alleviates negative ones. This will require sensitivity to
                              seasonal variations in climate. For example, summer condi-
                              tions would suggest that viewing and seating areas be shaded
                              and oriented to capture the best summer breezes off the river.
                              Winter conditions would provide that overlooks be well protec-
                              ted from the wind but allow penetration of the maximum amount
                              of sunlight. These considerations, well-executed, can help to
                              insure a fuller appreciation of the river year round.

                                                             ?4

                            The Detroit River

                            The Detroit River flows a distance of 32 miles from Lake
                            St. Clair in a westerly and southerly direction to Lake Erie,
                            with a drop of approximately three feet. Except at its head
                            where Peach Island and Belle Isle are located, the upper 13
                            miles of the Detroit River has a continuous channel which is
                            approximately 112 -3/4 miles wide with depths ranging from
                            27 -.50 feet. Depths along the shoreline in the LRPP area
                            range from 12 -25 feet and the average velocity is 2.5 miles
                            per hour.

                            Variations in water levels are a function of the flow dis-
                            charge of the river which in turn is a function of the
                            levels of the Great Lakes. Water level information on the
                            Great Lake system is maintained by the National Oceanic and
                            Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the following data is
                            based on their records taken downstream from the project area
                            at Fort Wayne and upstream at Windmill Point.

                            Considering average monthly elevations during the periods May
                            through September between 1901 and 1978, the maximum monthly
                            elevation recorded by the Fort Wayne gauge is 576.57 for June
                            1973 and the minimum elevation is 571.84 in September 1934.
                            The gauge at Windmill Point has been in operation since 1960.
                            The maximum monthly elevation recorded by the Windmill Point
                            gauge during May through September for the years of record is
                            577.33 in June 1973 while the minimum is 572.80 in September
                            1964. These records indicate that monthly water surface
                            elevations during the boating season varied by 4.73 feet at
                            Fort Wayne and by 4.53 feet at Windmill Point, hence a five
                            (5) foot difference between high water and low water should
                            be assumed for design purposes.

                                                           25

                            Problems associated with ice during the winter can be broken
                            down into two areas: structural damage resulting from verti-
                            cal forces due to a build-up of ice and structural damage
                            caused by collisions (with the shore) of floating ice chunks.
                            The river edge will have to be designed to withstand the
                            horizontal forces of floating ice. Damage caused by vertical
                            forces can be avoided by providing sufficient clearance
                            beneath protruding structures, such as overlooks, where ice
                            build-up is possible.*

            Refer to pages 18-9 The river edge in the project area is largely unimproved,
                            randomly consisting of steel sheeting, concrete, rip-rap,
                            wood or earth. In some places, private owners have made
                            improvements for their own operations. Federal Marine
                            Terminals recently improved its seawall, and the steel sheet
                            piling at Parke-Davis together with its landscaping, makes a
                            very suitable edge.

                            Uniroyal has constructed a 20 foot concrete retaining wall
                            for a parking lot on its east side. As it exists, this is
                            stark and has resulted in a very narrow strip of land at the
                            river edge. However, it offers excellent opportunities for
                            an overlook right at the river, and if softened with land-
                            scape material, may even recall the original bluffs.

                            *Excerpted from "Riverfront Capabilities Expansion Analysis",
                            The Coastal Zone Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann
                            Arbor, Michigan, July 1979.

                                                         26

              Refer to page 29 PERCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

                             Sensory Perception

                             Despite the underdeveloped and industrial character of the
                             site, some good views do exist and there are countless others
                             that can be improved or capitalized upon. The Renaissance
                             Center, of course, is the most dominant focal Doint from
                             virtually anywhere in the area. However, looking along Frank-
                             lin or along Guoin from St. Aubin, affords the best axial view
                             of the complex.

                             Views to the river are scatterd throughout, but for the most
                             part, it's a matter of catching glimpses down narrow streets.
                             From Jefferson, river views are almost totally obstructed
                             except for "corridor" views down some north/south streets.
                             Noteworthy vistas look south down Chene Street to Windsor's
                             "Canadian Club" silos and down Adair Street to a Windsor
                             church. Clusters of vacant land have possibilities for river
                             views from Jefferson. The best occur between St. Antoine and
                             Schweizers Streets and the land immediately north of the Port
                             Site.

                             Notable night views are created by the play of lights from the
                             bridges and passing boats on the dark rippling waters. Ren-
                             aissance Center and the whole skyline loom in the background
                             and the flashing neon sign of Canadian Club beckons across
                             the river.

                             One of the greatest problems in the area at present is caused
                             by trucks without a defined and enforced through route to
                             follow. Trucks are very noisy, particularly when they must
                             climb grade between Franklin and Jefferson. The roads in the
                             area are covered with dirt and dust which is stirred up when
                             trucks and cars pass. Other dust problems occur at the cement
                             companies, but they are generally restricted to their own pro-
                             perties. However, the proximity of the Chene and St. Aubin sites
                             to two cement companies may require some protection from dust

                                                          27

                            at the periphery. Uniroyal is the only industry causing
                            significant levels of noise (there is a constant shrill) and
                            foul smells. Standard Iron and Forge has chimneys that whistle
                            and belch smoke intermittantly.

                            Physical Perception

                            There are several specific areas throughout the project area
                            which are given a certain spatial definition or character by
                            surrounding structures. The Coast Guard buildings are grouped
                            around an open yard facing the river. At the foot of Adair
                            Street, a larger such "yard" is enclosed by the Adair Street
                            Warehouse and other glass and steel industrial buildings. The
                            area in front of the Parke-Davis Administration Building is
                            well landscaped and also provides a sense of place. Chene #1
                            is strongly defined by the imposing cement stacks. The in-
                            dustrial area of Guoin Street between Orleans and St. Aubin
                            has a unique sense of enclosure created by the surrounding in-
                            dustrial buildings.

                            Because of the density of buildings in some parts of the site,
                            sunlight is often blocked and shadows are cast. The shadow of
                            the Renaissance Center in the setting sun extends far into the
                            west end of the area while the cement stacks cast long shadows
                            across the St. Aubin and Chene sites in early morning and late
                            afternoon.

                            Overall Perception

                            The overall impression that one now perceives is that the area
                            is dirty, overrun with truck traffic and intensely industrial.
                            However, the attractions that exist, such as the restaurants
                            and the river, are very popular, and despite the inconveniences,
                            many people brave the noise and dirt to get to these places.
                            Business booms from the Soup Kitchen to Schweizers and fishermen
                            perch at the edge of the river wherever they possibly can. What
                            the average visitor to the area may not perceive is that,many of
                            the buildings, streets and open areas (especially at the river)
                            have the ability to be improved and made attractive for public use.

                                                         28

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                                                                                                          29

           Refer to paoes 32-3 LAND USE & CIRCULATION ANALYSIS

                           Land Use

                           The Official Zoning Ordin ance of the City of Detroit shows
                           that most of the project area is zoned Intensive Industrial
                           District, with only a short strip of Jefferson zoned General
                           Business. Fortunately the actual use of the land is not as
                           intensive as the zoning permits, but it is hardly appropriate
                           for its location on the river. Very few of 'the uses at the
                           water's edge are water-related. Those that are include the
                           Federal Marine Terminals, Huron, Medusa and Penn-Dixie Cement
                           Companies, Consolidated Docking and the two Coast Guard in-
                           stallations.

                           Major uses that are not compatible with their location pre-
                           sent various difficulties in trying to retrieve land for more
                           appropriate use. Anchoring both ends of the project area are
                           the vast parking areas of the Renaissance Center and Uniroyal.
                           The Renaissance Center land is well-suited for development in
                           the long range, though the present use of the land may be less
                           than desirable. However, the Uniroyal land is under-used and
                           its development as a landscaped river overlook would be ideal.
                           Although its operation is not water-related, Parke-Davis is a
                           National Historic Landmark whose riverfront image has been
                           established since the turn of the century. In addition, Parke-
                           Davis is the only one to have acknowledged its riverfront lo-
                           cation with extensive landscaping improvements. The remaining
                           riverfront uses are the vacant Port site and the Chene #1 site,
                           presently being used for truck storage.

                           The land uses away from the edge can be divided into three
                           distinguishable areas: the Jefferson Avenue strip and the two
                           larger areas east and west of Parke-Davis. Jefferson Avenue
                           is a random mix of commercial, residential and some industrial
                           uses. This strip contains many historic houses, an historic
                           church and noteworthy apartment buildings. Unfortunately,
                           these buildings are overshadowed by the overall effect created
                           by the gas stations, motels and many deteriorated businesses.

                                                        30

                             Redevelopment of Jefferson can be a meaningful step in the
                             establishment of a positive image for the project area.

                             The area west of Parke-Davis consists primarily of light in-
                             dustry. However, it is here where several restaurants have
                             emerged and development is most promising. This area contains
                             the highest concentration of brick buildings that establish
                             the scale and character of the entire LRPP area.

                             East of Parke-Davis, this character is fragmented by large
                             areas of vacant land. Only two "pockets" in the area maintain
                             the warehouse character--the vicinity of Adair Street and the
                             industry between Mt. Elliott and Meldrum. Three Coast Guard
                             buildings should be mentioned for their architectural quality
                             and the adjacent dockside activity. Uniroyal is also located
                             in this area and its physical plant is the only one whose
                             scale and character deviate and detract from the rest of the
                             area.

                             Vacant lots of various sizes are scattered throughout the pro-
                             ject area.   Most vacant land is overgrown with tall grasses,
                             small trees  and scrub vegetation. Several parcels are used
                             for storage  or laydown areas (e.g. Coast Guard buoy storage at
                             Mt. Elliott  and Wight). Vacant lots of most important consid-
                             eration are those adjacent to park sites and those situated
                             in proposed visual easements from Jefferson to the river.

                             Housing is severly lacking in the project area. This becomes
                             a critical issue in terms of the new uses proposed, especially
                             the parks. Both the Chene Node and the Mt. Elliott Node are
                             logical locations for residential development. At Mt. Elliott
                             the land is already vacant, awaiting development. However,
                             market-rate housing is more feasible at Chene, due to its
                             proximity to Downtown and the development of the Chene Node

                                                           31

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                                                                                                                             33

                               park sites in the earlier phases. Although there is little
                               vacant land in this node, some land is already available for
                               consideration. Location of housing in this area demands
                               sensitive design, since selective demolition will be necessary.
                               This report concludes that mixed land use plays a significant
                               role in the existinq vitality of the area, and will continue
                               to do so as it deveiops. However, it is clear that certain
                               uses, particularly recreation and housing, are strongly lack-
                               ing. Therefore, the objective should be not to eliminate
                               certain uses, but rather strive for an equitable and viable
                               distribution of varied uses.

                               Circulation

                               Jefferson Avenue is the major access corridor for vehicular
                               circulation. All north-south roads in this area intersect
                               at Jefferson and are therefore potential entries to the park
                               area. This situation allows trucks access to every north/
                               south street. The most significant levels of truck traffic
                               at present are: north-south along St. Antoine, Rivard, Rio-
                               pelle, Chene, Adair, and Mt. Elliott and east-west along
                               Woodbridge, Franklin, and Atwater between St. Antoine and
                               Chene. This is a problem that can be minimized by use of
                               logical, enforced truck routes, and the installation of traf-
                               fic signals at appropriate intersections along Jefferson.
                               Automobile traffic is generally uninhibited except for minor
                               delays during peak hours. This problem is most notable near
                               the Renaissance Center.
                               Parking is scattered throughout the project area in lots and
                               on the streets. The biggest parking problem occurs on Frank-
                               lin street during the lunch hour whein peak restaurant users
                               vie with surrounding industry for parking space. At night,
                               the problem does not appear to be as severe. Pedestrian cir-
                               culation is generally limited to restaurant patrons and local

                                                           34

                               emVloyees going to and from their cars. Bicycle traffic has
                               se dom been observed and is assumed to be minimal.

                               Train traffic is extremely light with less than ten freight
                               cars per week. The SEMTA commuter line, which turns north
                               at Franklin and Orleans, operates only eight trains per day.
                               Four trains arrive within a one-hour span in the morning and
                               four depart within a one-hour span in late afternoon. Neither
                               SEMTA nor freight rail have a strong impact on vehicular traf-
                               fic flow in the area.

                               There are several bus lines currently operating in or near
                               the project area. Route #35 services the Chene Node with a
                               loop along Chene, Atwater, Jos. Campau and Wight. The Belle
                               Isle Route #4 which now terminates at Jefferson and the Mac-
                               Arthur Bridge could be extended to service the Mt. Elliott
                               and Chene Nodes. Other access is provided by routes using
                               Jefferson, Chene, Mt. Elliott and East Grand Boulevard.

                               Numerous waterfront operations have boat-docking facilities.
                               These locations are indicated as well as boat paths in the
                               river.

                               Specific circulation issues of the Chene and Mt. Elliott nodes
                               are analyized in Parts Two and Three respectively.

                                                            35

                              URBAN STRUCTURES ANALYSIS

                              Buildings

                              Certain structures shown on the map are classified either
                              "historic" or "significant". Historic buildings are those
                              that have been determined to have played an important role
                              in the city's development or those associated with a notable
                              person or event. Those buildings or sites listed on his-
                              toric registers are so noted. It is strongly recommended
                              that ALL buildings labeled "historic" be spared demolition.

                              "Significant" buildings have been singled out for their
                              architectural, structural or spatial importance to a parti-
                              cular area, or because of the use that they serve (e.g.
                              restaurants). These buildings are recommended for rehabili-
                              tation, but their demolition would not be considered as
                              serious as a "historic" structure. In fact, demolition may
                              be recommended if a greater good were achieved. Within this
                              category there is a wide range of reasons for the mention of
                              these buildings. Some are industrial buildings, actually
                              typical of many others, but may be important in the sense of
                              spatial enclosure created within a group of buildings.
                              Others have architectural merit. Still others appear to be
                              structurally sound and suitable for reuse. Sometimes a
                              building of marginal quality becomes important due to its
                              proximity to park sites.

                              Virtually every building contributes to the overall ambience
                              of the area. In fact, the majority of buildings are neither
                              "historic" nor "significant" when individually evaluated.
                              However, demolition should be avoided as general rule in
                              order to preserve the existing character.

                                                           36

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                                                                                                                       37

                            Streets

                            Another factor contributing to the overall feeling of the area
                            is the 50' street right-of-way. This lends a human scale in
                            which both sides of the street relate to each other providing
                            a feeling of intimacy and enclosure to the people walking on
                            the streets. These streets offer the chance to uncover older
                            paving to enhance development.

                            Utilities

                            Overhead utility wires detract  from the quality of the streets
                            and their relocation underground is recommended. Light stan-
                            dards are typical of those installed over 50 years ago and
                            still seen in various spots around the city. They are made
                            of wood and are painted black. Their reuse may be considered.

                            Existing underground sewers are combined storm-sanitary which
                            outlet directly into the river during heavy rains. The legality
                            of this situation has come under question and is currently being
                            studied in connection with Environmental Protection Agency re-
                            quirements for Detroit's entire combined sewer system. The
                            issues and conflicts concerning park development are discussed
                            in Part Four of this report.

                                                          38

         DEVELOPMENT          Although it is not within the scope of this project to program
                              the areas outside of the nodes or Linkage System, these areas
              PROGRAM         cannot be ignored if the parks and surrounding uses, existing
                              or proposed, are to be more than a continuation of fragmented
                              projects that already dot the Detroit landscape. It is anti-
                              thetical to the basic concept expressed in any "linked" system
                              to ignore surrounding uses. Because of the significant location
                              of this project, surrounding land uses are undoubtedly going
                              to change, and therefore, it is necessary to make certain pro-
                              grammatic assumptions concerning these uses. The first step
                              in this process is to anticipate potential users--those from
                              existinq development and those from future development in and
                              around the area.

                              POTENTIAL USERS

                              Residential

                              Existing: Lafayette/Elmwood housing including many senior
                                         citizens; high rise housing east of Belle Isle
                                         Bridge; multi-family housing in the project area
                                         (concentrated along Jefferson in the Chene Node).
                              Future Potential: Conti.nued development of Lafayette/Elmwood
                                         housing; development of housing in the CBD and in
                                         the project area itself; riverfront project west
                                         of Cobo Hall.

                              Office

                              Existing:  Renaissance Center, CBD, Jefferson Strip, some
                                         offices in project area.
                              Future Potential: Continued development of Renaissance
                                         Center east; support offices to Renaissance Center
                                         in project area; development of new office center
                                         in project area; warehouse conversions.

                                                            39

                             Commercial/Entertainment

                             Existing: Jefferson Avenue strip including auto dealerships;
                                         beginnings of restaurant/entertainment district in
                                         Franklin Street area; shopping area of Renaissance
                                         Center; CBD.
                             Future Potential: Continued development of Renaissance Cen-
                                         ter; expansion of Franklin Street entertainment
                                         district; support commercial for future housing;
                                         tourist/conventioneer related commercial; river-
                                         front restaurant/entertainment potential; ware-
                                         house conversions; Cadillac Center.

                             Industrial

                             Existing: Employment force in project area.
                             Future Potential: Expansion of industrial corridor including
                                         north of Jefferson; industrial infill along Frank-
                                         lin Street.

                             Institutional

                             Existing: Martin Luther King High School; hospitals on Jeff-
                                         erson; U.S. Immigration; Coast Guard; churches
                                         on Jefferson.
                             Future Potential: Community College Pro rams; Wa ne State
                                         University cultural programs ?e.g. GlNe Playhouse);
                                         branch museums; municipal functions to serve new
                                         housing: libraries, mini-police station, fire
                                         station, neighborhood City Hall.

                             Recreational

                             Existing: Fishing; Hart Plaza; bike routes in Lafayette/Elm-
                                         wood.
                             Future Potential: Complete recreational development for local
                                         as well as regional users, tourists and convention-
                                         eers; overflow from Hart Plaza.

                                                           40

                             Each of the different types of users would require specifi-
                             cally different types of functions to take place on the
                             Linkage System or in a given activity node. For example, if
                             no housing were developed around the sites, the primary
                             housing use might be from Lafayette/Elmwood. Therefore,
                             specific housing related activities such as a tot-lot might
                             then be appropriate. Given the former instance residential
                             users might be less significant than office users enjoying
                             -lunch outdoors. Given the latter case, the reverse would
                             be true. Priority of use distinctively changes. If fishing
                             were the primary use, the riverwalk access may be most appro-
                             priately car-orientated; if office or residential users pre-
                             dominated, it might be most appropriately pedestrian orient-
                             ated.

                             The analysis has pointed out the viability of retaining a
                             mixed use character in the area. The Linkage System and
                             parks must then be programmed assuming all potential users
                             are possible-from senior citizens to youngsters, from resid-
                             ents to tourists. This requires the design to stand alone
                             regardless of future land use and to be adaptable to future
                             land uses. The Linkage System then takes on a very import-
                             ant role since it will be a permanent element that must re-
                             late to the parks as well as other development, even though
                             the land uses around them will be changing for many years to
                             come.

               Refer to page 45 DEVELOPMENT NODES

                             New development will instigate the land use changes discussed
                             above. To facilitate further discussion, the project area
                             has been broken into three Development Nodes in addition to
                             the Chene and Mt. Elliott Park Nodes. They are the Renaissance,
                             Parke-Davis and Uniroyal Development Nodes and encompass the
                             geographical area surrounding each of these major operations.
                             Certain assumptions were made concerning the development possi-
                             bilities for each node. These assumptions are based on avail-

                                                          41

                           able information, stated city policies and the best profess-
                           ional judgement of the planners. They are meant only to give
                           some direction to the overall linkage programming.

                           Renaissance Node

                           The effect of the Renaissance Center as a catalyst for re-
                           newed vitality in and near Downtown has been significant.
                           With Phase II now under construction, it is assumed that:

                                 � Development will continue eastward, with economic
                                   pressure eventually forcing the overtaking of surface
                                   parking lots.
                                 � With the elimination of parking lots, a riverfront
                                   easement for public access can be obtained.
                                 � Provisions can be made for security concerns of pri-
                                   vate developmentsladjacent to the public easement to
                                   insure marketability.
                                 � At this conceptual stage of LRPP planning, it is not
                                   critical to determine whether this development con-
                                   tinues as office/commercial or whether housing is
                                   introduced.
                                 � Federal Marine Terminals, now adjacent to Renaissance
                                   Center parking lots, will eventually move into new
                                   port facilities downriver, creating new land for de-
                                   velopment and making available a public river edge
                                   easement.
                                 � The trend of building conversions along Franklin
                                   Street will continue and expand into the Chene Node
                                   along Atwater Street and the Mt. Elliott Node at the
                                   foot of Adair Street. Existing industry contributes
                                   to the character of this street and is assumed to be
                                   visually improved. Infill buildings in scale with
                                   the surroundings will be added to give better spatial
                                   definition.

                                                         ,42

                               Parke-Davis Node

                               Parke-Davis' recent announcement to leave the city is cause
                               for concern, but also opens the possibility for new develop-
                               ment.   It is assumed that:

                                     . The buildings which have historical significance will
                                       remain and be adaptively reused.
                                     . This is a prime location adjoining the Chene Node for a
                                       11new town-in town" multi-use development.

                               Uniroyal Node

                               Uniroyal has reduced operations at its facility. Therefore,
                               it is assumed that:

                                       Consolidation of facilities may take place, opening
                                       some buildings for adaptive reuse or clearing for new
                                       development.
                                       Parking may be centralized to free land for new devel-
                                       opment and riverfront access.

                               Conclusions

                                       Generally, potential riverfront developers seem to be
                                       reluctant to permit public access at the river's edge.
                                       However, competent design of the public areas and the
                                       individual projects can satisfy this concern for sec-
                                       urity. Nevertheless, it must be assumed that this
                                       long-standing apprehension will not be relieved over-
                                       night:
                                       Existing private ownership of riverfront land makes the
                                       riverwalk/bicycle path unachieveable in the short range.

                                                               43

                                   Since the riverwalk/bicycle path cannot be realized
                                   immediately, a secondary east-west link must be es-
                                   t6blished. This is critica'l*because construction of
                                   a park is likely in the short range, but without access
                                   it would fail due to lack of use.

                            With these factors in mind, a basis for programming the Link-
                            age System is established. (Note that the "Linkaqe System"
                            refers to the east-west routes. Access from the north is
                            also critical and is discussed in Chapter 4 of this part.)
                            The two routes now determined as necessary in the Linkage
                            System are distinguished as follows: THE RIVER LINK refers
                            to the pedestrian promenade/bicycle path at the edge, ulti-
                            mately envisioned by the Recreation Department. These pri-
                            mary programmatic elements will be complimented by some of
                            those also found in the INTERPRETIVE LINK. The Interpretive
                            Link will be built in existing street right-of-ways and will
                            draw its programmatic imput from the surrounding warehouse
                            district with its historic significance, industrial base and
                            entertainment establishments.

