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SOIL SURVEY OF Berkeley County, South Carolina 4r" 41 4 Z 4W, A' A; 4 V . . ........ N- AWL= United States Department of Agriculture At t., Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service In cooperation with South Carolina Land Resources Conservation Commission and South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station ..,.,-,!:HOW TO U . . ... ........................ ... - .............. .... .......... ................. Locate your area of interest on the "Index to Map Sheets" (the .. . .............. ................. last page of this publication). .......... . .............. ................. ............ ........ ... ... .................. .... ...... .. . ......... ............. .. .. .. ......... ..... . ............ ........ ......... ... ................. .. ............... .....................I................ ..... .... .. .... . . ........ ......... ................ ................ .... ............... .. ............ Kokomo .. ............................. ............ . ...... .... .... ........ .... ... .... .. . ... .... . ....... .... .. . ....... .. ... . ... .. ....... . ..... ..... ... .... .. ............ . .. .. ..... .......... .................. .. .. .......... ......... ... -7 . . ...... .... ........ . ........ ............. .. . ...... ..... ................ .......... .. ........ .......... .................. ............. .. . ........ ......... . ......... . . ........ ...... . . .... ........ ... ........ . ......... A Note the number of the mar .... ...... ..... . .......... .... ..... ....... 2. sheet and turn to that shee . .......... Locate your area of interest 30 on the map sheet. 151C 134A 568 27C A .. ..... .... .. ....... ..... ... ..... ... . ....... 131B 56B ....... ... ....... .. . . .... .. ...... 134A ....... .... . ........ . ... . .. ......... 0 ... . . ....... ...... .... .......... . . ..... L . ..... . ...... ----------- List the mapping unit symbols 40 that are in your area. .......... .............. Symbols .... .... ......... . ....... .... . ...... .... .... .... ........ ....... ........... ........ ... .............. 27C 56B ........... .. ......... 131 B 134A . . . . . .. . . . . .. ........... .. .............. :XXX*@: .12 134A . ......... .. ............... .. ......... . ... 148B . . ......... ........... ...... ... .. ... ..... . ... -:-, ............ X 148 ............. . .... .... .... .......... ...... 151C HIS SOIL SURVEY Turn to "Index to Soil Mapping Units" .......... .......... ........... which lists the name of each mapping unit and the page where that mapping unit is described. ............ ............... ........... ........... .......... .......... ......... ............... ................ .................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. .............. .......... . . .... .. ........... @7 ..... ....- ...... ... . . ...... ... .. . . . ... .......... .......... .......... . ........... ...... ........ .... ...... .... See "Summary of Tables" (following the 60 Contents) for location of additional data on a specific soil use. .......... ............. .......... .......... .......... ... 1.@ z Consult "Contents" for parts of the publication that will meet your specific needs. This survey contains useful information for farmers or ranchers, foresters or agronomists; for planners, community decision makers, engineers, developers, builders, or homebuyers; for conservationists, recreationists, teachers, or students; for specialists in wildlife management, waste disposal, or pollution control. This is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and agencies of the States, usually the Agricultural Experiment Stations. In som4 surveys, other Federal and local agencies also contribute. The Soil Conservation Service has leader- ship for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. In line with Department of Agriculture policies, benefits of this program are available to all, regardless of race, color, national origin''sex, religion, marital status, or age. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in the period 1965-73. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1974. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in the publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1974. This survey was made cooperatively by the Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service, the South Carolina Land Resources Conservation Commission, and the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Berkeley Soil and Water Conservation District. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission, but any enlarge- ment of these maps could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and result in erroneous interpretations, Enlarged maps do not show sniall areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger mapping scale. Cover picture: Live oak lined road to plantation headquarters on Duplin flne sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. Contents Page Page Index to soil mapping units .......................................... iv Norfolk series ................................................................ 23 Summary of tables .......................................................... v Ocilla seies ...................................................................... 24 Foreword ............................................................................ vii Pamlico series ................................................................ 25 How this survey was made ............................................ 1 Pantego series ................................................................ 25 General soil map .............................................................. 2 Pickney series ................................................................ 26 Dominantly strongly acid, nearly level to gently Rains series .................................................................... 27 sloping soils on ridges and upper slopes .......... 2 Santee series .................................................................. 28 1. Cainhoy-Pickney association ............................ 2 Seagate series ................................................................ 28 2. Bonneau-Norfolk-Pantego association ............ 2 Tawcaw series ................................................................ 29 3. Goldsboro-Lynchburg-Rains association ........ 3 Udorthents ...................................................................... 30 4. Wahee-Duplin-Lenoir association .................... 3 Wahee series .................................................................. 30 5. Chipley-Echaw-Pickney association ................ 4 Witherbee series ............................................................ 31 Dominantly strongly acid, nearly level soils on Use and management of the soils .............................. 32 lower slopes and low-lying flats ........................ 4 Crops and pasture ........................................................ 32 6. Rains-Pantego association ................................ 4 General management of cropland .......................... 32 7. Bethera-Bayboro-Pantego association ............ 5 Capability classes and subclasses .......................... 33 8. Byars-Coxville association ................................ 5 Yields per acre .......................................................... 34 Dominantly medium acid, nearly level soils on Woodland management and productivity ................ 34 flood plains ............................................................... 5 Wildlife habitat .............................................................. 35 Engineering .................................................................... 36 9. Tawcaw-Chastain association ............................ 5 Building site development ...................................... 37 Dominantly nonacid, nearly level soils on low- Sanitary facilities ...................................................... 37 lying flats and in drainageways and marsh Construction materials ............................................ 38 areas ........................................................................ 6 Water management ............................. 39 10 Meggett association ............................................ 6 11' Bohicket-Capers association .............................. 6 Recreation ...................................................................... 40 Soil properties .................................................................. 40 Descriptions of the soils ................................................ 7 Engineering test data .................................................. 41 Aquic Udifluvents ........................................................ 7 Engineering properties ................................................ 41 Bayboro series .............................................................. 8 Physical and chemical properties .............................. 41 Bethera series ................................................................ 8 Soil and water features ................................................ 42 Bohicket series .............................................................. 9 Formation, morphology, and classification of the Bonneau series .............................................................. 10 soils .............................................................................. 43 Borrow pits .................................................................... 11 Factors of soil formation ............................................ 43 Byars series .................................................................... 11 Parent material .......................................................... 43 Cainhoy series ................................................................ 12 Climate ........................................................................ 44 Capers series .................................................................. 12 Living organisms ...................................................... 44 Caroline series .............................................................. 13 Relief .......................................................................... 44 Chastain series .............................................................. 14 Time ............................................................................ 45 Chipley series ................................................................ 15 Morphology of soils ...................................................... 45 Coxville series ................................................................ 15 Classification of soils .................................................... 45 Craven series ................................................................ 16 Additional facts about the county .............................. 46 Duplin series .................................................................. 17 Climate ............................................................................ 46 Echaw series .................................................................. 18 Physiography, drainage, and geology ........................ 47 Goldsboro series ............................................................ 18 Settlement and development ...................................... 47 Lenoir series .................................................................. 19 Santee-Cooper Authority ............................................ 47 Leon series .................................................................... 20 References .......................................................................... 47 Lucy series .................................................................... 21 Glossary .............................................................................. 48 Lynchburg series .......................................................... 21 Illustrations ...................................................................... 51 Meggett series .............................................................. 22 Tables ................................................................................... 57 Issued January 1980 rC_;; Property of CSC Library C" us Department of commerce Canter Library 1-,OAA coastal ServiL@c@L; 2234 South Hobson Avenue Charleston, SC 29405-2413 Index to Soil Mapping Units Page Page AU-Aquic Udifluvents .................................................. 8GoA-Goldsboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes .. 19 Ba-Bayboro loam ............................................................ 8Le-Lenoir fine sandy loam ............................................ 20 Be-Bethera loam ............................................................ 9Lo-Leon fine sand .......................................................... 21 BH-Bohicket association ................................................ 10 LuB-Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes ............ 21 BoA-Bonneau 'loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 10 Ly-Lynchburg fine sandy loam .................................... 22 BoB-Bonneau loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes ...... 11 Mg-Meggett loam ............................................................ 23 Bp-Borrow pits ................................................................ 11 Mp@Meggett clay loam .................................................. 23 By-Byars loam ................................................................ 12 NoA-Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 24 CaB-Cainhoy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes .......... 12 NoB-Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes ...... 24 CP-Capers association .................................................. 13 Oc-Ocilla loamy fine sand ........................................... .. 25 CoA-Caroline fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent Pa-Pamlico muck .......................................................... 25 slopes ........................................................................... 13 CoB-Caroline fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent Pe-Pantego fine sandy loam ......................................... 26 slopes ........................................................................... 14 Pk-Pickney loamy fine sand ... 27 CS-Chastain association, frequently flooded ............ 14 Ra-Rains fine sandy loam ............................................ 27 Ct-Chipley-Echaw complex .......................................... 15 Sa-Santee loam ................................................................ 28 Cu-Coxville fine sandy loam ........................................ 16 Se-Seagate loamy sand .................................................. 29 CvA-Craven loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................... 16 TA-Tawcaw association, frequently flooded .............. 30 CvB-Craven loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes .................... 17 UD-Udorthents .............................................................. 30 DuA-Duplin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes 17 Wa-Wahee loam .............................................................. 31 DuB-Duplin fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes 18 Wt-Witherbee fine sand ................................................ 32 iv Summary of Tables Page Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils (Table 1) .............................. 58 Acres. Percent. Building Site Development (Table 5) .................................................................. 66 Shallow excavations. Dwellings without basements. Small commercial buildings. Local roads and streets. Classification of the Soils (Table 14) .................................................................. 92 Soil name. Family or higher taxonomic class. Construction Materials (Table 7) ........................................................................ 72 Roadfill. Sand. Topsoil. Engineering Properties and Classifications (Table 11) .................................. 83 Depth. USDA texture. Classification- Unified, AASHTO. Percentage passing sieve number-4, 10, 40, 200. Liquid limit. Plasticity index. Engineering Test Data (Table 10) ...................................................................... 81 Soil name and location. Parent material. Report No. Depth. Horizon. Mechanical analysis. Liquid limit. Plasticity index. Classification-AASHTO, Unified. Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall (Table 16) ...................................................... 94 Probability. Dates for given probability and tem- perature. Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils (Table 12) .................................... 87 Depth. Permeability. Available water capacity. Soil reaction. Shrink-swell potential. Risk of corro- sion-Uncoated steel, Concrete. Erosion factors-K, T. Wind erodibility index. Recreational Development (Table 9) .................................................................. 78 Camp areas. Picnic areas. Playgrounds. Paths and trails. Sanitary Facilities (Table 6) ................................................................................ 69 Septic tank absorption fields. Sewage lagoon areas. Trench sanitary landfill. Area sanitary landfill. Daily coverfor landfill. Soil and Water Features (Table 13) .................................................................... 90 Hydrologic group. Flooding-Frequency, Duration, Months. High water table-Depth, Kind, Months. Temperature and Precipitation Data (Table 15) .............................................. 93 Month. Temperature-Average daily maximum, Average daily minimum, Average daily, Average number of growing degree days. Precipita- tion-Average, Average number of days with 0.10 inch or more, Average snowfall. v Summary of Tables-Continued Page Water Management (Table 8) .............................................................................. 75 Limitations for-Pond reservoir areas, Embank- ments, dikes, and levees, Aquifer-fed excavated ponds. Features affecting-Drainage, Irrigation. Wildlife Habitat Potentials (Table 4) .................................................................. 64 Potential for habitat elements-Grain and seed crops, Grasses and legumes, Wild herbaceous plants, Hardwood trees, Coniferous plants, Wetland plants, Shallow water areas. Potential as habitat for-Openland wildlife, Woodland wildlife, Wetland wildlife. Woodland Management and Productivity (Table 3) ........................................ 61 Ordination symbol. Management concerns-Erosion hazard, Equipment limitation, Seedling mortality. Potential productivity-Important trees, Site index. Trees to plant. Yields Per Acre of Crops and Pasture (Table 2) ............................................ 59 Corn. Soybeans. Improved bermudagrass. Bahiagrass. vi Foreword The Soil Survey of Berkeley County contains much information useful in any land-planning program. Of prime importance are the predictions of Soil behavior for selected land uses. Also highlighted are limitations or hazards that are inherent in the soil, improvements needed to overcome these limitations, and the impact that selected land uses will have on the environment. This soil survey has been prepared for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters, and agronomists can use it to determine the potential of the soil and the management practices required for food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and homebuyers can use it to plan land use, select sites for construction, develop soil resources, or identify any special practices that may be needed to insure proper per- formance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the soil sur- vey to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment. Great differences in soil properties can occur even within short distances. Soils may be seasonally wet or subject to flooding. They may be shallow to bedrock. They may be too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Very clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or un- derground installations. These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map; the lo- cation of each kind of soil is shown on detailed soil maps. Each kind of soil in the survey area is described, and much information is given about each soil for specific uses. Additional information or assistance in using this publication can be obtained from the local office of the Soil Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service. This soil survey can be useful in the conservation, development, and productive use of soil, water, and other resources. George E. Huey State Conservationist Soil Conservation Service vii SPARTANBURG CLEMSON FLORENCE COLUMBIA MILES 80 ALLENDALE CHARLESTON *State Agricultural Experiment Station Location of Berkeley County in South Carolina. viii SOIL SURVEY OF BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA By Bobby M. Long, Soil Conservation Service Soils surveyed by Bobby M. Long, G. Wade Hurt, and George V. Long, Soil Conservation Service, and Theodore R. Love and Louis E. Andrews, Forest Service United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service, in cooperation with South Carolina Land Resources Conservation Commission and South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station BERKELEY COUNTY is in the southeastern part of sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil; it ex- South Carolina on the Atlantic Coastal Plain (see map on tends from the surface down into the parent material, facing page). The county has a total area of about 775,000 which has been changed very little by leaching or by the acres, or 1,211 square miles. This acreage includes Lake action of plant roots. Moultrie, about 60,800 acres; the part of Lake Marion in The soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the Berkeley County, about 10,200 acres; and other smaller profiles they studied, and they compared those profiles water areas, about 7,775 acres. The county seat is Moncks with others in counties nearby and in places more distant. Corner, the second largest town in the county. Thus, through correlation, they classified and named the Berkeley County was created in 1882 from the Char- soils according to nationwide, uniform procedures. leston District, with Mt. Pleasant as the county seat. In After a guide for classifying and naming the soils was 1895 a section of Berkeley County bordering the coast worked out, the soil scientists drew the boundaries of the was added to Charleston County, and the county seat was individual soils on aerial photographs. These photographs moved to Moncks Comer. show woodlands, buildings, field borders, roads, and other Most of the county consists of broad areas of nearly details that help in drawing boundaries accurately. The level to gently sloping, dominantly loamy and clayey soils. soil map at the back of this publication was prepared The soils on the flood plains of the rivers and smaller from aerial photographs. streams are subject to frequent flooding. The major soils The areas shown on a soil map are called soil mapping in the county are in the Meggett, Goldsboro, Bonneau, units. Some mapping units are made up of one kind of soil, others are made up of two or more kinds of soil, and Craven, Wahee, Duplin, Bethera, and Tawcaw series. Ninety-five percent of the soils in Berkeley County have a few have little or no soil material at all. Mapping units excess water in the profile. A small part of the acreage are discussed in the section "Descriptions of the soils." has been artifically drained by ditches and tile. Mrhile a soil survey is in progress, samples of soils are About 8 percent of the county is used for cultivated taken as needed for laboratory measurements and for en- crops, 2 percent for pasture, 83 percent for woodland, and gineering tests. The soils are field tested, and interpreta- 7 percent for urban and other nonfarm uses. The principal tion8 of their behavior are modified as necessary during crops are corn and soybeans, but a few acres are in cotton the course of the survey. New interpretations are added and tobacco. Forest products are a major source of in- to meet local needs, mainly through field observations of come. different kinds of soil in different uses under different levels of management. Also, data are assembled from other sources, such as test results, records, field ex- How this survey was made perience, and information available from state and local specialists. For example, data on crop yields under Soil scientists made this survey to learn what kinds of defined practices are assembled from farm records and soil. are in the survey area, where they are, and how they from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. can be used. The soil scientists went into the area know- But only part of a soil survey is done when the soils ing they likely would locate many soils they already knew have been named, described, interpreted, and delineated something about and perhaps identify some they had on aerial photographs and when the laboratory data and never seen before. They observed the steepness, length, other data have been assembled. The mass of detailed in- and shape of slopes; the size of streams and the general formation then needs to be organized so that it is readily pattern of drainage; the kinds of native plants or crops; useful to different groups of users, among them farmers, the kinds of rock; and many facts about the soils. They managers of woodland, engineers, planners, developers dug many holes to expose soil profiles. A profile is the and builders, homebuyers, and those seeking recreation. 1 2 SOIL SURVEY General soil map This association makes up about 2 percent of the coun- ty. The Cainhoy soils make up about 60 percent of this as- The general soil map at the back of this publication sociation, the Pickney soils about 30 percent, and minor shows, in color-, the soil associations in the county. Each soils about 10 percent. soil association is a unique natural landscape. An associa- The Cainhoy soils are somewhat excessively drained tion typically consists of one or more major soils and and have a dark grayish brown fine sand surface layer some minor soils. It is named for the major soils. The underlain by yellowish brown fine sand. They occupy the kinds of soil in one association can occur in other soil as- highest positions in the association. Pickney soils are very sociations but ia a different pattern. poorly drained, have a thick black loamy fine sand surface The map provides a broad perspective of the soils and layer underlain by dark gray fine sand, and occur in low landscapes in the survey area. It provides a basis for wet areas. comparing the potential of large areas for general kinds Minor soils in this association are in the Chipley, of land use. Areas that are generally suitable for certain Echaw, Witherbee, and Leon series. Chipley and Echaw kinds of farming or other land uses can be identified on soils are moderately well drained and occur at lower the map. Likewise, areas of soils having properties that elevations than Cainhoy soils. Witherbee soils are are distinctly unfavorable for certain land uses can be somewhat poorly drained, and Leon soils are poorly located. drained. Both of these soils occur on intermediate posi- Because of its small scale, the map does not show the tions. kind of soil at a specific site. Thus, it is not suitable for Most of the acreage in this association is in woodland. planning the management of a farm or field or for select- Less than 5 percent is cultivated or is in pasture. The ing a site for a road or building or other structure; the Cainhoy and Pickney soils are not productive; therefore, kinds of soils in any one soil association differ from place the. supply of natural food for wildlife is limited. Except to place in slope, depth, stoniness, drainage, or other for a few natural ponds, there are no pond sites in this characteristics that affect their management. association. The general soil map in this survey does not precisely This association is moderately suited to dwellings with join the map in the Soil Survey of Charleston County, onsite sewage disposaL industrial sites, or recreational published in 1971, because of recent refinements in the uses. classification of the soils. Also, this map was made with a 2. Bonneau-Norfolk-Pantego association greater emphasis on landscapes, so as to better reflect Moderately well drained and well drained soils that have the potential of the soils for broad-scale planning. a sandy surface layer and a loamy subsoil, and very The soil associations in Berkeley County have been poorly drained soils that are loamy throughout grouped into four general kinds of landscape for broad in- terpretative purposes. The broad groups and their in- This association consists of nearly level to gently slop- cluded soil associations are described on the following ing, well drained and moderately well drained soils on pages. broad ridges and of very poorly drained soils in drainageways and depressions on lower elevations. It is Dominantly strongly acid, nearly level to dissected by small streams, some of which originate gently sloping soils on ridges and upper slopes within its boundaries. The ridges are along the drainageways and small streams. Toward the These associations are on- broad stream divides. The drainageways ridges have narrow sloping sides that are soils are dominantly strongly acid and moderately well parallel to the flood plains of small streams. This associa- drained. Slopes generally are long and smooth, but a few tion is located north and west of Lake Moultrie. are short and have sharp breaks. Branching drainageways This association makes up about 4 percent of the coun- are throughout these associations. Most of these soils ty. The Bonneau soils make up about 43 percent of the as- have a sandy surface layer and a bright-colored, mottled sociation, the Norfolk soils about 33 percent, the Pantego subsoil. soils about 15 percent, and minor soils the remaining 9 percent. 1. Cainhoy-Pickney association The moderately well drained Bonneau soils and the well Somewhat excessively drained and very poorly drained drained Norfolk soils occupy the highest positions in the soils that are sandy throughout association. Bonneau soils have a loamy sand surface layer and subsurface layer about 22 inches thick and a This association consists of nearly level to gently slop- brownish yellow sandy clay loam subsoil that is mottled ing, somewhat excessively drained soils on broad and nar- with gray and yellowish brown in the lower part. Norfolk row ridges and. very poorly drained soils in small depres- soils have a dark grayish brown loamy sand surface layer sional areas. It is characterized by low ridges that parallel and a yellowish brown sandy,clay loam subsoil. Pantego the coast and is located east of Huger along the county soils are very poorly drained and occur in depressions and line between Charleston and Berkeley Counties. drainageways. They commonly have a black fine sandy BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 3 loam surface layer and a gray sandy clay loam subsoil soils are somewhat poorly drained and occur at inter- with yellow, red, and brown mottles. mediate elevations. They have a black fine sandy loam Minor soils in this association are in the Duplin, surface layer and a yellowish brown and gray sandy clay Lynchburg, Rains, and Coxville series. The moderately loam subsoil. Rains soils are poorly drained and occur in well drained Duplin soils and the somewhat poorly low, flat or depressional, wet areas. They have a black drained Lynchburg soils occur at intermediate elevations. fine sandy loam surface layer and a dominantly gray The poorly drained Rains and Coxville soils occur in oval sandy clay loam subsoil. depressions known as Carolina Bays and in low-lying flat Minor soils in this association are in the Norfolk, Bon- areas. neau, Ocilla, Coxville, Byars, and Pantego series. The well This is an area of intensive farming, with about 50 per- drained Norfolk soils and the moderately well drained cent of the acreage in cultivation. Almost all areas of the Bonneau soils occupy the highest positions in the associa- well drained and moderately well drained soils and a tion. The somewhat poorly drained Ocilla soils occur on large acreage of the somewhat poorly drained soils are intermediate positions. The poorly drained Coxville soils cultivated. Most areas of the poorly drained soils are in and the very poorly drained Byars and Pantego soils woodland. Farms are mainly owner operated and range in occur at the lowest elevations in the association, com- size from 25 to 200 acres. General-type farming is monly along streams or in low, wet, flat areas. predominant. Cotton, corn, soybeans, and a few acreas of The soils of this association are productive if they are tobacco are the main crops. The acreage not cultivated is drained and adequately fertilized. About 15 percent of the in woodland. acreage in this association is cultivated. The remainder is Food and cover are well distributed for quail and rab- in woodland. Most of the farms are owner-operated, and bits, which are numerous. Fall and winter hab itat for the average size ranges from 25 to 75 acres. General-type doves is good. There are some sites suitable for dam-type farming is predominant, and the principal crops are corn ponds or lakes. Some of these are suitable for fishing if and soybeans and a small acreage of tobacco and cotton. managed properly. Most of the acreage not cultivated is in woodland. Most of the soils in this association are suited to The better drained soils are well suited to the develop- dwellings with onsite sewage disposal, industrial sites, or ment of habitat for quail. Cover is well distributed, and recreational uses. The very poorly drained soils are poorly there is a moderate amount of natural food. Only a few suited to these uses. sites are available for dam-type ponds or lakes. 3. Goldsboro-Lynchburg-Rains association Most of the soils in this association are moderately Moderately well drained soils that have a sandy surface suited to poorly suited for dwellings that have onsite layer and a loamy subsoil, and somewhat poorly drained sewage disposal, industrial sites, or recreational uses. and poorly drained soils that are loamy throughout 4. Wahee-Duplin-Lenoir association This association consists of moderately well drained Somewhat poorly drained and moderately well drained soils on broad ridges, somewhat poorly drained soils in soils that have a loamy surface layer and a clayey sub- broad flat areas, and poorly drained soils in depressions soil at lower elevations. The soils are nearly level. It is dis- sected by many small streams, some of which originate This association consists of nearly level, somewhat within its boundary. The higher ridges are along poorly drained soils in broad areas and nearly level to drainageways and small streams. Away from the gently sloping, moderately well drained soils on broad low drainageways, the topography slopes down to depres- ridges. It is dissected by many small streams, some of sional areas that are about midway between the which originate within its boundary. This association is drainageways. Nearer the drainageways the ridges have located east of the Summerville Scarp. narrow sloping sides that are parallel to the flood plains This association makes up about 26 percent of the coun- of the small streams. Areas of poorly drained to very ty. The Wahee soils make up about 25 percent of the as- poorly drained soils along the small streams vary in width sociation, Duplin soils about 23 percent, Lenoir soils about from a few hundred feet to several hundred feet. Areas 11 percent, and minor soils the remaining 41 percent. of this association are located throughout the county. The Wahee and Lenoir soils occupy broad, flat, This association makes up 28 percent of the county. somewhat poorly drained areas below the moderately well Goldsboro soils make up about 32 percent of the associa- drained Duplin soils. Wahee soils have a very dark gray tion, Lynchburg soils about 11 percent, Rains soils about loam surface layer and a gray silty clay subsoil with 10 percent, and minor soils the remaining 47 percent. brown, yellow, and red mottles. Duplin soils have a gray- The Goldsboro soils are moderately well drained and ish brown fine sandy loam surface layer and a yellowish occupy the better drained positions in the association. brown clay subsoil that is mottled with gray in the lower They have a very dark grayish brown loamy sand surface part. Lenoir soils have a black fine sandy loam surface layer and a yellowish brown sandy clay loam subsoil that layer and a gray clay subsoil with brown and yellow mot- has gray mottles below a depth of 24 inches. Lynchburg tles. 4 SOIL SURVEY Minor soils in this association are in the Caroline, Most of the acreage in this association is in woodland. Craven, Rains, Bethera, and Meggett series. Caroline soils Less than 1 percent is cultivated or in pasture. The are well drained and occupy the highest positions in the Chipley and Echaw soils are productive under a high association. Craven soils are moderately well drained and level of management. Pickney soils are not productive; occur on positions similar to those of Duplin soils. The therefore, the supply of natural food for wildlife is poorly drained Rains, Bethera, and Meggett soils occur on limited. Except for a few natural ponds, there are no the lowest elevations in the association, commonly along suitable sites for ponds in this association. streams or in low flat areas. Most of the soils in this association are poorly suited Most of the acreage in this association is in woodland. for dwellings that have onsite sewage disposal, industrial A large part of this association is in Francis Marion Na- sites, or recreational uses. tional Forest. Less than 5 percent is cultivated or is in pasture. These soils are productive if they are adequately Dominantly strongly acid, nearly level soils drained and fertilized. Farms generally are less than 50 on lower slopes and low-lying flats acres in size. General-type farming is carried on by the owner or by tenant operators. Corn, soybeans, and These soil associations are on broad low flats and in pasture grasses are the principal crops. low-lying areas. Most of the soils have restricted This association provides favorable habitat for deer and drainage. Slopes are dominantly less than 1 percent. turkey. It is well suited to quail because food patches Drainage patterns are poorly defined, and some areas are have been planted throughout the area. Both food and ponded. These soils generally have a sandy or loamy sur- cover are ample for rabbits, which are numerous. There face layer and subsoil dominated by grayish colors or con- are some desirable sites that can be developed to provide taining many grayish mottles. habitat for ducks. Most of the soils in this association are poorly suited 6- Rains-Pantego association for dwellings with onsite sewage disposal, industrial sites, Poorly drained and very poorly drained soils that are or recreational uses. loamy throughout 5. Chipley-Echaw-Pickney association This association consists of broad areas of nearly level Moderately well drained and very poorly drained soils and depressional soils. It is west of the Summerville that are sandy throughout Scarp in the Mesquite Bay and Black Tom Bay area. The drainage pattern in this area generally is poorly This association consists of nearly level soils on long, developed. narrow to broad ridges in areas roughly parallel with the This association makes up about 3 percent of the coun- coastline. This association is located in the southeastern ty. The Rains soils make up about 42 percent of the as- portion of the county. sociation, Pantego soils about 28 percent, and minor soils This association makes up about 6 percent of the coun- the remaining 30 percent. ty. The Chipley soils make up about 30 percent of this as- The Rains soils are poorly drained and occupy low, flat, sociation, Echaw soils about 20 percent, Pickney soils depressional areas. They have a black fine sandy loam about 16 percent, and minor soils the remaining 34 per- surface layer and gray sandy clay loam subsoil with cent. brown and yellow mottles. Pantego soils are very poorly The Chipley and Echaw soils are moderately well drained and occur at the lowest elevations in this associa- drained and occupy the highest positions in the associa- tion. They have a black fine sandy loam surface layer and tion. Chipley soils have a black fine sand surface layer a dominantly gray sandy clay loam subsoil. and a yellowish brown fine sand subsoil with gray mot- Minor soils in this association are in the Goldsboro, tles. Echaw soils have a very dark brown loamy sand sur- Lynchburg, and Meggett series. The moderately well face layer and a loamy sand subsurface layer that is yel- drained Goldsboro soils and the somewhat poorly drained lowish brown in the upper part and dominantly light Lynchburg soils occupy the highest positions in this as- brownish gray in the lower part. About 40 inches from sociation. The poorly drained Meggett soils occupy the the surface there is a slightly brittle dark brown sand same positions in this association as the Rains soils. horizon about 10 inches thick over loose sand. Pickney Most of the acreage in this association is in woodland. soils are very poorly drained and occur on the lowest The soils in this association have a high water table, but positions in the association. They have a thick black loamy they are productive if they are adequately drained and fine sand surface layer over dark gray fine sand. fertilized. Less than 1 percent of the acreage is cultivated Minor soils in this associaton are in the Lynchburg, or in pasture. Most of this association is owned by cor- Rains, Leon, and Pamlico series. The somewhat poorly porations or individuals engaged in production of pulp- drained Lynchburg soils and the poorly drained Rains and wood, sawtimber, and veneer. Most of this association has Leon soils occur at intermediate elevations. The very been cleared and planted to pine trees. poorly drained Pamlico soils occupy positions similar to This association provides favorable habitat for deer. those of the Pickney soils. The quail population would greatly increase if food BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 5 patches were planted throughout the area. Both food and most of the area is in Ferguson Bay. The major drainage cover are ample for rabbits. pattern in this area generally is poorly developed. Because of a seasonal high water table, most of this as- This association makes up about 2 percent of the coun- sociation is poorly suited for dwellings with onsite sewage ty. The Byars soils make up about 43 percent of this as- disposal, industrial sites, or recreational uses. sociation, Coxville soils about 37 percent, and minor soils the remaining 20 percent. 7. Bethera-Bayboro-Pantego association The Byars soils are very poorly drained and occur on Poorly drained and very poorly drained soils that have a the lowest positions in flat areas, drainageways, and oval loamy surface layer and a clayey subsoil, and very depressions known as Carolina Bays. Byars soils have a poorly drained soils that are loamy throughout black loam surface layer and a dark gray clay subsoil. Coxville soils are poorly drained and occupy depressional This association consists of broad areas of nearly level areas. Coxville soils commonly have a very dark gray fine to depressional soils. This association is east of Moncks sandy loam surface layer and a dominantly gray sandy Corner, and most of the area is in Hellhole and Walleye clay subsoil. Bays. The drainage pattern in this area generally is Minor soils in this association are in the Goldsboro, poorly developed. Lynchburg, Lenoir, and Ocilla series. The moderately well This association makes up about 6 percent of the coun- drained Goldsboro soils and the somewhat poorly drained ty. The Bethera soils make up about 35 percent of this as- Lynchburg, Lenoir, and Ocilla soils occupy the highest sociation, Bayboro soils about 22 percent, Pantego soils positions in the association. about 20 percent, and minor soils the remaining 23 per- Most of the acreage in this association is in woodland. cent. Less than 1 percent is cultivated or is in pasture. The The Bethera soils are poorly drained and occupy low, soils in this association have a high water table, but with flat, depressional areas. Bethera soils have a very dark adequate drainage they are suited to timber. Most of this gray and dark gray loam surface layer and a gray clay association has been cleared and planted to pine trees. subsoil with brown and red mottles. Bayboro and Pantego This association provides favorable habitat for deer. soils are very poorly drained and occur at the lowest The quail population would greatly increase if food elevations in the association. Bayboro soils ha-@e a black patches were planted throughout the area. Both food and loam surface layer and a dominantly gray clay subsoil. cover are ample for rabbits. Pantego soils have a black fine sandy loam surface layer Because of a seasonal high water table and slow and a dominantly gray sandy clay loam subsoil. permeability, most of this association is poorly suited for Minor soils in this association are in the Craven, dwellings with onsite sewage disposal, industrial sites, or Wahee, Meggett, Lenoir, and Pamlico series. The recreational uses. moderately well drained Craven soils and the somewhat poorly drained Wahee and Lenoir soils occupy the highest Dominantly medium acid, nearly level soils positions in the association. The poorly drained Meggett on flood plains soils occupy similar positions in this association to the Bethera soils. The very poorly drained Pamlico soils occur These soil associations are on flood plains of rivers. The on the lowest positions along with Bayboro and Pantego soils are somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained. soils. Drainage patterns are very poorly defined. These soils Most of the acreage in this association is in woodland. are frequently flooded, and some have water over the Less than 1 percent is cultivated or in pasture. This as- surface most of the time. sociation has a high water table, but with adequate drainage these soils are suited to timber. 9. Tawcaw-Chastain association This association provides favorable habitat for deer. Somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained soils that The quail population would greatly increase if food have a loamy surface layer and a clayey subsoil patches were planted throughout the area. Both food and cover are ample for all small game. This association consists of nearly level soils on the Because of a seasonal high water table and slow flood plains of the Santee River at the northern edge of permeability, most of this association is poorly suited for the county. These soils formed in recent alluvium washed dwellings with onsite sewage disposal, industrial sites, or from the Piedmont and Coastal Plain uplands. recreational uses. This association makes up about 6 percent of the coun- ty. Tawcaw soils make up about 80 percent of the associa- 8. Byars-Coxville association tion, Chastain soils about 12 percent, and minor soils the Very poorly drained and poorly drained soils that have a remaining 8 percent. loamy surface layer and a clayey subsoil Tawcaw soils are somewhat poorly drained and occur on the higher positions in the association. They have a This association consists of broad areas of nearly level dark brown clay loam surface layer and a brown clay to depressional soils. It is west of Moncks Corner, and loam subsoil with gray mottles. Chastain soils are poorly 6 SOIL SURVEY drained and occur on the lowest positions in the associa- of pine is excellent to poor, depending upon the water tion. They have a dark gray silty clay loam surface layer regime at any given site; with water management, how- and a gray silty clay subsoil. ever, pine is well suited. In past years, large areas were Minor soils occur in narrow strips along the Santee used for rice production. A small acreage has been River, and they are better drained than Tawcaw soils. drained and cleared and is used for pasture. This association is frequently flooded. Consequently, it This association provides favorable habitat for deer and is not suited to either cultivated crops or pasture. The en- all small game. Sites for woodland duck and fishing ponds tire acreage is in hardwoods. Some of the acreage is are numerous, but water control measures are necessary owned by general farm operators and hunting clubs, but for their management. most of the acreage is owned by commercial producers of Because of wetness and slow permeability this associa- pulpwood, sawth-nber, and veneer. tion is unsuited for dwellings with onsite sewage disposal, This association provides excellent habitat for deer and industrial sites, or recreational uses. fairly good habitat for squirrels. Some wild turkeys are in this area. Sites for woodland duck ponds are numerous, 11- Bohicket-Capers association but water control measures are necessary for their Very poorly drained soils that have a loamy surface management. layer and a clayey subsoil Because of frequent flooding, this association is un- suited for dwellings with onsite sewage disposal, industri- This association consists of broad, nearly level areas al sites, or recreational uses. that are intricately dissected by meandering drainageways and flooded by tidewater. Most of the area Dominantly nonacid, nearly level soils on is near mean sea level, but elevation ranges from about 5 low-lying flats and in drainageways and feet above sea level to 3 feet below. marsh areas This association makes up about 4 percent of the coun- ty. The Bohicket soils make up 52 percent of this associa- These soil associations are in broad and narrow, low- tion, Capers soils about 16 percent, and minor soils the lying drainageways and marsh areas. The soils are poorly remaining 32 percent. drained to very poorly drained. Drainage patterns are The Bohicket soils are very poorly drained and occur on well defined. Marsh areas are dissected by meandering tidal flats between the ocean and uplands and along tidal drainageways and are flooded by tidewater. These soils streams. Bohicket soils are flooded with water to a depth generally have a loamy surface layer and dominantly have of 6 to 36 inches twice daily. Bohicket soils, if allowed to grayish colors below the surface layer. air-dry for a period of 30 days or more, become extremely acid. They have a dark gray silty clay loam surface layer 10. Meggett association and a very dark gray silty clay subsoil. Capers soils are Poorly drained soils that have a loamy surface layer and very poorly drained and occur inland on the upper end of a clayey subsoil drainageways. These soils, like Bohicket soils, become ex- tremely acid if allowed to air-dry. They have a dark gray This association consists of broad and narrow, low-lying loam surface layer and a greenish gray clay subsoil with drainageways and depressions throughout the county. The olive mottles. drainage patterns are well defined. Minor in this association are the Meggett and Santee This association makes up about 13 percent of the coun- soils; Aquic Udifluvents; and Udorthents. The poorly ty. The Meggett soils make up about 75 percent of this drained Meggett soils and the very poorly drained Santee association, and minor soils the remaining 25 percent. soils usually occur as small islands that occupy the The Meggett soils are poorly drained and occur in low highest positions in the association. Aquic Udifluvents flat areas and in drainageways. They have a dark gray and Udorthents consist largely of fill material from loam surface layer and a gray clay subsoil that is mottled dredging operations adjacent to the Cooper and Wando with shades of brown, yellow, and red. Rivers. Minor soils in this association are in the Lenoir, Wahee, Most of the acreage in this association is in marshgrass Santee, Bethera, Coxville, Byars, and Bayboro series. The and is not suited to cultivated crops, improved pasture, or somewhat poorly drained Lenoir and Wahee soils occupy trees. This association is mainly suitable for natural the highest positions in the association. The poorly recreational uses such as fishing and hunting. A few scat- drained Bethera and Coxville soils occupy similar posi- tered areas where the surface is firm can be used for tions to the Meggett soils. The very poorly drained Byars pasture. and Bayboro soils occur on the lowest positions along This association provides excellent habitat for water- with the Santee soils. fowl. Sites for duck and fish ponds are numerous, but Most of this association is in woodland that consists of water control measures are necessary for their manage- hardwoods and pine. Because of the high content of calci- ment. um and phosphorus below the surface layer, this associa- Because of frequent flooding by tidal water, this as- tion is well suited for production of hardwood. Suitability sociation is unsuited for dwellings, sewage disposal, indus- BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 7 trial sites, or recreational uses other than fishing and similar in all areas. Chipley-Echaw complex is an exam- hunting. ple. A soil association is made up of soils that are geo- graphically associated and are shown as one unit on the Descriptions of the soils map because it is not practical to separate them. A soil This section describes each soil series in detail and association has considerable regularity in geographic pat- then, briefly, each mapping unit in that series. Unless tern and in the kinds of soil that are a part of it. The ex- stated otherwise, what is stated about the soil series tent of the soils can differ appreciably from one delinea- holds true for the mapping units in that series. Thus, to tion to another; nevertheless, interpretations can be made get full information about any one mapping unit, it is for use and management of the soils. Capers association is necessary to read both the description of the mapping an example. unit and the description of the soil series to which it be- Most mapping units include small, scattered areas of longs. soils other than those that appear in the name of the The descriptions together with the soil maps can be mapping unit. Some of these soils have properties that useful in determining the potential of a soil and in manag- differ substantially from those of the dominant soil or ing it for food and fiber production; in planning land use soils and thus could significantly affect use and manage- and developing soil resources; and in enhancing, protect- ment of the mapping unit. These soils are described in the ing, and preserving the environment. More information description of each mapping unit. Some of the more for each soil is given in the section "Use and management unusual or strongly contrasting soils that are included are of the soils." identified by a special symbol on the soil map. The mapping units on the detailed soil maps represent Most mapped areas include places that have little or no an area on the landscape made up mostly of the soil or soil material and support little or no vegetation. Such soils for which the unit is named. Most of the delineations places are called miscellaneous areas; they are delineated shown on the detailed soil map are phases of soil series. on the soil map and given descriptive names. Borrow pits Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a is an example. Some of these areas are too small to be soil series. A soil profile is the sequence of horizons, or delineated and are identified by a special symbol on the layers, from the surface down to rock or other underlying soil map. material. Except for allowable differences in texture of Not all mapping units are members of a soil series. the surface layer or of the underlying substratum, all the Aquic Udifluvents, for example, do not belong to a soil se- In ries; nevertheless, they are listed in alphabetic order soils of a series have major horizons that are similar i along with the soil series. composition, thickness, and arrangement in the profile. A The acreage and proportionate extent of each mapping soil series commonly is named for a town or geographic unit are given in table 1, and additional information on feature near the place where a soil of that series was properties, limitations, capabilities, and potentials for first observed and mapped. many soil uses is given for each kind of soil in other ta- The soil profile is an important part of the description bles in this survey. (See "Summary of Tables.") Many of of each soil series. The profile of each series is described the terms used in describing soils are defined in the Glos- twice. The first description is brief and in terms familiar sary, and more detailed information about the terminolo- to a layman. The second is more detailed and is for those gy and methods of soil mapping can be obtained from the who need to make thorough and precise studies of soils. Soil Survey Manual (7). Color terms are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface Aquic Udifluvents layer or the underlying substratum and in slope, erosion, stoniness, salinity, wetness, or other characteristic that These soils are nearly level, deep, and somewhat poorly affects the use of the soils. On the basis of such dif- drained. They formed in mildly alkaline or moderately al- ferences, a soil series is divided into phases. The name of kaline fine material that was pumped in from the Wando a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use and Cooper Rivers. or management. For example, Meggett loam is one of the No one profile represents this mapping unit, but one of phases within the Meggett series. the more common ones has a surface layer of very dark Some mapping units are made up of two or more domi- grayish brown silt loam about 5 inches thick. The underly- nant kinds of soil. Two such kinds of mapping units are ing material extends to a depth of more than 65 inches. In shown on the soil map of this survey area: soil complexes sequence from the top, the upper 11 inches is very dark and associations. grayish brown clay, the next 13 inches is mottled dark A soil complex consists of areas of two or more soils grayish brown clay, the next 29 inches is mottled black that are so intricately mixed or so small in size that they clay, and the lower 7 inches is mottled dark greenish gray cannot be shown separately on the soil map. Each area of and greenish gray silty clay. a complex includes some of each of the two or more domi- Aquic Udifluvents have slow permeability. Surface ru- nant soils, and the pattern and proportion are somewhat noff is very slow, and available water capacity is high. 8 SOIL SURVEY A profile of Aquic.Udifluvents, about 25 miles south of Permeability is slow. Surface runoff is very slow, and Moncks Corner on Secondary State Highway 33 and 0.6 available water capacity is high. mile east of the Cooper River: Typical profile of Bayboro loam, approximately 20 miles Ap-0 to 5 inches, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; weak southeast of Moncks Corner, 0.6 mile east of S. C. fine prismatic and angular blocky structure; friable; moderately al- Highway 41 on Northampton road, approximately 230 kaline, pH 8.0; abrupt smooth boundary. yards north of road: CIg-5 to 16 inches, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay; few fine distinct reddish brown mottles; massive; firm; moderately alkaline, A1-0 to 10 inches, black (N 2/0) loam; weak fine granular structure; fri- pH 8.0; clear smooth boundary. able; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; clear C2g-16 to 29 inches, dark grayish brown (2.6Y 4/2) clay; common medi- smooth boundary. um distinct black (N 2/0) mottles and few fine distinct strong brown Blg-10 to 22 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam; few fine faint mottles; massive; firm; moderately alkaline, pH 8.4; gradual irregu- brownish yellow mottles; weak medium subangular blocky struc- lar boundary. ture; firm, sticky and plastic; patchy faint clay films on faces of C3g-29 to 40 inches, black (N 2/0) clay; common fine distinct dark peds; common fine and medium roots; tongues and streaks of black grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) mottles; massive; firm, sticky and plastic; organic matter from A horizon; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; gradual moderately alkaline, pH 8.4; gradual irregular boundary. smooth boundary. C4g-40 to 58 inches, black (N 2/0) clay; common fine distinct olive gray B21tg-22 to 35 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; common medium distinct (5Y 4/2) mottles; massive; firm, sticky and plastic; moderately al- yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular kaline, pH 8.4; clear wavy boundary. blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; patchy faint clay films on C5g-58 to 65 inches, mottled dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) and faces of peds; few medium roots; very strongly acid, pH 5.0; gradual greenish gray (5GY 5/1) silty clay; massive; firm, sticky and plastic; smooth boundary. moderately alkaline, pH 8.4. B22tg-35 to 42 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; many medium The profile is mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline throughout. distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and brown (10YR 3/3) mottles; The A horizon is 3 to 5 inches thick. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky and Organic matter content ranges from 15 to 20 percent. plastic; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid, The C horizon is silty clay or clay. pH 5.0; gradual smooth boundary. B3g-42 to 60 inches, mottled dark gray (10YR 4/1), gray (10YR 5/1), AU-Aquic Udifluvents. These soils formed in material and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay; weak medium subangular pumped out of the Cooper and Wando Rivers. blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; very strongly acid, pH 5.0. Most of the acreage of these soils is in cultivation. The The solum, is more than 60 inches thick. The profile is strongly acid or principal crops are soybeans, corn, wheat, bahiagrass, and very strongly acid throughout. Coastal bermudagrass. The A horizon ranges from 9 to 14 inches in thickness. It is very dark These soils can be cultivated only within a narrow gray or black. range of moisture content. The 131 horizon, where present, is 3 to 12 inches thick. It is dark gray- Row crops can be grown each year, but drainage and ish brown, gray, dark gray, or very dark gray. The 132t horizon is 19 other conservation practices are necessary to maintain inches to more than 45 inches thick. It is dark gTay, gray, light gray, or good tilth and yields. Much of the acreage of these soils is very dark gray and has few to many mottles in various shades of brown, subject to occasional or frequent flooding. Open-ditch yellow, ani red. The texture is clay or clay loam. The B3 horizon is light gray, grayish brown, gray, or dark gray clay or sandy clay 3 to 26 inches drainage is the most common method of removing excess in thickness. It commonly is mottled with brownish yellow, yellowish water from these soils. Natural fertility is high, and red, strong brown, and very dark reddish brown. response to fertilizer is good. Capability unit IIIw-3; Ba-Bayboro loam. This soil is in nearly level and woodland group 2w8. slightly depressional areas east of the Summerville Scarp. Bayboro series Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Pickney, Pantego, Rains, Bethera, Meggett, and Santee The soils of tile Bayboro series are nearly level, deep, soils. Also included are a few areas that have a fine sandy and very poorly drained. They formed in clayey Coastal loam surface layer. Plain sediment. Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. A few In a typical profile the surface layer is black loan, areas are in pasture and cultivated crops. Principal cul- about 10 inches thick. The next layer extends to a depth tivated crops are corn and soybeans. Much of this soil is of more than 60 inches. In sequence from the top, the subject to occasional or frequent flooding. upper 12 inches is dark gray, firm, plastic clay loam; the Extensive surface drainage systems are necessary next 13 inches is mottled, gray, firm, plastic clay; the next when this soil is used for crops or pasture. The water 7 inches is mottled, dark gray, firm, plastic clay; and the table is at or near the surface about 6 months yearly. lower 18 inches is mottled gray, dark gray, and brownish Capability units VIw-1, undrained, and IIIw-2, drained; yellow, firm, plastic clay. woodland group 2w9. Bayboro soils occur with Pantego, Bethera, Meggett, Craven, Duplin, Goldsboro, Lenoir, Lynchburg, Wahee, Bethera Series and Rains soils. Bayboro soils have a finer textured sub- soil than Pantego soils. The other associated soils have a The soils of the Bethera series are nearly level, deep, black or very dark gray surface layer less than 10 inches, and poorly drained. They formed in clayey Coastal Plain and they are better drained than Bayboro soils. sediment. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 9 In a typical profile the surface layer is very dark gray Be-Bethera loam. This soil is on broad, low flats and and dark gray loam about 4 inches thick. The subsurface in depressional areas east of the Summerville Scarp. layer is gray loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of mottled, gray, firm, plastic clay about 61 inches thick. The Bayboro, Pantego, Rains, Wahee, and Lenoir soils and underlying material, to a depth of more than 94 inches, is some areas of soils that have a fine sandy loam or clay mottled, light brownish gray, gray, and light gray clay. loam surface layer. Also included are a few small areas Bethera soils occur with Bayboro, Santee, Pantego, where clay content decreases by 20 percent or more Rains, Lenoir, Wahee, and Meggett soils. Bethera soils within 60 inches of the surface. are better drained than Bayboro, Santee, and Pantego Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. A small soils. Bethera soils have a finer textured subsoil than percentage is in row crops or pasture grasses. The prin- Rains soils. Bethera soils are more poorly drained than cipal crops are soybeans, corn, pasture, hay, and small Lenoir and Wahee soils. Bethera soils have a more acid grain. subsoil than Meggett soils. Surface drainage systems are necessary if this soil is Bethera soils have slow or moderately slow permeabili- used for cropland or pasture. Much of the acreage of this ty. Surface runoff is slow, and available water capacity is soil is subject to occasional or frequent flooding. The high. water table is at or near the surface for 3 to 5 months in Typical profile of Bethera loam, about 13 miles most years. Capability units IIIw-2, drained, and IVw-2, northeast of Moneks Corner, 3.7 miles southeast of undrained; woodland group 2w9. Macedonia on South Carolina Secondary Highway 48, 100 feet northeast of highway: Bohicket series A11-0 to 2 inches, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam; moderate fine The soils of the Bohicket series are deep and very granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; extremely acid, pH 4.3; abrupt wavy boundary. poorly drained. They formed in clayey marine sediment A12-2 to 4 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak fine granular on level tidal flats. structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; few fine pores; ex- In a typical profile the surface layer is dark gray silty tremely acid, pH 4A; abrupt wavy boundary. ine granular structure; A2-4 to 7 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) loam; weak fl clay loam about 16 inches thick. The underlying material friable; many fine roots; many fine pores; very strongly acid, pH extends to a depth of more than 60 inches. The upper 10 4.6; abrupt wavy boundary. inches is very dark gray silty clay loam, the next 10 inches BIg-7 to 10 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; few fine faint is very dark gray silty clay, and the lower 24 inches is gray mottles and common fine distinct brownish yellow mottles; dark brown silty clay that has very dark gray mottles. weak fine angular blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; few fine pores; Bohicket soils occur with Capers, Meggett, Santee, and very strongly acid, pH 4.6; clear wavy boundary. Chastain soils. Bohicket and Capers soils contain sulfur, B22tg-10 to 41 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; common medium distinct which is not present in the other soils. Bohicket soils are brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles and common medium prominent flooded twice daily to a depth of 6 to 36 inches, but red (2.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; patchy distinct clay films on faces of peds; Capers soils are not. few fine roots; few fine pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; abrupt ir- Bohicket soils have very slow permeability. Surface ru- regular boundary. noff is ponded, and available water capacity is high. B22tg-41 to 68 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; many medium distinct Typical profile of Bohicket silty clay loam in an area of brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; moderate fine angular blocky Bohicket association, 6,700 feet southeast of Bushy Park structure; firm, sticky and plastic; patchy distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; few fine pores; very strongly acid, pH Dam and 300 feet east of the Cooper River: 4.6; gradual wavy boundary. Cg-68 to 94 inches, mottled light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), gray (5Y 01-4 inches to 0, partially decomposed live and dead roots. 6/1), and light gray (10YR 7/1) clay; massive; firm, sticky and Alg-0 to 16 inches, dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; massive; strong plastic; extremely acid, pH 4.3; clear smooth boundary. fine angular blocky structure when dry; sticky; many medium and large pithy fibrous roots constituting 60 percent of mass, by The solum is 60 inches to more than 80 inches thick. The profile is volume; when squeezed, flows easily between fingers and leaves strongly acid to extremely acid throughout. small amount of residue in hand; slightly acid, pH 6A; gradual wavy The A horizon is 3 to 15 inches thick. The Al horizon is 3 to 8 inches boundary. thick. It is very dark gray, dark gray, black, or very dark grayish Clg-16 to 26 inches, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam; mas- brown. The A2 horizon, where present, is 3 to 9 inches thick. It is dark sive; sticky; many medium and large pithy fibrous roots constituting gray, gray, light brownish gray, or light gray. 40 percent of mass, by volume; when squeezed, flows easily The Bl horizon, where present, is 3 to 8 inches thick. It is gray or between fingers and leaves small amount of residue in hand; grayish brown and has few to many mottles in various shades of brown neutral, pH 7.0; gradual wavy boundary. and yellow. It is sandy clay or clay loam. The B2t horizon is 37 to 58 C2g-26 to 36 inches, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay; massive; inches thick. It is light gray, grayish brown, light brownish gray, gray, sticky; many fine and medium pithy fibrous roots constituting 30 or dark gray and has common to many mottles in various shades of yel- percent of mass, by volume; when squeezed, flows easily between low, brown, and red. It is clay, sandy clay, or clay loam. The B3 horizon, fingers and leaves small amount of residue in hand; neutral, pH 7.1; where present, is 11 to 30 inches thick. It is gray, light gray, or grayish gradual wavy boundary. brown and has few to many mottles in various shades of brown, yellow, C3g-36 to 60 inches, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silty clay; common coarse and red. It is sandy clay loam or sandy clay. faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) mottles; massive; sticky; many The C horizon is light gray, gray, grayish brown, light brownish gray, medium and large pithy fibrous roots constituting 75 percent of greenish gray, or light greenish gray sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or mass, by volume; when squeezed, flows easily between fingers and clay. leaves small amount of residue in hand; mildly alkaline, pH 7.8. 10 SOIL SURVEY This profile is slightly acid to moderately alkaline throughout. Pale A22-7 to 22 inches, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loamy sand; weak yellow sulphur compounds are common on the surface of peds after air- fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium drying for 30 days or more, and after this time the soil is extremely roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; abrupt wavy boundary. acid. The N value within the upper 40 inches of the surface is I or more. B21t-22 to 27 inches, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; weak The A horizon is dark gray or very dark gray. The A horizon has coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; sand grains coated many, fine to large, pithy, fibrous roots that constitute 30 to 60 percent and bridged; few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear wavy boun- of the mass, by volume. dary. The C horizon is dark gray, very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, B22t-27 to 40 inches, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; or dark brown silty clay or silty clay loam. Many, medium and large, common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak pithy, fibrous roots constitute 30 to 90 pere@nt of the mass by volume. coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and BH-Bohicket association. These soils are on nearly bridged; few fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 5.0; clear wavy boundary. level tidal flats near the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent to B23t-40 to 50 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; Wando and Cooper Rivers. The soils were mapped at a many medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) mottles and common medi- lower intensity than were those of most other units in um faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; weak coarse su- this survey area. bangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; Included with this association in mapping are a few few fine roots with few white sand grains in old root holes; very strongly acid, pH 4.9; clear wavy boundary. small, irregularly shaped islands of Capers, Meggett, and B24t-50 to 74 inches, mottled light gray (10YR 6/1) and yellowish Santee soils; Udifluvents; and Udorthents. brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky Bohicket soils are very unstable and have low bearing structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; very strongly strength. These soils are flooded twice daily and are acid, pH 4.8. covered by 6 to 36 inches of saltwater at high tide. The solum ranges from 60 inches to more than 80 inches in thickness. All of the acreage of these soils is in marsh vegetation The profile is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout. consisting of smooth cordgrass, needlegrass, and big The A horizon is 21 to 37 inches thick. The Al or Ap horizon is 3 to 9 cordgrass. Capability unit VIIIw-1; not placed in woodland inches thick and is very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, very dark gray, dark gray, grayish brown, very dark brown, dark brown, or group. olive brown. The A2 horizon is 13 to 31 inches thick and is light yel- lowish brown,. yellowish brown, brownish yellow, pale yellow, olive yel- Bonneau series low, light olive brown, or pale brown. The B1 horizon, where present, is 3 to 9 inches thick. It is light yel- The soils of the Bonneau series are nearly level to lowish brown or yellowish brown fine sandy loam or sandy loam. The gently sloping, deep, and moderately well drained. They B2t horizon is 20 inches to more than 50 inches thick. The upper part of formed in loamy Coastal Plain sediment. the 132t horizon commonly is sandy clay loam, but in places it is sandy In a typical profile the surface layer is very dark gray- loam and fine sandy loam. It is brownish yellow, yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, yellow, light olive brown, or strong brown. The lower ish brown loamy sand about 3 inches thick. The subsur- part of the B2t horizon commonly is sandy clay loam, but in places it is face layer is light yellowish brown loamy sand about 19 sandy loam and sandy clay. It has the same matrix colors as the upper inches thick. The next layer extends to a depth of more part of the 132t horizon and is commonly mottled with shades of gray, than 74 inches. In sequence from the top, the upper 5 brown, red, and yellow. Mottles that have chroma of 2 or less occur inches is brownish yellow, very friable sandy loam; the between depths of 30 and 60 inches. next 13 inches is brownish yellow, friable sandy clay BoA-Bonneau loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes. loam; the next 10 inches is yellowish brown, friable sandy This nearly level soil occurs on broad ridges. It has the clay loam that has gray and dark yellowish brown mot- profile described as representative for the series. tles; and the lower 24 inches is mottled light gray and Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of yellowish brown, friable sandy clay loam. Lucy, Norfolk, Cainhoy, Goldsboro, Ocilla, and Chipley Bormeau soils occur with Lucy, Ocilla, Norfolk, Gold- soils; some areas that have a combined surface layer and sboro, Caroline, and Cainhoy soils. Bonneau soils are subsurface layer more than 40 inches thick; and areas better drained than Ocilla soils. Bonneau soils have a that have more than 35 percent clay in the upper 20 thicker surface layer than Norfolk, Goldsboro, and inches of the subsoil. There are a few included areas that Caroline soils. Bonneau soils have a finer textured B have slopes of 2 to 6 percent.Also included are some areas horizon than Cainhoy soils. of soils in which the clay content decreases by more than Permeability is rapid in the surface layer and subsur- 20 percent within 60 inches of the surface and some areas face layer and moderate in the subsoil. Surface runoff is that have a loamy fine sand and fine sand surface layer slow, and available water capacity is low. and subsurface layer. Typical profile of Bonneau loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent About 60 percent of the acreage of this soil is in slopes, about 3.5 miles east of Bormeau and 100 feet south woodland. The remainder is under cultivation or in of State Secondary Highway 447: pasture. The principal crops are cotton, corn, soybeans, A1-0 to 3 inches, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) loamy sand; weak bahiagrass, and Coastal bermudagrass. fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; Soil blowing is a hazard and maintaining organic matter very strongly acid, pH 4.5; abrupt wavy boundary. is a concern when this soil is used for row crops. Wind A21-3 to 7 inches, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loamy sand; com- stripcropping, cover crops, and crop rotations that include mon fine faint very dark grayish brown mottles; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly very frequent crops of perennial grasses and legumes are acid, pH 5.0; abrupt wavy boundary. needed to control erosion and replenish organic matter. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA Rye has proved to be excellent for wind striperopping Byars series systems and as a cover crop where cultivated crops are grown. Because they leach rapidly, fertilizers and lime are The soils of the Byars series are nearly level, deep, and more efficiently used on this soil if they are applied very poorly drained. They formed in clayey Coastal Plain sediment. frequently but in smaller amounts. Capability unit Hs-6; In a typical profile the surface layer is black loam woodland group W. about 5 inches thick. The next layer is about 59 inches BoB-Bonneau loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes. thick. The upper 11 inches is black, friable clay loam; the This gently sloping soil is on broad ridges and on narrow next 24 inches is dark gray, firm clay; and the lower 24 slopes parallel to streams and drainageways. inches is mottled, dark gray, firm clay. The underlying Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of material to a depth of 100 inches is mottled, light olive Lucy, Cainhoy, and Norfolk soils; a few small areas of gray clay. soils that have slopes of more than 6 percent or slopes of Byars soils occur with Coxville, Lenoir, Duplin, less than 2 percent; and some areas that have sandy sur- Lynchburg, Rains, and Pantego soils. Byars soils are more face and subsurface layers more than 40 inches thick and poorly drained than all of the associated soils except Pan- have more than 35 percent clay in the upper 20 inches of tego soils. Byars soils have a finer textured subsoil than the subsoil. Also included are some areas of soils in which Pantego soils. the clay content decreases by more than 20 percent Byars soils have slow permeability. Surface runoff is within 60 inches of the surface and some areas that have very slow to ponded, and available water capacity is high. a loamy fine sand and fine sand surface layer and subsur- Typical profile of Byars loam; 6 miles southwest of face layer. Moncks Corner; from the intersections of State Seconda- ry Highways 291 and 16, 4,350 feet southwest on State Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland, and the Secondary Highway 16; 450 feet north of road: remainder is in row crops and pasture grasses. Principal AI-0 to 5 inches, black (N 2/0) loam; weak fine granular structure; crops are corn, soybeans, bahiagrass, and Coastal bermu- very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, pH dagrass. Conservation practices that aid in controlling 4.5; clear smooth boundary. erosion should be used if this soil is planted to row crops BIg-5 to 16 inches, black (10YR 2/1) clay loam; weak fine subangular for a long period of time. blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; pH 4.5; clear smooth boundary. Because of leaching, fertilizer and lime are more effi- B21tg-16 to 26 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; moderate medium ciently used on this soil if they are applied frequently but subangular blocky structure; firm; patchy faint clay films on faces in smaller amounts. Bahiagrass or Coastal bermudagrass of peds; common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; clear smooth boundary. in rotation with row crops is excellent for maintaining or- B22tg-26 to 40 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; few fine faint dark ganic matter content and good tilth and providing protec- yellowish brown and light gray mottles; moderate medium subangu- tion from soil blowing. Soil blowing can also be reduced lar blocky structure; firm; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; by alternating close-growing and clean-tilled crops in very strongly acid, pH 5.0; clear smooth boundary. B23tg-40 to 56 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; many coarse distinct strips at right angles to the prevailing winds. Rye is ex- strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; few coarse faint light gray cellent to use in these close-growing strips. Capability (10YR 7/1) mottles, and few medium faint dark yellowish brown unit IIs-6; woodland group W. (10YR 3/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear smooth boundary. Borrow pits B3g-56 to 64 inches, mottled dark gray (10YR 4/1), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and light gray (5Y 7/2) clay; weak medium subangular Bp-Borrow pits. These miscellaneous areas consist of blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear smooth boundary. open excavations in areas where the surface layer and Clg-64 to 84 inches, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) clay; few coarse faint subsoil have been removed. The larger pits in Berkeley greenish gray (5G 6/1) mottles, many coarse distinct dark gray County are in the vicinity of Interstate 26. Many smaller (10YR 4/1) mottles, and few fine prominent strong brown mottles; pits are near roads, streams, and creeks. They commonly massive; firm; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear smooth boundary. occupy the higher positions. C2g-84 to 100 inches, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) clay; few coarse The material in these pits is commonly loamy or clayey prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4) mottles and many coarse distinct dark and is low in organic matter and fertility. Pits commonly gray (10YR 4/1) mottles; massive; firm; pockets and lenses of sandy have nearly level floors, are 8 to 15 feet deep, and occupy clay material; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid, pH 5.2. 10 to 50 acres. The solurn is more than 60 inches thick. The profile is strongly acid to The areas that have no plant cover should be planted to extremely acid throughout except where the surface has been limed. The Al horizon is 5 to 16 inches thick. trees. Loblolly pine is fairly well suited in pits that have The Bl horizon is 4 to 11 inches thick and is black, very dark gray, or drainage outlets. dark gray. The B2t horizon is 32 inches to more than 51 inches thick. It Fish pond construction is limited by soil texture and is dark gray or gray and has few to many mottles in various shades of brown, yellow, and red. The B3 horizon, where present, is 8 to 14 inches availability of water. Capability unit VlIs-2; not assigned thick. It is light gray, gray, or dark gray and has few to many mottles in to woodland group. various shades of brown and gray. Texture is sandy clay or clay. 12 SOIL SURVEY By-Byars loam. This soil is in nearly level to slightly The A horizon is brown, dark gray, gray, very dark grayish brown, depressional areas west of the Summerville Scarp. dark grayish brown, dark brown, olive brown, or dark yellowish brown and is 3 to 9 inches thick. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of The B2 horizon is strong brown, yellowish brown, light yellowish Pantego, Rains, and Coxville soils. Also included are a brown, light olive brown, pale brown, very pale brown, brownish yellow, few areas of soils that have a thick black surface layer yellow, pale yellow, olive yellow, or pale olive and is 45 to 75 inches and subsoil. thick. Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. A few The AT horizon is gray, light gray, light brownish gray, grayish brown, or dark grayish brown and is 4 to 55 inches thick. areas are in pasture and cultivated crops. Principal cul- The B'2h horizon occurs at a depth of more than 80 inches and is tivated crops are corn and soybeans. black or dark brown. Much of this soil is subject to occasional to frequent CaB-Cainhoy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes. This flooding. Extensive surface drainage systems are necessa- ry when this soil is used for crops or pasture. The water nearly le .vel to gently sloping soil occurs on broad and table is at or near the surface about 6 months yearly. narrow ridges. Capability units IIIw-2, drained, and VIw-1, undrained; Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of woodland group 2w9. Chipley, Echaw, Lucy, Bonneau, and Norfolk soils; small slight depressions of wet soils, which are shown on the Cainhoy series map by wet spot symbols; and a few areas of soils that have slopes of more than 6 percent. Also included are a The soils of the Cainhoy series are nearly level and few areas of soils that have a loamy fine sand surface gently sloping, deep, and somewhat excessively drained. layer and subsurface layer; a few areas of soils that have They formed in sandy Coastal Plain sediment. a sandy loam subsoil between depths of 40 and 90 inches; In a typical profile fine sand extends to a depth of and a few areas of soils that have nogray or light gray more than 130 inches. The surface layer is dark grayish horizon within 80 inches of the surface. brown and about 5 inches thick. The next layer is about Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The 125 inches thick. In sequence from the top, the upper 7 remainder is under cultivation or in pasture. The principal inches is yellowish brown, the next 31 inches is brownish crops are small grain, bahiagrass, and Coastal bermu- yellow, the next 12 inches is yellow, the next 26 inches is dagrass. Fertilizer and lime are lost rapidly by leaching. light gray, the next 29 inches is light brownish gray, and Soil blowing is a hazard and maintaining organic matter the lower 20 inches is black. content and fertility is a concern when this soil is used Cainhoy soils occur with Chipley, Echaw, Pickney, and for row crops. It is also droughty. Wind stripcropping, Witherbee soils. Cainhoy soils are better drained than all cover crops, and crop rotation are among the conservation of these soils. practices necessary for controlling erosion and maintain- Cainhoy soils have rapid permeability. Surface runoff is ing organic matter content. Fertilizers and lime are most slow, and available water capacity is low. efficiently used on this soil if they are applied frequently Typical profile of Cainhoy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent but in smaller amounts. Capability unit IVs-1; woodland slopes, approximately 25 miles southeast of Moncks group 3s2. Corner, 6.0 miles southwest of Cainhoy on State Seconda- ry Highway 33, .100 feet north of highway: Capers series Al-0 to 5 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sand; single The soils of the Capers series are deep and very poorly grained; loose; many fine and medium roots; salt and pepper pearance because of white sand grains; slightly acid, pH 62; abruap- drained. They formed in clayey marine sediment on level smooth boundary. pt tidal flats. B21-5 to 12 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand; single In a typical profile the surface layer is about 10 inches grained; loose; common fine and medium roots; slightly acid, pH 6-2; of loam. The upper 4 inches is dark gray, and the lower 6 clear smooth boundary. inches is dark greenish gray. The underlying material ex- B22-12 to 43 inches, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) fine sand; single grained; loose; common fine roots; medium acid, pH 6.0; clear tends to a depth of more than 80 inches. In sequence smooth boundary. from the top, the upper 32 inches is mottled bluish gray, B23-43 to 55 inches, yellow (10YR 7/6) fine sand; few fine faint very greenish gray, and light olive brown clay; the next 23 pale brown mottles; single grained; loose; few fine roots; medium inches is greenish gray clay; and the lower 15 inches is acid, pH 6.0; clear wavy boundary. A'21-55 to 65 inches, light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand; few fine faint greenish gray sandy clay. yellow mottles; single grained; loose; slightly acid, pH 6A; gradual Capers soils occur with Meggett, Santee, Chastain, and wavy boundary. Bohicket soils. Capers soils have a high sulfur content, A'22-65 to 81 inches, light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand; few medium but none of the associated soils except Bohicket are high distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; single grained; loose medium acid, pli 6.0; gradual irregular boundary. ; in sulfur. Capers soils'have a profile that is less variable A'23-81 to 110 inches, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sand; single in texture and contains fewer fibrous roots than Bohicket grained; loose; medium acid, pH 5.8; clear smooth boundary. soils, and they are not covered by seawater twice daily to B'2h-110 to 130 inches, black (5YR 2/1) fine sand; single grained; a depth of 6 to 36 inches as are Bohicket soils. weakly cemented, loose when crushed; medium acid, pH 5.8. Capers soils have very slow permeability. Surface ru- The profile is strongly acid to slightly acid throughout. noff is ponded, and available water capacity is high. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 13 Typical profile of Capers loam in an area of Capers as- have a finer textured subsoil than Norfolk soils. Caroline sociation on Daniel Island, 1.3 miles southeast of intersec- soils have a thinner A horizon than Lucy soils. Caroline tion of State Secondary Highways 33 and 119, 300 feet soils are better drained than Craven, Duplin, Wahee, and south of Sanders Creek: Lenoir soils. A11-0 to 4 inches, dark gray (5Y 4/1) loam; massive; many fine and Caroline soils have moderately slow permeability. Sur- medium mmhgmss roots constituting 35 percent of mass, by face runoff is medium, and available water capacity is volume; when squeezed, flows easily between fingers and leaves high. residue in hand; neutral, pH 7.0; gradual wavy boundary. Typical profile of Caroline fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 per- A12-4 to 10 inches, dark greenish gray (5BG 4/1) loam; massive; cent slopes; from Alvin Post Office, 1,750 feet southeast slightly sticky; common fine roots; when squeezed, flows between on S. C. Highway 45 and 0.25 mile north on woods road; fingers with some difficulty; neutral, pH 7.0; gradual smooth boun- 70 feet west of road: dary. CIg-10 to 42 inches, mottled bluish gray (5B 6/1), greenish gray (5BG A1-0 to 4 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak 6/1), and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay; massive; slightly sticky; fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots, few fine roots; when squeezed, flows between fingers with some slightly acid, pH 6.3; clear smooth boundary. difficulty; mildly alkaline, pH 7.8; clear smooth boundary. A21-4 to 8 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak C2g-42 to 65 inches, greenish gray (5BG 5/1) clay; with pockets of fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; sandier material on faces of peds; common fine prominent olive medium acid, pH 5.8; clear smooth boundary. mottles; massive; firm; does not flow between fingers when A22-8 to 16 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; few squeezed; mildly alkaline, pH 7.8; gradual wavy boundary. medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine granu- C3g-65 to 80 inches, greenish gray (5BG 5/1) sandy clay; few fine lar structure; very friable; many fine roots; medium acid, pH 5.6; prominent olive mottles; massive; friable; does not flow between abrupt smooth boundary. fingers when squeezed; few mica flakes; mildly alkaline, pH 7.8. Bl-16 to 19 inches, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; few fine faint strong brown mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; The profile is neutral or mildly alkaline throughout. These soils are friable; common fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5A; clear wavy boun- firm marsh that lacks an N value of less than I within the upper 40 dary. inches. B21t-19 to 32 inches, red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; few coarse distinct reddish The A horizon is dark gray or dark greenish gray and is 6 to 10 inches yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles; moderate medium angular blocky struc- thick. Texture of A horizon is loam or silty clay loam. ture; firm; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; common fine The C horizon is greenish gray, dark greenish gray, black, or mottled roots; few mica flakes; very strongly acid, pH 5.0; gradual smooth bluish gray, greenish gray, and light olive brown clay, sandy clay, or boundary. silty clay. The lower part of the C horizon in some profiles is greenish B22t-32 to 55 inches, red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common coarse distinct red- gray sandy clay loam material that contains soft marine shells. dish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; few CP-Capers association. These soils are on nearly fine roots; few mica flakes; very strongly acid, pH 4.6; gradual level tidal flats that extend inland along the Wando and smooth boundary. Cooper Rivers. This association was mapped at a lower B3-55 to 82 inches, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; common intensity than were most other units in this survey area. medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak fine suban- gular blocky structure; friable; common mica flakes; very strongly Included with this association in mapping are a few, acid, pH 4.5. small, irregularly shaped islands of Santee and Meggett soils. Also included are a few, long, narrow areas of The soluin ranges from 55 inches to more than 80 inches in thickness. The A horizon is slightly acid to strongly acid, and the B horizon is Bohicket soils. strongly acid or very strongly acid. All of the acreage of these soils is in marsligrasses. The A horizon is 10 to 17 inches thick. The Ap horizon, where present, Because of their salt and sulphur content, Capers soils is 2 to 11 inches thick. It is very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, are not suited for cultivation. They can be used for range dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark gray, or yellowish brown. The A2 pasture. They provide natural habitat for wildlife. horizon, where present, is 5 to 14 inches thick. It is light yellowish brown or yellowish brown. If these soils are drained or air-dried for a period of 30 The Bi horizon, where present, is 3 to 5 inches thick and is yellowish days, they become extremely acid and plants die. Capa- red, yellowish brown, or strong brown. The B2t horizon is 19 to 44 bility unit VIIIw-2; not placed in a woodland group. inches thick. It is red, yellowish red, reddish yellow, strong brown, or yellowish brown. Texture of the B2t horizon is commonly clay but in places is sandy clay. The lower part of the B2t horizon commonly is mot- Caroline series tled in various shades of brown, red, and yellow, but in places it is gray. The B3 horizon, where present, is commonly sandy clay loam and sandy The soils of the Caroline series are nearly level to loam, but in places it is sandy clay. It ranges from 4 to 28 inches in gently sloping, deep, and well drained. They formed in thickness. It commonly is yellowish red or red and has mottles in vari- clayey Coastal Plain sediment. ous shades of gray, brown, and yellow. In a typical profile the surface layer is dark grayish These soils have more than 20 percent clay decrease at brown fine sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The subsur- a depth of about 55 inches but are otherwise similar to face layer is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 12 Caroline soils mapped in other survey areas. This dif- inches thick. The next layer, to a depth of 82 inches, is ference does not affect use and management of these red, firm clay in the upper part and yellowish red, friable soils. sandy clay loam in the lower part. CoA-Caroline fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent Caroline soils are associated with Norfolk, Lucy, slopes. This nearly level soil occurs in long narrow strips Craven, Duplin, Wahee, and Lenoir soils. Caroline soils along streams and rivers. 14 SOIL SURVEY Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of they are more poorly drained than Taweaw soils. Chastain Norfolk, Lucy, ("raven, Duplin, Lenoir, and Wahee soils; soils have less sulphur and salt than Capers and Bohicket some long narrow areas of Caroline fine sandy loam, 2 to soils. Chastain soils have more silt than Pantego and 6 percent slopes, adjacent to drainageways; and some Bayboro soils. small, wet, depressional areas less than 2 acres in size, Chastain soils have slow permeability. Surface runoff is which are shown on the map by wet spot symbols. Also very slow, and available water capacity is medium. included are areas of soils that have a very fine sandy Typical profile of Chastain silty clay loam in an area of loam and loamy fine sand surface layer; some areas of Chastain association, frequently flooded; from intersection soils that have a sandy clay loam subsoil; and a few areas of Echaw Road (State Secondary Highway 857) and coun- of soils that have a combined surface layer and subsoil ty line (Wambaw Creek), 300 yards north on Echaw Road less than 55 inches thick. and 100 yards east: Most of the acreage of this soil is in cultivation. The principal crops are soybeans, corn, small grain, bahiagrass, A1-0 to 7 inches, dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; few fine prominent and Coastal bermudagrass. yellowish red mottles, common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles, and few fine distinct dark yellowish brown Tilth is generally good. Row crops can be grown each mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky year. This soil is easily tilled over a wide range of and plastic; many fine and large roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; abrupt moisture content. Capability unit 1-2; woodland group 2ol. smooth boundary. CoB-Caroline fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent B21g-7 to 11 inches, greenish gray (5GY 6/1) silty clay loam; few medi- slopes. This gently sloping soil occurs on narrow ridges um prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; sticky and plastic; many fine and large and slopes parallel to streams and drainageways. It has roots; strongly acid, pH 5.4; clear smooth boundary. the profile described as representative of the series. B22g-11 to 19 inches, gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; few medium distinct Included in this soil in mapping are small areas of Nor- dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky struc- folk, Lucy, and Duplin soils; a few small areas of soils ture; sticky and plastic; many fine and large roots; strongly acid, pH that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more than 6 5.1; clear smooth boundary. percent; and small wet areas, which are shown on the B23g-19 to 31 inches, dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; weak fine sub- angular blocky structure; sticky and plastic; many fine and large map by wet spot symbols. Also included are areas of soils roots; strongly acid, pH 5.1; clear smooth boundary. that have a loamy sand and loamy fine sand surface layer; B3g-31 to 51 inches, dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay; weak fine subangu- areas of soils that liave sandy underlying material; and a lar blocky structure; sticky and plastic; common medium and large few areas of soils that have a surface layer and subsoil partially decomposed roots; few mica flakes; very strongly acid, pH less than 55 inches thick combined. 5.0; clear wavy boundary. Most of the acreage of this soil is in cultivation. The Cg-51 to 80 inches, dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay; massive; sticky and plastic; few medium and large partially decomposed roots; common principal crops are soybeans, corn, small grain, bahiagrass, mica flakes; very strongly acid, pH 5.0. and Coastal bermudagrass. The solurn ranges from 40 to 55 inches in thickness. The profile is Erosion is the chief hazard on this soil. Because of the strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout after air-drying for about slope, which causes an increased rate of runoff and a 30 day,,. greater hazard of erosion, contour cultivation and other The A horizon is 4 to 11 inches thick. It is dark grayish brown, very conservation measures are essential. Crop residue kept on dark grayish brown, dark gray, gray, or grayish brown. or near the surface increases infiltration and reduces ero- The B2 horizon is 24 to 49 inches thick. It is light gray, gray, dark sion. Keeping this soil in close-growing crops at least half gray, greenish gray, grayish brown, or dark grayish brown silty clay loam, silty clay, clay loam, or clay. The B3 horizon, where present, is 10 of the time helps to control erosion. Capability unit IIe-2; to 20 inches thick. It is dark gray or gray silty clay or silty clay loam. woodland group 2ol. The C horizon is light gray, gray, dark gray, or grayish brown silty clay loam, clay, or silty clay. Chastain series CS-Chastain association, frequently flooded. These The soils of the Chastain series are nearly level and soils are on the alluvial flood plain of the Santee River. poorly drained. They formed in clayey alluvial Coastal They were mapped at a lower intensity than were most Plain sediment. other soils in this survey area. In a typical profile the surface layer is mottled dark Included with this association in mapping are some gray silty clay loam about 7 inches thick. The next layer areas of Santee, Bayboro, Pantego, Meggett, and Tawcaw extends to a depth of 51 inches. In sequence from the top, soils. Also included are areas of soils that have a surface the upper 4 inches is greenish gray silty clay loam, the layer of silty clay, clay loam, or silt loam. next 8 inches is gray silty clay, the next 12 inches is dark All of the acreage of these soils is in hardwoods. gray silty clay loam, and the lower 20 inches is dark gray Because they are frequently flooded, the Chastain soils silty clay. The underlying material to a depth of 80 inches are not suited to either cultivated crops or pasture. is dark gray silty clay. When these soils are drained or air-dried for a period Chastain soils occur with Santee, Meggett, Tawcaw, of 30 days or more, they become more acid. These soils Capers, Pantego, Bayboro, and Bohicket soils. Chastain are better suited to timber production than to most other soils are more acid than Santee and Meggett soils, and uses. Capability unit VlIw-3; woodland group 2w9. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 15 Chipley series but a few areas are planted to soybeans and truck crops. Bahiagrass is suitable for pasture. The soils of the Chipley series are nearly level, deep, For pasture and row crops to be productive, intensive and moderately well drained. They formed in sandy conservation practices must be applied because of exces- Coastal Plain sediment. sive leaching and a high water table. These soils are low In a typical profile the surface layer is black fine sand in available water capacity, natural fertility, and organic about 4 inches thick. The underlying material is fine sand matter content. Capability unit IIIs-3; Chipley soils in to a depth of more than 80 inches. In sequence from the woodland group 2s2, and Echaw soils in woodland group top, the upper 29 inches is yellowish brown, the next 24 3w2. inches is light brownish gray, the next 8 inches is light gray, and the lower 15 inches is light brownish gray. Coxville series Chipley soils occur with Cainhoy, Lynchburg, Pickney, Witherbee, and Echaw soils. Chipley soils are more poorly The soils of the Coxville series are nearly level, deep, drained than Cainhoy soils. Chipley soils have a coarser and poorly drained. They formed in clayey Coastal Plain textured subsoil than Lynchburg soils. Chipley soils are sediment. better drained than Pickney and Witherbee soils. Chipley In a typical profile the surface layer is fine sandy loam soils do not have a Bh horizon as do Echaw soils. about 8 inches thick; the upper 5 inches is black, and the Chipley soils have rapid permeability. Surface runoff is lower 3 inches is very dark gray. The next layer extends slow, and available water capacity is low. to a depth of more than 69 inches. In sequence from the Typical profile of Chipley fine sand in an area of top, the upper 5 inches is grayish brown, friable clay ChipleY7Echaw complex, 100 yards west of Berkeley and loam; the next 17 inches is mottled gray, firm sandy clay; Charleston County line on State Secondary Highway 133 and the lower 39 inches is mottled gray, firm clay. and 100 feet south of road: Coxville soils occur with Byars, Pantego, Rains, Lenoir, Lynchburg, and Meggett soils. Coxville soils are better Al-0 to 4 inches, black (10YR 211) fine sand; single grained; loose; drained than Byars and Pantego soils. Coxville soils have many fine roots; common white sand grains; very strongly acid, pH a finer textured subsoil than Rains soils. Coxville soils are 4.6; clear smooth boundary. Cl-4 to 33 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; few fine faint more poorly drained than Lenoir and Lynchburg soils. pale brown and strong brown mottles; single grained; loose; com- Coxville soils have a more acid subsoil than Meggett soils. mon fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.9; clear smooth boundary. Coxville soils have moderately slow permeability. Sur- C2g-33 to 57 inches, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sand; single face runoff is slow to ponded, and available water capaci- grained; loose; few fine roots; medium acid, pH 5.8; gradual irregu- ty is high. lar boundary. C3g-57 to 65 inches, light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sand; single grained; Typical profile of Coxville fine sandy loam, about 15 loose; few fine roots; medium acid, pH 5.8; clear smooth boundary. miles northwest of Moncks Corner in Ferguson Bay, 1.1 C4g-65 to 80 inches, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sand; common miles east of county line road and 25 feet north of old medium faint light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles; single grained; loose; woods road: medium acid, pH 5.8. All-0 to 5 inches, black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam; weak fine granu- This profile is very strongly acid to medium acid throughout. lar structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; very strongly The A horizon is 3 to 13 inches thick. It is dark gray, grayish brown, acid, pH 4.6; clear smooth boundary. very dark gray, very dark brown, gray, black, very dark grayish brown, A12-5 to 8 inches, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy loam; weak or dark grayish brown. fine granular structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; The C horizon is light yellowish brown, yellowish brown, pale yellow, very strongly acid, pH 4.6; abrupt smooth boundary. brownish yellow, brown, or pale brown in the upper part and dark gray, BIg-8 to 13 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; few fine gray, light brownish gray, light gray, or grayish brown in the lower distinct yellowish brown mottles; weak fine subangular blocky part. structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, Ct-Chipley-Echaw complex. These soils occur in pH 4.6; clear smooth boundary. B21tg-13 to 30 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay; common fine broad areas adjacent to low wet areas. These soils are so distinct yellowish brown mottles; weak fine subangular blocky intermingled that it is not practical to map them structure; firm; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; few fine separately at the scale used. Approximately 60 to 65 per- roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear wavy boundary. cent of this complex is Chipley soils, and 35 to 40 percent B22tg-30 to 39 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common medium distinct yellowi h brown (10YR 5/4) mottles and common fine distinct I is Echaw soils. The Echaw soils are in irregularly shaped strong "brown mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; areas that occur at random throughout the complex. firm; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; very Included with this complex in mapping are some areas strongly acid; pH 4.7; clear wavy boundary. of Witherbee, Leon, and Lynchburg soils. Also included B23tg-39 to 64 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; few fine distinct yellowish brown and brown mottles and few fine faint gray and light are small, wet, depressional areas, which are shown on brownish gray mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; the map by wet spot symbols. There are also areas of :firm; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid, pH soils that have sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and sandy 4.6; clear wavy boundary. clay in the lower part. B24tg-64 to 69 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; few fine distinct yellowish brown and brown mottles and few fine faint gray, light brownish Most areas of these soils are in woodland. Pasture gray, and light gray mottles; moderate coarse subangular blocky grass is the major crop in most of the remaining areas, structure; firm; very strongly acid, pH 4.7. 1 16 SOIL SURVEY The solum ranges from 61 to 76 inches in thickness. The profile is A1-0 to 2 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak fine granular struc- strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout unless limed. ture; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, The Al horizon is 4 to 12 inches thick. It is black, very dark gray, pH 4.5; abrupt smooth boundary. dark gray, or very dark grayish brown. Where the Al horizon is black, A2-2 to 7 inches, pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; weak fine granular very dark gray, or very dark grayish brown, it is less than 10 inches structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly thick. The A2 horizon, where present, is about 8 inches thick. It is gray acid, pH 4.7; clear smooth boundary. or grayish brown. B21t-7 to 11 inches, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay; few fine The B1 horizon, wliere present, is 4 to 8 inches thick. It is dark gray distinct yellowish red mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky or grayish brown sandy clay loam or clay loam. The B2t horizon is 44 structure; firm; broken faint clay films on faces of peds; common inches to more than 60 inches thick. It is dark gray, gray, or light gray fine and medium roots; few fine pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; sandy clay or clay that has common to many mottles in various shades gradual smooth boundary. of gray, brown, red, amd yellow. B22t-11 to 18 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; common fine prominent red mottles; strong medium subangular blocky structure; Cu-Coxville fine sandy loam. This soil is on broad firm patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; fine and medium flats and in slightly depressional areas west of the Sum- roots; common fine pores; occasional organic stains on peds and in merville Scarp. pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.9; gradual smooth boundary. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of B23t-18 to 28 inches, pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay; few pockets of sand; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and red (10R Byars, Pantego, Rains, and Lenoir soils. Also included are 4/6) mottles and few fine faint gray mottles; moderate medium sub- some areas of soils that have a loam surface layer and angular blocky structure; firm; complete prominent clay films on subsurface layer. faces of peds; few fine and medium roots; common fine pores; very Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. A small strongly acid, pH 4.8; abrupt wavy boundary. B24t-28 to 38 inches, mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), red (10R percentage is in row crops or pasture grasses. 4/6), and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; weak medium subangular This soil can be cultivated only within a narrow range blocky structure; firm; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; few of moisture content, but it can be cropped intensively fine and medium roots; few fine pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; when adequate drainage is provided. Returning crop gradual wavy boundary. B25tg-38 to 55 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; few fine residue and Using rotations that include frequent sod prominent dusky red and brownish yellow mottles; weak fine suban- crops are necessary to maintain good tilth and productivi- gular blocky structure; firm; patchy faint clay films on faces of ty. Capability units IIIw-2, drained, and IVw-2, un- peds; very strongly acid, pH 4.6; gradual wavy boundary. drained; woodland group 2w9. Clg-55 to 66 inches, mottled light gray (10YR 6/1), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), dark red (IOR 3/6), and dusky red (IOR 3/4) clay; mas- sive; firm; very strongly acid, pH 4.5; diffuse wavy boundary. Craven series C2g-66 to 78 inches, mottled light gray (10YR 6/1), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; The soils of the Craven series are nearly level to gently massive; firm; very strongly acid, pH 4.5. sloping, deep, and moderately well drained. They formed The solum ranges from 49 to 59 inches in thickness. The profile is in clayey Coastal Plain sediment. very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout except where limed. In a typical profile the surface layer is dark gray loam The A horizon is 3 to 15 inches thick. In the plow layer, or upper 5 to about 2 inches thick. The subsurface layer is pale brown 9 inches, the A horizon is dark gray, very dark gray, very dark grayish silt loam about 5 inches thick. The next layer is firm clay brown, or grayish brown. The A2 horizon, where present, is 5 to 10 inches thick. It is pale brown, light yellowish brown, yellowish brown, or 48 inches thick. In sequence from the top, the upper 4 light gray silt loam or loam. inches is light yellowish brown; the next 7 inches is yel- The BI horizon, where present, is 3 to 5 inches thick. It is light yel- lowish brown and has red mottles; the next 10 inches is lowish brown or yellowish brown clay loam or sandy clay loam. The B2t pale brown and has strong brown, red, and gray mottles; horizon is 24 to 48 inches thick. It is commonly clay, but it is silty clay loam or silty clay in places. The upper part of the B2t horizon is the next 10 inches is mottled yellowish brown, red, and brownish yellow, light yellowish brown, yellowish brown, strong brown, grayish brown; and the lower 17 inches is grayish brown- brown, or pale brown and has few to many mottles in various shades of The underlying material is mottled light gray, gray, yel- gray, red, yellow, and brown. The lower part of the B2t horizon is domi- lowish brown, brownish yellow, and red clay to a depth of nantly gray and has common to many mottles of red, yellow, and brown, more than 78 inches. or it is dominantly yellow or brown and has common to many mottles of gray and red. The B3 horizon, where present, is 12 to 17 inches thick. It Craven soils occur with Caroline, Norfolk, Goldsboro, is clay or sandy clay. It is dominantly gray and has common to many Lenoir, Wahee, Lynchburg, and Bethera soils. Craven mottles in various shades of red, yellow, and brown. soils are more poorly drained than Caroline and Norfolk The C horizon is commonly mottled in shades of gray, yellow, brown, soils. They have a finer textured subsoil than Goldsboro and red. It is sandy clay, clay, clay loam, or sandy clay loam. soils. Craven soils are better drained than Lenoir, Wahee, CvA-Craven loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly Lynchburg, and Bethera soils. level soil occurs on broad ridges. It has the profile Craven soils have slow or very slow permeability. Sur- described as representative for the series. face runoff is medium, and available water capacity is Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of medium. Caroline, Duplin, Wahee, and Lenoir soils; small wet Typical profile of Craven loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; depressional areas, which are shown on the map by wet from intersection of S. C. Highway 41 and S. C. Highway spot symbols; some areas of soils that have a fine sandy 402 near Huger, 3.3 miles north on Highway 41 and 100 loam and sandy loam surface layers; and some areas of yards east on Lottie Road; 50 feet north of road: soils that have a surface layer and subsoil more than 60 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 17 inches thick combined. Also included are some areas of Ap-0 to 6 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine Craven loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, and some areas of granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; neutral, pH 6.8; abrupt smooth boundary. soils that have an extremely acid layer. B21t-6 to 16 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; few fine Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The faint pale brown mottles and few fine distinct strong brown mot- remainder is in cultivation. A few scattered ponds are tles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few patchy located on this soil (fig. 1). The principal crops are corn, faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine roots; strongly acid, soybeans, small grain, and pasture grasses. pH 5.5; clear smooth boundary. B22t-16 to 23 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; few fine The tilth of this soil is fair. This soil can be tilled only prominent red mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; within a narrow range of moisture content. Row crops firm; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; very can be grown each year, but drainage and other conserva- strongly acid, pH 4.9; clear smooth boundary. tion practices are necessary to improve tilth and yields. B23t-23 to 41 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; few medium Capability unit IIw-5; woodland group 3w2. prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles and few fine distinct gray mot- tles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; patchy faint CvB-Craven loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This gently clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; very strongly acid, pH sloping soil is on broad ridges and narrow slopes along 4.8; clear smooth boundary. streams and drainageways. B24t-41 to 53 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; few medium Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles, few medium prominent red Caroline and Duplin soils; a few small areas of soils that (2.5YR 5/6) mottles, and few medium faint gray (10YR 6/1) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; patchy faint clay have slopes of less than 2 percent or more than 6 percent; films on faces of peds; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear smooth and small, wet, depressional areas, which are shown on boundary. the map by wet spot symbols. Also included are some B25t-53 to 67 inches, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay; few medium areas of soils that have a fine sandy loam surface layer, distinct gray (10YR 6/1) mottles and few medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; some areas that have a neutral subsoil and underlying patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid, pH 4.5; material, and some areas of soils that have extremely acid clear wavy boundary. layers. B3-67 to 80 inches, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay; common coarse Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles and few medium prominent dark red (1011 3/6) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky struc- remainder is in pasture and row crops. Principal crops on ture; firm; very strongly acid, pH 4.5. this soil are bahiagrass, Coastal bermudagrass, corn, and soybeans. The solurn is more than 75 inches thick. The A horizon is strongly acid Erosion is the chief hazard on this soil. Cropping to neutral, and the Bt horizon is very strongly acid or strongly acid. The A horizon is 6 to 16 inches thick. In the plow layer, or upper 2 to systems that include sod crops and grassed waterways 10 inches, the A horizon is very dark grayish brown, brown, dark gray- help to control erosion. Crop residue kept on or near the ish brown, light brownish gray, grayish brown, very dark gray, or dark surface increases infiltration and reduces erosion. Capa- gray. The A2 horizon, where present, is 4 to 14 inches thick. It is light bility unit IIIe-3; woodland group 3w2. yellowish brown, grayish brown, yellowish brown, pale brown, or very pale brown fine sandy loam or sandy loam. The DI horizon, where present, is 3 to 5 inches thick. It is light yel- Duplin series lowish brown, light olive brown, or yellowish brown clay loam or sandy clay loam. The B2t horizon is 31 inches to more than 60 inches thick. It The soils of the Duplin series are nearly level to gently commonly is sandy clay or clay loam, but in places it is clay. The upper sloping, deep, and moderately well drained. They formed part of the B2t horizon is yellowish brown, brown, light olive brown, or in clayey Coastal Plain sediment. light yellowish brown and has no mottles to common mottles in various In a typical profile the surface layer is grayish brown shades of gray, red, yellow, and brown. Mottles that have chroma of 2 or less are within 30 inches of the surface. The lower part of the B2t fine sandy loam about 6 inches thick. The next layer ex- horizon is dominantly gray and has few to many mottles in various tends to a depth of more than 80 inches. In sequence shades of brown, red, and yellow; it is mottled gray, red, yellow, and from the top, the upper 17 inches is yellowish brown, firm brown, or it is dominantly brownish and has gray and red mottles. The clay loam; the next 30 inches is yellowish brown, firm clay B3 horizon, where present, is 5 to 19 inches thick. It is gray, light gray, that has red and gray mottles; and the lower 27 inches is brownish yellow, or grayish brown clay or sandy clay. brownish yellow, firm clay that has gray and red mottles. DuA-Duplin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. Duplin soils occur with Norfolk, Caroline, Craven, This nearly level soil is on broad ridges. It has the profile Wahee, Lenoir, Coxville, and Bayboro soils. Duplin soils described as representative for the series. are more poorly drained than Norfolk and Caroline soils. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Duplin soils have a thicker solum than Craven soils. Caroline, Norfolk, Craven, Goldsboro, Lenoir, and Duplin soils are better drained than Wahee, Lenoir, Cox- Lynchburg soils; some areas of Duplin fine sandy loam, 2 ville, and Bayboro soils. to 6 percent slopes, adjacent to drainageways; and a few Duplin soils have moderately slow permeability. Sur- areas of soils that have a clay decrease of more than 20 face runoff is slow, and available water capacity is high. percent from its maximum within 60 inches of the sur- Typical profile of Duplin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent face. Also included are some small wet areas less than 2 slopes; from intersection of road to Oakland Club and S. acres in size, which are shown on the map by wet spot C. Highway 45, 1,950 feet north on dirt road; 100 feet symbols; areas of soils that have a loamy fine sand and west of road: very fine sandy loam surface and subsurface layer; and a 18 SOIL SURVEY few areas of soils that have sandy clay loam in the upper road crossing of South Carolina Highway 402, 1.4 miles part of the subsoil. north on South Carolina Highway 402; 75 feet west of Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The Highway 402: remainder is in cultivation. The principal crops are cotton, Al-0 to 5 inches, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy sand; weak fine corn, soybeans, small grain, and pasture grasses. granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; Row crops can be grown each year, but drainage by use strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear smooth boundary. of open ditches or tile drains, or both, and other conserva- A21-5 to 21 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; single tion practices may be necessary to improve tilth and in- grained; loose; many fine and medium roots; sand grains coated; crease yields. Capability unit IIw-5; woodland group 2w8. very strongly acid, pH 5.0; gradual smooth boundary. A22-21 to 27 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; common DuB-Duplin fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; single grained; loose; This gently sloping soil is on broad ridges and narrow very friable; few fine roots; sand grains coated; very strongly acid, slopes along streams and drainageways. pH 4.8; clear smooth boundary. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of A23-27 to 40 inches, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loamy sand; many Craven, Caroline, and Norfolk soils; some areas of Duplin fine distinct yellowish brown mottles; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; sand grains coated; very strongly acid, fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; and some areas of pH 4.8; clear smooth boundary. a Duplin fine sandy loam that has slopes of more than 6 Bb-40 to 50 inches, aark brown (7.5YR 3/2) sand; common fine faint percent. Also included are some small wet areas less than brown, dark reddish brown, and dark brown bodies; weak fine sub- 2 acres in size, which are shown on the map by wet spot angular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; very fria- ble; slightly brittle in darker portions; few fine roots; few fine and symbols; areas of soils that have a loamy fine sand and medium pores; sand grains coated; strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear very fine sandy, loam surface layer and subsurface layer; sm6oth boundary. and some areas of soils that have sandy clay loam in the Cg-50 to 65 inches, mottled light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and brown upper part of the subsoil. (7.5YR 5/2) loamy sand; single grained; loose; medium acid, pH 5.8. Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The rest The solum ranges from 45 inches to more than 60 inches in thickness. is in pasture and row crops. The principal crops are The profile is very strongly acid to medium acid throughout. bahiagrass, Coastal bermudagrass, corn, and soybeans. The Al horizon is 2 to 9 inches thick. It is black, very dark brown, Erosion is the chief hazard on this soil. Conservation very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, dark gray, or dark grayish brown loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand. The A2 horizon is 23 to practices such as grassed waterways and cropping 46 inches thick. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand. The systems that include grasses help to control erosion. Crop upper part of the A2 horizon is brown, dark yellowish brown, yellowish residue kept on or near the surface increases infiltration brown, light yellowish brown, pale brown, light olive brown, brownish and reduces erosion. Capability unit IIe-3; woodland yellow, or pale yellow. The lower part of the A2 horizon has the same group 2w8. colors as the upper part and has few to many gray mottles, or it is gray, grayish brown, light brownish gray, or light gray and has higher chroma mottles. Echaw series The Bh horizon is at a depth of 32 to 48 inches. It commonly is 6 inches to more than 30 inches thick. It is dark brown, dark reddish The soils of the Echaw series are nearly level, deep and brown, black, very dark brown, reddish brown, dark reddish gray, or moderately well drained. They formed in sandy Coastal very dark grayish brown sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or loamy Plain sediment. sand. In a typical profile the surface layer is very dark The C horizon is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand. brown loamy sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface Goldsboro series layer is loamy sand about 35 inches thick; the upper 22 inches is yellowish brown, and the lower 13 inches is light The soils of the Goldsboro series are nearly level, deep, brownish gray and has yellowish brown mottles. The next and moderately well drained. They formed in loamy layer is dark brown, very friable to slightly brittle sand Coastal Plain sediment. about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth In a typical profile the surface layer is very dark gray- of 65 inches is mottled light brownish gray and brown ish brown loamy sand about 7 inches thick. The subsur- loamy sand. face layer is light yellowish brown loamy sand about 7 Echaw soils occur with Cainhoy, Lynchburg, Pickney, inches thick. The next layer is friable sandy clay loam and Witherbee, and Chipley soils. Echaw soils are more poorly extends to a depth of more than 75 inches. In sequence drained than Cainhoy soils. Echaw soils have a coarser from the top, the upper 10 inches is yellowish brown, the textured subsoil than Lynchburg soils. Echaw soils are next 11 inches is yellowish brown with gray mottles, the better drained than Pickney and Witherbee soils. Echaw next 28 inches is mottled light gray, and the lower 12 soils have a Bh horizon, which Chipley soils do not have. inches is mottled with shades of brown, gray, and red. Echaw soils have rapid permeability. Surface runoff is The Goldsboro soils occur with Duplin, Craven, Lenoir, slow, and available water capacity is low. Norfolk, Caroline, Bonneau, Ocilla, Lynchburg, and Rains These soils were mapped in a complex with Chipley soils. Goldsboro soils have a coarser textured subsoil than soils. Duplin, Craven, and Lenoir soils. Goldsboro soils are more Typical profile of an Echaw loamy sand in an area of poorly drained than Norfolk and Caroline soils. Goldsboro Chipley-Echaw complex; from Seaboard Coastline Rail- soils have a thinner A horizon than Bonneau and Ocilla BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 19 soils. Goldsboro soils are better drained than Lynchburg GoA-Goldsboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes. and Rains soils. This nearly level soil occurs on broad flats throughout the Goldsboro soils have moderate permeability. Surface county. runoff is slow, and available water capacity is medium. Included in this soil in mapping are small areas of Nor- Typical profile of Goldsboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent folk, Bonneau, Ocilla, Lynchburg, Duplin, and Lenoir soils; slopes; from intersection of S. C. Highway 6 and U. S. small, wet areas less than 2 acres in size, which are shown Highway 17A, 1.0 mile west on Highway 6, 1,320 feet on the map by wet spot symbols; and areas of soils that north on State Secondary Highway 510, and 500 feet west have a fine sandy loam and loamy fine sand surface layer. on unmarked road; 50 feet south of road: Also included are some areas of soils that have a medium A1-0 to 7 inches, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand acid subsoil and some areas of soils that have a surface ; layer and subsoil less than 60 inches thick combined. weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; abrupt smooth boundary. About 40 percent of the acreage of this soil is in A2-7 to 14 inches, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loamy sand; weak woodland (fig. 2). The remainder is in row crops and fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; pasture. Tilth is generally good. very strongly acid; pH 4.8; clear smooth boundary. The principal crops are soybeans, cotton, corn, tobacco, B21t-14 to 24 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; few small grain, and pasture grasses. Row crops can be grown fine and medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/8) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and each year, but drainage by surface ditches, open ditches, bridged; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.9; or tile drains, or a combination, and other conservation clear smooth boundary. practices may be necessary to improve tilth and yields. B22t-24 to 25 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; Capability unit Ilw-2; woodland group 2w8. many coarse distinct gray (10YR 6/1) mottles, few medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles, and few fine distinct yellowish red and strong brown mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky Lenoir series structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; common fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear smooth boundary. The soils of the Lenoir series are nearly level, deep, B23tg-35 to 57 inches, light gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; few and somewhat poorly drained. They formed in clayey coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles, common coarse Coastal Plain Sediment. prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles, and few medium In a typical profile the surface layer is about 7 inches distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium suban- thick; the upper 4 inches is black fine sandy loam, and the gular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; few fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear smooth boundary. lower 3 inches is dark gray very fine sandy loam. The B31g-57 to 63 inches, light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay loam; common next layer extends to a depth of more than 80 inches. In medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles, few medium sequence from the top, the upper 8 inches is light yel- prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) mottles, and few fine prominent strong lowish brown, friable very fine sandy loam that has light brown mottles; weak fine subangular structure; friable; few fine brownish gray mottles; the next 7 inches is mottled, light roots; few flakes of mica; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; clear smooth boundary. brownish gray, firm clay loam; the next 30 inches is mot- B32g-63 to 75 inches, mottled strong brown (7.5YR 516), light gray tled, gray, firm clay; and the lower 28 inches is mottled, (10YR 7/1), yellowish red (5YR 5/8), yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), gray, firm clay loam. and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sandy clay loam; weak fine su- Lenoir soils occur with Caroline, Bayboro, Byars, Cox- bangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few flakes of ville, Pantego, Rains, Bethera, Norfolk, Goldsboro, Ocilla, mica; very strongly acid, pH 4.8. Lynchburg, Craven, and Wahee soils. Lenoir soils are The solum ranges from 60 inches to more than 80 inches in thickness. more poorly drained than Caroline, Norfolk, Goldsboro, The profile is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout except and Craven soils. Lenoir soils are better drained than where limed. The A horizon ranges from 9 to 19 inches in thickness. The upper 3 to Bayboro, Byars, Coxville, Pantego, Rains, and Bethera 9 inches is black, very dark grayish brown, very dark gray, grayish soils. Lenoir soils have a finer textured subsoil than Nor- brown, or dark grayish brown. The A2 horizon, where present, is 3 to 12 folk, Goldsboro, Ocilla, and Lynchburg soils and have a inches thick. It is light yellowish brown, olive yellow, light olive brown, thicker subsoil than Craven and Wahee soils. or brown. Lenoir soils have slow permeability. Surface runoff is The BI horizon, where present, is 3 to 12 inches thick. It is yellowish me sandy loam. brown, olive yellow, or light olive brown sandy loam or f slow, and available water capacity is medium. The B2t horizon is 30 inches to more than 60 inches thick. It is com- Typical profile of Lenoir fine sandy loam on Medway monly sandy clay loam, but in places it is sandy loam. The upper part of Plantation, approximately 7,800 feet east of U. S. the B2t horizon is yellowish brown, brown, light olive brown, light Yel- Highway 52 and 1,300 feet north of dirt road that leads lowish brown, olive yellow, or brownish yellow and has few to many onto Medway Plantation: mottles in various shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray. Mottles that have a chroma of 2 or less occur in the B2t horizon within 30 inches Of A11-0 to 4 inches, black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam; weak medium the surface. The lower part of the B2t horizon has dominantly gray granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very colors and common to many mottles of red, yellow, and brown, it has strongly acid, pH 4.6; abrupt smooth boundary. common to many gray mottles within brown and yellow matrices, or it A12-4 to 7 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) very fine sandy loam; few has a matrix that is mottled red, gray, brown, and yellow. The B3 medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles and few fine distinct horizon, where present, is 6 inches to 20 inches thick. It is dominantly strong brown mottles; weak medium granular structure; very fria- gray and has common to many mottles in various shades of red, yellow, ble; common fine and medium roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; abrupt and brown. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam. smooth boundary. 20 SOIL SURVEY B1-7 to 15 inches, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) very fine sandy Leon series loam; common medium faint fight brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) mottles and few fine faint yellowish brown mottles; weak fine subangular The soils of the Leon series are nearly level and poorly blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear drained. They formed in sandy Coastal Plain sediment. smooth boundary. In a typical profile the surface layer is black fine sand B21tg-15 to 22 inches, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam; com- mon medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles and few about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is about 8 fine distinct brownish yellow mottles; weak fine angular blocky inches of gray fine sand. The next layer is dark reddish structure; firm; patchy distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine brown, weakly cemented fine sand about 18 inches thick. roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; clear wavy boundary. The underlying material extends to a depth of 70 inches B22tg-22 to 42 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common fine distinct or more; the upper 5 inches is brown loamy sand, the strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles and common medium prominent next 20 inches is light brownish gray fine sandy loam, and red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; ilms on faces of peds; few fine roots; very firm; patchy faint clay fi the lower 12 inches is light gray loamy and sandy materi- strongly acid, p1l 4.8; clear smooth boundary. al. B23tg-42 to 52 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common medium distinct Leon soils occur with Chipley, Echaw, Pamlico, Pickney, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles and common coarse prominent Rains, Seagate, and Witherbee soils. Leon soils are more dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blockY poorly drained than Chipley, Echaw, Seagate, and Wither- structure; firm; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine bee soils. Leon soils are better drained than Pamlico and roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.6; clear smooth boundary. B24tg-52 to 65 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; few fine faint light Pickney soils. Leon soils have a Bh horizon, which Rains brownish gray mottles, common coarse distinct strong brown soils do not have. (7.5YR 5/6) mottles, few fine distinct light yellowish brown mottles, Leon soils have rapid permeability in the surface layer and few fine prominent greenish gray mottles; weak medium suban- and subsurface layer and moderate or moderately rapid gular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; very strongly acid, pH permeability in the organic hardpan and lower layers. 4.6; clear smooth boundary. Surface runoff is slow, and available water capacity is B3g-65 to 80 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; few fine distinct low. strong brown and light yellowish brown mottles and few fine prominent greenish gray mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky Typical profile of Leon fine sand; from U. S. Highway structure; firm; few fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.6. 17-A and State Secondary Road 50, 4.5 miles south of Moneks Corner, 0.7 mile east on State Secondary Road The solum is 60 inches or more in thickness. The profile is strongly 50; 465 feet south of road: acid or very strongly acid throughout. The A horizon is 5 to 11 inches thick. The Al or Ap horizon is 2 to 7 Ap-0 to 7 inches, black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; weak fine granular struc- inches thick. It is gray, dark gray, very dark gray, or black. The A2 ture; very friable; common fine roots; medium acid, pH 6.0; clear horizon, where present, is 6 to 8 inches thick. It is pale olive. smooth boundary. The B1 horizon, where present, is 3 to 8 inches thick. It is light A2-7 to 15 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) fine sand, single grained; loose; few brownish gray, pale brown, brown, or light yellowish brown very fine fine roots; medium acid, pH 6.0; clear smooth boundary. sandy loam or sandy clay loam. The B2t horizon is 31 inches to more Bh-15 to 33 inches, dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) fine sand; massive than 60 inches thick. It is sandy clay, clay loam, or clay. The B2t horizon parting to weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; commonly is mottled throughout in various shades of brown, red, gray, weakly cemented; very strongly acid, pH 5.0; clear smooth bounda- olive, and yellow. A chroma of 3 or more is commonly dominant in the ry. CI-33 to 38 inches, brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand, single grained, loose; upper few inches of the B2t horizon, and gray is the dominant color in strongly acid, pH 5.3; abrupt wavy boundary. the lower part. The B3 horizon, where present, is 10 to 22 inches thick. C2-38 to 58 inches, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam; It has dominantly gray colors and common to many mottles in various common medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) mottles; shades of yellow, brown, and red. It is clay, clay loam, or sandy clay. weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very strongly acid, Le-Lenoir fine sandy loam. This soil occurs on broad pH 4.8; clear wavy boundary. C3-58 to 70 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) stratified loamy and sandy low flats. material; structureless; friable; strongly acid, pH 52. Included with this soil in mapping are small ares of The profile is extremely acid to strongly acid in each horizon unless Bethera, Coxville, Rains, Lynchburg, Wahee, Craven, limed. Duplin, and Goldsboro soils and some areas of soils that The A horizon is 7 to 17 inches thick. The Al or Ap horizon is 4 to 8 have a loamy fine sand, very fine sandy loam, and loam inches thick. It is black or very dark gray. The A2 horizon is 2 to 9 surface layer. Also included are a few areas of soils that inches thick. It is grayish brown, light brownish gray, gray, light gray, or white. are sandy clay loam in the upper part of the subsoil. The Bh horizon is 10 to 20 inches thick. It is black, dark reddish Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The brown, or dark brown. remainder is in pasture and a few acres of row crops. The The Cl horizon is 5 to 13 inches thick. It is light gray, gray, light brownish gray, grayish brown, dark grayish brown, or brown fine sand, principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and loamy fine sand, or loamy sand. The C2 horizon is 12 to 32 inches thick. bahiagrass. It is fight gray, gray, or light brownish gray sandy loam or fine sandy Open ditches or surface drains, or both, are used to loam. The C3 horizon is light gray or gray loamy sand, sandy loam, fine drain this soil. Row crops can be grown each year. Grow- sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loamy fine sand. ing and turning under a cover crop every year helps to Leon soils in Berkeley County have a slightly finer tex- maintain organic matter content and improve tilth and ture below the Bh horizon than is defined in the range for yields. Capability unit IIIw-3; woodland group 2w8. the series, and they lack an A2 horizon in about 40 percent BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 21 of the area. These differences, however, do not affect use B22t-37 to 48 inches, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak and management. fine subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear wavy boundary. Lo-Leon fine sand. This soil is in slightly depres- B23t-48 to 60 inches, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; few sional areas. medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate fine Included in this soil in mapping are small areas of Pam- subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and lico, Pickney, Rains, Seagate, and Witherbee soils. Also in- bridged; few fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.8. cluded are some areas of soils that have an organic hard- The soluin ranges from 60 inches to more than 80 inches in thickness. pan directly beneath the surface layer. The profile is strongly acid in the A horizon and strongly acid or very Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The strongly acid in the B horizon. remainder is in cropland, pasture, or urban uses. The The A horizon is 23 to 29 inches thick. The Al horizon, where present, principal crops are soybeans, small grain, and leafy is 3 to 6 inches thick. The Al or Ap horizon is very dark grayish brown, vegetables. dark gray, or brown. The A2 horizon is 19 to 26 inches thick. It is pale brown, light yellowish brown, yellowish brown, brownish yellow, or very Extensive drainage systems are necessary when this pale brown loamy sand or loamy fine sand. soil is used for crops or pasture. The organic hardpan The B2t horizon is 31 inches to more than 50 inches thick. It is yel- limits root development and water movement. Capability lowish red or red sandy loam or sandy clay loam. In places the B2t units IVw-4, drained, and VIw-4, undrained; woodland horizon has few to many mottles in various hues of brown, yellow, and group 4w2. red. LuB-Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes. This Lucy series nearly level to gently sloping soil is on broad ridges and narrow slopes parallel to streams and drainageways. The soils of the Lucy series are nearly level to gently Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of sloping, deep, and well drained. They formed in loamy Bonneau, Ocilla, Norfolk, and Goldsboro soils; small wet Coastal Plain sediment. areas, which are shown on the map by wet spot symbols; In a typical profile the surface layer is loamy sand and a few small areas where slopes are more than 6 per- about 6 inches thick. The upper 3 inches is very dark cent. Also included are areas of soils that have a loamy grayish brown, and the lower 3 inches is brown. The sub- fine sand surface layer; a few areas of soils that have a surface layer is yellowish brown loamy sand about 19 sandy surface layer and subsurface layer more than 40 inches thick. The next layer is yellowish red and extends inches thick combined; and a few areas of soils that are to a depth of more than 60 inches. The upper 12 inches is strong brown in the upper part of the subsoil. friable sandy loam, and the lower 23 inches is friable Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The sandy clay loam. Lucy soils occur with Bonneau, Ocilla, Goldsboro, Nor- remainder is in row crops and pasture. Principal crops are folk, Caroline, and Cainhoy soils. Lucy soils have a redder soybeans, corn, and small grain. Yields of shallow rooted subsoil than Bonneau soils. Lucy soils are better drained crops are reduced because of inadequate moisture in the than Ocilla and Goldsboro soils. Lucy soils have a thicker sandy surface layer and subsurface layer. surface layer than Goldsboro, Norfolk, and Caroline soils. Soil blowing is a hazard and maintaining organic matter Lucy soils have a coarser textured subsoil than Caroline content is a concern when this soil is used for row crops. soils and a finer textured subsoil than Cainhoy soils. Striperopping, windbreaks, cover crops, and crop rotation Lucy soils have rapid permeability in the surface layer are some practices needed to control erosion and and subsurface layer and moderate permeability in the replenish organic matter. This soil leaches rapidly. Lime subsoil. Surface runoff is slow, and available water capaci- and fertilizer should be applied frequently but in smaller ty is low. amounts. Capability unit IIs-1; woodland group W. Typical profile of Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes; from intersection of S. C. Highway 41 and S. C. Lynchburg series Highway 402, 1.0 mile south on S. C. Highway 41 and 1.3 miles east on State Secondary Highway 598; 90 feet The soils of the Lynchburg series are nearly level, northeast of highway: deep, and somewhat poorly drained. They formed in loamy Coastal Plain sediment. A11-0 to 3 inches, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand; In a typical profile the surface layer is black fine sandy weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.1; clear smooth boundary. loam about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light A12-3 to 6 inches, brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 3 inches thick. The structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; next layer is about 58 inches thick; the upper 5 inches is clear smooth boundary. yellowish brown, friable fine sandy loam and the lower 53 A2-6 to 25 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; few medi- um distinct strong brown (7.5YR 6/8) mottles; weak fine granular inches is mottled gray, friable sandy clay loam. The un- structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; derlying material to a depth of about 80 inches is mottled clear wavy boundary. gray clay that has pockets of sandy clay and sandy clay B21t-25 to 37 inches, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy loam; weak fine loam. subangular bloeky structure; friable; sand grains coated and Lynchburg soils occur with Goldsboro, Duplin, Lenoir, bridged; few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.2; gradual irregular . boundary. Coxville, Rains, Wahee, and Ocilla soils. Lynchburg soils 22 SOIL SURVEY are more poorly drained than Goldsboro and Duplin soils. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Lynchburg soils have a coarser textured subsoil than Goldsboro, Lenoir, Rains, and Ocilla soils; small wet areas, Lenoir and Wahee soils. Lynchburg soils are better which are shown on the map by wet spot symbols; and drained than Coxville and Rains soils and have a thinner areas of soils that have a loamy fine sand surface layer. surface layer than Ocilla soils. Also included are areas of soils that have a surface layer Lynchburg soils have moderate permeability. Surface and subsoil less than 60 inches thick. runoff is slow, a:nd available water capacity is medium. Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. The Typical profile of Lynchburg fine sandy loam; from in- remainder is in row crops and pasture. Tilth is generally tersection of S. C. Highway 402, S. C. Highway 41, and good. Drainage is required for the production of crops. Bob Morris (FS 174) Road, 4.5 miles northeast on Bob The' principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, Morris Road; 50 feet south of road: bahiagrass, and Coastal bermudagrass. Open ditches or tile drains (fig. 3), or both, are used to Al-0 to 4 inches, black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular drain this soil. Row crops can be grown each year. Grow- structure; very friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.5; ing and turning under a cover crop each year is necessary clear smooth boundary. to maintain the organic matter content and improve tilth A2-4 to 7 inches, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) fine sandy loam; common medium faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) mottles, and few fine and yields. Capability unit Ilw-2; woodland group 2w8. faint dark brown mottles around old root holes; moderate coarse granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very Meggett series strongly acid, p1l 4.8; clear smooth boundary. B1-7 to 12 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; few The @oils of the Meggett series are nearly level, deep, fine faint dark brown mottles around old root holes; weak fine sub- and poorly drained. They formed in clayey Coastal Plain angular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly sediment. acid, pH 4.7; clear wavy boundary. In a typical profile the surface layer is dark gray loam B21tg-12 to 28 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; pockets of sandy loam material around old root holes; common coarse distinct about 7 inches thick. The next layer is about 56 inches yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles and few fine prominent red thick; the upper 13 inches is dark gray, firm clay loam mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; and the lower 43 inches is mottled, gray, firm clay. The sand grains coated and bridged; common fine roots; very strongly underlying material is pale olive clay that has gray, acid, pH 4.7; clear wavy boundary. brownish yellow, and very dark brown mottles. B22tg-28 to 54 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; many coarse Meggett soils occur with Bohicket, Capers, Santee, distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles, few fine prominent dark red mottles, and few fine faint light gray mottles; moderate Bayboro, Bethera, Wahee, and Lenoir soils. Meggett soils medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated are not saturated with seawater as are Bohicket soils. and bridged; common fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear Meggett soils have lower sulphur and salt content than wavy boundary. Capers soils. Meggett soils are better drained than Santee B3g-54 to 65 inches, mottled gray (10YR 6/1), light gray (10YR 7/1), and Bayboro soils. Meggett soils have a nonacid subsoil, and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; pockets of sandy loam material around old root holes; weak fine subangular blocky whereas Bethera soils have a highly acid subsoil. Meggett structure; friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear soils are more poorly drained than Wahee and Lenoir smooth boundary. soils. Cg-65 to 80 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) clay; pockets of sandy clay and Meggett soils have slow permeability. Surface runoff is sandy clay loam material; common medium distinct yellowish brown very slow, and available water capacity is high. (10YR 5/6) mottles and few fine prominent red mottles; massive; Typical profile of Meggett loam, approximately 500 feet firm; few fine roots; extremely acid, pH 4.3. north of intersection of Strawberry Road and S. C. The solum ranges from 60 inches to more than 78 inches in thickness. Highway 402, 200 feet west of Strawberry Road: The profile ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid throughout. The A horizon is 7 to 19 inches thick. The A 1 horizon is 3 to 11 inches All-0 to 2 inches, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam; moderate fine thick. It is black, very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, or dark granular structure; friable; slightly plastic; many fine and medium gray. Where the A horizon is black or very dark grayish brown, it is less roots; strongly acid, pH 5.1; abrupt wavy boundary. than 10 inches thick. The A2 horizon, where present, is 2 to 16 inches A12-2 to 7 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; common medium distinct thick. It is light yellowish brown, light olive brown, pale brown, pale yel- reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and dark reddish brown (5YR 313) mottles low, olive yellow, or.olive brown. and few fine faint dark grayish brown mottles; moderate fine The BI horizon, where present, is 4 to 9 inches thick. It is yellowish granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly brown, light olive brown, or pale brown fine sandy loam or sandy loam. acid, pH 5.2; clear wavy boundary. The B2t horizon is 31 inches to more than 56 inches thick. It is com- B21tg-7 to 20 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish red, strong brown, and yellowish brown mottles; strong monly sandy clay loam, but in places it is sandy loam; in some places it coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular is sandy clay in the lower part. It is gray, light brownish gray, light blocky; firm, sticky and plastic; broken distinct clay films on faces gray, or brownish gray, or it is mottled in various shades of brown, red, of peds; common fine roots; few fine pores; slightly acid, pH 6A; and yellow. The B3 horizon, where present, is 11 to 40 inches thick. It is clear wavy boundary. dominantly gray and has common to many mottles in various shades of B22tg-20 to 40 inches, gray (5Y 5/1) clay; common medium and coarse red, yellow, and brown. Texture is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR loam. 5/6) mottles and few fine distinct yellowish brown mottles; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; Ly-Lynchburg fine sandy loam. This soil occurs in broken distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; few fine broad low areas. pores; neutral, pH 7.0; gradual wavy boundary. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 23 B23tg-40 to 54 inches, gray (5Y 6/1) clay; many medium distinct Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak medium angular blocky Santee, Bethera, and Bayboro soils. A few small areas of structure; firm, sticky and plastic; broken distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; few fine pores; mildly alkaline, pH 7.4; Meggett loam are also included. gradual wavy boundary. Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. Large B24tg-54 to 63 inches, gray (5Y 5/1) clay; many coarse prominent red- areas were once used for rice. These soils are rarely used dish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles and common fine distinct light olive for cropland, because of the problem of controlling water brown mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly and the thin clay loam surface layer. Water stands in un- sticky and plastic; broken distinct clay films on faces of peds; few small quartz and chert pebbles 1/8 inch to 1 1/2 inches in diameter; drained areas for several months at a time. Tilth is very neutral, pH 7.2; gradual wavy boundary. poor. Cg-63 to 74 inches, pale olive (5Y 6/4) clay; many medium distinct gray This soil is better suited to pasture grasses or timber (10YR 6/1), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and very dark brown than to most other uses. Capability unit VIw-1; woodland (10YR 2/2) mottles; massive; friable, slightly sticky and slightly group 1w9. plastic; gray clay intrusions from horizon above; mildly alkaline, pH 7A. The solum ranges from 50 to 72 inches in thickness. The A horizon is Norfolk series strongly acid to neutral, and the B horizon is slightly acid to moderately The soils of the Norfolk series are nearly level to alkaline. The A horizon is 2 to 15 inches thick. The Al horizon is 2 to 10 inches gently sloping, deep, and well drained. They formed in thick. It is black, very dark gray, very dark brown, very dark grayish loamy Coastal Plain sediment. brown, or dark gray loam or clay loam. Where the Al horizon is black, In a typical profile the surface layer is dark grayish very dark grayish brown, or very dark gray, it is less than 10 inches brown loamy sand about 6 inches thick. The next layer is thick. The A2 horizon, where present, is 3 to 10 inches of gray or light about 72 inches thick. In sequence from the top, the brownish gray loam. The B1 horizon, where present, is 4 to 9 inches thick. It is dark gray upper 29 inches is strong brown, friable sandy clay loam; or light gray clay or sandy clay. The B2t horizon is 32 inches to more the next 15 inches is yellowish brown, friable sandy clay than 50 inches thick. It is gray, dark gray, light gray, light brownish loam that has yellowish red mottles; the next 10 inches is gray, or light olive gray clay, sandy clay, or clay loam that has few to mottled, friable sandy clay loam; and the lower 18 inches many mottles in various shades of brown, red, yellow, or gray. The B3 horizon, where present, is 9 to 18 inches thick. It is light greenish gray, is mottled, friable sandy clay. The underlying material to gray, light brownish gray, or gray sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy a depth of more than 91 inches is yellowish red sandy clay, or clay. loam. The C horizon commonly is sandy clay or clay mixed with marl, soft Norfolk soils occur with Lucy, Bonneau, Ocilla, Duplin, marl, and shell fragments; in places, however, it is sand, sandy 'lay Goldsboro, Lynchburg, and Rains soils. Norfolk soils have loam, or clay. a yellower subsoil than Lucy soils. They have a thinner A Meggett soils in Berkeley County do not have an horizon than Lucy, Bonneau, and Ocilla soils. They have a abrupt textural change between the A and B horizons. coarser textured subsoil than Duplin soils and are better Use, behavior, and management, however, are the same drained than Ocilla, Duplin, Goldsboro, Lynchburg, and as for other Meggett soils. Rains soils. Mg-Meggett loam. This level to depressional soil is in Norfolk soils have moderate permeability. Surface ru- low, flat areas. It has the profile described as representa- noff and available water capacity are medium. tive for the series. Typical profile of Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of slopes, 0.8 mile west of J. K. Gourdin School and 900 feet Santee, Bethera, and Wahee soils. Also included are areas south of S. C. Highway 45 on dirt road, 300 feet west of of soils that have a silt loam, silty clay loam, and fine road: sandy loam surface layer; small areas of Meggett clay Ap-0 to 6 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; weak loam; and areas of soils that have a sandy clay loam sub- fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; medium acid, soil. pH 5.7; abrupt wavy boundary. About 90 percent of the acreage of this soil is in BI-6 to 9 inches, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; many woodland. Many areas are subject to flooding. Some areas coarse faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak fine suban- were formerly used for rice. Intensive surface drainage is gular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid, necessary for crop production. Where this soil is cul- pH 5.1; clear smooth boundary. B21t-9 to 35 inches, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak tivated, the principal crops are corn, small grain, and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and pasture grasses. The most suitable grasses are bahiagrass bridged; common fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.5; clear smooth and fescue. boundary. Tilth is deter-mined by the moisture content of the sur- B22t-35 to 50 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles and few face layer. This soil can be tilled only within a narrow medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles; weak medium sub- range of moisture content. Capability units IIIw-2, angular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; drained, and Vlw-1, undrained; woodland group 1w9. few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.5; clear smooth boundary. Mp-bleggett clay loam. This level to depressional soil 3323t-50 to 60 inches, mottled pale brown (10YR 6/3), light brownish is in low, flat areas. It has a profile similar to that gray (10YR 6/2), yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), yellowish red (5YR 4/6), and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangu- described as representative for the series, but the surface lar blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; very layer is clay loam 2 to 4 inches thick. strongly acid, pH 4.8; clear smooth boundary. 24 SOIL SURVEY 113-60 to 78 inches, mottled gray (10YR 6/1), yellowish brown (10YR Most of the acreage is in cultivation. The main crops 6/6), yellowish ired (5YR 5/6), and reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy are tobacco, cotton, corn, and soybeans. Bahiagrass and clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; pockets of sandy loam material; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; clear smooth boun- Coastal bermudagrass are among the better suited plants dary. for hay and pasture. C-78 to 91 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/8) sandy loam; few fine Erosion is the chief hazard on this soil. Contour tillage, prominent light gray mottles; massive; very friable; very strongly cropping systems that include sod crops, and grassed acid, pH 4.8. waterways are conservation practices that help to control The solum ranges, from 60 to 80 inches in thickness. The profile is erosion. Crop residue kept on or near the surface in.- very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout unless limed. creases water infiltration and reduces erosion. Capability The A horizon is 6 to 18 inches thick. The Ap horizon, where present, unit IIe-1; woodland group 2ol. is 3 to 6 inches thick. It is dark gray, very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, or dark brown. The A2 horizon, where present, is 11 to 15 inches thick. It is; light olive brown, light yellowish brown, yellowish Ocilla series brown, brownish yellow, very pale brown, or pale brown loamy sand or loamy fine sand. The soils of the Ocilla series are nearly level, deep, and The BI horizon, where present, is 3 to 6 inches thick. It is dark yel- somewhat poorly drained. They formed in loamy Coastal lowish brown, light yellowish brown, or yellowish brown sandy loam or 8 fine sandy loam. The B2t horizon is 39 inches to more than 50 inches Plain ediment. thick. It is brownish yellow, yellowish brown, strong brown, or light In a typical profile the surface layer is dark grayish olive brown and generally has few to many mottles in various shades of brown loamy fine sand about 7 inches thick. The subsur-- red, yellow, or brown. The lower part of the B2t horizon has few to face layer is loamy fine sand about 18 inches thick; the many gray mottles. It is sandy clay loam and sandy loam. The B3 upper 5 inches is pale brown, and the lower 13 inches is horizon, where present, ranges from 7 to 18 inches in thickness. It is sandy clay loam or sandy clay. It commonly is mottled gray, yellowish very pale brown. The next layer extends to a depth of brown, yellowish red, or reddish brown. more than 72 inches. In sequence from the top, the upper The C horizon is variable in color and texture. It is commonly mottled 9 inches is yellowish brown, friable sandy loam that has in various shades of :red, brown, yellow, and gray. pale brown and gray mottles; the next 7 inches is yel-- NoA-Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This lowish brown, friable sandy clay loam that has dark red nearly level soil occurs on broad ridges throughout the and gray mottles; and the lower 31 inches is mottled gray, county. It has the profile described as representative for friable sandy clay loam. the series. Ocilla soils occur with the Chipley, Echaw, Lucy, Bon- Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of neau, Norfolk, Goldsboro, Lynchburg, and Rains soils. Caroline, Lucy, 'Bonneau, and Goldsboro soils; some long Ocilla soils have a loamy Bt horizon that is lacking in narrow areas of Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent Chipley and Echaw soils. Ocilla soils are more poorly slopes, adjacent to drainageways; and some areas of soils drained than Lucy and Bonneau soils. Ocilla soils have a that have a loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam surface thicker A horizon than Norfolk, Goldsboro, Lynchburg, layer. Also included are small, wet, depressional areas, and Rains soils. less than 2 acres in size, which are shown on the map by Ocilla soils have rapid permeability in the surface layer wet spot symbols. There are also some areas of soils that and subsurface layer and moderate permeability in the have a clay decrease of more than 20 percent within 60 subsoil. Surface runoff is slow, and available water capaci- inches of the surface. ty is low. Most of the acreage of this soil is in cultivation. The Typical profile of Ocilla loamy fine sand; from intersec- principal crops are tobacco, cotton, corn, soybeans, tion of S. C. Highway 45 and State Secondary Highway bahiagrass, and Coastal bermudagrass. This soil is easily 23, 2.7 miles north of Diversion Canal, 1.1 miles east on tilled within a wide range of moisture content. State Secondary Highway 23; 50 feet north of road: Soil blowing is a hazard on some large fields. Strip- Ap-0 to 7 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand; cropping, windbreaks, rotations with perennial grasses, weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; and cropping systems that keep crop residue on the sur- medium acid, pH 6.0; clear smooth boundary. face are effective means of reducing the loss of soil and A21-7 to 12 inches, pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine sand; few medi- damage to crops. Capability unit I-1; woodland group 2ol. um distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) mottles; weak fine granular structure; few fine roots; medium acid, pH 6.0; clear NoB-Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This smooth boundary. gently sloping soil is on broad ridges and narrow slopes A22-12 to 25 inches, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loamy fine sand; few parallel to streams and drainageways. fine distinct yellowish brown mottles; weak fine granular structure; Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.5; abrupt smooth boundary. Caroline, Lucy, and Bonneau soils; a few small areas of Bl-25 to 34 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; common medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles and few fine distinct soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or slopes of gray mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; more than 6 percent; and some areas that have a fine strongly acid, pH 52; clear smooth boundary. sandy loam surface layer. Also included are small wet B21t-34 to 41 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; areas less than 2 acres in size, which are shown on the common coarse distinct dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles, common medi- um distinct gray (10YR 6/1) mottles, and few fine faint brownish map by wet spot symbols, and some areas of soils in yellow mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; sand which the clay content decreases by more than 20 percent grains coated and bridged; very strongly acid, pH 5.0; clear smooth within 60 inches of the surface. boundary. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 25 B22t-41 to 50 inches, mottled gray (10YR 6/1), brownish yellow (10YR Pamlico soils have moderate permeability. Surface ru- 6/6), and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangu- noff is ponded or very slow, and available water capacity lar blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; very is high. strongly acid, pH 5.0; clear smooth boundary. B23tg-50 to 72 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; common Typical profile of Pamlico muck; from the Charleston- coarse distinct dark red (10R 3/6) mottles; weak fine subangular Berkeley County line on State Secondary Highway 133, blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; very 2,800 feet northwest on State Secondary Highway 133; strongly acid, pH 5.0. 200 feet north of highway: The solum ranges from 60 inches to more than 80 inches in thickness. Oi-O to 3 inches, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fibric material; 70 per- The profile is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout unless cent fiber content after rubbing; friable; fibers are of roots, leaves, limed. twigs, and moss; extremely acid, pH 4.0; clear wavy boundary. The A horizon is 23 to 36 inches thick. The Al or Ap horizon is 3 to 13 Oal-3 to 9 inches, black (10YR 2/1) sapric material; 20 percent fiber; inches thick. It is very dark grayish brown, very dark gray, black, or weak coarse granular structure; friable, slightly sticky; many medi- dark grayish brown. Where the Al or Ap horizon is black, very dark um roots; extremely acid, pH 4.0; clear wavy boundary. grayish brown, or very dark gray, it is less than 10 inches thick. The A2 Oa2-9 to 28 inches, black (N 2/0) sapric material; 20 percent fiber; horizon is 11 to 30 inches thick. It is brown, light yellowish brown, gray- weak coarse granular structure; friable, slightly sticky; common fine ish brown, very pale brown, or pale brown. roots; few flakes of mica; extremely acid, pH 4.1; gradual wavy The Bl horizon, where present, is 4 to 9 inches. It is yellowish brown, boundary. pale brown, or light yellowish brown sandy loam or fine sandy loam. The IICIg-28 to 32 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand; B2t horizon is 19 inches to more than 45 inches thick. It is fine sandy common coarse faint black (N 2/0) mottles; weak fine granular loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam. The upper part of the B2t horizon structure; very friable; few fine roots; extremely acid, pH 4.2; is brown, yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, or brownish yellow gradual wavy boundary. and has few to many mottles in various shades of brown, yellow, gray, IIC2g-32 to 60 inches, black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; common medium and red. The lower part of the B2t horizon is dominantly gray and has faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) mottles and few medium faint few to many mottles of red, brown, and yellow. light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; weak fine granular struc- ture; very friable; common fine and medium roots; very strongly Oc-Ocilla loamy fine sand. This soil is in broad areas acid, pH 4.7. throughout the county. De th to the underlying sandy material ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of p This soil is extremely acid in the organic horizons and extremely acid or Bonneau, Lucy, Goldsboro, and Lynchburg soils; some very strongly acid in the underlying material. areas of soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent; The Oi horizon is 2 to 4 inches thick. It is black or very dark brown. and some small areas of wet soils in slight depressions, Fiber content is 70 to 85 percent after rubbing. The Oa horizon is 18 to which are shown on the map by wet spot symbols. Also 38 inches thick. It is black, very dark grayish brown, or very dark brown. Fiber content is 10 to 20 percent unrubbed. included are a few areas of soils that have a loamy sand The IIC2g horizon is fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. It is surface layer and subsurface layer and a few areas Of dark grayish brown, black, very dark gray, dark brown, dark reddish soils that have a medium acid or slightly acid subsoil. brown, grayish brown, very dark grayish brown, or very dark brown. About 80 percent of the acreage of this soil is in Pa-Pamlico muck. This soil is in level to depressional woodland (fig. 4). The rest is in row crops and pasture- areas and in Carolina Bays. Tilth is generally good. The principal crops are tobacco, Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of corn, soybeans, and small grain. Bahiagrass and sericea Pickney, Pantego, Witherbee, and Leon soils. Approxi- lespedeza are the plants best suited to this soil when it is mately 30 percent of this mapping unit is Pamlico muck used for pasture or hay. that has mineral layers of sandy loam, sandy clay loam, Open ditches or tile drains, or both, are used to drain clay loam, and silty clay below the organic surface layer this soil. Because they leach rapidly, fertilizer and lime and subsurface layer. are more effective on this soil if they are applied Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. A few frequently but in smaller amounts. Capability unit IIIw- areas have been drained and are used for pasture. The 11; woodland group 3w2. native vegetation is pond pine, sweetbay, sweetgum, cypress, greenbrier, and waxmyrtle bushes and an un- Pamlico series dergrowth of gallberry. This soil is flooded during heavy rains several times a year, and water remains on the sur- The soils of the Pamlico series are nearly level and face for long periods. very poorly drained. They formed in decomposed organic Extensive drainage and reclamation are necessary if matter overlying sandy Coastal Plain sediment. this soil is used for crops or pasture. This soil is better In a typical profile the surface layer and subsurface suited to trees than to most other uses. It provides layer are black muck about 28 inches thick. The underly- habitat for wildlife. Capability units IVw-5, drained, and ing material extends to a depth of more than 60 inches; VIIw-1, undrained; woodland group 4w3. the upper 4 inches is dark grayish brown loamy fine sand, and the lower 28 inches is black fine sand. Pantego series Pamlico soils occur with Pickney, Pantego, Witherbee, and Leon soils. Pamlico soils have an organic surface The soils of the Pantego series are nearly level, deep, layer and subsurface layer, which Pickney, Pantego, and very poorly drained. They formed in loamy Coastal Witherbee, and Leon soils do not have. Plain sediment. 26 SOIL SURVEY In a typical profile the surface layer is black fine sandy The A horizon is 10 to 20 inches thick. The Al horizon is 10 to 15 loam about 14 inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray inches thick. It is black or very dark gray. The A2 horizon, where present, is 4 to 8 inches thick. It is gray. fine sandy loam about 6 inches thick. The next layer is The B1 horizon, where present, is 3 to 13 inches thick. It is gray, dark about 45 inches thick. In sequence from the top, the grayish brown, or very dark gray sandy loam or fine sandy loam. The upper 19 inches is gray, friable sandy clay loam; the next 132t horizon is 19 inches to more than 44 inches thick. It is gray, very 9 inches is mottled gray, dark gray, light gray, and yel- dark gray, grayish brown, light brownish gray, or dark gray and has few to many mottles in various shades of gray, brown, black, red, and yellow. lowish brown, firm clay; and the lower 17 inches is gray, The upper part of the B2t horizon commonly is sandy clay loam, but in firm clay. The underlying material is gray sandy clay places it is sandy loam and clay loam. The lower part of the 132t horizon loam that extends to a depth of more than 80 inches. is sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. The B3 horizon, where Pantego soils occur with Bayboro, Meggett, Coxville, present, is 6 to 26 inches thick. It is dominantly gray and has common to many mottles in various shades of red, yellow, and brown. It is clay, Bethera, Rains, Byars, and Pickney soils. Pantego soils sandy clay, clay loam, or sandy clay loam. have a coarser -textured subsoil than Bayboro, Meggett ' Coxville, Bethera, and Byars soils. Pantego soils have a Pe-Pantego fine sandy loam. This soil is in broad, strongly acid or very strongly acid subsoil, but Meggett slightly depressional areas and along drainageways soils have a slightly acid to moderately alkaline subsoil. throughout the county. Pantego soils are more poorly drained than Meggett, Cox- Included in this soil are small areas of Rains, Bayboro, ville, Bethera, and Rains soils. Pantego soils have a finer Byars, Coxville, and Bethera soils and three areas, total- textured subsoil than Pickney soils, which are sandy ing about 200 acres, of soils that have a fragipan below throughout. the surface layer. Also included are areas of soils that Pantego soils have moderate permeability. Surface ru- have a loam surface layer and small areas of soils that noff is ponded or very slow, and available water capacity have a black or very dark gray surface layer more than is high. . 24 inches thick. Typical profile of Pantego fine sandy loam; from inter- Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. Where adequate outlets are available, some areas have been section of S. C. Highway 6 and U. S. Highway 17-A in town limits of Moncks Corner, 1.0 mile west on Highway drained and are used for pasture grasses, small grain, or 6, and 1,000 feet north on State Secondary Highway 510; row crops. 