[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]







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                  el                       10   CA 4z















          TOWN OF


          INDIAN HEAD


          N A TURE PARK
            SB
            482
            M32
            T69
            1991










      TOWN OF
      INDIAN HEAD
      NATURE PARK
      PROJECTPLAN








      Prepared for:
          Town of Indian Head
          Jeffrey E. Repp, Town Manager


      Prepared by:
          Redm'an/johnston Associates, Ltd.
          Easton, Maryland 21601

















                                           Acknowledgements

















                       Funding for this project is provided by the Coastal Resources
                       Division, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, through a
                       grant provided by the Coastal Management Act of 1972,
                       administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
                       Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.






           TABLE OF
           CONTENTS

           Summary of Recommendations                                                           iv

           List of Illustrations                                                                v





                                                                                          one


           Background                                                                           1

           The Park Area                                                                        2


           Users                                                                                3


           Features                                                                             4
                     Zoning and Land Use                                                        4
                     Roads and Other Entrances                                                  5


                 Natural Features                                                               6
                     Wetlands and Waterways                                                     6
                     Soils                                                                      6
                     Slopes and Shore Erosion                                                   7

                 Protecting Habitats                                                            7

                 Recommendations for Critical Area Habitats                                     8
                     Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV)                                         8

                 Large Forested Areas (which are habitat for Forest
                 Interior Dwelling Birds (FIDBs) and other wildlife)                            9


                 Anadromous Fish Spawning Streams                                               9

                 Nontidal Wetlands                                                             10

                 Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat                                     11

                 Waterfowl Staging and Concentration Areas                                     11


                                                                                             Page i








                       two
           13                      Recommendations

           13                      Summary of Important Features: Constraints and
                                   Opportunities

           13                            Mattingly Park

           13                            Mattawoman Woods Buffer

           13                            Privately Owned Lands

           14                            Town-owned parcel south of Woodland Hills

           15                      Phasing of Park Development

           15                            Phase I Mattingly Park and Mattawoman Woods

           18                            Phase 11 Woodland Hills Nature Park Expansion

           19                            Phase III

           20                               A. West Parcel (Hungerford parcel 162)
           20                               B. East Parcel (p. 182)

           21                      Access for People with Disabilities

           22                            Physical Limitations

           22                            Visual Limitations
           22                            Specific Recommendations for Disabled Access to
                                         Nature Park Facilities















                           Page ti







                                                                                        three

           Implementation                                                                       24

           Acquiring Open Space                                                                 24

           Developing Recreation Facilities                                                     24

                  Cost Estimates, Select Phase I, Site Improvements                             25

                  Suggested Plants for a Nature Park                                            26

           Funding Options                                                                      27
                     Accessing Funds                                                            28
                     Managing Funds                                                             28
                     State and Federal Funds                                                    29


           Permits                                                                              30
           Postscript Construction and Management                                               31
                                                                                                31

           Additional Sources of Information                                                    32

           Protected Habitats                                                                   32

           Wetlands and Waterways                                                               33

           Appendices                                                                           35
















                                                                                             Page iii













                                                     Summary Recommendations




                Develop Design Concept                        Develop a Plan                         Develop a Strategy

               Analyze features
                                                             Build as three phases ac-             . Use existing develop-
                  - Who will be the user?                    cording to patterns of                   ment regulations to ac-
                                                             ownership and develop-                   quire open space
                  .  What can be ac-                         ment of shoreline.
                     complished?                                                                   .  Develop specifications
                                                             Maintain "active"                        and bids as needed
                  .  What is the context?                    facilities - boat ramp, fish-
                                                             ing pier, bank fishing op-            .  Develop funding sources
                  -  What are physical con-                  portunities at Mattingly
                     straints?                               Park and Mattawoman                   .  Acquire necessary per-
                                                             Woods buffer.                            mits
                     What are natural or                     Provide channeled access
                     physical opportunities?                 to shoreline via deck and             *  Obtain public approvals
                                                             stairs to control bank and
                                                             shoreline erosion.                    .  Construct facilities
                                                             Provide "passive" oppor-              0  Provide long-term
                                                             tunities - nature trail and              management for con-
                                                             benches - at eastern end.                tinued park enjoyment
                                                                                                      and safety.
                                                          ï¿½  Provide access to
                                                             shoreline via boardwalk
                                                             to protect important criti-
                                                             cal habitats. Observation
                                                             platform over marsh
                                                             provides opportunity for
                                                             education and research.


                                                          ï¿½  Link park area to town
                                                             walkways while main-
                                                             taining loci of activity at
                                                             existing parks, Mattingly
                                                             Park and Woodland Hills.









                                                                                                                         Page iv






          Illustrations


          Figure



                   Study Area
                   Land Use and Park Acc ess


                   Site Analysis


                   Park Concept


                   Phase I Features


                   Trail Improvements


                   Wetland Boardwalk



                   Observation Tower


                   Fishing Deck Options


                   Planting Specifications


                   U. S. Army Corps of Engineers

                      Wetlands Permit Process



          Table




                   Suggested Plants



                   Water Access and Park Permits                                      Page v





                 Background

                 At its outlet to the Potomac River, Mattawoman Creek                                                                       one
                 drains approximately 71 square miles located primarily in
                 Charles and Prince George's County                        Its associated
                 wetlands and floodplain have been designated as an area of                                      1. Charles Coun          artment of
                 Critical State Concern in part because of their importance in                                          ning      Wuph
                                                                                                                        a@ement, Department of
                 the Potomac Basin as a prime spawning area for many                                                          ]En     runental
                 species of fish. Mattawoman Creek and its wetlands also                                              vision. 1      Strwn Valley
                                                                                                                   Managemerd and Protection
                 provide extensive habitat for wildlife and waterfowl.                                             Progrant, Fina@@rt,fqr Charles
                                                                                                                   County,MD.          lata, MD.
                 This valuable natural asset poses a challenge to the Town of                                      unpublished manuscript.
                 Indian Head. It is a unique opportunity to provide needed
                 public access to the creek and provide waterside recreation
                 facilities. In its Comprehensive Plan, the Town states that it
                 shall be the Town's objective to insure that there will be
                 increased and/or improved access to the Potomac River
                 shoreline and to Mattawoman Creek. The Town's Critical
                 Area Program identified the Mattawoman Creek shoreline
                                                                                              2
                 as a strong candidate for establishing a natural park                          .
                                                                                                                 2. Natural parks are areas of natural
                                                                                                                   habitat that provide opportunities
                 The Town already owns two parcels on the Mattawoman                                               for those recreational kZ-tivities that
                 Creek'shoreline which have been designated as park and                                            are compatible with the
                                                                                                                   maintenance of natural conditions.
                 open space. The Town desires to link these parcels together                                       The natural park concept was
                 with a natural walkway system that would enhance town                                             developed to create a public
                                                                                                                   awareness of the amenities and
                 residents" recreational opportunities, while maintaining or                                       fragile ecolog of the Chesapeake
                                                                                                                   Ba@. One of e County's most
                 improving the natural attributes of this area.                                                    unique natural areas with a strong
                                                                                                                   potential to be developed as a
                                                                                                                   natural park e)dsts adjacmt to the
                 The plan which follows presents a unifying concept for this                                       Town. This area along
                                                                                                                   Mattawoman Cxeek is designated
                 park. It is based on a phased approach which addresses                                            as a Natural Heritage Area as well
                 development of facilities or needed improvements first in                                         as an Upland Natui@tl Area.
                 the existing Town-owned parcels and later in areas which
                 are regulated by the Town's Critical Area Plan. This
                 summary of the plan is divided into three primary sections.
                 The Background includes a description of the site - its users
                 and its features, both administrative and natural. The
                 following section, Recommendations, summarizes the
                 features of the plan and its phasing. In Strategies, the final
                 section, various suggestions for permitting, construction and
                 other important steps, are             offered.
                                                                                                                   Plan
                                                                                                                   Man
                                                                                                                   Plannm
                                                                                                                   Di






































                                                                                                                                               Page 1






                                         The Park Area


                                         The Mattawoman Creek shoreline in the Town of Indian
                                         Head extends from the U. S. Naval Ordnance Station on the
                                         west to extensive natural tidal wetlands on the east.
                                         Mattingly Park at the base of Mattingly Avenue currently
                                         contains a small parking area, a fishing pier, picnic tables, a
                                         child play area, public restrooms, a gazebo and a large open
                                         lawn. - To the east of Mattingly Park is the Town-owned
                                         Critical Area Buffer zone of Mattawoman Woods, a Planned
                                         Unit Development comprising townhouses immediately to
                                         the north. Farther east are privatelym-owned lands which are
                                         undeveloped. These extend to undeveloped land owned by
                                         the Town south of Woodland Village. Woodland Village
                                         Park, to the north of this and also owned by the Town, has a
                                         tot lot, a basketball court, a baseball diamond and areas for
                                         parking and picnicking. Areas outside the Town or outside
                                         the TowWs Critical Area were not included in this plan.


         Map 1                                          STUDY AREA                               A.-
                                                               JLLJULJ



                                                         MATTOWOMAN
                                                             WOOD




























                                                                                               1'.600
                               Page 2                                                              Figure 1






               Users


               While there is no specific profile of park users for this study,
               some basic assumptions may be made. Shoreline areas
               generally provide both active and passive forms of
               water-oriented recreation. Active recreation includes
               swimmin& boating and other specific water activities.
               These often require very specific developed access points,
               such as boat ramps, swimming beaches, or access points
               which are at least close to parking -facilities. Passive
               recreation may include shore fishing, nature observation
               and picnicking. Many of these passive activities are often
               enhanced by the presence of the shoreline views or
               microclimate. Such users often require very generalized
               access; pedestrians may need more often to be channeled
               into certain access points in order to alleviate traffic and
               stress in more sensitive areas. Additionally, many "passive"
               users do not travel far to reach the shoreline, as many of
               these activities may also be enjoyed in other settings. Users
               of boat ramps and swimming beaches typically travel
               farther to find these limited facilities.