                                                         44

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                                                                                                                                                                                     RIVERFRONT
                                                                                                                                                                                     PARKS
                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT
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                                                                                                                      45

               CRITERIA      The site and program analysis suggest certain overall object-
                             ives that proposed planning and design should address. These
                             criteria, by which the design is judged, are summarized below
                             and apply not only to the Project Link Area but to node design
                             as well.

                             HISTING USES

                              Existing, economically viable uses should be encouraged to
                              remain and upgrade facilities.
                              Existing land uses compatible with the proposed plan should
                              be allowed to expand.
                              Existing operations should be consolidated to intensify land
                              use
                             �Whe@e existing viable operations must be removed because of
                              incompatability with proposed development incentives should
                              be used for relocation within city limits.
                             �Non-water related uses at the river's edge should be removed
                              or adaptively reused.
                             �Sound or significant structures should be upgraded and adap-
                              tively reused where appropriate to new development.
                             .Demolition of existing sound structures should be avoided
                              except where they detract from the character and scale of
                              prevailing development.

                             NEW DEVELOPMENT

                             .Suitable areas for new development should be created through
                              removal of existing incompatible land uses.
                             .New development should improve and intensify the use of the
                              land.
                             .New development should expand and reinforce existing land
                              uses that are presently under-represented in the project
                              area. This applies particularly to residential development.
                              New development should provide a permanent user base for the
                              linkages and parks through introduction of housing.

                                                         47

                              New development should be integrated into the overall Gen-
                              eral Development plan for compatibility of views, circula-
                              tion,.access, scale, character and identity.

                            VEHICULAR CIRCULATION/PARKING

                              The circulation system should provide clear access to the
                              parks and other points which in turn provide access to the
                              river.
                              The existing system should be revised to create an effi-
                              cient system with minimal conflicts among different modes
                              (car, truck, train, trolley, bicycle).
                              Truck routes should be defined to avoid existing and
                              future conflicts.
                              Existing parking lots at the river edge should be removed
                              or relocated.
                              Existing and proposed parking areas should be consolidated
                              and centralized to serve various uses and release land for
                             .development.
                            � Public transportation should be expanded and new systems
                              provided.
                            � A rail system should be devised that neither interrupts
                              service to remaining industries nor interferes with
                              existing and proposed development.
                            � Existing track which is not incorporated into the revised
                              rail system should be abandoned to avoid conflicts with
                              potential development.

                            LINKAGE SYSTEM

                              The Linkage System should physically connect the Renais-
                              sance Center and Belle Isle and major development in
                              between.

                                                        48

                               The Linkage System should contain activities as well as
                               connect them. On the Riverlink such activities might be
                               a bicycle path and pedestrian promenade -- on the Inter-
                               pretive Link, historical displays and window tours of
                               adjacent industries.
                               The Linkage System should allow for eventual continuous
                               pedestrian and bicycle access along the waterfront.
                               The Linkage System should provide visual and physical
                               access to the waterfront.
                               The Linkage System should define major entries to the
                               parks, new development and significant areas of existing
                               development as well as to the waterfront.
                               The Linkage System should bear a distinct identity and
                               image that facilitates and encourages development.
                               The Linkage System should be designed for maximum security
                               both for public users and adjacent private developments.
                               The Linkage System should be designed for minimal main-
                               tenance.

                            PARK SYSTEM

                               The Park System should provide activity centers along the
                               Linkage System.
                               The Park System should be designed for a wide variety of
                               users.
                               The Park System should be adaptable to changing land uses.
                               The Park System should encourage development through defi-
                               nition of pleasing "front yards".
                               The Park System should maximize river edge use.
                               To establish a strong identity and image, the Park System
                               should capitalize on its unique location among industry
                               and, most notably, at the waterfront.
                               The Park System should be designed for maximum security.
                               The Park System should be designed for minimum maintenance.

                                                           49

             PROPOSED      LAND USE.
           LAND USE &      In order to realize all of the criteria outlined in the
                           ,receeding section, a gradual change in land use pattern is
         CIRCULATION,      assumed to take place. The program analysis points to con-
                           solidation, adaptive reuse and new development to occur.
                           The assumed pattern of this development is indicated on the
                           Land Use & Circulation Plan. The plan is highly generalized
                           but is based on alternatives and discussions with the
                           Recreation Department, CEDD, Planning, and various segments
           Refer to pages 58-9 of the private business community. It is not meant to be
                           either utopian or inflexible; changes and updating will un-
                           doubtably occur as economic pressures come to bear. It
                           does, however, give a guideline for organizing and directing
                           those pressures and, more pertinent to this project, a
                           basis upon which the park sites can be planned.
                           The most significant change in thetgroposed land use is the
                           condition at the river's edge. Al ough we have acknow-
                           ledged that this land use pattern is not absolute, the
                          .acquisition of private land at the river's edge is neverthe-
                           less critical to the success of this project and the ulti-
                           mate fulfillment of the goals herein stated. Non-water-
                           related uses have been removed where possible -- at the very
                           least a River Link easement ranging from five to fifty feet
                           is shown. Most water-related industry was not considered
                           disruptive to the River Link. Specifically, the cement
                           companies have been analyzed, showing that public passage
                           through or around their land is feasible and that either
                           alternative will be acceptable. On the other hand is the
                           Coast Guard, a significant element in the Mt. ElliOtt Node
                           program. Although it will be necessary to direct the public
                           away from the edge at this area, it will hardly disrupt the
                           continuity of the River Link.

                            Another notable modification is the designation of large
                            amounts of land for development. This category broadly refers
                            to non-industrial land uses that relate to a pedestrian-
                            oriented, human scale as opposed to an industrial, machine
                            scale. Appropriate uses include commercial, entertainment,
                            recreational and most imnortantly, residential. In the nodes
                            themselves, swathes of land are cut north-south from the
                            park sites to Jefferson Avenue. These zones are integral in
                            creating an image of renewed vitality and development at the
                            river.

                            The issue of establishing blocks of land for   new use develop-
                            ment could be a sensitive one and the following observations
                            are meant to clarify the position in this report. For example,
                            it would appear at first glance that industrial land uses have
                            been substantially reduced, and in fact, the actual acreage
                            has been decreased fifty percent. However, two factors serve
                            as an explanation. First, this study is being conducted with
                            the goal of incorporating other land uses in riverfront areas-
                            a goal that is consistent with that of the City of Detroit
                            and its planning agencies. Second, existing acreage that was
                            calculated includes'large portions of underutilized and vacant
                            land and parking areas. By means of more efficient planning
                            and land use structuring, most of the industries displaced by
                            development could be relocated within the project area.
                            Every effort was made to locate new development not only in
                            areas appropriate to revised land uses, but also where dis-
                            ruption of existing operations, industrial or otherwise, was
                            minimal.

                            The land use configuration presented here obviously will not
                            be achieved immediately and therefore "Part 4: Implementation"
                            will show the phasing as recommended to be consistent with
                            this proposed land use plan.

                                                          52

            Refer to pages 58-9 CIRCULATION

                             As the land uses change, so too must the circulation system.
                             As previously mentioned, there are many conflicts already
                             existing in the area. Because of the intensity of these con-
                             flicts, this study deals heavily with their resolution. How-
                             ever, it should be pointed out that the following recommenda-
                             tions are tentative.   Actual implementation relies on the
                             pattern of land use that eventually evolves in the link area.
                             It is also understood that all conflicts cannot be permanently
                             resolved in light of the mixed land use pattern advocated by
                             this report.

                             The major element of the proposed circulation is the Linkage
                             System which is devoted primarily to pedestrians, and bicycle
                             movement. Because of its importance, it is discussed separ-
                             ately in the section which immediately.follows.

                             Trucks

                             The most severe vehicular problem is the conflict with trucks,
                             and therefore a number of truck routes are proposed. At the
                             west end of the project area, a route on Rivard-Woodbridge-
                             Riopelle is shown which assumes that Franklin Street is fur-
                             ther developed and strongly oriented to pedestrians. To
                             facilitate truck movement "no parking" restrictions should
                             be placed on Rivard and Riopelle. Existing industry on
                             Franklin Street would be serviced through a "local trucks
                             only" system. Further, making Franklin Street one-way east-
                             bound between Rivard and Jos. Campau would force trucks away
                             !rom Franklin Street to the designated truck routes while
                             increasing the attractiveness of Franklin for redevelopment.
                             Although difficult to enforce and open to strong resistance,
                             it is also possible to require "no commercial vehicle standing"
                             on Franklin between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. and between 6 p.m. and
                             12 p.m. to limit conflict with restaurants.

                                                          53

                            The second suggested truck route is found in the Chene Node
                            along St. Aubin Street. This would service Medusa Cement
                            directly. A new traffic signal at the St. Aubin-Jefferson
                            intersection would enhance this route but a conflict will
                            remain with local trucks using Woodbridge, which is part of
                            the Interpretive Link.

                            A third truck route follows Jos. Campau, Wight and Walker:
                            This route would serve the Parke-Davis area and other busi-
                            nesses in the central area of the project. Parking restrict-
                            ions would not be imposed on Walker and Jos. Campau north of
                            Wight, but parking should be allowed only on one side of
                            Wight between Jos. Campau and Walker. An alternative to the
                            use of Jos. Campau would be Chene Street, if the right-of-
                            way can be increased. This increase is considered necessary
                            since Chene will be a major access route to the parks for
                            pedestrians and bicycles as well as cars. A wider right-of-
                            way would provide room for a landsca ed buffer between the
                            roadway (that would carry the trucks@ and the pedestrian/
                            bicycle paths.

                            These routes, with proper signage and enforcement, would ease
                            most major truck traffic problems under the proposed land use
                            scheme. However, an alternate or complimentary proposal is
                            Possible: Establish a truck routing system based on partic-
                            ular times and days of use. This would be feasible if park
                            use were most intense when truck traffic was not. This is
                            likely to be the case. For example, peak park use might be
                            on weekends and holidays when truck traffic is minimal.
                            Therefore, truck access to certain streets could be restricted
                            on those days only. Ultimately, the implementation of either
                            or both of these proposals will require careful consideration
                            of the concerns of all affected parties.

                                                        54

                             Trains

                             Although train tracks abound in the area, the Conrail System
                             does not interfere greatly with the planned circulation.
                             Minor problems might be expected at Mt. Elliott, Jos. Campau,
                             Chene and Orleans with the introduction of new development.
                             Completely abandoning the Conrail tracks would,in the long
                             ranqe,be ideal for general appearance and in facilitating
                             redevelopment, especially in the Nodes.

                             Automobile/Parking

                             The Linked Riverfront Parks are not auto-oriented recreational
                             facilities and therefore, the advisable strategy should be to
                             direct cars to parking facilities soon after they turn into
                             the entrance to the nodes. Ideally, parking facilities should
                             be located to intercept near Franklin Street and St. Antoine,
                             Atwater,and Rivard, Atwater and Orleans, Atwater and Chene,
                             and Wi3ht and Mt. Elliott. Exact locations for parking facil-
                             ities epend greatly upon the results of redevelopment actions
                             in the project area. Potential parking sites for the Nodes
                             are shown in those specific land use drawings. The amount of
                             parking to be provided depends more upon non-recreational de-
                             velopment in the project area than on the parks themselves.

                             Parking demand for park users should not exceed 300 spaces for
                             the Chene Node Park and 150 spaces for the Mt. Elliott Node
                             park.

                             Mass Transit

                             Public transportation would greatly relieve parking needs and
                             reduce conflicts. A final alignment has been selected for the
                             Downtown People Mover. A station proposed at Renaissance
                             Center would service the park system via St. Antoine Street-
                             this system is integrated with CBD parking facilities. A

                                                         55

                            light rail system is under discussion and is proposed at grade
                            along Woodbridge between St. Antoine and the SEMTA tracks
                            (near Orleans Street). A station at the southeast corner of
                            Woodbridge and Rivard is planned which would reinforce Franklin
                            Street development and would be an entry point to the parks.
                            Pedestrian amenity improvements could be made, linking the
                            transit station to the Interpretive Link along Franklin Street
                            and the River Link further south. A trolley route is proposed
                            although this system is only under very preliminary discussion.
                            A trolley, however, is very much in character with proposed
                            conversions and the "entertainment" nature of some of the area.
                            The route is proposed to cross the MacArthur Bridge, providing
                            a convenient connection between the Linked Riverfront parks
                            and Belle Isle (the trolley would also provide shuttle service
                            to the island from a proposed parking lot near the bridge).

                            No other major improvements in public transportation are en-
                            visioned. At the present time, the Detroit Department of
                            Transportation (DDOT) Route 35 (Mt. Elliott) provides service
                            to the Chene Node. Several existing routes use Jefferson
                            Avenue and stops could be easily coordinated with major en-
                            trances to park nodes. The Belle Isle bus route (DDOT #4)
                            which now terminates at Jefferson and the MacArthur Bridge
                            could be modified to improve the connection between the Linked
                            Riverfront Parks and Belle Isle. The recommended route would
                            be west on Jefferson to Chene, south on Chene to Franklin,
                            east on Franklin to Jos. Campau, north on Jos. Campau to
                            Jefferson and back to Belle Isle. This route would connect
                            Belle Isle to both the Chene and Mt. Elliott nodes. A further
                            modification could extend to Renaissance Center, following
                            the proposed trolley allignment until the trolley is oper-
                            ational.

                                                        56

                             Water Transportation
                             A tourboat or watertaxi system has been proposed for the
                             river. Circulation considerations should provide boats at
                             approximately 30-minute intervals. Boats would not discharge
                             passengers and then wait for them to reboard; rather, it
                             would pick up new passengers and proceed to the next stop.
                             The discharged passengers would have adequate time on the
                             site and could depart on a later boat. Daily passes could
                             allow passengers to make as many stops as possible and still
                             return to the starting point. The tourboat would operate as
                             a rivergoing bus with stops at scenic locations along the
                             river.

                                                         57

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            Refer to pages 64-5 LINKAGE ALIGNMENT

                            The Linkage Alignment plan highlights the elements which were
                            important in determining the routes of the two segments of the
                            Linkage System. The Interpretive Link was charted according
                            to the following factors: the location of significant historic
                            places, areas with captivating industrial operations, streets
                            with restaurant and entertainment establishments, areas with
                            notable physical amenities such as buildings or old street
                            paving and locations with good potential viewing to the river
                            and other focal points. Although these attractions are spotted
                            throughout the whole project area, the route chosen was deter-
                            mined to have the highest concentration of features for ex-
                            ploitation in the design. Deviating from the "beaten path"
                            is expected and hoped for.

                            The River Link is obviously oriented to the water. However,
                            because of the river's long and colorful history--from ribbon
                            farms to cement stacks--the River Link will assume many of
                            the same elements as the Interpretive Link. Its distinguish-
                            ing features will be exclusively pedestrian promenade and
                            the bicycle path.
                            The Interpretive Link will be constructed in the existing
                            street right-of-ways and thus will act as a catalyst for de-
                            velopment along the way. Landscaping, street furniture,
                            special lighting, signage and other elements relating par-
                            ticularly to the pedestrian will give it identity. Further-
                            more, the Interpretive Link will be easier to implement than
                            the River Link which will require acquisition of private
                            land for conversion to public easements.

                            Presently, there are two general obstacles to the retention
                            of riverfront easements: water-related industry at the water's
                            edge and the concerns of potential developers for security.
                            In the former instance, most water edge uses have been recog-

                                                         60

                             nized for the interest the arouse, and removal is neither
                             desired nor recommended. in the latter case, it is strongly
                             felt that security concerns can be satisfied with competent
                             and imaginative design of both the River Link and the pro-
                             posed projects. With this in mind, it is recommended that
                             the City adhere to its commitment of public access to the
                             river's edge.

                             Access to the'Linkage System from the north is critical and
                             six major points are shown at St. Antoine, Orleans, Chene,
                             Adair, and Mt. Elliott streets and MacArthur Bridge. Access
                             for pedestrians, bicycles and cars would be improved on all
                             these streets (no bicycles on St. Antoine).    In addition,
                             ramps for bicycles and pedestrians would be   built around the
                             bridge to provide access to the River Link. The grade change
                             here is significant, but there is more than   sufficient space
                             to des i gn comf ortabl e ramps .

                             The following chart catalogues the functions that have been
                             tentatively determined for the Linkage System, and is accom-
                             panied by a list of items to be considered in the design
                             process.

                             Riverlink Functions

                             FUNCTION                       CONSIDERATIONS

                             Walking/Promenade              Minimum width ten feet, type
                                                            of paving, separation of traf-
                                                            fic, lighting, security.
                             Jogging/Exercise  Course       Conflict with bikers, pedes-
                                                            trians, signage (Vita course).
                             Fishing                        Rail design should accommodate
                                                            rod holders, car access impor-
                                                            tant.

                                                            61

                             Observation/Overlooks          Steps, raised areas, handi-
                                                            capped access, fixed or movable
                                                            view magnifiers, landmark maps.
                             Sunbathing                     Clearings, slopes, south/west
                             Self-propelled Boating         orientation.
                                                            Quiet water lagoons, equipment
                             (Pedal boats)                  rental, water depth hazards.
                             Model Yachting and Boat Play   Quiet water lagoons, viewing,
                                                            shallow water depths.

                             Interpretive Link Functions

                             Industrial Interpretive        Signage, injury liability,
                                                            tours, public access, monuments,
                                                            museums.
                             Passive Game Playinq           Permanent game boards, informa-
                                                            tion, equiPment rental.
                             Commercial Areas               Canopies, street furniture,
                                                            landscape.

                             River Link and Interpretive Link Functions

                             Eating/Picnicking              Tables, benches, concessions,
                                                            vendors, restaurants, outdoor
                                                            cafes, security, lighting.
                             Vendors                        Pavilions, canopies, ramps in
                                                            lieu of steps.
                             Historical Interpretive        Signage, pavement marking, tours,
                                                            historical monuments, information,
                                                            museums.
                             Exhibits                       Shelters, Kiosks, lighting,
                                                            signage, vehicular access

                                                            62

                              Flora Observation               Interpretive signs, viewing
                                                              from boats, maintenance con-
                                                              cerns, lighting.
                              Information                     Kiosks, maps.
                              Biking                          Racks, rental areas, continuous
                                                              paving (asphalt), separation of
                                                              traffic, level changes, minimum
                                                              widths: 4 feet one-way, 8 feet
                                                              two-way.
                              Walking/Bike Tours              Bike rental, signage, pavilions,
                                                              information, lighting.
                              Sitting/Viewing                 Benches (average every 60 feet)
                                                              sun/wind protection, slopes,
                                                              sight lines.
                              Great Lakes Shipping            View magnifiers, identification
                                                              systems, historical land uses,
                                                              nautical monuments, museums

                              Support Functions

                                 Public Transportation        Trolley, shuttle bus, horse and
                                                              carriage, water taxi, shelters,
                                                              ticket areas, information.
                                 Maintenance                  Vehicle access, litter contain-
                                                              ers'. snow removal, vandal-proof
                                                              fixtures, clearance, widths,
                                                              means of access, maintenance
                                                              facility, handrail design.
                                 Police/Fire                  Overhead clearances, widths,
                                                              means of access, scooter or
                                                              equestrian patrol, mini-stations,
                                                              view corridors.

                                                             63

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                                                                                                                                                                LINKED
                                                                                                                                                                RIVERFRONT
                                                                                                                                                                PARKS
                                                                                                                                                                PROJECT
                                                                           PROJECT LINK AREA
                                                                           LINKAr-w"E ALIGNMENT PLAN

                                                                                                           65

                   DFSIGN     PROPOSED GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
                              The General Development Plan is a culmination of all analysis,
                              and planning in the Project Link area. Programmatically the
                              Project area has been separated into Linkages and Nodes. The
                              Linkage system provides multi-use linear activities and con-
                              nects the major development Nodes together. These Nodes
                              derive their basis from the major development occurring within.
                              The Renaissance Development is dominated by the Renaissance
                              Center and related parking. The General Development Plan pro-
                              poses a major access linkage along the river in order to con-
                              nect the entire LRPP area with Hart Plaza and the CBD. The
                              Linkage will enhance the river's edge in front of Renaissance
                              Center and provide landscape buffers along its present parking
                              lots. Further, the emerging restaurant district on Franklin
                              Street within this Node will be enhanced through the design
                              of the Interpretative Link and connecting into the Chene Node.

                              Most new recreation use is designed for the Chene and Mt.
                              Elliott Nodes. The Linkage System is intended to connect
                              with and through these Nodes. It is further meant to connect
                              both these Nodes together into one Park system. This provi-
                              sion is accomodated by linking through the Parke-Davis develop-
                              ment at the river's edge.

                              As the Riverlink proceeds past the Mt. Elliott Node, the Uni-
                              royal development is encountered. Linkage is primarily pro-
                              vided at the water's edge in front of Uniroyal and also along
                              its northern edge at Jefferson Avenue. Here the LRPP is com-
                              plete by connecting the whole project to the Belle Isle Bridge
                              and its eastern en-ry at Gabriel Richard Park.

                              Properly designed, the whole Linkage/Node System will not only
                              act as an entire park and recreation system but as a catalyst
                              for all future public and private development in the area.

                                                            67

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                    RENAISSANCE
                      CENTER          PARKLETT                                                                   1161.      3
                       AL                                                        PARKLETT
                                                                                              HURON
                                                                                              CEMENT           ST. AUBIN PARK    MEDUSA
                                                                                 BI           Co.                                CEMENT   CHENE PARK        PENN NXIE
                                                                                                                                 Go.                       @CEMENT CO.