300 feet west of road: The seasonal high water table is a major hazard. Adequate drainage and intensive management are needed Al-0 to 14 inches, black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam; weak fine granu- if this soil is used for pasture grasses, small grain, or row lar structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; extremely crops. Large amounts of fertilizer and additions of or- acid, pH 4.1; clear irregular boundary. ganic matter are needed to maintain crop yields and good A2-14 to 20 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy loam; few fine faint tilth. Capability units IIIw4, drained, and VIw-2, un- black mottles around old root holes; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, drained; woodland group 1w9. pH 4.5; clear smooth boundary. B21tg-20 to 30 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; few fine faint Pickney series yellowish brown mottles and few fine faint black mottles around old root holes; weak fme subangular blocky structure; friable; sand The soils of the Pickney series are nearly level, deep, grains coated and bridged; many fine roots; very strongly acid, pH and very poorly drained. They formed in sandy Coastal 4.6; clear smooth boundary. B22tg-30 to 39 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; pockets of Plain sediment. sandy loam material around old root holes; common medium distinct In a typical profile the surface layer is black loamy fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles and few fine faint black mottles sand about 34 inches thick. The underlying material to a around old root holes; weak fine subangular blocky structure; fria- depth of more than 80 inches is dark gray fine sand. ble; sand grains coated and bridged; common fine roots; very Pickney soils occur with Cainhoy, Chipley, Echaw, strongly acid, pli 4.7; clear smooth boundary. Witherbee, Rains, Pantego, and Leon soils. They are more B31g-39 to 48 inches, mottled gray (10YR 5/1), dark gray (10YR 4/1), light gray (10YR 7/1), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; pockets poorly drained than all other associated soils except Pan- of sandy loam material around old root holes; moderate medium su- tego soils. They have a thicker black surface layer and a bangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few flakes of mica; coarser textured subsoil than Pantego soils. very strongly acid, pH 4.5; clear smooth boundary. Pickney soils have rapid permeability. Surface runoff is B32g-48 to 65 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) clay; many coarse faint grayish slow, and available water capacity is low. brown (10YR 5/2) mottles, few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles, and few fine faint dark gray and light gray mottles; Typical profile of Pickney loamy fine sand, 1.6 miles moderate medium subangular blocky structure; fu-m; few fine roots; southwest of intersection of Ackerman and Little Hell- few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid, pH 4.6; clear smooth hole Roads, 200 feet west of road: boundary. Cg-65 to 80 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; pockets of sandy 01-2 inches to 0, leaves, decomposed roots, and organic matter. material; many coarse faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; mas- A11-0 to 10 inches, black (N 2/0) loamy fine sand; weak fine granular sive; friable; strongly acid, pH 5.3. structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; few fine pores; extremely acid, pH 4.0; clear smooth boundary. The solurn ranges from 60 inches to more than 70 inches in thickness. A12-10 to 24 inches, black (N 2/0) loamy fine sand; weak fine granular The A horizon is strongly acid to extremely acid, and the B horizon is structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; common strongly acid or very strongly acid. fine pores; extremely acid, pH 4.3; clear smooth boundary. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 27 AIS-24 to 34 inches, black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand; weak fine Al-0 to 6 inches, black (N 2/0) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; very few fine pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear smooth boundary. strongly acid, pH 4.5; clear wavy boundary. CIg-34 to 69 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand; common medium A2-6 to 12 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy loam; few fine distinct faint white (10YR 8/1) mottles; single grained; loose; few fine roots; strong brown mottles and few coarse distinct black (N 2/0) mottles; strongly acid, pH 5.4; clear smooth boundary. weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and C2g-69 to 80 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand; single grained; medium roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear smooth boundary. loose; medium acid, pH 5.6. Bl-12 to 24 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; The profile is extremely acid to strongly acid in the A horizon and friable; common fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.5; clear smooth very strongly acid to medium acid in the C horizon. boundary. The A horizon is 26 to 48 inches thick. It is black, very dark gray, or B21tg-24 to 32 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; few fine very dark grayish brown. distinct pale brown mottles and common medium distinct strong The C horizon is dark gray, gray, light gray, light brownish gray, brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky struc- grayish brown, or dark grayish brown sand, fine sand, or loamy fine ture; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; common fine roots; sand. very strongly acid, pH 4.5; clear smooth boundary. B22tg-32 to 45 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy clay loam; common Pk-Pickney loamy fine sand. This soil occurs in medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles and few fine depressions and drainageways. distinct yellowish brown and pale brown mottles; moderate medium Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and Pamlico, Pantego, Chipley, Echaw, and Witherbee soils; bridged; few fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.6; clear smooth boundary. small areas of soils that have a black or very dark gray B31g-45 to 62 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy loam; few fine surface layer less than 24 inches thick; and areas of soils distinct strong brown and yellowish brown mottles and few fine that have a sandy loam subsoil. Also included are some faint white mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; areas of soils that have a fine sand and loamy sand sur- continuous sand skeletons on ped faces; few fine roots; common fine face layer. quartz grains and few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid, pH 4.6; clear smooth boundary. Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. Pasture B32g-62 to 78 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) fine sandy loam; few fine grass is the principal crop in cleared areas. distinct yellowish brown mottles and few fine faint brown mottles; Intensive drainage is required if this soil is used for weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; continuous sand skeletons on ped faces; few fine roots; common fine quartz pasture or row crops. Fertilizer and lime leach rapidly- grains and few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid, pH 4.7. This soil is generally unsuited to row crops. Capability units IVw-8, drained, and VIw-3, undrained; woodland The solum ranges from 60 inches to more than 78 inches in thickness. group lw9. The profile is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout except where limed. The Al horizon is 4 to 9 inches thick. It is very dark gray or black. Rains series The A2 horizon, where present, is 5 to 14 inches thick. It is grayish brown, light brownish gray, or gray. The soils of the Rains series are nearly level, deep, and The Bl horizon, where present, is 4 to 12 inches thick. It is grayish poorly drained. They formed in loamy Coastal Plain sedi- brown, light brownish gray, dark gray, or gray sandy loam or fine sandy ment. loam and has few to common mottles in various shades of gray, brown, and yellow. The B2t horizon is 21 to 49 inches thick. It is grayish brown, In a typical profile the surface layer is black fine sandy light brownish gray, light gray, gray, or dark gray fine sandy loam or loam about 6 inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray sandy clay loam. The B2t horizon commonly has few to many mottles in fine sandy loam about 6 inches thick. The next layer ex- various shades of brown, yellow, and gray. The B3 horizon, where tends to a depth of more than 78 inches. In sequence present, is 4 to 33 inches thick. It is gray, light gray, light brownish gray, dark grayish brown, or grayish brown. The B3 horizon commonly from. the top, the upper 12 inches is gTay, friable fine has few to many mottles in various shades of brown, yellow, red, and sandy loam; the next 21 inches is friable sandy clay loam, gray. Texture is commonly fine sandy loam, but in places it is sandy of which the upper 8 inches is mottled gray and the lower loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay. 13 inches is mottled dark gray; and the lower 33 inches is Clay content decreases by more than 20 percent within gray, friable fine sandy loam. 60 inches of the surface, and this decrease is more than Rains soils occur with Lynchburg, Lenoir, Wahee, Ocil- that defmed in the range for the series. Skeletons are la, Bayboro, Pantego, Meggett, Bethera, and Coxville present in the horizon that has a clay decrease. These dif- soils. Rains soils are more poorly drained than ferences, however, do not affect use and management of Lynchburg, Lenoir, Wahee, and Ocilla soils. They are these soils. better drained than Bayboro and Pantego soils. They Ra-Rains fine sandy loam. This soil is in slightly have a coarser textured subsoil than Meggett, Bethera, depressional areas. and Coxville soils. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Rains soils have moderate permeability. Surface runoff Coxville, Meggett, Bayboro, Pantego, Lynchburg, Lenoir, is slow, and available water capacity is medium. and Ocilla soils. Also included are some areas of soils that Typical profile of Rains fine sandy loam, in the Hell have a sandy loam, loamy sand, and loamy fine sand sur- Hole Bay area of the Francis Marion National Forest, face layer and subsurface layer. 6,200 feet southeast of Window Corner on Farewell About 80 percent of the acreage of this soil is in Corner Road, 3,700 feet northeast on dirt road, and 150 woodland. The remainder is in row crops and pasture. feet north of road: Drainage is required for crop production. 28 SOIL SURVEY Both open ditches and tile drains are used, and in mottles; massive; plastic and slightly sticky; few fine mots; larger fields a combination of these practices may be moderately alkaline, pH 8.0; gradual smooth boundary. C2g-67 to 75 inches, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) clay; few fine distinct required. This soil can be cultivated only within a narrow light gray mottles and few fine distinct grayish brown mottles; mas- range of moisture content, but it can be cropped inten- sive; plastic and slightly sticky; few fine roots; moderately alkaline, sively when adequate drainage is provided. Returning pH 82; clear smooth boundary. crop residue and using cropping systems that include C3g-75 to 85 inches, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) clay; few fine faint frequent sod crops are necessary to maintain good tilth olive gray mottles; massive; plastic and slightly sticky; pockets and and productivity. Capability units IIIw-4, drained, and lenses of sand; few fine flakes of mica; moderately alkaline, pH 8.4. IVw-3, undrained; woodland group 2w9. The solum ranges from 45 inches to more than 60 inches in thickness. The A horizon ranges from neutral to strongly acid, and the B horizon ranges from mildly alkaline to medium aci'd. Santee series The A horizon is 10 to 15 inches thick. It is very dark gray, very dark brown, or black. The soils of the Santee series are nearly level, deep, The 132t horizon ranges from 36 inches to more than 46 inches in and very poorly drained. They formed in clayey Coastal thickness. It is clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. The B2t horizon is mottled Plain sediment. gray, dark gray, and brownish yellow, or it is dominantly gray, dark In a typical profile, the surface layer is black loam gray, or light brownish gray and has few to many mottles in various about 14 inches thick. The next layer is 36 inches of shades of gray, yellow, red, and brown. The B3 horizon, where present, is 9 to 16 inches thick. It is sandy clay or clay. The B3 horizon is plastic and sticky clay; the upper 11 inches is light greenish gray or gray, or it has few to common mottles in various brownish gray, and the lower 25 inches is dominantly shades of gray, brown, and red. gray. The underlying material to a depth of more than 85 The C horizon is gray, dark gray, light gray, or dark greenish gray inches is clay; the upper 17 inches is mottled dark gray sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. and the lower 18 inches is dark greenish gray. Sa-Santee loam. This soil is in low depressional areas. Santee soils occur with Bohicket, Capers, Meggett, Included with this soil in mapping are some areas of Wahee, Lenoir, Bethera, and Bayboro soils. Santee soils Pantego, Bayboro, Meggett, Bethera, Capers, and are not saturated with saltwater as are Bohicket soils. Bohicket soils; some areas of soils that have a clay loam They have lower sulphur and salt content than Capers surface layer and sandy clay loam subsoil; and a few soils. They are more poorly drained than Meggett, Wahee, areas of soils that have a black or very dark gray surface Lenoir, and Bethera soils. Santee soils have a nonacid layer more than 24 inches thick or less than 10 inches subsoil, whereas Bayboro soils have an acid subsoil. thick. Also included are a few small areas of soils that Santee soils have slow permeability. Surface runoff is have more than 30 percent silt in the subsoil. very slow, and available water capacity is high. Most of the acreage of this soil is in woodland. It is a Typical profile of Santee loam; from intersection of At- productive site for pine trees if good management prac- lantic Coast Line Railroad and Secondary State Highway tices, such as providing adequate drainage, are used. A 9, 6,350 feet southeast on railroad; 300 feet west of rail- few areas are in pasture and cultivated crops. Principal road: crops are soybeans and corn. Much of this soil is subject A11-0 to 4 inches, black (N 2/0) loam; moderate Jrme granular struc- to occasional to frequent flooding. ture; friable; many fine and medium roots; slightly acid, pH 6.6-1 Extensive surface drainage systems are necessary abrupt smooth boundary. when this soil is used for crops or pasture. It is difficult A12-4 to 14 inches, black (N 2/0) loam; moderate medium granular to drain because of its low elevation and plastic subsoil. structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; neutraL pH 6.8; The water table is at or near the surface About 6 months abrupt smooth boundary. yearly. Capability units IIIw-2, drained, and VIw-1, un- B21tg-14 to 25 inches, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay; common medium faint gray (5Y 5/1) mottles, few medium faint greenish drained; woodland group 1w9. gray (5GY 5/1)mottles, and black staining around old roots and root channels; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; plastic and Seagate series sticky; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine roots; neutral, pH 7.3; clear wavy boundary. The soils of the Seagate series are nearly level, deep, B22tg-25 to 35 inches, gray (SY 5/1) clay; few medium faint light olive and somewhat poorly drained. They formed in loamy brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles and few fine faint greenish gray mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; plastic and sticky; Coastal Plain sediment. patchy distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; mildly al- In a typical profile the surface layer is black loamy kaline, pH 7.8; clear wavy boundary. sand about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray B23tg-35 to 50 inches, gray (5Y 5/1) clay; few coarse distinct black loamy sand about 3 inches thick. The next layer is about 6 (10YR 2/1) mottles, common medium prominent yellowish brown inches of loamy sand that is weakly cemented by organic (10YR 5/6) mottles, few medium faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) mottles, and few fine distinct light olive brown mottles; weak medium sub- matter. The upper 3 inches is dark reddish brown, and angular blocky structure; plastic and sticky; patchy faint clay films the lower 3 inches is mottled dark brown, brown, pale on faces of peds; few fine roots; mildly alkaline, pH 7.8; gradual brown, and dark reddish brown. Beneath this layer is red- smooth boundary. dish yellow loamy sand about 15 inches thick. The next CIg-50 to 67 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; many coarse distinct grayish green (5G 5/2) mottles, many coarse distinct light olive layer is gray and extends to a depth of about 82 inches. brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles, and few coarse faint black (10YR 2/1) The upper 14 inches is friable sandy loam, and the lower BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 29 40 inches is friable sandy clay loam. The underlying Seagate soils in Berkeley County have a sandy loam material is mottled gray and yellowish brown coarse B'2tg horizon at a depth of 28 to 42 inches. It is about 65 sandy loam. percent fine and coarser sand; therefore, these soils are Seagate soils occur with the Chipley, Echaw, Wither- not in the sandy over loamy family. This difference, how- bee, Leon, Norfolk, Goldsboro, Ocilla, and Lynchburg ever, does not affect the use and management of these soils. Seagate soils have a loamy B horizon that is lacking soils. in Chipley, Echaw, and Witherbee soils. They are better Se-Seagate loamy sand. This soil is on broad, smooth drained than Leon soils. They have a weakly cemented interstream divides. organic layer that is lacking in Norfolk, Goldsboro, Ocilla, Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of and Lynchburg soils. Goldsboro, Ocilla, Lynchburg, Rains, and Leon soils; small, Seagate soils have rapid permeability in the upper wet, depressional areas, which are shown on the map by sandy horizons and moderate permeability in the lower wet spot symbols; and areas of soils that have a loamy part of the subsoil. Surface runoff is slow, and available fine sand andfine sand surface layer. Also included is one water capacity is low. large area of soils, approximately 800 acres in size, that is Typical profile of Seagate loamy sand; from intersec- less acid in the subsoil. tion of U. S. Highway 176 and State Secondary Highway About 85 percent of the acreage of this soil is in 32, 0.75 mile west on U. S. Highway 176 and 100 feet woodland. Tilth is generally good. Principal crops grown north of road: on this soil are corn, soybeans, small grain, bahiagrass, Al-0 to 4 inches, black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand; few light gray sand and Coastal bermudagrass. grains; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and Open ditches or tile drains, or both, are used to drain medium roots; extremely acid, pH 3.7; abrupt smooth boundary. this soil. If adequate drainage and other good manage- A2-4 to 7 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) loamy sand; few fine faint dark ment practices are used, this soil can be used for row grayish brown mottles; weak fine granular structure; very friable; crops each year. Growing and turning under a crop few fine roots; extremely acid, pH 4.0; abrupt smooth boundary. B211-7 to 10 inches, dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) loamy sand; com- residue every year helps to maintain the organic matter mon medium faint dark brown (10YR 4/3) mottles; massive; friable, content and improve tilth and yields. Capability unit brittle and slightly cemented; extremely acid, pH 4A; abrupt smooth IIIw-6; woodland group M. boundary. B22h-10 to 13 inches, mottled dark brown (10YR 3/3), brown (10YR 5/3), pale brown (10YR 6/3), and dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) Tawcaw series loamy sand; massive; friable, brittle and slightly cemented; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; clear smooth boundary. The soils of the Tawcaw series are nearly level and A'2-13 to 28 inches, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) loamy sand; common somewhat poorly drained. They formed in clayey alluvial coarse faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and very pale brown (10YR sediment on flood plains. They are subject to frequent 7/3) mottles; weak fine granular blocky structure; very friable, brit- flooding. tle in some peds; very strongly acid, pH 4.9; diffuse irregular boun- In a typical profile the surface layer is dark brown clay dary. B'21tg-28 to 42 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; common medium loam about 6 inches thick. The next layer extends to a and coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium depth of more than 70 inches. In sequence from the top, subangular blocky structure; friable; extremely acid, pH 4.4; clear the upper 17 inches is brown clay loam, the next 27 inches wavy boundary. is mottled light gray clay loam, and the lower 20 inches is B'22tg-42 to 82 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular yellowish red sandy clay loam that has light brownish blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; very gray mottles. strongly acid, pH 4.6; gradual wavy boundary. Tawcaw soils occur with Chastain and Meggett soils. Cg-82 to 92 inches, mottled gray (10YR 6/1) and yellowish brown Tawcaw soils are better drained than Chastain and Meg- (10YR 5/6) coarse sandy loam; friable; very strongly acid, pH 4.7. gett soils. The solum ranges from 60 inches to more than 82 inches in thickness. Tawcaw soils have slow permeability. Surface runoff is The profile is extremely acid to medium acid throughout. slow, and available water capacity is medium. The A horizon is 4 to 13 inches thick. The Al or Ap horizon is 4 to 8 Typical profile of Tawcaw clay loam in an area of Taw- inches thick. It is black, very dark gray, or dark gray. The A2 horizon, where present, ranges from 1 inch to 9 inches in thickness. It is gray, caw association, frequently flooded, 3 miles west of J. K. light brownish gray, or light gray loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Gourdine School on S. C. Highway 45, 1.5 miles past The Bh horizon is 4 to 9 inches thick. It is dark reddish brown, dark Oakland Hunting Club on dirt road; near Santee River: brown, very dark grayish brown, or black, or it is mottled with various shades of brown. The texture of the Bh horizon is loamy sand or loamy Al-0 to 6 inches, dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay loam; weak medium sub- fine sand. angular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; The A2 horizon is 4 to 16 inches thick. It is reddish yellow, pale strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear smooth boundary. brown, brownish yellow, or light yellowish brown fine sand, sand, or B21-6 to 14 inches, brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; common fine faint pale loamy sand. brown and yellowish brown mottles; strong medium angular blocky The B2t horizon is 32 to 54 inches thick. It commonly is sandy loam structure; firm; few pressure faces on peds; many fine and medium or sandy clay loam, but in places it is clay loam or sandy clay in the roots; few coarse pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; gradual smooth lower part. The B2t horizon is gray, light gray, light brownish gray, boundary. strong brown, brownish yellow, or light yellowish brown and has mottles B22-14 to 23 inches, brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; common come in various shades of brown, yellow, or gray. distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles and common medium 30 SOIL SURVEY distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 614) mottles; weak coarse 5 to 50 feet high, and 300 feet to 3 miles long. The tops of prismatic structure that readily parts to strong coarse subangular the bands are irregular, and slopes range from about 30 blocky; friable; few pressure faces on peds; common fine roots; com- to 75 percent. In addition to the areas along the canals, mon medium pores; very strongly acid, pH 5.0; gradual smooth boundary. there are a few areas near some rivers where materials B23-23 to 50 inches, light gray (2.5YR 7/2) clay loam; common coarse have been dumped during river-deepening operations. prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles and common medium The fine earth fraction of the soil material is domi- distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; weak coarse subangu- nantly sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay. Mostly lar blocky structure; friable; few pressure faces on peds; few fine roots; common fine and medium pores; common fine flakes of mica; it is brownish in color. Much variation in texture occurs strongly acid, pH 5.1; diffuse wavy boundary. within short distances, and some areas are more sandy B3-50 to 70 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; many and some are more clayey. Coarse fragments of sea shells coarse prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; moderate and hard marl or limestone, ranging from fine gravel to coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few pressure faces on peds; commonfine flakes of mica; strongly acid, pH 5.5. stones in size, are throughout most areas. Content of coarse fragments ranges from about 10 to 50 percent, but The solum ranges from 45 inches to more than 70 inches in thickness. most areas are less than 35 percent coarse fragments. The profile is very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout. . I The soils are neutral to moderately alkaline. The A horizon is 4 to 10 inches thick. It is dark brown, dark yellowish A few areas of this mapping unit have been smoothed brown, or brown. The B2 horizon commonly is 32 inches to more than 50 inches thick. It for homesites, and a few areas have had much of the is brown, light gray, grayish brown, light brownish gray, dark brown, material hauled away for fill, but about 98 percent of it is yellowish brown, or dark yellowish brown and has few to many mottles covered by trees with fairly dense understory vegetation. in various shades of gray, yellow, brown, and red. It is silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay. Mottles that have a chroma of 2 or less are Capability unit VIIs-3; woodland group 4r8. within 24 inches of the surface. The B3 horizon, where present, is 17 to 20 inches thick. It is yellowish red or light brownish gray and has strong Wahee series brown, black, and gray mottles. It is loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam. The soils of the Wahee series are nearly level, deep, TA-Tawcaw association, frequently flooded. This as- and somewhat poorly drained. They formed in clayey sociation consists of Tawcaw soils and of similar Coastal Plain sediment. somewhat poorly drained alluvial soils on the flood plains In a typical profile the surface layer is very dark gray of the Santee River. It was mapped at a lower intensity loam about 5 inches thick. The next layer extends to a than were most other units in this survey area. depth of more than 73 inches. In sequence from the top, Included with these soils in mapping are a few small the upper 4 inches is light yellowish brown, friable silty areas of Meggett and Chastain soils; some areas that clay loam; the next 4 inches is mottled grayish brown, have a loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam surface layer, firm silty clay loam; the next 22 inches is mottled gray, and some areas that have a sandy loam subsoil. Approxi- firm silty clay; the next 16 inches is mottled gray, firm mately 5 percent of the acreage of this association con- clay; and the lower 22 inches is mottled gray, friable sists of long narrow depressions; these areas are flooded sandy clay loam. for longer periods than the other included soils, and they Wahee soils occur with Craven, Duplin, Goldsboro, are grayer throughout the profile than the Tawcaw soils. Lenoir, Lynchburg, Rains, Bethera, Meggett, and Bayboro Approximately 95 percent of the acreage of this as- soils. Wahee soils are more poorly drained than Craven, sociation is in woodland. The remainder is in row crops Duplin, and Goldsboro soils. Wahee soils have a thinner and pasture. These soils are subject to flooding for brief subsoil than Lenoir soils. Wahee soils have a finer tex- periods. Drainage and protection from flooding are tured subsoil than Lynchburg soils. Wahee soils are required before. these soils can be used for either pasture better drained than Rains, Bethera, Meggett, and or crops. Natural fertility is medium, and the response to Bayboro soils. fertilizer and lime is good. The principal crops in these Wahee soils have slow permeability. Surface runoff is cultivated areas are corn and soybeans. slow, and available water capacity is high.. The soils are better suited to timber production than to Typical profile of Wahee loam; from intersection of S.C. most other uses. Capability unit VIIw-3; woodland group Highway 402 and S.C. Highway 41, 4 miles north on S.C. 1w8. Highway 41 and 0.75 mile east on Conifer Road; 40 feet south of road: Udorthents A11-0 to 3 inches, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, UD-Udorthents. These areas consist mainly of soil pH 4.5; clear smooth boundary. materials that were excavated and piled along the water- A12-3 to 5 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; common fine faint gray- ways during the construction of the Diversion Canal, ish brown and dark grayish brown mottles; weak fine granular from Lake Marion to Lake Moultrie, and the Tailrace structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.9; clear smooth boundary. Canal, from Lake Moultrie to the Cooper River. The soil B21t-5 to 9 inches, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silty clay loam; materials are in narrow bands on either side of the two common fine faint yellowish brown and pale brown mottles; weak canals, commoinly in strips 50 to 200 feet wide at the base, fine subangular bloeky structure; friable, slightly plastic; patchy BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 31 faint clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium roots; few Row crops can be grown each year, but drainage and fine pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; clear wavy boundary. other conservation practices are necessary to improve B22t-9 to 13 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; many fine prominent strong brown and red mottles; moderate medium su- tilth and yields. Capability unit IIIw-3; woodland group bangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky and plastic; broken 2w8. distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium roots; few fine and medium pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; clear wavy Witherbee series boundary. B23tg-13 to 35 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; many medium The soils of the Witherbee series are nearly level, deep, distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mottles and many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular and somewhat poorly drained. They formed in sandy blocky structure; firm; broken distinct clay films on faces of peds; Coastal Plain sediment. few fine and medium roots; few fine pores; very strongly acid, pH In a typical profile the surface layer is dark gray fine 4.8; gradual wavy boundary. sand about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light B24tg-35 to 46 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; many medium distinct yellowish brown fine sand about 18 inches thick; it has light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mottles and many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky yellowish red and light gray mottles in the lower 13 structure; firm; patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine inches. The next layer is fine sand that extends to a roots; few fine pores; very strongly acid, pH 4.9; clear wavy boun- depth of more than 108 inches. In sequence from the top, dary. the upper 3 inches is mottled dark brown, yellowish B25tg-46 to 51 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; many medium distinct brown, and light yellowish brown; the next 12 inches is light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mottles and many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky dark reddish brown; the next 10 inches is black; the next structure; firm; very strongly acid, pH 4.7; abrupt irregular bounda- 42 inches is dark reddish brown; and the lower 16 inches ry. is dark brown. B3g-51 to 73 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; many medium Witherbee soils occur with Cainhoy, Pickney, Rains, distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mottles and few fine faint ine subangular blocky structure; fria- grayish brown mottles; weak fi Chipley, and Echaw soils. Witherbee soils are more poorly ble; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid, pH 4.9. drained than Cainhoy, Chipley, and Echaw soils. Wither- The solum ranges from 58 inches to more than 75 inches in thickness. bee soils are better drained than Pickney soils. Witherbee The profile is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout. soils have a coarser textured subsoil than Rains soils. The A horizon is 3 to 8 inches thick. The Ap horizon or Al horizon is Witherbee soils have rapid permeability. Surface runoff very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, or dark is slow, and available water capacity is low. gray. The A2 horizon, where present, is about 3 inches thick. It is pale Typical profile of Witherbee fine sand, 2,300 feet brown loam or fine sandy loam. southwest of intersection of Harleston Dam Road and The BI horizon, where present, is 3 to 7 inches thick. It is light olive State Secondary Highway 133 on Harleston Dam Road, brown, dark yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, brown, or pale brown sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam. The B2t horizon is 60 feet west of road: 30 to 46 inches thick. It is commonly clay, but in places it is silty clay Al-0 to 7 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand; weak fine granular loam, clay loam, or silty clay. The B2t horizon commonly is dominantly structure; very friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid, pH 4.8; gray and has common to many mottles in various shades of red, yellow, clear smooth boundary. and brown. The upper part of the B2t horizon is dark yellowish brown, A21-7 to 12 inches, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sand; weak light yellowish brown, pale brown, light olive brown, or grayish brown, fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid, or is mottled with gray, red, yellow, and brown. The B3 horizon, where pH 5.4; clear wavy boundary. present, is 11 to 22 inches thick. It is dominantly gray and has few to A22-12 to 25 inches, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sand; few many mottles in various shades of red, yellow, and brown. It is sandy medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles and common clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. coarse distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) mottles; weak fine granular Wa-Wahee loam. This soil occurs in broad areas structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid, pH 5.3; gradual throughout the county. irregular boundary. A&B-25 to 28 inches, mottled light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), dark Included in this soil in mapping are small areas of brown (10YR 4/3), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand; weak Lenoir, Duplin, Craven, Bethera, Meggett, and Bayboro fine granular structure; very friable; few fine root channels filled soils; small, wet, depressional areas, which are shown on with fight gray sand; medium acid, pH 6.0; gradual wavy boundary. the map by wet spot symbols; and some areas of soils B211-28 to 40 inches, dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) fine sand; common coarse distinct black (10YR 2/1) mottles; weak fine granular struc- that have a nonacid subsoil. Also included are some areas ture; very friable; medium acid, pH 6.0; diffuse wavy boundary. of soils that have a fine sandy loam surface layer and B22h-40 to 50 inches, black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; many coarse distinct areas of soils that have an abrupt texture change dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) mottles; single grained; loose; medi- between the surface layer and the subsoil. um acid, pH 5.7; diffuse wavy boundary. About 90 percent of the acreage of this soil is in B23h-50 to 92 inches, dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) fine sand; many coarse distinct black (10YR 2/1) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) mot- woodland. The remainder is in row crops and pasture. tles; single grained; loose; medium acid, pH 5.8; diffuse wavy boun- Drainage is needed for maximum yields of crops. The dary. amount of clay in the surface layer and subsurface layer B24h-92 to 108 inches, dark (10YR 3/3) fine sand; single grained; loose; restricts the range of moisture content within which this slightly acid, pH 62. soil is easily tilled. The principal crops grown are corn, The profile is medium acid to extremely acid in the A horizon and soybeans, cabbage, small grain, and pasture grasses. slightly acid to very strongly acid in the Bh horizon. 32 SOIL SURVEY The A horizon is 15 to 29 inches thick. The Al horizon is 3 to 12 structures, caused by unfavorable soil properties, can be inches thick. It is black, very dark gray, dark gray, very dark grayish avoided. A site where soil properties are favorable can be brown, dark grayish brown, very dark brown, or olive brown. The A2 horizon is 8 to 26 inches thick. It is brownish yellow, light yellowish selected, or practices that will overcome the soil limita- brown, yellowish brown, pale brown, light brownish gray, or light gray. tions can be planned. The Bh horizon is between depths of 50 inches and more than 108 Planners and others using the soil survey can evaluate inches. It is black, dark brown, very dark brown, dark reddish brown, the impact of specific land uses on the overall productivi- very dark grayish brown, very dark gray, or dark gray. ty of the survey area or other broad planning area and on Wt-Witherbee fine sand. This soil occurs in broad the environment. Productivity and the environment are depressional areas. closely related to the nature of the soil. Plans should Included with this soil in mapping are some areas of maintain or create a land-use pattern in harmony with the Pickney, Leon,Pamlico, Cainhoy, Ocilla, Lynchburg, Gold- natural soil. sboro, Chipley, and Echaw soils; some areas of soils that Contractors can find information that is useful in locat- have loamy sand or sandy loam layers above a layer that ing sources of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. Other has organic stains; and some areas of soils that do not information indicates the presence of organic pans, wet- have a layer with organic stains. Also included are some ness, or very firm soil horizons that cause difficulty in ex- areas of soils that have a loamy fine sand surface layer cavation. and subsurface layer. Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and many Approximately 95 percent of the acreage of this soil is other specialists also can find useful information in this in woodland. Pasture grass is the major crop on the soil survey. The safe disposal of wastes, for example, is remaining 5 percent. A few small areas of soils are closely related to properties of the soil. Pavements, side- planted to soybeans and truck crops. walks, campsites, playgrounds, lawns, and trees and Drainage improves yields of pasture or row crops. Tile shrubs are influenced by the nature of the soil. drains or open ditches, or both, are used to drain this soil. Open ditches, however, are difficult to maintain because Crops and pasture of the sloughing action of the sandy subsoil. Returning The major management concerns in the use of the soils crop residue to the soil and using soil improving crops at for crops and pasture are described in this section. In ad- least 1 year out of 3 are needed to maintain good tilth dition, the crops or pasture plants best suited to the soil, and the supply of organic matter. Capability unit IIIw_1; including some not commonly grown in the survey area, woodland group 2w8. are discussed; the system of land capability classification used by the Soil Conservation Service is explained; and Use and management of the soils the estimated yields of the main crops and hay and pasture plants are presented for each soil. The soil survey is a detailed inventory and evaluation This section provides information about the overall of the most basic resource of the survey area-the soil. It agricultural potential of the survey area and about the is useful in adjusting land use, including urbanization, to needed management practices. The information is useful the limitations and potentials of natural resources and the to equipment dealers, land improvement contractors, fer- environment. Also, it can help avoid soil-related failures tilizer companies, processing companies, planners, conser- in uses of the land. vationists, and others. For each kind of soil, information While a soil survey is in progress, soil scientists, con- about management is presented in the section servationists, engineers, and others keep extensive notes "Descriptions of the soils." Planners of management about the nature of the soils and about unique aspects of systems for individual fields or farms should also consider behavior of the soils. These notes include data on erosion, the detailed information given in the description of each drought damage to specific crops, yield estimates, flood- soil. ing, the functioning of septic systems, and other factors General management of cropland affecting the productivity, potential, and limitations of the soils under various uses and management. In this way, Most soils in the county require similar basic, or field experience and measured data on soil properties and general, management practices to produce satisfactory performance are used as a basis for predicting soil yields. These include applying lime and the proper fertil- behavior. izer, maintaining the organic matter content of the soil, Information in this section is useful in planning use and selecting a good cropping system, tilling the soil properly, management of soils for crops and pasture, and woodland, controlling erosion, and improving drainage. These basic and as sites for buildings, highways and other transporta- management practices are discussed in the following tion systems, sanitary facilities, parks and other recrea- paragraphs. tion facilities, and wildlife habitat. From the data Estimating needs for fertilizer and lime.-Most of the presented, the potential of each soil for specified land soils in Berkeley County are acid and are low in natural uses can be determined, soil limitations to these land uses fertility. Nearly all require regular applications of lime can be identified, and costly failures in houses and other and fertilizer for good crop yields. The kind of fertilizer BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 33 and the amount of lime and fertilizer to apply are most especially susceptible to soil blowing when they have efficiently determined by a soil test. been freshly plowed and when the surface layer is dry Some of the soils of this county leach rapidly, and lime during spring. Windbreaks, cover crops, wind strip- and fertilizer are soon lost for crop use. Lime and fertil- cropping, and tillage systems that leave crop residue on izer are more effective on such soils when they are ap- the surface are used to control soil blowing. plied more frequently but in smaller amounts. Most soils in Berkeley County that are used for crops The grasses and legumes in Berkeley County's pastures and that have slopes of more than 2 percent are subject require regular applications of lime, nitrogen, phosphorus, to erosion. Erosion can be controlled by water manage- and potash for sustained high production, but these ment systems that include the use of diversions, terraces, grasses and legumes will provide erosion control if contour tillage, and grassed waterways. Cropping systems minimal applications of lime and fertilizer are used. that include sod crops in a rotation and tillage that leaves Maintaining organic matter.-Most of the soils in this protective residue on the surface also help to control ero- county are low or moderate in organic matter content. It sion. is not practical in most cases to significantly increase the Drainage.-Drainage is essential for good crop produc- organic matter content, but the present level can be main- tion on many soils in Berkeley County, especially those in tained or perhaps slightly increased over a long period. the Lenoir, Coxville, and Lynchburg series. Drainage Crop residue, cover crops, and a rotation that includes ditches and tile drainage systems are used in this county, sod crops are the primary sources of organic matter in and they are often used in combination. Land smoothing Berkeley County. Rye is one of the better cover crops in and bedding systems are sometimes used also. the county, and all the grasses and legumes suited to the soils of the county can be used in rotations as sod crops. Capability classes and subclasses Selecting a suitable cropping system.-A cropping Capability classes and subclasses show, in a general system that maintains organic matter content is needed. way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops. If cover crops and crop residue, especially that from The soils are classed according to their limitations when legumes, are plowed under, the yield potential of the suc- they are used for field crops, the risk of damage when ceeding crops will be increased. Suitable cropping systems they are used, and the way they respond to treatment. help to control erosion, insects, plant disease, and weeds- The grouping does not take into account major and The additional organic matter gained through a suitable generally expensive landforming that would change slope, cropping system absorbs plant nutrients and releases depth, or other characteristics of the soils; does not take them to crops over a long period. Lack of organic matter into consideration possible but unlikely major reclamation causes fertilizer, especially nitrogen, to leach out if it is projects; and does not apply to horticultural crops or not quickly taken up by a growing crop. other crops that require special management. Capability The soils of the county are particularly well suited to classification is not a substitute for interpretations warm season plants. Corn, cotton, tobacco, and soybeans designed to show suitability and limitations of groups of are the principal row crops. Wheat is the primary small soils for forest trees or for engineering purposes. grain; oats and barley are secondary. Coastal bermu- In the capability system, all kinds of soil are grouped at dagrass is used extensively for pasture and hay. Sericea three levels: capability class, subclass, and unit. These lespedeza, tall fescue, and bahiagrass are used to a lesser levels are defined in the following paragraphs. A survey extent. area may not have soils of all classes. Tillage.-Most of the arable soils in Berkeley County CAPABILITY CLASSES, the broadest groups, are can be tilled within a wide range of moisture conditions. designated by Roman numerals I through VIII. The nu- Exceptions are such soils as those in the Craven, Meg- merals indicate progressively greater limitations and nar- gett, and Bethera series, which have a relatively fine tex- rower choices for practical use; they are defined as fol- tured topsoil and which puddle, pack, and become cloddy lows: if tilled when wet. Other soils, especially those in the Class I soils have few limitations that restrict their use. Bonneau, Norfolk, and Goldsboro series, develop a com- Class II soils have moderate limitations that reduce the pacted restrictive layer called a tillage pan or plowsole if choice of plants or that require moderate conservation the soils are tilled repeatedly at the same depth. Using practices. sod crops and varying the depth of tillage prevent the Class III soils have severe limitations that reduce the formation of a plowpan. choice of plants, or that require special conservation prac- Tillage systems that leave a mulch of crop residue on tices, or both. the surface of the soil have been successful in Berkeley Class IV soils have very severe limitations that reduce County. These systems disturb the soil the least, return the choice of plants, or that require very careful manage- organic matter to the soil, and help to prevent soil blow- ment, or both. ing and erosion. Class V soils are not likely to erode but have other Erosion control.-Soil erosion may be caused by wind limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their use. or water in Berkeley County. Large fields with soils such Class VI soils have severe limitations that make them as those in the Bonneau, Norfolk, and Cainhoy series are generally unsuitable for cultivation. 34 SOIL SURVEY Class VII soils have very severe limitations that make and seeding rates; suitable high-yielding crop varieties; them unsuitable! for cultivation. appropriate tillage practices, including time of tillage and Class VIII soils and landforms have limitations that seedbed preparation and tilling when soil moisture is nearly preclude their use for commercial crop production. favorable; control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful CAPABILITY SUBCLASSES are soil groups within insects; favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of one class; they are designated by adding a small letter, e, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for W, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, He. The each crop; effective use of crop residues, barnyard letter e shows that the main limitation is risk of erosion manure, and green-manure crops; harvesting crops with unless close-growing plant cover is maintained; w shows the smallest possible loss; and timeliness of all fieldwork. that water in or on the soil interferes with plant growth The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity of or cultivation (in some soils the wetness can be partly the soils for each of the principal crops. Yields are likely corrected by artificial drainage); s shows that the soil is to increase as new production technology is developed. limited mainly because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; The productivity of a given soil compared with that of and c, used in only some parts of the United States, other soils, however, is not likely to change. shows that the chief limitation is climate that is too cold Crops other than those shown in table 2 are grown in or too dry. the survey area, but estimated yields are not included In class I there are no subclasses because the soils of because the acreage of these crops is small. The local of- this class have few limitations. Class V contains only the. fices of the Soil Conservation Service and the Coopera- subclasses indicated by w, s, or c because the soils in class tive Extension Service can provide information about the V are subject to little or no erosion, though they have management concerns and productivity of the soils for other limitations that restrict their use to pasture, these crops. woodland, wildlife habitat, or recreation. The capability unit is identified in the description of Woodland management and productivity each soil mapping unit in the section "Descriptions of the soils." Capability units are soil groups within the sub- Approximately 83 percent of Berkeley County is in classes. The soils in one capability unit are enough allke forest (6). The principal forest cover consists of longleaf, to be suited to the same crops and pasture plants, to loblolly, and slash pine on ridges and upper slopes. The require similar management, and to have similar produc- forest cover on the lower slopes, low-lying flats, and flood tivity. Thus, the capability unit is a convenient grouping plains is predominately sweetgum, American sycamore, water oak, yellow-poplar, water tupelo, and baldeypress. for making many statements about management of soils. Table 3 contains information useful to woodland owners Capability units are generally designated by adding an or forest managers planning use of soils for wood crops. Arabic numeral to the subclass symbol, for example, Ile-4 Mapping unit symbols for soils suitable for wood crops or IlIe-6. are listed, and the ordination (woodland suitability) sym- Yields per acre bol for each soil is given. All soils bearing the same or- dination symbol require the same general kinds of The average yields per acre that can be expected of the woodland management and have about the same potential principal crops under a high level of management are productivity. shown in table2. In any given year, yields may be higher The first part of the ordination symbol, a number, in- or lower than those indicated in the table because of dicates the potential productivity of the soils for impor- variations in rainfall and other climatic factors. Absence tant trees. The number I indicates very high productivity; of an estimated yield indicates that the crop is not suited 2, high; 3, moderately high; 4, moderate; and 5, low. The to or not commonly grown on the soil. second part of the symbol, a letter, indicates the major The estimated yields were based mainly on the ex- kind of soil limitation. The letter w indicates excessive perience and records of farmers, conservationists, and ex- water in or on the soil; s, sandy texture; and r, steep tension agents. Results of field trials and demonstrations slopes. The letter o indicates insignificant limitations or and available yield data from nearby counties were also restrictions. If a soil has more than one limitation, priori- considered. ty in placing the soil into a limitation class is in the fol- The yields were estimated assuming that the latest soil lowing order: w, s, and r. and crop management practices were used. Hay and The third element in the symbol indicates the degree of pasture yields were estimated for the most productive hazards and limitations, and the general suitability of the varieties of grasses and legumes climatically suited to the soils for certain kinds of trees. The numeral 1 indicates area and the soil. A few farmers may be obtaining soils that have slight management problems, or none, and average yields higher than those shown in table 2. are suited to needleleaf trees; 2 indicates soils that have The management needed to achieve the indicated yields one or more moderate management problems, and are of the various crops depends on the kind of soil and the suited to needleleaf trees; 3 indicates soils that have one crop. Such management provides drainage, erosion con- or more severe management problems, and are suited to trol, and protection from flooding; the proper planting needleleaf trees; 4 indicates soils that have slight manage- BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 35 ment problems, or none, and are suited to broadleaf trees; and abundance of wildlife that populate an area depend 5 indicates soils that have one or more moderate manage- largely on the amount and distribution of food, cover, and ment problems, and are suited to broadleaf trees; 6 in- water. If any one of these elements is missing, is in- dicates soils that have one or more severe management adequate, or is inaccessible, wildlife either are scarce or problems, and are suited to broadleaf trees; 7 indicates do not inhabit the area. soils that have slight management problems, or none, and If the soils have the potential, wildlife habitat can be are suited to either needleleaf or broadleaf trees; 8 in- created or improved by planting appropriate vegetation, dicates soils that have one or more moderate management by maintaining the existing plant cover, or by helping the problems, and are suited to either needleleaf or broadleaf natural establishment of desirable plants. trees; 9 indicates soils that have one or more severe In table 4, the soils in the survey area are rated accord- management problems, and are suited to either needleleaf ing to their potential to support the main kinds of wildlife or broadleaf trees. habitat in the area. This information can be used in In table 3 the soils are also rated for a number of fac- planning for parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas, tors to be considered in management. Slight, moderate, and other developments for wildlife; selecting areas that and severe are used to indicate the degree of major soil are suitable for wildlife; selecting soils that are suitable limitations. for creating, improving, or maintaining specific elements Ratings of the erosion hazard indicate the risk Of loss of wildlife habitat; and determining the intensity of of soil in well-managed woodland. The risk is slight if the management needed for each element of the habitat. expected soil loss is small, moderate if some measures are The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or needed to control erosion during logging and road con- very poor. A rating of good means that the element of struction, and severe if intensive management or special wildlife habitat or the kind of habitat is easily created, equipment and methods are needed to prevent excessive improved, or maintained. Few or no limitations affect loss of soil. management, and satisfactory results can be expected if Ratings of equipment limitation reflect the charac- the soil is used for the designated purpose. A rating of teristics and conditions of the soil that restrict use of the fair means that the element of wildlife habitat or kind of equipment generally needed in woodland management or habitat can be created, improved, or maintained in most harvesting. A rating of slight indicates that use of equip- places. Moderately intensive management is required for ment is not limited to a particular kind of equipment or satisfactory results. A rating of poor means that limita- time of year; moderate indicates a short seasonal limita- tions are severe for the designated element or kind of tion or a need for some modification in management or wildlife habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or equipment; severe indicates a seasonal limitation, a need maintained in most places, but management is difficult for special equipment or management, or a hazard in the and must be intensive. A rating of very poor means that use of equipment. restrictions for the element of wildlife habitat or kind of Seedling mortality ratings indicate the degree that the wildlife are very severe, and that unsatisfactory results soil affects expected mortality of planted tree seedlings. can be expected. Wildlife habitat is impractical or even Plant competition is not considered in the ratings. impossible to create, improve, or maintain on soils having Seedlings from good planting stock that are properly such a rating. planted during a period of sufficient rainfall are rated. A The elements of wildlife habitat are briefly described in rating of slight indicates that the expected mortality of the following paragraphs. the planted seedlings is less than 25 percent; moderate, 26 to 50 percent; and severe, more than 50 percent. Grain and seed crops are seed-producing annuals used The potential productivity of merchantable or impor- by wildlife. The major soil properties that affect the tant trees on a soil is expressed as a site index. This index growth of grain and seed crops are depth of the root is the average height, in feet, that dominant and codomi- zone, texture of the surface layer, available water capaci- nant trees of a given species attain in a specified number ty, wetness, slope, and flood hazard. Soil temperature and of years. The site index applies to fully stocked, even- soil moisture are also considerations. Examples of grain aged, unmanaged stands. Important trees are those that and seed crops are corn, sorghum, wheat, oats, barley, woodland managers generally favor in intermediate or im- millet, cowpeas, soybeans, and sunflowers. provement cuttings. They are selected on the basis of Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial grasses growth rate, quality, value, and marketability. and herbaceous legumes that are planted for wildlife food Trees to plant are those that are suitable for commer- and cover. Major soil properties that affect the growth of cial wood production and that are suited to the soils. grasses and legumes are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, Wildlife habitat flood hazard, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture are also considerations. Examples are fescue, Soils directly affect the kind and amount of vegetation ryegrass, panicgrass, switchgrass, bahiagrass, annual that is available to wildlife as food and cover, and they af- lespedeza, clover, Coastal bermudagrass, and shrub fect the construction of water impoundments. The kind lespedeza. 