               At Mattingly Park, several types of users were typically                            3. According to the
               present at three visits during fl-ds study. These were all                            Water-1344)endentFacilities
                                                                                                     Program in the Indian Head
               "passive", with the principal activities being shore fishin&                          Critical Areas Plan, while the
               either from the existing pier or from the shoreline;                                  Town continue to seek
                                                                                                     op ortunities for'
               picnicking, notably at lunchtime during the week serving                                uElic access to bothpiT:ng
                                                                                                     Potomac River and
               Naval Ordnance Station employees; and, a combination of                               Mattawoman Creek it is the
               general pedestrian activities such as walking and                                     intent of the Town that any
                                                                                                        blic landings established in
               sunbathing. The adjacent private boat ramp provides boat                              @uoln would be limited
                                                                                                     access in function and not a
               access and parking. There are no other active access points                           tourist attraction for out of
               at this location, and the Town does not plan on adding any                            county and out of state users.
               at this time. This suggests that park users are and will
               continue to be local residents and employees traveling from
                                                                                 3
               within the town's precincts or the Ordnance Station .

               Similarly at Woodland Village Park, the users present
               during our visits were pedestrians who came to play
               basketball or play in the tot lot. Since it is unlikely that
               specific water access points are appropriate in this area,
               park users will most likely to continue to be local
               pedestrians who may search for pleasant walking
               experiences.
                                                                                                                            Page 3







                                                                Features
                                                                Zoning and Land Use

                                                                Within the Critical Area, lands bordering the Mattawoman
                                                                Creek in the Town of Indian Head comprise mainly low
                                                                density residential (R-1), a large Planned Unit Development
                                                                (PUD) encompassing existing townhouse development
               Map 2                                            bordering the Town-owned Buffer, and existing park area
                                                                zoned     *as open space (OS). Medium density (R-2) residential
                                                                areas abut the study area. Most of this area has at present
                                                                been developed in town-scale single family 'homes.

                   4. Thegaissar
                               A ge ofa        la d's
                                  ea L @az
                     Crit                      hn                                      J12
                     required the Town of Indian                                            -JLLJ
                     Head to adopt and
                     implement a Critical Area
                     Management Program to
                     protect the Chesapeake Bay,                                                                                          R-15
                     has changed shoriline                                  R -                               R-2
                     patterns of development.                                        MATTOWOMAN
                     The Critical Area was                                                WOODS
                     defined as "a strip of land
                     along the tidal shoreline                                       .0.01    -                         .  .  .
                     extendi 1,000 feet                                                              R-2
                             [m
                                                                                      PUD
                     landwarg from the water's
                     edge, or from the landward
                     boundary of any adjacent                                                          R-1
                                                                                                                           -      /-J
                                                                                                                           W
                     tidal wetlands". Three
                     goals were listed:
                           Nfinimize adverse impacts
                           on water quality that result
                           from pollutants that are
                           discharged from structures
                           or conveyances that have
                           runoff from surrounding
                           lands;

                        ï¿½  Conserve fish, wildlife,
                           and plant habitat and;
                        ï¿½  Establish land use policies
                           for development in the
                           Chesapeake Bay Critical
                           Area which accommodate
                           growth and also address                                                                                           V    6
                           the fact that, even if
                           pollution is controlled, the                                                                                                Figure 2
                           number, movement and                 The Town of Indian Head, in adopting and implementing its
                           activities of persons in that
                           are@ am create adverse               Critical Area Plan4 requires that any development in the
                           environmental impacts.               Critical Area Overlay Zone follow certain procedures and
                                                                guidelines. These include establishing a shoreline Buffer
                     Town of Indian Head                        zone5. In general, no new development activities are
                     Chesapeake Bay Critical Areas
                     Plan, adopted January 1989.                permitted in the Buffer, including structures, roads and
                                                                parking.
                                                                Mattingly Park contains the only area of Buffer in this area
                                               Page 4           which has been significantly disturbed. The Buffer linking






                 the two existing parks is relatively undisturbed and contains                                S. A primary Buffer has been
                 two major nontidal water bodies, important resources which                                      established within 100 feet
                 maintain the hydrologic and habitat value of adjacent tidal                                     landward of the Mean High
                                                                                                                 Water line of tidal water,
                 wetlands in Mattawoman Creek.                                                                   tributary streams and tidal
                                                                                                                 wetlands. In adjacent,
                                                                                                                 sensitive areas, such as steep
                 Water-dependent facilities           6 are an exception to development                          slopes, hydric sods or highl
                                                                                                                 erodible sods, the Buffer wil
                 in the Buffer. The Tow3Ys Critical Area Plan analyzed                                           be expanded to protect
                                                                                                                 streams, wetlanas and other
                 suitable locations for water-dependent facilities and found                                     aquatic environments from
                 that the shoreline along Mattawoman Creek may be suitable                                       ail man-made
                                                                                                                 disturbances  ..... The Buffer
                 although site specific restrictions may apply. The                                              shall be maintained in
                 unincorporated area to the east, comprising extensive tidal                                     natural vegetation, but
                                                                                                                 vegetation may be planted
                 wetlands, is unsuitable.                                                                        where necessary for the
                                                                                                                 protection, stabilization or
                                                                                                                 mhancement of the
                 The Town of Indian Head Zoning Ordinance mandates the                                           shoreline.
                 dedication or reservation of recreation areas in the form of                                    Town of Indian Head
                 neighborhood parks (Article XIII, Section 1300). The area to                                    Chesapiake Bay Critical Areas
                 be set aside varies, depending on the scale of the                                              Plan, adopted January 1989.
                 development, the number of bedrooms in                      the proposed
                 dwelling units and the payment of impact fees or other
                 combination. The purpose of these neighborhood parks is                                     6. Water-dependent facilities are
                                                                                                                "those structures or works
                 to provide adequate recreational facilities to serve the                                       associated with industrial,
                 residents of the immediately surrounding neighborhood.                                         maritime, recreational,
                                                                                                                educational, or fisheries activities
                                                                                                                that require location at or near
                                                                                                                the shoMine within the Buffer".
                 In addition, common open spaces designed for the use and                                       These may include but not be
                 enjoyme     Int of all residents of a development, may not only                                limited to: marinas, public
                                                                                                                beaches and other public
                 serve recreational purposes, but also preserve significant site                                water-oriented recreation or
                                                                                                                education areas, communi
                 features and preserve open space. Common open space                                            piers and non-commercialwoat
                 which contains natural features worthy of protection may be                                    storage and docks.
                 left unimproved.

                 Roads and Other Entrances                                                                      Town of Indian Head
                                                                                                                Chesapwk B Critical Areas
                                                                                                                Plan, ado;2january 1989.
                 Mattingly Avenue with parking at Mattingly Park on the
                 west, and Woodland Village, with parking at Woodland
                 Village Park on the east a         *re the current entrance points to
                 the area. In addition, pedestrians may enter the shoreline
                 area at the east end of the parking area of the townhouses at
                 Mattawoman Woods (Mattawoman Court). Between this
                 point and Mattingly Park, there is an established trail used
                 for bank fishing as well as walking. There is also an                         '-
                 established trail through the woodlands in the parcel east of
                 this, and west of Harrisons's Cut which may be entered at
                 the cul-de-sac of Susan Drive. To the west, pedestrians who
                 enter Kenrick Court from Thompson Lane may breach the
                 stormwater management pond area to arrive at the north                                                                  Page 5
                 end of the parcel adjacent to Woodland Village park which







                                   is owned by the Town. The condition of this area, as
                                   discussed in Recommendations, is however not suitable at
                                   present for pedestrian use.


                                   Natural Features


                                   Wetlands and Waterways

                                   The park area from Mattingly Park east to Town-owned
                                   land south of Woodland Village contains a variety of upland
                                   and wetland habitats. The shoreline is cut by three streams,
                                   one of which is locally known as Harrisons's Cut. This is
       7. =nition of the Town of   mapped as a tributary stream 7 and requires a minimum 100
             Head Critical Area Plan foot Buffer in the Critical Area. The outlet of Harrisons's
                                   Cut is a small tidal marsh inlet mapped as seasonally tidal,
                                   Palustrine, Emergent8. Upstream is a mapped, temporarily
       8. U.S. De artment of the Interior, flooded, Palustrine, forested wetland at the head of which is
            L'
         Fish ang Wildlife Service, the Town's sewage treatment plant. The wooded slopes
         National Wetlands Inventory
         maps (1982).              adjacent to this wetland complex are steep and moderately
                                   eroded. This area is currently undeveloped and in private
                                   ownership.

                                   Barely 200 feetwest of Harrisons's Cut is a -small
                                   intermittent, unmapped stream which during seasonally dry
                                   periods may be crossed on foot.

                                   East of Harrisons's Cut, located on the Town-owned
                                   undeveloped parcel south of Woodland Village Park, is an
                                   unmapped, temporarily flooded, Palustrine, forested
                                   wetland stream which has been delineated and surveyed for
                                   this plan. While this too may be crossed on foot during
                                   drier seasons, soils in this area are saturated and the area is
                                   subject to frequent flooding.


                                   Much of the shoreline east of Harrisons"s Cut contains tidal
         9. U. S. Department of    marsh, this marsh widens as the creek channel extends
          Agricultum Soil          southeast and the fastland curves to the north.
          Conservation Service. 1974,
          Soil Survey of Charles Coun@
          Maryland. Washington, D.C. Soils

                                   The shoreline area from Mattingly Park east to Harrisons's
                          Page 6   Cut was mapped by the Charles County Soil Survey9 as








            Aura gravelly sandy loam on 10 to 15 percent slopes. This
            soil map unit has moderate limitations for recreational
            facilities such as paths, trails and picnic areas, mainly due to
            coarse gravel on the soil surface.


            To the east lies Harrisons's Cut, with a tidal marsh inlet at
            the outflow of the creek. Tidal marsh soils are unsuitable for
            development.

            East of Harrisons's Cut is an area of Galestown loamy sand
            which also has moderate limitations to recreational facilities
            due to its sandy surface.

            The undeveloped land owned by the Town south of
            Woodland Village has two types of soils: Mattapex, which
            has a moderately high seasonal water table and slowly
            permeable soils, and a nontidal wetland/strearn with Bibb
            soils, which are considered hydric and unsuitable for
            development under the Town's Critical Area Program.
            Beyond this stream outlet is an extensive tidal marsh. The
            Mattapex soils are also slightly to moderately limiting for
            recreational uses.