                                                                                                                                                           DETROlt

                                                                                               68

                                                                                                                                                                                             GRAND
                                                           WALKER     cr                                            MI ELLIOTT                                                  DF           BLVD
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                                                                                                                         ENTRY           JEFFERSON

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                                                                                          PORT SITE                                                                                                PARK
                         4 u-
                                            11                                            DEVIELOPMEN@;
                                                                                                                                                                           BELLE   ISLE
                                                                                                                                                                            PARKING/ENTRY
                                                                                                                                                                  PU,*&R  HOUSE
                                                                                                                                                                 CONVERSION
                                                                                                                                                UNIROYAL   EW-AE
                                                                                                                                               DEVELOPMENT
                                                                                                                         MI ELLIOTT                                             DI
                                                                                                                         PARK
                           PARKE -- DAVIS DEVELOPMENT          .ADAIR  STREET                            COAST GUARD
                                                               WAREHOUSE
                                                               DEVELOPMENT         MARINA
                                                                       cl

                             RIVER

                                                                                                                                                                                           LINKED
                                                                                                                                                                                           RIARFRONT
                                                                                                                                                                                           FARKS
                                                                                                                                                                                           1DROJECI or-' @wowo
                                             PROJECT           LINK AREA
                                             PROPOSED, GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
                                 p

                                                                                                                      69

                             THE RIVER LINK

                             This is ultimately the primary link for providing public ac-
                             cess to the waterfront. As can be seen in the design sections
                             it varies along its length according to functional or physi-
                             cal restraints which in turn provide visual variety and in-
                             terest. Each section contains three common elements: river-
                             walk at the edge; bicycle path in-land but visually related
                             to the edge; and landscaped dividers or boundaries. These
                             landscaped boundaries are particularly important where no
                             spatial edge exists such as along the Renaissance Center
                             parking lot.

                                                                                    FL-F-2 PLAN DETAIL

                          RENAISSANCE SECTION !'--I __1
                           A-A
                                                    n

                                                           70

                                       The riverwalk is proposed to be paved with aggregate con-
                                       crete and granite. Where space is restricted, as at
                                       Renaissance Center and Uniroyal, the River Link becomes a
                                       wood deck, either cantilevered or built on piers. A
                                       special system of lighting will also be designed to be used
                                       only on the River Link. In this way, the paving and lighting
                                       together will help to maintain the identity and image of the
                                       River Link.

                                                                     @_T

                                                                                      -o

                                     Separation between the River Link and the proposed Renaissance Center housing is provided
                                     by a projecting deck and a change of levei.

                                                                                 71

                                                                                                      Mao
                                                                                                     H a
                                                                                                       Joe loins I

                  ADAIR STREET SECTION
                  C-C

                         At selected spots the River Link
                         extends into the river or into the
                         land to provide overlooks, gather-
                         ing spots, large picknicking or
                         seating areas.   Where direct access
                         to the water is desired, (i.e. for
                         wading, etc.) the River Link cuts                       PLAN   DETAIL
                         into the land to provide a partially
                         protected pool which is less hazard-
                         ous than direct riverfrong access.
                         In areas where fishing is to be
                         discouraged (e.g. in front of new
                         development) the handrail is
                         unbroken.   Where fishing is to   be
                         encouraged, wood decks are extended
                         from the stepped portion of the    edge.
                         The question of safety, without    inter-
                         ferring with function or design, has
                         been considered in the edge/handrail
                         design.   Where the right-of-way is
                         generous, an 18" stepped down ledge
                         has been provided beyond the hand-
                         rails to allow a platform for climb-
                         ing out of the water.    Where space
                         is restricted, ladders must extend          The River Link w i I Iencourage development such as the
                         to water level  to provide handholds.       conversions at the Adair Street Warehouse area.

                                                                 72

                                               I IV mftt. +1P
                                      UNIROYAL PARKING SECTION
                                      D-D

                                         PLAN DETAIL
                                                                              all

                                     Looking  from the MacArthur    Bridge,  the River Link i   s defined   by edge' im-provemen ts a.nd landsca pe.
                                                                                                                  Lr

                                                                                              73

                           INTERPRETIVE LINK

                           The Interpretive Link has somewhat different design elements
                           than the River Link. Bicycling is seen as a temporary func-
                           tion important only until the River Link is developed. Bicy-
                           cles will never be discouraged from the area, but a separated
                           path is not planned due to the narrow street right-of-ways.
                           The Interpretive Link is more concerned with developing the
                           pedestrian aspects of the trail, emphasizing walking tours
                           and pedestrian access to housing, industrial operations and
                           commercial establishments.

                           Once the River Link is established it is assumed to relieve
                           any pedestrian congestion that might occur on the Interpre-
                           tive Link. Therefore, no street has been roposed for con-
                           version to an exclusive pedestrian "mall" 7this is not feas-
                           ible with mixed land use anyway). However, truck traffic
                           and parking are restricted along the Interpretive Link to
                           provide more space and a better atmosphere for pedestrian
                           activity.

                           The Interpretive Link will be identi.fied and unified by new
                           paving (or possibly the restoration of old paving), landscape
                           amenities, street furniture and historical/interpretive sign-
                           age.   Cooperation and participation of all merchants and
                           owners along the trail is desired in order to provide a mean-
                           ingful and exciting attraction for visitors.

                                                         74

                                                   F -                             J 4@
                                                         JMtJ
                                  FRAWLIN STREET SECTI N
                                  B-B

                                                          W

                                        PLAN DETAIL   1                                               .1 t C1 PLAN DETAIL

                            M",

                                         A

                        Ile Ir,,nllln 1,reel dL,,I,n will encourage a Ix,.re ol      ,Is ar1lel,e turns the RIver In, away Irom Ile .me-
                                                         cl@

                                                                                                                      kk

                        uses from restaurants to industry.                          diate edge and into the interpretive Link to bypass the
                                                                                    lluron Cement property.

                                                                              75

                               NORTH-SOUTH ACCESS

                               Although four of the six pro-
                               posed access points from Jeff-
                               erson are in the nodes it is
                                                                                               JO
                               appropriate that they be dis-
                               cussed with the Linkage System.
                                                                            _7
                               Each access street is seen to
                               be of the same character as                                                   171
                               the Interpretive Link.      How-
                               ever, a bicycle path is per-
                               manently proposed in these
                               sections since they will be
                               the main routes from Lafayette/
                               Elmwood and the CBD to the
                               River Link. The image of
                               Ifentry" is reinforced at Jeff-        The entry to Chene Park at Jefferson Avenue Is defined
                                                                      with signage, landscaping and an extension of the Cbene
                               erson through widened land-            Boulevard into the project area.
                               scape areas, and extension of
                               the boulevards that now run
                               north from Jefferson through
                               the Lafayette/Elmwood housing.

                               DESIGN INTENT

                               The entire Linkage System is intended as an elem     ent that
                               stands alone regardless of surrounding uses. It is seen        as
                               an active linear park where paving, lighting, landscaping,
                               and signage give it a distinct identity to the public. This
                               identifiable element would become the reference point through
                               which diverse existing development is connected and provides
                               a catalyst for n.ew development.

                                                              76

                                                        kA

     I
     I
     I
     I
     I
     11
     I
     I
     I
     I
     I                                                     ANALYSIS
     I                                                   PROGRAM
     I                                                      DESIGN
     I                                          I
     I                                      C I-N- NODE 2

                           OVERVIEW
              ANALYS11)
             Refer to page'81 The Chene Node is located approximately one third of the way
                           between the Renaissance Center and the Parke-Davis facility.
                           As such, it occupies a strategic position on the Linkage
                           System as the first major recreation "stop over". Fortunately
                           it is still within relatively easy walking distance of the
                           Renaissance Center and its parking lots (2/3 mile). It also
                           abutts the restaurant district along Franklin Street, is close
                           to the commuter rail station and is directly south of the
                           Lafayette/Elmwood housing development.- Because of its prime
                           location, the Node has the potential to be an intensely de-
                           veloped area.

                           NATURAL ANALYSIS

                           Most natural features in the Chene Node including soils, top-
                           ography, vegetation, wild life, and climatic conditions are
                           typical of the Project Link area discussed in Part 1. The
                           features specific to the Node apply to the river and its edge.

                           Water depths range from 18 to 22 feet, which is sufficient
                           for cement company boats to dock. The docking edge has been
                           improved with sheet piling and concrete which extend partially
                           into the Chene I and St. Aubin sites. The cement companies
                           have domain over any portion of the shore where their boats
                           dock, a factor to be considered in the park design.

                           PERCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

                           The visual obstructions typical of the project area are espec-
                           ially prevalent in this Node. A potential scenic easement to
                           the river from Jefferson is blocked by Famous Furniture and
                           the city-owned Ainsworth Warehouse. Provisions for such an
                           easement in this or another location is crucial to the image
                           of proposed new development. One notable view that should be

                                                        79

                          preserved is the Vista down Chene Street to the Canadian Club
                          silos. The flashing neon sign is a particularly strong focus
                          at night.

                          Noise in the area could also be detrimental to new develop-
                          ment. Trucks have a strong impact when moving to and from
                          Consolidated Docking (St. Aubin site) and the cement com-
                          panies. Not only are they noisy, but they tend to stir up
                          dust along the way. Certain industries, such as forging com-
                          panies contribute to noise, smoke and dust pollution. If
                          these operations are to be good neighbors to new development,
                          certain controls will be necessary to implement. Schervish,
                          Vogel, Merz is currently preparing an Environmental Assess-
                          ment report to address these impacts specifically.

                          Certain physical perceptions are created by buildings and
                          other man-made structures in the Mode. The area on Guoin
                          Street between Orleans and St. Aubin with its closely-spaced
                          warehouses and a "ceiling" of crane rails, has an intimacy
                          that belies its industrial base and opens into a "courtyard"
                          defined by a tall smokestack.

                          On the park sites, physic al definition is given by the bor-
                          dering cement silos. Chene #1 in particular is defined by
                          silos on either side, but it lacks a northern edge and tends
                          to bleed visually. Chene #2 bleeds into the vacant parcel
                          to the west. St. Aubin is strongly defined by the Medusa
                          silos to the east and the warehouses to the north. The west-
                          ern edge is enclosed by Huron Cement whose silos are less
                          imposing, but nonetheless define the boundary.

                                                        90

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                                                                                                       81

                             LAND USE AND CIRCULATION ANALYSIS

                             Land Use

                             Present land use patterns prevent this Node from becoming
                             intensely developed. It is a conglomeration of strip com
                             mercial, mid-rise housing, warehousing, industry and port
                             facilities. At the water's edge are the three cement com-
                             panies all of which rely on river access for their operations.
                             Between Huron and Medusa Cement, on the St. Aubin site, lies
                             Consolidated Docking, a container shipping company.

                             The cement companies represent major capital investments on
                             their sites and therefore, relocation is assumed to be un-
                             feasible in the short range. On the other hand, Consolidated
                             Docking's location raises many questions even though it is a
                             water-related industry. Its investment in the property is
                             considerably less than the cement companies; it occupies
                             nearly as much land as Huron, Medusa and Penn-Dixie combined;
                             the land is used primarily for container storage; each con-
                             tainer leaves the site on a truck, thereby impacting circula-
                             tion; and finally, it is located near the Renaissance Center,
                             the burgeoning restaurant/warehouse district and the Lafayette/
                             Elmwood housing. All these issues come to bear at a time when
                             the pressure for riverfront recreational land is very great.
                             Furthermore, Consolidated Docking moved onto the St. Aubin
                             site approximately five years ago when a park system had al-
                             ready been proposed for this segment of the riverfront (1972).

                             All of these arguments clearly indicate that the optimum use
                             of the St. Aubin site is recreational or public-related. It
                             is recommended that it be designed in conjunction with Chene
                             1 and that the two sites be physically connected. This can
                             be accomplished by closing Atwater, acquiring the land north
                             of Medusa Cement, or executing a land trade with Medusa cement.

                                                           n2

                               There are several parcels of vacant or undeveloped land in
                               this node. Chene I is being temporarily used for truck park-
                               ing. Because it was readily available for purchase by the
                               city, it has been earmarked for development as a park in order
                               to establish an anchoring recreational use in the LRPP area.
                               This analysis shows that a park in Chene I can be successful
                               due to existing users from the CBD and Lafayette/Elmwood as
                               well as new users from proposed surrounding development.

                               Along the north side of Atwater, vacant land at Orleans, St.
                               Aubin, Dubois and Chene should he acquired by the City
                               in order to devise a viable development plan for the node.
                               Vacant land at Orleans and Jefferson offers the potential to
                               develop a "west" entry into the node. A similar entry image
                               is even more desirable at Chene, but no land is currently
                               available. However, the city-owned EPMD building near Chene
                               and Jefferson is scheduled for demol ition and could be the
                               first step in opening land at this important intersection.
                               In the longer range, perceptions of the river from these
                               entry points should be enhanced.

                               At this time, there is a sufficient quantity of vacant land
                               to develop perceptual access to the river, but the configur-
                               ation is not suitable. Land trades are necessary for this
                               purpose, and the city can facilitate the process by acquiring
                               vacant land where possible.

                               Circulation

                               Because of the industrial land uses, there is a great deal of
                               truck circulation in the node. Conflicts occur at the restau-
                               rants and truck traffic is especially severe alonq Riopelle.
                               The problem is one of noise and dust rather than disruption
                               of traffic flow. A minor blockage often occurs on Woodbridge
                               where loading trucks partially block the street. Defined
                               truck routes and reorganized land uses will minimize conflicts
                               when development occurs.

                                                             83

                              Ease of access and a strong, positive image are absolutely
                              critical to draw the public into the parks and other non-
                              recreational development. Points of transition will occur
                              along Jefferson Avenue since it is the main traffic artery
                              serving the LRPP area. Analysis indicates that there are
                              two logical entry points for the Chene Node. Since Lafayette/
                              Elmwood residents are expected to be major park users, ex-
                              tension of Chene Boulevard south of Jefferson is recommended.
                              This establishes an entry at the east end of the Node and
                              provides access to the pivotal first phase of the parks de-
                              velopment.

                              A second entry is recommended at Orleans. Although this
                              street does not connect with a boulevard to the north, exist-
                              ing open space allows visual access to the river and physi-
                              cal access to the west end of the node. Extension of the St.
                              Aubin Boulevard from the north was determined to be unbene-
                              ficial. The Chene Boulevard is better located and requires
                              minimum acquisition of private land for the right-of-way.

                              URBAN STRUCTURES ANALYSIS

                              There are some truly "significant" structures in the Chene
                              Node. The most dominating structures are the Medusa and
                              Penn-Dixie cement silos which form a focused view along north/
                              south streets and are strongly evident from both Belle Isle
                              and Windsor. These  silos, because of their "purity" of form,
                              should not be taken as a negative, as they give strong defi-
                              nition to the Node. The Huron Cement silos are not as domi-
                              nating and are less significant from a spatial point of view.

                              For significance in terms of scale, character and charm, the
                              following buildings have particular value and should be exam-
                              ined closely for potential adaptive reuse or at least rehabil-
                              itation:

                                                            84

                                    � Globe Trading Company (site of the Great Lakes largest
                                      shipping operation until the 1920's)
                                    � Douglass Machinery (warehouse)
                                    � Lauhoff Company (located here for nearly 100 years,
                                      operated by the original family)
                                    � Northern Engineering
                                    � Franklin Street Facade of Ainsworth Warehouse.
                                    . Carriage [louse (across from Ainsworth)
                                    � Carriage House (north side of Woodbridge next to Brahaus)
                                    � Charles Du Charme Carriage House

                               The following structures are significant because they have
                               existed as or been converted to restaurants (some restaurants
                               are not mentioned here because they lie outside the Node
                               boundaries as shown in this document):

                                      Rhinoceros
                                      Soup Kitchen
                                      Woodbridge Tavern
                                      Brahaus
                                      Clementine's

                               Certain buildings detract from the character of the Node be-
                               cause of their architectural style, condition of physical
                               plant, or inopportune location. The buildings and the specific
                               conflicts they pose are listed here and discussed at length
                               in Part 4: Implementation:

                                      Famous Furniture (Poor visual image at Jefferson for
                                      park entry development)
                                      Shell Gas Station (park entry development)
                                      EPMD Garage (park entry development)
                                      Ainsworth Warehouse (scenic easement, new development)
                                      Standard Iron and Forge (noise, smoke, dirt)
                                      Central Iron Foundry- (dirt)

                               Overall, there is a series of "red brick" buildings whose scale
                               and character should set the pace for the redevelopment of the
                               area.

                                                            85

                PROGRAM        NODE PROGRAM
                               Because of the mixed-use, underutilized and generally deteri-
                               orated nature of the area, a highly developed urban park
                               would stand in total isolation if an overall development
                               scheme is not created for the node. The potential viability
                               of this approach can be glimpsed by the slow though persist-
                               ent expansion of restaurant facilities along Franklin Street.
                               These, combined with the introduction of a park system, will
                               give impetus for continued private economic development. A
                               network of parks in isolation, however, runs the risk of being
                               underutilized or worse still, a "white elephant". The node's
                               proximity to the Renaissance Center, however, makes this un-
                               likely. Since there is no real overall plan for the Node, it
                               was important to anticipate probable development and to pro-
                               pose some rationale for its dispersement in order that the
                               parks themselves might be properly designed.

                               The first assumption made was that any private development
                               south of Jefferson Avenue must have some identity or tie to
                               Jefferson and not be hidden behind an industrial pocket or
                               chaotic commercial strip. Since the present vacant land con-
                               figuration does not allow for this, a development area reach-
                               ing to Jefferson should be created while minimally disrupting
                               viable economic activities. One border of this new develop-
                               ment could -front the parks, the other border could front Jef-
                               ferson Avenue and tie-in to the park entry image. Because
                               of the character of existing buildings this new development
                               could, at least partially, be adaptive reuse of existing
                               b u i 1 d i n g s

                               Programmatically, the development could take two possible
                               directions:

                                                            87

                                  � An expansion of new housing south of Jefferson to the
                                    river (this was originally proposed years ago). A
                                    potential problem with this type of development would
                                    be its adjacency to heavy industry such as Standard
                                    Iron and Forge. The introduction of housing, however,
                                    would provide a permanent user base and would fulfill
                                    a city goal of bringing more residents downtown and
                                    to the river. This programmatic element is also rein-
                                    forced by the fact that two major housing structures
                                    already exist in the node.

                                  � An expansion of the entertainment character develop-
                                    ing along Franklin Street. This is programmatically
                                    attractive because it can directly give a "theme" and
                                    vitality to the parks. Furthermore, the reconstruc-
                                    tion of the Shakespearean Globe Playhouse, recently
                                    announced by the City and Wayne State University, is
                                    proposed to be located in the Node. This theatre
                                    ties in very nicely with the entertainment theme of
                                    the Node and by itself has the strength to force
                                    surrounding development to occur, including the re-
                                    habilitation and adaptive reuse of warehouses
                                    surrounding the park sites.

                             These two possible programmatic directions--increased housing
                             and commercial/recreational development--are not necessarily
                             in conflict. A mix of both could enhance the desired vitality
                             of the area. The problem at this point rests with programming
                             the parks relative to an unknown land use adjacent to them.
                             Because the users range from industrial workers eating lunch,
                             to entertainment users, to housing users, the parks moist be
                             programmed with enough flexibility to accommodate this wide mix.

                                                         88

                               PARK PROGRAM

                               Because of its location and gross programming concerns there
                               is no doubt that the Chene Node park should be developed as
                               intensely active while still allowing for some of the more
                               passive activities to occur. Consequently, this concern for
                               intensity, which is appropriate for an urban park, will not
                               bring the Chene Node into conflict with the very passive
                               Belle Isle, but rather will give a clear choice to Detroit
                               users of a variety of park types. A conflict does arise,
                               however, because of the funding sources fow- acquisition of
                               Chene #1 and the St. Aubin Site--Land and Water Conservation
                               Funds--is restrictive in how the park is programmed. This
                               funding source-allows no permanent structures other than
                               comfort stations and picnic shelters to be built on park land.
                               Consequently, intense uses are ruled out. Because of this
                               restriction it is programmatically recommended that the Chene
                               #2 site, already City-owned, not be developed strictly as a
                               park but be turned over to private or public development
                               which will enhance the intense activity desired (e.g. the
                               Globe Playhouse or housing). Additionally, a portion of the
                               St. Aubin Site owned by the Water Board should also be given
                               over to intense development (e.g. a waterfront restaurant).
                               This assures that all park borders with the exception of the
                               east border of Chene #1 (Penn-Dixie Cement) are available
                               for new development or conversion.

                               With these factors in mind, park functions were determined
                               which would promote and encourage use and which would be com-
                               plimentary to new development.

                               Active Functions

                               Canal: A canal was seen as a viable function for many rea-
                               sons: It encourages development along its edge; it creates
                               an area for temporary boat parking which is sorely needed in

                                                           89

                             downtown Detroit and brings another mode of transportation
                             to the development (especially vital if the entertainment
                             program predominates); it brings the Detroit River further
                             inland and closer to more users; it provides a scalar change
                             for variety; it strongly links the now separated rhene #1
                             and St. Aubin sites.

                             Water Feature: Because the park is directly related to the
                             river, it wiTs agreed that water should be its prime feature
                             and focal point. On the St. Aubin site, a waterfall dropping
                             into the canal was programmed. On the Chene site, an active
                             water-play sculpture is proposed where one can run and splash
                             through the water. It has already been successfully inte-
                             grated into urban parks in other cities.

                             Watertaxi/Tourboat-Stops: A tourboat has been proposed to
                             begin this fall (1979@T-on the Detroit River. If successful
                             the operator intends to expand this operation to include
                             larger "historical" ships. This system is seen as potentially
                             expanded to a river taxi service and a tourboat. This node
                             should therefore accommodate both possibilities with large
                             ship docking capacity at the river's edge and tourboat ca-
                             pacity right in the canal. Provisions should be made on shore
                             for ticket vending, information booths, and queueing and
                             waiting space.

                             Concert Barge Stop:   he City has no adequate facility for
                             "floating concerts". This dock could also be used for
                             other visiting ships. Provisions or moorings and anchoring,
                             utility connections and gangplanks should be made.

                             Amphitheatre and Stage: A viewing area would be required for
                             the concert barge. This amphitheatre, however, could also be
                             used -for passive viewing of the Detroit River, Windsor shore,
                             Great Lakes freighters, and other activity on the riverfront.
                             It is therefore programmed as a "soft", grassy amphitheatre
                             rather than a rigid, hard-edge one.

                                                         90

                               Temoorary Boat Parking: To provide access to the new on-
                               shore developments from the river, temporary parking for pri-
                               vate vessels is planned along the edge of the canal and in
                               small "marinas" near the entrance and exit of the canal. A
                               metering system might be considered. Provisiong should also
                               be made for wake and sewage emission control and for clear-
                               ances under bridges.

                               Passive Functions

                               Picnicking: To accommodate workers in the area at lunch time
                               as well as other visitors attracted to the active functions, a
                               distinct picnicking area should be provided as well as eating
                               areas related to surrounding entertainment functions, con-
                               cession stands and the like. Some sheltered picnic areas
                               should also be provided.

                               Viewing Areas: Distinct areas for viewing surrounding activ-
                               ities shot    be provided. The amphitheatre would be one ex-
                               ample of this but other platforms, steps and overlooks can be
                               provided including extensions that allow viewing the river's
                               edge and cement ships loading and unloading.