36 SOIL SURVEY Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally Woodland habitat consists of areas of hardwoods or established grasses and forbs, including weeds, that pro- conifers, or a mixture of both, and associated grasses, vide food and cover for wildlife. Major soil properties that legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to affect the growth of these plants are depth of the root these areas include wild turkey, opposum, woodcock, zone, texture of the surface layer, available water capaci- thrushes, woodpeckers, squirrels, grey fox, raccoon, deer, ty, wetness, and flood hazard. Soil temperature and soil and bobcat. moisture are also considerations. Examples are bluestem, Wetland habitat consists of open, marshy or swampy, indiangrass, goldenrod, beggarweed, pokeweed, par- shallow-water areas where water-tolerant plants grow. tridgepea, perennial lespedeza, fescue, and cheatgrass. Some of the wildlife attracted to such areas are ducks, Hardwood trees and the associated woody understory geese, herons, shore birds, muskrat, mink, and alligator. provide cover for wildlife and produce nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, or foliage that wildlife eat. Engineering Major soil properties that affect growth of hardwood This section provides information about the use of soils trees and shrubs are depth of the root zone, available for building sites, sanitary facilities, construction material, water capacity, and wetness. Examples of native plants and water management. Among those who can benefit are oak, poplar, cherry, sweetgum, apple, dogwood, per- from this section are engineers, .landowners, community simmon, sassafras, sumac, hickory, hazelnut, black walnut, planners, town and city managers, land developers, buil- blackberry, grape, viburnum, blueberry, bayberry, and ders, contractors, and farmers. briers. Examples of fruit-producing shrubs that are com- The ratings in tables in this section are based on test mercially available and suitable for planting on soils rated data and estimated data in the "Soil properties" section. good are pyracantha, autumn-olive, and crabapple. The ratings were determined jointly by soil scientists and Coniferous plants are cone-bearing trees, shrubs, or engineers of the Soil Conservation Service using known ground cover plants that furnish habitat or supply food in relationships between the soil properties and the behavior the form of browse, seeds, or fruitlike cones. Soil proper- of soils in various engineering uses. ties that have a major effect on the growth of coniferous Among the soil properties and site conditions identified plants are depth of the root zone, available water capaci- by a soil survey and used in determining the ratings in ty, and wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine, this section were grain-size distribution, liquid limit, cedar, and ornamental trees and shrubs. plasticity index, soil reaction, depth to and hardness of or- Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild her- ganic pans within 5 or 6 feet of the surface, soil wetness, baceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites, exclusive depth to a seasonal high water table, slope, likelihood of of submerged or floating aquatics. They produce food or flooding, natural soil structure or aggregation, in-place soil cover for wildlife that use wetland as habitat. Major so" density, and geologic origin of the soil material. Where properties affecting wetland plants are texture of the pertinent, data about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of surface layer, wetness, reaction, salinity, and slope. Exam- the sand and silt fractions, and the kind of absorbed cations ples of wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, wil- were also considered. drice, saltgrass, and cordgrass and rushes, sedges, and On the basis of information assembled about soil pro- reeds. perties, ranges of values can be estimated for erodibility, Shallow water areas are bodies of water that have an permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential, available average depth of less than 5 feet and that are useful to water capacity, shear strength, compressibility, slope sta- wildlife. They can be naturally wet areas, or they can be bility, and other factors of expected soil behavior in en- created by dams or levees or by water-control structures gineering uses. As appropriate, these values can be ap- in marshes or streams. Major soil properties affecting plied to each major horizon of each soil or to the entire shallow water areas are depth to organic pan, wetness, profile. slope, and permeability. The availability of a dependable These factors of sbil behavior affect construction and water supply is important if water areas are to be maintenance of roads, airport runways, pipelines, founda- developed. Examples of shallow water areas are muskrat tions for small buildings, ponds and small dams, irrigation marshes, waterfowl feeding areas, wildlife watering projects, drainage systems, sewage and refuse disposal developments, duck ponds, and other wildlife ponds. systems, and other engineering works. The ranges of The kinds of wildlife habitat are briefly described in values can be used to (1) select potential residential, com- the following paragraphs. mercial, industrial, and recreational uses; (2). make Openland habitat consists of cropland, pasture, preliminary estimates pertinent to construction in a par- meadows, and areas that are overgrown with grasses, ticular area; (3) evaluate alternative routes for roads, herbs, shrubs, andvines. These areas produce grain and streets, highways, pipelines, and underground cables; (4) seed crops, grasses and legumes, and wild herbaceous evaluate alternative sites for location of sanitary landfills, plants. The kinds of wildlife attracted to these areas in- onsite sewage disposal systems, and other waste disposal clude bobwhite quail, dove, meadowlark, field sparrow, facilities; (5) plan detailed onsite investigations of soils cottontail rabbit, and red fox. and geology; (6) find sources of gravel, sand, clay, and BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 37 topsoil; (7) plan farm drainage systems, irrigation of soils to cave in or slough; and the presence of very systems, ponds, terraces, and other structures for soil and firm, dense soil layers, bedrock, or large stones. In addi- water conservation; (8) relate performance of structures tion, excavations are affected by slope of the soil and the already built to the properties of the kinds of soil on probability of flooding. Ratings do not apply to soil which they are built so that performance of similar struc- horizons below a depth of 6 feet unless otherwise noted. tures on the same or a similar soil in other locations can In the soil series descriptions, the consistence of each be predicted; and (9) predict the trafficability of soils for soil horizon is defined, and the presence of very firm or cross-country movement of vehicles and construction extremely firm horizons, usually difficult to excavate, is equipment. indicated. Data presented in this section are useful for land-use Dwellings and small commercial buildings referred to planning and for choosing alternative practices or in table 5 are built on undisturbed soil and have founda- general designs that will overcome unfavorable soil pro- tion loads of a dwelling no more than three stories high. perties and minimize soil-related failures. Limitations to Separate ratings are made for small commercial buildings the use of these data, however, should be well understood * without basements and for dwellings without basements. First, the data are generally not presented for soil For such structures, soils should be sufficiently stable material below a depth of 5 or 6 feet. Also, because of the that cracking or subsidence from settling or shear failure scale of the detailed map in this soil survey, small areas of the foundation does not occur. These ratings were of soils that differ from the dominant soil may be in- determined from estimates of the shear strength, com- cluded in mapping. Thus, these data do not eliminate the pressibility, and shrink-swell potential of the soil. Soil tex- need for onsite investigations, testing, and analysis by ture, plasticity and in-place density, potential frost action, personnel having expertise in the specific use contem- soil wetness, and depth to a seasonal high water table plated. were also considered. Soil wetness and depth to a The information is presented mainly in tables. Table 5 seasonal high water table indicate potential difficulty in shows, for each kind of soil, the degree and kind of limita- providing adequate drainage for basements, lawns, and tions for building site development; table 6, for sanitary gardens. Slope is also an important consideration in the facilities; and table 8, for water management. Table 7 choice of sites for these structures and was considered in shows the suitability of each kind of soil as a source of determining the ratings. Susceptibility to flooding is a construction materials. serious limitation. The information in the tables, along with the soil map, Local roads and streets referred to in table 5 have an the soil descriptions, and other data provided in this sur- all-weather surface that can carry light to medium traffic vey can be used to make additional interpretations and to all year. They consist of subgrade of the underlying soil construct interpretive maps for specific uses of land. material; a base of gravel, crushed rock fragments, or soil Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a spe- material stabilized with lime or cement; and a flexible or cial meaning in soil science. Many of these terms are rigid surface, commonly asphalt or concrete. The roads defined in the Glossary. are graded with soil material at hand, and most cuts and fills are less than 6 feet deep. Building site development The load supporting capacity and the stability of the soil as well as the quantity and workability of fill material The degree and kind of soil limitations that affect shal- available are important in design and construction of low excavations, dwellings without basements, small com- roads and streets. The classifications of the soil and the mercial buildings, and local roads and streets are in- soil texture, density, shrink-swell potential, and potential dicated in table 5. A slight limitation indicates that soil frost action are indicators of the traffic supporting capaci- properties are favorable for the specified use; any limita- ty used in making the ratings. Soil wetness, flooding, and tion is minor and easily overcome. A moderate limitation slope affect stability and ease of excavation. indicates that soil properties and site features are un- favorable for the specified use, but the limitations can be Sanitary facilities overcome or minimized by special planning and design. A Favorable soil properties and site features are needed severe limitation indicates one or more soil properties or for proper functioning of septic tank absorption fields, site features are so unfavorable or difficult to overcome sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The nature of the that a major increase in construction effort, special soil is important in selecting sites for these facilities and design, or intensive maintenance is required. For some in identifying limiting soil properties and site features to soils rated severe, such costly measures may not be feasi- be considered in design and installation. Also, those soil ble. properties that affect ease of excavation or installation of Shallow excavations are used for pipelines, sewerlines, these facilities will be of interest to contractors and local telephone and power transmission lines, basements, open officials. Table 6 shows the degree and kind of limitations ditches, and cemeteries. Such digging or trenching is in- of each soil for such uses and for use of the soil as daily fluenced by the soil wetness of a high seasonal water cover for landfills. It is important to observe local or- table; the texture and consistence of soils; the tendency dinances and regulations. 38 SOIL SURVEY If the degree of soil limitation is expressed as slight, fect the suitability of a soil for this use. The best soils soils are generally favorable for the specified use and have a loamy or silty texture, have moderate to slow limitations are minor and easily overcome; if moderate, permeability, are deep to a seasonal water table, and are soil properties or site features are unfavorable for the not subject to flooding. Clayey soils are likely to be sticky specified use, but limitations can be overcome by special and difficult to spread. Sandy or gravelly soils generally planning and design; and if severe, soil properties or site have rapid permeability, which might allow noxious features are so unfavorable or difficult to overcome that liquids to contaminate ground water. Soil wetness may be major soil reclamation, special designs, or intensive main- a limitation because operating heavy equipment on a wet tenance is required. soil is difficult. Seepage into the refuse increases the risk Septic tank absorption fields are subsurface systems of of pollution of ground water. tile or perforated. pipe that distribute effluent from a sep- In the trench type of landfill, ease of excavation also tic tank into the natural soil. Only the soil horizons affects the suitability of a soil for this purpose, so the soil between 'depths of 18 and 72 inches are evaluated for this must be deep to bedrock and free of large stones and use. The soil properties and site features considered are boulders. Where the seasonal water table is high, water those that affect the absorption of the effluent and those seeps into trenches and causes problems in filling. that affect the construction of the system. Unless otherwise stated, the limitations in table 6 apply Properties and features that affect absorption of the only to the soil material within a depth of about 6 feet. If effluent are permeability, depth to seasonal high water the trench is deeper, a limitation of slight or moderate table, depth to bedrock, and susceptibility to flooding. may not be valid. Site investigation is needed before a Stones, pans, and a shallow depth to bedrock interfere site is selected. with installation. Excessive slope may cause lateral Daily cover for landfill should be soil that is easy to seepage and surfacing of the effluent. Also, soil erosion excavate and spread over the compacted fill in wet and and soil slippage are hazards if absorption fields are in- dry weather. Soils that are loamy or silty and free of stalled on sloping soils. stones or boulders are better than other soils. Clayey Some soils are underlain by loose sand. In these soils soils may be sticky and difficult to spread; sandy soils the absorption field does not adequately filter the ef- may be subject to soil blowing. fluent, and ground water in the area may be con- The soils selected for final cover of landfills should be taminated. suitable for growing plants. Of all the horizons, the A On many of the soils that have moderate or severe horizon in most soils has the best workability, more or- limitations for use as septic tank absorption fields, a ganic matter, and the best potential for growing plants. system to lower the seasonal water table could be in- Thus, for either the area- or trench-type landfill, stoekpil- stalled or the size of the absorption field could be in- ing material from the A horizon for use as the surface creased so that performance is satisfactory. layer of the final cover is desirable. Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to hold Where it is necessary to bring in soil material for daily sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the solid and or final cover, thickness of suitable soil material available liquid wastes. Lagoons have a nearly level floor and cut and depth to a seasonal high water table in soils sur- slopes or embankments of compacted soil material. Aero- rounding the sites should be evaluated. Other factors to bic lagoons generally are designed to hold sewage within be evaluated are those that affect reclamation of the bor- a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly impervious soil material for row areas. These factors include slope, erodibility, and the lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize seepage potential for plant growth. and contamination of ground water. Soils that are high in Potential of the soils for use as daily cover for sanitary organic matter and those that have stones and pans are landfill is rated good, fair, or poor. A rating of good not suitable. Unless the soil has very slow permeability, means that the soil can easily be used for this purpose contamination of ground water is a hazard where the and that satisfactory results are expected with good seasonal high water table is above the level of the lagoon management. A rating of fair means that moderate floor. In soils where the water table is seasonally high, problems may be encountered in obtaining the material, seepage of ground water into the lagoon can seriously placing it as cover, or getting the desired results. A rat- reduce the lagoon's capacity for liquid waste. Slope, depth ing of poor means that severe problems are expected in to bedrock, and susceptibility to flooding also affect the obtaining and placing the material or in getting it to per- suitability of sites for sewage lagoons or the cost of con- form the desired functions. struction. Shear strength and permeability of compacted Construction materials soils affect the performance of embankments. Sanitary landfill is a method of disposing of solid The suitability of each soil as a source of roadfill, sand, waste by placing refuse in successive layers either in ex- and topsoil is indicated in table 7 by ratings of good, fair, cavated trenches or on the surface of the soil. The waste or poor. The texture, thickness, and organic-matter con- is spread, compacted, and covered daily with thin layers tent of each soil horizon are important factors in rating of soil. Landfill areas are subject to heavy vehicular traf- soils for use as construction materials. Each soil is evalu- fic. Risk of polluting ground water and trafficability af- ated to the depth observed, generally about 6 feet. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 39 Roadfill is soil material used in embankments for Soils rated good have at least 16 inches of friable loamy roads. Soils are evaluated as a source of roadfill for low material at their surface. They are free of stones and cob- embankments, which generally are less than 6 feet high bles, are low in content of gravel, and have gentle slopes. and less exacting in design than high embankments. The They are low in soluble salts that can limit or prevent ratings reflect the ease of excavating and working the plant growth. They are naturally fertile or respond well material and the expected performance of the material to fertilizer. They are not so wet that excavation is dff- where it has been compacted and adequately drained. The ficult during most of the year. performance of soil after it is stabilized with lime or ce- Soils rated fair are loose sandy soils or firm loamy or ment is not considered in the ratings, but information clayey soils in which the suitable material is only 8 to 16 about some of the soil properties that influence such per- inches thick or soils that have appreciable amounts of formance is given in the descriptions of the soil series. gravel, stones, or soluble salt. The ratings apply to the soil material between the A Soils rated poor are very sandy soils and very firm horizon and a depth of 5 to 6 feet. It is assumed that soil clayey soils; soils with suitable layers less than 8 inches horizons will be mixed during excavation and spreading. thick; soils having large amounts of gravel, stones, or Many soils have horizons of contrasting suitability within soluble salt; steep soils; and poorly drained soils. their profile. The estimated engineering properties in Although a rating of good is not based entirely on high table 11 provide specific information about the nature of content of organic matter, a surface horizon is generally each horizon. This information can help determine the preferred for topsoil because of its organic-matter con- suitability of each horizon for roadfill. tent. This horizon is designated as Al or Ap in the soil se- Soils rated good are coarse grained. They have low ries descriptions. The absorption and retention of shrink-swell potential, low potential frost action, and few moisture and nutrients for plant growth are greatly in- cobbles and stones. They are at least moderately well creased by organic matter. drained and have slopes of 15 percent or less. Soils rated Water management fair have a plasticity index of less than 15 and have other limiting features, such as moderate shrink-swell potential, Many soil properties and site features that affect water moderately steep slopes or wetness. If the thickness of management practices have been identified in this soil suitable material is less than 3 feet, the entire soil is survey. In table 8 the degree of soil limitation and soil rated poor. and site features that affect use are indicated for each Sand is used in great quantities in many kinds of con- kind of soil. This information is significant in planning, in- struction. The ratings in table 7 provide guidance as to stalling, and maintaining water control structures. where to look for probable sources and are based on the Soil and site limitations are expressed as slight, probability that soils in a given area contain sizable quan- moderate, and severe. Slight means that the soil proper- tities of sand. A soil rated good or fair has a layer of ties and site features are generally favorable for the suitable material at least 3 feet thick, the top of which is specified use and that any limitation is minor and easily within a depth of 6 feet. Coarse fragments of soft overcome. Moderate means that some soil properties or bedrock material, such as shale and siltstone, are not con- site features are unfavorable for the specified use but can sidered to be sand. Fine-grained soils are not suitable be overcome or modified by special planning and design. sources of sand. Severe means that the soil properties and site features The ratings do not take into account depth to the water are so unfavorable and so difficult to correct or overcome table or other factors that affect excavation of the that major soil reclamation, special design, or intensive material. Descriptions of grain size, kinds of minerals, maintenance is required. reaction, and stratification are given in the soil series Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or em- descriptions and in table 11. bankment. Soils best suited to this use have a low Topsoil is used in areas where vegetation is to be seepage potential, which is determined by permeability established and maintained. Suitability is affected mainly and the depth to fractured or permeable bedrock or other by the ease of working and spreading the soil material in permeable material. preparing a seedbed and by the ability of the soil material Embankments, dikes, and levees require soil material to support plants. Also considered is the damage that can that is resistant to seepage, erosion, and piping and has result at the area from which the topsoil is taken. favorable stability, shrink-swell potential, shear strength, The ease of excavation is influenced by the thickness of and compaction characteristics. Large stones and organic suitable material, wetness, slopes, and amount of stones. matter in a soil downgrade the suitability of a soil for use The ability of the soil to support plants is determined by in embankments, dikes, and levees. texture, structure, and the amount of soluble salts or Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are bodies of water made toxic substances. Organic matter in the Al or Ap horizon by excavating a pit or dugout into a ground-water greatly increases the absorption and retention of moisture aquifer. Excluded are ponds that are fed by surface ru- and nutrients. Therefore, the soil material from these noff and embankment ponds that impound water 3 feet or horizons should be carefully preserved for later use. more above the original surface. Ratings in table 8 are for 40 SOIL SURVEY ponds that are! properly designed, located, and con- no stones or boulders, absorbs rainfall readily but remains structed. Soil properties and site features that affect firm, and is not dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones aquifer-fed ponds are depth to a permanent water table, or boulders can greatly increase the cost of constructing permeability of the aquifer, quality of the water, and ease camping sites. of excavation. Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most Drainage of soil is affected by such soil properties as vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and parking permeability, texture, depth to bedrock, hardpan, or other areas. The best soils for use as picnic areas are firm when layers that affect the rate of water movement, depth to wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to flooding the water table, slope, stability of ditchbanks, susceptibili- during the period of use, and do not have slopes or stones ty to flooding, salinity and alkalinity, and availability of or boulders that will increase the cost of shaping sites or outlets for drainage. of building access roads and parking areas. Irrigation is affected by such features as slope, suseep- Playgrounds require soils that can withstand intensive tibility to flooding, hazards of water erosion and soil foot traffic. The best soils are almost level and are not blowing, texture, presence of salts and alkali, depth of wet or subject to flooding during the season of use. The root zone, rate of water intake at the surface, permeabili- surface is free of stones or boulders, is firm after rains, ty of the soil below the surface layer, available water and is not dusty when dry. If shaping is required to ob- capacity, need for drainage, and depth to the water table. tain a uniform grade, the depth of the soil over bedrock or hardpan should be enough to allow necessary grading. Recreation Paths and trails for walking, horseback riding, bicycling, and other uses should. require little or no The soils of the survey area are rated in table 9 accord- cutting and filling. The best soils for this use are those ing to limitations that affect their suitability for recrea- that are not wet, are fumi after rains, are not dusty when tion uses. The ratings are based on such restrictive soil dry, and are not subject to flooding more than once dur- features as flooding, wetness, slope, and texture of the ing the annual period of use. They should have moderate surface layer. Not considered in these ratings, but impor- slopes and have few or no stones or boulders on the sur- tant in evaluating a site, are location and accessibility of face. the area, size and shape of the area and its scenic quality, the ability of the soil to support vegetation, access to water, potential water impoundment sites available, and Soil properties either access to public sewerlines or capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent. Soils subject to flooding are Extensive data about soil properties are summarized on limited, in varying degree, for recreation use by the dura- the following pages. The two main sources of these data tion and intensity of flooding and the season when flood- are the many thousands of soil borings made during the ing occurs. Onsite assessment of height, duration, intensi- course of the survey and the laboratory analyses of ty, and frequency of flooding is essential in planning selected soil samples from typical profiles. recreation facilities. In making soil borings during field mapping, soil The degree of the limitation of the soils is expressed as scientists can identify several important soil properties. slight, moderate, or severe. Slight means that the soil pro- They note the seasonal soil moisture condition or the perties are generally favorable and that the limitations presence of free water and its depth. For each horizon in are minor and easily overcome. Moderate means that the the profile, they note the thickness and color of the soil limitations can be overcome or alleviated by planning, material; the texture, or amount of clay, silt, sand, and design, or special maintenance. Severe means that soil gravel or other coarse fragments; the structure, or the properties are unfavorable and that limitations can be off- natural pattern of cracks and pores in the undisturbed set only by costly soil reclamation, special design, inten- soil; and the consistence of the soil material in place sive maintenance, or limited use, or by a combination of under the existing soil moisture conditions. They record these measures. the depth of plant roots, determine the pH or reaction of The information in table 9 can be supplemented by in- the soil, and identify any free carbonates. formation in other parts of this survey. Especially helpful Samples of soil material are analyzed in the laboratory are interpretations for septic tank absorption fields, given to verify the field estimates of soil properties and to in table 6, and interpretations for dwellings without base- determine all major properties of key soils, especially pro- ments and for local roads and streets, given in table 5. perties that cannot be estimated accurately by field ob- Camp areas :require such site preparation as shaping servation. Laboratory analyses are not conducted for all and leveling for tent and parking areas, stabilizing roads soil series in the survey area, but laboratory data for and intensively used areas, and installing sanitary facili- many soil series not tested are available from nearby sur- ties and utility lines. Camp areas are subject to heavy vey areas. foot traffic and some vehicular traffic. The beat soils for The available field and laboratory data are summarized this use have mild slopes and are not wet or subject to in tables. The tables give the estimated range of en- flooding during the period of use. The surface has few or gineering properties, the engineering classifications, and BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 41 the physical and chemical properties of each major identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; six horizon of each soil in the survey area. They also pres'ent classes of fine-grained soils, identified as ML, CL, OL, pfrtinent data about soil and water features and en- MH, CH, and OH; and one class of highly organic soils, gmeering test data. identified as Pt. Soils on the borderline between two classes have a dual classification symbol, for example, CL- Engineering test data ML. The AASHTO system classifies soils according to those The results of analyses of engineering properties of properties that affect their use in highway construction several typical soils of the survey area are given in table and maintenance. In this system a mineral soil is clas- 10. sified in one of seven basic groups ranging from A-1 The data presented are for soil samples that were col- through A-7 on the basis of grain-size distribution, liquid lected from carefully selected sites. The soil profiles sam- limit, and plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse pled are typical of the series discussed in the section grained and low in content of fines. At the other extreme, "Descriptions of the soils." in group A-7, are fine-grained soils. Highly organic soils The methods used in obtaining the data are listed by are classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual inspec- code in the next paragraph. Most of the codes, in tion. parentheses, refer to the methods assigned by the Amer- When laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and ican Association of State Highway and Transportation Of- A-7 groups are further classified as follows: A-1-a, A-1-b, ficials. The code for Unified classification is that assigned A-24, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, and A-7-6. As an addi- by the American Society for Testing and Materials. tional refinement, the desirability of soils as subgrade The methods and codes are AASHTO classification (M- material can be indicated by a group index number. These 145-66); Unified classification (D-2487-69); mechanical numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to analysis (T88-57); liquid limit (T89-60); plasticity index 20 or higher for the poorest. The AASHTO classification (T90-56). for soils tested in the survey area, with group index num- bers in parentheses, is given in table 10. The estimated Engineering properties classification, without group index numbers, is given in Table 11 gives estimates of engineering properties and table 11. classifications for the major horizons of each soil in the Percentage of the soil material less than 3 inches in survey area. diameter that passes each of four sieves (U.S. standard) Most soils have, within the upper 5 or 6 feet, horizons is estimated for each major horizon. The estimates are of contrasting properties. Table 11 gives information for based on tests of soils that were sampled in the survey each of these contrasting horizons in a typical profile. area and in nearby areas and on field estimates from Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each horizon many borings made during the survey. is indicated. More information about the range in depth Liquid limit and plasticity index indicate the effect of and about other properties in each horizon is given for water on the strength and consistence of soil. These in- each soil series in the section "Descriptions of the soils." dexes are used in both the Unified and AASHTO soil Texture is described in table 11 in the standard terms classification systems. They are also used as indicators in used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. These ternis making general predictions of soil behavior. Range in are defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and liquid limit and plasticity index are estimated on the basis clay in soil material that is less than 2 millimeters *in of test data from the survey area or from nearby areas and on observations of the many soil borings made during diameter. "Loam," for example, is soil material that is 7 to the survey. 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 per- In some surveys, the estimates are rounded to the cent sand. If a soil contains gravel or other particles nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and coarser than sand, an appropriate modifier is added, for Atterburg limits extend a marginal amount across clas- example, "gravelly loam." Other texture terms are sification boundaries (1 or 2 percent), the classification in defined in the Glossary. the marginal zone is omitted in table 11. The two systems commonly used in classifying soils for engineering use are the Unified Soil Classification System Physical and chemical properties (Unified) (2) and the system adopted by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offi- Table 12 shows estimated values for several soil charac- cials (AASHTO) (1). teristics and features that affect behavior of soils in en- The Unified system classifies soils according to proper- gineering uses. These estimates are given for each major ties that affect their use as construction material. Soils horizon, at the depths indicated, in the typical pedon of are classified according to grain-size distribution of the each soil. The estimates are based on field observations fraction less than 3 inches in diameter, plasticity index, and on test data for these and similar soils. liquid limit, and organic-matter content. Soils are grouped Permeability is estimated on the basis of known rela- into 15 classes-eight classes of coarse-grained soils, tionships among the soil characteristics observed in the 42 SOIL SURVEY field-particularly soil structure, porosity, and gradation erosion by water. Soils having the highest K values are or texture-that; influence the downward movement of the most erodible. K values range from 0.10 to 0.64. To water in the soil. The estimates are for vertical water estimate annual soil loss per acre, the K value of a soil is movement when the soil is saturated. Not considered in modified by factors representing plant cover, grade and the estimates is lateral seepage or such transient soil fea- length of slope, management practices, and climate. The tures as plowpans and surface crusts. Permeability of the soil-loss tolerance factor (T) is the maximum rate of soil soil is an important factor to be considered in planning erosion, whether from rainfall or soil blowing, that can and designing drainage systems, in evaluating the poten- occur without reducing crop production or environmental tial of soils for septic tank systems and other waste quality. The rate is expressed in tons of soil loss per acre disposal systems, and in many other aspects of land use per year. and management. Wind erodibility index is an estimate of the amount of Available water capacity is rated on the basis of soil soil that would be lost to soil blowing from a smooth, characteristics that influence the ability of the soil to hold unsheltered, wide, bare field in this county. It is ex- water and make it available to plants. Important charac- pressed in tons per acre per year. Wind erodibility index teristics are con-tent of organic matter, soil texture, and varies inversely with the proportion of the soil ag- soil structure. Sliallow-rooted plants are not likely to use gregates in the surface layer that are larger than 0.84 the available water from the deeper soil horizons. Availa- millimeters in diameter. ble water capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design of irrigation Soil and water features systems. Soil reaction is expressed as a range in pH values. The Table 13 contains information helpful in planning land range in pH of each major horizon is based on many field uses and engineering projects that are likely to be af- checks. For many soils, the values have been verified by fected by soil and water features. laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting Hydrologic soil groups are used to estimate runoff the crops, ornamental plants, or other plants to be grown; from precipitation. Soils not protected by vegetation are in evaluating soil amendments for fertility and stabiliza- placed in one of four groups on the basis of the intake of tion; and in evaluating the corrosivity of soils. water after the soils have been wetted and have received Shrink-swell potential depends mainly on the amount precipitation from long-duration storms. and kind of clay in the soil. Laboratory measurements of The four hydrologic soil groups are: the swelling of undisturbed clods were made for many Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low ru- soils. For others the swelling war, estimated on the basis noff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of the kind and amount of clay in the soil and on mea- of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or surements of similar soils. The size of the load and the gravels. These soils have a high rate of water transmis- magnitude of the change in soil moisture content also in- sion. fluence the swelling of soils. Shrinking and swelling of Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when some soils can cause damage to building foundations, thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep basement walls, roads, and other structures unless special or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils designs are used. A high shrink-swell potential indicates that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse that special design and added expense may be required if texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water trans- the planned use of the soil will not tolerate large volume mission. changes. Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils that have a chemical action that dissolves or weakens uncoated steel layer that impedes the downward movement of water or or concrete. The rate of corrosion of uncoated steel is re- soils that have moderately fine texture or fine texture. lated to soil moisture, particle-size distribution, total acidi- These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. ty, and electrical conductivity of the soil material. The Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high rate of corrosion of concrete is based mainly on the runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist sulfate content, texture, and acidity of the soil. Protective chiefly of clay soils that have a high shrink-swell poten- measures for steel or more resistant concrete help to tial, soils that have a permanent high water table, soils avoid or minimize damage resulting from the corrosion. that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, Uncoated steel. intersecting soil boundaries or soil and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious materi- horizons is more susceptible to corrosion than an instaIla- al. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmis- tion that is entirely within one kind of soil or within one sion. soil horizon. Flooding is the temporary covering of soil with water Erosion factors are used to predict the erodibility of a from overflowing streams, with runoff from adjacent soil and its tolerance to erosion in relation to specific slopes, and by tides. Water standing for short periods kinds of land use and treatment (8). The soil erodibility after rains or after snow melts is not considered flooding, factor M is a measure of the susceptibility of the soil to nor is water in swamps and marshes. Flooding is rated in BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 43 general terms that describe the frequency and duration of Climate and living organisms are the active forces of flooding and the time of year when flooding is most like- soil formation. Their effect on the parent material is ly. The ratings are based on evidence in the soil profile of modified by relief and by the length of time the parent the effects of flooding, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, material has been in place. The relative importance of silt, or, in places, clay deposited by floodwater; irregular each factor differs from place to place. In some places one decrease in organic-matter content with increasing depth; factor dominates in the formation of the soils and fixes and absence of distinctive soil horizons that form in soils most of the properties of the soil, but normally the in- of the area that are not subject to flooding. The ratings teraction of all five factors determines what kind of soil is are also based on local information about floodwater formed at any given place. levels in the area and the extent of flooding and on infor- Although soil formation is complex, some understanding mation that relates the position of each soil on the land- of the soil forming processes may be gained by consider- scape to historic floods. ing each of the five factors separately. It must be remem- The generalized description of flood hazards is of value bered, however; that each of the five factors affects each in land-use planning and provides a valid basis for land- of the other factors. use restrictions. The soil data are less specific, however, Parent material than those provided by detailed engineering surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific flood frequency Parent material is the unconsolidated mass from which levels. a soil is formed, and mainly determines the mineralogical High water table is the highest level of a saturated and chemical composition of the soils. In Berkeley County zone more than 6 inches thick for a continuous period of the parent material of the soils is marine or fluvial more than 2 weeks during most years. The depth to a deposits. These deposits have varying amounts of sand, seasonal high water table applies to undrained soils. Esti- silt, and clay. There are four terrace formations in this mates are based mainly on the relationship between gray- county that were deposited and formed during the ish colors or mottles in the soil and the depth to free Pleistocene Epoch (4). These are the Wicomico, the Pen- water observed in many borings made during the course holoway, the Talbot, and the Pamlico (fig. 5). of the soil survey. Indicated in table 13 are the depth to The Wicomico terrace is about 70 to 100 feet above sea the seasonal high water table; the kind of water table, level. Goldsboro, Lynchburg, Rains, Bonneau, Norfolk, that is, perched, artesian, or apparent; and the months of Byars, and Coxville are the dominant soils that formed in the year that the water table commonly is high. Only this material. saturated zones above a depth of 5 or 6 feet are indicated. The Penholoway terrace is about 42 to 70 feet above Information about the seasonal high water table helps sea level. A large portion of this terrace is covered by in assessing the need for specially designed foundations, Lake Moultrie. Goldsboro, Lynchburg, Rains, Chipley, the need for specific kinds of drainage systems, and the Echaw, Pickney, Wahee, and Meggett are the dominant need for footing drains to ensure dry basements. Such in- soils that formed in this material. formation is also needed to decide whether or not con- The Talbot terrace is about 25 to 42 feet above sea struction of basements is feasible and to determine how level. Taweaw and Chastain are the dominant soils on the septic tank absorption fields and other underground in- flood plains; Wahee, Duplin, Lenoir, Bethera, Bayboro, stallations will function. Also, a seasonal high water table Pantego, Goldsboro, Lynchburg, and Rains are the domi- affects ease of excavation. nant soils on uplands and low-lying flats. The Pamlico terrace ranges from sea level to elevation of 25 feet. Most of the flood plain of the Santee River is Formation, morphology, and on this terrace. Tawcaw and Chastain are the dominant classification of the soils soils on the flood plains; Meggett, Santee, Bohicket, Capers, and Wahee are the dominant soils that formed on This section tells how the factors of soil formation af- low-lying flats, in drainageways, and in marsh areas in fected the development of the soils in Berkeley County- other parts of the county. It also tells how the soils are classified. The current There are three scarps (3) associated with the Talbot system of soil classification is explained, and each soil se- terrace in Berkeley County (fig. 6). ries in the county is placed in classes of this system. The approximate elevation of the toe of Cainhoy Scarp is 20 to 25 feet above sea level, with crests as high as 40 Factors of soil formation feet. This scarp parallels the Berkeley and Charleston County line. This is a long narrow scarp that parallels the Soil is the natural medium for the growth of plants and coast and is observed in several counties in South is the product of soil forming processes acting on accumu- Carolina and also in other states. This scarp is somewhat lated or deposited geologic materials. The five important higher than the surrounding area, and the southwest factors in soil formation are parent material, climate, liv- corner of the scarp dips sharply into the marsh near the ing organisms (plants and animals), relief, and time. Cooper River. Generally, all soils that are at a lower 44 SOIL SURVEY elevation than the Cainhoy Scarp will have mixed Living organisms mineralogy. The number and kinds of plants and animals that live in The approximate elevation of the toe of Bethera Scarp and on the soil are determined mainly by the climate but is 40 feet above sea level, with a crest as high as 60 feet. also, to a lesser extent, by parent material, relief, and age This is a short and narrow scarp and is only observed in of the soil. Berkeley County. This scarp is somewhat higher than Bacteria, fungi, and other micro-organisms greatly in- surrounding areas. Toward the southeast from the crest fluence soil formation. They hasten the weathering of of the scarp, the elevation of the land surface decreases minerals and the decomposing of organic matter. Larger with decreasing gradient to form a flat plain with an plants alter the soil microclimate, furnish organic matter, elevation of 35 to 40 feet. and transfer chemical elements from the subsoil to the There are sandy ridges and swampy swales alined in a surface layer. northeast direction parallel to the Bethera Scarp. The Most of the fungi, bacteria, and other micro-organisms Bethera Scarp is between the Cainhoy and Summerville in the soils of Berkeley County are in the upper few Scarps. The soils between these two scarps that are in inches of the soil. The activity of earthworms and other small invertebrates is chiefly in the A horizon and. the the clayey family have mixed mineralogy. The soils that upper part of the B horizon, where these organisms are in the loamy or sandy family have siliceous mineralo- slowly but continuously mix the soil material. Bacteria gy- and fungi decompose organic matter and release nutrients The approximate elevation of the toe of Summerville for plant use. Scarp is 40 feet above sea level, with crests as high as 60 Animals play a secondary role in soil formation. By eat- feet. This scarp is in the middle of the county. This is a ing plants, they perform one step in returning plant long and narrow scarp that parallels the coast and some material to the soil. of the larger rivers. This scarp is in other counties and In Berkeley County the native vegetation in the better states. The Summerville Scarp forms the topographic drained areas is chiefly loblolly pine, longleaf pine, oak, division between the Wicomico and Talbot terraces. and hickory. In the wetter areas it is mainly sweetgum, Generally, all soils that are at a higher elevation than black gum, yellow-poplar, maple, tupelo, ash, and cypress. Summerville Scarp have kaolinitic or siliceous mineralogy. Large trees affect soil formation by bringing nutrients up from deep in the soil, by bringing soil material up from Climate varying depths when the trees are blown over, and by providing, as large roots decay, large openings to be filled Berkeley County has a temperate climate. Rainfall is by material from the upper layers. well distributed throughout the year. The climate is fairly Relief uniform for the entire county. For this reason, climate does not account for significant differences among the Relief, or lay of the land, influences soil formation soils. Data on climate are given in the section "Additional because of its effect on moisture, temperature, and ero- facts about the county." sion. The effect of relief may cause several different Climate, particularly precipitation and temperature, af_ kinds of soil to form from similiar parent material. Most fects the physical, chemical, and biological relationships in of Berkeley County is nearly level to gently sloping. the soil. Water dissolves minerals, aids chemical and There are, however, four general kinds of landscapes in biological activity, and transports the dissolved mineral the county that affect the formation of soils. These land- scapes are described as follows: and organic material through the soil profile. Large 1. Areas of nearly level to gently sloping soils that are amounts of rainwater promote leaching of the soluble moderately dissected by streams. In these areas the soils bases and the translocation of the less soluble and fine- mostly are moderately well drained and deep. textured soil material downward through the soil profile. 2. Areas of nearly level, slightly dissected, low lying The amount of water that percolates through the soil de- flat soils between streams. Most of the soils are domi- pends on the amount of rainfall, the length of the frost- nantly gray and have yellow and brown mottles. The soils free season, relief, and the permeability of the soil are poorly drained to very poorly drained and deep and material. moderately deep. Weathering ofthe parent material is speeded by moist 3. Areas of nearly level soils on stream bottoms and conditions and warm temperatures, and the growth and low terraces. The soils in these areas are young, are activity of living organisms is increased by the warm predominantly gray, and have poorly defined genetic layers. humid climate. Thus, the high rainfall, warm tempera- 4. Areas of nearly level soils on low lying flats, in tures, and long freeze-free growing season of Berkeley drainageways, and in marsh areas that are intricately dis- County have had a marked effect both on the soils sected by meandering drainageways. These soils are directly and on some of the other factors that affect the poorly drained to very poorly drained and are predomi- soils. nantly gray. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 45 Time Well drained and moderately well drained soils in The length of time required for a soil to develop de- Berkeley County have a yellowish brown or reddish sub- soil. These colors are mainly caused by thin coatings of pends largely on the intensity of other soil-forming fac- iron oxides on the sand, silt, and clay particles. A soil is tors. The soils of Berkeley County range from immature, considered well drained if it is free of gray mottles to a or young, to mature. On the higher elevations of the depth of at least 30 inches. Among the well drained soils uplands, most of the soils have well-developed horizons in this county are those in the Norfolk and Caroline se- that are easily recognized. However, where the parent ries. Moderately well drained soils are wet for short material is very sandy, little horizon development has periods and are generally free of gray mottles to a depth taken place, and where the relief is very low and the soils of about 15 to 20 inches. Goldsboro and Craven soils are are permanently saturated, horizons are only moderately examples of moderately well drained soils. distinct. On the first bottoms of the streams, the soil The reduction and transfer of iron is associated with material has not been in place long enough for soil the wetter, more poorly drained soils. This process is horizons to form. called gleying. Poorly drained to very poorly drained soils, Morphology of soils such as the Rains and Pantego soils, have a subsoil and underlying material that are grayish colored, indicating If a vertical cut is made in a soil, several layers, or reduction and transfer of iron. Moderately well drained to horizons, are evident. The differentation of horizons is the somewhat poorly drained soils have yellowish brown and result of many soil forming processes. These include the gray mottles, indicating the segregation of iron. accumulation of organic matter, the leaching of soluble Lynchburg soils are an example of the somewhat poorly salts, reduction and translocation of iron, the formation of drained soils in this county. soil structure, physical weathering such as freezing and thawing, and chemical weathering of primary minerals or Classification of soils rocks. The system of soil classification currently used was Some of these processes are continually taking place in adopted by the National Cooperative Soil Survey in 1965. all soils, but the number of active processes and the Readers interested in further details about the system degree of their activity vary from one soil to another. should refer to the latest literature available (9). Most soils contain three major horizons called A, B, and The system of classification has six categories. C horizons (7). These major horizons may be further sub- Beginning with the broadest, these categories are the divided by the use of subscripts and letters to indicate order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series. differences within one horizon. An example is the B2t In this system the classification is based on the different horizon, which is a layer within the B horizon that has soil properties that can be observed in the field or those translocated clay illuviated from the A horizon. that can be inferred either from other properties that are The A horizon is the surface layer. The layer with the observable in the field or from the combined data of soil largest accumulation of organic matter is called an Al science and other disciplines. The properties selected for horizon. If the soils are cleared and plowed, the surface the higher categories are the result of soil genesis or of layer becomes an Ap horizon. The Lynchburg and Leon factors that affect soil genesis. In table 14, the soils of the soils are examples of soils that have a distinctive, dark survey area are classified according to the system. colored Al or Ap horizon. The A horizon is also the layer Categories of the system are discussed in the following of maximum leaching or eluviation of clay and iron. When paragraphs. considerable leaching has taken place, an A2 horizon is ORDER. Ten soil orders are recognized as classes in formed just below the surface layer. Normally, it is the the system. The properties used to differentiate among lightest colored horizon in the soil. It is well expressed in orders are those that reflect the kind and degree of domi- such soils as those in the Bonneau and Ocilla series. nant soil-forming processes that have taken place. Each The B horizon lies underneath the A horizon and is order is identified by a word ending in sol. An example is commonly called the subsoil. It is the horizon of maximum Entisol. accumulation, or illuviation, of clay, iron, aluminum, or SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders other compounds leached from the A horizon. Norfolk, based primarily on properties that influence soil genesis Byars, and Caroline soils are among the soils that have a and are important to plant growth or that are selected to well expressed B horizon. reflect the most important variables within the orders. The C horizon is below the A horizon or, where The last syllable in the name of a suborder indicates the present, the B horizon. Some soils, such as Chipley and order. An example is Aquent (Aqu, meaning water, plus Pickney soils, have not formed a B horizon, and the C ent, from Entisol). horizon lies immediately under the A horizon. The C GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into great horizon consists of materials that are little altered by the groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, arrange- soil forming processes but may be modified by weather- ment, and degree of expression of pedogenic horizons; soil ing. moisture and temperature regimes; and base status. Each 46 SOIL SURVEY great group is identified by the name of a suborder and a which includes the growing season for most crops in this prefix that suggests something about the properties of area, receives an average of 31 inches of rain, or about 66 the soil. An example is Haplaquents (Hapl, meaning sim- percent of the annual total. Additional temperature and ple horizons, plus aquent, the suborder of Entisols that precipitation data are shown in table 15. have an aquic moisture regime). The prevailing wind is northeasterly at about 9 miles SUBGROUP. Each great group may be divided into per hour. Average windspeed tends to be highest, 10 three subgroups: the central (typic) concept of the great miles per hour, in March, when winds are from the groups, which is not necessarily the most extensive sub- southwest. Relative humidity in midafternoon averages group; the intergrades, or transitional forms to other or- about 50 percent in spring and about 56 percent at other ders, suborders, or great groups; and the extragrades, times. The average maximum, usually observed at dawn, which have some properties that are representative of is 86 percent. Heavy fog occurs about 28 days each year. the great groups but do not indicate transitions to any The sun is visible during about 65 percent of the daylight other known kind of soil. Each subgroup is identified by hours in summer and about 55 percent in winter. Clear one or more adjectives preceding the name of the great days number about 110 each year. The average evapora- group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that is tion rate (pan'measured) is 55 to 60 inches per year. thought to typify the great group. An example is Typic Summer is long, warm, and moist. Maximum daily tem- Haplaquents. peratures hover near or above 90 degrees F, and FAMILY. Families are established within a. subgroup minimum daily temperatures range from 65 to 70 degrees. on the basis of similar physical and chemical properties Temperatures in excess of 100 degrees are usually that affect management. Among the properties con- re corded a few days each year; the highest during the sidered in horizons of major biological activity below plow period of record, 106 degrees, was recorded in August depth are particle-size distribution, mineral content, tem- 1954. The* abundant supply of warm, moist, relatively un- perature regime, thickness of the soil penetrable by roots, stable maritime tropical air that is drawn into the area consistence, moisture equivalent, soil slope, and per- each summer produces frequent scattered showers and manent cracks. A. family name consists of the name of a thunderstorms. An average of about 57 thunderstorms subgroup and a series of adjectives. The adjectives are occur annually, 14 of them in July. Hailstorms are in- the class names for the soil properties used as family dif- frequent and usually of little consequence. Tropical ferentiae. An example is fine-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic storms rarely occur in summer. Typic Haplaquents. Autumn tends to be warm and pleasant. The average SERIES. The series consists of soils that formed in a particular kind ofmaterial and have horizons that, except date of the first freezing temperature in fall is November for texture of the surface soil or of the underlying sub_ 2; 2 years in 10 it is earlier than October 28. Tropical stratum, are similar in differentiating characteristics and Storms or hurricanes occasionally bring heavy rains and in arrangement in the soil profile. Among these charac- strong winds to the area in this season. teristics are color, texture, structure, reaction, con- Winter is short, mild, and relatively dry, accounting for sistence, and mineral and chemical composition. only about 20 percent of the average annual precipitation. Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures are about 60 degrees and 35 degrees, respectively, yielding an Additional facts about the county average winter temperature of about 48 degrees. Freez- This section gives general facts about Berkeley County. ing temperatures occur on fewer than half of the winter days. The coldest temperature during the period of It briefly discusses climate; physiography, drainage, and record, 4 degrees, was recorded in February 1973. Winter geology; settlement and development; and the develop- precipitation is usually in the form of rain. Measureable7 ment and use of the Santee-Cooper Authority. snowfall is rare, and snow seldom stays on the ground Climate more than 1 day. Freezing rain (glaze) can be expected once or twice each winter, occasionally producing a Berkeley County has a subtropical climate, with warm damaging ice storm. summers, mild winters, and ample precipitation. Except in Spring is a season of rapid transition. March is typically summer, when maritime tropical air persists in the area a month of heavy rain and warming temperatures. In late for extended periods, the day-to-day weather is largely spring scattered thunderstorm activity begins. April is controlled by the generally west to east motion of pres- the month of greatest tornado hazard, though the tornado sure systems and fronts. Rainfall averages about 47 season in this region is roughly March through August. inches per year and ranges from 39 to 55 inches 6 years The average length of the freeze-free growing season is in 10. Precipitation of 0.1 inch or more falls on an average approximately 260 days (table 16). The normal monthly of 78 days a year. The annual distribution shows a max- accumulation of growing degree days, as shown in table imum of about 7 inches in July and a minimum of about 2 15, can be used to schedule single or successive plantings inches in November. The period April to September, of a crop within the limits of the freeze-free season. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 47 Physiography, drainage, and geology In 1794 the cotton gin was introduced and the production of cotton began to attract attention. Corn was a crop of Berkeley County is mainly made up of one broad export, but production declined rapidly when cotton physiographic area, the Atlantic Coast Flatwoods. The began to be grown extensively. soils are sedimentary and were transported from other While farming was the main occupation of the settlers, areas by the ocean or streams and were deposited in their a great deal of attention was given to wood products such present location. as turpentine, lumber, shingles, and staves. The central and southern parts of the county are About the time of the Civil War, the farmers were drained by the Cooper River and its tributaries. In these growing only cotton. As a result the soils declined in areas the soils are predominantly nearly level to gently productivity and yields were low, bringing about the ex- sloping but are strongly sloping in areas adjacent to the tensive use of commercial fertilizers. streams and drainageways. Soils in this area are predomi- About 1890 the price of cotton fell below the cost of nantly moderately well drained to very poorly drained. production. This paved the way for the diversification of An area in the central-southwestern part of the county crops (5). Tobacco was grown and proved to be very is drained by the Ashley River through Cypress Swamp profitable. Today, soybeans are the dominant cash crop and a few smaller tributaries. The soils in this area are produced in the county. mainly nearly level and moderately well drained to poorly drained. Some shallow, oval depressions that lack natural Santee-Cooper Authority surface outlets are in this area and are locally known as The Santee-Cooper Authority was created on May 19, Carolina Bays. 1934, by the South Carolina General Assembly for the A small, narrow strip along the southern part of the purpose of providing electrical power, navigation, and northwestern boundary of the county drains into the recreation to the area. It accounts for about 11 percent of Edisto River through Four Hole Swamp. The soils in this the electrical power in the State. area are mainly nearly level to gently sloping and well The Santee-Cooper Authority controls two lakes: Lake drained to very poorly drained. Marion (110,600 acres) and Lake Moultrie (60,800 acres). A narrow strip along the northern and northeastern All of Lake Moultrie and 10,200 acres of Lake Marion are boundaries of the county is drained by short laterals into in Berkeley County. These lakes were named after the Santee River. The soils in this area are mainly nearly Revolutionary War heroes General Francis Marion and level and moderately well drained to poorly drained. Most General William Moultrie. of the area is within the flood plain of the Santee River. Recreation has emerged as one of the primary uses of The elevation of Berkeley County ranges from a high these lakes. The Santee-Cooper area provides habitat for of about 105 feet above sea level in the Catons Bay area the world's only landlocked striped bass, also known as in the western part of the county to sea level on Daniels rockfish. There is excellent fishing for bass, crappie, and Island at the intersection of the Cooper and Wando bream. More than 800 permanent campsites are at various Rivers. locations around the lakes. These lakes are surrounded by The geology of Berkeley County is characteristic of the thousands of summer homes and cottages and provide op- Atlantic Coastal Plain. The geologic formation covering portunities for swimming, boating, and water skiing. the. surface of the county is of Pleistocene age. The Santee-Cooper Authority has made land available to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for use in the at- Settlement and development traction and wintering of waterfowl. As a result, the San- The first to be attracted to this area were hunters, tee-Cooper area provides excellent hunting for wildfowl. trappers, and dealers in furs and skins. Later came others The north-south Atlantic Flyway passes over this area. who herded cattle and drove them to Charleston and other distant markets. These early enterprises gave way References to permanent settlement, and farming became the chief means of livelihood. Farming was confined almost entirely (1) American Association of State Highway [and Transportation] Offi- to areas of well drained soils. The extensive wet areas cials. 1970. Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and testing. Ed. 10, 2 vol., illus. were not considered of any value until later, when the (2) American Society for Testing and Materials. 1974. Method for clas- production of turpentine and lumber became important. sification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Stand. D 2487- From the first settlements a farming system developed 69. In 1974 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 19, 464 pp., that prevailed without many changes until the Civil War. illus. (3) Colquhoun, Donald J. 1965. Terrace sediment complexes in central Corn and wheat were the main crops, and hogs, cows, and South Carolina. Atlantic Coastal Plain Geological Association sheep were the main types of livestock. Some attention Field Conference. 62 pp., illus. was given to the growing of indigo, which was a profita- (4) Cooke, C. Wythe. 1936. Geology of the Coastal Plain of South ble crop as long as a bounty was kept on it by the En- Carolina, U.S. Dept. Int., Geol. Survey Bull. 867, 196 pp., illus. (5) Latimer, W. J., and others. 1921. Soil survey of Berkeley County, glish Government. The removal of the bounty during the South Carolina. In Field operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1916.' Revolutionary War caused a rapid decline in the industry. U.S. Dep. Agric., pp. 483-520. 48 SOIL SURVEY (6) Love, Theodore R., and Andrew, Louis E. 1967. Soil management Cemented.-Hard; little affected by moistening. report, Francis Marion National Forest, South Carolina. U.S. Dep. Cutbanks cave. Unstable walls of cuts made by earthmoving equipment. Agric., Forest Service. The soil sloughs easily. (7) United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. Soil survey manual. Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, U.S. Dep. Agric. Hand.b. 18, 503 pp., illus. [Supplements replacing ice, or other geologic agents and by such processes as gravitational pp. 173-188 issued May 19621 creep. (8) United States Department of Agriculture. 1965. Predicting rainfall Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic processes acting over erosion losses for cropland east of the Rocky Mountains. U.S. long geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of moun- Dep. Agric. Handb. 282, 47 pp. tains and the building up of such landscape features as flood plains (9) United States Department of Agriculture. 1975. Soil taxonomy: a and coastal plains. Synonym: natural erosion. basic system of'soil classification for making and interpreting soil Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid than geologic ero- surveys. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 436, 754 pp., illus. sion, mainly as a result of the activities of man or other animals or of a catastrophe in nature, for example, fire, that exposes a bare surface. Glossary Excess fines. Excess silt and clay. The soil does not provide a source of gravel or sand for construction purposes. Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, deposited on land by Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide plant nutrients, streams. in adequate amounts and in proper balance, for the growth of Area reclaim. An area difficult to reclaim after the removal of soil for specified plants when light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other construction and other uses. Revegetation and erosion control are growth factors are favorable. extremely difficult. Flooding. The temporary covering of soil with water from overflowing Available water capacity (available moisture capacity). The capacity streams, runoff from adjacent slopes, and tides. Frequency, dura- of soils to hold water available for use by most plants. It is com- tion, and probable dates of occurrence are estimated. Frequency is monly defined as the difference between the amount of soil water expressed as none, rare, occasional, and frequent. None means that at field moisture capacity and the amount at wilting point. It is flooding is not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under commonly expressed as inches of water per inch of soil. The capaci- unusual weather conditions; occasional that it occurs on an average ty, in inches, in a. 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed of once or less in 2 years; and frequent that it occurs on an average as- of more than once in 2 years. Duration is expressed as very brief if Inches less than 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, and long if more than 7 days. Very low .................................................................... 0 to 3Probable dates are expressed in months; November-May, for exam- Low ............................................................................ 3 to 6ple, means that flooding can occur during the period November Moderate .................................................................... 6 to 9through May. Water standing for short periods after rainfall or High ................................................................ More than 9 commonly covering swamps and marshes is not considered flooding. Base saturation. The degree to which material having base exchange Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a stream and is properties is saturated with exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, subject to flooding unless protected artificially. Na, K), expressed as a percentage of the exchange capacity. Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in porosity and con- Carolina Bay. A shallow, commonly oval depression in the coastal plain tent of organic matter and low or moderate in clay but high in silt of the southeastern United States. or very fine sand. A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots. Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less than. 0.002 millimeter When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher bulk density in diameter. As a soil textural class, soil material that is 140 percent or than the horizon or horizons above. When moist, it tends to rupture more clay, less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 percent silt. suddenly under pressure rather than to deform slowly. Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the surface of a soil ag- Gleyed soil. A soil having one or more neutral gray horizons as a result gregate or lining pores or root channels. Synonyms: clay coat, clay of waterlogging and lack of oxygen. The term "gleyed" also skin. designates gray horizons and horizons having yellow and gray mot- Compressible. Excessive decrease in volume of soft soil under load. tles as a result of intermittent waterlogging. Concretions. Grains, pellets, or nodules of various sizes, shapes, and Horizon, argillic. A subsurface horizon into which clay has moved. It colors consisting of concentrated compounds or cemented soil has about 20 percent more clay than the horizons above. The grains. The composition of most concretions is unlike that of the presence of clay films on ped surfaces and in soil pores is evidence surrounding soil. Calcium carbonate and iron oxide are common of clay movement. compounds in concretions. Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to the surface, hav- Consistence, soil. The feel of the soil and the ease with which a lump ing distinct characteristics produced by soil-forming processes. The can be crushed 'by the fingers. Terms commonly used to describe major horizons of mineral soil are as follows: consistence are- 0 horizon.-An organic layer, fresh and decaying plant residue, at Loose.- Noncoherent when dry or moist; does not hold together in a the surface of a mineral soil. mass. A horizon.-The mineral horizon, formed or forming at or near the Friable.-When moist, crushes easily under gentle pressure surface, in which an accumulation of humified organic matter is between thumb and forefinger and can be pressed together into a mixed with the mineral material. Also, a plowed surface horizon lump. most of which was originally part of a B horizon. Firm.-When moist, crushes under moderate pressure between A2 horizon.-A mineral horizon, mainly a residual concentration of thumb and forefinger, but resistance is distinctly noticeable. sand and silt high in content of resistant minerals as a result of the Plastic.-When wet, readily deformed by moderate pressure but loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or a combination of these. can be pressed into a lump; will form a "wire" when rolled between B horizon.-The mineral horizon below an A horizon. The B horizon thumb and forefinger. is in part a layer of change from the overlying A to the underlying Sticky.-When wet, adheres to other material and tends to stretch C horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive characteristics caused somewhat and pull apart rather than to pull free from other materi- (1) by accumulation of clay, sesquioxides, humus, or a combination al. of these; (2) by prismatic or blocky structure; (3) by redder or Hard.-When dry, moderately resistant to pressure; can be broken browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) by a combination with difficulty between thumb and forefinger. of these. The combined A and B horizons are generally called the Soft.-When dry, breaks into powder or individual grains under solum, or true soil. If a soil lacks a B horizon, the A horizon alone is very slight pressure. the solum. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 49 C horizon.-The mineral horizon or layer, excluding indurated Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series or other unit in the soil clas- bedrock, that is little affected by soil-forming processes and does sification system based on differences in the soil that affect its not have the properties typical of the A or B horizon. The material management. A soil series, for example, may be divided into phases of a C horizon may be either like or unlike that from which the on the bases of differences in slope, stoniness, thickness, or some solum is presumed to have formed. If the material is known to other characteristic that affects management. These differences are differ from that in the solum the Roman numeral Il precedes the too small to justify separate series. letter C. Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil changes from a R layer.- Consolidated rock beneath the soil. The rock commonly semisolid to a plastic state. underlies a C horizon, but can be directly below an A or a B Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly weathered mixture horizon. of clay with quartz and other diluents that commonly appears as Horizon, spodic. A subsurface horizon in which amorphous material red mottles, usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns. consisting of organic matter plus compounds of aluminum and Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone hardpan or to irregu- usually iron have accumulated. lar aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying, espe- Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the immediate surface cially if it is exposed also to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, of soil or other material, as contrasted with percolation, which is plinthite can be cut with a spade, whereas ironstone cannot be cut movement of water through soil layers or material. but can be broken or shattered with a spade. Plinthite is one form Large stones. Rock fragments 10 inches (25 centimeters) or more of the material that has been called laterite. across. Large stones adversely affect the specified use. Poor outlets. Surface or subsurface drainage outlets difficult or expen- Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or other material sive to install. by percolating water. Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending through all its Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil passes from a horizons and into the parent material. plastic to a liquid state. Reaction, soil. The degree of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, expressed in Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay particles, 28 to 50 per- pH values. A soil that tests to pH 7.0 is described as precisely cent silt particles, and less than 52 percent sand particles. neutral in reaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The Low strength. Inadequate strength for supporting loads. degree of acidity or alkalinity is expressed as- Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and low in organic pH material. Its bulk density is greater than that of organic soil. Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil, including the tex- Extremely acid .................................................. Below 4.5 ture, structure, porosity, consistence, color, and other physical, Very strongly acid .............................................. 4.5 to 5.0 mineral, and biological properties of the various horizons, and the Strongly acid ................... ............... ........ ........... 5.1 to 5.5 thickness and arrangement of those horizons in the soil profile. Medium acid ........................................................ 5.6 to 6.0 Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that vary in number Slightly acid ........................................................ 6.1 to 6.5 and size. Mottling generally indicates poor aeration and impeded Neutral .................................................................. 6.6 to 7.3 drainage. Descriptive terms are as follows: abundance-few, com- Mildly alkaline .................................................... 7.4 to 7.8 mon, and many; size-fine, medium, and coarse; and con- Moderately alkaline ............................................ 7.9 to 8.4 trast-faint, distinct, and prominent. The size measurements are of Strongly alkaline ................................................ 8.5 to 9.0 the diameter along the greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than Very strongly alkaline ........................ 9.1 and higher 5 millimeters (about 02 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 millimeters Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface, considered col- (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about lectively. 0.6 inch). Runoff. The precipitation discharged in stream channels from a Muck. Dark colored, finely divided, well decomposed organic soil materi- drainage area. The water that flows off the land surface without al mixed with mineral soil material. The content of organic matter is sinking in is called surface runoff; that which enters the ground be- more than 20 percent. fore reaching surface streams is called ground-water runoff or Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees of the three simple seepage flow from ground water. variables-hue, value, and chroma. For example, a notation of JOYR Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an amount that impairs 6/4 is a color of 10YR hue, value of 6, and chroma of 4. growth of plants. A saline soil does not contain excess exchangeable Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant, essential to its sodium. growth, and used by it in the production of food and tissue. Plant Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral fragments from 0.05 nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in diameter. Most sand grains consist sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, boron, zinc, and perhaps other ele- of quartz. As a soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more ments obtained from the soil; and carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ob- sand and not more than 10 percent clay. tained largely from the air and water. Seepage. The rapid movement of water through the soil. Seepage adver- Parent material. The great variety of unconsolidated organic and sely affects the specified use. mineral material in which soil forms. Consolidated bedrock is not Series, soil. A group of soils, formed from a particular type of parent yet parent material by this concept. material, having horizons that, except for the texture of the A or Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a granule, a prism, or surface horizon, are similar in all profile characteristics and in ar- a block. rangement in the soil profile. Among these characteristics are color, Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called "a soil." A pedon is three texture, structure, reaction, consistence, and mineralogical and dimensional and large enough to permit study of all horizons. Its chemical composition. area ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet (I square meter to 10 Shrink-swell. The shrinking of soil when dry and the swelling when square meters), depending on the variability of the son. wet. Shrinking and swelling can damage roads, dams, building foun- Percolation. The downward movement of water through the soil. dations, and other structures. It can also damage plant roots. Percs slowly. The slow movement of water through the soil adversely Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that range in diame- affecting the specified use. ter from the upper limit of clay (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit Permeability. The quality that enables the soil to transmit water or air, of very fine sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil that measured as the number of inches per hour that water moves is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12 percent clay. through the soil. Terms describing permeability are very slow (less Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site based on the than 0.06 inch), slow (0.06 to 0.20 inch), moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 height of the dominant stand at an arbitrarily chosen age. For ex- inch), moderate (0.6 to 2.0 inches), moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 ample, if the average height attained by dominant and codominant inches), rapid (6.0 to 20 inches), and very rapid (more than 20 trees in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is 75 feet, the inches). site index is 75 feet. 50 SOIL SURVEY Slow refill. The slow filling of ponds, resulting from restricted permea- Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in bility in the soil. a mass of soil. The basic textural classes, in order of increasing pro- Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth's surface that is portion of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, capable of supporting plants and has properties resulting from the silt, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy integrated effect of climate and living matter acting on earthy clay, silty clay, and clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam parent material, a.s conditioned by relief over periods of time. classes may be further divided by specifying "coarse," 'Tine," or Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizon, in which very fine." the processes of soil formation are active. The solum in mature soil Thin layer. Otherwise suitable soil material too thin for the specified consists of the A and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of use. the material in these horizons are unlike those of the underlying Tilth, soil. The condition of the soil, especially the soil structure, as re- material. The living roots and other plant and animal life charac- lated to the growth of plants. Good tilth refers to the friable state teristics of the soil are largely confined to the solum. and is associated with high noncapillary porosity and stable struc- Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil particles into com- ture. A soil in poor tilth is nonfriable, hard, nonaggregated, and dif- pound particles or aggregates that are separated from adjoining ag- ficult to till. gregates. The principal forms of soil structure are-platy Topsoil (engineering). Presumably a fertile soil or soil material, or one (laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates longer than that responds to fertilization, ordinarily rich in organic matter, used horizontal), columnar (prisms with rounded tops), blocky (angular to topdress roadbanks, lawns, and gardens. or subangular), and granular. Structureless soils are either single Unstable fill. Risk of caving or sloughing in banks of fill material. grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or massive (the parti- cles adhering witliout any regular cleavage, as in many hardpans). Water table. The upper limit of the soil or underlying rock material that Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of the solurn below is wholly saturated with water. plow depth. Water table, apparent. A thick zone of free water in the soil. An ap- Surface soil. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its equivalent in un- parent water table is indicated by the level at which water stands cultivated soil, ranging in depth from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 cen- in an uncased borehole after adequate time is allowed for adjust- timeters). Frequently designated as the "plow layer," or the "Ap ment in the surrounding soil. horizon." Water table, artesian. A water table under hydrostatic head, Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat or undulating, generally beneath an impermeable layer. When this layer is bordering a river, a lake, or the sea. A stream terrace is frequently penetrated, the water level rises in an uncased borehole. called a second bottom, in contrast with a flood plain, and is seldom Water table, perched. A water table standing above an unsaturated subject to overflow. A marine terrace, generally wide, was zone. In places an upper, or perched, water table is separated from deposited by the sea. a lower one by a dry zone. Illustrations 52 SOIL SURVEY Figure I.-Controlled catfish production pond on Craven loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. ,V 9v Figure 2-Natural pine forest on Goldsboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 53 + - --A MX` Figure S.-Installing tile on somewhat poorly drained Lynchburg fine sandy loam. This soil is very suitable for tile drainage. A S@, 00- N541 W- Figure 4-Recently prepared beds for pine seedlings on Ocilla loamy fine sand. 54 SOIL SURVEY X PAMLICO LAKEMARION EPHEN TALBOT PENHOLOWAY LAKE WICOMICO MOULTRIE x ....... ........ X.. S 0 ..... ..Jill X 26 .... . .......... EK OCISE C N 0 6 12 miles APPROXIMATE SCALE Figure 5-Geological terraces of Berkeley County. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 55 LAKEMARION ST. STEPHEN LAKE MOULTRIE =7 MONCKS Vk CORNER 50 tit( tit 6 loo GOOSECREEK 6 12 miles OL I APPROXIMATE SCALE Figure g.-Physiographic scrap relationship in Berkeley County. Tables 58 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 1-ACREAGE AND PROPORTIONATE EXTENT OF THE SOILS Map 1 symbol! Soil name 1 Acres :Percent AU !Aquic Udifluvents ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,600 1 0.2 Ba :Bayboro loam ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 23,100 1 3.3 Be !Bethera loam ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 42,100 6.o BH !Bohicket association --------------------------------------------------------------- 13,500 1.9 BoA jBonneau loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ------------------------------------------ 17,000 2.4 BoB jBonneau loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes ------------------------------------------ 32,000 4.5 Bp :Borrow pits ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,000 0.1 By !Byars loam ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10,900 1.5 CaB :Cainhoy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes ------------------------------------------- 10,675 1 1.5 CP ICapers association ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4,ioo 1 o.6 CoA !Caroline fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ------------------------------------ 1,205 0.2 CoB !Caroline fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ------------------------------------ 8,900 1.2 CS :Chastain association, frequently flooded ------------------------------------------- 5,500 0.8 Ct !Chipley-Echaw complex -------------------------------------------------------------- 23,800 3.4 Cu !Coxville fine sandy loam ----------------------------------------------------------- 9,725 1.3 CvA ICraven loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ------------------------------------------------- 28,700 4.1 CvB !Craven loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ------------------------------------------------- 1,280 0.2 DuA jDuplin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes -------------------------------------- 40,700 5.8 DuB !Duplin fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes -------------------------------------- 9,500 1.3 GoA :Goldsboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ---------------------------------------- 69,000 1 9.8 Le :Lenoir fine sandy loam ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 20,8oo 3.0 Lo !Leon fine sand --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2,525 0.4 LuB Mucy loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes --------------------------------------------- 825 1 0.1 Ly !Lynchburg fine sandy loam ---------------------------------------------------------- 25,150 3.6 Mg :Meggett loam ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 72,000 10.2 Mp jMeggett clay loam ------------------------------------------------------------------ 17,500 1 2.5 NoA !Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ------------------------------------------ lo,4oo 1.5 NoB :Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes ------------------------------------------ 3,085 o.4 Oc :Ocilla loamy fine sand ------------------------------------------------------------- 16,ooo 1 2.3 Pa !Pan,lico muck ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4,590 0.7 Pe !Pantego fine sandy loam ------------------------------------------------------------ 25,430 3.6 Pk :Pickney loamy fine sand ------------------------------------------------------------ 14,goo 2.1 Ra !Rains fine sandy loam -------------------------------------------------------------- 31,200 4.4 Sa !Santee loam ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3,350 0.5 Se !Seagate loamy sand ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1,900 0.3 TA 1Tawcaw association, frequently flooded --------------------------------------------- 37,700 1 5.4 UD Wdorthents ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1,o85 : 0.2 Wa Nahee loam ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 47,000 1 6.7 Wt Nitherbee fine sand ---------------------------------------------------------------- 6,500 0.9 Waterl -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7,775 1.1 ----------- ------- Total -------------------------------------------------------------------- ?04,000 100.0 lExcludes Lake Moultrie and Lake Marion. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 59 TABLE 2.--YIELDS PER ACRE OF CROPS AND PASTURE [All yields were estimated for a high level of management in 1974. Absence of a yield figure indicates the crop is seldom grown or is not suited] Soil name and Corti Soybeans Improved Bahiagrass map symbol bermudagrass Bu E-u AUMI -A-U-MT Aquic Udifluvents: AU ----------------------- 100 40 10.0 Bayboro: Ba ----------------------- 110 40 10.0 Bethera: Be ----------------------- 105 35 10.0 Bohicket: 2BH ---------------------- Bonneau: BoA, BoB ----------------- 85 30 8.5 8.0 Borrow pits: Bp. Byars: By ----------------------- 1 110 40 10.0 Cainhoy: CaB ---------------------- 55 20 6.5 5.0 Capers: 2Cp --------------------- - Caroline: COA ---------------------- 1 100 35 8.5 i 8.5 CoB ---------------------- 95 30 8.o i 7.5 Chastain: 2CS --------------------- Chipley: 2Ct ---------------------- 1 70 30 7.5 7.5 Coxville: Cu ----------------------- 1 105 35 10.0 Craven: CvA ---------------------- 1 105 40 8.5 CvB ---------------------- 95 35 8.5 Duplin: DuA ---------------------- 110 45 8.5 DuB ---------------------- 100 40 8.5 Goldsboro: GoA ---------------------- 1 120 45 11.5 11.5 Lenoir: Le ----------------------- 1 90 40 8.o Leon: Lo ----------------------- 50 20 7.5 Lucy: LuB ---------------------- 80 30 8.5 8.5 Lynchburg: Ly ----------------------- 1 115 45 10.0 Meggett: Mg ----------------------- 105 35 10.0 Mp ----------------------- See footnotes at end of table. 60 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 2-YIELDS PER ACRE OF CROPS AND PASTURE--Continued i i i i Soil name and Corn Soybeans Improved Bahiagrass map symbol bermudagrass A_U Bu LU-M-1 AUMI Norfolk: 10.5 NoA ---------------------- 1 110 40 11.0 NoB ---------------------- 1 100 35 11.0 10.0 Ocilla: Oc ----------------------- 85 35 8.5 7.5 Pamlico: Pa ----------------------- Pantego: Pe ----------------------- 110 4o 10.0 Pickney: Pk ----------------------- 8.o Rains: Ra ----------------------- 110 4o 10.0 Sa ----------------------- 110 4o 10.0 Seagate: Se ----------------------- 75 30 8.0 Tawcaw: 2TA ---------------------- Udorthents: UD ----------------------- Wahee: Wa ----------------------- 90 40 8.o Witherbee: Wt ----------------------- i 70 25 10.0 10.0 lAnimal-unit-month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one mule five sheep, or five goats) for a period of 30 days. hhis mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 61 TABLE 3---WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY [Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed in this table. Absence of an entry in a column means the information was not available] i i Management concerns i Potential oroductivity Soil name and :Ordi- 1 1 Equip- !Seedling! map symbol :nation!Erosion I ment Imortal- I Important trees Site Trees to plant 1symbollhazard 1 limita-1 ity i 1 index 1 tion Aquic Udifluvents: 1 AU ---------------- 1 2w8 !Slight !Moderate!Moderatel -------------------- i --- jLoblolly pine, sweetgum, American sycamore. Bayboro: Ba ---------------- 1 2wq !Slight !Severe !Severe :Loblolly pine ------- 95 :Slash pine, jSweetgum ------------ 94 1 loblolly pine, :Slash pine ---------- 1 95 sweetgum, !Yellow-poplar ------- water tupelo. !Southern red oak ---- !White oak ----------- Bethera: Be ---------------- 1 2w9 !Slight !Severe !Severe Moblolly pine ------- 1 92 jLoblolly pine, !Slash pine ---------- 1 90 : slash pine, jLongleaf pine ------- 1 71 1 3weetgum, American sycamore. Bonneau: BoA, BoB ---------- 1 2s2 :Slight !Moderate;Moderate!Loblolly pine ------- 95 :Loblolly pine, :-Longleaf pine ------- 75 longleaf pine. Byars: By ---------------- 2w9 :Slight !Severe :Severe jLoblolly pine ------- 95 jLoblolly pine, :Sweetgum ------------ 90 slash pine, !Water tupelo -------- 90 water tupelo, :Slash pine ---------- 92 American sycamore. Nater oak ----------- 90 Cainhoy: CaB --------------- 3s2 !Slight !Moderate:Moderate!Longleaf pine ------- 70 !Longleaf pine. !Loblolly pine ------- 1 76 Caroline: CoA, CoB ---------- 2ol !Slight !Moderate!Moderate!Virginia pine ------- 90 jLoblolly pine, :Loblolly pine ------- 90 1 slash pine. !White oak ----------- :Red oak ------------- Chastain: 1CS --------------- 2wq !Slight !Severe :Severe jSweetgum ------------1 94 :Loblolly pine, Nater oak ----------- : 89 American sycamore, :Eastern cottonwood--! 90 sweetgum, !Green ash ----------- 88 cherrybark oak. :Loblolly pine ------- 90 !Water tupelo -------- :White oak ----------- :Southern red oak ---- !Baldcypress --------- Chipley: lct: Chipley part -----1 2s2 !Slight !Moderate!Slight !Slash pine ---------- 90 !Slash pine, :Loblolly pine ------- 90 loblolly pine. :Longleaf pine ------- 80 Echaw part -------1 3w2 :Slight :Moderate!Slight jLongleaf pine ------- 68 jLongleaf pine, :Loblolly pine ------- 1 85 1 loblolly pine, :Slash pine ---------- 80 slash pine, shortleaf pine. See footnote at end of table. 62 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 3---WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY--Continued Management concerns Potential productivity Soil name and Ordi- Equip- Seedling map symbol nation Erosion ment mortal- Important trees Site Trees to plant symbol hazard limita- ity index tion Coxville: Cu ---------------- 2w9 Slight Severe Severe Loblolly pine ------- 90 Loblolly pine, Slash pine ---------- 90 slash pine, Longleaf pine ------- 71 sweetgum, Sweetgum -------------90 American sycamore. Water oak ----------- 90 Willow oak ---------- Water tupelo -------- Craven: CvA, CvB ----------- 3w2 Slight Moderate Slight Loblolly pine ------- 81 Loblolly pine, Longleaf pine ------- 67 slash pine. Water oak ----------- 80 Duplin: DuA, DuB ----------- 2w8 Slight Moderate Moderate Loblolly pine ------- 90 Loblolly pine, Slash pine ---------- 90 slash pine, Sweetgum ------------ 90 yellow-poplar, Blackgum ------------ american sycamore, Southern red oak ---- sweetgum. White oak ----------- Yellow-poplar ------- 100 Goldsboro: GoA ----------------2w8 Slight Moderate Slight Loblolly pine ------- 90 Loblolly pine, Slash pine --------- 93 slash pine, Longleaf pine ----- 77 yellow-poplar, Sweetgum ------------ 90 American sycamore, Southern red oak ---- sweetgum. White oak ----------- Lenoir: Le ----------------- 2w8 Slight Moderate Moderate Loblolly pine ------- 90 Loblolly pine, Slash pine ---------- 90 slash pine, Sweetgum ---------- 90 longleaf pine, Longleaf pine ------- 70 sweetgum, Southern red oak ---- American sycamore. White oak ----------- Leon: Lo ---------------- 4w2 Slight Moderate Moderate Loblolly pine ------- 75 Loblolly pine, Slash pine ---------- 75 slash pine. Longleaf pine ------- 70 Lucy, LuB ---------------- 3s2 Slight Moderate Moderate Slash pine ---------- 80 Slash pine, Longleaf pine ------- 70 longleaf pine, Loblolly pine ----- 80 loblolly pine. Lynchburg: Ly ---------------- 2w8 Slight Moderate Slight Slash pine ---------- 91 Slash pine, Loblolly pine ------- 86 loblolly pine, Longleaf pine ------- 74 American sycamore, Yellow-poplar ------- 92 sweetgum. Sweetgum ------------ 90 Southern red oak ---- --- White oak ----------- Blackgum ------------ Meggett: Mg, Mp ------------ 1w9 Slight Severe Severe Slash pine ---------- 100 Slash pine, Loblolly pine ------- 104 loblolly pine. Pond pine ----------- 75 Norfolk: NoA, NoB ---------- 2ol Slight Slight Slight Loblolly pine ------- 86 Slash pine, Longleaf pine ------- 68 loblolly pine. Slash pine ---------- 86 Ocilla: 00 ---------------- 3w2 :Slight Moderate Moderate Loblolly pine ------- 79 Loblolly pine, Slash pine ---------- 80 slash pine. Longleaf pine ------- 75 See footnote at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 63 TABLE 3-WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRO~DUCTIVITY--Continued Managemen and Productivity Potential productivity Soil name and Ordi- Erosion Seedling, map symbol nation hazard Mortal- symbol ity Important trees Site index Trees to plant Pamlico: Slight Severe Severe Slash pine ---------- 70 Slash pine, Pa ---------------- 4w3 Pond pine ----------- 55 loblolly pine, Baldcypress --------- water tupelo. Water tupelo -------- Pantego: Pe ---------------- 1w9 Slight Severe Severe Loblolly pine ------- 98 Loblolly pine, Slash pine ---------- 95 slash pine, Pond pine ----------- 73 sweetgum, Baldcypress --------- --- American sycamore, Water tupelo -------- --- water tupelo. Water oak ----------- --- Pickney: Pk ---------------- 1w9 Slight Severe Severe Baldcypress --- --- Bald~cypress, Water tupelo -------- water tupelo, Sweetgum ------------ sweetgum, Water oak ----------- --- loblolly pine, Water tupelo -------- _ longleaf pine, Loblolly pine ------- 100 yellow-poplar. Longleaf pine ------- 70 Pond pine ----------- Yellow-poplar ------- Rains: Ra ---------------- 2w9 Slight Severe Severe Loblolly pine ------- 194 Loblolly pine, Slash pine ---------- 91 slash pine, Sweetgum ------------ 90 sweetgum, American sycamore. Santee: Sa ---------------- 1w9 Slight Severe Severe Loblolly pine ------- 105 Loblolly pine, Sweetgum ------------ 100 sweetgum, Water tupelo -------- 180 water tupelo, Willow oak ---------- 90 American sycamore. Seagate: Se ---------------- 3w2 Slight Moderate Moderate Slash pine ---------- 80 Slash pine, Loblolly pine ------- 80 loblolly pine. Longleaf pine ------- 70 Tawcaw: ITA --------------- 1w8 Slight Moderate Moderate Loblolly pine ------- 1100 Loblolly pine, Sweetgum ------------ 1100 eastern cottonwood, Water oak ----------- 190 American sycamore, Water tupelo -------- --- sweetgum, water oak, cherrybark oak. Udorthents: UD ---------------- 4r8 moderate Moderate Moderate -------------------- --- Loblolly pine, sweetgum, American sycamore, eastern redcedar. Wahee: Wa ---------------- 2w8 Slight Moderate Moderate Loblolly pine ------- 190 Loblolly pine, Slash pine ---------- 190 slash pine, Sweetgum ------------ 190 sweetgum, American sycamore, water oak. Witherbee: Wt ----------------2w8 Slight Moderate Slight Longleaf pine ------- 72 Loblolly pine, Loblolly pine ------- 90 longleaf pine, Slash pine ----------90 slash pine, shortleaf pine. This mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. Set mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. 64 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 4-WILDLIFE HABITAT POTENTIALS [See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "very poor." Absence of an entry indicates the soil was not rated] Potential for habitat elements 1 Potential as habitat for-- Soil name and Grain !Grasses Wild 1 1Conif- 1 :Shallow: i map symbol and : and herba- Mardwood! erous jWetlandj water 10penland !Woodland 1 Wetland seed !legumes ceous trees Iplants :plants 1 areas :wildlife :wildlife :wildlife crons 1 plants Aquic Udifluvents: AU ---------------- :Fair :Good !Good !Good :Good :Fair !Fair :Good !Good :Fair. Bayboro: Ba ---------------- Wair !Good !Good !Good @Good !Fair !Fair !Good !Good !Fair. Bethera: Be ---------------- !Fair :Fair Wair :Good !Good :Good Wood !Fair !Good !Good. Bohicket: 1BH --------------- :Very !Very !Very !Very !Very :Good !Good !Very :Very !Good. poor. poor. poor, poor. poor. poor. poor. Bonneau: BoA, BoB ---------- !Good ;Good ;Good !Good !Good !Poor :Poor :Good !Good !Poor. Borrow pits: Bp. Byars: By ---------------- !Fair :Fair iFair :Good :Good :Good :Good Wair !Good :Good. Cainhoy: CaB ----------------- :Poor !Poor !Fair :Poor jPoor !Very :Very !Poor !Poor :Very poor. poor. poor. Capers: 1CP ---------------- --- :Good !Good --- :Good. Caroline: CoA, CoB ----------- :Good :Good !Good :Good :Good jPoor :Very :Good :Good :Very poor. poor. Chastain: 1CS ---------------- :Very !Poor :Poor :Fair :Poor :Good :Good :Poor :Fair :Good. poor. Chipley: lCt: Chipley part ----- :Poor !Fair :Fair :Fair Wair !Very !Very :Fair :Fair !Very poor. poor. poor. Echaw part ------- :Poor :Fair :Good Wair :Fair !Poor !Very :Fair !Fair !Very poor. poor. Coxville: Cu ----------------- !Fair !Fair !Fair !Good !Good @Good jGood !Fair !Good !Good. Craven: CvA --------------- !Good :Good :Good !Good !Good :Poor :Poor !Good !Good !Poor. CvB --------------- :Good :Good !Good :Good jGood !Poor :Very :Good :Good !Very poor. poor. Duplin: DuA --------------- :Good :Good :Good !Good :Good !Poor ;Poor :Good :Good :Poor. DuB --------------- !Good !Good !Good !Good !Good !Poor !Very !Good !Good :Very poor. poor. Goldsboro: GoA --------------- !Good !Good :Good !Good !Good :Poor :Very :Good !Good !very poor. poor. Lenoir: Le ---------------- !Fair !Good :Good !Good IGood :Fair :Fair :Good :Good !Fair. Leon: Lo ---------------- !Very :Poor :Poor :Poor jFair Wair !Fair !Fair !Fair :Fair. poor. See footnote at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 65 TABLE 4-WILDLIFE HABITAT POTENTIALS--Continued :otenWtial f?r habitat elementg Potential as habitat for-- Soil name and Grain !Grasse ld Conif !Shallow! map symbol and 1 and herba- :Hardwood: erous Netland: water 10penland lWoodland I Wetland seed !legumes ceous 1 trees 1 plants !plants 1 areas !wildlife :wildlife !wildlife crops plants Lucy: LuB --------------- !Fair :Fair :Good :Good :Good !Poor !Very :Fair !Good !Very poor. poor. Lynchburg: Ly ---------------- :Fair !Good :Good :Good !Good :Fair :Fair !Good !Good Wair. Meggett: Mg, Mp ------------ @Fair !Fair !Fair :Good !Fair :Good !Good !Fair :Good jGood. Norfolk: NoA, NoB ---------- !Good !Good !Good !Good :Gqod !Poor :Very !Good !Good !Very poor. 1 poor. Ocilla: Oc ---------------- :Fair :Fair :Good :Fair !Good :Fair Wair :Fair !Good lFair. Pamlico: Pa ---------------- !Very !Poor !Poor :Poor !Poor :Good !Good 1poor !Poor :Good. 1 poor. Pantego; Pe ---------------- :Fair !Fair ;Fair !Good !Good !Good !Good !Fair !Good !Good. Pickney: Pk ---------------- :Poor !Poor :Poor :Fair !Fair !Good !Good :Poor !Fair jGood. Rains: Ra ---------------- !Fair !Fair !Fair :Good !Good :Good !Good !Fair !Good :Good. Santee: Sa ---------------- !Fair !Fair !Good :Good :Good :Good :Good !Fair :Good !Good. Seagate: Se ---------------- !Poor :Poor :Fair :Poor :Poor :Poor !Poor :Poor !Poor :Poor. Tawcaw: 1TA --------------- !Very !Poor !Poor !Good :Fair Wair Wair !Poor !Fair !Fair. poor. Udorthents: UD ---------------- :Very !Poor :Fair !Fair :Poor !Very :Very !Poor !Fair !Very poor. poor. poor. poor. Wahee: Wa ---------------- !Fair !Good !Good !Good @Good !Fair !Fair !Good !Good !Fair. Witherbee: Wt ---------------- !Poor !Fair :Fair :Fair !Fair :Fair !Very !Fair :Fair :Poor. poor. 1This mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. 66 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 5-BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT ["Shrink-swell" and some of the other terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry means soil was not rated] Dwellings Small Soil name and Shallow without commercial Local roads map symbol excavations basements buildings and streets Aquic Udifluvents: AU ----------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: too clayey, low strength, low strength, low strength, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Bayboro: Ba ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, floods, floods, floods, floods, too clayey. low strength. low strength. low strength. Bethera: Be ----------------- :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: floods, floods, floods, floods, too clayey, low strength, low strength, low strength, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Bohicket: 1BH ---------------- :Severe: !Severe: jSevere: !Severe: floods, floods, floods, floods, too clayey, shrink-swell, shrink-swell, shrink-swell, wetness. low strength. low strength. low strength. Bonneau: BoA ---------------- !Moderate: !Slight --------------- 13light --------------- !Slight. 1 wetness. i i i i BoB ---------------- !Moderate: !Slight --------------- :Moderate: !Slight. wetness. slope. Borrow pits: Bp. Byars: By ----------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: wetness, 1 wetness, 1 wetness, wetness, floods, 1 floods, floods, floods, too clayey. 1low strength. low strength. low strength. Cainhoy: CaB ----------------- !Severe: !Slight --------------- jSlight --------------- !Slight. cutbanks cave. j Capers: 1CP ----------------- !Severe: !severe: !Severe: !Severe: 1 floods, floods, floods, 1 floods, wetness. low strength. low strength. low strength. Caroline: CoA, CoB ------------ !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: :Severe: too clayey. low strength. low strength. low strength. Chastain: ICS ----------------- :Severe: !severe: :Severe: :Severe: floods, floods, floods, floods, wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, too clayey. low strength. low strength. low strength. Chipley: lCt: Chipley part ------ :Severe: !Slight --------------- Noderate: Noderate: cutbanks cave. wetness. wetness. Echaw part -------- !Moderate: !Slight --------------- !Moderate: Noderate: 1 cutbanks cave, wetness. wetness. wetness. Coxville: Cu ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !severe: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, too clayey, low strength, low strength, low strength, floods. floods. floods. floods. See footnote at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 67 TABLE 5-BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT--Continued Dwellings Small Soil name and Shallow without commercial Local roads map symbol excavations basements buildings and streets Craven: CvA, CvB ----------- ISevere: !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: too clayey. low strength. low strength. low strength. Duplin: DuA ---------------- !Moderate: !Moderate: !Moderate: !Severe: 1 too clayey, shrink-swell, wetness, low strength. wetness. wetness. shrink-swell. DuB ---------------- !Moderate: !Moderate: !Moderate: !Severe: 1 too clayey, 1 shrink-swell, slope, low strength. wetness. wetness. shrink-swell. Goldsboro: GoA ---------------- :Moderate: !Slight --------------- :Moderate: :Slight. wetness. wetness. Lenoir: Le ----------------- :Severe: !severe: !Severe: !Severe: wetness, wetness, wetness, low strength. too clayey. low strength. low strength. Leon: Lo ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: cutbanks cave, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Lucy: LuB ---------------- !Slight --------------- !Slight --------------- !Slight --------------- :Slight. Lynchburg: Ly ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !severe: !Moderate: wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Meggett: Mg ----------------- !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !severe: too clayey, 1 floods, floods, floods, floods, wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness. shrink-swell. shrink-swell. shrink-swell. Mp ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe; :Severe: too clayey, shrink-swell, shrink-swell, 1 shrink-swell, floods, floods, floods, floods, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Norfolk: NoA ---------------- !Slight --------------- !Slight --------------- :Slight --------------- !Slight. NoB ---------------- :Slight --------------- :Slight --------------- :Moderate: !Slight. slope. Ocilla: Oc ----------------- !Severe: !Moderate: !Severe: !Moderate: wetness. I wetness. wetness. wetness. Pamlico: Pa ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: 1 floods, wetness, wetness, 1 wetness, wetness. floods, floods, floods, low strength. low strength. low strength. Pantego: Pe ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: wetness. wetness, wetness, wetness, floods. floods. floods. Fickney: Pk ----------------- !Severe: !severe: !Severe: :Severe: cutbanks cave, floods, floods, floods, floods, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. See footnote at end of table. 68 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 5.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT--Continued Dwellings Small Soil name and Shallow without commercial Local roads map symbol excavations basements buildings and streets Rains: Ra ----------------- !Severe: ISevere: !Severe: !Severe: wetness, wetness, wetness, floods, floods. floods. floods. wetness. Santee: Sa ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: 1 too clayey, I floods, 1 floods, floods, floods, wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness. low strength. low strength. low strength. Seagate: Se ----------------- :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Moderate: I wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Tawcaw: 1TA ---------------- !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: I floods, floods, floods, floods, wetness, low strength. wetness, low strength. too clayey. low strength. Udorthents: UD ----------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: slope. slope. slope. slope. Wahee: Wa ----------------- !Severe: :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: I wetness, I wetness, wetness, 1 low strength. too clayey. low strength. low strength. Witherbee: Wt ----------------- :Severe: !Severe: !severe: !Moderate: cutbanks cave, wetness. 1 wetness. wetness. wetness. 1This mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 69 TABLE 6-SANITARY FACILITIES ["Peres slowly" and some of the other terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," "good," "fair," and other terms used to rate soils. Absence of an entry means soil was not rated] 1 Septic tank Trench Area Soil name and absorption Sewage lagoon sanitary sanitary Daily cover map symbol fields areas landfill landfill for landfill Aquic Udifluvents: AU ----------------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- !Severe: !Severe: :Poor: Peres slowly, too clayey, wetness. too clayey, wetness. wetness. wetness. Bayboro: Ba ----------------- :Severe: :Slight ----------- !Severe: !Severe: !Poor: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, floods, floods, floods. too clayey. Peres slowly. too clayey. Bethera: Be ----------------- !Severe: !Slight ----------- :Severe: !Severe: !Poor: floods, floods, floods, 1 too clayey, wetness, wetness, wetness. wetness. Peres slowly. too clayey. Bohicket: 1BH ---------------- !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: :Poor: 1 floods, floods, floods, 1 floods, too clayey, Peres slowly, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Bonneau: BoA, BoB ----------- :Moderate: :Severe: !Severe: :Slight ----------- !Fair: wetness. seepage. wetness, too sandy. seepage. Borrow pits: Bp. Byars: By ----------------- :Severe: !Slight ----------- :Severe: :Severe: :Poor: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, floods, floods, floods. too clayey. Peres slowly. Cainhoy: CaB ---------------- :Slight2 ---------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Poor: seepage. 1 too sandy, seepage. seepage, seepage. too sandy. Capers: 1CP ---------------- !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Poor: 1 wetness, 1 floods, 1 floods, 1 floods, too clayey, floods, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Pero slowly. Caroline: CoA ---------------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- !Poor: 1 Peres slowly. too clayey. too clayey. CoB ---------------- !Severe: :Moderate: :Severe: :Slight ----------- !Poor: Peres slowly. slope. too clayey. too clayey. Chastain: 1CS ---------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: :Poor: floods, 1 floods. 1 floods, floods, too clayey, wetness, wetness, wetness. wetness. Peres slowly. too clayey. Chipley: lct: Chipley part ------ :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Poor: wetness. seepage, seepage, 1 seepage. too sandy, wetness. wetness. seepage. Echaw part -------- :Severe: :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Fair: wetness. seepage, seepage, seepage, too sandy, wetness. too sandy, wetness. seepage. wetness. Coxville: Cu ----------------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- !Severe: !Severe: !Poor: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, Peres slowly, floods, floods. too clayey. floods. too clayey. See footnotes at end of table. 70 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 6-SANITARY FACILITIES--Continued 1 Septic tank Trench Area Soil name and absorption Sewage lagoon sanitary sanitary Daily cover map symbol fields areas landfill landfill for landfill Craven: CvA, CvB ----------- !Severe: !Slight ----------- ISevere: !Severe: :Poor: percs slowly, wetness. wetness. too clayey. wetness. Duplin: DuA, DuB ----------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- :Severe: ISevere: :Fair: wetness, wetness. wetness. too clayey. peres slowly. Goldsboro: GoA ---------------- Noderate: :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !Good. wetness. I wetness. wetness. wetness. Lenoir: Le ----------------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- !Severe: ISevere: !Poor: wetness, wetness. wetness. too clayey. peras slowly. Leon: Lo ----------------- :Severe: :Severe: 19evere: :Severe: :Poor: wetness. 1 seepage, 1 seepage, seepage. 1 seepage, wetness. I wetness, 1 too sandy, too sandy. wetness. Lucy: LuB ---------------- :Slight ----------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- !Slight ----------- :Fair: 1 seepage. 1 too sandy. Lynchburg: Ly ----------------- !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Good. 1 wetness. 1 wetness. 1 wetness. I wetness. Meggett: Mg ----------------- :Severe: :Slight ----------- :Severe: :Severe: !Poor: peres slowly, too clayey, floods, too clayey, wetness, floods, wetness. wetness. floods. wetness. Mp ----------------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- :Severe: :Severe: :Poor: 1 percs slowly, too clayey, floods, too clayey, 1 wetness, floods, wetness. wetness. floods. wetness. Norfolk: NoA ----------------- !Slight ----------- Moderate: ISlight ----------- !Slight ----------- :Good. 1 seepage. NoB ----------------- :Slight ----------- :Moderate: :Slight ----------- :Slight ----------- !Good. 1 slope, seepage. Ocilla: Oc ------------------ :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Good. 1 wetness. I wetness. 1 wetness. wetness. Pamlico: Pa ------------------ :Severe: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: !Poor: wetness, 1 wetness, I wetness, I wetness, 1 wetness, floods. 1 floods, 1 floods. floods. 1 excess humus, 1 excess humus. 1hard to pack. Pantego: Pe ------------------ !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Poor: 1 wetness. 1 wetness. wetness. I wetness. wetness. Pickney: Pk ----------------- :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Poor: 1 floods, floods, floods, I floods, seepage, 1 wetness. seepage, seepage, 1 seepage, too sandy, wetness. wetness. 1 wetness. wetness. See footnotes at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 71 TABLE 6-SANITARY FACILITIES--Continued 1 Septic tank i Trench Area Soil name and absorption Sewage lagoon sanitary sanitary Daily cover map symbol fields areas landfill landfill for landfill Rains: Ra ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Poor: wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Santee: Sa ----------------- !Severe: !Slight ----------- :Severe: !Severe: !Poor: percs slowly, too clayey, floods, too clayey, floods, floods, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Seagate: Se ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Poor- wetness. wetness. wetness. 1 wetness. 