            Slopes and Shore Erosion

            The shoreline-Buffer between Mattingly Park and
            Harrisons's Cut contains steep slopes which exceed 15
            percent in specific areas. The shoreline in this section is
            eroded and susceptible to further degradation due to
            pedestrian use and bank fishing. A narrow natural beach is
            evident at low water in some areas below steep bluffs.
            Erosive forces along the Mattingly Park shoreline have been
            somewhat curt-ailed by gabions, although there is a section
            near the fishing pier which is subject to overwash flooding.

            East of Harrison's Cut, the south facing shoreline is less
            steep with slopes generally up to 5 percent.


            Protecting Habitats


            The Indian Head Critical Areas Plan, and the Maryland
            Critical Area Criteria mandate that Habitat Protection Areas                              Page 7







                                    be established in order to protect and conserve fish, plant
                                    and wildlife habitats and protect the quality of water
                                    resources.



                                    The establishment of Habitat Protection Areas is not
                                    intended to restrict or affect, beyond existing local, State or
                                    federal laws and regulations or private restrictions of
                                    private land, activities such as non-commercial, passive
                                    recreation (for example, hiking and nature photography),
                                    educational pursuits, scientific observation, hunting,
                                    trapping or fishing. (CONL4,R 14.15.10.0l.N).

                                    The explicit goal of establishing such areas is to n-dnimize
                                    adverse impacts to natural habitats of the shoreline and
                                    adjacent hmds.


                                    Recommendations for Critical
                                    Area Habitats


                                    Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV):
                                    Submerged aquatic vegetation or rooted-aquatic vegetation
                                    is an important food source for aquatic animals and
                                    waterfowl. These plants are seed-bearing species which are
                                    rooted on the bottom, and whose leaves are usually at or
                                    below the water surface. They are found in waters which
                                    are shallow, generally less than 6 feet deep, enough to allow
                                    sufficient light for growth, and because of this habitat, are
                                    susceptible to disturbance by dredging or sedimentation.

                                    Stands of wild celery Walisneria americana) were located in
                                    Mattawoman. Creek and surveyed in the fall of 1986 by the
                                    U. S. Geological Survey as part of a Potomac River sampling
                                    program (Orth et al 1986).




                                    Recommendation:

                                    SAV should be surveyed to examine potential impacts from
                           Page 8   fishing piers or observation platforms in shallow waters







            Large Forested Areas (which are habitat for Forest interior
            Dwelling Birds (FIDBs) and other wildlife)

            Riparian Forests are relatively mature forests that occur near
            streams, wetlands, floodplains and shorelines, such as those
            along Mattawoman Creek east of Mattingly Park, including
            Harrisons's Cut and the nontidal wetland identified in the
            town-owned parcel. Other than providing valuable
            transitional habitat for many plants and animals, these
            forests have been identified by the Indian Head Critical
            Area Plan as important for protecting forest interior
            dwelling bi rd species (FIDBs) from human disturbances.


            Recommendations:


            Minimize disturbances during the breeding season, which
            occurs between May and August.

            Avoid forest fragmentation and isolation in design. Allow
            corridors at least 300 feet wide to remain in mature forest
            with closed canopy, or afforest for this purpose.

            Retain the typical layering patterns of a mature forest. this
            typically consists of a canopy, a subcanopy of smaller trees
            and one or two shrub layers. composed of shrub and young
            tree saplings.

            Retain standing dead trees and fallen trees as they are
            important food sources and shelter for many protected bird
            pecies as well as other animals important in the forest food
            chain.
            s


            Design for park uses which are most compatible with these
            habitats.


            Anadromous Fish Spawning Streams

            These streams are important habitats of fish which live most
            of their life cycle in the Bay but migrate to freshwater to
            spawn. Many of these species, such as shad, river herring,
            white and yellow perch and striped bass, have commercial
            or recreational value. Mattawoman Creek is mapped by the
            Indian Head Critical Area Plan as such a spawning stream.

                                                                                                   Page 9









                                                              Recommendations:


                                                              Avoid disturbance of the buffer or in streams during the
                                                              spawning period of March I to June 15.

                                                              Retain forest canopy over streams to provide cooling effect-,
                                                              ofshade.


                  Values of Wetlands                          Avoid dams or other interferences with upstream
                  Wetlands are valuable for the               movement by fish.
                  mag, physical, hydrological
                  and iological functions
                  which they provide:                         Nontidal Wetlands

                 Physical                                     Three areas of nontidal wetlands were identified during this
                      Wetland vegetation and                  survey by e)dsting mapped sources and by field survey. The
                      shallow waters absorb coastal
                      wave energy and reduce                  National Wetlands Inventory, using black and white aerial
                      shore erosion.                          photography dating from 197 identified Harrisons's Cut as
                      Wetlands slow water                     Palustrine, emergent, seasonally tidal, in its lower portions
                      velocities and reduce
                      sediment loads.                         and Palustrine, forested, broad-leaved deciduous,
                      Wetland plants and bottom               temporarily flooded in its upper reaches. This is the outfall
                      sediments are sinks or
                      transformers of excess                  area for the Town's sewage treatment plant.
                      nutrients, such as nitrates or
                      phosphates. Some wetland
                      plants have been used for               In addition, a mapped hydric soil area was identified from
                      tertiary treatment of
                      wastewater.                             the Charles County Soil Survey. This area also contains an
                      Wetlands may trap heavy                 intermittent stream which outfalls to tidal marsh and the
                      metals, herbicides and                  Natural Area identified by the Department of Natural
                      pesticides                              Resources envirorlmental review. This wetland, which was
                      Wetlands plants reoxygenate
                      water, lowering biological              field delineated and surveyed, is identified as Palustrine,
                      oxygen demand.                          forested, broad-leaved deciduous, seasonally saturated,
                                                              where it crosses the Town property.

                 Hydrological
                      Wetlands ad as floodways                Lastly, there is a small intermittent stream near the eastern
                      when associated with rivers             border of Mattawoman Woods. At its confluence with the
                      and adjacent floGdplains,               tidal marsh of Mattawoman Creek, it is Palustrine, forested,
                      which convey water
                      downstream.                             broad-leaved deciduous, temporarily flooded.
                      Wetlands store water during
                      floods and release volumes
                      slowly, reducing drastic                Recommendations:
                      flood surges.
                      Wetlands, while most often
                      water discharge areas, also             Since these wetlands are under different ownership, several
                      may act as water recharge
                      areas.                                  different modes of protection and management should be
                                                              considered.


                                                              For wetlands occurring in the Town@s park and open space
                                            PagelO            lands and under fee simple Town management. These








                  natural areas should be viewed as opportunities for passive
                  recreation and education as well as protecting water quality                                          Biological
                  and valued habitat in the Critical Area. A simple pedestrian                                                . Wetland plants and
                                                                                                                                invertebrates serve as the basis
                  crossing such as a boardwalk/footpath would channel                                                           of ahighly productive food
                  disturbance activities to suitable areas and provide access to                                                chain.
                  u land areas beyond. In addition, by crossing this wetland                                                  - Wetlandsarenurseryand
                    p                                                                                                           spawning areas for many
                  in its middle reaches on the Town's property, disturbance of                                                  spedes of finfish and shellfish.
                                                                                                                                From 60 to 90 percent of
                  the sensitive natural area of the lower eastern marsh would                                                   commercially caught fish
                  be avoided, while providing public access to the shoreline of                                                 depend on coastal wetlands for
                  Mattawoman Creek.                                                                                             food or spawning.
                                                                                                                              * Wetlands are also an importnat
                                                                                                                                habitat for many waterfowl and
                                                                                                                                wildlife species, serving as
                  For wetlands occurring outside the Town's current park and                                                    protective areas for feeding,
                  open space but within the Town's shoreline on the                                                             resting, and breeding.
                  Mattawoman Creek: The Town of Indian Head Critical                                                          * Wetlands are habitat for many
                                                                                                                                rare and endangered species.
                  Area Program requires that a Buffer be established within                                                     Almost 35 percent of protected
                  100 feet landward of Mean High Water of tidal waters,                                                         animal species are found in
                                                                                                                                wetlands, although wetlands
                  tributary streams and tidal wetlands. TI-ds is an area which                                                  cover only about 5 percent of
                  is managed to protect shorelines, wetlands and aquatic and                                                    the nation's land area.
                  terrestrial environments from man-made disturbances. This
                  Buffer will be expanded to include sensitive areas such as                                               Cultural
                  steep slopes, hydric soils and erodible soils to protect                                                    - Wetlands often contain important
                  streams, wetlands and other aquatic environments.                                                             historical and archeological sites
                                                                                                                                since they were early sources of
                  For any development proposal, the Buffer should be                                                            food.
                                                                                                                              - Wetlands serve important
                  expanded to include the tidal and nontidal wetlands                                                           recreational and commerdal
                  associated with Harrisons's Cut, as well as the mapped                                                        values in hiLmting, trapping and
                                                                                                                                fishing.
                  tributary stream and steep slopes.                                                                          a Wetlands which are forested may
                                                                                                                                be managed for valuable timber
                  Tlueatened and Endangered Species Habitat                                                                     production.
                                                                                                                              * Wetlands are open space
                                                                                                                                amenities, providing borrowed
                                                                                                                                landscape for bud and wildlife
                  The tidal marsh east of Harrisons's Cut is adjacent to and                                                    observation.
                  includes a portion of a State Listed Species Site for the State
                  Threatened American Lotus (Nelumbo lutea) whicli is an                                                   adapted from: Protecting
                  emergent floating leaved water plant, according to the                                                   Awrica's Wetlanils: An Action
                  Maryland Natural Heritage Program (Appendix 1).                                                          Agenda. Final Report, National
                                                                                                                           Wetlands Policy Forum. 1988.
                                                                                                                           The Conservation Foundation,
                  Recommendation: Minimize disturbances to the fullest                                                     Washington, D. C.
                  extent possible on slopes adjoining this tidal marsh and
                  within the minimum 100 foot Buffer.