                               Fishing: Chene #1 is presently being used for some fishing
                               and tfie presumption is made that improved access and facili-
                               ties will bring more fishermen. This function should be
                               accommodated and defined specifically in the design.

                               Gardens: Formal and informal floral gardens will add color
                               and excitement to the parks. These large swatches of color
                               can also act as signposts to ships passing on the river.

                               Support Functions

                               Service/Maintenance: A maintenance yard for the park would
                               be located along the west boundary of Medusa Cement.

                                                              91

                             Vehicular Access: In order to make the island accessible to
                             maintenance and emergency vehicles and Medusa trucks, a bridge
                             would have to be built over the canal at either St. Aubln or
                             Dubois Street. The design of the bridge must give special
                             consideration for heavy vehicular loads and clearances for
                             boats in the canal. Certain paved areas -in the park must be
                             designed to withstand the weight of maintenance and emergency
                             vehicles.

                             Mechanical: Space for pumps and other equipment required for
                             tFe-wafe-rfall and water-play sculpture must be provided, and
                             should be in close Proximity to each feature.

                             Comfort Stations: Public facilities should be incorporated
                             into the park design and planned to be as durable, vandal-
                             proof and easy to maintain as possible.

                             Park Pavilions: Sheltered pavilions should be provided in
                             se ect places in the park5, including the picnic and viewing
                             areas. They are important to provide protection trom inten-
                             sities of sunlight, wind and other natural elements especially
                             for the senior users living nearby.

                             Concessions: Because of certain functions programmed for the
                             parks, an   he resulting volume of use anticipated, there will
                             be a need for vending, information and ticket booths in add-
                             ition to the pavilions discussed above.

                             The Functional Relationship diagram helps to clarify how the
                             elements of the Node's proposed development must function to-
                             gether so that a harmonious fabric is achieved. All the Park
                             functions are shown according to the association that each
                             one bears with the others. The strongest element is the canal
                             which ties together the Chene #1 and St. Aubin sites to create
                             one unified park. The Water Board and Chene #2 are shown as
                             new developments to serve and strengthen the use of the park.

                                                          92

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                                                                                                                                                   93

                             LAND USE DEVELOPMENT
                             The proposed land use pattern responds to the development
                             program that has been established. Entry zones are created
                             at Chene and Orleans, with view sheds maintained down each
                             street to the River.  New or converted development borders
                             the park sites to the north and west. A larger view shed
                             is shown through this new development (parking or open
                             space could be zoned in this area). Parking for the parks
                             and surrounding development is proposed along the Chene and
                             Orleans access corridors on land which is presently Vacant.
                             Uses as new or converted development would remain unchanged
                             but improvement of physical plants is recommended and en-
                             couraged. Heavy industry should be buffered from develop-
                             ment.

                             The Node has been divided into zones which are hased on ex-
                             isting site conditions and anticipated requirements when de-
                             velopment takes place.

                             Entry Image Zones are located at Jeffe rson and provide ident-
                             ity both for f   parks and for surrounding development.
                             Exis-tinq Mixed-Use/Industrial Zones are existing areas which
                             are seen as cleaned-up but not necessarily changes in use.
                             Warehouse Conversion/Development Zones are existing struc-
                             fures which are prime for adaptive reuse because of their
                             character or because they adjoin the park sites.
                             Development Zones are large areas seen as having strong po-
                             tential for new development. Structures existing in these
                             areas are seen as being removed or rehabilitated depending
                             upon the requirements of new development. These zones extend
                             to Jefferson Avenue to provide necessary identity to the
                             riverfront development.

                                                         94

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                                                                                                                                     95

                            Parking Zones are adjacent to the major entry streets. They
                            serve the parks and can be shared with new development.
                            Cement Company Zones are where cement companies exist and
                            extend into the water where boat easements are required.

                            Buffer Zones are areas requiring visual screening at eye
                            level.

                            On the park sites, major land use areas have been designated.
                            Entry plazas are defined at the foot of each major entry
                            street. These plazas allow for maintenance of view corridors
                            to Windsor and maintain sewer easements. The canal divides
                            these plazas and all development north of Atwater from the
                            park itself. Bridges span from the entry plazas to a major
                            focus on each park site. These major focal points gradually
                            give way to passive open space adjoining Medusa Cement.

                            Proposed Circulation is also shown on the Land Use Develop-
                            ment plan, and is briefly discussed here. The details of
                            the proposed circulation plan have been addressed in Part 1.

                            North/south access along Chene and Orleans will be designed
                            for pedestrians, bicycles and automobiles. Ideally, trucks
                            should be excluded from these streets, especially during
                            times of peak park use. Bicycles can be accommodated on
                            Franklin which will be the primary route until the River
                            Link is completed. Atwater is eventually planned as a
                            pedestrian/bicycle route and would be closed to vehicles.
                            A truck route on St. Aubin would service Medusa Cement and
                            other industries as well as the parks. Private boats, water
                            taxis and tour boats would have access to the canal. A
                            potential trolley is aligned along existing track.

                                                          96

                                    DFSIGN                  The Chene Node0park was conceived as a "natural" island separ-
                                                            ated from the urban" counterpart by a canal. The urban side
                                                            is designed with straight lines and predominately hard, man-
                                                            made materials, while the island is primarily a                                                     soft, natural
                                                            area with trees and expansive grassy areas.

                                                                                                                                                   Vj
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                                                        RESTAURANT      MAR INA                                     NSPITING
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                                                                          ST.   AUBIN PARK                  MEDUSA                      -AMPHITNIAIER     SCULPTURE
                                                                                                                            CHENE        PARK                  PENN DIXIE
                                                                                                            CEMENT                                           -CEMENT CO.
                                                                                                           Ca

                                                                                        DETROIT             RIVER

                                                                                                                        97

                             Access to the island is provided by four pedestrian bridges.
                             On the Chene #1 site a steel-truss bridge boldly penetrates
                             the island from the Chene Plaza, as does another concrete
                             bridge from Atwater Street. Conversely, two natural bridges
                             softly ooze onto the St. Aubin plazas.

                                       I tjl.@ It
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                                                          98

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                              The feature of greatest impact
                              on the park development is the
                              canal. Besides creating a
                              unique island for recreational
                              pleasure, it resolves many
                              functional and developmental
                              issues. By bringing the river
                              "inland" several hundred feet,
                              the original goal of a river-
                              side park is accomplished.
                                                                   7- =Rn

                                                           99

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                               In addition,  the north  side of Atwater Street   becomes a pri-
                               mary development   zone which can help to insure the success
                               of the parks and  provide exciting shopping, entertainment
                               and dining alternatives for Detroiters and visitors. This
                               location for such development is logical since it establishes
                               an eastern anchor for the ever-expanding Warehouse/Restaurant
                               District along Franklin Street. The straight linear edge on
                               the urban (development) side of the canal provides a contin-
                               uous boat landing for private vessels wishing to use the fac-
                               ilities of the new development. Thus, the canal also acts
                               as a marina.    Tour boats and water taxis would also use the
                               canal, bringing even more users to the area. A marina of
                               standard design (in contrast to the "linear" canal marina)
                               is located on the west edge of the park. This provides boat
                               parking adjacent to the Water Board site development and is
                               especially important for sailboats which will not be able
                               to clear the bridges spanning the canal.

                                                              100

                               Two water features are the
                               major elements of the park   it-
                               self.  Each establishes a focus
                               from the entry plazas at the
                               foot of Chene and Orleans. On
                               the Chene site, it is a water-
                               play sculpture, where kids of
                               any age can splash through
                               pools and water-sprays. Seat-
                               ing and viewing areas will be
                               provided for those who wish
                               to stay dry! The qiant sculp-
                               ture will create an enclosed
                               space with an intimate scale                               M:'
                               where the sound of water can
                               echo throughout. On the St.
                               Aubin site, a water-fall spills
                               into the canal.   Here, the
                               sound of falling water will
                               create a soothing passive
                               mood in contrast to the active
                               character of the water-play.

                                                            101

                                                         ,P
                                                           @RKING

                                                                  %%

                                                                MPHITHEATER
                                                              TRUSS BRIDGE
                                                              PAVILIONS
                                                              ENTRY PLAZ
                                                              GARDENS
                                                              STEPS-
                                                              NATURAL
                                    A close-up plan of the Chene Site reveals the various functions of the Park.   The
                                    boat parking marina divides the urban plaza space at the entry of the park at Chene
                                    Street with its pavillion, gardens and bosques from the natural island. The two are
                                    connected by a truss bridge which penetrates a waterplay sculpture. The waterplay
                                    sculpture is set into a large landscaped hill forming a canyon-like space. and is
                                    composed of three major waterfalls (two to fifteen feet high. the center is twenty
                                    feet high). Water tumbles over a series of concrete cylinders of various heights
                                    and diameters down to three wading pools (twelve to eighteen Inches deep), Water
                                    also cascades down steps which are provided for climbing In and around the sculpture.
                                    ,Extensive landscaping is integrated in the playscape with some cylinders acting as
                                    planters.

                                                                             102

                                                            As the park nears the borders
                                                            of Medusa Cement it becomes
                                                                           M'
                                                                            eandering paths
                                                            very passive.
                                                            wind through heavily contoured
                                                            picnic areas which provide
                                                            spatial enclosure and a more
                                                            serene atmosphere.  A grassy
                                                            amphitheatre and visiting ship
                                                            dock are located on the Chene
                                C                           #1 site while tour boat dock-
                                                            ing is provided on the St.
                                                            Aubin site.

                                 r

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                                                          103

                                                                                           CHENE
                                                                                           SEC

                                                             104

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                                                                        1z.

                                                                                                                                           11*1D
                                                                                                                                           CaJEWf@ONT
                                                                                                                                           PAW
                                                                                                          CHENE PARK                       Rz0fC1
                                                                                                           WATER        ELEVATION

                                          The above elevation shows how the park is enclosed by the Medusa and Penn-Dixie
                                          cement silos. Graphics painted on the silos would Identify the parks from all
                                          directions. Also apparent from the river's edge are the pavilions, truss bridge,
                                          overlook decks, amphitheatre and natural area. A glimpse of the water play sculp-
                                          ture is given.

                                          The section shows the canal at Atwater Street and the pedestr ian bridge. The sec-
                                          tion further cuts through the fountain to show the various heights of the cylinders
                                          which create a dynamic enclosure where the water rushes throughout. At the river's
                                          edge is the visiting ship docking location and the grassy hill amphitheatre. The
                                          amphitheatre is covered by a free form tent structure. bright yellow or orange in
                                          color, to define and accentuate its festive character.
                                    X     IL
                                       J'06-1

                                                                                105

                             The design also provides a variety
                             of views both from the river and
                             the land-long vistas to exciting
                             focal points, broad panoramas of
                             the CBD and Canada, and short
                             glimpses of special activities.
                             The Water Board site (west edge
                             of the St. Aubin site) is shown
                             as commercial/retail development
                             to further reinforce non-recreat-
                                                                               7/1
                             ional development around the park.
                             Warehouse conversions on Atwater
                             Street will play a similar role
                             and provide a transition from the
                             Franklin Street Entertainment
                             Di.strict to the park.

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                                                           106

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                                                                                                                                                                                      107

          OCLC: 10903937                Rec stat:      n
          Entered:      19840702        Replaced:      19950402        Used:     19841113
          Type: a           Bib lvl: m           Source:    d          Lang:   eng
          Repr:             Enc lvl: I           Conf pub: 0           Ctry:   miu
          Indx:  0          Mod rec:             Govt pub:  1          Cont:
          Desc:  a          Int lvl:             Festschr:  0          Illus:  ab
                            F/B:      0          Dat tp:    s          Dates:  1979,
            1   040      EYP c EYP
            2   043      n-us-mi
            3   092      711.558 b L648
            4   090       b
            5   049      NO M
            6   245 00   Linked riverfront parks project / c City cf Detroit, Recreation
        Department, Coastal Zone Management Program, Michigan Department of Natural
         Resources, Schervich, Vogel, Merz PC.
            7   260      Detroit, Mich. : b The Department, c 1979.
            8   300      204 p. b ill., maps ; c 22 x 29 cm.
            9   500      "October, 1979."
            10  651  0   Detroit (Mich.) x Parks x Planning.
            11  710 1    Detroit (Mich.). b Recreation Dept.
            12  710 2    Schervish, Vogel, Merz.

     I
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     I
     I
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     I
     I
     I
     I
     I
     I                                                     ANALYSIS
     I                                                    PROGRAM
     I                                                      DESIGN
     I                               11A    --- 0 NODE 3
     1

               ANALYS I S   OVERVIEW
             Refer to page III There are several factors which will have an inescapable bear-
                            ing on the development of the Mt. Elliott Node. Only a half
                            mile away is the Belle Isle Bridge, which provides an excel-
                            lent panorama of the riverfront. The Node park can only bene-
                            fit from this visibility. The Coast Guard Station is an
                            alluring attraction and an important historic landmark. Fish-
                            ermen are drawn to the foot of Mt. Elliott Street in predict-
                            able numbers. The U.S. Department of Immigration and nearby
                            industry could be important elements in the Interpretive Link.
                            Finally, a potential housing project proposed for the Port
                            Site (vacant land west of the Coast Guard) will have an obvi-
                            ous impact on the Node's develol)ment and will undoubtedly
                            affect its use.

                            All of these elements imply a more passive development as com-
                            pared to the active nature of the Chene Node. Mt. Elliott is
                            relatively distant from the Renaissance Center, the CBD, and
                            the activity associated with them. Such intensity would be
                            incompatible with a housing development and an established
                            fishing spot. However, these observations are intended not
                            to discourage public use and development, but only to give
                            them direction.

                            NATURAL ANALYSIS

                            Most natural features in the Mt. Elliott Node, including soils,
                            topography, vegetation, wildlife, and climati.c conditions are
                            typical of the Project Link area discussed in Park 1. The
                            features specific to the Node apply primarily to the river and
                            the edge.

                                                         109

                             The edge condition is largely unimproved except in the Coast
                             Guard area. The boat slips consist of a concrete dock on
                             piers with a concrete cap on sheet piling. The edge of the
                             Mt. Elliott site is rip-rap which is considered unimproved.
                             The Port site consists of random sections of wood pilings,
                             rip-rap and steel sheeting.

                             The water depth varies from twelve to nineteen feet which is
                             sufficient for the Coast Guard ships to dock. This is also
                             deep enough for a marina, tour boats, and most entertainment
                             and restaurant barges. Ice build-up and flow is not a major
                             problem because the Node is protected by Belle Isle. Mac-
                             Arthur Bridge helps to break up the ice, the majority of
                             which flows in the main ship channel south of Belle Isle.

                             Fishing at the foot of Mt. Elliott is more popular than any-
                             where else in the project area. Water currents carry fishing
                             lines away from shore, and fish seem to be attracted to this
                             area. In addition, auto access facilitates loading and un-
                             loading of fishing gear near the edge. A conflict exists
                             with cast lines interfering with the Coast Guard boats as they
                             maneuver into the slips. The park design should restrict
                             fishing at this particular area. It is important to recog-
                             nize that this node already has a viable user group and im-
                             provement of fishing facilities should be a priority in new
                             development.

                             PERCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

                             The extensive amount of vacant land in this node provides a
                             dramatic vista from Jefferson to the Detroit River, the only
                             such view in the entire project area. Highlighted in this
                             view is the 1871 Coast Guard building which establishes the
                             character of the whole node. The Coast Guard ships also ap-
                             peal to spectator interest and lend a nautical flavor. An-
                             other notable view is looking south on Adair where a Windsor
                             church terminates the vista at the end of the street.

                                                         110

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                                                                                               T ELLIOTT NODE
                                                                                             SITE ANALY%r--
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                              Because of its proximity to Belle Isle, this Node will be
                              highly visible. It will attract the attention of the many
                              users of the island who have excellent vantage points on
                              MacArthur Bridge and the west end of the island around Scott
                              Fountain. With their curiosity thereby aroused, it can be
                              expected that many will be drawn to the riverfront park.
                              Likewise, views to Belle Isle will enable this Node to be a
                              very pleasant recreational area.

                              Noise and dust pollution occurs in the area, and is due to
                              surrounding industry and truck traffic. The potential truck
                              conflict with new development is discussed in detail immedi-
                              ately below. Industries should be encouraged to improve their
                              physical plants, although the Node development should include
                              buffering for dust control and masking of noise.

                              LAND USE AND CIRCULATION ANALYSIS

                              Land Use

                              The typical pattern of non-water related land use is continued
                              in this node--with one major exception--the Coast Guard oper-
                              ation. Not only is it appropriately located, but it is also
                              a major attraction within the recreational program developed
                              for the Node. The Coast Guard would like to expand and their
                              needs should be incorporated in the program.

                              The specific incompatible edge uses are the Mt. Elliott site
                              (industrial and dumping), parking lots at Uniroyal and Adair
                              Street, and the vacant Port site which is earmarked for po-
                              tential develonment. Other land uses in the node are expected
                              to remain unchanged, although improvements are recommended
                              and encouraged. The U.S. Department of Immigration at Jeffer-
                              son and Mt. Elliott is regarded as a compatible neighbor and
                              a potential public attraction on the Interpretive Link.

                                                          112

                               CIRCIILATION

                               At the Adair Street Warehouse, there is daily truck loading
                               activity that causes almost constant congestion on Adair
                               south of Wight. There is a strong conflict between trucks
                               maneuvering into the loading areas and through-circulation
                               to the river edge parking lots. One of these lots belongs
                               to Great Lakes Beverage Company and seems to be used largely
                               at night for truck parking. Another lot surrounds the south
                               portion of Adair Street Warehouse and is used as automobile
                               storage by Seymour Cadillac. The conflicts along Adair would
                               be greatly relieved by the proposed Adair Street Warehouse
                               conversion.

                               Another potential traffic conflict could occur along Wight
                               where railroad tracks are in the street. At present, both
                               vehicular and train traffic are very light. However, with
                               the creation of parks and other development, this situation
                               would almost certainlv change. The proposed extension of
                               Franklin Street to Mt. Elliott would eliminate any potential
                               conflict but leaves the fate of the tracks uncertain.

                               There are two specific vehicular conflicts on Mt. Elliott.
                               North of Wight, truck traffic is significant, and could be.
                               detrimental to new development and the park especially during
                               times of peak use. A truck route to serve the pocket of in-
                               dustry east of Mt. Elliott is discussed in detail in Park 1.
                               The second conflict occurs at the foot of the street where
                               the fishermen park their cars. This problem should be cor-
                               rected with new fishing facilities provided in the park.

                               As in the Chene Node, there is a boulevard (Mt. Elliott)
                               which extends north from Jefferson into residential areas.
                               Again, it is recommended that this boulevard be extended
                               south into this node. Together with a secondary entrance at
                               Adair, it should be developed as an., entry to the parks and
                               other development.

                                                             113

                              .URBAN STRUCTURES ANALYSIS

                              In this Node, there are two areas that should be pointed out
                              for their spatial character. First is the Coast Guard com-
                              plex which is unique in the LRPP area. The 1871 "Customs
                              House", a 4-story brick storage building, portrays a special
                              historic character. Together with the four auxiliary build-
                              ings, it forms a "courtyard" open to the boat slips and the
                              river. The west building in this cluster is a delapidated
                              metal shed. Although it detracts architecturally, its lo-
                              cation is critical to completing the enclosure of the court-
                              yard. A replacement building that is similarly sited is
                              stronqly recommended. While the courtyard seems an excellent
                              spot for public use, conflicts with the Coast Guard operations
                              prohibit public access. However, the courtyard is still
                              visually "accessible" from the river's edge, a fact that
                              should be kept in mind during design of the Mt. Elliott park
                              and the River Link. Also, the north side of the Customs
                              House has excellent potential for public use without the con-
                              flicts encountered on the south (courtyard) side.

                              The second area with special character is located at the foot
                              of Adair Street. Again, a courtyard facing the river is
                              formed by surrounding buildings, two of which are notable for
                              their architectural qual ity : a brick , residential -scal e building
                              at the foot of Walker Street and the six-story Adair Street
                              Warehouse. This warehouse was built for the Buhl Brothers who
                              had a hardware manufacturing operation that crossed Adair and
                              extended to Wight Street. The warehouse, the only remaining
                              Buhl building, appears to be structurally sound and is ideal
                              for conversion. The other buildings are metal and glass in-
                              dustrial structures , but also offer potential for conversion.
                              The beverage company building (closest to the river) is an
                              architecturally insignificant, concrete block storage building.
                              It is an inappropriate riverfront use and should possibly be
                              demolished to create a larger plaza when development occurs.

                                                           114

                              The Port site's location between these two areas places it
                              in a special context for development: Its use will be the
                              pin that holds together and unifies the adjacent properties.
                              The Mt. Elliott site is spatially defined to the north by
                              the wall of Modern Tool and Die and to the west by the Coast
                              Guard buildings and boat slops. There is no spatial contain-
                              ment on the east due to the expansive and unsightly Uniroyal
                              parking lot. This lot will require extensive screening.
                              There are three buildings existing on the site itself. None
                              are significant or worthy of preservation.

                                                          115

                PROGRAM       NODE PROGRAM
                              The Site Analysis indicates that the Mt. Elliott Mode will
                              act as a "hinge" in the movement of people from Belle Isle
                              and east toward the CBD. However, no definitive direction is
                              given by existing development as in the Chene Mode. While
                              the Coast Guard complex establishes character, it does not
                              determine a program. In searching for a viable program,
                              some general conclusions were made on which to base tentative
                              programmatic decisions:

                                      The Coast Guard is an alluring active function that
                                      offers the most promising thematic concepts for the
                                      node and the park itself. The Immigration Department,
                                      another governmental agency concerned with an aspect
                                      of international border patrol, is a potential element
                                      in the Interpretive Link.

                                      The Port site has been designated as a potential hous-
                                      ing site which would create a permanent viable user
                                      group for recreational facilities in the node. How-
                                      ever, it is critical that a public easement be acquired
                                      at the riverfront to assure public access. Actual de-
                                      sign will assure security and river access for the
                                      housing development while maintaining the public river
                                      link. In the end, new development of some type will
                                      be essential to the success of this node.

                                      The City of Detroit Recreation Department owns or has
                                      cleared the way for ownership of certain parcels of
                                      land in the node. Among these is the Mt. Elliott site,
                                      which is recommended as the only park development at
                                      the present time. Open space to the east (Uniroyal
                                      land) offers potential for future expansion if required.
                                      Industrial functions north of this site are viable and
                                      therefore potential elements of the Interpretive Link.