1 thin layer, seepage. Tawcaw: 1TA ---------------- :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: !Poor: floods, 1 floods. floods, floods, too clayey. wetness, wetness, wetness. percs slowly. too clayey. Udorthents: UD ----------------- :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !Poor: slope. slope. slope. slope. slope. Wahee: Wa ----------------- !Severe: :Slight ----------- !Severe: !Severe: :Poor: wetness, wetness, wetness, too clayey. floods, floods. floods. percs slowly. Witherbee: Wt ----------------- !Severe: !Severe: @Severe: !severe- !Poor-. wetness. seepage, seepage, seepage, too sandy, wetness. too sandy. wetness. seepage. 1This mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. 2Excess ive permeabil ity rate may cause pollution of ground water. 72 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 7-CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ["Shrink-swell" and some of the other terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "unsuited." Absence of an entry means soil was not rated] i i i Soil name and Roadfill Sand Topsoil map symbol Aquic Udifluvents: AU ------------------- !Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: low strength, too clayey, wetness. wetness. Bayboro: Be ------------------- !Poor: :Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: wetness, wetness. low strength. Bethera: Be ------------------- :Poor: :Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: wetness, wetness. low strength. Bohicket: 1BH ------------------ jPoor: !Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: shrink-swell, wetness, low strength, too clayey. wetness. Bonneau: BoA, BoB ------------- !Good ------------------------ :Poor: !Poor: excess fines. too sandy. Borrow pits: Bp. Byars: By ------------------- :Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: wetness, wetness. low strength. Cainhoy: CaB ------------------ !Good ------------------------ !Fair: :Poor: excess fines. too sandy. Capers: 1CP ------------------ !Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: low strength, 1 too clayey, shrink-swell, 1 wetness. wetness. j i Caroline: CoA, CoB ------------- :Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- :Fair: low strength. thin layer. Chastain: 1CS ------------------ :Poor: :Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: wetness, wetness, low strength. too clayey. Chipley: lCt: Chipley part -------- :Good ------------------------ !Fair: !Poor: excess fines. 1 too sandy. Echaw part ---------- :Fair: !Good ------------------------ :Poor: wetness. too sandy. Coxville: Cu ------------------- !Poor: :Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: wetness, wetness, low strength. too clayey. Craven: CvA, CvB ------------- :Poor: :Unsuited -------------------- !Fair: low strength. thin layer. See footnote at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 73 TABLE 7-CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS--Continued Soil name and Roadfill Sand Topsoil map symbol Duplin: DuA, DuB ------------- :Poor: :Unsuited -------------------- !Fair: low strength. thin layer. Goldsboro: GoA ------------------ !Good ------------------------ !Unsuited -------------------- :Good. Lenoir: Le ------------------- !Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- jFair: low strength. thin layer. Leon: Lo ------------------- !Poor: !Fair-. jPoor: wetness. 1 excess fines. too sandy. Lucy: LuB ------------------ :Good ------------------------ !Poor: !Poor: excess fines. too sandy. Lynchburg: Ly ------------------- !Fair: !Unsuited -------------------- :Good. wetness. Meggett: Mg, Mp --------------- :Poor: Wnsuited -------------------- !Poor: 1 shrink-swell, thin layer, 1 wetness. wetness. Norfolk: NoA, NoB ------------- !Good ------------------------ !Unsuited -------------------- !Good. Ocilla: Oc ------------------- IFair: !Poor: jPoor: wetness. excess fines. too sandy. Pamlico: Pa ------------------- !Poor: !Poor: !Poor: wetness, excess humus. wetness. excess humus. Pantego: Pe ------------------- !Poor: !Poor: :Poor: wetness. excess fines. wetness. Pickney: Pk ------------------- :Poor: :Fair: :Poor: wetness. excess fines. too sandy, wetness. Rains: Ra ------------------- !Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: wetness. wetness. Santee: Sa ------------------- :Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: 1 wetness, too clayey, low strength. wetness. Seagate: Se ------------------- !Fair: :Unsuited -------------------- :Poor: wetness. too sandy. Tawcaw: 1TA ------------------ !Poor: :Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: low strength. too clayey. See footnote at end of table. 74 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 7-CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS--Continued Soil name and Roadfill Sand Topsoil map symbol Udorthents: UD ------------------- :Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: slope. slope, large stones. Wahee: Wa ------------------- !Poor: !Unsuited -------------------- !Poor: low strength. thin layer, area reclaim. Witherbee: Wt ------------------- !Fair: :Fair: !Poor: wetness. excess fines. too sandy. 1This mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 75 TABLE 8.-WATER MANAGEMENT ["Seepage" and some of the other terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined.in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry means soil was not evaluated] Limitations for- Features affecting- Soil name and Pond Embanments, Aquifer-fed map symbol reservoir dikes, and excavated Drainage Irrigation areas levees ponds Aquic Udifluvents: AU ------------ Slight --------- severe: Slight Percs slowly, Wetness, I I low strength. I I wetness. I percs slowly. Bayboro: Ba -------------- Slight ---------- Moderate: Slight ---------- Percs slowly, Wetness, shrink-swell, floods, Percs slowly, compressible. wetness. floods. Bethera: Be---------- Slight - - - - - - -Moderate: Slight - --------- Percs slowly, Percs slowly, low strength, wetness, wetness, shrink-swell. floods. floods. Bohicket: ~qISlight -------- ~qISevere~: ~qISevere -------- ~qIFloods, ~qINot needed. low strength, percs slowly, compressible) wetness. shrink-swell. Bonneau: BoA, BoB ------ -Moderate: Moderate: Moderate: Not needed ------ Fast intake, seepage. seepage, deep to water. seepage. piping. I I Borrow pits: Bp. Byars, By Slight------- Moderate: Slight -------- Wetness, Wetness, I compressible, percs slowly, percs slowly, shrink-swell. poor outlets. floods. Cainhoy: CaB Severe: Severe: Severe: Not needed ------- Fast intake, seepage. seepage, deep to water. seepage. piping, unstable fill. Capers* CP----Severe: severe: Severe: Floods, )Floods, excess humus. low strength slow refill. perc slowly. percs slowly. shrink-swell. Chastain: CS-------- Slight----- Moderate: Slight ... Floods Floods, compressible, wetness, wetness, low strength. percs slowly. percs slowly. Chipley: ct Chipley part---Severe: Severe: Moderate: Cutbanks cave--- Fast intake seepage. seepage, deep to water. slope. piping, unstable fill. Echaw, part---Severe: Severe Severe: Cutbanks cave-- Seepage, seepage. seepage, deep to water. fast intake. unstable fill, piping. Coxville: Cu------- Slight----- Moderate: Slight------ Wetness, Wetness, low strength, percs slowly. percs slowly. shrink-swell. floods. I I I I I See footnote at end of table. 76 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 8.-WATER MANAGEMENT-Continued Limitations for--- Features affecting- Soil name and Pond Embankments, Aquifer-fed I map symbol reservoir dikes, and excavated Drainage Irrigation areas levees ponds Craven: CvA, CvB ------ -Slight------Moderate: Severe: Percs slowly Erodes easily, piping. deep to water, percs slowly. slow refill. Duplin: DUA Slight-------Moderate: Moderate: Percs slowly- Wetness, compressible. deep to water, peres slowly. slow refill. DuB ------ Slight ---------- Moderate: Moderate: Slope----Favorable. compressible. deep to water, slow refill. Goldsboro: GoA--------- Moderate: Slight-------Moderate: Slope----Favorable. seepage. deep to water. Lenoir: le----- -- Slight------- I Moderate: Moderate: Percs slowly Wetness, compressible. slow refill. slow intake, percs slowly. Leon: Lo-------- Severe: Severe: Moderate: Cutbanks cave, Wetness. seepage. seepage deep to water. wetness. piping, erodes easily. Lucy: Lucy ------ Severe: Severe: Severe: Not needed----erodes easily, seepage. seepage, deep to water. fast intake, piping, seepage. erodes easily. Lynchburg: Moderate: Moderate: ;Moderate: Favorable Wetness. seepage. piping. deep to water. Meggett: Slight--- I Moderate: Slight-------- I Peres slowly, Percs slowly, I shrink-swell, wetness, I wetness. thin layer. floods. Mg Slight --------- Moderate: Moderate: Percs slowly, Percs slowly, shrink-swell, I slow refill. I wetness, I wetness. thin layer. floods. Norfolk: I NoA, NoB-----Moderate: Slight ---------- Severe: Not needed Favorable. seepage. deep to water. Ocilla: Oc ------ ---- Moderate: Moderate: Moderate: Favorable ----- Fast intake. seepage. seepage. slow refill. Pamlico: Pa --------- -Severe: Severe: Slight------ Floods, Wetness, seepage. piping. poor outlets. floods. Pantego: Pe------- Moderate: Slight -------- Slight-------Poor outlets--Wetness. seepage. Pickney: Pk ----------- - Severe: Severe: Slight --------- Cutbanks cave, Seepage, seepage. seepage, floods, floods, piping, poor outlets. wetness. unstable fill. See footnote at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 77 TABLE 8.-WATER MANAGEMENT-Continued Limitations for- Features affecting- Soil name and Pond Embankments Aquifer-fed I map symbol reservoir dikes, and excavated Drainage Irrigation areas levees ponds Rains: Ra---- - Moderate: Slight ------- Moderate: Wetness, Wetness seepage. deep to water. floods. floods. Santee: Sa---- Slight Moderate: Slight--- Perces slowly, Percs slowly, I I compressible, I floods, floods, I I low strength. I wetness. wetness. I I I I I Seagate: I I I I I Se- --- Severe: Moderate: Slight ------- Wetness----- Favorable. I seepage. I piping. I I I Tawoaw: 1T Slight Moderate: Severe: Floods, Floods,Moods, I I compressible, I deep to water. wetness, wetness, I I low strength. I percs slowly. percs slowly. I I I I I Udorthents: I I I I I UD---- Severe: Moderate: Severe: Not needed Slope. I slope. large stones. I no water. I I I I I I Wahee: I I I I Wa ------ ---- Slight ------ Moderate: Moderate: Peres slowly, Percs slowly., I I compressible. I slow refill. I wetness, I wetness, I I I I I slow intake. I I I I I Witherbee: I I I I I Wt Severe: Severe: Moderate: Cutbanks cave, Seepage, seepage. I seepage, I deep to water. I wetness. I wetness, I piping., I I I fast intake. I unstable fill. I I I I I I I 1This mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. 78 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 9-RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ["Shrink-swell" and some of the other terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe") Soil name and Camp areas Picnic areas Playgrounds Paths and trails map symbol Aquic Udifluvents: AU -------------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: 1 percs slowly, too clayey, percs slowly, too clayey, too clayey, wetness. too clayey, wetness. wetness. wetness. Bayboro: Ba -------------------- !Severe: :Severe: :Severe: :Severe: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, floods floods. floods, floods. percs Lowly. percs slowly. Bethera: Be -------------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: 1 floods, 1 floods, floods, 1 floods, percs slowly, wetness. percs slowly, wetness. wetness. wetness. Bohicket: 1BH ------------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: floods floods, 1 floods, floods, too clayey, too clayey, too clayey, too clayey, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Bonneau: BoA ------------------ :Moderate: !Moderate: :Moderate: !Moderate: too sandy. too sandy. too sandy. too sandy. BoB ------------------ Noderate: !Moderate: Noderate: !Moderate: too sandy. 1 too sandy. 1 too sandy, too sandy. slope. Borrow pits: Bp. Byars: By ------------------- :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, floods, floods. floods, floods. percs slowly. peres slowly. Cainhoy: CaB ------------------ !Severe: 13evere: :Severe: jSevere: 1 too sandy. too sandy. 1 too sandy. 1 too sandy. Capers: 1CP ------------------ !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: floods floods, floods, floods, too clayey. too clayey. too clayey. too clayey. Caroline: CoA ------------------- !Moderate: !Slight. :Moderate: !Slight. percs slowly. percs slowly. CoB ------------------- :Moderate: !Slight. :Moderate: :Slight. percs slowly. percs slowly, slope. Chastain: 1CS ------------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: :Severe: 1 floods floods, floods, floods, wetness, wetness. wetness, wetness. percs slowly. percs slowly. Chipley: Ict: Chipley part -------- !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: ISevere: 1 too sandy. too sandy. too sandy, I too sandy. soil blowing. Echaw part ---------- :Moderate: !Moderate: !Moderate: :Moderate: too sandy, I too sandy. too sandy, too sandy. wetness. wetness. See footnote at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 79 TABLE g.--RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT--Continued Soil name and Camp areas Picnic areas Playgrounds 1 Paths and trails map symbol Coxville: Cu ------------------- !Severe: !Severe: !Severe: ISevere: wetness, wetness. wetness, wetness. Peres slowly. Peres slowly. Craven: CvA ------------------ :Moderate: :Slight --------------- IModerate: !Slight. Peres slowly. Peres slowly, wetness. CvB ------------------ !Moderate: !Slight --------------- :Moderate: :Slight. Peres slowly. Peres slowly, slope. Duplin: DuA ------------------ !Moderate: !Slight --------------- !Moderate: !Slight. Peres slowly. wetness, Peres slowly. DuB ------------------ Noderate: :Slight --------------- !Moderate: :Slight. 1 Peres slowly. slope, Peres slowly. Goldsboro: GoA ------------------ !Slight --------------- :Slight --------------- :Moderate: !Slight. wetness. Lenoir: Le ------------------- !Severe: Noderate: ISevere: Noderate: wetness, wetness. 1 wetness, wetness. Peres slowly. Peres slowly. Leon: Lo ------------------- !Severe: :Severe: ISevere: !Severe: wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Lucy: LuB ------------------ :Moderate: Noderate: :Severe: Noderate: too sandy. too sandy. 1 too sandy. too sandy. Lynchburg: Ly ------------------- :Severe: :Moderate: !Severe: :Moderate: wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Meggett: Mg ------------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !severe: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, Peres slowly, floods. Peres slowly, floods floods. floods. Mp ------------------- !Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !Severe: wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, Peres slowly, floods. Peres slowly, floods. floods. floods. Norfolk: NoA ------------------ :Slight --------------- !Moderate: jModerate: Noderate: too sandy. 1 too sandy. too sandy. NoB ------------------ !Slight --------------- Noderate: :Moderate: IModerate: too sandy. 1 slope, too sandy. too sandy. Ocilla: Oc ------------------- Noderate: Noderate: Noderate: :Moderate: wetness, wetness. wetness, wetness. too sandy. too sandy. Pamlico: Pa ------------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: ISevere: wetness, wetness, 1 wetness, 1 wetness, floods. floods. 1 floods. floods. Pantego: j Pe ------------------- !Severe: !Severe: ISevere: !Severe: 1 wetness, wetness, wetness, wetness, floods. floods. floods. floods See footnote at end of table. 80 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 9-RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT--Continued Soil name and Camp areas Picnic areas Playgrounds Paths and trails map symbol Pickney: :Severe: :Severe: :Severe: Pk ------------------- ISevere: I I I 1 floods, 1 floods, floods, floods, 1 too sandy, too sandy, too sandy, too sandy, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Rains: Ra -------------------- :Severe: :Severe: !Severe: !severe: 1 wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. Santee: Sa ------------------- !Severe: !Severe: :Severe: !severe: percs slowly, floods, 1 percs slowly, floods, floods, wetness. floods, wetness. wetness. wetness. Seagate: Se ------------------- :Moderate: !Moderate: :Severe: !Severe: too sandy, too sandy, too sandy. too sandy. wetness. wetness. Tawcaw: 1TA ------------------ !Severe: !Severe: ISevere: !severe: floods, floods. floods, floods. wetness, wetness, percs slowly. percs slowly. Udorthents: UD ------------------- !Severe: !Severe: ISevere: !Severe: I slope. slope. slope. slope. Wahee: Wa ------------------- :Severe: :Moderate: !Severe: :Moderate: wetness, wetness. wetness, wetness. percs slowly. percs slowly. Witherbee: Wt ------------------- :Severe: !Moderate: !Severe: !Moderate: too sandy, too sandy, too sandy, too sandy, wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. IThis mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds Of Soil. See mapping unit description for the Composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. TABLE 10-ENGINEERING TEST DATA1 Mechaical analysis 2 Classification Percentage Percentage passing sieve smaller than Soil name Parent material Report Depth Horizon No. ation I Bethera loam: I I I I I I Bethera loan: Coastal plain sediments IH-87573 12-23 B21tg 1 100 1 91 1 65 ~q1 47 1 on South Carolina Highway S71SC-08-2 IH-87573 12-23 B21tg 100 90 65 47 47 17 1A-7-5(10)1mL 41, 1.2 Miles north of in- tersection of South Carol- lina Highway 41 and Forest I I I Service Road 251F; 100 feet I I I north of weir and 30 feet east of highway. Chastain silty clay loam: Alluvial sediments. from intersection of Echaw S71SC-08-4 IH-875791 0-7 1Al 1 100 93 1 88 1 72 Road (State Secondary High- 100 1 94 1 89 way 817) and county line I 1 100 92 89 (Wambaw Creek), 300 yards north on Echaw Road; 100 yards east of Echaw Road. Craven loam: ~qICoastal plain sediments~ql from intersection of South I ~371~SC~-08~-5 ~qIH-87582111~-181 B22t 1 100 1 97 ~q1 92 ~q1 80 ~0qt Carolina Highway 41 and I ~qIH-87583128-381 B24t 1 100 1 93 ~q1 73 ~q1 60 ~4q1 South Carolina Highway 402 ~q1 ~qIH-87584138-551 B25tg 1 100 ~q1 85 ~q1 62 ~q1 53 1 near Huger, 3.3 miles north on Highway 41 and 100 yards east on Lottie Road; 50 feet north of road. Goldsboro loamy sand: ~qJCoastal plain sedi~ments~ql from intersection of South S71SC~-08-9 ~qIH-87594114~-241 B21t 1 100 ~q1 74 1 37 ~q1 33 Carolina Highway 6 and U.S. ~qIH-87595124-35~q1 B22t I loo 1 68 1 29 ~q1 25 ~0q1 Highway 17-A; 1.0 mile west ~qIH-87596~q135-57~q1 B23tg 1 100 1 65 1 28 1 24 ~4q1 on Highway 6,1,1320 feet north on State Secondary Highway 510 and 500 feet west on unmarked road; 50 feet south of road. Lynchburg fine sandy loam: ~qJ~C~oastal plain sediments~q@ from intersection of South I S71SC~-08~-8 ~qIH-87591112~-281 B21tg 1 100 1 98 ~q1 47 1 34 1 Carolina Highway 402, South ~qIH-87592128-541 B22tg 1 100 ~q1 98 1 43 ~q1 33 ~4q1 Carolina Highway 41 and Bob ~qIH-87593154-651 B3~9 1 100 1 99 1 41 ~q1 27 ~4q1 Morris Forest Service Road I I I I I I 1 ~4q1 174, 4.5 miles northeast on I I I I I I I I Bob Morris Road; 50 feet I I I south on road. I I I I TABLE 10-ENGINEERING TEST DATA1--Continued Mechanical analysis 2 Classification percentage Percentage passing sieve smaller than Soil name Parent material report Depth Horizon No. 10 No. 60 No. 200 (0.005mm) Liquid limit Plasticity index AASHTO3 United4 and No. (2.0 mm) (0.25 mm) (0.074 mm) Meggett loam: Coastal plain sediments about 500 feet north of in- S71SC-08-3 H-87576 7-20 B21tg 100 74 67 48 57 26 A-7-5(15) MH tersection of Strawberry H-87577 20-40 B22tg 100 83 78 63 70 37 A-7-5(20) MH Road and State Secondary H-87578 54-63 B24tg 100 61 56 47 57 26 A-7-5-(12) MH Highway 402; 200 feet west of Strawberry Road. Norfold loamy sand: Coastal plain sediments H-87570 9-35 B21t 100 63 44 32 38 14 A-6(3) SC 0.8 mile west of J.K. S71SC-08-01 H-87571 35-50 B22t 100 65 45 32 37 12 A-6(3) SM Gourdin School and 900 feet H-87572 60-78 B3 100 56 42 36 44 14 A-7-5(2) SM south of South Carolina Highway 45 on dirt road; Pantego fine sandy loam: Coastal plain sediments from intersection of South S71SC-08-6 H-87585 0-14 A1 100 67 29 21 - NP A-2-4 SM Carolina Highway 6 and U.S. H-87586 20-30 B21tg 100 64 32 26 28 5 A-2-4 SM Highway 17-A in town limits H-87587 48-65 B32g 100 83 65 56 58 28 A-7-5(16) MH of Monoks corner, 1.0 mile west on Highway 6 and 1,000 feet north on State Second- ary Highway 510; 300 feet west of road. Tawcaw clay loam: Alluvial sediments. 3 miles west of J.K. S71SC-08-7 Gourdin School South H-87588 14-23 B22 100 93 78 62 64 32 A-7-5(20) MH Carolina Highway 45, 1.5 H-87589 23-50 B23 100 91 51 33 34 11 A-6(3) CL miles past Oakland Hunt H-87590 50-70 B3 100 97 44 30 30 8 A-4(2) SC Club on dirt road; near Santee River. 1Tests performed by South Carolina State Highway Department. 2Mechanical analyses according to the AASHTO Designation T 88(1). Results by this procedure frequently may differ somewhat from results that would have been obtained by the soil survey procedure of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). In the AASHTO procedure, the fine material is analyzed by the hydrometer method and the various grain-size fractions are calculated on teh basis of all the material, including that coarser than 2 millimeters in diameter. In the SCS soil survey procedure, the fine material is analyzed by the pipette method and the material coarser than 2 millimeters in diameter is excluded from calculations of grain-size fractions. The mechanical analyses used in this table are not suitable for use in naming textural classes for soil. 3AASHTO Designation M 145-49(l). 4Based on the Unified soil classification system (2). BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 83 TABLE 11-ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS (The symbol < means less than. Absence of an entry means data were not estimated] Classification Percentage passing Plas- Soil name and 1Depth1 USDA texture 1 sieve number-- !Liquid ticity map symbol Unified I AASHTO 4 1 10 1 40 1 200 1 limit 1 index In Pot Aquic Udifluvents: 1 AU ---------------- 10-5 !Silt loam, silty!MH, CH, !A-7, A-6 1 100 1 100 1100 180-1001 30-60 11-30 clay loam I ML, CL 5-65 !Clay, silty clayjCH 1A-7 1 100 1 100 1100 195-100: 55-80 1 30-45 Bayboro: Ba ---------------- 10-10 !Loam ------------ jCL, ML !A-6, A-7 1 100 1 100 :85-100:60-80 1 30-42 1 11-22 110-60 !Clay loam, sandyICL, CH jA-7 1 100 1 100 185-100155-90 1 41-70 1 20-40 1 1 clay, clay. I I Bethera: I I Be ---------------- 10-7 :Loam ------------ 1ML, CL, :A-4, A-6 1 loo 198-loo!88-97 140-76 i 20-40 1 3-20 I I I CL-ML, I I I SM-SC 17-68 !Clay, clay loam,ICL, CH, !A-6, A-7 1 100 198-100193-100155-95 1 35-55 1 12-30 1 1 sandy clay. I ML i I I I I i i 168-94 !clay, sandy 1CL, CH, !A-7, A-6, 1 100 198-100180-100:51-95 1 30-55 1 8-30 I I clay, sandy I MC 1 A-4 clay loam. Bohicket: I IBB --------------- 10-16 !Silty clay loam jCH 1A-7 100 199-100198-100190-1001 60-1W 35-70 116-60 !Silty clay, clay:CH 1A-7 1 100 199-100:98-100170-95 1 50-1001 30-70 Bonneau: BoA, BoB ---------- 10-22 jLoamy sand ------ ISM 1A-2 1 100 1 100 150-80 113-35 1 --- 1 NP 122-50 !Sandy loam, 1SC, SM-Sc :A-2, A-6, I loo 1 100 160-90 130-50 21-37 1 4-14 1 1 sandy clay 1 1 A-4 I I I I I loam. I I I I 150-74 !Sandy loam, :CL, SC, !A-4, A-6 1 100 1 100 @60-95 :36-60 1 20-4o 4-18 I sandy clay I SM-SC, I loam, sandy CL-ML I clay. Borrow pits: Bp. Byars: By ---------------- 10-16 !Loam ------------ IML, CL-ML :A-4 1 100 1 100 170-95 151-8o 1 <30 1 NP-7 I I I i I I i I I i 116-64 :Clay, sandy clay!CH, CL :A-7 1 100 1 100 190-100175-95 1 41-75 1 17-42 I Cainhoy: I CaB --------------- 10-81 !Fine sand ------- 1SP-SM, SP :A-3 1 100 1 100 180-100: 3-10 1 --- 1 NP I I I I I Capers: I I I I I 1CP --------------- 10-10 !Loam, silty clay!MH !A-7-5 1 100 1 100 180-100170-1001 50-80 1 15-40 1 loam. I i i I i I I I 10-80 !Clay, silty clay:MH, CH !A-7-5 1 100 1 100 :85-100175-1001 60-80 1 18-40 I I I I I I I I Caroline: I I I I i I I I i CoA, CoB ---------- 10-16 :Fine sandy loam ISM, SM-SC !A-2, A-4 1 100 195-100175-95 125-40 1 <30 I NP-7 116-55 !Clay, sandy clay@CL, CHp ML:A-6, A-7 1 100 195-100180-90 :51-75 1 30-55 1 11-30 155-82 !Sandy clay loam,!SM-SC, SC !A-4, A-6 1 100 195-100185-95 136-50 1 16-35 1 4-16 I I sandy loam. I Chastain: I 1CS --------------- 10-7 !Silty clay loam 1ML, CL, !A-4, A-6 1 100 1 100 190-100170-95 1 41-75 1 15-40 I 1 1 CL-ML, MHI I i i I I I 17-51 !Silty clay loam,!CL, CH, :A-6, A-7 1 100 1 100 :90-100:70-90 1 30-78 1 11-42 I silty clay, 1 ML, MH clay. Chipley: lCt: Chipley part ----- 10-4 :Fine sand ------- :SP-SM !A-3, A-2-4: 100 100 180-iool 6-12 1 --- I NP 14-80 !Sand, fine sand :SP-SM :A-3, A-2-4: 100 1 100 180-1001 6-12 1 --- I NP See footnote at end of table. 84 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 11-ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS--Continued i i Classification Percentage passing Plas- Soil name and Depth USDA texture 1 i sieve number-- !Liquid ticity map symbol Unified 1 AASHTO 4 1 10 1 40 i 200 1 limit index In Pct Chipley: Echaw part -------1 0-5 Moamy sand ------ :Sm :A-2 100 100 k5-80 :15-35 NP 1 5-40 :Loamy sand, :Sm :A-2 100 100 50-75 15-30 NP loamy fine sand, fine sand. 40-50 :Fine sand, loamy:sm, SP-sm :A-2, A-3 100 100 :50-70 5-20 NP sand, loamy fine sand. 1 50-65 :Loamy sand, ism, SP-SM :A-2, A-3 100 100 :50-75 5-30 NP i loamy fine sand, fine sand. Coxville: Cu -----------------1 0-8 !Fine sandy loam :SM, ML, 1A-4 100 1100 185-97 :40-60 <40 NP-7 sm-SC, CL-ML. 8-69 :Clay loam, sandy:CL, CH !A-6, A-7 1 100 1100 :90-98 :53-80 30-55 15-35 clay, clay. Craven: CvA, CvB -----------1 0-7 !Loam ------------ jML, CL-ML jA-4 1 100 1100 175-100;51-70 1 <25 1 NP-7 1 7-55 !Clay, silty 1CH, MH :A-7 1 100 100 :90-100170-95 1 51-80 18-42 clay, silty clay loam. 55-78 :Clay, sandy clay:CH, CL, SCIA-7, A-6 100 100 :80-100:36-85 30-55 11-35 loam, clay loam, sandy clay. Duplin: DuA, DuB ----------- 0-6 :Fine sandy loam :SM, ML, :A-2, A-4 100 100 167-98 :24-58 <16 NP-7 : sm-SC i 6-80 :Sandy clay, clay:CL, CH :A-6, A-7 100 198-100!8o-loo:51-82 30-54 12-30 loam, clay. Goldsboro: GoA ---------------- 0-14 !Loamy sand ------ ism, SM-SC,!A-2, A-4 :90-100:85-100:50-95 :15-45 <25 NP-8 i i SC i i 1 14-75 !Sandy clay loam,!SM-SC, SC,!A-2, A-4, :98-100:95-100160-95 125-55 1 16-35 1 4-16 sandy loam. CL-ML, CL: A-6 i i i i i i i Lenoir: i i i i i i i i Le ----------------- 0-15 !Fine sandy loam :ML, CL, IA-4 100 100 :85-95 160-85 1 20-35 1-10 i 1 CL-ML i 15-80 !Clay, silty 1CL, CH, !A-6, A-7 100 100 :85-95 :55-95 1 30-75 1 11-42 clay, clay MH loam. Leon: Lo ----------------- 0-15 :Fine sand :SP, SP-SM !A-3, A-2 loo loo 18o-loo: 2-12 1 --- NP 15-33 :Sand, fine sand ism, SP-SM :A-3, A-2 100 100 :80-100: 5-20 1 --- 1 NP 33-58 !Loamy sand, ism :A-2 1 100 100 180-100:13-35 NP i i i i i Lucy: i i LuB ---------------- 1 0-25 !Loamy sand ------ :SM, SP-SM :A-2 1 100 :95-100:50-80 110-30 1 --- NP 25-37 :Sandy loam, :Sm' SC, :A-2, A-4, 1 100 195-100:55-85 115-50 1 <30 NP-15 sandy clay sm-SC 1 A-6 i i i loam. i i 1 37-60 !Sandy loam, 1SC, SM-SC IA@2, A-6, 1 100 195-100:60-95 :20-50 20-40 5-20 i sandy clay i A-4 i loam Lynchburg: i Ly -----------------1 0-12 !Fine sandy loam ism, SM-SC :A-2, A-4, 1 100 1100 :70-100125-50 <30 NP-7 12-65 !Sandy clay loam,!SM-SC, SC,:A-2, A-4, 1 100 1100 :70-100:25-65 15-40 4-18 1 sandy loam, CL, A-6 i i clay loam. CL-ML, Sm i i See footnote at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 85 TABLE 11-ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS--Continued i i Classification Percentage passing Plas- Soil name and Depth USDA texture 1 sieve number-- !Liquid ticity map symbol Unified 1 AASHTO 4 1 10 1 40 200 1 limit index In Pct Meggett: Mg ---------------- 0-7 !Loam ------------ 1CL, CL-ML 1A-4 100 1 100 :90-100151-65 1 <30 1 4-10 1 7-63 :Sandy clay, 1CH, SC, 1A-7 1 100 100 :90-100145-80 1 45-70 1 25-45 clay, clay CL, MH loam. Mp ---------------- 1 0-4 !Clay loam :CL, CH, MH:A-4, A-6, 1 100 100 :90-100151-75 25-58 1 7-32 i 1 A-7 i i 4-63 !Sandy clay, clay:CH, SC, :A-7 loo ioo :go-1oo145-8o 45-70 25-45 1 clay loam. 1 CL, MH Norfolk: NoA, NoB ---------- 0-6 !Loamy sand ------ :SM, SM-SC,jA-2 195-100195-100150-91 115-33 <25 :1NP-7 6-78 !Sandy loam, 1SC, SM-SC,:A-2, A-4, 195-100191-100:70-96 130-55 1 20-45 4-20 sandy clay 1 CL, 1 A-6, A-7 1 i i i loam, clay 1 CL-ML, SMI i loam. Ocilla: Oc ---------------- 1 0-25 :Loamy fine sand 1SM, SP-SM :A-2, A-3 1 100 195-100:75-1001 8-35 1 --- NP 25-72 :Sandy loam, 1SM, CL, SC:A-2, A-4, 1 loo 195-100!8o-loo:30-55 1 <4o NP-18 sandy clay A-6 loam. Pamlico: Pa ---------------- 0-28 !Muck ------------ jPt 28-60 :Loamy sand, 1SM, SP-SM :A-2, A-3 1 100 100 170-95 5-20 1 --- 1 NP sand, loamy fine sand. Pantego: Pe ---------------- 1 0-20 !Fine sandy loam 1SM, SM-SC,:A-2, A-4 1 100 1 100 160-95 125-75 1 <30 1 NP-12 i i : CL, CL-MLI i i i i 1 20-39 ISandy clay loam,!SC, CL, :A-4, A-6, 1 100 195-100:80-loo!30-80 1 25-40 1 4-16 sandy loam, SM A-2 clay loam. 39-65 :Sandy clay, clay!CL, CH, !A-6, A-7 100 :95-100:90-100136-80 1 30-6o 11-30 sandy clay 1 SC, MH loam, clay loam: Pickney: Pk ---------------- 1 0-34 !Loamy fine sand 1SM, SP-SM 1A-2 1 100 1 100 :50-90 110-25 1 --- 1 NP 1 34-80 ;Loamy fine sand,jSP, SP-SM,:A-2, A-3 1 100 1 100 :50-90 3-25 1 NP loamy sand, SM fine sand. Rains: Ra ---------------- 0-12 !Fine sandy loam :SM, SM-SC !A-2, A-4 100 :95-100150-85 :25-50 1 <35 1 NP-7 1 12-45 :Sandy clay loam,!SC, SM-SC,!A-2, A-4, 1 100 198-100:65-98 130-70 1 18-4o 1 4-18 1 clay loam. 1 CL, CL-ML: A-6 i i i i 45-78 :Sandy loam, jSCp SM, MLIA-2, A-4, : loo 195-100165-95 130-60 1 15-40 1 3-18 sandy clay loam: CL 1 A-6 i i sandy clay. Santee: Sa ---------------- 0-14 :Loam ------------ :CL, ML, !A-4, -A-6, 100 1 100 :85-100151-80 20-45 5-18 i 1 CL-ML : A-7 i 14-50 :Sandy clay, clayjCL, CH :A-6, A-7 1 100 100 190-100:75-95 30-60 1 12-35 : loam, clay i i i i i i 1 50-85 !Sandy clay loam,:CL, CH, MLIA-4, A-6, 100 1 100 :90-100:65-95 3o-8o 1 8-48 sandy clay, A-7 clay. See footnotes at end of table. 86 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 11-ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS--Continued i i Classification Percentage passing Plas- Soil nane and 1 Depth I USDA texture sieve number-- !Liquid ticity map symbol Unified AASHTO 1 4 1 10 40 200 1 limit index In Pot Seagate: i Se ----------------- 1 0-7 !Loamy sand @SM, SP-SM 1A-2, A-3 1 100 1 100 190-100: 5-20 NP 7-13 !Loamy fine sand,!SM, SP-SM :A-2 1 100 1 100 190-100:10-25 1 --- NP : loamy sand. i i i i i 13-28 :Fine sand, sand,!SM, SP-SM IA-2 1 100 100 190-1001 5-20 1 --- 1 NP 1 loamy sand. i 1 28-42 !Sandy loam, :SM, SM-SC !A-2, A-4 100 100 :85-100:20-45 1 <30 NP-7 sandy clay loam. 1 42-82 :Clay loam, sandy:CL :A-6, A-7 1 100 1 100 180-100155-95 1 35-50 16-27 clay loam, sandy clay. Tawcaw: 2TA ---------------- 0-6 :Clay loam ------- :CL, CH :A-4, A-6, in 100 185-100:75-95 28-50 8-24 : A-7 i 6-50 !Clay loam, :CL, CH, :A-6, A-7 100 100 :90-100:51-98 3o-65 1 11-33 silty clay ML, MH loam, silty clay 50-70 !Silty clay loam,:SC, SM-SC,:A-4, A-6, 100 100 :90-100140-90 22-45 5-20 1 sandy clay 1 CL-ML, CL: A-7 I loam, loam. Udorthents@ UD ----------------- 1 0-60 :Sandy loam, :GM-GC, GC,!A-2, A-4, :70-90 160-80 150-75 :30-60 20-4o 4-18 sandy clay loam: SM-SC, 1 A-6 sandy clay. SC, CL Wahee: Wa ----------------- 0-5 !Loam ------------ 1ML, CL-ML IA-4 loo loo :go-98 :51-75 20-35 2-10 5-51 !Clay, clay loam,jCL, CH 1A-7 100 1 100 195-100:70-90 41-6o 18-32 1 silty clay. i 1 51-73 !Sandy clay loam,:CL, SC :A-6, A-7 100 100 :90-100136-65 1 30-50 11-25 clay loam, silty clay loam. Witherbee: Wt ----------------- 0-25 :Fine sand ------- :SP-SM :A-3 100 1 100 :80-100: 5-10 NP 25-80 !Fine sand ------- :SP-SM, SP :A-3 1 loo 1 loo 18o-ioo: 3-10 NP 1NP = nonplastic. 2This mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 87 TABLE 12-PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS [Dashes indicate data were not available. The symbol < means less than; > means greater than. The erosion tolerance factor (T) is for the entire profile3 i !Available! Shrink- 1 Risk of corrosion 1 Erosion Wind Soil name and :Depth: Permea- ! water 1 Soil swell :Uncoated 1 1 factors lerodibility map symbol bility :capacity :reaction :potential steel :Concrete 1 K T 1 index in/hr in/in I)H !Tons/acre/yr Aquic Udifluvents: 1 i I AU ---------------- : 0-5 1 0.6-2.0 :0.16-0.241 7.4-8.4 !High ------ !High ----- Noderate :0.20 5 1 38 1 5-6510.06-0.2 10.15-0.201 7.4-8.4 !High ------ !High ----- !Moderate 10.20 1 i Bayboro: Ba ---------------- 0-101 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20: 4.5-5.5 :Low ------- :High ----- !High ----- 10.28 1 5 56 @10-6010.06-0.2 10.14-0.181 4.5-5.5 !Moderate !High ----- !High ----- @0-32 i Bethera: Be ---------------- 1 0-7 0.6-2.0 10.11-0.161 3.6-5.5 !Low ------- IHigh ----- !High ----- 10.17 1 5 86 1 7-6810.06-0.6 10.14-0.181 3.6-5.5 !Moderate !High ----- !High ----- 10-32 1 :68-9410.o6-2.0 10.12-0.161 3.6-5.5 Noderate !High ----- !High ----- Bohicket: 1BH --------------- 1 0-16:0.06-0.2 :0.14-0.181 6.1-8.4 :High ------ :High ----- !High ----- :0.32 5 0 :16-601 <0.06 10.12-0.161 6.1-8.4 :High ------ !High ----- :High ----- 10.24 1 i Bonneau: BoA, BoB ---------- 0-22: 6.0-20 10.05-0.111 4.5-5.5 !Very low jLow ------ :High ----- 10.17 1 5 134 122-501 0.6-2.0 :0.10-0-15: 4.5-5.5 jLow ------- :Low ------ !High ----- 10.20 150-74: o.6-2.0 :0.10-0.161 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- ILow ------ !High ----- :0.20 Borrow pits: BP ---------------- Byars: By ---------------- 0-16: 0.6-2.0 10.11-0.161 3.6-5.5 !Low ------- :High ----- Nigh ----- :0.17 5 56 :16-64:0.06-0.2 jo.14-o.18: 3.6-5.5 :Moderate !High ----- :High ----- 10-32 Cainhoy: CaB --------------- 1 0-81: 6.0-20 10.05-0.08: 4.5-6.5 !Very low !Low ------ Noderate :0.17 1 5 1 310 Capers: 1CP --------------- 1 0-1010.06-0.2 :0.14-0.181 6.6-7.8 !Very high :High ----- :High ----- 10-32 5 0 110-801 <0.06 10.12-0.181 6.6-7.8 IVery high !High ----- !High ----- 10.28 1 i Caroline: CoA, CoB ---------- 1 0-161 2.0-6.0 :0.12-0.161 5.1-6.5 !Low ------- !High ----- !High ----- :0.43 1 3 1 86 !16-551 0.2-0.6 @0.14-0.i8j 4.5-5.5 !Moderate !High ----- !High ----- 10.43 i 155-821 o.6-2.0 10-15-0-181 4.5-5.5 :Moderate !High ----- !High ----- :0.43 Chastain: 1CS --------------- 0-7 1 0.2-0.6 10.12-0.181 4.5-5.5 !Moderate !High ----- !High ----- 10-32 1 5 1 56 1 7-5110.06-0.2 :0.12-0.161 4.5-5.5 :Moderate jHigh ----- Migh ----- :0.37 i Chipley: lCt: Chipley part -----1 0-4 1 6.0-20 :0.05-0.101 4.5-6.0 :Very low !Low ------ :High ----- 10.15 1 5 1 134 4-80: 6.0-20 10-03-0.08: 4.5-6.0 :Very low :Low ------ Nigh ----- 1 --- 1 i Echaw part -------1 0-5 1 2.0-6.0 :0.05-0.10: 4.5-6.0 IVery low :Low ------ :High ----- 10.10 5 1 134 : 5-401 2.0-6.0 10-05-0.101 4.5-6.0 :Very low !Low ------ !High ----- 1 --- 140-501 2.0-20 10-03-0.081 4.5-6.0 !Very low !Low ------ !High ----- 1 150-651 >6.o 10-03-0.081 4.5-6.0 !Very low jLow ------ :High ----- Coxville: Cu ---------------- 0-8 1 0.6-2.0 10.12-0.171 4.5-6.0 :Low ------- :High ----- !High ----- :0.24 4 1 56 B-69: 0.2-0.6 10.14-0.181 4.5-5.5 :Moderate :High ----- :High ----- 10.28 1 i Craven: CvA, CvB ---------- 0-7 1 o.6-2.0 :0.12-0.181 4.5-6.0 !Low ------- !High ----- :High ----- :0.32 1 3 1 86 1 7-55: <0.2 10.12-0.15: 4.5-5.5 !Moderate :High ----- !High ----- :0.32 : i 155-781 <0.2 10.12-0.15: 4.5-5.5 !moderate !High ----- !High ----- 10.28 1 i Duplin: DuA, DuB ---------- 1 0-6 1 2.0-6.0 @0-10-0-15: 5.1-7.3 :Low ------- !Moderate Nigh ----- 10-32 1 3 86 1 6-8ol 0.2-0.6 10-13-0-181 4.5-5.5 Noderate !High ----- !High ----- 10.28 1 i Goldsboro: GoA --------------- 1 0-14: 2.0-6.0 :0.08-0.121 4.5-6.0 Mow ------- Noderate Migh ----- 10.17 1 5 1 134 114-75@ 0.6-2.0 @0-11-0.151 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- IModerate @High ----- @0.24 1 See footnote at end of table. 88 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 12-PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued !Available! Shrink- 1 Risk of corrosion Erosion Wind Soil name and :Depth: Permea- : water 1 Soil swell !Uncoated factors :erodibility map symbol bility !capacity Ireaction 1potential 1 steel !Concrete T 1 index 1 In 1 in/hr in/in 1 i)H !Tons/acre/yr Lenoir: Le ---------------- 0-151 0.6-2.0 10.14-0.181 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- :High ----- :High ----- 10.24 5 56 :15-80:0.06-0.2 :0.13-0-151 4.5-5.5 :Moderate !High ----- !High ----- 10.24 1 i Leon: Lo ---------------- 1 0-15: 6.0-20 10-01-0-05: 3.6-5.5 !Very low :High ----- !High ----- :0.15 1 4 134 :15-331 o.6-6.o 10-05-0-10: 3.6-5.5 !Very low :High ----- !High ----- 10.15 :33-58: 0.6-6.0 10.06-0.101 3.6-5.5 !Very low !High ----- !High ----- 10.15 Lucy: LuB --------------- 0-25: >6.0 10.06-0.10: 5.1-5.5 !Low ------- :Low ------ !High ----- 10.20 1 5 1 134 :25-371 2.o-6.o lo.10-o 12: 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- Mow ------ jHigh ----- 10.20 1 i 137-6o! o.6-2.0 10.12-0:14: 4.5-5.5 :Low ------- !Low ------ :High ----- :0.20 Lynchburg: Ly ---------------- 0-12: 2.0-6.0 :0.09-0-13: 3.6-5.5 !Low ------- IHigh ----- :High ----- 10.20 1 4 1 86 112-65: 0.6-2.0 10.12-0.161 3.6-5.5 :Low ------- Migh ----- !High ----- 1 --- 1 Meggett: Mg ---------------- 0-7 0.6-2.0 10-15-0.20: 5.1-7.3 :Low ------- Migh ----- :Low ------ 10-32 1 5 1 86 7-63:0.06-0.2 :0.13-0-18: 6.1-8.4 !High ------ :High ----- jLow ------ 10-32 o-4 :0.2-0.6 :0.15-0.20: 5.6-7.3 !Moderate--:High ----- :Low ------ :0.32 Mp ---------------- 1 4-6310.06-0.2 :0.13-0.18: 6.1-8.4 :High ------ !High ----- !Low ------ 10-32 Norfolk: NoA, NoB ----------- 1 0-6 2.0-6.0 10.06-0.10: 4.5-6.0 !Low ------- !Moderate !High ----- 10.17 1 5 134 1 6-78: 0.6-2.0 :0.10-0-151 4.5-5.5 :Low ------- Moderate :High ----- 10.24 1 Ocilla: Oc ----------------- 0-25: 2.0-20 10.05-0.08: 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- !High ----- !Moderate 10-17 5 134 :25-72: o.6-2.0 :0.09-0.121 4.5-5.5 :Low ------- Migh ----- :Moderate 10.24 1 Pamlico: Pa ----------------- 0-281 0.6-2.0 :0.24-0.261 3.6-4.4 ---------- :High ----- :High ----- 10.15 1 3 0 128-6o: 6.0-20 :0-03-0-W 3.6-5.5 :Low ------- Migh ----- !High ----- 10.10 1 i Pantego: Pe ----------------- 0-20: 2.0-6.0 :0.10-0.20: 3.6-5.5 :Low ------- Moderate :High ----- :0.10 1 5 1 86 :20-391 o.6-2.0 :0.12-0.20: 4.5-5.5 :Low ------- :High ----- :High ----- 10.15 1 :39-65: o.6-2.0 10.15-0.20: 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- Migh ----- !High ----- 1 --- Pickney: Pk ----------------- 0-34: 6.0-20 10-07-0-12: 3.6-5.5 :Very low :High ----- !High ----- 10.10 1 5 1 38 134-8o! 6.0-20 10-03-0-11: 4.5-6.o !Very low !High ----- :High ----- Rains: Ra ----------------- 0-121 2.0-6.0 :0.08-0.12: 4.5-6.5 :Low ------- !High ----- :High ----- 10.17 1 5 86 112-45: 0.6-2.0 10.10-0.15: 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- Migh ----- !High ----- :0.17 1 145-781 0.6-2.0 10.10-0.15: 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- :High ----- :High ----- 10.20 1 i Santee: Sa ----------------- 1 0-14: o.6-2.0 10.15-0.201 5.1-7.3 !Low ------- :High ----- :Moderate :0.28 1 5 1 48 :14-501o.o6-o.2 lo.14-o.18: 5.6-7.8 :Moderate--:High ----- :Low ------ !0.32 150-85:0.06-0.6 10.12-0.161 6.1-8.4 :Moderate--!High ----- !Low ------1 Seagate: Se ----------------- 1 0-7 6.0-20 10.03-O.o6: 3.6-6.0 !Low ------- !High ----- :High ----- 10-17 1 5 86 : 7-131 6.0-20 10.05-0.12: 3.6-6-o :Low ------- Migh ----- !High ----- :0.24 :13-281 2.0-6.0 10-03-0-061 3.6-6.0 !Low ------- !High-----:High ----- 10.17 128-421 0.6-2.0 :0.12-0.201 3.6-6.0 :Low ------- !High ----- jHigh ----- 10.24 1 i 142-821 0.6-2.0 10-15-0.20: 3.6-6.0 :Low ------- Migh ----- !High ----- Tawcaw: 1TA --------------- 0-6 10.06-0.6 :0.12-0.181 4.5-6.5 IModerate--IHigh ----- !High ----- :0.32 5 56 6-50:0.06-0.2 10.12-O.i6l 4.5-6.5 :Moderate--!High ----- !High ----- :0.37 1 5 86 : -70: 0.2-0.6 10.11-0.16: 4.5-6.5 !Low ------- :High ----- :High ----- 50 Udorthents: UD ---------------- 0-601 0.6-6.0 :0.10-0.181 6.6-8.4 :Low ------- jLow ------ !Low--.----:0.28 5 1 86 Wahee: Wa ---------------- 1 0-5 10.2-2.0 10-15-0.201 4.5-5.5 jLow ------- jHigh ----- !High ----- :0.28 5 1 56 : 5-5110.06-0.2 10.12-0.20: 4.5-5.5 !Moderate !High ----- !High ----- :0.32 :51-731 0.2-0,6 :0.12-0.201 4.5-5.5 !Moderate jHigh ----- :High ----- 10.20 1 See footnote at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 89 TABLE 12-PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued i !Available! 1 Shrink- 1 Risk of corrosion-! Erosion Wind Soil name and !Depth! Permea- I water I Soil ! swell !Uncoated 1 factors :erodibility map symbol bility :capacity !reaction 1potential I steel :Concrete K 1 T 1 index in 1 In/hr 1 In/in 1 pH !Ton3/acre/y Witherbee: Wt ---------------- 1 0-251 >20 0.05-0-081 3.6-6.0 !Very low ILow ------ :High ----- :0.10 5 1 86 125-801 6.0-20 0.03-0-081 4.5-6.5 !Very low !Low ------ :High ----- :0.10 lThis mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. 90 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 13-SOIL AND WATER FEATURES (Absence of an entry indicates the feature is not a concern. See text for descriptions of symbols and such terms as "rare," "brief," and "perched." The symbol > means greater than3 !Hydro-: Flooding High water table Soil name and : logic! i i map symbol !group Frequency Duration Months Depthl Kind 1 Months Ft Aquic Udifluvents:j AU ---------------1 D !Common -------- !Long ----------- Dec-Mar 1.0-3.0 !Apparent 1 Dec-Mar Bayboro: Ba ---------------I D :Common -------- jBrief ----------I Dec-Mar 0-1.0 :Apparent Nov-Apr Bethera: Be --------------- D !Common -------- :Brief ---------- Dec-Apr 0-1.5 :Apparent Dec-Apr Bohicket: 1BH -------------- D :Frequent ------ :Very brief ----- Jan-Dec 1 (3)-0 :Apparent Jan-Dec Bonneau: BoA, BoB ---------1 A :None ---------- 1 3.5-5.0 :Apparent Dec-Apr Borrow pits: Bp. Byars: By --------------- D !Common -------- :Brief ----------1 Dec-Mar 0-1.0 :Apparent Nov-Apr Cainhoy: CaB -------------- A !None ---------- >6.o Capers: 2Cp -------------- D :Frequent ------ !Very long ------ Jan-Dec' 1 M-1.0 !Apparent Jan-Dec Caroline: CoA, CoB ---------1 C !None ---------- >6.0 Chastain: 2CS --------------1 D !Common -------- !Very long ------ Dec-Apr 0-1.0 !Apparent 1 Nov-May Chipley: 2Ct: Chipley part ----1 C :None ---------- 2.5-5.0 !Apparent Nov-Apr Echaw part ------ B !None ---------- 2.5-5.0 :Apparent Dec-Apr Coxville: Cu --------------- D !Rare ---------- 0-1.5 !Apparent Nov-Apr Craven: CvA, CvB ---------- C !None ---------- 2.0-3.5 :Apparent Dec-Mar Duplin: DuA, DuB ---------- C @None ---------- 2.0-3.5 !Apparent Dec-Mar Goldsboro: GoA --------------- B 'None ---------- 2.5-3.5 !Apparent Dec-Mar Lenoir: Le ----------------1D !None ---------- 1 1.0-2.5 !Apparent Dec-Mar Leon: Lo ---------------- A/D !None ---------- 0-1.0 !Apparent Nov-Mar Lucy: LuB --------------- A !None ---------- >6.0 Lynchburg: Ly ---------------- B/D !None ---------- 0.5-1.5 !Apparent Nov-Apr Meggett: Mg, Mp ------------ D :Common -------- !Brief ---------- Dec-Mar 0-1.0 !Apparent Jun-Apr Norfolk: NoA, NoB ---------- B :None ---------- >6.o See footnotes at end of table. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 91 TABLE 13-SOIL AND WATER FEATURES--Continued jHydro-: Flooding High water table Soil name and 1 logic! map symbol !group Frequency Duration Months Depthl Kind Months Ft Ocilla: Oc --------------- C !None ---------- 1 1.0-2.5 :Apparent Dec-Apr Pamlico; Pa --------------- D !Frequent ------ !Very long ------1 Nov-Jun (1)_1.0 :Apparent Nov-Jul Pantego: Pe --------------- D :Rare ---------- 1 0-1.0 !Apparent Nov-Apr Pickney: Pk --------------- D !Common -------- !Very long ------1 Dec-Mar i 0-1.0 jApparent Dec-Mar Rains: Ra --------------- 1 B/D !Rare ---------- 1 0-1.0 !Apparent Nov-Apr Santee: Sa --------------- 1 D :Common -------- jLong ----------- 1 Dec-Mar 0-1.0 !Apparent Nov-Apr Seagate: Se --------------- 1 D !None ---------- 1 1.5-2.5 !Apparent Nov-Apr Tawcaw: 1TA -------------- 1 C !Common -------- :Long ----------- 1 Dec-Apr 1.5-2.5 !Apparent Nov-Apr Udorthents: UD --------------- 1 B !None ---------- 1 >6.o i Wahee: Wa --------------- 1 D !None ---------- 1 0.5-1.5 !Apparent Dec-Mar Witherbee: Wt --------------- B !None ---------- 1 0-2.0 !Apparent Nov-Sep lNumerals in parentheses indicate feet above the surface. 2This mapping unit is made up of two or more dominant kinds of soil. See mapping unit description for the composition and behavior of the whole mapping unit. 92 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 14-CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOILS [An asterisk in the first column indicates a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a description of those characteristics of this taxadjunct that are outside the range of the series] Soil name Family or higher taxonomic class Aquic Udifluvents. Bayboro --------- Clayey, mixed, thermic Umbric Paleaquults Bethera Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Paleaquults Bohicket ----------- Fine, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Sulfaquents Bonneau Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Paleudults Byars---------------- Clayey, kaolinitici thermic Umbric Paleaquults Cainhoy ------------ Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments Capers ------------ Fine, mixed) nonacid, thermic Typic Sulfaquents *Caroline---------- Clayey) mixedy thermic Typic Paleudults Chastain -------------- Fine, kaolinitic, acid) thermic Typic Haplaquepts Chipley---------------- Thermic, coated Aquic Quartzipsamments Coxville--------------- Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleaquults Craven----------------- Clayey, mixed, thermic Aquic Hapludults Duplin----------------- Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Aquic Paleudults Echaw - ----- - Sandy, siliceous, thermic Entic Haplohumods Goldsboro ------------ Fine-loamy, siliceous thermic Aquic Paleudults Lenoir----------------- Clayey, mixed, thermic Aerie Paleaquults *Leon------------------ Sandy, siliceous, thermic Aerie Haplaquods Lucy --------- Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Paleudults Lynchburg-------- Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aerie Paleaquults *Meggett ------- Fine, mixed, thermic Typic Albaqualfs Norfolk----------------- Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudults Ocilla ---------- Loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Arenic Paleudults Pamlico ------- ------- Sandy or sandy-skeletal, siliceous, dysic, thermic Terric Medisaprists Pantego------------------ Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Umbric Paleaquults Pickney --------------- Sandy, siliceous, thermic Cumulic Humaquepts *Rains ------------------- Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleaquults Santee ------------ Fine, mixed, thermic Typic Argiaquolls *Seagate ------------- Sandy over loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Haplohmods Tawoaw-------------------- Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts Udorthents. Wahee--------------------- Clayey, mixed, thermic Aerie Ochraquults Witherbee ------------- Sandy siliceous, thermic Entic Haplaquods BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA 93 TABLE 15-TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION DATA1 Temperature Precipitation 2 years in 10 1 Average 1 12 years in 101 Average 1 will have@@ !number of! 1will have-- !number of! Month lAveragelAverage!Average: Maximum 1 Minimum ! growing !Average! Less 1 More !days withlAverage 1 daily 1 daily 1 daily itemperature:temperaturel e 1 1than 1 than 10.10 inch:snowfall than j:g ,;e imaximumlminimumi !higher than'lower 2 or more 1E In 1 1 Ln 1 1 in January--- 1 58.3 1 35.4 1 46.8 1 78.9 1 15.4 1 89.0 1 3.2 1 1.6 1 4.8 6.8 1 o.o February--: 60.4 1 36.7 48.6 79.7 1 16.3 1 91.6 1 3.4 1 2.0 1 4.9 6.6 1 0.6 March -----1 67.3 1 42.9 1 55.1 86.2 24.3 1 209.7 1 3.9 2.3 5.6 6.7 1 0.0 April -----1 75.9 1 51.4 1 63.7 1 go.4 i 32.0 1 413.0 1 2.6 1 1.3 4.0 1 4.7 1 0.0 May ------- 82.5 1 59.6 1 71.0 95.9 42.0 1 652.4 1 3.9 1 2.5 1 5.3 6.4 1 0.0 June ------ 1 87.5 1 66.7 1 77.1 99.2 i 53.1 1 812.9 1 6.5 1 2.8 10.2 1 8.3 1 0.0 July ------ 1 89.8 1 70.4 1 80.1 1 99.1 i 59.9 1 931.2 7.1 1 4.2 1 10.0 1 9.8 0.0 August ---- 89.3 1 69.9 1 79.6 i 98.5 1 59.2 i 916.8 1 6.6 1 3.8 1 9.4 1 8.8 1 o.0 September-! 84.9 1 64.9 74.9 1 95.1 i 48.8 1 743.8 4.1 1 2.3 6.0 6.0 1 0.0 October--- 1 77.6 54.3 1 65.9 91.4 i 32.3 1 494.7 1 2.9 1 0.7 1 5.1 1 4.2 i 0.0 November--! 68.4 42.2 55.3 1 84.7 1 21.0 1 209.2 1 2.0 1 o.8 1 3.1 1 3.5 0.0 December--! 60.7 1 36.6 1 48.6 79.5 17.3 108.9 1 2.8 1 1.7 1 3.9 1 5.9 0.0 Year---- 1 75.4 1 52.8 1 64.1 1 loo.83 12-34 k716 1 47.3 139.1 1 55.6 1 77.8 1 o6 lRecorded at Summerville, Dorchester County, South Carolina, during the period 1949-73, and at Pinopolis Dam, Berkeley County, South Carolina, during the period 1966-73. 2A growing degree day is an index of the amount of heat available for plant growth. Growing degree days accumulate each day in the amount by which the average daily temperature exceeds the temperature below which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (500 F). 3Average annual highest temperature. 4Average annual lowest temperature. 94 SOIL SURVEY TABLE 16-FREEZE DATES IN SPRING AND FALLI Dates for given probability and temperature Probability i 1 240 F 1 280 F 320 F or lower 1 or lower I or lower Last freezing temperature in spring: 1 year in 10 later than-- 1 March 10 1 March 29 April 15 2 years in 10 later than-- 1 March 7 1 March 23 April 11 5 years in 10 1 later than-- 1 February 28 Harch lb April 3 First freezing temperature in fall: 1 year In 10 earlier than--: November 13 1 November 3 1 October 26 2 years in 10 earlier than--! November 21 1 November 4 October 28 5 years in 10 earlier than--! November 21 November 13 November 2 lRecorded at Summrrville, Dorchester County, South Carolina, during the p riod 1949-73, and at Pinopolis Dam, Berkeley County, Ziouth Carolina, during the period 1966-73, US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980-232-406/52 SANTEE 80o100' 33'30' 80-10' elo 4 j j j Pineville 52 45 LAKEMARION 2 St. Stephen 79o5O' 3 E- 3 0 3 6 45 -9 0 33'20' RANCIS 9'40' SAN DL 4 LAKE MOULTRIE Bonnea 10 17A 0 G"-"Po 8 o 1 1.1 0 o 20' J. town 10 3 3 4 7 79 30' MAR N -rk, Creek 7 MO K 10 7 Shule le 4 3 45 4 33'10'- 3 + bo 76 NATIO 'LeftC to TU 4 3 '4@ 0 6 lor 11 4 Huger 26 4 10 C, 3 4 Mount 'o Holly B 3 5 441 1 U 57- 4 4 FORE T 33oO Goose Creek 41 GOAE EEK ES ando 5 4 4, anip Is SOUTH CA N SOUT 0 4 32'50' Each area outlined on this map consists of BER nwom than one kind of soil. The map is thus meont for general planning rather than a basis for decisions on the use of specific tracts. FOREST SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOUTH CAROLINA LAND RESOURCES CONSERVATION COMMISSION SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION CONVENTIONAL AND SPECIAL SOIL LEGEND SYMBOLS LEGEND The first capital letter is the initial one of the soil name. The second letter is lower case for a nar- rowly defined unit and a capital for a broadly defined unit. 1 / The third letter, if used, is a capital SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR and connotes slope class. Symbols without a slope letter are for nearly level soils, or in some cases for a broadly defined unit. CULTURAL FEATURES SOIL SURVEY SYMBOL NAME BOUND IARIES MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES SOIL DELINEATIONS AND SYMBOLS I National, state or province Farmstead, house ESCARPMENTS AU Aquic Udifluvents (omit in urban areas) Ba Bayboro loam county or parish Church Bedrock Be Bethera loam (points down slope) BH Bohic ket association BOA Bonneau loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes Mnnoj civil division School Other than bedrock .......... B 0B Bonneau loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes Indian (points down slope) Bp 8 rrow pits BY Boars loam Reser@vation (national forest or park, Indian mound (label) M und SHORT STEEP SLOPE ............. state forest or park, CaB Cainhoy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes an large airport) ,Tower CP Capers association Located ob@ect (label) GULLY - COA C roline fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes COB C:roline fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Land grant Gas CS Chastain association, frequently flooded Tank (label) DEPRESSION OR SINK 0 Ct Chipley-Echaw complex Cu Coxville fine sandy loam Limit@of soil survey (label) SOILSAMPLESITE G CvA Craven loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Wells, oil or gas CvB Craven loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Field sheet matchline & neatline (normally not shown) DuA Duplin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Windmill 9 MISCELLANEOUS DuB Dupl in fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes AD HOC BOUNDARY (label) GOA Goldsboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes Kitchen midden - Blowout Le Lenoir fine sandy loam Small airport, airfield, park, oilfield, 0:-L-Ooo L'NO LO Leon fine sand cemetery, or flood pool Clay spot LuB Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes STATE COORDINATE TICK Ly Lynchburg fine sandy loam Gravelly spot J*. Mg Meggett loam Mp Meggett clay loam LAND DIVISION CORNERS L -L + -,-L- (sections and land grants) WATER FEATURES Gumbo, slick or scabby spot (soclic) 0 NoA Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ROADS, NOS Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes Dumps and other sinnikar OC Ocilla loamy fine sand Divided (median shown DRAINAGE non soil areas if Icale permits) Prominent hill or peak Pa Pamlico mucK Pe Pantego fine sandy loarn Otheeroads Perennial, double line Pk Pickney loamy fine sand Rock outcrop Ra Rains fine sandy loam Trail Perennial, single line (includes sandstone and shale) Sa Santee loam Saline spot + Se Seagate loamy sand ROAD E,MBLEM & DESIGNATIONS Intermittent TA Tawcaw association, frequently flooded I nterstate Drainage end Sandy spot UD Udorthents Severely eroded spot Wa Wahee loam Federal Canals or ditches Wt Witherbee fine sand Slide or slip (tips point upslope) State Double-line (label) CANAL I/ Delineations generally are much larger and the composition of the unit is apt to be more variable than for others in the survey area. Mapping has been controlled well enough, however, for the Stony spot, very stony spot 0 co anticipated uses of the soils. Counj Iy, farm or ranch [112931 Drainage and/or irrigation - . - Borrow pits (less than 4 acres) RAILR @AD I I LAKES, PONDS AND RESERVOIRS POWER RANSMISSION LINE --------------- Perennial ,lly not shown) (no @a C w) PIPE LINE 7 (nornlally not shown) Intermittent in FENCE (nor ally not shown) MISCELLANEOUS WATER FEATURES LEVEE Witho road Marsh or swamp 4L& Spring 0- Wi:h 0oad Well, artesian Wi h @,ailroacl It I Well, irrigation <>- DAMS Large (to scale) Wet spot Medium or small PITS Gravel pit Mine @r quarry 80' 00' 33030' CO N, Pi i2 0, 3t. Step n '50' MOO scb@(D(Dg 6 45 co B 40 u SA 52 '3AEmO?r On, TRIO &D(D(D9 30 -8-0@29' 311 0 6 en '15) Ql@ 90 MAO A4 00 4 X/ k 176 TI AL key N lar Huger coop, rb%009 7a 26 7162::@ 7 7 N un (0 Ily x1m Island ------ S (Do 79 gnseq, dDow as 33,00, D e cc 0 9 1@z z e CREEK ando t, shoot 96 sheet 99 I rI V-,@kKULIIWA TNU. This map is compiled on 1976 aerial photography by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperatung agencies. Coordinate grid ticks and land division corners, if shown, are approximately positioned. I(Joins inset, sheet 20) 1610 000 FEET G) CL 7 0 > M M M 0 0 > :< 0 0 > M M a:) M 0 M 600 000 FEET (Joins sheet 2) 1 Y4 Y4 0 1 Mile 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 5 000 Feet z Scale -1: 20000 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 2 N 0 0 TA 0 0 Wood Lake 0 0 04 TA 71 0 m u cn 0 0 0 0 -Ai 0 TA IN, 2 290 000 FEET (Joins sheet 6) This map is compiled on 1976 aerial photography by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperating agencies. Coordinate grid ticks and land division corneis, f shown, are approximately positioned. (Joins sheet 2) C,10 000 FEET A ft > t Zi@ -4k "'0 0 4S Nr IX -j OD 71 > rn r- rrl 0 Cn 0 C: -4 0 7- Cn (Joins sheet 7) 590 000 FEET a: 171-1 1-1-1 )> > z CD 71 0 0 580 000 FEET - 4i@n 600 000 FEET Y4 Y2 Y4 0 1 Mile 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 5 000 Feet z Scale -1: 20000 G BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTHI CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 4. N u- 0 V@Nbo UD 0 0 0 0 0 UD NZ Bp 0 0 0 LAKE 0 o 0 MARION .0 -0 0 (o @-@ oc oc qon BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 5 2 265 000 FEET Gaillard Island TA TA We C Wa CVB We Mg. X Wa VB Be Cv C A Wa Al. TA t CvB w cvo MP CvB Be Wa M g W CVB CVB p CvA c 0 Wa Wa W vq Mp 'oA CvB water CV8 a 'VB Mg CvB E Be C@'B We We Mp CvA Be M p Be W a I M n COB B e CvB CvB W a 1 Mp Wa COB < 7 rcvB DuA We CV8 DuB COB DuA NoB Be VB Mg % CvB Be DuA Du B e CVA, 4 Du 'COB* CoA B L e 0 Wa -B D A, Vv c Wa C COB 0 Wl@ L B 8 CoA C.B 1'-'@-v ? wef--@ 'I f C C@A CO3 '--c V B Mg COB Mg CVB Mg CvA DuA Cu Be ate Ly Ba Ly Cu Cu Le 1\103 N 0 a We oc 0 a C u B, B Ra c GoA & GOA Q, G f cu 30.3 ur"A Ly L eI 30A @ * lr@l NoA NcS B p u 0 c 0 c 0, oA u C. AI! DuA N- BOA bij % I L \ N I I DUP, BOB 9 G.@ C. tu 4\ R013 0, NoA BY N B 0 c BOA sop GO" GOA By Cu DuA C u GOA Cu Ra Pe NOB G c Le Le Le e NoB C)c 0 BoA C-u Mg L Cu cu oc Cu Oc Bo oA BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 6 (D (Joins sheet 2) 1 1 1 N 7@ n TA T A john-1; @Wa CVB :f-1 u- COB CvB 0 COB 0 0 W a P e CvA CoA COB COB CvA COB CvA L e Cu DuA Mg Cu Le DuA Le DUB DuA e CvA oB Be Cu By CVB Wa N GOA 0 COB Be DuA Z DuA CvA CvB CvB CvA VB M By Cu CvA B OB > 0 0 f) uultj 1), 0 0 DUA CoA Pe BOB 0 NOB DUB 0 NoA co COB 0 DuA COB 41 NoA NOA R a 41 V Le Be NoB y CvB CVA (n 0 0 DuA GOA GoA NaA Le 0 Ir Ba Re GOA* CVB, CvA %_-, Le NoA GOA Le NoA Cu C BOA NoB Cu 0 NoA 0 0 NoA Be Q) DuA Cu C Le 30, a GOA B B Le 0 0 M o Margale GOA GOA swamp DUB NoA Pe NoB NoA Ly GOA Le GOA NoA 0 0 0 Le Cu NoA Ra Le a BOB GOA Ra Ra DuA NoB c DUB Pe Cu Cu 0 'y N GOA R a Pk +E t5p Ra GOA NoA oA' Pe 8P 0 BoB NoA NOA a Nots y Ra Cu Le Pineville Ra RioB 808 NoB Le Cu 0 -y Oc Ra NOA GOA Di C Oc N Ra e Le r@A ... :@ 4, Cu e 0 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 7 I (Joins sheet 3) TA TA cr@tvl Pe a S a Pk BOB TA NoB pe 0 0 2p - BOA BOB BOB NoA VB DUB Pe Flk OB NoA BOB NoA R a J BOB 0 0 Cats t Be \lW ... COB CrePA- -)Co BOB rPe- C v C B POB LuB G oA BOA BOB Ly Boil. COB BOA BOA Ly 7 - GOA Pe Pk BOA BOB NC3 LuB BOB BOB N 0.4 NOB Pe GOA BOA II-N . . ................. [B A@l Cu I/f I N@A ROB BOA Pe 501i GOA Ly NoB Cu Pe B \1 oB GoA B,,,A 'o % 0 A B03 0 BOA NnA `lcu@ BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTF CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 8 (D (Joins sheet 4) N 0 0 0 NoB BOB DuA DuA Oc NoA Oc Ly Oc GOA DuA BOA B GOA DuA NoA BOB Oc Le LAKE 60 (?R MARION 0 0 0 0 0 71 Oc U) 0 R a C@) Oc 0 Ra 0 0 0 c N@ I a 0 C:: NoB Oc Oc Oc Oc 0 6 (@@ 0 lp @@r w c BOA mg BOB BOB G m 0 w 0 w Oc COB Oc BOB 9 NoB GOA Oc NoB w NoB R 0 r- DuB Oc L I M g LuB Dc DUB- BOB 4, R@R I*G808 BOB c@ water 8 Oc k NoB Oc BOB Oc mg BOB Ly LuB 9 GOA lu BOB 03 BOB Oc BOB GOA Bo Oc 0- mg Ra -0 Oc BOB oA 9 BOB BOB Oc @lj 0 a 0@ R @j NP BOB G @@@ Mg BOB D Oc BOB w 0- DuS m t$OB Oc DuA GOA v I Le. BOB lk BOB j B NoB GOA GOA Ra BOB Le mg N Z1130B Oc Le (Joins sheet 14) O@ NOB BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 9 12 265 000 FEET NqB I I INOB AL L cil U c Le Go Mg cu R cu Ly Qcl- I No- Nob , I I I cu 'oA cu By GOA cu G Oc BOA BoA Mg F3-j I t e NoB p, a BOB Ra GOA L DuA Oc a LY Oc Pe Pe oA Ly Ra Cu Le Le Ra cl Pef Pe NoB Boe Ra Pe Ra Ly Pe Ly CL: Cu Cu Ly Mg Oc Ly Ok, I.- &I. BOA BOB g Wa 'bill LID y BO '10 dijj,,@ ICU,, Ly " i I ,,,,L Pe Du N" Ly Mg So Wa Cu -Y Ly R 8Go@ BOR -7 lk, DuA Ra DUB 3 A Pe Ly 1-\ By A P Le GOA Ly Oc Ly NoB 4 GOA 0 )UB Nil oB GOA tf Pe Pe No j L Ly z BOB 0) Pe 0 GOA DUB L 0 0 v Le Cu GOA BOB R GOA GOA 8 DU GOA BOB Pe Ra mg f BOB Pe Ra < BOB R. z Cu L BOB Ly BOA GoA sa DuA c A g GOA M 9 e NoB \Y GOA __,) Ra @v - 1) GOA L;oon cu \I, Swamp ag k BOA Lo c Ra NoA M., A Ly SO GOA BOB _9 NoB 1@ ly Pa G NoB c GOA NOB) '@--\NOA BOB Ra k s 803 L Ly Mg GOA Go Le GOA C) -S@0-, 'y 0 Z Ly GOA Mg B. Mg BOB DuB 0 Mg u S M a 0 GOA 0 sa MO DUB DuA Ly Pe BOA se Oc GOA Ly Go \ d Le "A Xu U 0 GOA DuA GOA nd R a 0)j BOA GOA Mg Ra R Mg Le B Mg -OB re A VG o Le @-@7 J Vu 7@ L (R Mg r----\ L, BOB IU \ Ly \N Oc Mg Ra GOA- -0 GOA IoA Oc Ly GOA GOP,# - DuB z U GOA Ra y 08 Mg GOA Ra By GOA Ra Ly Lo R 0 c L e MOB Ly 1 -1 GOA Ra GOA Ly F7O8 0 GOA G cu GOA GOA P se M g Ly Ly /B o "B'@ GOA No. GOA 17 rj @ DUB 1@ U Ly R a Ly M g /N A A ME r. N-- AI o mg Go U o A I Oc BOB Ra @OA \--@j oA I Pe GOA No 0 Le Mg )rGOA 9 Cu Pe GOA Cu Ly GOA Ly GOA Ly Z Ly CAI GOA GOA Ly GOA Ra e BOA L v,,e@,,C U -P BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 10 (Joins sheet 6) 1 1 GOA I N a e Cu Le GOA NoA \-9GOA oA NOA' cu Oc NoB cu Oc Pe C, GOA NOA Ly oc Ra oA Le No LJUA NoB' Ly Ly NoA NoB Le Pk GOA NOA Ra NoA GOA NoA GOA BOA DUA GOA Oc Ly L Pe GOA DuB Oc cu CvA NoA Le GOA Go Le Go GOA c" cu Pe GOA Ra cu LL Oc C B 0 0 NoA u c DuA Le NOA cu NoA cu CvA Le NoA GOA cu R@h e cu GOA L BOA By DuA Ra DuA GOA GOA Le GOA Ly DuA Ly cu NoA UU cu NoA cu Ra < Ra NoA 41 Le Le Ra 0 y 0 GOA cu DuA DuA Ly u u e Ly pe Ly Ly c u GOA C Lj cu Ly GOA NoA Le Ra Le NOA Le Go Le Ly Ly Nom GOA Go L y DUA P. a Ly 1-1 u Ly 0 GOA Ly NoA 0 UD Ly cu 0 tv GOA cu GOA Pe GOA Ra GOA m NoA u Le Ly NOA U) m (40 0 @ GOA ou .0 E L Pe cu c Cu Ly Ly GOA Le 9 cu mg cu Ra NoA 0 0 "Ly cu 0 Le u Ra GOA NoA cu GOA cu 0 0 cu Ly NoA Ra e, NoA mg Pe 0 cu Le Le 0 Pe Pe LAKE MOULTRIE 12 290 000 FEET (Joins sheef 76) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 11 1 2315000 FEET I I I Pe Bo7-@ Ra @ BOB NoB p " NoB BOB GOA A pe COB Wa BOA Pe c @B 'B NoA GOA Pe N NoA oA NoA k 0 Cui GOA p e COD P e NoA GOA Ly BOA (R ). BOA B- GOA '\BOA I Pe NoA cu cu Oc NoA Pe lp, Ly Cu BOA I NoA BOB w < 45 A GOA 0 BOA ioA Pe a Ra GOA cu NOA Ly @.A Ly NoA loA BOA BOA I GOA 0 GOA i CD R; GOA y o 'QU L o GOA BUB 1\1 A Go Ra BoA@ Ra py GOA Ly 0 Ra 'q BOA Ra By S., Ly Ra NoA Ly GOA L Bell z Oc No Be e Ly Ra oA oA GOA Ra Ly Ly cr '9E L o < - Ra GOA u 41 y G 0 ja Ly LY z nLl Ly D 11". NOA \Pa I ST STL;P-H@K Ra 0 Ly Ln g GOA Pe GOA Q, GOA >- @ + a N GOA Cu 1@y =@ Z ell Ly aA Ra Z) G@s GOA 0 By BOA@ R, Pe R a Z Ra Ly Ra Lij GOA m 0, 2- Go LLJ '9 0 GOA Russe ville Ra Pe Ly cu Ly (9 Ra ui mg CO Ly L Ly Ly Pe r I /t@- %@' ) I Ra GOA Ra DoA R- '--@ -..' '\ - s-1 GOA 'C A (\N @@G.A , GOA GOA fG.1 :@ A Go Ly GOA GOA * L GOA Ly R, y (L Cu (G cA)) L/ Pe GOA GOA Ly L Ly @-R a Go GOA GOA Ly Ly Pe Ra GOA icu NoA BOB SO G 0 GOA BOA BOA V, R a Ly & N' oA L Pa Cu Ra \,,GOA I;oA GOA oA 35 A GOA a c B ?Ly Ly N, y txk@ Ly r-A )GOA GOA rN @Ly Cu GOA Ly @R@a BOA GOA pe; L BOA i Ly L GOA Go: W\ '@oA Oc Go pe: Ra Ra GOA oA GOA GOA NoA y cc N Ly @ @_ NoA L GOA Ly @ __'R a L BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 12 I(Joins insetsheet 3) 1 N TA u- 0 0 0 TA CS CaB CaS P e. e Mattassee TA BOA Pe COB Le Lake Ly Ra DuA C 0 'B SO COB 0 Le BOB GOA mg WILLIAMS,&(@& COB El - 71 Ly Bo e COB SAN BOA oB COB C) U) w BOB Be BOA Be c uA Le We e AQ, oB Lc Pe .o :a BOA mg TA Be Le BOA L DuA N GOB DuB BOA BOA GOA Be DuB 0 o COB R a NoA GOA CvA Be DuA DuA @c COB B e BOA RANCI MARION o octor BOA 0 ond Be o GOA Ly Ly Ra Ra DuA CoA Be CvA BOB We o BOA @o BOA CvA o BOA Pk GOA GOA COB BOA NATI S NoA CaB a R a B e M g M g Wa Pe Ly Ly BoA Bra 'c CaS oA < t Pe Ly Le mg Oc Ly NoA Le BOA CvA GOA Le Be Pe m mg BOA Ly Pe 12 340 000 FEET (Joins sheet 18) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 13 35 000 FEET 2 230 000 FEET oc 0 ED LAKE z 8 < MARION 0 &:j = g '@ 0 < U :r 21 0 (n z U 0 LLj _J LLJ C) LLJ I/ co" I lXj r 0@ BOB L oc BOB BOB 0c BOB cu BA mg DuA Le BOB B Ly mg "u --BOB mg oc Le cu CvA Ra Bo GO Oc Pe I DuB 01, m. 