                  Waterfowl Staging and Concentration Areas (Appendix 2)

                  The tidal marshes to the east may be wintering areas and
                  breeding areas for dabbling ducks such as black duck and
                  mallard.                                                                                                                            Page 11









                                      Reconunendation:


                                      Construct water-dependent facilities, such as boat ramps
                                      and fishing piers on the westem portion of the area.











































                           Pag e 12






            Recommendations
            Summary of Important                                                                     two
            Features: Constraints and
            Opportunities


            Mattingly Park
                                                                                  Figure 3
            The existing fishing pier, the existing privately owned     and
            operated boat ramp and patterns of existing use suggest that
            fishing is an important activity at this end of the park area
            and access should be improved for this purpose. Long-term
            management of the open space lawn will be necessary to
            maintain the visual quality of this park while sustaining
            heavy pedestrian traffic. Access to the trail to the east is. not
            well defined. The bank at the east side of the fishing pier is
            s
             ubject to heavy pedestrian traffic.


            Mattawoman Woods Buffer


            There is anexisting beach used for fishing beyond a bamboo
            dump in the IV.Iattawoman Woods Buffer. Beyond this to
            the east are additional locations which are used for bank
            fishing, but continued use and traffic will exacerbate shore
            erosion and bank degradation, possibly resulting in fallen
            trees. The existing trail, is suitable for use in this area if
            portions of it can be upgraded where the bank slopes
            steeply. Measures to protect tree roots from soil erosion due
            to pedestrian traffic should also be taken.

            Privately Owned lands

            There is an existing beach and eroding spit used for fishing
            and beaching boats dose to the western property edge. This
            bank is an excellent location for a sundeck with controlled
            access to the beach below for fishing, sunning and other
            "passive" activities. No tree removal should be required for
            an approximately 20 foot x 20 foot structure.

                                                                                                       Page 13







                                        The area of Harrison's Cut, with its sloped banks and
                                        wetland/upland habitat diversity offers interior views and
                                        an excellent opportunity for nature study and walking.
                                        There are existing trails on the west parcel which link to
                                        residential areas of the Town. The forest on the west parcel
                                        is generally mature oak-hickory with an understory of
                                        mountain laurel. Two ways of crossing the wetland area are
                                        possible: 1) across tidal wetlands, approximately 250 to 300
                                        feet to allow maximum viewing possibility of Mattawoman
                                        Creek and tidal wetlands; and 2) upstream between sloped
                                        banks approximately 50 to 100 feet in forested nontidal
                                        wetland. Both crossings require a structure such as a
                                        boardwalk to protect underlying vegetation and substrate.
                                        These should be oriented to minimize slope degradation
                                        and tree removal. The steep slopes adjacent to the stream
                                        and floodplain contain large diameter trees, one of which, a
                                        beech, is locally known and is a natural locus of the existing
                                        trails.


                                        East of Harrison's Cut, there is a young successional forest
                                        dominated by tulip poplar, loblolly and Virginia pines and
                                        sweetgurn. Some areas of the understory are infested with
                                        Japanese honeysuckle vines. Soils are in general less
                                        well-drained in the eastern half of the park area, andthe
                                        topography is flat to gently sloping. There is an existing
                                        fishing pier at the shoreline in the eastern privately-owned
                                        parcel. Shrub-scrub tidal wetlands hug the shoreline,
                                        limiting views to the creek, except where there is a short
                                        slope.

                                        Town-owned parcel south of Woodland Village

                                        This parcel contains an excellent vantage point for the vast
                                        tidal wetlands to the east and south. This is located
                                        approximately 100 feet east of the property line and has
                                        been located with topography for this study. The shoreline
                                        offers the best opportunity for views and walking southwest
                                        of the wetland area.


                                        Much of this parcel is nontidal wetland and bottomland. A
                                        stream 'with its floodplain wetland splits the parcel into two
                                        halves, the smaller of which is accessible to existing park
                                        facilities at Woodland Village.


                            Page 14







           There are two potential crossings of the wetland, both of
           which require structures to protect underlying vegetation
           and substrate. The south crossing is approximately 100 feet
           long between the delineated wetland/upland boundaries.
           This offers the best opportunity for observation of habitat
           diversity. There is a clump of tulip poplars on the eastern
           bank which is a good rest/seat location. The wetland may
           also be crossed. upstream of this crossing point to a limit of
           200 feet farther, where it is about 75 feet wide. Beyond this,
           the habitat diversity and visual value diminish greatly,
           mainly due to Japanese honeysuckle when observed in early
           spring. Also upstream of this point, the wetland has been
           utilized for stormwater release and may be subjected to high
           flooding.

           The lower slopes east of the wetland are dominated by
           young tulip poplar, with upper slopes dominated by
           Virginia pine. There are at least two areas identified during
           our visits which are unsuitable for pedestrian use because of
           long-term dumping. These areas may be a safety hazard.
           Two potential trail routes from Woodland Village Park to
           these wetland crossings and the potential observation point
           were identified, flagged and surveyed during fl-ds study.


           Phasing of Park Development
           The existing pattern of ownership and management of the           Figure 4
           shoreline strongly suggests phasing of park development.
           A total plan might be accomplished in stages with the
           availability of funding and with changes in land ownership
           or development.

           Phase I Mattingly Park and Mattawoman Woods


           This area was chosen as Phase I because of the current need
           to correct bank degradation and enhance fishing access in
           this area already dedicated to the Town.

           Three alternatives focused on four specific areas for
           improvements were discussed for this plan. These four
           areas are:                                                                           Page 15





         Figure 5                      A. The existing fishing beach/bank which we had identified
                                          earlier as an ideal spot for an on-shore deck because of
                                          the bank contours, the natural opening in the woods, its
                                          location at the end farthest from the existing pier, and
                                          existing use patterns. Unfortunately, the major
                                          drawback is that, according to the site plan of
                                          Mattawoman Woods, this area appears to be on the
                                          Hungerford property. We continue to recommend this
                                          location if the Town can negotiate it. This has the
                                          potential to be the largest and most flexible type of deck
                                          or pier structure, either on land or water, which would
                                          serve handicapped people.

                                       B. The possibility of a second alternative deck location is
                                          limited due to steep banks along the shoreline and the
                                          need for handicapped access. A possible location of a
                                          second alternative is just to the east of the bamboo stand,
                                          where a small cleared area indicates that the area is
                                          being used by fishermen. Although the access area is
                                          small, a pier could be built from this point extending
                                          parallel to the bank under shade trees. This location
                                          poses potential permit hurdles because of nearshore
                                          shallow water habitat disturbance, and will certainly
                                          require an Army Corps of Engineers permit.

                                       C. Another alternative pier location is farther east along the
                                          shoreline. This requires however a grade change with
                                          steps and would probably not be handicapped
                                          accessible. We recommend that steps be installed to the
                                          beach to help control access which may be aggravating
                                          bank erosion. Some shore stabilization may be necessary
                                          as well.


                                       D. The open space of Mattingly Park near the existing
                                          fishing pier may benefit from some landscape
                                          improvements in order to ease wear and tear on grass
                                          cover, lower maintenance costs, add some bank shade
                                          and conceptually tie the nature trail into the park.
                                          Co-ordinated signs for the park and nature trail would
                                          be another option here.

                                       The optimum approach for Phase I construction would be:



                           Page 16








                   1.  Upgrade and stabilize the existing trail route,
                       avoiding to the extent possible surface roots of
                       large trees, especially the large sweetgum and
                       large beech. This will require minimal grading
                       and either installation of side curbs to hold     Figure 6
                       mulch or cutting on the uphill side. There is
                       about 40 feet of the trail which may require a
                       higher, about 18 to 24 inch, retaining wall. We
                       recommend a wooden bulkhead structure tied
                       into steps at C.























                                                     Figure 6



                   2. Control access to the shoreline by keeping
                      existing patterns but providing hard surfaces
                      such as steps to beach to prevent further bank
                      degradation at B and C. In addition, a fishing
                      pier/landing could be constructed at location
                      B where the heaviest use now occurs and
                      where it would be shaded by existing trees.
                      Control erosion if necessary with gabions or
                      wooden bulkhead. Investigate tree removal if
                      leaning oak tree endangers shoreline trail.                           Page 17








                                            3. Add signs at Mattingly Park as needed.

                                            4. Landscape improvements to Mattingly Park to tie
                                                into nature walk, such as visual opening, selected
                                                shrub plantings. Other landscaping as needed in
                                                part to address long-term maintenance.

                                      Phase 11 Woodland Village Nature Park Expansion

                                      Development in this area should focus on "passive"
                                      activities that not only utilize but enhance the natural setting
                                      and habitats. Two major structures and trail improvements
                                      are suggested for this phase on Town-owned land.

                                      A. The best opportunity for an observation locus for the
                                         shoreline and Mattawoman Creek is located at the
                                         southwestern comer of this site. A boardwalk built into
                                         the tidal marsh could serve important education and
                                         research objectives fostered by the Town@s Critical Areas
                                         Plan and by the Chesapeake Bay Critical Areas Act.
                                         Such a structure will require review by commenting and
                                         permitting agencies as summarized in the next chapter.

                                      B. A trail leading to this boardwalk as the terminus for
                                         Phase II construction could be established along
                                         suggested routes to minimize traffic in more sensitive
                                         areas such as shoreline wetlands and the slope on the
                                         west side. Trail improvements would be minimal,
                                         although direction should be well-established by
                                         marking trees or low level signage, and tree roots
                                         protected as needed by regular mulching.

                                      C. A boardwalk crossing should be constructed over the
                                         wetland to protect water quality and habitat if a trail is to
                                         be us' ed. This boardwalk should be constructed at the
        Figure 7                         southern location to utilize the natural rest area under a
                                         clump of trees and to view maximum diversity.
                                         Pedestrian traffic on upland trails should be strongly
                                         channeled to such a structure in order to alleviate
                                         widespread disturbance of the wetland.





                           Page 18









                                                                                                                                   A Natural Park should be a place
                                                                                                                                   with significant, well managed
                                                                                                                                   natural features that provide an
                                                                                                                                   unforgettable experience.
                                                                                                                                   Recommended management
                                                                                                                                   approaches which outline ways of
                                                                                                                                   creating opporhmities for
                                                                                                                                   educational vmtor activities,
                                                                                                                                   without destroying fragile
                                                                                                                                   components are:
                                                                                                                                     Define visitation capacity limits
                                                                                                                                     for each park, develop measures
                                                                                                                                     so that the capacity limit is not
                                                                                                                                     exceeded. Measures that can be
                                                                                                                                     used so that capacity limits are
                                                                                                                                     not exceeded include.-

                                                                                                                                           user fees;

                                                                                                                                           limits on the number, size,
                                                                                                                                           or visibility of access routes
                                                                                                                                           into the park,
                                                                                                                                           limiting the size of parking
                                                                                                                                           areas;
                                                                                                                                           and corttrol of publicity

                                                                                                                                   All of these measures could be
                                                                                                                                   used in conjunction with a
                                                                                                                                   monitoring of park conditions so
                                                                                                                                   that park-specific visitor lindts can
                                                                                                                                   be established by practical
                                                                                                                                   experience.