                                                           117

                                   The auto dealers along Jefferson can be consolidated;
                                   an "Auto Mall" has already been discussed. As the pres-
                                   sure to develop this node increases, this proposal will
                                   be more feasible to make land available for development.

                                   The Node already has a strong user group in the fisher-
                                   men that gather at the foot of Mt. Elliott Street. Im-
                                   proved facilities that do not interfere with the Coast
                                   Guard should be a major concern of the program.

                            These possible programmatic directions indicate that the Mt.
                            Elliott Node will be of a less active nature than the Chene
                            Node. This perhaps is appropriate as the project area moves
                            further from the intensity of the CBD and closer to the ser-
                            enity of Belle Isle. This same attitude gives direction to
                            the park program.
                            PARK PROGRAM

                            It seems fitting that the Mt. Elliott Node park should extract
                            its theme from the neighboring Coast Guard complex. As it
                            happens, the Coast Guard is facing the problem of obsolete
                            facilities and expanding requirements for space. A coordin-
                            ated effort between the Coast Guard and the Recreation Depart-
                            ment during design development would most likely prove to be
                            beneficial for both parties. The park program presented here
                            is based on such collaboration. To solve Coast Guard needs,
                            a portion of the Port site and the Mt. Elliott Street right-
                            of-way adjacent to the boat slips would be given over to them.
                            In turn, the Coast Guard would release the land on the north
                            side of the Customs House and the buoy storage area on the
                            northwest corner of Mt. Elliott and Wight Streets. This land
                            trade would benefit the Node by providing an entry plaza to
                            the park and a potential museum in the Customs House. This
                            plaza could also act as the entry to the Port site develop-
                            ment. The neighboring U.S. Department of Immigration and
                            the Michigan Department'of Natural Resources ONR) could also
                            be major contributors for public displays and interpretive
                            i nformati on.

                                                        118

                                The following programmatic elements are all viable, though at
                                this time tentative, alternatives for the Mt. Elliott Node
                                park:

                                Museum: Possibly a branch of Dossin Great Lakes Museum that
                                highlights the history and activity of the Detroit River.
                                The Customs House would be an ideal location due to its his-
                                torical significance and its unsuitability for Coast Guard
                                needs. The museum could include displays of ship models,
                                pertinent history and a "living" exhibit of the Coast Guaxd
                                operation of the site.
                                Fishing: The importance of fishing to this area has been re-
                                Iterated throughout this study. Fishing stoops that do not
                                conflict with other park functions will be designed at the
                                edge of the park.
                                Focal Point: A focal point should be included that emphasizes
                                the nautical theme of the park and establishes an identifying
                                image.

                                Visiting Boat Dock/Tour Boat Stop: In keeping with the naut-
                                ical theme, provisions should be made for docking of visiting
                                ships. A tour boat stop will provide access from the river.

                                Viewing Areas: Distinct areas for viewing surrounding activ-
                                ities, particularly around the Coast Guard, should be provided.
                                Platforms, steps and overlooks can provide exciting and varied
                                points from which to view riverfront activity.

                                Immigrat.ion/DNR Information Centers: The Immigration Depart-
                                ment bears a relationship to the Coast Guard since it deals
                                with a facet of border patrol. A study by DNR in 1978 revealed
                                that fishermen on the Detroit River were generally unaware of
                                the existence of the DUR and its efforts in this part of the
                                State.   In both cases, information centers would be helpful
                                in educating the public.

                                                               119

                             Park Pavilions: Sheltered pavilions should be provided in
                             select places in the park. They are important to provide pro-
                             tection from intensities of sunlight, wind and other natural
                             elements, especially for the senior users living nearby.

                             Concessions: Because of certain fuiictions programmed for the
                             parks, and the resulting volume of use anticipated, there will
                             be a need for vending, information and ticketing booths in
                             addition to the pavilions discussed above.
                             Mechanical: If a water feature is finalized for the park,
                             space for pumps and related mechanical equipment must be pro-
                             vided and be in close proximity to the feature.

                             Comfort Stations: Public facilities should be incorporated
                             into the parF--&e-sign and planned to be as durable, vandal-
                             proof and easy to maintain as possible.

                             Service/Maintenance: A maintenance yard should be located     in
                             the park site, and be adequately buffered and secured from
                             public intrusion.

                             Vehicular Access: The parks and linkage must be accessible
                             to maintenance and emergency vehicles. Therefore, certain
                             paved areas must be structured to withstand additional loads.

                             The Functional Relationship Diagram helps to clarify how the
                             elements of the Node's proposed development must function to-
                             gether so that a harmonious fabric is achieved. The Mt.
                             Elliott site is further broken down, showing the park elements
                             as they will function in relation to one another.

                                                          120

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                                                                                                                                                                     LINKED
                                                                                                                                                                     RIVERFRONT
                                                                                                                                                                     PARKS
                                                  MT ELLIOTT NODE                                                                                                    P 'ROJEC -T
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                               LAND USE DEVELOPMENT

                               The proposed land use pattern responds to the development
                               program. Entry zones are created at Adair and Mt. Elliott
                               with scenic easements to the river maintained down each
                               street. A larger visual easement is shown through the area
                               west of the Immigration building, where open space should be
                               maintained, or height restrictions enforced. Parking for
                               the park would occupy the northern portion of the Mt.
                               Elliott site. Uses not shown as new or converted develop-
                               ment would remain unchanged but improvement of physical
                               plants is recommended and encouraged. Heavy industry should
                               be buffered from development.

                               The node has been divided into zones which are based on
                               existing site conditions and anticipated requirements when
                               development occurs:

                               Entry Image Zones are located along Jefferson at Adair and
                               Mt. Elliott, which will provide major vehicular access to
                               the sites. The image of the total development should be
                               reflected here in order to attract users to the area.

                               Existing Mixed Use and Industrial Zones are existing areas
                               which are seen as upgraded visually but not changed in use.

                               Warehouse Conversion/Development Zones are existing build-'
                               ings which are prime for adaptive reuse because of their
                               character or location.

                               Development Zones are two large areas with strong develop-
                               ment potential. One area is the vacant Port Site which is
                               extended to Jefferson Avenue to provide visual access to the
                               riverfront as well as the development itself. The other
                               area is the Uniroyal parking lot, which is seen as a logical
                               location for development, though its realization is neces-
                               sarily longer range.

                                                           122

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                                                                                                                                                       123

                               Coast Guard Zone is that area which will continue to be used
                               for the     I-n-tard operations. Because of their expansion
                               needs and the desire to gain partial public access, the zone
                               includes additional land to the east (the Mt. Elliott Street
                               right-of-way) and to the west (a portion of the Port Site).
                               In turn, the Coast Guard would surrender the land on the
                               north side of the complex for public use and development.

                               River Edge Zone is to be retained as public right-of-way for
                               access to the river's edge.

                               Auto Mall is the existing location of Bart Lincoln-Mercury.
                               Through c-onsolidation, this would be an "Auto Mall" for
                               several dealers.

                               The Mt. Elliott (Park) Site is zoned according to the func-
                               Ci'onsprogrammed for it_:__@hown are entries, parking areas,
                               open spaces, plazas, focal points, viewing areas and fishing
                               facilities.

                               Proposed Circulation is also shown on the Land Use Develop-
                               ment plan and is briefly discussed here. The details of the
                               proposed Circulation have been addressed in Part 1.

                               North/south access along Mt. Elliott and Adair will be de.,
                               signed for bicycles and pedestrians as well as cars. Trucks
                               should be excluded from these streets, especially during
                               times of peak park use. Franklin Street would be extended
                               eastward to Mt. Elliott, allowing Wight Street to be closed
                               between Adair and Mt. Elliott. In this manner, more land
                               can be given over to the Port Site development. There will
                               be a 6pace for a bicycle path on Franklin, but it will be
                               secondary to the River Link. Two truck loops are proposed
                               in the node: on the east end, Iron to Wight to Meldrum; on
                               the west end, Walker to Wight to dos. Campau or Chene.
                               Temporary boat parking will be provided near the Warehouse
                               Conversion Zone. Visiting ships could dock at this zone.
                               The proposed trolley line would serve this Node and then
                               continue to Belle Isle. Alignment on existing track is
                               feasible, though development may require a new route.

                                                           124

    				The Mt. Elliot Node is composed of four major areas:  the
    				Mt. Elliot Park, the Coast Guard, the Port Site development,
    				and the Warehouse Conversion area.  The primary public feature
    				is the Mt. Elliott Park and Coast Guard Plaza which by their
    				passive nature would be compatible with a proposed housing
    				project on the Port Site.  A private marina is located at the
    				river's edge for use by the residents and others.  The contin-
    				uous River Link will connect Mt. Elliott Park with a plaza
    				and adjacent complex of proposed warehouse conversions at the
    				foot of Adair Street.

                                                                                    6,[L

                                                                       tell

                                                                 Of

                                                          ,X

                                                   X

                             The Adair Street development involves a publicly developed
                             plaza around which the privately financed conversions would
                             take place. The Adair Street Warehouse would be the major
                             conversion, suitable for offices, restaurants, shops or
                             housing. The existing glass warehouse, which parallels the
                             river, could form a winter garden/market area link to the
                             other building conversions at the west edge of the plaza.
                             The plaza itself is designed to include pavilions, seating,
                             landscaped areas, steps to the river for sitting and viewing,
                             and a segment of the continuous River Link.

                                                        126.

                                                             The Mt. Elliott Node Park is

                                                             conceived as having two major
                                                             elements:              a large stepped
                                                             area serves as an outdoor

                                                             theatre for viewing the Coast
                                                             Guard and the river while a
                                                             bosque of trees provides an
                                                             area for quiet relaxation and
                                                             a buffer for surrounding in-
                                                             dustry and parking lots.
                                                             a sense, these two elements
                                                             are analagous to the "natural"
                                                             and "urban" characteristics
                                                             of the Chene Node Park. Here,
                                                             the theatre is hard-edged and
                                                             man-made while the trees are
                                                             obviously softening and nat-

                                                             ural.

                                These two elements are
                                separated by the River
                                Link which bisects the
                                site  diagona Ily.    The
                                monument or focal     point
                                would lie in   this   path
                                and be immediately ob-
                                vious when entering the
                                park from Mt. Elliott
                                Street on the north or
                                                                    -Alba
                                the River Link on the
                                South. As the River
                                L i n kturns away   from
                                the edge to enter the                                                              _W
                                park, land is freed to
                                create a new fishing
                                area.   A series of con-                                                            h
                                Crete cylinders would
                                become   stoops" where
                                                                                                                        Fir
                                fishermen could perch.                                  t                               rV
                                                                                                             ETTn
                                They would be located                     a
                                at a lower level than
                                the park to prevent
                                conflicts between fish-
                                ermen and other park
                                users.

                                                                                                A
                                                                                                                 n b nlz@
                                                                                                                 FL

                                                                128

                                                        4M--i

                              The major entry  to the park  would be developed around the
                              Coast Guard Customs [louse.   A formal  plaza with special
                              paving, lighting, and other   landscaping pedestrian features
                              would be developed around the maritime theme.

                                                               MI ELLIOTT           IAN'
                                                               WATER ELEVATION.,Z,., -

                                                            129

      I
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      I
      I                                                            PROCESS & POLICIES
      I                                                           ISSUES & ALTERNATIVES
      I                                    PROPOSED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
                                                    ENGINEERING/ COSTS /CONSTRUCTION
      I                                                                        FUNDING
      I                                                                        PHASING
      I                                              V --M-NTATION 4
      1

               PROCESS      IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS
           & POLICIES      The preceding sections of this report clearly demonstrate t
                           urban waterfront design and development can be a lengthy an
                           complex process. It must be remembered that design without
                           an implementation strategy is simply an academic exercise.
                           Thus, the intent of this implementation section is to deriv
                           a development framework upon which the project can systemat
                           ically proceed to its final goal of developing a viable par
                           system connected by an open space linkage system on the
                           Detroit riverfront.

                                        IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

                           The implementation process involves policy decisions; con-
                           frontation of issues and alternatives; land use development
                           engineering and costs; the identification of fundinq source
                           and the phasing strategy.

                                                        131

                           The first five aspects relate to and affect phasing. The re-
                           lationships are complex; any one item stronqly affects another.
                           For example, phasing might be affected by a city policy on
                           land acquisition or the availability of funds. Therefore,
                           flexibility must be maintained so the process is not inter-
                           rupted or terminated when changes occur.

                           POLICIES

                           The goals of the LRPP must be achieved within the framework
                           of City of Detroit policies. It is the intent of this pro-
                           ject not only to build upon, but also to reinforce those
                           established policies. These policies, as set forth by the
                           City Planning Department in the document Proposed Po-licies
                           and Possible Futures For The Riverfront, are as folT-ows-

                                   Create access to the river
                                   Develop recreation on the river
                                   Encourage housing
                                   Reinforce existing industry and business
                                   Encourage entertainment
                                   Improve circulation
                                   Improve the visual and perceptual environment
                                   Protect the shoreline from ice, flooding and erosion
                                   Avoid negative environmental impacts
                                   Respond to beneficial opportunities

                           Furthermore, the Recreation Department's policy to DEVELOP
                           PEDESTRIAN/BICYCLE ACCESS WHEREVER POSSIBLE ALONG THE DETROIT
                           RIVERFRONT is based upon the aforementioned Planning Depart-
                           ment document.

                                                         132

                            The following general implementation objectives are presented
                            here within the framework of city policy:

                                   To establish for the city a definite direction--specif-
                                   ically a set of actions-- to allow for the implementa-
                                   tion of the LRPP as programmed and designed.
                                   To translate into developmental terms the costs, sched-
                                   uling and phasing of the design and engineering concepts
                                   presented in this report.
                                   To organize all project elements, segments, phases and
                                   funding sources into a format that will clearly and
                                   cohesively illustrate all the development facets of
                                   the project.
                                   To formalize an implementation strategy for the LRPP
                                   that seeks to resolve the issues this project may raise
                                   while simultaneously remaining consistent with city
                                   policy.

                            The following chapters seek to define this strategy.

                                                         133

                             he Linked Riverfront Parks Project design raises many de-
              ISSUES &      T l
                            ve opment issues and alternatives which must be addressed in
         ALTERNATIVES       order to resolve conflicts and set a direction for decision
                            making. In some instances the issues can be resolved by
                            analyzing various design alternatives. Where this is signi-
                            ficant the actual alternatives are shown separately and
                            follow the discussion of issues. Reference is then made to
                            show the issue/alternative relationship.

                            HEIRARCHY OF DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

                            There are approximately forty issues that have surfaced dur-
                            ing the LRPP planning and design process. They have been
                            grouped into six general categories which are arranged in
                            order of prio@ity. Categories One through Four are most
                            pressing, but all s hould be acted upon as quickly as possible.

            Refer to naoe 1361  Land Trades and Acquisitions
                            The greatest priority for development of the LRPP is control
                            of the land necessary  for implementation of all the design
                            elements. The basic strategy is to acquire parcels and ease-
                            ments in  order of development. However, several issues are
                            attached  to these acquisitions.

                                 A.   ACOUIRE NICHOLSON PROP-ERTY. This is necessary in
                                      order for the LRPP to begin on schedule by Fall,
                                      1980.
                                 B.   ACOUTRE CONSOLIDATED DOCKING PROPERTY. This site
                                      has been designated for recreation/park use, However,
                                      this property is currently being used as a container
                                      port and a relocation site for this industry has
                                      still not been found that will accomodate it as a
                                      port facility.

                                                           135

               Refer to PaQeS    C.  LAND TRADE WITH MEDUSA CEMENT. The northern edge of
                                     Medusa's property is needed to allow the proposed
                                     canal to pass Medusa without infringing upon Atwater
                                     Street, conflicting with utilities, or obstructing
                                     east-west traffic. This land trade with Medusa
                                     Cement is of top priority for carrying out the link-
                                     age concept of the two Chene Node parks.
                                 D.  ACQUIRE MT. ELLIOTT SITE. This site has also been
                                     designated as recreation/park use. Relocation of
                                     the industries currently occupying this parcel is
                                     not so difficult because their use is non-water-
                                     related.
                                 E.  LAND TRADE WITH THE U.S. COAST GUARD. This trade
                                     is necessary to better insure the workability of
                                     the Mt. Elliott node. The park node would gain the
                                     historic buoy storage building and repair building,
                                     both which would serve to better enhance the park's
                                     sense of entrance. The trade would benefit the
                                     Coast Guard by providing them room for a new build-
                                     ing and by giving them the now public eastern edge
                                     of their ship anchorage.
                                 F.  ACQUIRE VACANT PARCEL ON THE SOUTHEAST CORNER OF
                                     CHENE AND FRANKLIN. This parcel is available and
                                     would be ideal for Chene Node parking and enhance-
                                     ment of the potential visual access from Chene St.
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                                                       136

                  Re f,, to p I. e 138 2- River Easements
                                   The continuous riverlink concept can only be realized if
                                   easements are obtained for public access on private as well
                                   as public sites along the LRPP's river edge. Negotiations
                                   need to be undertaken as soon as possible to insure access
                                   and resolve potential conflicts that may occur. It will be
                                   necessary to gain easement rights at the following properties:

                 Refer to PaQes 150-1   A.   MEDUSA CEMENT.  The easement is desired along the
                                             river in front of Medusa. This is possible with
                                             minimum liability and maximum safety.

                 Refer to page 155      B.   RENAISSANCE CENTER.  The continuation of the river-
                                             link past the Renaissance Center is strongly re-
                                             commended due to its proximity to Hart Plaza and
                                             the drama of Renaissance Center as a landmark. Se-
                                             curity pertaining to public access can be resolved
                                             through proper design.

                                        C.   PORT SITE. This site is under analysis as a poten-
                                             tial major housing development site. The city
                                             should take steps immediately to obtain an easement
                                             for the riverlink and linear park in front of this
                                             proposed development. Security and water edge access
                                             at this site can be simultaneously assured the
                                             developers.

                                        D.   PARKE-DAVIS. Parke-Davis has the only private park
                                             on the river's edge in the LRPP area. An easement
                                             here is highly desirable along the river. Plans
                                             for this easement should coincide with future de-
                                             velopment.

                                                                  137

                                       E.  UNIROYAL. Uniroyal constitutes the second largest
                                           owner of water's edge in the LRPP area. The ease-
                                           ment necessary for the riverlink is in front of
                                           Uniroyal along the water. No industrial conflict
                                           is present as the facility is not water-related and
                                           security can be positively ensured for the owner.

                                       F.  ADAIR WAREHOUSE. Access for the riverlink at this
                                           location should occur in front of this warehouse
                                           and the other industrial buildings available. This
                                           complex defines a potential public courtyard area
                                           and will relate directly to warehouse conversions
                                           at the river's edge.

                                       G.  FEDERAL MARINE TERMINAL. Federal Marine Terminal
                                           is planning to move to a new location. It is un-
                                           certain at this point if planned new development
                                           on this site will be private or public. In any
                                           case, it is essential that steps be taken to insure
                                           that an easement be obtained along the river's edge
                                           that will be consistent with new development.
                                       H.  HURON CEMENT. An easement in front of all or      part
                                           of Huron Cement, along the river's edge, is desired.
                                           It can be established with minimum liability to
                                           allow both river access and industrial interpretive
                                           viewing.

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                                                                 138

               Refer to oaoe 140 3.   LRPP Access

                                 Providing generous access and park visual identity and en-
                                 trance image at the six north-south access points from Jeff-
                                 erson is absolutely necessary for successful use of the LRPP.
                                 However, in so doing complications arise with circulation
                                 and causes conflict with existing land use.-

               Refer to paoe 157       A.  CHENE.   The Chene Park node is the most active park
                                           in the system. Thus, the importance of Chene Street
                                           as a major access point is self-evident. Ideally,
                                           the entrance at Chene Street should provide a drama-
                                           tic and easily identifiable entrance image and view.
                                           Furthermore, the alignment of Chene Boulevard to the
                                           north is ideal for tying in the 16,000 residents of
                                           Lafayette/Elmwood. Conflicts arise with the reloca-
                                           tion of Famous Furniture and the existing truck
                                           traffic on Chene.
                                       B.  RENAISSANCE CENTER. An entrance to LRPP at this
                                           busy location, where thousands of people work, visit,
                                           and do business each day, would provide a large user-
                                           group for the LRPP. Negotiations to provide such an
                                           entry point are essential to extending the River Link
                                           to Hart Plaza and Cobo Hall. A true Downtown connect-
                                           ion will then be established and access from Downtown
                                           to the LRPP will be provided.
                                      C.   MT. ELLIOTT STREET. Maximization of traffic flow and
                                           a dynamic entrance into the Mt. Elliott Node should
                                           be prime considerations at this access point. Cur-
                                           rently, Mt. Elliott, north of Jefferson, is a boule-
                                           vard. South of Jefferson it narrows and jogs to the
                                           east. Alignment and widening of the southern portion
                                           is recommended to assure identity for the park as
                                           well as for future private development. Visual ac-
                                           cess from Jefferson to the river will also be accom-

                                                              139

                                         plished.. A potential conflict exists since this pro-
                                         posal would require land from the U.S. Department of
                                         Immigration or demolition of some buildings to the
                                         east of Mt. Elliott.
                                     D.  GABRIEL RICHARD. Although not originally considered
                                         as part of this study, Gabriel Richard Park, together
                                         with the Belle Isle Bridge, is the real eastern bound-
                                        Ary of the LRPP.
                                     E.  ORLEANS STREET. This is the primary access point
                                         from Jefferson to a new restaurant and entertainment
                                         district and the St. Aubin Park.
                                     F.  ADAIR STREET. This will provide a direct entrance
                                         into the Adair Street warehouse conversions and a
                                         secondary entrance into the Mt. Elliott Node includ-
                                         ing the Port site development. Visually it creates
                                         a framed view to a church steeple in Windsor. The
                                         conflict that must be resolved is the heavy truck
                                         traffic on Adair Street,

                                                               A                         C
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                      3. L R PP A-CCESS

                                                               140

                   Refer to fiaqe 142 4. Circulation
                                    A comprehensive traffic study has been executed as it per
                                    tains to access for motorized vehicular traffic. non-motor-
                                    ized vehicular traffic, pedestrian traffic and parking
                                    ihrough the LRPP area.

                                    The study is designed not to eliminate traffic, but rather to
                                    organize it, lessen its intensity in some areas, and properly
                                    orient it to the best advantage of the LRPP and the impacted
                                    business facilities located in the LRPP area.

                                         A.  TRUCKS. Although light and heavyindustry are an
                                             interesting and desirable mix in the LRPP
                                             area, the undesirable side effects of dirt and noise,
                                             as well as safety considerations, mandate that heavy
                                             truck traffic be contained to specific truck routes.
                                             This will minimize these undesirable effects. Im-
                                             plementation and enforcement of truck routes through
                                             the area is essential 'to satisfy user desirability of
                                             the LRPP.
                                         B.  PEDESTRIAN/BIKE. Continuous pedestrian/bicycle paths
                                             are paramount to the very concept of the LRPP. Every
                                             effort should be made to guarantee that this link is
                                             unbroken and conflicts with trucks, autos and trains
                                             are minimized.
                                         C.  AUTO. In some areas of the LRPP automobile traffic
                                             is necessary and even desirable to provide adequate
                                             access. In other areas, such traffic is unnecessary,
                                             undesirable, and will present a safety hazard. Re-
                                             commendations for automobile traffic within the pro-
                                             ject area require strict implementation and enforce-
                                             ment.

                                                                  141

                                    D.  PARKING. Parking within the LRPP area should be re-
                                        stricted to those areas where it is determined as
                                        desirable and necessary for convenient access. This
                                        must be further defined with due consideration
                                        for maximum usage of the LRPP and the encouragement
                                        of commercial, industrial, entertainment, and housing
                                        facilities located in the area,presently and in the
                                        future.

                                    E.  MASS TRANSIT. SEMTA rail is a major transit link
                                        with the northern suburbs. The tracks cut through
                                        the western portion of the LRPP area from Orleans
                                        to St. Antoine Street. Many proposals regarding
                                        the relocation of these tracks have been raised. it
                                        is important that these be resolved so that planning
                                        can proceed accordingly. Furthermore, current SEMTA
                                        plans for mass transit should be reevaluated for the
                                        feasibility of providing transit access to the LRPP
                                        area. Current plans for the Jefferson/Randolph
                                        trolley line should be evaluated for an extension
                                        into and through the LRPP area.

                                                   UU               U
                                    V P@g WU                              I J awp   9 49

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                                                            142

                                   F.  TRAINS. The Conrail tracks divide the eastern end
                                       of the LRPP area. This area is a site of intense
                                       proposed development. It would be most preferable
                                       to remove the tracks from the area. This decision
                                       can best be made in light of an evaluation of their
                                       actual type and amount of usage. If removal is not
                                       possible the tracks would probably have to be bridged
                                       at considerable expense.

                  Refer to page 145 5. Building Conversions

                                   There are many structurally sound buildings within the pro-
                                   ject area that are real assets because of their location and
                                   character a6d are prime for redevelopment. As they become
                                   available they should be encouraged for conversions and used
                                   either publicly, privately, for joint development, and/or
                                   for mixed use.

                                   The combination of park development and commercial, entertain-
                                   ment, and office development will create a momentum towards
                                   increased vigor for this area.' The city must take a'lead in
                                   development and possibly condemnation to bring this idea to
                                   fruition. To further demonstrate their lead role in encour-
                                   aging development the city should, within the powers it has,
                                   offer special tax incentives for redevelopment and further
                                   Provide information sources on public and private grants and
                                   low-interest loans.

                                                                 143

                                      A.   AINSWORTH WAREHOUSE. The Ainsworth warehouse is
                                           being considered for demolition. This decision
                                           seems premature since the structure is sound and the
                                           area's future has not been determined. A study
                                           should be undertaken to evaluate its future. Among
                                           the many possibilities for its conversion are:
                                           housing--market-rate or public-subsidized, commer-
                                           cial, office, joint development, mixed use, or part
                                           of the Globe Playhouse development.
                                      B.   PARKE-DAVIS. Parke-David has recently announced
                                           that it will be vacating its Detroit premises. This
                                           complex contains many buildings and the only private
                                           river-edge park in the LRPP area, makinq it prime
                                           for conversion. Potential uses range from office,
                                           commercial or light industrial to a "new town-in town"
                                           development that encourages mixed use.
                                      C.   GLOBE TRADING COMPANY. Adjacent to the St. Aubin site,
                                           this building can be converted to support the St. Aubin
                                           Park and Atwater Street developments. Its potential for
                                           commercial/entertainment reuse is enormous. Further,
                                           the smoke-stack courtyard to the east will form an ideal
                                           focal point as it is set into a space well defined by
                                           other possible warehouse conversions. The major con-
                                           flict might be the resistance of the present owners to
                                           relocate and sell this building at reasonable cost.
                                      D.   DOUGLAS MANUFACTURING. Adjacent to the St. A ubin Park  and
                                           along the proposed Atwater promenade, this building has
                                           good potential for reuse. The conflicts are similar to
                                           the Globe Trading Company, but the building itself is
                                           not as appealing architecturally,
                                      E.   COAST GUARD. The historic buoy storage building and
                                           repair building could be obtained through land trade as
                                           part of the Mt. Elliott Node. These would enhance the
                                           park's sense of entrance and could be utilized as inter-
                                           pretive centers to attract the public. Other possibili-
                                           ties would be a Coast Guard museum and/or restaurant.

                                                               144

                                    F.  ADAIR WAREHOUSE. The Adair Street Warehouse is prime
                                        for rehabilitation. It is proposed that this rehabil-
                                        itation be public oriented or that it be included in
                                        the proposed Port site housing development. It's
                                        river frontage could he an important amenity along
                                        the LRPP riverlink.

                                    G.  NORTHERN ENGINEERING. This building is diagonal to
                                        the Chene Park and its prominent location makes it
                                        a prime location for rehabilitation in housing or
                                        commercial mixed use.

                                    H.  AJAX STEEL: This building could work in harmony with
                                        the Adair Street warehouse to create a new center for
                                        public use. Its open glass roof might make it
                                        ideal for a "winter-garden".

                                    1.  UNIROYAL. Some of the Uniroyal property and build-
                                        ings are unused or underused. A study should be
                                        undertaken to consider consolidation, conversion,
                                        demolition and new construction.

                                                                                                                                                           5. BUILDING           CONVERSIONS

                                                                  145

                                   6.  New Developments

                                   With the new vitality being infused into the area much new
                                   development is to be anticipated. Entertainment, industrial,
                                   commercial, and housing facilities among others will be rea-
                                   lized in the area.

                                   It should be -the priority of the City to encourage such de-
                                   velopment by actively soliciting it, considering special tax
                                   incentives, providing information on funding sources, grants
                                   and low-interest loans, and finally by being a willing part-
                                   ner, if not initiator, in joint public/private development
                                   efforts.

                                   In the'area around Franklin Street, new restaurants have
                                   been added to those already established, thereby creating
                                   the beginnings of an entertainment/dining district. A study
                                   currently being executed by the Community and Economic Devel-
                                   opment Department (CEDD) proposes that industry be bolstered
                                   and encouraged on Franklin. Entertainment and industry can
                                   co-exist, and in -fact, create an interesting, mutually bene-
                                   ficial relationship. It is important, however, to coordinate
                                   efforts into a harmonious relationship to minimize conflicts.
                                   Other new commercial/entertainment possibilities exist in the
                 Refer to name 159 LRPP area.  The Water Board property west of the St. Aubin
                                   site is ideal for a waterfront restaurant or the Globe Play-
                                   house. The Chene #2 site is also being'considered for non-
                                   recreational development. These possibilities include the
                                   Globe Playhouse, housing and a new-commercial structure.

                                                                146

                                   New housing development should also be strongly encouraged
                                   in the LRPP. This will truly give the area a mixed-use char-
                                   acter as well as provide an all important user base to de-
                                   velopment in the area. Primary locations for market-rate
                                   and public-subsidized housing would include Chene corridor
                                   in the Chene Node and the Port site in the Mt. Elliott Node.
                                   Both areas are presently under study.

                       6. NEW DEVELOPMENT

                                                               147

                                 ALTERNATIVES

                                 In order to maintain an attitude of flexibility as well as to
                                 resolve some of the issues raised by the LRPP, the following
                                 options are presented as alternatives to the proposed concepts
                                 of the general Development Plan. These alternatives deal with
                                 the most significant issues; other alternatives are discussed
                                 earlier in this chapter in connection with th,,- heirarchy of
                                 development issues or are not considered crucial to the LRPP
                                 plan. Each alternative is shown graphically and is numbered
                                 in order of preference as recommended by Schervish, Vogel,
                                 Merz, P.C.

              Refer to naoes 150-1 St. Aubin/Chene Linkage Alternatives-

                                 The alternatives for linking the Chene and St. Aubin Park sites
                                 in relationship with Medusa Cement Company have a significant
                                 bearing on the design of the park and the adjoining River Link.
                                 The f ol I owi ng three a 1 terna t i ves ref I ect these rel a t i on s h i ps
                                 as well as show the various park design possibilities. Further-
                                 more, the potential exists for mixing portions of the alter-
                                 natives with each other.

                                 ALTERNATIVE #1: LAND TRADE BETWEEN MEDUSA CEMENT AND ST.
                                 AUBIN SITE
                                      Medusa: The northern 20% of Medusa's property would be
                                      exchanged for an equal amount of St. Aubin property to
                                      the west. This will provide Medusa with more river's
                                      edge to accommodate their boat docking easement as well
                                      as provide the necessary land to allow the proposed
                                      canal to link the two parks without infringing upon At-
                                      water Street and its utilities. Furthermore, consider-
                                      ation must be given to relocating their storage building
                                      and accommodatinq truck and rail traffic over the canal.
                                      Chene Park: Chene Park would be designed with a canal
                                      for temporary boat parking and a proposed tour hoat
                                      stop. All other major park functions would remain as
                                      shown in Part 2.

                                                               148

                                          St. Aubin Park: This park would continue the canal
                                          into a transient marina next to the proposed develop-
                                          ment at the Water Board property and north of Atwater
                                          at the warehouses.

                                   ALTERNATIVE #2: RIVER EASEMENT AT MEDUSA PROPERTY
                                         �Medusa: Linkage at the river side of Medusa is also
                                          desirable but more difficult to achieve because of
                                          the potential interference with their cement loading/
                                          conveyor operations. A protective structure would
                                          have to be installed under the conveyor to assure safe
                                          public access from park to park. Medusa's physical
                                          plant would remain intact.
                                         �Chene Park: Without the land swap the canal on Chene
                                          would become a lagoon. Positive waterflow would be
                                          accomplished by installation of culverts connecting
                                          it to the St. Aubin site. Other major functions
                                          would remain the same.
                                         �St. Aubin Park: Likewise, the St. Aubin portion of
                                          the canal would become a temporary boat parking marina
                                          with culvert connections to the Chene site. Other
                                          major functions would remain the same.

                                   ALTERNATIVE #3: MEDUSA LAND TRADE WITH CHENE SITE/NO CANAL
                                          Medusa: In this alternative, the northern 20% of
                                          Medusa's property would be traded with a portion of
                                          the Chene site. This would accomplish the same ob-
                                          jective as Alternative #1 except that truck access to
                                          Medusa would be from Dubois Street. This alternative
                                          assumes that, for whatever reason, the canal is not
                                          feasible. The Linkage is accommodated by another ele-
                                          ment such as a sunken garden or a landscaped berm on
                                          the traded property.
                                          Parks: The element which replaces the canal would
                                          continue through both park sites. This would eliminate
                                          the temporary boat parking functions. All other
                                          functions, however, would remain the same.

                                                                  149

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                                                                           ST. AUBIN/                             E
                                                                           LINKAGE ALTERNATIVES

                                  Renaissance Center River Link Alternatives

                                  The continuation of the River Link past Renaissance Center
                                  is strongly desired to tie the LRPP to Hart Plaza and to
                                  dramatize the Renaissance Center as a landmark. Five alter-
                                  natives are being explored for passing the River Link by this
                                  private development:

                                  ALTERNATIVE #1: RIVER LINK AT WATER'S EDGE

                                         An easement at the river's edge is preferred. The
                                         section drawings show the possibilities for separating
                                         the River Link from private development to alleviate
                                         security and marketability concerns. Section la and
                                         lb would require only 10 feet of Renaissance Center
                                         edge with the remainder of the River Link extended
                                         into the river on piers. In Section 1c, the River
                                         Link would be entirely on piers, physically separated
                                         from the shore.

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                                                                  152

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         RENAISSANCE CENTER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     153

                                  ALTERNATIVE #2: RIVER LINK ALONG RENAISSANCE CENTER DRIVE
                                  SOUTH
                                         This alternative, though not ideal, resolves the issue
                                         of security for development. Some traffic conflicts
                                         could occur unless the drive were extended to better
                                         accommodate bicycles and pedestrians. In order to
                                         maintain a visual and perceptual relationship to the
                                         river, height or space restrictions should be placed
                                         on the development. For e*xample, mid or high-rise
                                         could be permitted if the buildings were not a contin-
                                         uous "wall" that blocked views. Conversely, tightly-
                                         spaced buildings would be acceptable if their height
                                         were restricted. After passing Renaissance Center,
                                         the River Link could step down again to the edge or
                                         continue at the elevated level and connect into the
                                         "overlook" at the east end of Hart Plaza.

                                  ALTERNATIVE #3: RIVER LINK ALONG ATWATER
                                         This alternative would extend the River Link along At-
                                         water behind the proposed Renaissance Center housing.
                                         The right-of-way is minimal for providing a bicycle
                                         path and presents a traffic hazard to pedestrians and
                                         bicyclists, Furthermore, there will be no visual access
                                         to the river.

                                  ALTERNATIVE #4: RIVER LINK ALONG RENAISSANCE DRIVE NORTH
                                         This alternative has the same difficulties as alter-
                                         native #2 but removes the River Link further from the
                                         river and increases the potential traffic hazard.

                                  ALTERNATIVE #5: RIVER LINK ALONG JEFFERSON AVENUE
                                         This alternative again presents a traffic hazard and
                                         has a minimal right-of-way to create a bicycle path.
                                         This routing would further congest the Randolph/Jeffer-
                                         son intersection. Bicycle traffic would be added to
                                         the vehicular traffic turning into the Tunnel Toll
                                         Plaza, the high pedestrian volume going to and from
                                         the Hart Plaza and the new terminus of the Washinqton
                                         Boulevard Trolley.

                                                               154

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                                                                                                                                                               155

                                Chene Street Entry Alternatives

                                Creating a positive entry identity for the Chene Node is an
                                important element of the design. Equally important is direct
                                access for pedestrians, bicycles and automobiles coming from
                                Jefferson or the Lafayette/Elmwood housing north of Jefferson.
                                These four alternatives deal with the Chene Street entry and
                                its alignment to the north.

                                ALTERNATIVE #1: CREATE CHEME BOULEVARD SOUTH OF JEFFERSON
                                       This alternative creates a new Chene Boulevard south
                                       of Jefferson and aligns it directly to Chene Boulevard
                                       north of Jefferson. This prevents a jog in the align-
                                       ment and gives the site a dramatic entrance and a
                                       direct view to the Chene Park and the river. To imple-
                                       ment this boulevard Famous Furniture would have to be
                                       removed since it blocks this alignment. Famous Furni-
                                       ture, which is economically viable, would have to be
                                       relocated nearby.

                                ALTERNATIVE #2: CREATE PARTIAL CHENE BOULEVARD
                                       This alternative requires the removal of a small portion
                                       of Famous Furniture to align the boulevard to the north.
                                       With remodeling and facade improvements, Famous Furni-
                                       ture could remain.

                                ALTERNATIVE #3: CHEME ENTRY AT EPMD SITE
                                       The EPMD building is city owned and scheduled for de-
                                       molition. A new boulevard entry could be created on
                                       this site. This boulevard could not align with the
                                       boulevard to the north and would not give direct visual
                                       access to the river.

                                ALTERNATIVE #4: JOS. CAMPAU ENTRY
                                       The fourth alternative is to establish the Chene Node
                                       entry at Jos. Campau which has the widest right-of-way
                                       in the LRPP. Since this entry would not directly enter
                                       the parks, the parking lot at Parke-Davis on the river's
                                       edge-could ideally be converted to recreational use.

                                                             156

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                                                                                157

                             Globe Playhouse Location Alternatives

                             Tile Globe Playhouse is a proposed reconstruction of the 16th
                             century theatre used for the production of Shakespeare's plays.
                             Wayne State University with cooperation from the City of
                             Detroit has undertaken this project and has indicated an
                             interest in locating the playhouse in the LRPP area. Five
                             sites have been initially indentified as possible locations
                             for the Theatre:

                             ALTERNATIVE #1: THE WATER BOARD PARCEL
                                     The parcel is located on the riverfront at Orleans
                                     Street, just west of the proposed St. Aubin Park and
                                     is currently available for development.

                             ALTERNATIVE #2: CHENE 2 SITE
                                     This parcel is currently city-owned. It is located
                                     directly north of Atwater Street between Dubois and
                                     Chene Streets. This is probably the best site in terms
                                     of historical setting and significance.

                             ALTERNATIVE #3: AINSWORTH WAREHOUSE SITE
                                     This city-owned warehouse is currently being considered
                                     for demolition, but could he converted as part of the
                                     Globe Playhouse development. The theatre itself could
                                     be located, as indicated in Alternative #2, on the
                                     Chene 2 site immediately south of the warehouse.

                             ALTERNATIVE #4: ST. AUBIN SITE
                                     The Playhouse could he located within the proposed St.
                                     Aubin Park. However, current Land and Water Con-
                                     servation Fund  restrictions prohibit the building of
                                     structures, other than for park use, on this property.

                             ALTERNATIVE #5: PARKE-DAVIS COMPLEX
                                     Buildings within -the soon-to-be-vacated Parke-Davis
                                     complex could be converted as part of the Globe Play-
                                     house development. Other land within the boundaries
                                     of the complex would be available for the theatre
                                     i t s e 1 f .

                                                           158

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                                                                           159

                 PPUl"OUD        This report advocates mixed land use in the LRPP to make the
                                 area viable and identify it as a unique feature in the urban
                   LAND US&      landscape of Detroit.   In order to achieve a balance of dif-
                                 ferent land uses, certain required actions must be identified.
             DLVI: LOIDIVIINI    Some are already underway; others must be undertaken in the
                 P1_\)0GRAM      near future to expedite the implementation of the LRPP. These
                                 actions include the followinq:

                                        Assemble the LRPP properties and obtain needed ease-
                                        ments .
                                        Improve street conditions in and related to the LRPP
                                        area .
                                        Institute the design for the Interpretive Link.
                                        Consolidate, reinforce and upgrade industry in the
                                        LRPP area,
                                        Assemble land preferred for new development; including,
                                        but not limited to, Port-site housing, Chene Street
                                        area housing, and the Atwater warehouse conversions.

                                 PI)BLIC OWNERSHIP CURRENT & RECOMMENDED PUBLIC ACQUISITION

                                 The upper map on the fol lowing paqe shows current public owner-
                                 ship and recommended  public acquisition in the LRPP area.
                                 Public ownership, as  illustrated in this map, is clearly for
                                 one of two purposes. Long term public holdings are for the
                                 specific use as Park  Node or River Link easements . Other publ ic
                                 land assemblages are  solely for the purpose of encouraqing
                                 private development. Both of these uses are considered essen-
                                 tial to the continuation of the city's renaissance.

                                 PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT & PRIVATE DEVFLOPMFNT OPPORTUNITY

                                 The previous chapter identified the many issues that the LRPP
                                 has raised. Among these are many proposed land trades, build-
                                 ing conversions and new developments. It should he noted
                                 that the execution of these projects will, in many cases, he

                                                               161

                             as a direct consequence of the LRPP. Without the orientation
                             and thrust provided by the LRPP, these projects would be dis-
                             jointed and, at best, marginally successful, if they were ever
                             initiated at all. The bottom map notes the land use pattern
                             and organization that will eventually emerge which emphatically
                             suggests public development parallel to and along the river's
                             edge. From Parke-Davis west to Renaissance Center, this linear
                             development will occur south of Atwater. From Parke-Davis east
                             to the Belle Isle Bridge this same pattern similarily occurs
                             hugging the river's edge. While public infra-structure and
                             development is being established, opportunities for private
                             mixed use developments are seen as occuring primarily adjacent
                             to and north of the LRPP system. The following projects are
                             all potential developments relating to and resulting from the
                             LRPP:
                                    Globe Playhouse Reconstruction
                                    Franklin Street Restaurant/Industrial District
                                    Warehouse conversions, including the Ainsworth,
                                      Globe Trading and Adair Street Warehouse
                                    Water Board Site Development
                                    Medusa Cement Land Trades
                                    Parke-Davis Development
                                    Port Site Development
                                    Coast Guard Expansion and Land Trades
                                    Establishment of Riverfront Improvement District
                                    New circulation system for the area
                                    Potential trolley system
                                    Market-rate and public subsidized housing
                                    Reorganization and enchancement of industrial areas
                                    Public/Institution developments of Coast Guard,
                                       Immigration, ONR

                                                           162

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                                                                                                                                                             163

                                                LAND USE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

                                                The land ownership and development aspects presented above
                                                result in acreage trade-offs between different land use
                                                types. These trade-offs are summarized as follows:

                                                                                 EXISTING            PROPOSED
                                                        LAND USE                 ACREAGE             ACREAGE_

                                                        Recreational                 11                   58

                                                        Mixed Use/Commer-
                                                        cial/Residential             so                  142

                                                        Industrial                   214                 107

                                                        Renaissance Center           37                   41

                                                        Institutional                21                   12

                                                        Vacant                       27                    0

                                                        TOTAL                        360                 360

                                                The implications of this program reflect overall city and
                                                Recreation Department policies:

                                                           Recreational land use constitutes the heart and pur-
                                                           pose of the LRPP. However, in keeping with mixed use
                                                           guidelines and maintaining and providing an economic
                                                           base, only 16% of the entire project area is desig-
                                                           nated recreational. This is still five times the exist-
                                                           ing recreational acreage. Property for recreational
                                                           development is obtained primarily from vacant land or
                                                           from consolidation of industry.
                                                           Mixed land use which includes new development of com-
                                                           mercial and residential is almost tripled. Again,
                                                           this property is obtained primarily from vacant land
                                                           and consolidation or relocation of industry.

                                                                                                 164

                                        Industrial land use is reduced by 50%. This reduction,
                                        however, comes primarily from abandoned or underutilized
                                        industrial and warehouse property. The land use design,
                                        in fact, attempts to carefully avoid removal of viable
                                        industry. Industry is considered an important element
                                        in the overall mixed use concept.
                                        Renaissance Center is expanding on the western edge of
                                        the project area. This additional property would
                                        likely be obtained from the end portion of the SEMTA
                                        rail tracks.
                                        Institutional land uses remain the same with the ex-
                                        ception of city-owned institutional property already
                                        slated for abandonment. This property would be util-
                                        ized for new mixed use development.
                                        Existing vacant land is utilized both for recreational
                                        purposes as well as for new development.