                                                                                             Figure 7                                Lin-tits on attendance and/or
                                                                                                                                     activities such as hiking,
                                                                                                                                     camping and bo.ating when
                                                                                                                                     resources or wildlife are
                                                                                                                                     susceptible to public disturbance
                                                                                                                                     (nest seasons) or dose park
                                                                                                                                     entirely during the breeding
                                                                                                                                     season (dosing entirely needs
                                                                                                                                     enforcement)
                   D.         Clean up trash, particularly where it poses a safety                                                   Limits on park use during times
                              hazard to adjoining development or threatens water                                                     when ground cover is sensitive,
                                                                                                                                     i.e., times after a heavy rain,
                              quality downstream.                                                                                    flood or at beginning of spring
                                                                                                                                     when vegetation is just
                                                                                                                                     recovering from winter
                   E.         Investigate control of Japanese honeysuckle vines                                                      dormancy.
                              and replanting measures where needed.                                                                  Limit structures that may be
                                                                                                                                     built within a natural park to
                                                                                                                                     lessen the impact to sensitive
                                                                                                                                     resources. Structure could be
                   Phase III                                                                                                         limited to: trails, observation
                                                                                                                                     blinds, catwalks, rain shelters,
                                                                                                                                     rest stops, instructional
                                                                                                                                     pavilions, maintenance offices
                   This would be better divided into two sub-phases as                                                               and maintenance equipment
                   opportunities develop on the two privately owned parcels.                                                         storage sheds. These should be
                                                                                                                                     sited to minimize habitat
                   Development of both of these parcels will be regulated by                                                         disturbance, preferably off-site.
                   the Town!s Critical Areas Plan and will include such.                                                           Tom of Indon Hea Cntwal Arm
                   features as expanding the minimum Buffer around                                                                 A=, a&pted lanwy 1989
                   Harrison's Cut-, thus providing the Town with an
                   opportunity for dedicated parkland.
                                                                                                                                                                Page 19







                                     A. West Parcel (Hungerford parcel 162)

                                     This parcel may be linked with the Mattawoman Woods
                                     Buffer at location A in Phase I above, with possible
                                     construction of a deck or fishing pier. Existing trails in the
                                     woodland may be utilized for pedestrian access from
                                     neighboring residential areas, especially the end of
                                     Mattawoman Court and Susan Drive. The slope above
                                     Harrison!s Cut offers numerous locations for rest and
                                     contemplation, by providing benches or even towers. Such
       Figure 8                      a tower could be built at the west end of a future boardwalk
                                     across the tidal marsh.




























                                                                                      Figure 8


                                     B. East Parcel (Fannie E. Brown parcel 182)

                                     The shoreline of this parcel is the most isolated of all
                                     because itis located between two wetlands which require
                                     structural crossing improvements. The location of the
                                     existing fishing pier, although closer to sensitive tidal
                                     wetlands, is an alternative spot to location A, Phase I for
                          Page 20    additional Town fishing piers or boat landings. There is a







            cleared, unimproved road through the forest to this pier
            which is a possible access that would minimize clearing and
            disturbance in the Buffer.


            Access for People with
            Disabilities


            There are many barriers to participation in recreational
            programs and facilities faced by disabled people. While
            physical barriers come most often to mind, there are social
            or attitude barriers which can be alleviated by educating
            park staff about the special needs and abilities of disabled
            people and making adjustments when necessary. Because
            this is a plan for physical park improvements, only physical
            barriers will be discussed here 'in more detail.


            For localities and agencies which receive federal funding,
            federal legislation mandates access to recreational facilities
            and programs. The Architectural Barriers Act, passed in
            1968, fostered the eventual development of the Uniform
            Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS), adopted in 1984.
            These are the guidelines for construction and renovation
            with which federal agencies or agencies which receive
            federal funds should comply. Adhering to these standards
            helps most people with physical disabilities negotiate what
            might formerly have been barriers to participation, but these
            standards still do not guarantee access. The providers of
            recreation programs and facilities should be aware of some
            shortcomings:


                          UFAS standards outline the minimum
                          specifications. When warranted, exceeding
                          these may improve access, such as lowering
                          the grade of slope on a ramp.

                          These standards apply to federal funding of
                          projects. Projects with o 'ther funding should
                          maintain these standards.



                                                                                                    Page 21







                                                   UFAS standards do not necessarily apply to many
                                                   commonly offered recreational facilities such as
                                                   trails and playgrounds.

                                        Furthermore, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973,
                                        amended 1978, states:


                                               No otherwise qualified handicapped
                                               individual in the United States ... shall solely
                                               by reason of his handicap, be excluded
                                               from the participation in, be denied the
                                               benefits of, or subjected to discrimination
                                               under any program or activity receiving
                                               federal financial assistance.


                                        Physical Limitations

                                        For people who have difficulty walking, these might include
                                        steps or steep slopes, uneven surfaces, raised or uneven
                                        expansion joints, slippery surfaces, walks with debris and
                                        areas that collect standing water, sand or ice. Not only for
                                        wheelchairs but for some walkers, curbs can be a barrier.


                                        Visual Limitations


                                        To people who are disabled visually, some environmental
                                        elements of concern may be obstacles in path of movement,
                                        going up and down steps, reading signs or printed materials
                                        and obtaining or determining directions from visual cues.

                                        Specific Recommendations for Disabled Access to Nature
                                        Park Facilities


                                                   Assure that bank fishing activities may be
                                                   accessible by providing at least one constructed
                                                   pier accessed by ramps (where existing bank
                                                   slopes allow construction) and by meeting or
                                                   exceeding minimum UFAS standards and
                                                   specifications for building ramps and walkways.
                                                   This may apply as well to nature observation and
                                                   boardwalk facilities close to Mattingly Park and
                                                   Woodland Village Park where automobile
                             Page 22               parking can be utilized.







                         Signs should use where possible graphic
                         and/or tactile symbols to facilitate use of the
                         park by visually impaired, or those with
                         learning disabilities.

                         Provide long-term maintenance which assures
                         that safety hazards and obstacles will be
                         removed as necessary.







































                                                                                              Page 23





           Implementation

           In this section is a discussion of elements in the process of               three
           expanding these recommendations into specific plans and
           installing them. in the ground. It includes some items which
           will help to facilitate this process.


           Acquiring Open Space


           Through its Zoning Ordinance and its Critical Areas Plan
           and Ordinance, the Town of Indian Head already has some
           strong tools for acquiring additional dedicated open space
           along the Mattawoman Creek shoreline. This will be
           important to the eventual linkage of the two Town parks at
           either end. As already noted, the Critical Area Buffer
           should be expanded to include sensitive areas such as the
           tributary stream of Harrison's Cut. Development which is
           not water-dependent is prohibited in the Buffer. Site plan
           approvals of proposed development in private lands on the
           shoreline should requir'e dedication of the Buffer as Town
           park, or at least public access rights to the shoreline for
           pedestrians.


           Developing Recreation
           Facilities


           Many Town residents already enjoy access to the shoreline
           from Mattingly Park east through the Mattawoman Woods
           Buffer, and from Woodland Village south. However, to
           protect sensitive habitats, this access should be channeled
           through appropriate constructed facilities such as trail
           improvements, bulkhead, boardwalks and.stairs, and
           fishing piers. Not only will this retard processes which may
           result in degradation of habitats and water quality, but it
           will also enhance Town residents! enjoyment of this natural
           asset. Access may be improved for those currently unable                         Page24







                                                    for physical reasons to enjoy the parks. Specific educational
                                                    objectives fostered by the Town@s Critical Areas Plan and the
                                                    Chesapeake Bay Critical Area Commission may also be
                                                    served, thus informing all area residents of the importance
                                                    of protecting this resource.

                                                    To develop such facilities, specifications and bid documents
                                                    should be prepared. This can be done in conjunction with
                                                    acquiring funding, or after funding has been secured. A
                                                    cost estimate with design drawings may often be sufficient
                                                    to secure funding to produce more detailed drawings and
                                                    specifications.

                                                    Selected suggested plans and cost estimates for certain
                                                    constructed facilities were included in this study. A later,
                                                    additional, product of this study was specifications for
                                                    Phase I improvements, which are included in Appendix 3.
                                                    This also contains recommendations for clearing in the
                                                    Buffer from The Maryland Depart               ment of Natural
                                                    Resources.


                                                    COST ESTIMATES


                                                    SELECT PHASE I


                                                    SITE IMPROVEMENTS



                                                                  FISHING DECK/OVERLOOK- WEST END OF TRAIL
           Figure 9A                                          Site Mobilization/
                                                              Prepare work
                                                              staging area
                                                                                                                     $ 500.00
                                                              Stakeout of Deck
                                                              in Field
                                                                                                                         750.00
                                                              Deck
                                                              Construction
                                                              600 s.f.
                                                                                                                       9,000.00
                                                              Access
                                                              steps/grade
                                                              stabilization
                                                                                                                       1,500.00
                                                              Site Clean-up                                             750.00
                                                                                               Subtotal             $12,500.00
                                                              10% Contingency                                          1,250.00

                                     Page 25                                                   Total                $13,750.00









                       WETLAND BOARDWALK CROSSING, EAST END OF TRAIL                                   Figure 9B
                       SiteMobili-
                       zation/Prepare work
                       staging area
                                                                                     $ 1,5W.00
                       Stakeout of Boardwalk in
                       Field
                                                                                      2,SW.00
                       Clearing/Site
                       Preparation
                                                                                      1,000.00
                       Deck Construction 130'ï¿½
                       length

                            Auger/jet posts in      I
                            place 36 posts 0
                            $75.00 ea.                   $2700.00
                            Deck Construction
                            $15 s.f.1$90 U.
                                                         $11700.00
                            Hand mil $10 Lf.
                                                         $2600.00
                            Anchoratends                 $1000.00                     18,000.06
                       Site Repair                                                    1,200.00
                                                         Subtotal                    $24,200.00
                       10% Contingency                                                2,420.00
                                                         TOTAL                       $26,620.00








                                                                                                       Table I




              Suggested Plants for a Nature Park                                                       Fi-ure 10

              Tl-ds plan included recommendations as wen for additional
              landscaping and plantings for Mattingly Park and the
              shoreline buffer. A list of recommended species of trees,
              small trees and shrubs has been included with general
              specifications for planting and staking. The tolerance of
              these plants to floodin& salt and drought has also been
              included; choosing appropriate plants for conditions at the
              park will ensure long-term survivability and continued park
              enjoyment by residents. These choices are also important to
              a long"terrn management program.