                                The Land Use Development Program for the LRPP expresses gen-
                                eral development trends for the area, as well as directions
                                set by the LRPP. Some industrial and commercial acreage is
                                being sacrificed, but at the same time all vacant and city-
                                owned property is being utilized. Changing land uses in the
                                area can lead to a rejuvenation and stability that is sorely
                                needed.

                                                               165

              LIAGIN11RING       ENGINEERING
                       C 0  1-,13 In order to provide preliminary cost data for the LRPP,
                                 project elements are broken into Parks, River Link Segments,
           CONSTRUCTION          and Interpretive Link Segments, and then analyzed relative
                                 to their engineering design and feasibility. This engineer-
                                 ing is preliminary in nature. Ftirther, engineering, es-
                                 pecially value engineerinq, will be required during design
                                 development to completely analyze design appropriateness in
                                 terms of both costs and environmental impacts.

                                 Parks

                                 In designing the parks the following primary engineering
                                 concerns were dealt with:

                                       soil condition
                                       *environmental impacts
                                       'harbor line
                                       river hydraulics
                                       .sewers and utilities

                                 fwenty soil horings were taken on the Chene #1 site in
                                 September, 1979. Engineering interpretation of this data
                                 is currently beinq processed. No borings have been taken
                                 on the St. Aubin or Mt. Elliott sites. Data from the
                                 borings indicate "fill" depths from seven feet to thirty-
                                 two feet with "clay" below these levels. "Peaty Marl",
                                 "Marl" and "Organic Silt" were also found at various
                                 levels. Preliminary indications are that the structural
                                 capacity of -the soil is very poor and structural loads of
                                 any consequence would have to be supported on costly piles.
                                 Ground water was enco(intered in many instances at five
                                 feet, although considerable variation is indicated. It is
                                 assumed in costing that these conditions occur at all
                                 si tes .

                                                            167

                               Environmental impacts such as noise, dust, erosion and the
                               like were dealt with in general terms during this study with
                               specific attention given to canal design and construction on
                               Chene #I/St. Aubin sites. An Environmental Assessment Report
                               is presently being prepared for the Chene #I/St. Aubin sites
                               by Schervish, Vogel, Merz, P.C. and Schimpeler-Corradino
                               Associates, but is not yet complete.
                               A hydraulic study for the proposed canal for Chene #l/St.
                               Aubin was completed by the Snell Environmental Group. This
                               study, which is available for review, shows that the design
                               as presented is acceptable for flow and prevention of stag-
                               nation.   The "scoop" projecting beyond the shoreline at the
                               canal entrance is hydraulically the best of the alternatives
                               studied. At the exit, a floating breakwall is the preferred
                               alternative. In terms of depth, edge design and canal shape
                               the design is acceptable, although the transition from the
                               river bottom to the canal bottom should be smooth.

                               To increase flow and decrease sedimentation, concrete side
                               walls are seen as the best alternative. However, se.dimenta-
                               tion and erosion control program would have to be developed
                               in conjunction with canal construction. Settlinq basins and
                               weirs might be required but could become positive features
                               in the final design.
                               No damage in the canal is expected from ice chunks. The
                               entrance and exit, however, would have to be designed to
                               withstand the horizontal forces of floating ice. The Belle
                               Isle Bridge acts as an ice break, preventinq major ice floes
                               in this section of the river. The problem of water surge
                               from large ships is not anticipated as a major concern be-
                               cause of the entrance/exit design and "inland" nature of the
                               canal. However, further study should be undertaken to
                               resolve any doubts regarding this notential impact.

                                                              168

                                In order to provide a "scoop" at the canal entrance,
                                extension beyond the harbor line is required. In the pro-
                                posed design of Chene #I, the scoop is shown approximately
                                forty feet from harbor line. In order to accomplish this,
                                an Army Corps of Engineers' permit is required. SVM has
                                had preliminary discussion with the Corps, but the permit
                                would not be given until the application is actually com-
                                pleted.
                                Storm sewers overflows are found at all three Park sites.
                                During heavy rains these sewers dump raw sewage directly
                                into the river. Park design accommodated these existing
                                overflows, but in Chene #1 a sewer syphon is priced in to
                                accommodate the canal. The Environmental Protection Agency
                                has hired consultants to propose remedies for this problem.
                                SVM discussed conditions at the Park sites with these con-
                                sultants, including the possibility of major retention
                                basins. Jinal recommendations, however, are a few years
                                away and therefore no further alternatives have been consi-
                                dered in the design.

                                The waterplay feature on Chene #1 is the final concern of
                                the Parks. Engineering of such a feature is extensive. A
                                closed circulating system has been considered the most
                                feasible, but no additional engineering has been done for
                                this report. However, a preliminary investigation included
                                a visit with the designers of Freeway Park in Seattle,
                                which has a similar water feature. Design development will
                                concentrate on this feature in more detail.

                                                             169

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                                                                                                                                  171

                                River Link Segments

                                Major engineering concerns in designing the River Link
                                segments deal with seawall and handrail design, as well as
                                certain park concerns including soils and hydrology.
                                Typical engineering sections deal with five different edge
                                types. After preliminary investigations in conjunction with
                                the Snell Environmental Group, a steel sheet capped with
                                concrete was chosen as the typical means of shoring the
                                edge. This allows the use of existing steel sheet pile and
                                concrete edges while still maintaining continuity for visual
                                purposes. Gabians or timber piles were rejected at the
                                river's edge but were still considered feasible for the
                                canal.

                                Major fill and land building possibilities to increase
                                riverfront land were considered but rejected as too costly
                                unless a tremendous quantity of earth fill could become
                                available (from subway construction, for example). Such an
                                undertaking would require extensive study and is beyond the
                                scope of this report. Where minimal land is available, as
                                in front of the Renaissance Center, cantilevered and pile
                                co.nstruction techniques of wood and concrete are proposed.
                                The following design criteria were determined for edge
                                design:

                                     �Provisions for maintenance and emergency vehicle
                                      access will be included in the physical configuration
                                      of the design and in the design loadinqs.
                                     �All sheet piling shall be designed with a tie-back
                                      system consisting of anchor rods and sheet pil,ing
                                      anchors. The spacing of the anchors may be altered or
                                      the sheet piling may be designed as free standing,
                                      depending on the conclusions developed when geotechni-
                                      cal information becomes available. The tie-backs will
                                      be located above the water level.

                                                           172

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                                                                                              173

                                      A concrete cap shall be installed on both new and
                                      existing sheet pile walls. The cap will serve as
                                      lateral support for the edge treatment. The cap shall
                                      extend below the low water level to protect the sheet
                                      piling against ice damage and improve appearance.
                                      Existing sheet pile or concrete walls were assumed to
                                      be stable and with the aid of the tie-back system,
                                      were used in all edge treatments.
                                One of the edge types is applied to each River Link Segment.
                                The segment sections indicate the various conditions
                                throughout the project area. In every section, the pedes-
                                trian-walkway is aligned at the very edge.
                                In some instances where the right-of-way is minimal, it is
                                combined with the bicycle path. Normally, however, the
                                bicycle path is separated from the aggregate and granite-
                                paved pedestrian surface by a landscaping area and, where
                                possible, a change in level. The bicycle path is paved with
                                asphalt to provide a continuous surface free of joints. A
                                handrail is proposed in most areas for safety considerations
                                and should be designed to take impact loads from snow trucks
                                and similar heavy equipment.

                                The following River Link segments are numbered to relate to
                                their specific locations in the LRPP System as shown on the
                                man nn P,1ne 170. Fiirthpr, the snecific enqineering seqment
                                type (a, b, c, d, e) is indicated with each engineering seq-
                                ment as well as showing its location on the map.

                                                             174

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                                                                                           175

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                             Interpretive Link Segments

                             The major engineering concerns of the Interpretive Link
                             Segments involve overhead utilities, traffic separation,
                             and pavements. Typical sections of each segment are shown.

                             To encourage new development along the trail, most street
                             paving, walks and curbs would be replaced. Visual surveys
                             showed this replacement as generally necessary throughout.
                             In addition, overhead electric and telephone utilities are
                             buried. It was assumed that gas, water and drainage systems
                             were satisfactory and would not have to be changed except
                             for manhole 'adjustments and the like at new paving areas.
                             Walks are generally priced as aggregate concrete with brick
                             joints to delineate the Interpretive Link. Roadways are
                             paved in asphalt except at particular areas to be emphasized
                             where the paving is brick.

                             Temporary bicycle lanes are indicated, eventually to be
                             replaced by permanent bicycle paths along the River Link.
                             Restricted time use of the bike paths (e.g. weekends) may be
                             necessary to avoid conflict with truck traffic.

                             These sections are to give design intent for the entire
                             trail but costs are given only for signage and the major
                             park access routes.

                             The following Interpretive tink segments are numbered to
                             relate to their specific locations in the LRPP system as
                             shown on the map on page 170.

                                                           179

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                                                    CONSTRUCTION COST SUMMARY

                                                    PARKS

                                                    The Chene/St. Aubin Park costs Include seawall and marina/canal development,
                                                    infrastructure, grading, fill, landscaping, bridges and other amenities to be
                                                    privately funded such as waterfalls, sunken gardens and the water play sculpture.
                                                    The Mt. Elliott Park costs include seawall stabilization and all other programmed
                                                    features.

                                                           Chene/St. Aubin Park                                 $15,500,000
                                                           Mt. Elliott Park                                       2,700,000
                                                           PARK TOTAL                                                       $18,200,000

                                                    RIVER LINK

                                                    The River Link figures include new shoreline stabilization, riverwalk, special
                                                    paving, lighting, hand rails. bike paths, furniture, and landscaping.

                                                                                                      Engineering
                                                    Development Phases                                Segments                 Cost

                                                    R-1    St. Antoine Parklette                      2                        $   440.000
                                                    R-2    Parke-Davis Easement                       11, 12                     1,350.000
                                                    R-3  Port Site Easement                         13, 14, 15,16                2,870.000
                                                    R-5    Renaissance Center Easement               20                            470.000
                                                    R-6    RenCen Parking Lot Easement                9,10                       1,830.000
                                                    R-7    Atwater Linkage                            3, 4, 5, 6                   860.000
                                                    R-8    Uniroyal Easement                          17, 18, 19                 1,330.000
                                                    R-9    Atwater Linkage                            7, 8                       1,510.000
                                                           RIVER LINK TOTAL                                                                 $11,640.000

                                                    INTERPRETIVE LINK

                                                    The Interpretive Link and access includes signage for truck routes, bicycle and
                                                    pedestrian ways, dedicatory plaques and monuments, access road improvements and
                                                    identity signs.
                                                                                                      Engineering
                                                    Development Phases                                Segments                     Cost

                                                    1.S.   Interpretive Signage                       A, B, C,E, F, I
                                                                                                      J, K, L,M, 0, P       $     180.000
                                                    1-1    Chene Street Park Entry                    G,H                         860.000
                                                    1-2    Mt. Elliott Street Park Entry              N                           380.000                                                1-3    Orleans Street Park Entry                  D                           590.000
                                                           INTERPRETIVE LINK TOTAL                                                       $2,010.000

                                                           TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS                                                     $31,850,000

                                                                                                   Contingency
                                                                                Architectural/Engineering
                                                                                  Construction Inspection                30%                   $ 9,550,000
                                                                                   Administration & Legal

                                                           TOTAL PROJECT COST                                                  $41,405,000

                                                                                                         182

                              CONSTRUCTION

                              The proposed design is somewhat complex in nature. In par-
                              ticular, the Chene and St. Aubin parks have unique elements
                              such as a water-play sculpture, a canal/marina and a water-
                              fall that are not ordinary elements in typical parks. Be-
                              cause specialized construction is required and will be phased
                              over a long period of time, it is recommended that Construc-
                              tion Management be utilized. Under this system, for example,
                              sea wall contractors can be contracted separate from land-
                              scape contractors. In this way, it is possible to gain the
                              most control over quality, maintain tighter schedules and
                              possibly reduce costs. Phasing of construction documentation
                              can also be paced with park development, thereby reducing
                              construction delays.

                              Because of the design complexity and anticipated high visi-
                              bility of the parks, it is recommended that special consid-
                              eration be given to park operations and maintenance. Con-
                              struction contracts with long-term maintenance clauses might
                              be considered as well as the use of private maintenance con-
                              tractors. The Recreation Department should diligently pursue
                              programs that the LRPP is capable of handling so that the
                              vitality of the proposed design is not diminished.

                                                             183

                 FUNDING      The LRPP may obtain financial assistance through a variety of
                              methods and sources. Sources of funding include direct grants,
                              repayable grants, loans, loan guarantees, advances, and techni-
                              cal assistance included as an integral part of a total project
                              work program. Generally, two types of financial assistance
                              are available: (1) revenue source and (2) local share assis-
                              tance.

                              The applicant or sponsor of the project must submit separate
                              applications to each agency or program that is appropriate for
                              the project's financing needs. There is no standard procedure
                              for identifying the agency or program to which applications
                              should be submitted (e.g., the LRPP might require that applica-
                              tions be submitted upon completion of each phase of the proposed
                              project, or financial assistance for a specific project might
                              be obtained through a multi-year commitment). Each project must
                              be considered individually based on the amount of direct grant
                              monies available, the applicant's financial capabilities, the
                              areals economic condition, the project's priority within compre-
                              hensive assistance program, and other factors.

                              The City of Detroit should follow the A-95 review process of
                              the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which assists the
                              applicant in locating the source most likely to provide finan-
                              cial assistance. To inform local community leaders of plans
                              for financing this project, potential funding sources are
                              summarized in the categories of federal, state, local and pri-
                              vate funding programs. The types of assistance available and
                              the potential applicability to the LRPP are briefly described
                              in the following charts.

                                                              185

                                              SOURCE
                        TITLE                 CONTACT               USE                                           POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY TO LRPP
                        FEDERAL               Department of the     Planning, engineering & technical         s-  Enqineerinq A technical assistance;
                                              Army                  tance for the study of flood contr:SI5;'      Funds for seawall construction
                        Small Projects                              fund implementation of recommendation,        along the riverfront in the LRPP area
                        Authority                                   including seawalls, breakwaters, leeves,
                        Flood Control                               non-construction oriented floor control
                                              Army Corp. of         measures, up to $2 million; additional
                                              Engineers             cost to municipality or by congress
                                                                    through congressional resolution
                        Coastal Zone          Department of         Planning, engineering, other technical        Development of a management program for mixed
                        Management Program    Commerce              assistance; no construction.     Development  use possibilities.
                        of 1972                                     of a management program for the land and      Engineering/technical assistance for canal,
                        (P.L. 92-583)         Michigan Depart-      water resources of coastal zonest     minimum marina, parks, easements
                                              ment of Natural       20% of total Droject cost must be provided    Engineering/technical assistance for
                                              Resources             by applicant; other Federal funds not         building conversions
                                                                    allowable match

                        Public Works &        Economic Develop-     Financial assistance for development          Development ana redevelopment in LRPP and
                        Economic Develop-     ment Administration   projects, redevelopment of an area or part    LRPP area; construction of public works
                        ment Act of 1965                            thereof, A public works; projects must be     projects in LRPP and LRPP area
                        General Fund          Michigan Depart-      located within an area designated by the
                        (P.L. 89-136)         ment of Commerce or   EDA or a.designated Economic Development
                                              Detroit Community A   Center
                                              Economic Develop-
                                              ment Department
                        Public Works          Economic Develop-     Supplemental A basic funding in the form      Construction of canallmarina; construction
                        Economic Develop-     ment Administration   of grant or loan monies available to con-     of industrial park; construction of access
                        ment Act of 196.5                           struct pub] ic works projects such as water   roads; construction of public tourism and
                        Title I               Michigan Depart-      A sewer systems, Industrial parks, access
                                              ment of Comm2rce  or  roads, park facilities, public tourism        information facilities; source of business
                                              Detroit Community A   facilities & to provide business develop-     development loans for private sector
                                              Economic Develop-     ment loans; must be located in an area
                                              ment Department       designated by EDA or a designated EDC
                        Public Works          Economic Develop-     Funds for obtaining technical assistance      Technical assistance to study impact
                        Economic Develop-     ment Administration   for preparation of impact analysis            analysis of LRPP area;
                        ment Act of 1965                            strategies; fund implementation of            Land acquisition A redevelopment
                        Title IX              Michigan Depart-      recommendations including land acquisi-
                                              ment of Commerce or   tions A redevelopment; must be located
                                              Detroit Community A   within an area designated by EDA or a
                                              Economic Develop-     designated EDC
                                              ment Department

                                                                                        186

                           TITLE                  SOURCE                USE                                              POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY TO LRPP
                                                  CONTACT
                           Clean Water Act        Environmental Pro-    Funds to communities planning sewage             Funding of combined water & sewer systems.
                           Amendment of 1977      tection Agency        treatment improvements with federal              retention basins, sewer easements.
                           (P.L. 95-017)                                assistance to evaluate for multi-purpose         evaluation of multi-use or recreation
                                                  Detroit Water Board   recreational development in the sewer            projects related to necessary sewage and
                                                  or Southeast Michi-   R-O-W                                            drainage improvements
                                                  gan Council of
                                                  Governments

                           Federal Aid Urban      Federal Highway       Improve serv-Me-Fo-major activity centers        Source of planninq A engineering funds for
                           System Fund --         Administration        within urban.areas; planning, surveying,         R-O-W acquisition; new construction and
                           various sections of                          research, eng., R-O-W acq., new construct,       reconstruction; resurfacing roads,
                           Title 23               Michigan Department   reconst_ rehab., etc., resurfacing, road-        roadside beautification, & recreation as
                                                  of Transportation     side beautific. A recreation.      Funds may     appl-ied to bridges, bikeways, pedestrian
                                                  and Detroit           be applied to hwys., bridges. bikeways,          walkways, parking facilities, rest areas
                                                  Department of         ped. walkways, fringe A corridor parking         and small boat access sites thru the
                                                  Transportation        fac., rest areas & certain smal    I boat        LRPP parks, links & general area
                                                                        arrps- ,it s
                           Federal Aid Highway    Federal Highway       Purchase of rail rolling stock, bus shel-        Extension of trolley; trolley and bus
                           Act of 1977            Administration        ters, fixed rail facilities; in     urban        shelter acouisition; acouire R.O.W. &
                           Section 142, Title                           area, where included on Federal     Aid Urban    constructinn funds for publicly owned
                           23                     Mich`T7q_i`neparment  System, acquisition of R-O-W & construc-         Parking facilities. If extensions of Chene,
                                                  of Transportation     tion of publicly owned parking facilities        Mt. Elliott & Atwater Streets are on FAUS.
                                                  and Detroit                                                            then assistance available for R-O-W and
                                                  Department of                                                          constructing publicly owned parking
                                                  Transportation                                                         facilities
                           Land & Water Con-      Department of         Acquisition A developm'ent of outdoor rec-       Includes cost of design A engineering of
                           servation Act of       Interior              reation facilities. both land & water;           approved projects; main probable use on
                           1965  (P.L. 88-578)    Heritage Conserva-    includes bikeways; 40-50% federal/               park sites.    Present source of acquisition
                                                  tion & Recreation     remainder - state and local match                funds and first phase of development.        Can
                                                  Service                                                                be used for any outdoor recreation which
                                                  Michinan Department                                                    will remain recreation in perpetuity
                                                  of Natural
                                                  Resources
                             storic               Heritage Conserva-    T-resevation of nationally significant his-      Several buildings, including Coast Guard
                           Preservation Act       tion A Recreation     toric A cultural sites. 50% fed/50%              customs house and various private buildings,
                           of IA66                Service               local (local share can be comprised of           could be put on National Register and
                                                                        other federal & state monies)                    subsidies then available for historic
                                                  Michigan Secretary                                                     preservation. rehabilitation. and conversion
                                                  of State-Historic
                                                  Preservation Divis-
                                                  Ion

                                                                                              187

                                                           SOURCE
                              T I T L E                    CONTACT                        USE                                                        POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY TO LRPP
                              National Trails              Heritage conserva-             Project on public or private land for                         Construction of linkages and bikeways
                              System Act of 1968           tion & Recreation            Public use, primarily recreational in
                              (P.L. 90-543)                Service                      nature; 25 year bikeway maintenance
                                                                                        agreement required; 40-50% federal/remain-
                                                           Michigan Department          der - state & local match
                                                           of Natural Resour-
                                                           ces

                              Urban Park &                 Heritage                     Rehab. grants for rebuild., remodel,ex-                       expansion,rehabilitation, etc. of
                              Recreation Recovery          Conservation and             pand., or develop. existing neighbor. out-                 existing recreation areas & facilities
                              Act of 1978                  Recreation Service           door or indoor recreation areas A facili-                   in the LRPP (Detroit's present
                                                                                        ties & innovative new park programs; 70%                      priority is neighborhood center
                                                                                        fed./30% local or 85% fed./15% local                        renovation)
                                                           Regional Heritage          (where local share is contrib. by state).
                                                                                       no new acq. allowed. Named 368 cities &
                                                           Conservation and             counties as eliq. - Detroit is a priority
                                                           Recreation Service           area; 85% of funds are to priority areas
                             Housing and                  Department of                 Aid low A moderate income people A prevent                   Acquisition and development of real
                             Community                  Housing A Urban                blight & slums through housing & economic                         property, recreation facilities, public                                                                                                     development act of        development                    development; meet emergency community                         facilities, water & sewer facilities,
                             1974 (p.l. 93-383)                                        development needs. Formal citizens                            streets, housing,urban beautification
                                                          Detroit Community A          participation required; planning &                            (tree planting); relocation & demolition
                              Community                    Economic                   construction allowed; CdEG funds may be                        costs through the LRPP area.  Macth for
                                                           Development                    used as match to any other federal
                              Development                  Department                                                                                 LWCF eligible projects, additional ease-
                              Entitlement     Grant      department of                               program                                                       ment acquisition, land trade-offs, etc.
                              housing and
                              Community                  Housing A Urban              grants to assist severly distressed cities                    Full range of development activities,
                              Development Act Of           Development                  & urban communities in alleviating                            including land acquisition, demolition &
                              1974    ( P . L .93-383)      -                           physical & economic deterioration through                     site developments,leverage private
                              Urban Development            Detroit Community           economic development & neighborhood                           investments for entertainment centers,
                              Action Grants                Economic                     revitalization; strong & firm Private                         commercial & housing complexes, etc.,
                                                           Development                  resource commitment required (1:4 grant to                    adjacent to parks
                                                           Department                   match Private investment)

                              Comprehensive                Department
                              Employment &                 Labor                        Funds to create new jobs in a variety of                      Development of private projects partially
                              Training Act of                                           fields & to continue services that cannot                     using ceta employment/training programs;
                              1973                         Detroit Department           be supported with local funds alone; 100%                     funds for employees for early years
                              (P.L. 95-524)                of Employment A              federal                                                       maintenance
                                                           Training

                                                                                                                    188

                                             SOURCE
                      T I TLE                CONTACT              U S E                                        POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY TO LRPP
                      National Endowment     National Endowment   Promote excellence in desiqn quality of      General area design, design of sculpture.
                      for the Arts & Hu-     for the Arts         the built environment through practical A    water play features, special arts area;
                      manities Act of 196!                -       innovative projects relatinq to city         programs to improve public awareness of
                      (P.L. 89-209)          Michigan A Detroit   design; Foster professional education A      linked Parks Project & importance of
                      Promotion of Arts/     Coun@il of the Arts  development; environmental education &       riverfront redevelopment
                      Architecture I                              public awareness; research A design
                      Livable Cities         Detroit Recreation   projects; 50% federal/50% state or local
                      Programs               Department           small grants with no funds for facility
                                                                  construction
                      State & Local          Qepartment of        Uncond. fiscal assist.; Distributed to       Capital expenditures; maintenan-ce and
                      Fiscal Assistance      Treasury             each state by formula of proportionate       operating costs; grant match
                      Act of 1972                                 share of fed. revenue sharing; Minimum   2/3
                      (P.L. 92-512)                               of ea. state allocition must be alloc.   to
                                                                  local gen. Purpose qov'ts. Additional
                                             City Finance         funds to augment exist. programs not al-
                                             Department           ready sponsored or funded fed.; ordinary A
                                                                  necessary maint.,ooerating exp.&.fiscal
                                                                  ai1Pii1n.-,ord.Knec. canital Pynenditures
                      STATE OF MICHIGAN
                      State Hi hway Funds Michigan Department     Not less than 1% of gas taxes collected      Facilities & services for  links, bike
                      (P.A. 513              of Transportation    for State highway funds set aside for        paths, pedestrian walks and
                                                                  mandatory & exclusive use of non-            pedestrian bridges
                                                                  motorized transportation facilities &
                                             Detroit Department   services
                                             of Transportation

                      Governor's Urban       Department of        SIO million in first phase for projects      Acquisition.   expansion & development
                      Thrust Program         Natural Resources    in the southern lower Penninsula,            of land easements for recreational
                                                                  including acquisition, expansion, and        purposes; acquisition, expansion &
                                                                  development of certain recreational          development of fishing, marina &
                                                                  projects                                     boat related projects

                      Metro Fishing Plan     Michi an             Improve public access to and development     Edge improvements and protection
                                             Depar?ment of        of fishing sites; fishing bulkheads,         at Linked Park sites
                                             Natural Resources    shoreline stabilization

                                             Fisheries Division

                                                                                       189

                                                SOURCE
                         TITLE                  CONTACT               USE                                              POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY TO LRPP
                         Water'ays Division     State Department of     Funds generated from gas tax on boats          Construction of marinas, launching
                         Fundsw                 Natural Resources       for use in the development & construction      sites, canal boat parking; technical
                                                                        of marinas & laiinching sites on inland        A engineering assistance
                                                Waterways Division      lakes A Great Lakes

                         Michigan Land          Departme "t of          A land acquisition fund to provide
                         Trust Fund Act         Natural Resources                                                      Further land acquisition for recreation;
                                                                        broad recreational opportunity, espec-         acquisition of casements in LRPP area
                         of 1976                                        ially providing land for recreation in
                                                                        or near urban areas A connecting in
                                                                        Great Lakes A tributaries; revenue from
                                                                        sale of oil, gas A mineral leases on
                                                Office of Budget        state lands and from product royalties
                                                A Federal Aid           at those leases

                         Special Legislative State Legislature          Special projects of value. importance,
                                                                                                                       Could be used for new or redevelopment
                         Appropriation                                  etc.; legislator sponsors a grant-in-          special projects   In LRPP area;
                                                An individual           transfer bill                                  e.g. Globe Theatre, State Waterfront
                                                legislatrir                                                            Exhibits, etc.

                         Michigan.State         Michigan State          Development Authority sells tax free           Source of funds for the development of
                         Housing                Housing                 municipal bonds on open market and then        proposed housing project at the Mt.
                         Development            Development             makes money available for loans to             Elliott node as well as other proposed
                         Authority Loans        Authority               housing investors                              housing sites in the LRPP area

                         LOCAL
                         General Obligation     City of Detroit         Any project as earmarked; back by full         Large initial capital investment for
                         Bonds                                          faith & credit of the issuer; Issuer may       development 6 rehabilitation for LRPP
                                                                        levy ad-valorem general property taxes         projects. Major source of present
                                                                        to Pay for bond; payback spread out over       City of Detroit funding for LRPP
                                                                        a period of years; subject to a local          elements
                                                                        referendum

                                                                                              190

                         TITLE                  SOURCE                USE                                              POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY TO LRPP
                                                CONTACT
                         Revenue Bonds          City of Detroit       Any proiect that can generate its own            Loaned on services such as parking
                                                                      revenues; normally no financial backing          garage, concessions in park facilities,
                                                                      of revenue bond other than obligation of         marinas, short term boat parking.
                                                                      borrower to operate the service to               Could be used for construction of such
                                                                      nrovide sufficient net revenues to meet          facilities
                                                                      obligation

                         Special Assessment- -City of Detroit         Justified where certain properties receive       Properties fronting the improved
                         Bonds                                        special benefits not accruing to other           streets & R-O-Ws in the link segments
                                                                      properties; assessment apportions cost           of LRPP; could also be used to repay
                                                                      in relation to benefits attributed.              general obligation bonds borrowed at
                                                                      Payable from receipts of special benefits        lower interest rates for Initial
                                                                      assessment. when they are collected              construction capital

                         Development            City of Detroit       Mechanism to correct A prevent economic          Finance capital projects; Debt service
                         Authority              (enablinn state       deterioration & promote economic growth in       on General Obligation bonds sold for
                                                legislation           business districts                               capital projects in area; Extend Downtown
                                                allowing creation     Utilizes tax increment financing A               Development Authority to LRPP area or
                                                of these authori-     development plan which diverts increased         establish new Riverfront Development
                                                ties)                 tax revenues as determined by increase in        Authority
                                                                      property values in an area & with powers
                                                                      to buy & sell properties, sell revenue
                         GENERAL                                      bonds. etc.

                         General Fund           State; County;        Allocations from general revenues where          Use as necessary and allowable.
                         Revenues               City                  financial situation of municipality              Will be required for project main-
                                                Finance Department    allows                                           tenance

                         Continuing Tax         State; County;        Provides a fixed amount of money for a           Use as necessary and allowable
                         Levy                   C I ty                specific time period for a specific
                                                                      purpose; requires voter approval; assures
                                                                      dependable annual revenue
                                                Finance Department

                                                                                            191

                                                 SOURCE
                         TITLE                   CONTACT                 USE                                               POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY TO LRPP

                         PRIVATE
                         National and Local      For extensive           Broad purpose, especially community               ProJects of Particular applicability
                         Foundations             listing refer   tol     development oriented including                    In the LRPP would include:
                                                                         recreation, cultural activities, urban h              -Globe Theatre
                                                                         civic improvements, historic preservation,            -Waterplay sculptures
                                                                         renovation, one-time "seed"i(nonqy, etc.              -building renovations and conversions
                         Ornanizations           For extensive           Private-orqanizations and associations                -art projects, historic preservation, etc.
                                                                                                                            Same as above
                         Associations            listing refer   1:02    are often sources of funds for various
                                                                         community projects. Funding is usually
                                                                         broad purpose in nature, with an emphasis
                                                                         on community development

                         National
                            - F-oundation Directory
                              % Foundation Center
                              988 7th. Ave.
                              N.Y. 'n.y.    10019
                                     or
                              Foundation Directory
                              % Foundation Center
                              Regional Collection Center
                              Wayne State University
                              Purdy Library
                              Detroit, Mi. 48202
                         Local
                            -Richiqan Foundation Directory
                              % Michigan League for fluman Services
                              200 Hill St.
                              Lansing, Mi.   4R9n9

                         2  Encyclopedia of Associations
                            % Foundation Center
                            Regional Collection Center
                            Wayne State 11niversity
                            Purdy Library
                            Detroit. Mi. 48202

                                                                                               192

                                               POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES

                                               This chart illustrates potential funding sources and their
                                               application to the various project elements. As the project
                                               is implemented, each program must be reviewed at the time of
                                               application for funding and the source agency contacted for                                           more specific details.

                               Potential                                   FEDERAL                                      STATE                LOCAL             GEN.        PRIV.
                                   Funding
                                    Sources

                                                                                              <
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT E L emen ts

                          Chene Park                                  St. Aubin Park
                          Mt. Elliott Park

                          Chene St. Entry                                 Orleans St. Entry
                          Mt. Elliott Entry

                          R-1,2,3,4,5,6,8
                          R- 7 , 9

                          Interpretive Link

                                                                                                 193

                 PHASING      This chapter represents the overall phasing of the LRPP.   In
                              determining the phasing schedule, the following factors were
                              generally considered:

                                     Time necessary for the acquisition of land and ease-
                                     ments.
                                     Varied funding sources and their time schedules,
                                     specific requirements, etc.
                                     Ability to complete segments of the system within pre-
                                     scribed phases.
                                     Cost of the entire LRPP system.
                                     Private sector involvement, including time schedules.
                                     Time needed for design, engineering, preparation of
                                     contracts, and acquiring permits.
                                     Fast track construction and Critical Path Method (CPM)
                                     scheduling.

                              GENERAL PHASING STRATEGY

                              The project elements have been grouped into one of four cate-
                              gories: Park Nodes or development Nodes, River Links, Inter-
                              pretive Links, and Truck Routes.

                              The park or development nodes are, from west to east: Renais-
                              sance Development, Chene Node, Parke-Davis Development, Mt.
                              Elliott Node, and Uniroyal Development.

                              Each of the elements within these nodes is divided into four
                              phases from A to D. Each phase is assumed to take from one
                              to three years, although overlapping will result from the
                              interface of public and private funding. The elements are a
                              also numbered regardless of the node, in their assumed timing
                              sequence. Using the Phasing Matrix, it can be seen that in
                              Phase C in the Chene Node the Atwater portion of the River
                              Link is completed. This portion is labeled R-7 which means
                              that it is the seventh portion of the link completed.

                                                             195

                                          PHASING MATRI.X

                                          RENAISSANCE                CHENE                     PARKE-DAVIS                 MT. ELLIOTT                   UNIROYAL
                                          PEVELOPMENT                 NODE                     DEVELOPMENT                  NODE                        DEVELOPMENT
                            PHASE A       I S.   Interpretive         I S.   Interpretive        I S.   lntqrpretive         I.S.   Interpretive         I S.    Interpretive
                                                 Signage                     Siqnage                    Siqnage                     Signage                      Signage
                                                 Franklin Street             Woodbridge and             Atwater, Jos.               Franklin                     Jefferson
                                                                             Franklin                   Campau and
                                          T-1    Temporary Truck                                        Franklin
                                                 Route                P-1    Chene Park          T-I    Temporary Truck T-I         Temporary Truck
                                                                      T-I    Temporary Truck            Route                       Route
                                                                             Route
                            PHASE 8       R-I    St. Antoine          1-1    Chene Entry         R-2    Parke-Davis          R-3    Port Site Ease-      R-4     Gabriel Richard
                                                 Parklette            P-2    Chene Park                 Easement                    ment                         Park
                                          R-5    Renaissance
                                                 Center               P-1    St. Aubin Park

                            PHASE C       R-6    Renaissance          1-3    Orleans Entry                                   P-1    Mt. Elliott Park R-8         Uniroyal Ease-
                                                 Center               P-3    Chene Park                                      1-2    Mt. Elliott                  ment
                                                                      R-7    Atwater                                                Entry

                                                                      P-2    St. Aubin

                            PHASE D       R-9    Atwater              P-3
                                                                             St. Aubin   Park R-7 Atwater                    1-4    Adair  Entry        T-2      Permanent Truck
                                          T-2    Permanent Truck      R-9    Atwater             T-2 Permanent Truck         P-2    Mt. Elliott Park             Route
                                                 Route                                                Route
                                                                      T-2    Permanent Truck                                 T-2    Permanent Truck
                                                                             Route                                                  Route

                                          Park Phase Designation                                                     Linkag e System Designation
                                          P I Phase one                                                              I  Interpretive Link
                                          P 2  Phase Two                                                             R  River Link
                                          P 3  Phase Three                                                           I.S. Inter retive Signage
                                                                                                                     T  Truck Routes

                                                                                                 196

                                The matrix also shows that construction emphasis in early
                                is on the western nodes (Renaissance and Chene) and the Link-
                                age System so that it acts as a catalyst for private develop-
                                ment while the Mt. Elliott node to the east is assumed to re-
                                act to private development, especially the anticipated housing
                                on the Port Site.

                                The overall phasing drawing shows the five nodes and the
                                Linkage or truck route system contained in each and shows how
                                the entire system works together. Each of the four Phase
                                A to D is then illustrated individually to show what is com
                                pleted in each one-to-three year time span.

                       phase a links			phase c links		park sites

                       phase b links			phase d links
    															linked
    															riverfront
    															parks
    															project
    										implementation			city of detroit
    										phasing				recreation department

    															Schervish Vogel Merz pc
    															architects/landscape architects
    															detroit michigan

                                                             197

                                Phase "A"

                                Phase "A" will see Interpretive Link     nage installed and the
                                establishment of a temporary bike patshl?perhaps weekends only)
                                on that link. Temporary truck routes will also be established.
                                The first part of Chene Park will have been completed and, in
                                fact, one of the "activities" on the Interpretive Link will be
                                to watch this construction take place. With the signage of
                                the Interpretive Link, an "identity" for the LRPP will be
                                established early.

                                Phase "B"

                                Phase "B" will see the beginnings of t@.e River Link in,front
                                of Renaissance Center so that a direct tie to Hart Plaza be-
                                comes feasible. The River Link will be established at the
                                Port site and Parke-Davis. A "parklette" at the foot of St.
                                Antoine is established to create a focus for river access near
                                the CRD. Likewise, the Chene Street entry is created to es-
                                tablish identity at Jefferson Avenue and the Gabriel Richard/
                                Belle Isle Bridge entry is established to create an identity
                                at the eastern edge of the LRPP. Construction continues on
                                the Chene #1 Park as it is linked with the St. Aubin Park via
                                the canal. The seawall at Chene #1 is completed during this
                                p h a s e .

                                                               198

                                                                            T-1

                        I.S.                              M@ now

                  PHASE    A

                                             t

                                                                                        -4

                  PHASE B
                                                   L4 41

                PA F V- f q ffv F-e7   LINKYna PWKva6
                        P-1 - FP#,SE: ONE  R  F?4VLpL LINK            I.S. INTEFtFPFE:Tlvc- L114K 4161mk6pc-
                        P-2 FWASS TWO  El   I INTeftPPL&TNe LINI&     T-1 TWOMAitY TFRUCK POLITS
                        P-3 M4A@Sfi THW       6URP614T N*ES           T-2 F&RMMENT TRLk-I& F@DU'rp.

                        cuppaw pmsr6          MOP- NA6M

                                                 199

                              Phase "C"

                              Phase "C" will see work continued on the River Link past the
                              Renaissance Center and along Atwater in the Chene Node to com-
                              pliment the completion of the canal. The Uniroyal River Link
                              is established so that the Gabriel Richard/Belle Isle Bridge
                              entry now ties into the Mt. Elliott Node. Chene Park is com-
                              pleted and the seawall is established at the St. Aubin Park.
                              The Orleans entry completes the northern access to the St. Aubin
                              Park. The Mt. Elliott Park seawall and fishing area is created
                              and the Mt. Elliott Boulevard and entry is established to bring
                              the public into the Node.

                              Phase "D"

                              Phase "D" ties the complete River Link together by completing
                              the Atwater portion. The final north/south access to the
                              LRPP is established at Adair Street. The private development
                              and public plaza at the St. Aubin Park is completed. The Mt.
                              Elliott Park landscaping is installed. Truck routing, which
                              has been gradually changing -to correspond with land use changes
                              is now permanently fixed to avoid conflicts with LRPP access
                              and linkages. The designated bicycle route is removed from
                              the Interpretive Link with the completion of the River Link.

                              This scenario over the next ten to twelve years would create
                              public improvements that would encourage   private development
                              activity for many years to come.

                                                            200

                                                                  TIL                    1-2

                                                              R.

                                R-6
                                               V
                                                                                        p

                   PHASE       C

                                                                               1-4         IT-2
                                                                    -2
                                            1:'2
                                                       2
                                                                      &MUM                          i

                                                                                        P-2
                                                p 3
                    PHASE       D

                                                     R   R4VePL UNK                   I.S. INTEFtrRETIVE: L-11414 410MOO&
                            p -I rwl@se ONE     EA
                                                  -A  I  lNTt!FLFPtTNS LINW-          T-1 TaMPOIRAP( TPLIC-14 FOM
                      71    p p pW@66 lWo
                            P-3 F14tt% TH"S              6URFLENT FHK2,ES             T-2 rE:RMME-NT TRUCK fRoUlS

                            cuppfjv                      rRIOFL PHMM

                          1 PFI I Cr PHK-E!5,

                                                                 201

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                 SUMMARY      RECOMMENDATIONS

                              With the firm conviction that the Linked Riverfront Parks
                              Project is critically important not only to the Detroit River-
                              front but to the continued renaissance of the City of Detroit,
                              the following recommendations are made.

                                      Adopt the LRPP as city policy that supports the "public
                                      accessil goals and objectives of the Mayor's Office and
                                      the city government.

                                      Establish an inter-departmental task force to include
                                      the Mayor's Office and appropriate city departments,
                                      which has as its goal the coordination of all federal,
                                      state and local agencies necessarily involved in any
                                      aspect of the implementation of the LRPP.

                                      Continue comprehensive urban design planning efforts
                                      of the entire LRPP area to provide for a coordination
                                      of all other planning efforts currently underway.

                                      Encourage development by the private sector to inter-
                                      relate with all proposed public improvements and estab-
                                      lish tax-revenue, mixed-use in the area.

                                      Create a special zoning district of the Linked River-
                                      front Parks Project area for pusposes of realizing the
                                      design and planning intent of this project.

                              CONCLUSION

                              The physical and environmental aspects of the Detroit River-
                              and the Linked Riverfront Parks Project area present opportuni-
                              ties as well as constraints that affect the planning of park
                              and linkage functions and ultimately their final design.

                                                            203

                             Analysis has shown that extensive industrial activity, although
                             it generates certain circulation and environmental impacts, can
                             be seen as a positive force that provides a vitality and char-
                             acter upon which to build. The warehouses, the granite curbs,
                             the conveyor belts, the brick paving, the cement ships, taken
                             collectively, add to a sense of history and scale that can be
                             preserved. This character can be enhanced by expandinq exist-
                             ing framed views to the river and orientation to the Renaissance
                             Center to give an overall visual identity to the Detroit River-
                             front.

                             Pedestrian, bicycle and boat access can be obtained where none
                             now exists. Problems of truck traffic, parking, and sewer over-
                             flows are engineering/design problems that can be resolved with
                             a commitment to the intent of the LRPP.

                             The process demonstrated herein, illustrates a concern for pre-
                             senting the design intent with clarity. Analysis, programming,
                             land use and circulation were explored in depth in order to
                             evolve a design for the park links and nodes. This design
                             responds to the physical and natural features of the land and
                             the water as well as the city's needs and objectives. The Linkage
                             System fulfills the concept of tying together park nodes, and
                             at the same time provides linear functions such as bicycling,
                             strolling and jogging. The linear design is enriched with such
                             amenities as special paving and lighting to ensure a pleasant
                             and safe experience between destinations. The parks themselves
                             are designed as intense activity nodes for visitors to experience.

                             The designs are meant to be exciting and dramatic in order to be
                             real catalysts and because too long has Detroit been considered
                             an urban wasteland! The Globe Playhouse, Ghirardelli-like ware-
                             house conversions, housing, restaurants, shops, offices, and
                             industry will crystalize around this catalyst park system and
                             continue the energy generated by the public and private coalition
                             that is responsible for the positive and promising direction the
                             City has taken.

                                                            204

                                "Its banks are so many broad meadows whose gross is kept
                                forever green by the freshness of those lovely waters, These
                                prairies are bordered with long, broad lanes of fruit trees which
                                have never felt the careful hand of the vigilant gardener, and
                                thus, under the weight of their abundant fruit they give way, and
                                bend their branches toward the ferfile ground that produced
                                them. It is in this fertile land that the ambitious vine, never
                                having wept under the knife of the industrious vintner, spreads a
                                thick roof of broad leaves and heavy grope cluster, topping the
                                woods to which it clings, often suffocating it in this tight
                                embrace."

                                                              Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac
                                                              to Mmes. Calliere & Champigny.
                                                              describing the Detroit Riverfront
                                                              8 October 1701

                  FPILOGUF     Detroit's renaissance is real.  The challenge for urban
                               revitalization is being accepted in a city that was an
                               urban industrial prototype and is becoming a national
                               symbol for rebirth. If Detroit is to succeed, if it is to
                               become a city of reknown and a place of excitement to live
                               in and visit, then all efforts must be taken to build upon
                               and realize its unique human and physical resources.

                               The task at hand is not easy. The public and private sec-
                               tors of the City must invest productively in its future.
                               A spirit and a vision of a great Detroit must be built on
                               bold actions and existing momentum such as that which is
                               currently emerging from riverfront development projects.

                               In considering the monumental challenges ahead, it seems
                               appropriate to quote Daniel Hudson Burnham, the famous
                               architect, planner and urbanologist, who was responsible
                               for the Chicago plan and Lakefront park system, from an
                               address to the Chicago Businessmen's Club in 1912 ...

                                   "Make no little plans; they have no magic to
                                    stir men's blood and probably themselves will
                                    not be realized. Make big plans; aim high in
                                    hope of work, remembering that a noble, logical
                                    diagram once recorded will never die, but long
                                    after we are gone will be a living thing,
                                    asserting itself with evergrowing insistency.
                                    Remember that our children and grandchildren
                                    are going to do things that would stagger us.
                                    Let your watchword be order and your beacon
                                    be beauty."

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