                                                                                                                                  Page 26


















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                                                                                                                       MM COMPACr

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                                                                         W MW aft CINTPAII.
                                                                         LEAMK.                                                        Mit"a W Lao


                                                                         PW&4,DW.W MOM t"MMA
                                                                           69M WM                                      111" W"
                                                                                     TWMW
                                                                         AnA4M 0 FAV 111114"                                        V.
                                                                         an OS UP TWL.                                              V.
                                                                                                                               W
                                                                                                                                'AM
                                                                                                                                 IMIL
                                                                         ly V#r.V= 6411% MA"
                                                                         1r%ftCM
                                                                         Ime
                                                                         Gurmb
                                                                         MIA4 BA04ft"LA.
                                                                         LACPALPI=        I.
                                                                         WO Uff


                                                                                     1@       C77AKN* DETINL@
                                                                                     No er#"
                                                                                                                                     Figure 10

                                                        Funding Options


                                                        The tools of public finance are designed to tap the principal
                                                        source of revenue-personal wealth. The tools must be
                                                        matched to the programs they- finance in equitable, creative
                                                        and efficient ways. Once the tools have been chosen and
                                                        approved, a mechanism must be established to manage the
                                                        flow of funds, and an institution for financial management
                                                        should be created.






                                        PI(-e 27







                                  Suggested Plants for Nature Paxk Landscaping                                                                     Table I



                 Botanical               Common                    Soil                  Shade             Flood                   Saft               Drought
                    Name                   Name                Drainage                 Tolerant         Tolerant               Tolerant              Resistant






                 Acer rubrum           red maple               very poor to                ye s              yes                sensitve             moderate
                                                               well-diained

                 Fraxinus              green ash               moderately                  no                yes               moderate                  yes
                 pennsylvanica                                 poor to
                                                               well-drained

                 Liqu&ambar            sweetgum                poorto                      no                yes               moderate
                 stryradflua                                   well-drained
                 Liriadadron           tulip poplar,           moderately              moderate              no                    no
                 tulipifera            yeRow                   well to
                                       poplar                  well-drained
                 Ph= tacda             loblolly pine           moderately                  no                no                    no                    yes
                                                               poorto
                                                               well-drained

                 Quercus               pin oak                 poorto                      no                yes                   yes                   yes
                 palustris                                     well-drained

                 Qw"s                  willow oak              poorto                      yes               yes                   yes                   yes
                 phellos                                       well-drained






                 Cornus                flowering               moderately                  yes               no                moderate
                 florida               dogwood                 well to
                                                               well-drained

                 Ikx opaca             American                poorly                      yes               no                    no                    yes
                                       holly                   drained to
                                                               well-dmined
                 h"lia                 sweetbay                very poor to                yes               yes                   yes                   no
                 wrginiana             magnolia                moderately
                                                               poorly
                                                               drained

                 Malus spp.            crabapple               moderately                  no           moderate               moderate                  yes
                                                               well to
                                                               well-drained
                 Pinus.                Vii3inia pine           moderately                  no                tio                   yes                   yes
                 virginsana                                    well to
                                                               excessively
                                                               dmined








                                                       Suggested Plants (Continued)


           Botanical              Common                   soil                    Shade            Flood                salt                Drought
              Name                  Name               Drainage                Tollerant        Tollerant             Tolerant               Resistant





           Cornus               red osier              very poor ti)               no               yes                  no                    yes
           stolonifera          dogwood                well-drained
           Hamamdis             witchbazel             moderately                  yes              no                   no                    no
           wrgmsaw                                     poorto
                                                       well-drained

           Kdmia                mountain               moderately                  yes              yes              moderate               moderate
           latifilia            laurel                 well to
                                                       well-dndned

           Un&ra                spicebush              moderately                  yes              yes                  yes                   no
           Icnwin                                      poorto
                                                       moderately
                                                       well-drained

           Myrica               wax myrtle             poorto                      no               yes                  yes                   yes
           aefifera                                    excessively
                                                       drained

           Myrica               Northern               very poor to                no               Yes                  yes                   Yes
           pen6y1banics         bayber7y               excessively
                                                       drained

           Vaccinium            highbush               very poor to                yes              yes                  yes                moderate
           spp.                 blueberry              well-drained
           VibUMUM              arrow-Arood            moderately                  yes              yes                  yes                   yes,
           dentatum                                    poorto
                                                       well-drained














           adapted from: Hightshoe, Cary L 1988. Native TYM, Shrubsand VinzfOr Urb= and RuralA-mi= A Planting Design Manual
           for Environmental Designers. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New york Ny.








           Accessing Funds

           There are many ways to secure funds. These may be those
           programs stated below, or may be through taxes, user fees,
           other intergovernmental grants, and debt. A good rule of
           thumb is that property and sales taxes finance activities that
           benefit entire communities, while user fees raise funds from
           select groups of beneficiaries. Debt financing will raise large
           amounts. of capital which may be repaid through taxes or
           user fees during, a project's useful life. More innovative
           capital prograirLs attract private participation to joint
           ventures. Many secondary benefits from public financing,
           such as stimulating local ec(?nomy and employment,
           attracting investment and people may result

           Managing Funds

           Starting and finishing a development project depends on the
           availability of ftinds at the right time. Many public access
           facilities may require operational budgets, as well as
           start-up capital., Provision must be made to accumulate and
           disburse funds.


           To ensure program continuity, some jurisdictions have
           sought permanent financial management mechanisms
           outside annual budgeting. These may, include enterprise
           funds, dedicated trust funds, bond banks, or revolving loan
           funds. Enterprise funds and dedicated trust funds earmark
           and control taxes or fees to finance a single self-supporting
           activity. Revolving loan funds, once capitalized, can lend
           money for local projects at below-market rates. As initial
           loans are repaid, the fund is replenished for new loans.
           Capitalization is sometimes found in private sources.

           Some funding sources and-management mechanisms worth
           exploring are:

                          Property Tax Surcharge

                          A surcharge is an additional, often temporary,
                          levy to an established rate, which may help to
                          raise ftmds for specific projects. These would
                          be essentially one-time only projects which
                          would not require regular replacement,
                          although a surcharge may include measures                                   Pzige 28








                                                for operation and maintenance. Property taxes
                                                may be-an equitable source of funding for -
                                                shoreline stabilization and protection, where it is
                                                assessed against beach front owners.


                                                Real Estate Transfer Tax


                                                Such a sales tax, assessed on beachfront property
                                                may help to provide a low cost funding program,
                                                such as revolving loan program, for shoreline
                                                stabilization and improvement of public access
                                                facilities.


                                                User Fees


                                                An annual permit or parking sticker for water
                                                access facilities would be the most practical
                                                application of this alternative. The Town will
                                                need to monitor and enforce this program, and
                                                the costs of this enforcement should be built into
                                                the fee. Properly assessed, these fees could ensure
                                                a long-term source of funds to finance operations
                                                such as trash removal, strengthen the ability to,
                                                issue low cost bonds, and contribute to retained
                                                capital for later investment in repairs.

                                      State and Federal Funds


                                            ï¿½   Waterway Improvement Program

                                                The Waterway Grants and Project Planning
                                                division is responsible for recreational access to
                                                the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries with
                                                emphasis on projects and activities related to the
                                                general boating public. Activities include liaison
                                                with federal, state and local agencies in
                                                promoting, designm& constructing and financing
                                                marine facilities.


                                            ï¿½   Recreational Boating Program

                                                Administered by the Boating Administration, this
                                                program reviews permits and provides technical
                                                support to develop facilities such as ramps, piers,
                           Page 29









                         and marinas which are beneficial to the
                         general boating public.

                         Program Open Space

                         These funds, administered by the Department
                         of Natural Resources are provided by
                         Maryland's real estate transfer tax and the
                         land and Water Conservation Fund at the
                         federal level. Fifty percent is allocated to local
                         jurisdictions for acquiring open space on a
                         100% reimbursable basis. This reimbursable
                         also include's planning tasks. Development
                         and construction are reimbursed on a
                         75%basis. Application may be made directly
                         to Program Open Space. Jurisdictions may
                         stockpile or encumber monies toward
                         specifically planned projects in order to
                         accumulate sufficient funds to acquire or
                         develop open space acreage. This mechanism
                         is essential to small jurisdictions which receive
                         small amounts of funding and have small local
                         budgets..


           Sources of additional information are listed at the end of this
           chapter.


           Permits


           Proposed construction of recreational facilities may require
           an assortment of federal, state or local permits. These are
           summarized in tabular form according to proposed use.
           Sources of additional information are also listed at the end
           of this chapter.                                                 Tcible 2



                                                                            Fi -ure I I







                                                                                                Pacre 30










                                                                                       THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS?
                                                                                       PERMITTING PROCESS


                                                                                                     OPTIONAL PREAPPLICATION CONSULTATION


                                                                                                                        RECEIVE
                                                                                                                     APPLICATION

                                                                                                                     PRELIMINARY               CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
                                                                                                                     ASSESSMENT
                                                                                                                                        		gENERAL pEOAM
                                                                                                                      PLUBIC                    Nationwide Permit
                                                                                                                        NOTICE
                                                                                          LOCAL                                              Letter of Permission
                                                                                        AGENCIES
                                                                                       SPECIAL_                     COMMENT            OTHER CORPS
                                                                                        INTERESTS                       PERIOD                 OF ENGINEER.'



                                                                                        STATEAGENCIES                   OPTIONA L              FEDERAL AGENC
                                                                                        Water Quality                    PUBLIC                  !EPA         9
                                                                                        Coastal Zone                    HEARING                  NMFS
                                                                                        Fish& Wildlife                                     FWS
                                                                                                                          I
                                                                                                                  PUBLIC INTEREST
                                                                                                                        REVIEW 4
                                                                                                                        404(b K I
                                                                                                                     EVALUATION



                                                                                                                                          APPROVE
                                                                                                                                       APPLICATION


                                                                                       Source. Adapted from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

                                                                                                                                                        Figure 11
                                                                   Postscript.
                                                                   Construction and Management

                                                                   Many local govemment& design and funding efforts focus
                                                                   on initial construction but do not include provision for
                                                                   maintenance and upgrades of facilities as needed. The
                                                                   proposed Nature Park and Trail should remain a "a place
                                                                   with significant, well managed natural features that provide
                                                                   an unforgettable experience." Recommendations for
                                                                   management were outlined earlier in this plan. An
                                                                   adequate maintenance plan should be submitted with any
                                                                   funding applications, and should determine maintenance.
                                                                   responsibility and project a five year budget

                                                                   In addition, periodic review of master plans to determine if
                                                                   they still conform with existing patterns of use and features,
                                                                   and updating these plans as necessary will ensure that
                                                                   Town parks'will continue to serve Town residents.

 or                                             Page 31
 











                                                                                                                       Table 2

                                 Water Access and Park Permits




                                                                                                                    4 U
                                                                                                                    .4




                                                                                                                                 iz



          ----------- --------------- ------- ------------- ...... --------- ----------- ---------- - ------- ---------- ------- ------- -----------
                                                             U
                                                             V

          Section 404, Clean Water Act                      Discharge of dredged or fill material
          ( 33 U. S. C. 1344r                               into "waters of the U. S."

          Section 10, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899        Obstruction or alteration of navigable
          (33 U. S. C. 403r                                 waters of the U. S.
          U. S. Army Corps of Fngineers
                                                            In addition, the State of Maryland is
                                                            required to issue a Water Quality
                                                            Certification for any federally
                                                            permitted activity which may result in
                                                            a discharge of dredged or fill material
                                                            to State waters or wetlands

               -----------                                                                  1-vig 1  1. --.-
          'Mi.-MMMMEEM @ I=-                                                                                 b
          Section 401, Clean Water Act                      Water dMty Certification'(as above)
          Maryland Department of the Environment            certifies that activity does not cause
          Water Management Administration                   violation of Maryland state water
                                                            quality standards.
          Section 307, Coastal Zone Management              Applicants for federally permitted               b
          Act                                               projects are required to certify that the
          Department of Natural Resources                   project is consistent with the Coastal
          Water Resources Administration                    Zone Management Program, with
                                                            which the State concurs or disagrees.



          Wetlands Law (Title 9 Natural Resources           Alteration of tidal wetlands or
          Article, Annotated Code of Maryland)              discharge of stormwater. Either a
          Department of Natural Resources                   Wetlands License issued by the Board
          Water Resources Administration                    of Public Works and/or a Wetlands
                                                            Permit granted by the Department of
                                                            Natural Resources.

                   EUsuaUyapplies                  Emayapply            Dis not required









                    Water Access and Park Pexmits (Continued)





             Section "03, Natural Resources Article,      Construction in any 100 year
             Annotated Code of Maryliand                  floodplam which alters the course,
             Department of Natural Resources              current, or cross,-section of a stream of
             Water ResourcesAdministration                body of water within the State.

             Nontidal Wetlands Protection Act (Section    Grading, filling, excavatin&
             8-1201-8-1211, Natural ResourceiArticle,     destroying or removing vegetation,             M E] E
             Annotated Code of Maryland)                  altering the water level, or placing
             Departrykent of Natural Resources            structures in a nontidal wetland or
             Water Resources Administration               within its 25 foot buffer, or 100 foot
                                                          expanded buffer.
                                  ----------
             MEN=                           --.- ------------ 1-
             Stormwater Management                        Review of disturbances greater than
                                                          5,000 square feet for compliance with    E El M El
                                                          State of Maryland regulations.

             Sediment and Erosion Control and Grading     Issued by the Town of Indian Head
             Permits                                      with review by Soil Conservation
                                                          Service for disturbances greater than
                                                          5@= square feet both inside and out
                                                          of Critical Area.

             BuildingPermits                              Site plan and construction plan review
                                                          and enforcerritent by Town Manager's
                                                          Office.
             Critical Areas Plait and Critical Area       Regulates development within 1,000       MEN              0
             Ordinance                                    feet from tidal waters and tidal
                                                          wedands as defined by the Plan and
                                                          Natura I Resources Article Section
                                                          8-1801 through 8-1816, and requires
                                                          implementation of Critical Area
                                                          Criteria which protect water quality
                                                          and plant, wildlife and fish habitats.

                                                          The Chesapeake Bay Critical Area
                                                          Commission may conunent on
                                                          development proposals, and is a
                                                          referral agency with other State
                                                          agencies as listed in the Town of
                                                          Indian Head Plan.
                information and joint applications may be obtained from: Maryland Dept. of Natural Reso= Water Resources
                Admixtistration, Wetiand & Waterways nvpwn, 580 Taylor Ave., D-4, Annapolis, MD 21401
             b  As above for Section 404 permits






          Additional Sources of
          Information


          Protected Habitats
          Forestry & Woodland Protection
          Bay Watershed Forester
          Forest, Park and Wildlife Service
          Department of Natural Resources
          P. 0. Box 2746
          LaPlata, MD 20646
          301-934-2543



          Environmental Review
          Donald E. MacLauchlan, Assistant Secretary
          Deparl3nent of Natural Resources
          Tawes State Office Building
          Annapolis, MD 21401
          301-974-5551



          Wildlife Protection
          Depart3nent of Natural Resources
          P. 0. Box 68
          Wye Mills, MD 21679
          301-827-8612



          Sediment and Erosion Control
          Allen "Pete" Cruickshank
          U S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service
          Charles County Soil Conservation District
          LaP-lata,,-MD



          Critical Areas
          Chesapeake Bay Critical Areas Commission
          Ren Serey, Chiel'-
          Project Evaluation
          West Garrett Place, Suite 320
          275 West Street
          Annapolis, MD21401
          301-974-2418                                                                      Pace 32








                                    Recreation Planning
                                    Charles County Planning/Technical Assistance
                                    George Maurer
                                    Charles County
                                    LaPlata, MD
                                    Charles County Recreation
                                    Torn Rowland
                                    301-932-3440

                                    Waterway Improvement Program
                                    Boating Administration
                                    Maryland Department of Natural Resources
                                    Preston Hartge
                                    Tawes State office Building, E-4
                                    Annapolis, MD 21401
                                    301-841-5607

                                    Program Open Space
                                    Maryland Deparbnent of Natural Resources
                                    Annapolis, MD 21401
                                    301-974-7231


                                    Wetlands and Waterways


                                    Federal Permits
                                    US. Army Corps of Engineers
                                    Baltimore District
                                    P.O. Box 1715
                                    Baltimore, MD 21203-1715
                                    Attention: CENAB-OP-R
                                    301-962-3670



                                    State Licenses & Permits
                                    Department  of Natural Resources
                                    Water Resources Administration
                                    Tidal Wetlands Division
                                    Tawes State Office Building
                                    Taylor Avenue
                                    Annapolis, Maryland 21401
                                    301-974-3871






                          Pcicye '13








          Department of Natural Resources
          Water ResourcesAdministration
          Waterway Permits Division
          Tawes State Office Building
          Taylor Avenue
          Annapolis, Maryland 21401
          301-974-2265

          Department of Natural Resources
          Water Resources Administration
          Nontidal Wetlands Division
          Tawes State Office Building
          Taylor Avenue
          Annapolis, Maryland 21401
          301-974-3841



          Coastal Zone Consistency Statement
          Department of Natural Resources
          Water Resources Administration
          Wetlands and Waterways Program
          Tawes State Office Building
          Taylor Avenue
          Annapolis, Maryland 21401
          301-974-2156



          Water Quality Cerdfication-
          Department of the Environment
          Water Management Administration
          Division of Standards and Certification
          2500 Broening Rghway
          Baltimore, Maryland 21224
          301-631-3609
















                                                                                           Page 34





            Appendix I


            Project Envirorunental Review (ER #90.01.009)
            Sketch of Listed Species Site


            Source.   Maryland Department of. Natural Resources
                      Forest, Park and Wildlife Service




































                                                                                                Page 35








                    Maryland Department Of Natural Resources
                                                                     ..... ...... .........
                  ...........                            .........
                    Forest, Park and Wildlife Service
                    Tawes State Office Buildino
                    Annapolis. Maryland 21-401



     William Donald Schaefer                                          Torrey C. Brown, M.D.
        cow).                                                         Set-renir.%
        January 30,  1991                                             Donald E. MaeLauchlan


        Ms. Ginger Page Howell
        REDMAN/JOHNSTON ASSOCIATES, LTD.
        1132 Canvasback Drive
        Suite C
        Easton, MD 21601

        Re: Indian Head Town Park Concept

        Dear Ms. Howell:

        This is in response to your request for information    regarding the
        above referenced project. There are no known Federal or State
        threatened or endangered plant or wildlife species present at this
        project site.

        The portion of the site east of Harrison Cut i    s adjacent to, or
        includes, a section of a Listed Species Site (Map enclosed) for
        the State Threatened America Lotus (Nelumbo lutea). This Habitat
        Protection Area includes tidal wetlands plus the minimum 100-foot
        Critical Area Buffer.      In accordance 'with the Critical Area
        criteria, no new development activities including the clearing of
        existing vegetation is allowed in the Buffer in Habitat Protect
        Areas.   Therefore, development activities associated with the
        nature park should not disturb the minimum 100-foot Buffer in the
        Listed Species Site.    Please bear in mind that, pursuant to the
        Criteria, the 100-foot limit of the Buffer must be expanded to
        include contiguous sensitive areas such as steep slopes, non-tidal
        wetlands and highly erodible soils.

        Should you have any further concerns about this information, please
        contact Wayne Tyndall of the Natural Heritage Program, Tawes State
        Office Building, B-2, Annapolis, Maryland 21401, (301) 974-2870.

        The project area is located within the Chesapeake Bay Critical Area
        and, therefore, certain other protected wildlife habitats must be
        addressed by the proposed project development plan.

        Corridors of existing woodland vegetation must    be maintained, to
        the extent practical, when development activities or the cutting
        or clearing of trees occurs in forested areas to provide effective
        connections between wildlife habitat area.



                                 Telephone:
                                  DNR TTY for Deal': 301-974-3683











         January 30, 1991
         Page 2


         For additional information please do not hesitate to contact Bill
         Gates at (301) 827-8612.

         we offer the following comments relative to forestry interests.

               -   A 100 f oot naturally vegetated Forest Buf f er shall be
                   maintained and delineated from the Mean High water Line
                   of tidal waters, tributary streams, and tidal wetlands.

               -   A 50 f oot naturally vegetated Forest Buf f er should be
                   delineated and maintained adjacent to all nontidal
                   wetlands on the site.

               -   The 1000 foot Critical Area Line is not correctly shown
                   on the site plan.

               -   Existing vegetation on the site has not been correctly
                   identified and mapped.

               -   Development activities have not been designed to minimize
                   destruction of forest and woodland vegetation.

               -   New development is prohibited from locating in the Buffer
                   except water-dependent facilities.

                   Impervious areas shall be limited to 15% of the site.
                   It appears you have not met this requirement.

                   Tree planting assistance is available to create forest
                   buffer along water ways and to establish forests in open
                   areas. Disturbance is prohibited in the 100 foot buffer
                   unless the activity is water dependent.      Interpreting
                   programs should be established concerning water quality,
                   tree planting, forest management and natural areas.

         If additional information.is required please contact David Gailey
         at (301) 934-2543.
         sipcTely

         Ta s Burt
         Director, Planni   and Program Development
         JB:dec
         cc:   Bill Gates
               Lynn Davidson
               David Gailey
               Jeff Horan
               ely


             s
               ur
               B
                 t
               to
           rec r,  Pl;nni/4aai



               Jackie Magness
               ER# 90.01.009






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                                      Appendix 2

                                      Wildlife Habitat Protection Guidelines



                                      Source:   Maryland Department of Natural Resources
                                                Forest, Park and Wildlife Service
                                                WyeMills,MD





































                           Page 36





                                        OV IWA*k



                                                 U





   William Donald Schaefer Maryland Department of Natural Resources Torrey C. Brown, M.D.
        Governor              Forest, Park and Wildlife Service     Secretary
                                       P.O. Box 68                  Donald E. MacLauchlan
                                  Wye Mills, N4aryland 21679        Assistant Secretary
                                      301-827-8612
                                  February 11, 1991



        Ms. Ginger Howell
        Redman/Johnston Associates, LTD.
        1132 Canvasback Drive, Suite C                     RECEIVED  r to, 4 119SI
        Easton, MD 21601

        Dear Ms. Howell:

              Enclosed is information regarding specific wildlife Habitat
        Protection Areas  on the site of the proposed park in Indian Head,
        Charles County, Maryland.

             Technically, this site is potential Forest Interior Dwelling
        Bird (FID) habitat according to the Cheasapeake Bay Critical Area
        Criteria because 300 feet of riparian forest is*present (COMAR
        14.15.09.04). This-is probably the reason this site is mapped as
        potential habitat by the "Town of Indian Head Critical Ar   -ea Plan."
        However, we feel the forest-at this site is too small and isolated
        to require FID habitat protection measures.        Nevertheless, we
        recommend that forest clearing be minimized during development of
        the park. This will help maintain habitat for other wildlife which
        utilize forested areas as well as remove nutrients from runoff
        which may be entering the creek from this and surrounding
        properties.   This will also help maintain the wildlife corridor
        function of this forested area.

             Dabbling ducks, including Black Ducks and Mallards, are using
        this site (see enclosed table). However, the aerial survey data
        indicate these species are not present in sufficient numbers for
        designation of this locality as a Waterfowl Staging and
        Concentration Area.    one reason for this may be that waterfowl
        numbers were not always reported for specific sites, but by survey
        area, during past surveys. The marshes on the eastern portion of
        this and adjacent properties likely serve as a wintering site and,
        to some extent, a breeding area for dabbling ducks. Therefore, we
        recommend that any water-dependent facilities to be located-in the
        park be situated away from these marshes (i.e. Construct these
        facilities on the western portion of the property.).





                              Telephone:
                              DNR T`TY for the Deaf: 301-974-3683








  WATERFOWL OBSERVED IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROPOSED


                             INDIAN HEAD TOWN PARK




                Listed below are waterfowl observed in the vicinity of the
          proposed town park at Indian Head, Maryland.                The data were
          collected during aerial surveys performed twice a year in
          approximately mid-November and mid-Jahuary. Data is not included
          for those surveys in which only totals are reported for survey area
          1, which includes the Mattawoman Creek area.


          Date              Location                     Waterfowl

          Feb. 90           Nelson Pt.                   24 black ducks, 18 mallards

          Dec, 119          Across  Creek from           300 scaup, 100 mallards,
                              Rum Pt.                    50 canvasbacks
                            Mattingly Park area          200 mallards, 125 black
                                                         ducks, 50 unidentified
                                                         dabbling ducks
                            0.5 mi E of Rum Pt.          75 scaup,
                            S portion of mouth           50 C. geese,-6 mallards
                              of Mattawoman Ck.
                            Deep Pt.                     200 scaup

          Nov.   89         Just W.of Rum Pt.            50 C. geese
                            Just SW of Deep Pt.          395 scaup, 317 mallards,
                                                         175 canvasbacks,' 6
                                                         buffleheads, 3 t. swans

          Jan. 82           Mattawoman Ck.               200 mallards, 111 black
                                                         ducks

          Nov. 81           Deep Pt. and mouth           150 canvasbacks
                              of Mattawoman Ck.

          Jan. 79           Mattawolpan Ck.              128 mergansers, 9 black
                                                         ducks, 3 buffleheads

          Jan. 78           Mattawoman Ck.               50 mergansers

          Nov. 77           Mattawoman Ck.               14 swans










              Feel free to contact me if you require additional information.
        my card is included for your perusal.


                                                 Sincerely yours,



                                                 William R. Gates
                                                 Bay Wildlife Biologist

        cc: Dr. S. Taylor





             Appendix 3

             Specifications and Construction Drawings for Phase I
             Improvements



             Source.    Red;rnanljohnston Associates, Ltd.
                        Easton, MD 21601


             Guidelines for Phase I Trail Improvements


             Source.    Maryland Department of Natural Resources
                        Forest, Park and Wildlife Service
                        Brandywine, MD





























                                                                                                      Page 37


















                            DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
                            Maryland Forest, Park & Wildlife Service
      DONALD E, M..LAUCHLAN        ROUTE 4, BOX 106A              GENE PIOTROWSKI
          DIRECTOR             BRANDYWINE, MARYLAND 20613        REGIONAL FORESTER
                                     (301) 888-1638






                                                  March 4, 1991


        Ms. Howell
        Redman - Johnston Ass., LTD
        1132 Canvasback Drive, Suite C
        Easton, MD 21601

        Subject: Indian Head Nature Trail

        Dear Ms. Howell:

           It was a pleasure meeting with you last Friday to di scuss the
        proposed nature trail system to be installed at the Indian Head
        Town Park adjacent to the Mattawoman Creek. Plans to upgrade the
        existing compacted bare soil trail used by the public is an
        excellent method of controlling and decreasing the, amount of
        overland runoff entering Mattawoman Creek.

           As we discussed in the f ield the use of mulch or wood chips
        would be a substantial improvement over the existing conditions of
        the trail. A wood barrier such as landscape ties installed on the
        down hill side of the grade adjacent to Mattawoman Creek will be
        necessary to eliminate the washing away of wood chips following
        heavy periods of rainfall.

           Cutting into the bank of the existing trail's contour in order
        to reduce the slope will reduce runoff and provide easier access
        for the public. However, as I mentioned in the f ield extreme
        caution should be taken to eliminate damage to tree roots during
        this operation. Lowering the grade 6 - 8 inches will remove a major
        portion of the top soil and major feeder roots of a tree. A loss of
        1/3 to 1/2 of these surface roots will kill the tree. Naturally to
        preserve a 'tree and avoid root damage when cutting a grade, curve
        or zig-zag around the tree roots as much as possible. Roots should
        be cut cleanly . Deep grades will require a retaining wall . The
        wall should be porous to allow for aeration. Top pruning will aid
        in retaining tree vigor when roots are cut.

           Several trees along Mattawoman Creek are leaning over the stream
        bank and pose a threat of falling which in turn "will create
A       accelerated erosion. As mentioned in the field I will prepare a



                 TTY FOR DEAF: STATEWIDE 1-800-492-5062/ BALTIMORE 269-2609









         Buffer Management Plan and selectively designate trees for removal.
         All tree cutting in the 100 f oot buf f er must be approved by the
         Maryland Forest, Park and Wildlife Service.

            All trees to be removed for trail construction must be replaced
         one f or one as stipulated in the Chesapeake Bay Critical Area Law.
         A limit of disturbance should be delineated prior to trail
         construction, accompanied with the number of trees to be removed.
         Minimum disturbance is mandatory. Mitigation planting could be done
         as part of the stabilization project if acceptable by the Town of
         Indian Head. If necessary open areas on other Town properties will
         suffice.

            The trees listed below are suited for planting along the
                                                   -o salt water intrusion.
         Mattawoman Creek, due to their resistance t

            Tree of Heaven                 Scotch Pine
            Norway Maple                   White Oak
            Common Honey Locust            Black Jack Oak
            American Holly                 Black Locust
            Southern Magnolia              Chinese Elm
            Black Tupelo                   Colorado Spruce
            Austrian Pine                  Japanese Black Pine

            The shrubs listed below are   als o suited f or planting on the
         site.


            Red Chokeberry                Inkberry
            Saltbush                      Junipers
            Japanese barberry             Honeysuckles
            Bittersweets                  Bayber-ry
            Red Osier Dogwood             Highbush Blueberry

            If you have any questions please contact me at 301-934-2543.


                                 Sincerely,


                                 David W. Gailey
                                 Bay-Watershed Forester








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