'N . . I OF r jLe NoF BOB B. D A 'Mg @ko I L@@ t114 g 6o C 0.) D BOB N -B@ DB OnNOB UB Ll N.B D L y ' , _J@ --BOB 45 cu oc ok- 1\103 G A * c u GOA 303 03 c) I @17B 11, DuB BOB C c @Yc t - , i, (L K BOB 0 BOB (Joins upper right) 2 240 000 FEE Tr BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 14 (Joins sheet 8) @v I c 0 Oc u, Oc N m oc BOB NoB Oc NoB Ag Oc NoB Le OB BOB GOA BOB mg - mg GOA 9 w + 0( D G@A OA NoB Mg 0 GOA m OA BOB .0 Oc BOB UU0 NoB 0 NoB @'GoA GOA No NoB GWk 0 1Tj 41 0 BOA DuB NoR GOA Ly NoB GOA Le GOA mg NoB oc Le ou 9@ GOA ':@qGoA w 08 -i BOA GOA NOS GOA GOA B B NoB 9 u IoA GOA NoA NoB Oc GOA OA NoB GOA NoB Oc Ly 41 m *Le NoA Nos G ):A::@ Oc DuA NoA 0 Ly Oc * Le -y NOA Le GOA BOA NoA Ra c DuA Ly .8 Oc cu Q ZL NOS Du \1' Le Ly GOA 0 Oc NoA NoA cu NoA NoA GOA Ly 0 . p 0 A 0 0 u r@a Ly Oc 0 0 Le BOA cu Lv 71 GOA GOA 2 m Ly m u GOA u GOA L Ly z 0 Le Ly Le oB p Ly \pNoA GOA J Le By By R a \jJ-J Ly' NoA 0 GOA Ly GOA Le GOA GOA 0 Ra' Ra .0 GOA GOA Le GOA Le Ly -k cu Ly Le GOA Ly CD Le GOA No Ly No@ LY P. a GOA Le Le cu No cu 1@0 Le Ly 91 LY 0 Pe 0 0 cu Ly Pe (6G.A f Ly cu Pe y Le GOA GOA cu 0 Pe Ra u 0 Le Ly 0 By cu G A Ly Le Ly B e cu Ly e cu Ly Le NoB Le By Le GOA Ra GOA By GOA By GOA Skelton OA Re GOA By cu Ly By Bay iOA Ly By Ly GOA R. Le Le Ly RaI R, Ra \j"v %,,By Ly cu GOA cu Ly L Ra 0 12 240 000 FEET (Joins sheet 2 1) ) I qk GOA QjG.AA 10 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 15 265 000 FEET R GoA Uo A @-@G cl@@/ Ra r P cu LY BOA LY OB GOA Ly c By Ly Ly JL@ Ly 0 NOB Ba C"-@ - cu GOA cu Go GOA Oc cu cu Le GO Nos NoB Le BOB cu Ly cu Ly GoA Ly Ly Pe BOB Oc U N A Pe 0 Ly Pe GaA Le B GOA GOA B013 GOA Le By GOA cu BOB N oA < c 0 Bo NoB BOA NoA _', ) /-@-B ) BOB L.A) Ei @-'/ BOB Oc cu le oA Ly Oc Ly * * BOB Oc cl) GOA \ \ < Lr) cl Ly NoB GOA Oc 0 BOB BOB By BOA NoA Ly 808 z GOA GOA BOB < e OB Ly By z A @y) Sa NoA -4 UOA x f N Oc 0 /Ly < u GOA 0 GoA GOA Wa B @oB m DuB Ly 0 V) L) 's a DUB Le BOB mg F- z -. ; c GOA Z) - mg 0 S @% Ra Oc > Oc NoB w 0 NoB 0 Oc LL' j LLJ Bp 0 Ra A Cu 0 DUB cu w Le \Ll 41 LL, 0 m < 00 BOB 0 Oc 9 M 0 0 Ly * 6 0 C@@ 0c BOB M2 z -R r4 C Jr(*- Oc F),,R mg U oc oc I G::@-y (/ / - c YD oc e U) 1,C 0 LO 0Oc Oc Oc Oc Lu Bo Oc 0, 0 0 .Lo BOB BOB oc Oc BOB BOB Q-A @-Mg " Lo mg Oc BOB 0 Ab -5c "/Oc B-VBG.A )Oc <0 r'0c oc Oc BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 16 (Joins sheet 10) N 0 0 Oc 0 0 ,n GoA L Ly Ra 0 r Ly 0 0 0 0 0 LAKE .110'@! 71 u MOULTRIE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1) 0 0 -t 0 0 2 290 000 FEET (Joins sheet 23) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 17 Ra. J2 315000 FEET G;-,A v g Go<@@\ (3oA NoA c 0 C"'A c \'e e u cu GOA R a NoA I GOA B GOA NoS --- --- *,4 Oc y LY Ly Boo NoA Ra - L% GOA N o A<@ By NoA BOA NoA Ly GOA Ly m G -A@ G) cu Ra r7,)A NoA 9 G A Z I R OA) Raj @.A /0 Ra Ra NoA BOB BOA GOA BOA Pe GOA Pe cu F3-511 Boa BOB m BOA By BOB NoA C \ 0 # / GOA BOA A@ D J7) BOA Zic u. c 8 1 N A SoA '/Z Be GOA DA 808 GOA G GOA L L y By Ly @y 0 Ly GOA G,) A ly --I ANCII `\@MAR., G A NoA BOA M g a C u GOA m 9 L y 56) BOA L y BOA water UOA 'y NoA A GOA cu 0 mg NOA mg GOA Ly Ra @GOA G A @G'o A@' Ly 0 N 10 fF 1\ GOA Go BuA BOB GcA Ra fIcA BOA B.A CLI NoA G uA GOA NoA tv- - BOA Ly N LY NoA cu Ka, INCB BOA < Ra R a GOA Mg NoA GOA (11) Wil BOB 41 e Ly NOA Ly GOA Ra y GOA Ra cl Ly . . .. ... BuB Go- NoB mg -c Go BO GOA GOA cu Se Pe A G OA OS LY C G A Ly N o DUP t. A pe C Ll GOA DuB B os Go, u I oA Ly- A 0 1-/ O@J -1 No I -A BOA, Ra- D AV u 7NoA/ DuA BOB GOA'-, II 1 11 , ,- I I Mg a Pe u @c < Le Ra o 0 mg C u GOA GOA ly", N r)A L BOA GOA ? Ra CoA Pe cu DuA oA -e Le Ba NoA Ra Le (D4 A., GuA Ra '4: 0 DuA v BOB Ly NOA G-. A cu GOA Ra cA G (Be DuA GOA Le @NoA OA) A DuA -4r G.@A - ;I e-- j@ -.' I , - 1'@ ) /@p - Pe mg GOA @s A I f!) "! @\ I : , % --l .1 , I '. 0 1 1 N I I I UuA I '/J N I I I.J JGoA D A , I- \-@\\ ;n) ( c- No DA @,N @l Le @)N.A Pe f UuA NOA .............. c mg, :@@Le Ra. N A NOA 1 0 mg \qoA Ra DuB L; Bo. @3 BOB Ly N A@6@ mg N, o 3 DuB --7N:u:B NoB L P e BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 18 (Joins sheet 12) 1 1 mg Ly Pe oc Ly oA NoA GOA Be mg COB N Le CvA e Pe Le Oc BOA mg le, mg NoA mg Le DuA Ct BOA /o,v\ By C Be Le Le Be ... Oc Ly NoA Be Le Le Ly 0 Be 0 Be BOA 0 mg BOA BOA mg EE Le Le Be CV8 Ra Be Be Be Be Be GOA Be DuA Le BOA Le Wa mg DuB Ly We Le We Ra CvA mg FRANCIS MARION NATIO L F E NoA Le -c BOA DuA Be BOA DuA Le .5 Be 0 Wa 0 Ly CoA 0 0 Be 1 0 N Bp a Le NoA 0 GOA DuA m 8 e Pe u B e 0 :Arl- Le Wa GOA wa.. Le Pe mg Re GOA < Le 0 GOA Wa z Pe 0 DuA Le COA 0 -OA.., 04 Ly I Pe W. Be Be CaB Du3 .0 CvA VW@Va Wa B Ra Pe B B e Ly Le oA CoA or Le Le Be NoA mg Le Pe a 8 f 0 0 Pe 0 DuA Le Du Ly 0 Be BOA Ra Le Le mg Le Ly Re CvA CVA Le Ly Le R Be Wa DuA rl 261 Wa mg E Le Wa F40@ a Le :e 8-01 rr;lwa mg 2 340 000 FEET (Joins sheet 25) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 19 000 FEET I I TA COB TA 0 m Ly M 0 DuB TA Ly COB TA F ANI@@ MARION L mg CVB DuB NoB D -:-; Be mg CVB m TA 0 9 OB C B CvB Ile TA CvB m COB CvA CvA DuB NATIONAL DuA REST 1) CS Le CVB Wa CvB mg CvA DuB Cv CVB g COB 0' cl, r COF IN oA Sa BOB CvA Le v TA Be Le\ mg uA Le CVB c S (Joins s cet 2 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 20 N Ly GOA c GoA By Ly z LL 0 < 0 0 2 264 000 FEET (0 Ly 7 13'J GOA Ly GoA Le TA cu Ly Ly 'ODON Se ZI Ly By GOA e, GOA cu Se GOA 0 T 0 A By OA Ly 0 0 C u 0 L y Ly G 04 Gaillard Island m u TA (n 0 0 m OA cu z 0 e 0 GOA 0 TA 0 Ra X Ly 0 0 mg Se GOA NoB 0 Le 12 259 000 FEET (Joins sheet L e T 0 0 f L e 0 mg Ly Le cu GOA Ra Go GOA Ly 4oA 3p F591 Se Oc mg Ly cu 00 Se )2 220 000 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 21 2 240 000 FEET I I (Joins sheet xy G y y P R a AT Bv L y" 0 y L v c(l Ra 0C Le GOA ) Ly Ly Se \11 Mg Ly LRa@ L y GOA GoA 41 Ly GOA '@ R a, By 41 GOA By GOA Pe 41 GUSO GOA q, F? a GOA BOB NoB R a(--,% BOA Ir Le < A P e I ,' 0 By k-/ C 0 Le 0 NoB Pe R a .1 _y Cu Se a BOA R a NoB 0 By A Ct Cu By R I BOB Pe r 1-0 Bo v f)\ Pe ev UOA NoB Cu P. LY R a e L Mg Oc Lo Pa UoA OC uA By V li L y A+ t@oA Jackson uc Le G Cu Pe Ra Cu Le By P Pe 0C By Ly )Cu Pe Camp By (-OA B A BOB q, q, GOA 9 Ct Cu Ly Cu Buy ILI uc Ly Pe Se GOA B oA R a G o By GOA O<@ ya Pe R. BOA a Oc ___l Oc Le GOA Se Se Mg UoA Lo Se Z 2 Cu BY BY Oc Cu Ra Pe . S@_/ Se Oc Se L e, Lv Ra IGOA Ly BOA Lo Pe 7 Le GOA GOA Todd Bay Ly 0 D BOB -) Pe Mg Ra GOA BOA Ly Oc Cu Oc Pe 41 Ll GcA BOA By Ra GOA ij Ra Ly GOA Cu Ra oA Ly Ly Oc Cu Le BOA P Iluzzard Bau By Ly P. Se rl oc Lo Cu ("'@G.A U-:-j I ) r__l)' <Pel U RIt Ra R Pk Lo OCI,@ LYr_@ l_U L y R a GOA y Cc e 0 BOA Ly Oc \C t@ Ra Ly M (R. R a GOA Se C t -BDA NoA Se L c) Lo L (,, , R aR a Se Cu L r GOA C'_ Se u Pe GOA Pe GOA L Ly v y Pe Ra q, 0-- GOA Ly N.M,@X S@ -IV Oc Pe 0 A GoA oA Pe Mg Ra GOA\ Le z-\GoA oA C 0C C li "@@-10 '\\R a@ t rl@QLyt W. Cu 0 Mg C Ly BOA I Mg Cu BOA U/ \lslaiid Sa N,@A Go A Ra Bly Lv r Re GOA Go oA Acu Pe P. L-@) 0 Pe GOA e Sj - --- P Se (Joins sheet BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUT14 CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 22 (Joins sheet 15) 2 285 000 FEET N 0 c 0 0 LAKE 0 0 0 0 m UL TRIE 0 0 cf) 0 12 .0 ig NZ 15 0 0 0 0 0 2 255 000 FEET (Joins sheet 3 7) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 23 2 290 000 FEET BOA Pe GOA Bo Ra 4 p c LAKE Ra a MO UL TRIE N Zi E BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUT I CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 24 (Joins sheet 17) DuA, Le I I I Pe, mg NoA mg Le NoA N BOB A) M g NOS DuB Pe Le NoB BOA Le uB qoA Ra GOA DUB NOA It, Ra ly DUB ' * @B @.A GOA lp Nos oA NoB NoB Le BOB B Oc BOA Ly GOA DUB ID A Cv ,It water BOA DuA mg @-g g U NoB CoA OVA 9 126 BOA cu w GOA 0 0 DuA DUB 0 OVA mg cu NoA CVB OVA Sa cu mg DuA GOA Cu BOB m uB NoB BOA GOA BOA ap NoA mg NoA Ra @e) L y N o GOA 111 -2 6] oA GOA Ly NoA B e Ly OVA -'@GoA DuA mg DUA DuA -C I RANCIS ARIO Le T 0 130@ BOA e Ly cu L;oA OVA Ra Ly mg Ra 0 G % Le z y @ NL 'ly@ CoA e OVA Ly Le mg: GOA 0 th Ly 0 R a B y OVA 01 0 L L e DuA GOA NOA mg DuA GOA L 0 0 y OVA BOA c L e R e / //y 'T@/-K oA OVA 0 DuA 0 DuA Ly Le Ly Ly Be DuA Ly cu Ly GOA 0 Bonneau GOA 0 Le c GOA 0 C-) OVA Sa e We mg GOA 0 Ly Ly Be g GOA 0 DuA mg Ly 't DuA Ly Le Ra Ly ly Bp mp 0 cu DuA C) 0 LAKE DuA Ly Ly Ly D Sa Pe Be GOA MOULTRIE Le Ra DUA GOA BOA Cu Le BOA B ca Le Ly Pe Ra DuA GOA Ly Le 12 315 000 FEFT (Joins sheet 33) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 25 1 2340000FEET mg L Wa -e CvA D Be W a mg Le Be Lij '@Be Le Cv A r Wa oc Be Ly GoA g GoA Wa e Wa oc Le Wa Be Wa Le Oki Ly e CvA Le B Be 2 Wa Ln Be N oc a Wa 0 z Be oc < mg Z Al Wa Wa Be Lo < k Le u ts! FRANCIS MARION @NATIONAL DuA mg J Le Wa Wa Wa We Be mg u e 0 B > c LLJ Be Wa R Be Pe' 0 c Ld 00 DuA 12 n Ll AV DuA /,.-g m/9- DuA Be '71 / / I N Le Wa o'q vqa Be Pe Du oc DuA p DuA Le Be CvA Le Ly Le DuA Wa DuA BoA V'z B e Ly- Ly 0 Le i/ --- Wa Pe Be N mg'@z i /j @@D.A e _. / (/@ I Be Le Le U UG. A\ L c-; L Mg Be @e ly DuA Be BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 26 COB COB CvB mg BOB ICvA Wa (Joins sheet 19) Le 14, 1 N B e@c - @B@ @80 v B M 9 OB S a CaB CvA M g C S DuA DUB Bp B COB L e Le DuA DuA B e @c- B COB GOA Be COB Le CoA Le CS LuB LuB Wa Le DuA B e CoA COB B e 0 In DuA COB DuA L e DuA CoA L e CoA B e 8 e B e NoA CvA BOA N COB L e 0 0 Be DuA DUB Be /M .9 Le BOA Z! COB DuA Le CvB NoA DUB P L GOA Ba DuA B 0 Wa U 0 DuA 0 Y 0 B e W a 0 L e W a B e DuA U uA CoA P a COB P e Sa 0 uuD COB NoA Q FRANCI MARION Le TIONAL DUB Mg 0 Be NoB CoA Wa GOA COB 0 Be Be Be Pa DuA Sa 0 Be DUB DuA Ba NoA Be Le Le Mg DUB 0 0 @T NOS o Be Wa Dam o oA COB Heaver Swamp Be DuA Ly I GOA 0 Be 0 NoA Le I/ Be DuA eI NoA DuA Be CaB BOB Ct Ct Le Be Ba L Le NoA Be B a Be a Se Le Oc Be COB GOA Wa Mg Ly Ba Be GOA Wa 0 Wa GOA 'P oA GOA /-Ly--\ Le Le Le Wa Pk 1 2 360 000 FEET (Joins sheet 35) 1 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 27 o TA. cs TA 6 z < Wa s Z 3i c C' S, CaB rA lu B a BoB HoB 0 NoB Swamp Be I* -P 0 x CIO u BoB t@ Npj, Wa, N @B S.3 Ld -i Be RANCIS MARION Be cs x Le TA- Lij Le CZ3 0 Wa Go 7A @'A Bel A R.A N0 - \--) C.B wt --\) CVB Du/ Be Be L@BP/D.,'*" -6 G Le Be Le Le Le DuA Be Wa CvB Z!o DUA Wa ATIONAL Be R T DuA Ba BoB Be DUA CvB mg II L/ "I g Le U D-B I-qWa CvB Le Be -*l. Ba CB AU DuA DuA Be NoAl@ll Le Wa CvE3(:a N, DuA e, D,@ CoA 6: E e BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 28 N ED 0 mg NoB G Oc mg 0 NoB 0 COB 0 N 0 < GOA GOA 0 I t GOA z M g DUB 0 Ly L e DUB Ly W M g oA 0 NoB 9 oc Du Le DUB Le GOA jz Ly < 0 GOA 0 5 GOA GOA mg DuA mg GOA Cu 0 Ly Le DUB DuA oA NoA 0 0 Cu NoB GOA z NoB I e L e GOA 0 L e oA 0 mg m 9 0 M g Coo GOA NoB Le GoA t- mg DUB NoB 0 & GOA 0 0 mg 0 mg GOA Le e . mg NoB Go m Le GOA Mg DUB mg NoB Se DUB NoB GOA No m Le NoB mg NoB N n.B Bo@ M Bo@/ rG o A\ M- 7B . B\* f 12 195 000 FEET ct, BOA I z (Joins sheet 3 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 29 I (Joins c C u Se Se .000, 509 cu < 3e Ly 0 Oc L C mg Lo R a Ly Ly GOA Se R UoA 41 Ly Lo Se Go cu Ly GOA Ly GOA Ly cu GOA Ly LY cu A Lv Ra Ra C900 mig or Ly Ly 0- 'y 41 1 Ly 'y GOA NoB 'IS- BOB Ra r A GOA R a GOA Se G oA Go Ra.- Ly Ly L Ly Ly GOA L cu GOA Ly Ly c Ly cli 'r Ra GOA . W 0 r L--'; Se Ra mg sl@ Oc z 0 Se -i < Ly M,)4g GDA Z Le ... GOA tj No Se P e GOA GOA y BOAS' e GOA Ly Se L G Ly Pk a BOD Ra GOA GOA Ly (--\ / JQ R a Se LY P mg GOA BOB GOA -rl = \11 Lyi Ly + A D GOA Ly E Ly GOA cu L Ly Ra > cu O@ GOA GOA 0 41 s, Lo NoA NoA Ly GOA ILI 0 Ly Ly J NoA ct BOA < Ly GOA Ra Ra j Ra p 0 c Ra Ra Ly Ly@ B Pe NoA N.A Bp S, GoA-@, 0 c BOA Ra Ll-@ @, t ) \ I @ R a Se 'G. A co )A Lo lic NoA L y A itch Ly C u Ly P k L y 41 Bay R a R a BOA Oc GcA Lo GOA Ly GOA C;7,A cu Le Oc Ra GOA rl -yw '4' NoA TUPEL 0 /N.A?*( -c)A V Ra -ia GOA GOA cu Pe ,-:@BA 11 0 Be Ly GOA GOA Pe r, R . Ra BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 30 (Joins sheet 2 1) G lc@A I I I GoA <. Se Go C U ..GoA GoA P e R a U 0 N ... L. SIL' GoA L y 0 c 0 c Se B@A Se Ly Ly Pe Se, re U LID P e GoA GoA Mg GoA Se By --r ., 0 GoA Ra Oc Pe Oc BoA Oc ct Ly GoA Ra GoA BoA Se 0 Ra 60 Ly Pe GoA U 0 GoA mg 0 Ra GoA Pe Pk 0 ct 0 < Ly NoA R U') 0 0 0 m He (11 Oc Se GoA Pe Pe BoA Ra Cu B Oc fill -Ili It It Se Ly NoA Ra mg GoA GoA GoA BP Se ct Pe 0 c GoA M g B P -- ----- M g GoA 0 c c Lo R a Lo < 01 0 0 GoA ct 0 GoA Se Se NoA Ly Ra ct Le NoA 0 GoA L mg Ra a a L o 3oA GoA R a Se Ly Ra Lo R a Ly Ly mg BoA BoA Se CL 0 0 L11 GoA 0 Re Pe wt Pe wt Pe 0 0 Ra Se Re U) Chinquapin Pe Lo 0 Pe GoA BoA Pe GoA ct 0 P. Bay Ra Oc Ly Pe Se Pe NoA BoA Se 0 0 Pk Pe N F1351 Ly Pa Wt I Re -g 0 PIGEON Pk BoA Ly Pe Lo 0 0 GoA m 0 Ly 0 Pe Pe Lo BA Y Lo ct Pe Pe Pk Ly Ly 0 0 GoA mg NoA Le L Ly mg 4, Oc BoA GoA Lv 0 0 Pe Pk o Ly S Lo Pa GoA BoA Se GoA R Oc mg Lo Lo NoA Oc GoA Ra Ly @F. e Ly Lo mg mg Re Pk NoA bl-" GoA R a _G GoA .?-oA mg GoA GoA N Lo L Ly mg-( Go Ra 0 Pe@ 60 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 31 0 FEET Cu LAKE MOUL TRIE Ly d z Ly G.A B p < z mg f @cu\-/ 0 Le Le GoA U L Ly Le ---_e GoA GoA D 0 Ly t-n GoA I-V GoA Ly UDjjr f I By mg Cu Ra mg 0 Ly Chicarn C.) Z GoA Ly Cu GoA U Ly LLI mg Cu Go LY Ly 0 Se Le Fuller LLJ B GoA im5 Cu c ---')Bay U 54n-@ GoA oc /@'Y/1@1- Cu k---, R--"-@ G.A -A Le vc U/- roA GoA Ly Le Se mg Cu GoA GoA Wa GoA GoA Le Ly Cu Le Le GoA Le Le Ly C.) By Le oA Le Ly GoA Ly Le R @a W mg Wa G@A Ly mo DuA L e GoA G "oA, Le @Le Le L mg BY 8 @O. A BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTI'l CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 32 (Joins sheet 23) N Z w u- 0 0 0 In LAKE MO UL TRIE 0 0 0 0 0 N 0 0.. m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zo A OP L INSUL p @NoA NoA 12 290 000 FEET (Joins sheet 43) 1 0 c GoA 2 315 000 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 33 /fMV Mg LAKE UD DuA BP Pe BOA R a Pe R a Spring MOUL UD R a GOA rove /COA Ly 114 .// L-v Ly Pe Swamp Pe Oc Ly cu Ra BOA Pe Oc Ra cu R Ly %@l cu NoA Ly Oc Ly Pe LY Ly (oA GOA WD e BP Pe Ra Pe R GOA Oc Ly cu Ra Bp /Ly BOA Ra Ly cu Ra U D Ly C u Ly BOA GOA By Ly Ly 0 c Ba GOA Le Oc BOA Se Ra Oc ---j Ra D Ra Bp GOA Ly Pe Ly Ly BY BOA GOA z a cu kP Mc.Beth Ly D Pe oc + Ra !2 Pk NoA 0 Ra Ra Le Ra P.@ F ANCIS ION Ly IONA j;z GOA Pe Ra cu e M9 oc Ly GOA Wa Pk BOA Re Ra GOA c Ra jj cu Ly DuA j P e GOA GOA J.j I GoA Ly M9 GOA I \1 / NOA k Ra C\Ly 0 c Ila g GOA M g 7`@, "/ f r, Ly Wa BO' \-j Ly GOA :G :.A P e @N -1 Go,', M g Ly GOA B p R a L y R a Am- GOA Mg Sa BP BP 0 Sa GOA Wa @P. Ra BOA M9 NOA Noil Mg Wa BP I Oc & BOA GOA Mg R a NoA L DuA GOA S. GoA Mg BP NoB j Oc Bo A Le CVB CvA c Ra Mg DuA W sa DuA NoA Wa C"A Be MP Oc (Joins sheet 25) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH L CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 34 Le e Le Le N 'a L!, Be Le L Be Le mg K4 g Be Be DuA CvA Be CvA DuA Le Ly Be Le z Le u- Be Be Le Be DuA 0 CvA Wa Wa DuA Ba mg Be Be Be Le Ly Le Le Be DuA Be cl Be Le CvA B e 9 L e 0 CvA zt mg DuA NoA Le Le Be Be 0 DuA Be NoA Wa /4a 0 Be 0 1 L 0 FRANCIS MA ION mg NATIONA cn Le mg Wa Ly Wa Wa Le 0 0 CN Be We Be 0 B e 0 0 DuA CvA r48-1 L e CvA W a 0 L e 0 B e 00 CvA Cos mg 0 Wa 0 0 Le Be mg CvA Be LeI Be Ba 1 -1 39-7 lWa Wa Be DuA Be Wa Be DuA B.@ B e W OvA We, (-\C v A Cv Wa 57A CvA ,l'C C v A\ `+t 12 340 000 FEET (Joins sheet 45) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 35 2 iw, nnn FF FT GOA TV1 g G.A Ly r3op, r'CA a /j GoA < Ai Wa r c;A Vv a Ly Be (DuB j@ Le BoB Le Wa) Be G.A GoA Wa Ra DuB j r t Ly wa A GoA Wa GoA ruA Be Ly Wa Le Bc Be FRANCIS @IARION Be NATIONAI Le CaB Pe DuB B. -z Stuamp Lv BoA Iz m V Be Ile Be Ly Pe GoA vt Ly w L 1@ @g@N @j @a B e B e L L E Y@ P e WALLEYE BA Y P a "P Wt wt c t E3 a Pk Ra B, (R' ", a BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUT11 CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 36 0 NoA (Joins sheet 27) 1 - I N CoA-. Be GoA 13 e B e DuA q, NoA B e Le Le DuB B e B e Wa Wa CoA DUA Le GoA B a Le B e Dul amesto DuB Le DuB L e NoA NoA Le Be DuB Ba CvB Wa GoA DuA CoA oA Be Wa Le We Ba NoA Be Wa GoA-. Le z Le Le Ba CvA 0 GoA 0 8 Ln Wa Wa CvA Be Ba Be Wa Be Wa Ba Le Le Le Be, CvA Bo CvB Ba o Wa RANCI CoB RION NATIONA B Wa Be Be Wa 0 CvA 0 0 R a o o c-N B e W a Wa m m Q oc o Sa P e 0 L e W a Be Ra 0 o B e B e o B e W a Pe Ba Le o 0 o Ra o o @w-)A Be Ly Pe o Be Pe o Le Ay 0 Le HELLH BA Y Be Le ct Ly ct Ba Pe Pe Be Ly p lkf t P a Pe (Joins sheet 47) T-- BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 37 eet 38) TA cl Be CvA mg r"'p Ly GoA L e TA mg Wa mg Wa mg NoA EopGETOWN Wa s GoB TA DuA CvA CoB cvo BoA Be V"a BoA oc DuA CvA oc Wa Wa CvA BoB mg Nig W. CoA + + (W A x Be @GoA f-," A CvA a9 FRANCIS RION /NAT1,9NAL- Wa coa N Wa A mg ... Be Wa mg CvA GoA Be Le GoA 2 Wa e Be Ly G.A CvA Be @p a Be @G!A @oA UvA Wa CvA x DuA Be Pe 'J Wa VV a Be Pe CvA C A DuA VV a L Ly y Wz V Le Be M 'og Wa ,A@ Ly + c-A Wa 41 41 Be Be DuA DuAy-@, GoA a B a BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTF CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 38 N U. (0) RI? cOjj TA TA FRANCIS MARION COB o @CvB CvA COB wil 0 0 0 \1 Wa Flanders o o Flanders 1@ LuB Hole M g m CvB NATIONAL FOREST 0 1 /)-CvA o 2415 000 FEET o (Joins sheet 37) CvA 3000 AND 5000-FOOT GRID TICKS C, TA o o BOB TA o 0 COB o o z -o CS CS T N 0 0 o cs % C'yea Pe DuB COB CaB COB FRANCIS MARION DuB DuA 'a o L\ DuA + 1A COA C Co i CvA 6@ Ra F\ uB NATIONAL FORES qp % II e a Ra 41 CvA LuB TA \I, LuB. Le Ha COB COB CS 41 Pe COB COB DuA BOB R a DuA 1, CoA LUB oA CaB BOB e-*7 0 BOA Be NoB q, DuA BOA Ct Re aB CS BOA BOA jvBe )0 FEET (Joins sheet 49) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 39 1 qjqnnnPFFT GOA (Joins sheet 2 GoA@@l M g M, mg 006 00A@ B B LI\l 0 B NoB G mg BOA NoB ct mg c-, I Y' GoA GOA m lk GOA Ly By GOA BOB mg Lo Bo -NoB mg BOB mg LuB L B 0 B mg BOB NoB Ra BOB BOB _c Oc BOA r@A BOA 808 No (7) GoA ISE LuB GoA GOA Ra BOB Z m NoA % No L uB I I dr," N@R) BOB BOB m 9 @-j 0 0 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTF CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 40 (Joins sheet 29) 1 NoA I Be Pe. Ra GOA GOA -J / . GOA @-At Ly TUPEL 0 BA Y Pe Ly Pe GOA Ra GOA No GOA GOA Ra Pe GOA r@A GOA Oc Ra Cu Ra GOA Lv Ra Ly GOA oA m\ Ra NY Ly GOA oA Se Ly Ra GOA yCt Oc Ly GOA GoA Ra Ly Wt Ra 0 GOA oA GOA Ly Ra Ly F5 91 Ly @ Ly Uu Ra Oc Pe Ra Ct MOSQ Ly GOA GOA Oc Pe 0 ''1' Cu Ra Ly Pe L GOA Ly Ra BA Y BOA GOA oA Pe GOA Pe Pk Ra -. ok@ Ra oA Ly Ly By GOA Ra GOA oA B a GOA Pe Pe GOA N A Ly Ra P e c t 41 -5 Ly Pe 07 Ly -S Ra 0 B.oA P a R a 0 n. 0 R a NoA GOA Ly Pe e Ra GOA GOA Pk Pe Ly Ly Ra Ly Pe 0 c GOA Pk GOA C o GOA a Ly * Ra Ra Pe Pe Pk G m Ct GOA Ra y 0 0 BOA a :1 P. 13 GOA Ra Ct GOA Ly 0 Ra Go Oc Ct Ly Ra e BOA 0 q, Ly Pe Oc Ra GOA 176 Ra Pe GOA X < Ra 0 GOA Pk Ly 0 ca Pk 0 BOB mg Oc BOA Oc BOA L t GOA Ly P e R a R BOA L o C) L y Ly 0 COB 0 c 1), k 08 P e BOB A B p P k 0.c GOA 4, Ct oA 0 Ly Oc 0, OA Oc 0 By 0 Ra Pk Ly Lo cu Pk BOA Ly Ra Ra 0 BOA Ra z 0 BOB Lo GOA Ra R a oc GOA Le Ra Pk Lo Pe BOB Cu Ra Ly GOA Lo GOA BOA Ra Ly CaB GOA Ly Ly GOA Pk Oc GOA Ly -- BOA Lo Ly Lo ..- Pe GOA By y Ly By GOA GOA r351 C Ly y + NoA oA a NoA-r'@ By v Oq Lo (Joins sheet 52) 222Oo6OFEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 41 12 240 000 FEET - -1 1 1 r o /' ---@ \-@ - -->@ /- Gol mg \\"G.A Ll Ra a GOA So Ly Ly NoA G A _-/L G GA BOA 'NOA Ra x-- Ly Ly mg Ly sp s 4 BOA NoA 'j, mg Go Pe GOA GoA Lo se R a Ly GoA R a Ly Pe* - oc GoA R a 41 0 c - A Du-A ---j Ly Ly Qc 41 By GcA GoA Ra' GoA 0 Lo GoA L e L e GOA Al 0 c M g oB GOA BOB- Ra I -N m 9 L MjA S e y / B p DuA oA Ly Ly GOA DuA Le Wa Le G. L@ Ly Ra GoA Le Oc Ly GOA Ra mg Wa Le y DuA Le L Ly G A < m Ly G A Ra Ra Wa 0 GOA' 0 mg Ly GOA Le .9 a GOA Cu DuA GOA Ra Ly y 1111L k Le GOA 0 @01 11 @ V) GOA Ra -�' -- Ly Ly Ra GoA GOA Le 9 1 GOA lj/ Ly GoA GOA R a W a LLJ c Ly -V Oc Le cc Oc R a 0 00 GOA Ly tv II cl Ly rD.A\'\-\ Ly NJ GoA C A Le 1-,-@R? a GOA INOB GoA se Ly 11, @(e V, mg GoA GoA GnA Be Ra Le A Le -y Cu Ly4 DuA mg ,u Ly ly Ly GOA mg Ra Ra GoA Ly Ra Cu A Oc Ly L Ra R a I m Ly I y 9 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 42 (Joins sheet 3 1) DuA L e y GoA Ly y N Eg@ By Bp DuA @n M g DuA L e Le Cu Le Wa GoA DuA Ly Ly U Ly 0 mg y- u') Le DuA Ly By mg Cu GoA Le mg -S Wa Cu 0 LIU DuA 0 Ly 0 Le Le 71 m 0 .0 d, GoA By 0 cu 0 0 DuA BLACK Le Ly g C) C) GoA -GoA mg Oc 0 Ly TOMS cl A mg Le Du Ly D A I BA Y 0 0 By 0 Ly 0 @D-AL,, Le GaA Ly cu y GOA mg Wa We cu mg m g 12 265 000 FEET (Joins sheet 54) _7 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 43 12 290 000 FEET ILI C -:A 0 P LN(vo/ @4-1 //@rj Ly p /P LAKE G n 1" m 0 UL T;-,-,- L - / / r G.A/ Bp LAKE ki N Bp oA LY MO UL TRIE NoA Ly Ra Ra COB Pe Co Ra BOA Se B A Ly BOA 0 CoA Lu GOA C) mg 0 NoA Ra @/Ra CPO GOA Lo a G oA UUD I BOA a Ly BOB M g f Oc Le @01 Ly@ Ra GOA oc :7 CoA di Lo 7 Ra A Go D Xcl I -- R a L y Ly -t R a 0 R a Ly U, < Ly BOA 0 BOA !a <0 j z R a NoA GOA fz@ (3 Pinopolis C,A b o A Pe BOA 1-0 GOA 7@N 'oA c S@ L if NoA 0//' XX @Ra NoA Lo NoA y '// \@-- -@ / ) ;@, / / I @' C" C@ f\-Z @ /"-Ly G -,A < GOA "L 'y GOA L G i e GOA /P Pk Ly Pe _@R Ul Pe Oc e BOA Ra a Go BOA cu Ra NoA uc Ly Pe GOA GOA Pe Ly \P Le NOA GOA cu Cu cc UD DuA Pe Ra Ra Ly Go Pe Ly 4RE GOA B mg X /@NA y Ly u r I @ --- - I I - - - Le NcA X f Cu NoAr r Ly <A L y K oA R a@/@ c N A Ly o Cu Ra Pe Ly NoA GoA @\ @' , L El oc Nu- Go"\ ur 1@ F16 rp@ Pe Lo a P, 0 8 @A NnA I BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 44 (Joins sheet 33) 1 1 1 Oc Ra GOA a NoA 0 B e C A GvA N Oc mg DuA mg oA wa Be Sa Pk @S") DuA mg )Oc Oc L DuA we Wa CvA mp BOA Sa 9 Ly B e Wa CvA P e Ly > B CA ... I Pe W a L e DuA DuA Le Wa GOA mg LL Oc- Sa 0 0 Pk Ra Ra 0 DuA COB- BOB CVA Wa mg Pe Le mg A Le @D Ly Le Le DuA CvA COB '@3 ( m 8 e GOA CZ P e Pe. 0 L e mg Ly Be CQ Wa DuA u Sa CvA Sa BOB Ct mg GOA DuA I /a Le ve BOA Wa A DuA Le BOB We CvA mg Le Le Sa cn NoB 0 CvA Mg Le DuA mg mg NoB 1 0 BOB m ZL > CvA 0 mg L) 0 mg Wa mg Wa Le + 0 DuB 0 GOA Wa CvA NATION L F cis CvA ARION Ba Wa Wa 0 @Sa CvA COB CvA 0 Rn. 2 Wa cav@_ k * COB Le Le 0 BOB 0 w 0 DuA Sa NoB 4Q I 0 CvA Sa Le 0 NoA mg CvA vA 0 NoB DuA DuB mg mg 0 0 DuA Sa Wa mg mg Sa 0 Wa Du 0 0 w 0 DuA NoB mg Wa Sa CVB N We DuB CVA Wa o o Wa E308 Sa CvA @g Be Wa COB 0 mg Sa Bp BOB mg B B 5[ TN B CvA 2.115 000 FEET (Joins sheet 6) 1 1 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 45 12 340 000 FEET B 'IV /Be Wa 1-1 e CvA W a DuA \ cvA cv Ba vva "A CVA CvA cvi,I Be Wa mg B Z a H.e 'N A DuA Wa Ba Vl@ Wa mg CvA @C-13 mp Lc Le CoA Wa Be Be Sa 9 P e r Le DUA FRANCIS MARJON NJ A 0, Wa PA g v COA Wa B, -Z C@B 2 COB Sa Ly M g Pe C v 0 @= -c Peter. 2 R Wa Wa Carl% ('v A g Be mg pe r Ba Na A@ A wa GOP. VV a B co Be R 0 mg Be Wa vA 5C. A w W a mg CoA @G JA Le 8 Nl)4L N- N \7), BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUT CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 46 (Joins sheet 35) Be Be Pa Wt a N WALLEYE Be Pe Pk Be Ct Ly BOA Ba Ba BA Y Pe Oc Pk Ra Ra Pk Pe Be Big Ct Ocean C'OB Pe Ra'6 0 0 0 Bay Ra Pe Pk Pa Pk Wt Be Pe BOA Lo F ANCIS MA 10N@. NATI AL C B Lo Ct Pe Be Ba Ct Ly GOA Pk Lo B a P k B e R a t Ly Lo GOA - Pk Ct 0 Zi Be Pe@ Ct Ct BOB 0 0 Pk Lo 0 Pk 0 1 1@ Pe Pk Pe Ly Ct u Pe 0 Cn \Pe Lo Ct Wt GOA CaB Ly \L; Ct Ct 0 Pk GOA 0 BOA Whitten CIO 0 Pe Ra CaB t C' Wt Wt Bay Pe Pk 0 Lo GOA Little Ocean Wt Bay 0 Mg 0 E111 Pe CaB Pk Ly Pk ?1?9 C) 1 01 Ly GOA Ct 0 Lo Ly Mg 0 GOA Ct Boggy Ct Ct .,Mg Wt Pk Pe W t Swamp M g 0 V3 0 GOA M g 0 Be era NoB PAg OF, Lo CaB Ct 9 Be Pe F125 Ct Mg ct, Ct Ct Lo le Le Pk Ct 2 365 000 FEET (Joins sheet 58) 1 1 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 47 -1)(Ly/ Be 2 390 000 FEET Z_j C ct Be Pe Be ct Pe B a Pa Pe Pe Pa HELLHOLE BAY Pk pa CaB Pk ct Be Be PW Pe Pe Be :t Ba Pe Be Pe p a B e a Pa D ,n >- - @!2 FRANCIS MARION NATIONAL .Z D Pk Ba Big d 0 Islan J.i D Pa Pa Pa Pa Pe Be mg PIK Pe Ba Pe Pe BOB Ba HELLHOLE '\@A Y -e Be Pe Be PIK M g Ba @frP Ma KPe @e a B R @a@,, P. Be Ba Pa P@e Be k' Pe mg Ra e@p "Be C9\ Pe Pe Pe Pe BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 48 (Joins sheet 37) 1 1 1 GOA"' Ly N lz@V Be 4e@ Be Le DUA Wa Ba' DuA Be Ly DuA Be GvA Be( Wa its CvA Ba GOA DuA B DuA LITTLE Wa Le Le R a 0 DuA Lo DuA oc Le COB Pe Le Le CvA Be Re HELLH LE BOB Wa CvA @Be GOA Pe Le Ra Be DuA Le GOA q BA Y Be DuA FR NCIS M ION N N 0 0 CvA 0 Le Pe Le Wa pe A DuA GOA % 0 o < 0 Be Du COB Pe Ly L e Pe Le L e L e 0 Le B 0 DuA o Le Be DuA Be Le 0 0 Be Wa L Le Be q, e--_... L DuA p Le o 0 GOA Pe Be NoA Be Ra Ly Le Ra Du Le Ly 0 o Ba Ly Be Pe p '@Vj' Le DuA e 2111: r Ly Be G A e Ly ,j@Be .ins sheet 60) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 49 2440000 FEET I (Joins sheet 38) % C b fi I " 1 11 .@ ", - -1 -. , I I , i I X" o' c t a COB H C"'@ /CoB f,@ DuA -7- CS) v fliW 1C G.A( O@- N @A CaB no /A C.A C.8 R. co @@L . B E B A 3@& f B@ BOB < GOA Piz CoA LuB NoB p Pk + @'j tL@o CF3 Be 0 R In Flk COB Ra - AB) co 1-11 // a DuA F, 1, LuB NVV f I I Y", ,k cas CvA 41 GOA Pk lp Pe 19 @R a p M)A C a P GOA 0 41 BuA B C R CA a J, t k F K I -N c 'R. 5! pe @ ') LuB '-R a FRANCI S& W MARION \P' N A 'T 0j N Ra LO T A T JR F7k COB BO, CaB 'ri R a cj BOA LuB R a LuB Pk 2, co Pk cl Z UB Be GOA GOA j BOA Lo DuA Pk GOA 'j, @'l Pk 41 Pk g- 0 GOA 0 Lo C L R a 41 BOA 41 \@\D.A Pk c' BOB OA 4, '4' 41 CaB '@LuB BOB t LL CaP 0 Pk w Pk Pk taj A .A Lo G L (0 L C R a ct C013 c--N BOB@ Pk I \ \ I \-/ Pk Lo BOB C. A OB @N 'k @ I @--c 41 B, C, t 0c, Pk Pk r\ T CaB CaB + , @PL CaB Wt 1, . (S-0 in '/lw' 'ct 1 Y4 Y4 0 1 Mile F--f i z 5000 4000 3 zOjOO 2000 1000 0 500'0 Feet 0 Scale -1: 20000 500 000 FEET (Joins sheet 49) @'@N A 0 @C. EB3 r, 0 te BoA a) 0 W 0 < a) COD -0 @4 0 _ V C > 0 m > 0 < CO > -0 o a) 0 0 C3 > 0 0 0 0 'CID CID 2 > CO 0 03 C3 cn 0 0 U) > r 0 > < > CO 0 > -c- 0 > Go 2. L) 00 0 > CO 0-3 > Ca 4- a r- > C CO Q C Ctl 0 Q ai C 0 M CO (D > > (X) 0 > C13 0 CO 0 0 0 > CO 0 QU CO * CO CO > 0 0 0 > 1>1 -q > z U) 0 0 > CD (n > cc > 0 CO M CL 03 < > C > 0 0 0 0C-A 0 0 M CD > > M < r- > M CL -< ---1 0 > 0 > 0-1 (z > z 0 0 Le > Cn 0 < > 0 - - - -------- 0 0 0 > > 0 > I U) M M z C 1516 000 FEET E CD M 0 Ln F^ (P 0 ','1496000FEET (Joinssheet6l) t ,j z 4'.1 M 0 > > @t > G 0 -Z o on 2. 0 1 Z Z 2 Cn > > 0 C: cn 6 M, 0 r, 0 Cn '0 M M 0 > > > CO 0 CO QAI z > C) ro z z > 0 MI M I 499 000 FEET M M I j WO @FIIT L I M 515 000 FE ET Thisroap scompiled on 1976aefial photography by the U. S. Departmental Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperating agencies. Coordinate grid ticks and land division cornefs, if show, are approximately positioned. BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 51 2195000 FEET 2 205 000 FEET (Joins lower right) M, g GoA S amp a, CaB R a Ra oc ty < A c x. mg f (,oA M' Pk GoA NoB mg Ly Ra GOA GW@ I fo S M, (40A I CoA Ly B P oc mg @s GOA -ltg@' cl C4 DuB 10 t y Ly Go Se GOA y mg (10 14, GOA cl GOA GOA Ly GoA Ly e i GoA Ra Ly 1 41 y y Ly J@ Ra 3 C A GOA GOA ivi g" DuA GOA v 276 1 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUT-1 CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 52 G (Joins sheet 40) 1 GoA I y a Bo Lo Ly N c t 0 GoA Lo GoA BY Ly Pk Ly Lo p Ly cu By GoA/ ct ct GOA Ly BOB CaB NoA BOA R@a Ly Pk. y R a BOA P. Se GOA GOA B y Ly cu DBp GOA Pk NoA Ra NoA Ra By BOB Ly Ly ByA, Oc Ly Pe ct NoA BOA GOA NoA Ra 8oA 0 Oc 0 Ra BOB Ly GOA Ra Ra BOA R Ly 01c 27 Ly Lo Ly Oc OB GOA * C@Ly mg oA Se < Ly 41 cu Dy 0 Ly \11 CaB BOA 9 GOA BOA k Re Ra BOA Se Go Ly Se Ly 4b GOA Lo Ly Ra 0 * L Q@ BOA GOA LY BOA Ly Se By Ly Pk Pk GOA R a Re Ly Se Ly BOA Lu@B GOA Lo 0 Ly L Co BOA Ly Cu C u %P CaB Y? Ly CaB By mg 0 Pk 0 - ) I '. Lo Le 0 LuB BOA Le 0 c\l Pk 4.. oA Ra GoA R a L o c u m L Y u Lv + C) LuB 0 c Ly u m g 0 R a 0 Ly L y I.B GOA Oc GOA Ll INOB 0 e Ly Ly No@A GOA Ly 0 LuB 0 k BOA Ly 0 Lo GoA GOA p R a S e L L o GDA 0 Go M g Ly 0 GOA y u c L Boe R a Ly a oA R NoA GOA c) 0 Ly' -It BOA Oc UOA Ly y Ra Ly Bp Mg oA _fo Ly 0 Ra 0 GOA Se Ly Le L y o o o y Ly Nk-" Ly Ra Re mg Ra X C u m GOA Ly @Mg GOA Ly Ly @Ly/ We Le GOA R a C u (BY I-Oins BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 53 2 240 000 FEET I m a G oA r- + r Ly mg GoA Ly oc e p GOA G oA "\ DUB y R a CvB L R. G.1 By Le oc 9,11, DuB GoA 0 Ly GOA GoA oc B e GoA L e GuA L e C v @3 L y @ @v Ml g 0 r, UOA DuB Ha k I p k ) / r Ra cu ll@l Qs@ + se Ly oc DuA Ra BOA Ra 3 . '. \ mg Ra mg y Ra oc oc oc BOA GoA BOA (le I GoA r a GoA Ra oc Ly oc Se mg N oc Sa U Ra oc Se GOA oc Z5 E Se n G o A GOA oc GOA Se oc Se GOA L Ly y GOA 0 GoA 41 5 -'2' Lo Ly Ly Ly GoA mg oc Ly Ra oc J .j Ly Be d *Se Ra r 0 < Ra t2 Ly Ly n, y 0 GOA '3" 11 2 \--' @ @ N@@ \\\ -,\Ra &.A GOA Ly Se NOA C u L c A V cc Ba Se BOB GOA Ly Bp Ra By BOB / ,, Pe Ly GOA By Pe mg GoA mg By 303 oc Ly Bo Ly L se Ra G -;-4 BoB se Ly OA cu c E9 mg /-@ '@o- Ra Ly 0 :1:'.1 @mgj@@' F3 L A y By Ly C u GoA 0 511 GOA oc mg Ly c 0 SoB 9 oc, GOA u @mg .3 oc A BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTI] CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 54 (Joins sheet 42) 1 1 1 N M g @@- JA GOA Mg V13Y By Ly Mg GOA Ly Mg Wa M Ly Ly Le Cu Ly Mg DuA Go GOA Le DuA Pe Mg u- 0 Wa DuA Mg GOA IV In Ly Wa Ly 9 GOA BLACK TOMS GOA Ly GOA Sa Ly Wa By By NoA GOA M gGOA GOA q, Le Le Cu GOA Mg DuB oA R a Cu Ly DuA + NoA Cu DuB 0 Ra Ly GOA mg GOA Ra Le Ly GOA Le 0 Wa GOA 0 GOA 0 GOA Le 0 NoA Se Le Ra 0 1, 0 ;;@Ly Ora h ncr, Ra a) Mg Le Go boA M Ly Ly u -il Ly 0 (f) 4, * DuA Mg R a GOA Ly Le 0 R a 2 Re GOA Cu Ly Ly GOA A 0 GOA Mg Ly GOA 0 Le Ra L GOA Cu Ra Mg Ly Ra GOA GOA Cu F29-11 u Ra GOA Ly Le IGOA 0 Ly 0 Ra Ra Cu Ra R y By Le Ly GOA GOA By No Ly Cu GOA Cu g C) Bo 0 GOA Ra Pe Lv Ra 0 uu lk.\%e Pe Ra 0 BOA 0 Cu GOA C) GOA GOA Cu RA Oc Ra o Ly .- I'll, 0 Ly Ra Simmons Ly Ly Cu @c hLA CK TOMS Ra Bay Le I Pe Pe Ra Ra Cu GOA Ra Ra Pe. Cu u GOA Oc Ly GOA cu. Cu Sa GOA B y u /'@G A 0 Ra Ly Cu NoA Lo ------,Ly Ly Ra GOA Ra Pe cu a Ly np e -T GOA \pe 2265000@LLI (Joins sheet 64) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 55 2 290 000 FE.@T B o.A 1( R .1 Y y 17, P. UD GOA Ra B y By J y Ra P ?L Lo NoA R. Ra G y y Ra Pk Pk BOA GcA' y Ly Pe BoA P (GOA( L NuA NOA M GoA NoA Pk CKS rl)2INER. GOA Go Ly Ly ER. GoA ounty seat A 1@ @-, _"/ \- - [ii] tj NoA GOA Pk RoA Ra AU L Ra) R a GoA @f o I GOA GOA/ Fa Pk ---.7 "A Aj A t cu Ly NoA (LI K L Ly A Ly GOA Ra > v Ra BOA R ICA cu Ly Ra N& 0 41 !2 Ly MV ..A I / GoA K GOA r7g] /-),L oA y B @Ra 0 Ra zu . T GOA ly '.PPk 0 A 71 NCA f Lv 1 5 Pk eN.A/ Tr@- _A<J D & i Ly .11 ( V BOA A I -- fl-_@ No". Pe P. GOA Lo /B OL Ly fJ Ly NloA BoA =8 GoA cu Le GoA Ra Ly Ly cu G oA i GOA GOA Pe ME r@UB Pk Pe Pe BOA RA GOA Oc R a Le*r w) NoA Pe -OA Le Jc GOA J L y Pe Du A Ra Bp RoA Oc NoA Li Pk GoA Ra By 13 Ly 'GOA 1@ Ah Y@\. g u A ) I - - z MIA A \G.A'-./ D,,A j GOA I NloA L. Cvb 'D ,@vA I - DuA jB jW, i Bp LIWA Pk BOA Wa Wa 0 PC, DuB Oc Be Ra Wa Ra 0C Sa GOA Wt Go oc BOB PuA DuA Wa Ly BOA mg mp 17A Pe mg Wa GOA A 9 B A BoF if DuB ROB L; t k 0 G.A-l- ra water GOA I T P e C', S GoA-@)@/ BOA Le 0C GOA NoA GoA -Ly Bp F Ra c t r3oA Ly mg 0C oA -3oA < /p r - R, . .......... -3oA Lo Pk GO m Ra 0c /Ra BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTIi CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 56 (joins sheet 44) 1 1 N B W a Bo- "Bp Cvk@- ca Bp mg rA Sa '-fl 'PO DUB mg GoA mg a NoB fl . NoB mg @s mg DUB NoB Bp mg Le NoB w Ly mg UD Sa GvA a DUB sp 09-71 Be NoB CoB NOB GoA GoA Sa mg DuA DUB Be u- 0 0 Le G, A 0 U) r Sa M g g Le @oA DuA DuA a v DuA mg CoA DuA Sa Le DuA Be DuA UD Sa ....... COA DuA Le L e NoA W Ia S a DuA NoA DuA NoA Be Le Le mg ns. f DuA GoA mg mg *: + I GoA L kn Le Sa Le Sa Le CoA NoA Sa a Le 0 CoA g G p B Be, 0 DUB ... DuA 0 0 M g CoA GoA 0 CV13 v 0 0 1@ DUB DUA GoA G.A water 9 LY Le 0 0 DUB 0 0 13 Le Le LY DUB GoA DUB 1 0 G DUB mg Le Be UD mg CvB DUB DUB GoA GoA 0 Le+ Le 0 Ly Be CD mg DuA Le 0 water water Ly 0 c Le DuA L R a GoA e R a L y DUB GoA L e 41 water mg: 41 Be GoA y Be 3oA GoA 0 water Le Le DuA mg Go CvB Wa DUB Le GoA Lv Le lo Le be 9 Be- mg/ DUB 31e. DuA mg NoB GoA A g uA L UU0 L e Be, Be A Le Du A Wa UB DuA eDuA A Le mg@"' Le JA^-,M g e 1 2315000 FEET (Joins sheet 66) 1 - g Le BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 57 12 340 000 FEET GoA L e GOA M g e R a GOA y \-9 mg R NoA .L V GoA W t p e GOA C t e Ly Ra Be GOA, Ba -fiun Pa Ly Le GuA ct ct Pk 0 (<N.A) z DuA GOA Lo md Y) Pa 0 G GOA Pa Pa Be <u Ra D FRANCIS MARION Pk _.r N TIONA V) Eg Be ct ct Le o GOA Pa 2p= > -a- W) LLJ BOA ct Ba ct -i P:@kS w @e w Lo co Ly An.,A Be //G-A GOA) r '/ Ly Pe ct Lo Pk ct Ly BOA Wt Ra BoA ct H'llh CaB 0 Pk Lo N Afiddle BOA Pa lr Bay @Pk Pe , r ,, W, "12 VoA" p @11 Dt W, ct NoA BOA cl DUA Pe Lo Ly wt BoA ct Pe Ra Ra BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 58 (Joins sheet 46)l I I N p e P e c t c t c t c t L e L y C t w t F481 Pk Pe. Le ct Be ct ct Le SoA Boar Bay mg Pk ct mg m Pk Oc Lo u- mg Le 0 BoA 0 0 T Be Pe Wa mg Be Ly Wa Pk mp Be ct G BoA Be mg Pe mg Jeri warnp L GoA mg F1251 FZ1 BoA In Wa 0 @oA Be -c Ly 0 0 mg 0 Pk 'z 0 Wa 0 0. 0 Wa NATIONAL FRANCIS 141 ARIO POP GoA 'Fu L e u Be KA g 0 ... M Be Wa Wa 0 Le 0 mg Be 0 0 Le GoA Le Be Le Le GoA 0 CVB Le 0 mg 0 GoA B e Ly Go Ly p + Ly Ly 0 0 Le W a B a B e CvA y CvA CvA W a W a L e M g B e W a W a B e W a B e L y L e DuA L e B a (joins sheet 68) 2 365 000 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 59 12 390 000 FEET c B. Ba Be Ba Ly 1;, Pe Ile M g P e B e P e Pe Rarnett isl.nd Ba u BA Y Pe HELLHOLE Lo Be Ba 0 OB. Pe Pe < p mg e u Pe Ba < u FRANCI@ MARION NATIO AL Ba 0 V) > % Be Pe 21. Ba 0 u Ra >w Pe Pe LLJ @e 9 NoA 0 B. m p Be' P. mg UoA Be M g e Ly Pe Be Be GOA ly B Ly Ly Ba Ra Suwmp Ly GoA Ra 'Be DuA Be Ly 13P @Pe e '@e @@FR Nf q1 Be Pc@ @R. Le B Ly DuA Pe@ 1 Ran GOA p Be Ba Ba Ra Ly Be E4 t 15a 5a BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 60 0 L (Joins sheet 48) Ly (3!A Le e N Go GOA GOA Ly DuA DuA DuA Ly P e B e B NO Ly B a Lv 0 Ly ranch Be Q) Be BOA 0 Pk Ly Be CoA CoA Ly Z mg Be Le Ly Ra Ly Ly Be P@ Ra Pe Ly Ly Ly u- Ly 0 0 B 0 Ba GOA LO (:5D DuA Le Be Be GOA GOA Shulerville DuA GOA Le Le Ly : mg DuA GOA Ly Be q Be GOA Le um Du@ DuA Be mg Ly GOA Be Le Ln Le Be Be Be Le Le Ra Ly GOA 0 z ATIONAL F NCIS MARION 0 %y GOA GOA Ly Le B 0 NoA 0 Be 0 DuA G@ Le Ly Re Dw GOA m @v Ly 4e re Be Pe v Be Pe Ly GOA GOA oA c: u GOP./ GOA Lo 0 GoA R. Pe Ly CaB 0 0 t Ba Ly NQ Be Bo a Ct p m wt 0 Ly 0 Ra Ly Pe Ly Ct a GoA: R a 0 Be R a GOA Ct 0 0 Ly e Go FK a 0 GOA Ct Ra Pe' Pe Be -@O W't", Lo CaB Pk o UOA o Pe o GOA Ct Ly- Re GOA Pk Be Bark Ly Island GOA I CaB On ': C t 0 Pk Q Ba Ly Pe Pk Pk PeA Pe Ly PL Ly Lo Pk aB Ly a (Joins sheet 70) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 61 ...... FEET CaB j c, wt C L" Lo ct ct t S @c' / ' P@ Pe calB Lo CaB Be Ct Ct GOA Se Ct Pk C t Ly Money Pk liv Ly fF wt Be Pe MP FRANCIS Pk MARION Mg Mg Lo Sa lftl p Lv I ct CaB Mp 0 LO < CvA F@ La Be CaB 0 Z rK FRI M g Pe < Pl( u Wa ee Ilk '-r "'I" Be e intermittent I D 0 Ra > int ct Mg -E -coo z B e 0 > Pk ranch M g Lu 2: W e W Mp a Ra Wa w w ct 61 M-IN- @V DuA NATIONAL FOREST COB Le Be F),,A Mp lt@ Wambaw Ba Ra D A Wa C v A L a// W" @-e "V'3 4-5 u 'ON L, "ON COUNTY Be !B DuA M p B e Be L e "'. ? ' ') A mg Be Le (Joins inset, shwt 70) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTF CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 62 Ly, mg, (Joins sheet 52) 1 1 - I @G crA L y Ly L y Ly Ly, I a R a L e Se Ly .w Ly Ra Ly Ly By Le Le Le mg GOA Ra mg Le Wa Le .. 1*11 Ly- - * UOA R a R a / ' i w GOA Se Ly mg Ly Ly X Wa m v Le Ly g DLe Se u- 0 0 Wa mg Lo 0 Ly Ly Wa GOA Le Wa Wa Ly Ly GOA Se Ly Ra Wa Ly Ra mg GOA Ly mg q, Ly Le mg Ly a GOA GOA cu .S GOA Ly Ly GOA oA Wa* GOA cu .5 G GOA 9 z R@a mg mg" Ly On Ly Ly 4A, Ra LY R a r.'@ A GOA 0 M g GOA Ly cu 0 GOA 71 Ly a u mg DuA GOA 0 cu 0 Wa Lp Le 2 Wa mg GOA Le CvA *GOA o DuA Le Wa Wa DuA GW 0 GOA Le DuA DuA r@A Wa Le Le 0 mg If GOA Ra o \ DuA mg 0 cu Ly Le mg C A DuA cu GOA GOA W. 0 q, cu NoA Ra e B a GOA Pe- In NoA CvA 0 oA GOA GOA DuA NoA NoA @N-)- @Go A Le GOA GOA Lo lk L e Bp NoA L.0 Ly DuA u DuB Se M g mg Le 0 GOA 0 R a m 9 o DuA < 0 NoB 12 220 000 FEET (Joins shee BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 63 QOO FEET '-s OB u G.A*f) V? t, . , ( ( 0 oc D, --A G A BOB Ly 'mg r Oc g c e m g GOA Ly DuA B B mg lic I No DUB 47 B.B BOB udd 0 BOB z mg CoA --- CvA Gof, A Le DUB GOA Bp GOA *Ly mg GOA GOA I \ GOA Ly BOB GOA 32 Ly y 0j NoA Al@ Ly //( c NoB % Cu NoB BOB Z NoB ma so LO mg OB L GOA DUB mg DuR N tus 0 NoA 'y (B-B Ly- BOB "Jo \\LYT x Al mg Ly "I ), NoA IN 0 B A GOA NoB Ly Go Lv t GoA t-y Ly Ra GOA J-y >- GOA Ra DUB LO Ly LA GOA >- Nc)A mg GOA jj DUB DUB oA 0 BOB ms ZI GOA DuA L Y Ly 9 N105 NoS GOA DUB NoB DuA E. J7,G A i OIA g LY '\ -11 1 -- V-/ I '@OA- D.A I/ V V 1// OINO' A) K @'\ N )A Ra -@j CvA 0 BOB - Bo c 0 3091 C:G:,, 9A UOA B Ly BOB, NoB GOA IDD NoB NoB mg No3 DuB Gc'A vo/i . . .......... DUB D G DUB NoB n-P Rlr)[@Rv 0 UD M @9- oc G A W. /'/D.B GOA CvB mg Le G,_", L. y mg mg Le DUB DUB Ly GOA Du Ly L -GOA GoA GoAl y INA -leto I _Zf BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 64 (Joins sheet 54) 1 1 1 Gu G.A (' oA C u N B y GOA R a P e L y \.I, cu GoA pe cu NoA Ly GOA Pe Oc cu BOA Ra cu Ly BLACK Ly GOA om BA Y Pe cu Pe Se Ra Oc Re Ly m GOA + Ly cu Ra GOA By cu GoA Le Pe 0 GoA 0 Ly Ly '0c 0 %V GOA NoA GOA Ra By 41 Se cu NoA cu Ra cu R a GoA By Ra GOA GOA Ra mg 41 GOA ... GOA Ly Ra cu LY NoA Ly Ra C. Pe GOA By 0 Ra cu GOA Ra GOA G 0 Ly 0 0 C u 41 0 R a Ly 0 - .. mg c\j R a R a GOA R a 71 .T . . - 11, %.1* R a m GOA R u y Le Ly GOA I -- - ** @L. GOA (01 GOA uO Y cu GOA Ly GOA Ly 0 0 0 NoA GOA (GOA M g NoA '% Oc 0 c t@a GOA 0 0 BOA Pe Ra R 0 GOA Ra Pe Pe m Se 11 NoB Ly \v NoA Ra 0 Ra 0 0 Oc Tillmans 0 1, mg mg 41 Bay GOA Pe o Ra 0 0 0 Ly Ly Pe Ra GOA Ly Pe Ly cu Pe tich BY rz,@A LY Pe Ra Re S 'K pa Pe uu^ Pk Ra w Ly Ra Wind%--- 0 NoA Go 0 Oc Oc 0 Bp M g pe L , ! , @ Ct Ly Pe IV @Pe Ra @R Pe c P.) R a Pe )G 1 2 265 000 FEET (Joins sheet 73) 1 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 65 12 290 000 FEET I k Ly V C1 'Y,'4.A GA. 9 f-'- B GOA@, f7 lk a oc GoA oA -1"' Oc DuA 1-10 c GOA 11 m P k L GoA NoEl g < 0 c M g C u __1\. I-) 1@ B p R /I GoA 0 DuB Sa Pk @"Io; TGcr@ 0 R a UL) I uA DUB mg <I "l, GoA Ri Bp Re -B 0 BoA i 0'@ ILI U, Ly NoB L)11B w Sa B,,A c GoA ) f 01. W a p p L y e 0 GoA BOB-- Bo GnA Oc NoB GoA P_ U D r\n Ra Ly IS. UD Ly Pk ZA A\. v GoA U@@ Ly mg e NuA Oc Bp \ \ f Oc Le Le 40 Ly DuA P6 0 c CvB Oc Re BoA Le GoA A, We Wa Ly BoA Oc GoA g Re mg DuA G 0 M p GoA N oA L y c DuA B Ly CvB Ly uub We I GoA @P- DuA DuA GoA Re Bak Re We Le Ly cu Ly :)uA Le GoA mg Le A s L. Bp Ile Le S mp a p GoA Ly I We Ly Le Ra Re .L DuB 0 (-.A cu L j cu Ra L, (GoAl 0 /GoA Vn Du DuA MP )s. P4 Le Ly R a y_\ on'oe, Oc Cu W a Ly BY GoA DuB No mg We A cu Le We Dos Le Le DuA t@y CvA L3uB CoA Le\ 40 cu We Re Be DuA a CvA GoA Le Gc)A Ly 'K CvB C. V6 M p L e W a Back I I- C u Duj,,_ T DuA Le k@' s se Le M, @/ GoAk i'0 \A, M2 By C,A DUA Le W a I M g p or GoA L y A WF W F7911 COB mp /-@' M 2 1 (@@g@ We, - - 9 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 66 (Joins sheet 56) DuA I 4 Le mg Be 0 81-0 m //m 9 NIC-N.A DijA NoA N DUB 14, ... I Le NOB MBe Le We DuA DuA Be Wa Le EuB NoB DUB Pe GOA Le DUB DuA mg DUB Mgy NoA NoB DuA DUB u- DuA Le W mg We GOA 8 CP mg Be Le GOA Le We DuA CvA DUB BOB 4A Sa water UD GOA We mg -' # . g Le L e DuA 0 DUB mg Ra BOB DuA water mg We DUE? BOA Du mg DuA CVB Le DUB Ly DuA Oc 0 _Meptn \Na s Re 0 M4 ke Le Le Le A CoA DuA 0- 0 water CaB DuA DuA Du p a n DUB Pe u -0 Pk DUB so 0 COB 0 Ct 2 DUB Be water @c 0 Ivig DuA DuA Ra DuA @R. 0 t 0 cAll DuA Le BOA CaB DuA Be Le 0 DUB: 0 0 CP Pa m 5 Le Ct DuA Pk COB 0 water Ct R a Pk Ct DuA Be Pk Ct DUB Re 9' Ct CaB Pa COB Oc t DuA water Re DUB t oc Pk C Wt oc ct Pk aB CP DuA F441 Ct Pk Ct mg CoA '\-GOA 12315000FEET (Joinssheet75) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 67 F pk I .'K - j / Z/ Pe Pk L XX cl GoA NoA pe Wt @/R // p - ----- boA @3oA 7c @B P'- Ra /'e Ly W 1@ g -1/1'-t CaB f - ------- 7 @^c C v CaB CvA Pe Pk Wt B 01" CP Pk NATIONAL :)C a D @FRANCIS AR W \c'b ct I 'a .9 -- ;@7 c t Wt (ct Pk Pk Pk Wa Cordesville Wa c t M p 10 W t mg water Wa Bo@@ Le GoA Wa MP "eserve Me j V/ f @-/ \_1 Be Ra Le GoA mp X oc Wt Wt vA Le CvA oc Pe ('v A Pk P e Pe CvA Wa J W. Ele I / .. I \A, + *\P r. t Pe ky rC W v NATION , IL Ly DuB '-.vA Le Pe - ------- Ly \P GoA -bog, Bo4 BoA LBo GoA p BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 68 (Joinssheet58) I DuA Ly N W. Be DuA Wa Be Be Wa Le Be Be GOA Wa Ba Wa LL 0 - C CvA 0 mg CvA CvA In Wa Wa COB 01251 CvA DuA CvA Be Wa CvA Le Be Wa Wa Cvl@ I= Wa Ba Be Oc mg BOA CO ---IMP mg CvA )T' CvA 0 Wa 0 VB 0 0 0 9 @-A VB FRANCIS MARION NATIOP mp u U) _NZ mg DUB Be eo' 0 Rock Hole Be 0 DuA 0 OuB C@ DuA CvA CvA Be Le mg CP mg 0 0 DuA 0 Le m DuA 0 Wa Ra GOA 0 Le Sa 0 0 9 wa DuA -0 Nig Re DUB 0 GOA 0 DuA e GOA GOA I 0@1 9 G Le Ly Ly DuA DuA GOA 0 R-a e R a Le Ly Ly LyP Le Ly Pe '), # BoA GOA BOA Y Bo Ra y Ly Le uA 9 Ly Ly Ra Ra Ly Ly Ly GOA (Joins sheet 77)1 2 365 000 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 69 2390000 FEET 'P M g @B N oA B Ra B H-OLE@ B-1 Y H'@--L L Ise DuA Pe es Be J Ra NoA G. Ra C.A Be Le nLl a 'e r.@A B a Ba Ly Ly Ly Be a R a Pe Le e L y B e Ly GoA @y Ra 3is y R a $a GoA Ra Be V FRANCIS Lljl*A ON N, A@_@', 0 Ly E E 'i, S R@ Be Be L c 10 'Aln Ba L Ra mg 0 13 Ra 12 R A Be Ra Gne B.e Ly B a L R a GoA L 8 eGAA B e GoA ci I kw .1 R @ _ --\ -/ / / i N T I - :,\\ ' ' B (@o a B @c @O -LJ jAR Wn Ly Ly Be Ly Be Be Q, i -s@ ) Ba c L e Pe B e Ra R a ,@R. B 0, \Ba r BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUT11 CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 70 1 (Joins sheet 60) y R a IR a IPk N B e B a Ly Pe Ly Lo Pk Lo Pk Lo C a Pe Pe Ly BoA Pe P R a CaB Ly Ly ct Se ct Pk Plk R a ct wt k PIK Ra Ra GoA Re Oc ct Pk + Ra Pk PIK R FRANCIS A NA IONAL Wt F -541 6 0 Ly 0 0 Ln Pe Lo Lo ct ct GoA ct F k Ly CaB Lo Coffee Ra Pk PIK Creek Ra ct GoA wt Swamp CaB Ra Ly PIK Ly Lo 4; ct ct ct Lo IMP Ly wt P BoA /IL-0 -1 Pk CaB k 0c Oc (Pk"'@ Sa 0. Pe Plk BoA 0 Ba CaB 0 Pk 0 0 Lo Lo 0 0 oA Pk Pk Lo M CaB u 0 0 Plk ct wt ct C t P e4 y Pk CaB 0 Ra La CaB 0 0 ct 8 M98 (Joins sheet 6 1)1 Mg Le Le IMP Le B' 0 Wambaw co N 45 DuA 0 0 Swamp uA - -D b Cat L e P k 0- a M g 0 MP Le ZI -0 M, 0 CaB Plk Pk Ra CaB ct Ra 440 000 FEET Oc 3000 AND 5000-FOOT GRID TICKS Pk L) CaB (Joins insetsheet 78) 12415000FLLI BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 71 220 000 FEET (Joins sheet 62) DuA/rD u" @L-@ ".A GoA Lj@] Gc NOB Ra @A\ G.A M g L e . .............. Di nt,A 011 MR Tho.mp-L- DuA Ly GoA Ly NoA NoA DuA Le Ly N.B L e cu Ra GoA q, Bp -4 Ly Ly Ra Du Le DuB DuV/ 0.1 1 y GaA G A Ile, ,6' BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTI] CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 72 (Joins sheet 63) Ly I I I 4 GoA GoA Du B @ G@ DUB NoA N Cu Cu NoA GoA Ly GoA Ly Ra mg DuA Le GoA GoA Ly G A Ly Ra mg DuA GoA GoA NoA GoA BoA NoA NoB Ly Bp NoB Ly mg DuA GoA GoA Ly Q@2 DUB GoA NoB DuA GoA oA Ra mg Le GoA GoA 0 DuA mg NoB GoA Ly Z' 2B eNoB GoA GoA GoA u GoA NoA N A Ly o r@A DUB Le mg Ly Re GoA M g DUB Ly GoA cu y 0 Le DUB GoA 0 0 R a GoA 0 Ly Gi@ 0@ 0 c-14 NoA GoA Le F2 31 L e M g m C u GoA B p L -0 GoA Ly Le Le Cu CvA GoA 0 c Le o NoA Ra cu DuA cu Ly GoA N@ Le 0 NoA GoA LY o NoA Ly Ly o awson Ly R a GoA GoA GoA mg Le Le R a cu 0 GoA Le Ly Bp o GoA Ra mg GoA 01 mg Ly DuA NoA GoA Ly Ra Bp o Ra co, Wa Go Rp GoA o Lu B e Le NoB Gk mg GoA Ly Le Le Ly DuA Cu DuA GoA iGoA Du GoA U ,,\NO G GcA uA Mg oA NoA Ly p e DuA Bn GoA:"t' Ra 2 440 000 FEET I (Joins sheet 79) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 73 R a Pe --AllLy Pe `cj@, @<k' Pe Pe Lo Pk Lo -, m g GOA Lv Ly R a GOA Ra Ile Pe Pe Oc GOA oA GOA @,Oc Ra GOA a GoA Pe Ly P7 i Lo., r Oc Ly ct Pe Pe Oc Pe Oc Ra Ly Ra BOA NoA GOA GOA No + 13.A "I' Oc BoB \ /I / 11 'G, i3oB p No A UOA Pe DoA .A GoA By GOA 0 c -.OA R a R Pe Bp 41 0 NoA BoB Pe pp .10 Lo' B oA < 3 B 9' BoA BOB L lut @B@oB Of c 0 Se@13 oA U ,-/G.A BOB (3QA B OB water L.y Lo Bp No Ly Oc F- Ra NoB oc 4, mg 'GOA GOA LLJ GOA Lo BoB Lj Bp 0 Ly GOA Pe Ra ui m Ra Oc GOA 0 G DA @ej \fe p Ly BOA c Ly ZR. @P-) /A /V )i' N . A V H a P e BOB GOA Oc Pe Bp GoA Ly AU NoB R'a' NoA B Pe 0Pk Ly GOA c Pe G Ra Oc GOA Ra Ra Ly 41 e Pe N.A R @a R *a 0, R. k L IL-" p rl ) GOA Pe Pe Ly t.y GOA GOA Ly GoA c Pe Ra GOA Ra GOA Ly Lo G A Ra rR,,\ G DA NoA BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 74 (Joins sheet 65) 1 1 M ge Du 9 Le Wa mg Sa N oA Ly COB CV8 F79 mg NoA Wd 52 A mp 0 GOA mg CvA mg@ GOA BOB Le Le mg M g Wa N OB Le CvA Ma CvA Wa Le Ra Wa Oc U- mg v 0 Le mg D A DuA 0 Le Wa 0 9 We Le Wa CvA mp DUB q, Wa 0 co mg Be COB 0 Oc Le CV9 Wa Le GoA CvB DUB CVB CvA Wa C-) mg We CvA Wa Wa Wa mg DuA Z!.0 GOA oc CvA DuA Le W a mp 3 e- 0 c ... 0 Strawberry 0 mg 0 W@ CvB 0 1@ GoA -- ---- 0-0 < Sa 4, Ly Wa We Be - CA (6 DuA NoA mg u 0U) Ly m 9 CvA mp DUB 2 1 Cu GOA Le CvA CVB DUB 0 DuA NoB Wa 0 Le DUB Le cp Wa We e Ra Wa mg OB G)A CvA M g Ly Wa 0 NoB DuA a CvA COB 0 COB 0 We Le Le B e M g Swa B e Wa CvB 0 DUB A UVA i DUB a Wa 0 PV IgL DuA CVB Sa Wa a 0 0 Wa W) (vA mg CvA mg M g We Le We CvA Wa Wa DuA We Wa PAP Le mg CVB We Ly mg Le GOA DuA CvA mg CvA 0 o B % W 0 mg Wa mg R, 0 DuA -i GOA 0 000 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 75 1315 0110 IEIT I I wa I ". /I(-\ ro gI I I'kl OA v ) DL I IIAp DuA C O.EB p k Water Cos CvA uAl GOA C t Mp Mg 0 CoA DuA cvi3 CP D 3 D", 0 oi DuB CP L e CVB wa p g DuA DuA Pe IV) g CP Cp Dus Mp L DuA Pimlico GOBI DUA pe Le Be CvA C c Childsbury Le Le UA g Cp GO 4@p - , @C,4 X3 Wa z X.R Mg z Ly CP GOA e -Ij L) T p M g Cp@: Sa M A O@ 0 wa 9 Z) 0 Water >: wa M % IMP sa 0 u Sa > CVB LLJ BOA -j LIJ 2;;,5 sa, Mp water COB Mp p 0c, LLJ ca Cp uu wo Mg wa I DuR sa CP NoA DuA CVA Wa H H C P wa CoA GO @A@C )"B 1@1@cp C, @L4 W. water W@- COB g UED &B Pe Be\ w Mg Mg C 'A CvA Be Mg f DD CvA wa Wa sa wa- r BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 76 0 (Joins sheet 67) CvA Ly" I e Pe I N Ly BOA GOA Pe BoB Ly I BOA Pe water Lo BOA Le Be Pe, GOA BOA Pe I Z; GOA u- 0 0 BOB 0 Le Lo BOA CVB Ly Pe Ly Pe Wa Pe Pe W Wa CP Wa Le CvA Pe Le Wa mg Pe Le GOA CvA CvA COB 0 0 Co water 0 COB Pe "ll o@! COB Pe 3e CP COB Pe Pe CvA water Be GOA NN LLO o CP CP CYA oB roA DuA WA o NoA CVA o Re water y CP CvA Pe DuB Be 0 BOA 7 oB F98-1 CP 'ps GuA CP w 0 Be c P "'7 w water COB CP Ly vate water- 'Ok CvA 4 13 water C P C P GOA r P water C, Go, BOA water RAsr 4 B C @Bll" tj t)LIB C mg 2 340 000 FEET (Joins sheet 83) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 77 DuA 2 365 000 FEET I Ly DuB- mg gI I C@--(G o A '@.A Ly GoA 11 Ra Ly 9 Pe Ly m GOA Ra Go qel GOA Ly Ba r Ly y GOA Lv mg C OA 41 41 R a N.A Ly t uA CP )) I CIA Ra .41 Ly Pe Pe No- L Y lp m 41 LV g Ra ID" H 1 R o Ly GOA Ly NoA Ly Ly Ra Ba GoA Pe R. R A g" Ly G.A L,) Go) Ly .9,2 Al. @(@G.A \m GuA UoA R c Ba mg NoA Ly Ra % r. p L,,, GoA ti mg Ly r) G GOA Ly Is Nol Nc,@ QZ I GoA @w R a M P, FRANCIS MARION NoA NATIONAL @Ra DuB Q) GoA Ly Ly BoA 10 Ra Ra LuB 3 Ly Lli NoA mg ) \\ F /(@ - NOA GOA GoA- Ra Ra w'; - / / I, R a 2oA V Ra \7 GoA-) G o M g NoA e NOA Pe B GoA C NoB Go Ly Pe G o A OA GOA GOA NoA 'u (I r\ f 41) 1c, @'eG o A5 "If P e 0 P @@e @G B @a@ 01: 7@ @GoABe r /< o o Ly Pe GOA mg o PE Be Be zef e. N GOA CoA P 9 GOA GoA Ly GoA NoA GOA Pe GOA Ly BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 78 (Joins sheet 69) Be Ly@Bay I I N Ly Be Ly _ . (--' Be Ba Be Be Oc Ra Oc Ra Ba Ba Ly Ra Oc Ra Ly Ra 0 c B e GoA Pe B a Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Oc Ba Ba Oc Ra 0 Ra GOA 0 0 Pe BOA Be Re 0 Ly GOA Ra Ra Be Pe ct Ba < a GOA Pe BOA CD Ly wt Re BOA wt ct a Ra, Ly w t Oc Pe wt DuA 0 Ba Ra Oc Ra ct 0Ly ct e GOA Re @-y wt Pe 0 GOA Ra RANCIS sa MARION Lo NATIONAL 0 < 0 p 0 .110@! + @ Ly wt 7' Pe Pe .T GOA m Oc Pe wt Ly Ly Ly Pk [email protected] Pe wt GOA Ba 0 L Ra 0 Pe Ly Pe 0 GOA Wt (11 Ly Pa Le wt oA GOA 0 GOA Wt 0 0 R a 0 Pk Be wt Gt Pk ct Pk R a Go Wt 0 wt Lo GOA wt Pk -0 Ly p e 0 lz Pk R a wt ct Lo Ly Ly Ct OCEAN BA Y Ra NoA p Wt Pa Pe GOA C) ct wt "I GOA Lo Be wt ct wt Pk Lo k Pk Pk Ra GOA BOB A Ba ct Pk t wt Lo ct F9-81 2 390 000 FEET(Joins sheet 85) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 79 2240000FEET (Joins sheet 72) o A 13@j G.A GoA t, GoA Ly Le --BP DuA Le mg Ly GuA DuA C.-I mg Le Ly GoA cu Ly Ra Ly GoA A@ Ly NoB GoA GoA p 01 R a G 0 I'Ag 0A A Ly A Ly Pe Ly GoA V NoA 6 . A@, 4 R a R a Ly Ra GoA 0 Ly W Ly GoA Ra cu Ly 41 GoA Ra Ra 41 Ra r q, _A 7/ I-A mg Pe a 'g y a G oA Ra Oc 2260000 FEET (Joins lower right) Ly No @'!OA Ly Go pe NoA -a m G oA Oc Pe OV, Pe oA@ Ly Ly E G 6-A R a R Pe @v UL @y <J-I\ -7- Ra EET 2 6@000 F 4000-FOOT GRID TiCKS mg BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 80 (Joins sheet 73) Pe ILy y NoA N GOA Ly S Oc GOA Pe LO GOA 17A Go GOA Ra Ra APe GOA GOA GOA Ra Lo@ LycNoA Z BOA GOA Ly Oc Pe Lo 41 cl. ds R a Pe R a NoA Ly Ly GOA G Pe GOA NoA R a DuA Pe LL DuA 0 cu GOA Pe By 0 GOA Pe 0 NcA Ra 0 c Pe Ra Oc M9* Ly Ly Ly .1 GoA Pe Ra Ly GOA NoA NoA GOA NoA Pe NoA GOA GOA Ly mg cu Le Ly Oc R Pe Ra DuA 0 c V e GOA N.A mg GOA GOA R a R a P R a Ly p a GOA GOA NoA DuA e GOA GOA P e B p Ly 0 c e M g P e P e GOA GOA NoA GOA GOA 0 Ly Ly P e Le 4, 0 GOA MA GOA 0 0 0 Oc GOA Coirlege r@A Be Ly No 0 0 1@ Pa k NoA Le V 71 Oc G A m GOA v co NOS DuA c/) R p e Le 41 Ly 0 @p I 0 GOA RA CN.A) NoA tofk " - Le GOA NoA 7.oA Bp mg M97. C GOA NoA Ka NoA NoA DUB 17A@ GOA Pe 0 Ra Ly G(A Ly GO NoA GOA 0 Ly 0 Sa-- NoA 0 Ly NOS 4oA GOA Pe Ra Ly GOA oB M62 NoA mg N.A- L, Be, Ly OB 0 GOA 10A - BOB G 0 DUB 0 GOA GOA BOB Re Songaree oc N- Wa Ly e mg 0 G A NoA oA 0 0 (Ly 0 Pe GOA uA Bp R a NoA R NoB GOA BOB N A GOA @Jl Oc e BOB Le NOS DUB pe v u GOA Ly Oc o GOA Ra Re Le Ri@ o R a 00- I NOS UoA M GOA 0 c L 0 c GOA GOA SOB BOA GOA 15 Ly GOA DUB )Pe GOA Ra Pe Ly A, NOA, BOB c GOA @y Ly a Pe pe Ra @4 :N*A NoB (Joins sheet 86) GOA I BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 85 (Joins sheet 78)1 1 Ra o L Be Ba P - / I f Pe Al t L 0 GoA c t pk 'CEAN y p c t y Wt -;-R Cat, GoA q @-ii t Pk .: fI\ Pk FRANC Pk k MARION Pk ok, ..I Pe pa Ra Ba Ra U (-;au GoA rPk LU p 2D Go aD c t :2 NoA ct 8.. 0 k p Zi oB Pk mg o 9! N B e (Joins lower left) Pk Pk 2@ Be o Pk P k Pk ct ct Pk Pk t m ci Ca RANCIS .!2 NATIONAL OP.-RST* MARION NA@j@@AL Creek rut not ct J c t- 69 p /Pk@l C Pk vp1 c t 0 CEB P k C c t iool lo" Pk N\ 3000 AND 4000-FOOT GRID Ik Pk @Pk Wt @IP @j "@e@Pk Pk Pk (Joins inset) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 86 (Joins sheet 80) pe BoB 8 1 a '@y GoA@L @F; c BoB GoA NoA N U Ly GoA NoB 00 Pe Ra GoA k Le NoA r- oc NoR OT a Ra Nd@ )UB roA Ra DUB Ra NoA NoA 26 GoA D ME Be 0 Y Ra 8 0 GoA NOB GoA B p Ly GoA :z P Ly B 0 oc 0 0 pol mg Noa Ly Le GoA Ly Bp DuA GOA BoB @C, A .9- Ag Ly L)c L Carorni Pk vinage t c DuA ct 0 G Le NoB GoA AU 0 7' mg( 3 Bp w 0 UR oc Mg 0 0 0 1 L I Le Katohy 44ft pino e DuA Mg DuA m NOA oc Le GoA GoA :,;g\., DUB Ly N i@?N.B UD. ocl 0 0 GoA Re GoA DiuA DUB 2 Ly NoB Sa DuA 0 DUB Le 0 0 9 GoA M Mg Ra DUB DUB Pe 0 Le cp 0 0 A Lo I 1 2 265 000 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 81 1 2 go onn P PT CvA 4@1 00 m KA CvA DuB DuA G.A q Wa DuB N A @Cv A M g y DuA mp W a @@_N DuB @G. @4 M g Le Wa Ra Wa GoA Ly DUB mg ci Ly r)uA m 1- mg DuA 0 mg NoA 7 G- 0 A DuB .vIyI g NoA BoA Wa Wa mg Dub mg mg GoA mg DuA DuA mg DuB mg DuA mp DuA M p L e DuA GoA L e NoB M g sa DuA .9 DuB mg 0 DuB L DuA DoB Le si Le GoA mg DuB mp mg Ly w DuA Le Le DUA D uP, A G.:) DuA 9 UuA OT We NoA r45 1 uA Moun@ Le Le Ho[I 0 Le DuB mg DuA DuB mg 1'\\@D u jAn, m DuA Lu i)uA Le Le DuA mg N; a, A mp Le Le '/@IUA _@Du B Dui@ 'n, Le Le DuA juiater NIP Le mp s mp M g@ ,Ig 0 mg mg BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 82 0 (Joins sheet 75) Be I I CP CvA Be vA e 9 Sa 9 W N 4b Be Wa Wa Wa UD CP BH (A BH Wa BRANCH Le CoA Mg CP MR Wa COOP&R We Be DuA 10 MR MR Le C P c P W a B H---\ W a GoA 0 41, M P M g M g W a L e 0 Mp M g B H Fq-j MR CoA CIO, War UD C A DuA BH MP CP Wa MR We We UD CvA M Wa Wa Wa BH MR Du Hagan Wa OB MR MR BH Island ... . ... We Cypress co 8H Gardens We BH BH cvP CvA 0 Wa UD a C B W a M g M WA 0 M g 0 CvB UD c P C.A 0'. 0@! ft MR W DuA MR 0 W MR we! 5 CvA W Le -As 0 DUB DUB U UD W a M g e 8 H 0 W a M g 0 M P B H M P W a -4@ Wa Wa 0 MR 0 MR 0 1) DUB We M g BH MR 0 We Mp 0 9 M P c P 0 W a e WaW Le B H c P DuA 8 H M P Mg DUB BH I 0 DUB We Le MR CP '7 We u;,7 M MR oleau Pri a PAP CP mg -MP BH BH Mp Wa MR DuA We mg MP MP DuA DuA U S NAVAL wate Du ESERVATI N MR ater w mg We CP W water 'We Le w Poins sheet 88) 1 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 83 2 340 000 FEET B 9A Cp G,,A M p, Pe F: water Dull water uA W e ater BOB M g BOB GOA G.A mg GOA BH mg NoA NoA GOA COB Ly) 11 -- ' I GOA GoA Ii BH BH BH BH 90b Ly Lu 4-- e GOA BOA Nlg NOB Ly F m @g BH GOA BOB mv 'I mg- 11 KH Ly \ (.( I \-\ mg GOA GuA BH w Ra DuA 6 mg NoB NoA w g BOB BH Ly NoA GOA 6a ;[email protected] CVB BH R a 0 c' A BOB D.A\\@ LY mg Ly VP GOA N 0 'Ay/' Pe ko COB GOA Ly mg 8s. GOA Ly buB 04 DuA Be mg G 0-A. GOA Go/ DuA COB COB Ly Be 'buB I--- I Oc mg Le Ly 0 DuA C, DuA Sa L"q g BH mg Ly E@ Le CvB DuA Be 7r fjl- I I I I 'I % DuA Le -1, 1-C BH M. '@@uB B, mg \in? COB e Be CvB S a mg r C P B p cop. COB int mg Le mg B` COB mg Be Wa COB -71 0 D k iA sa GOA B e Le, DuB sa uub L. Sa J @-A n- A \'J' II 08 P. COA 'o C D.A W PC COB Le' .@@N mg n Le DuA Sa DuA COB DuA mg COB DuA A Le D B int' Le U B Le mg UB "'Sa Le DuB se D mg BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTF CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 84 (Joins sheet 77) 1 N@B Pe GoA e e Co Pe NoB N Ly GOA GOA GOA Pe GOA Pe mg NoB NoA GOA Ly I B e B e Ly GOA mg GOA A GOA Pe Ra 8 NoB Ly B e GOA NoA GOA e Be NoA GOA Ly u- 0 Pe Be,. 0 0 Ly GOA Ly GOA GOA 41 Be Ly ch.j COB A Go DUB Ly Be Ly m g\. Ly B e Pe GOA GOA Pe Ly Pe GOA NoB GOA mg 102 Le ;QB BOB Go Pe GOA Pk Pk 0 Ly 0 Ct 0 @@FR Le MARION NATIONAL C.14 GOA GOA Ly GOA m BOA u e Pk e BOA Ct 0 (2@@ ;- -t--<--l I -"l. , 1 cl Ga6 GOA Ct Pk Ly Pa Ra 0 k P$( 0 Ly 0 GOA Ly C t q, GOA 0 0 0 c L NoB P k Ra. 0 GOA 0 GOA 0 GOA GOA Ly Pe GOA 00 GOA 0 0 Pe GOA GOA Ly Ly Pe NoA B e BOA COB (IoA -" GOA V Pe Pe Pe + Pe -oA GOA pe R ranck DuA Pe GOA Go GOA Ly pe y GuA' GOA Ly' R a 1 2 365 000 FEET(joinS sheet 90) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 87 2 290 000 FEET I 9 DuA DuA L e Le if DLA MD Le Mg Le Brick DuA Ln GOA DuA DuA 'L LA Le Mg Le NoA L M g g M g DuA Di,B Le e Bound I GOA 'Le. DuA Le JA i 9 L e @DuA, Le (@B @e y D.A DuA Le Mg Le Le MP u Swamp Le Wa Le MO Mg DuA Le "top, MP r 0 M. MP. N A 0 GOA DuA M g Le NoA =e Le COB MP 0 VV a u C,@ A DuA GOA DuA MP COB L P. DuB DuA I\ DuA -y Du3 V, Wa COB L DuA DuB Wa Mg Mg Wa MP Ly Wa gnsc@ AU DuB B W Mg GOA I C oA L e DuA S X Mg E I ,@oA D u Wa @/l A "\,-- -@ _ I Z I , I I CuP L CvA \Z', \y J s,\ DuB FA g Ly DuA DuA /M. D'B B DuB \7@\ 0 GOA M g M 9 C09 DUB Mg "ter DuQ 'I Le Wa M C,3 -)UA@- 9 !rlI 52) M No"'@P IN a , I I/- Wj J D@,A B DuA 0 kva,-- Wa W 0 lu. GO DuA Wa N'! CR DuA CV8 Rl VOIR Lel a@@8eje Dt 8 (Joins sheet 91 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 88 0 (Joins sheet 8 2) Wa I I I z I L@. CP m mg W DuB DuA Wa p water N mg BH W a mg BH W 7 Le DuA Wa mg Wa F5031 mp Be w CVB mg, Wa T Wa' (v 0 mg 0 4P W a CvB Le Le LL Wa Sa 0 COB c) CvB COB 07 DA Be mg CoB 0 CvB 7 mg Le Be CvA T Wa 0 mg ri CP Wa UVB BH 4, Le u S NAVA mg Wa C CvB mg Be Bp Wa @AiIa CvB Wa CvB Wa CvA CvB 13H 2 RESERVATION Bp m 0 0 CVB mg 0 Wa mg Wa 0 CVB Wa mg 01 0 N Wa CvB Be COB DuA m Le CVB Sp mg COB SH 0 Wa W 0 mg mg 'A Be CVB Wa DuB CO p 0 CvB CvA DuA 0 CoB mg 0 ).T W . A. . . . I GOA L e 0 CvB 0 Bp DuA CVB mg CVB Wa Bp Be CVB Be 0 AU Be DuA 0 0 Le CvA 0 0 BF4 BH We BH We mg DUA o Bp . SH CvA o W-q) Big 6H F5-0 31 Island Le W CP mg BH water DuA Wa COB BH Le CP BH Le DuA COB UuB Vy a CV8 DuB Be Bola mg DuB COB 9 BH Cvq BH M g Bi D A DuA - Island, 4 @d-B I 2315000FEE (Joir 1 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 89 T mg DUB Sa Le ca'@ DL;13 ) @ Be Le DUB DuA mg sa Cos F)uA 8H p mg c Be Le Le B p @sg so slvalll@ DUB Wa BH BOB Le DuA Le-' DUB Le mg Ct GOA Le mg DUB oc COB Due @Duo NoA g GOA NuB C. t Le DUB DUB DuA Le oc GoA BOA DuA Le 00 Le 0 NoB < mg DUB DuA DuA mg DuA A' I y GOA 6.F Co be;@i mg NoB Le D,!R Le DuA CoA mg Bra ?ch DuA DUB 2. DUB DuA Be DUB Ly Le D j DUB co 49 BOA , Z - I Le -j mg m LJ Pe 0 r BOA Li 10 mg GOA GOA "OA. BOB \@7/ B-13 L W DuA DuA BOA L r-A __Ij GOA A U Mud mg CP DuA Le CaB CnA CP Le mg LuB 9 L CP \---i jo DUB mg BoB GOA BH- - e C Ip NoB BOB BOA NoA Q2 GOA Le CvA wa COB GOA Ly mg BH Le mg GoA " @) lAg mg (@N BOB Le !-IAG@OAI Be 1 y R a \11 L y DuB C t Wt Pk L e Fg-81 I (R a C GoA L y F- F- BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 90 Ly (Joins sheet 84) GOA e 0 N DuA Pe Ly tm Pe Ly GOA Ra Ly GOA Co 8 Ly Ct Pe Pe GOA COB Pe GOA Ct Be Ly Ly @ Pe @Pe BOB Wt GOA Le Ly Ly Ly Pe Ly Ly u- Ct Ct Pe 0 0 Pk Ly Pe Re Ly P'e wt Ra P@e Ly R a Pe G o Re GOA 41 Pe oc wt wt Pe y Ct Pe Pk Ra oc wt Pk Ly Pk Ct o 41 oc 0 Pk Wt Ct 0 Pk Pe 0 0 Ct Pk 04 < o 0 F cis CaB ARIO Pe NATIONAL FO m Lo CaB Pk Fe. u V) wt Ct Ct GOA Pk Ra Ly Pe Pk Ly GOA GOA y R a Ly 0 Wt 0 NoB 0 Lo C a ma GOA Pk Ly c' Pk Ra wt 41 Pk NoA wt Ra mg GOA GOA Pk k Le Pk GOA o Ly Ct GOA wt Lo CvA M . Ct Ct BOA Pk Pk L o Le Pk C COB mg- NoB Wt Ct Wt wt Ct Pk --------- T2 3-65 C I(Joins sheet 94) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 91 2 290 000 FEET cvb VIV a -timg (joins sheet 87) 1 g f JVl g Wa V@f Ilk O.A) Be LuB c (,(/, / - - L DuA -Rv-, --@IWA]a ct UD 0 BoA G a BoA DuA Be g GoA M CoB water BoA M g B e u 0 m g M g BoB DuA ul Le L e Lv 0 NoH Le DuA z 90, Wa < '---ou 0 Je < mg L DUB u -9 D u P La Le 0 2- - E @. 0 DuA Le Le DUB GOOSE DuA W 2@ DuA CREEK mg DUB Le RESERVOIR -j DuA mg x yl, DuA .LJ mg Wa DuA k;0b mg Be L DUB Wa Be Du Wa S@5 DuA LuB c @t@i D CcS BA 4- D BoB 6oA (Join BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 92 0 1 (Joins sheet 88) 1 1 1 VB 3H Lt2B 4-1 mg CV6 SH (&8H mg, BH N CvB BO@ DuB BH DuA BH mg Le --- 0 Wa Be Se '13) D.B COB Creek ;r BH DuB Be 111-N CvA Be Wa GOA Be GOA BH BH GOA CvA Lo BOB mg \BH COB BH F5031 ac B B COB 0 o Be CvB 0 Wa Oc DuB COB BOB GOA e B e CvB B e CVB D BOA C A W a B e COB Be BH CVB NuA e COB DuB BoBB DuB CvB CVB CVB Be Pe DuB BOB CMD Be Wa Bp CL Be Pe DuA BOB Oc BOB DuA B BH DuB Be COB DuB B IS* e BOB BOB CVB 0 Oc COB 0 Pe 0 COB NoB GOA 0 c NoB Le 0- 0 C-N 0 Du Pe Pe (COB COB Oc 0 mg NoA cn BOA 0 GOA 0 BOB NoB Oc DuB GOA CvA U S DuB AVA RESERVAT N mg BOB 41 Na Ba NoA GOA 08 Wilson 0 Le GOA mg 0 Le GOA BOB cl mg CV8 00 DuA GoA '4@ BOB DuA DuB 0 BOB M g Ct 0 DuB BOB DuS e 0 DuB roum L; 013 'Pond COB, e COB DuB 'Pt 0 DuB R a BOB 0 8H BOA mg COB CP Ly Sn COB GOA po N COB 10. BOB Be 0 DuS up y CvA Ba 7:11 -Zl BH COB, 0 COB Nu M a COB U BH W& H CvA W.0 outs vB, .,CvA Wa wa 'fart H w v Be 2 315 000 FLET (Joins sheet 96) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 93 2 340 000 FFET 'DUB @AQR./ B e@- Le Ly P @k GOA Le Rzi C ,, A c t BOB Vl/ t c t L y R a m 9 -j LB . DuA B ........... Ly I Ra Ra 9 GOA mg mg irt L e g Ly BH DuB DUB BH BOA Pk GOA 1-7 BH A BH BOA UB B H BOA -H ct 'Ag 1) BH/ m g- RoA mg E3H BW v BH CoA Pk BH BH e Le Ly Pe GOA Pk oc CaB GoA BH BOB Ly 411 ------ Vl@\ Pe CaB Ly ,k@w t f CaB BOB Ra CaH BH ct GOA ct Pk oc, wt B e Pk C ------ DuA Li 0 c Lu P t w wt Lli Pk wt co B H/ Ra Pk Pk W I uU, t w c t w t w I DuA ct Le wt t t w \N GoA Pk wt VV w R a Pk wt CaB ct Le /--caB w t Pk x Pk DUB wt ct C, c t wt BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH; CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 94 NoB (Joins sheet 90) Plk I wt N wt ct Lo ct Pk ct c Pk wt Pk ct Pk ct c t Pk w GoA Pk ct wt ct Pk Pk 0 ct Pk Pk ct Wt mg FRANCIS m 10 NA ONAL FOR@'ST mp Pk wt wt mg mp Lo wt ct L ct Pk mg CP CP ct 0 ct ct 0 0 mg CP Lo ct 0 - 0@! wt u ct mg 0 Pk c t Gt w t mg 0 0 CP P k@ FRAP Pk CP Ly- 0 0 ct 4) Ill -0-01 0 o mg p 0 0 wt p :a 0 0 wt CP 0 10 0 Pk GoA wt Ly Ly mg @AX mg 0 CP CP poil 5 000 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 95 2 290 000 FEET L 11) LuB DuA CP Q, B o A ER CP mg CP BOB BOA m Du CP Ly CoA m BOB 9 GoA G cA CP GOA BOA Nc.-R CP H n GOB GOA mg oc BOA CoA GOA z GOA p .9 a NoB o ki E NoB NoA ji -j NoA 30 BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA - SHEET NUMBER 96 (Joins sheet 92) 1 1 1 N Wa W w C B CvA Wa CvA CvA BOB BH Wa CVB Wa B e DtjA BH 8H CoB Wa LuB 'S Wa Wa CvA Wa CvA DuB COB u- 0 0 Wa 0 COB DuA B H BOB B H B H 8 H C P CaB Le F z A U B p CvA BOB we.er M BH AU BH Bp u S NAVAL RESERVATION o COB CaB 0 North Ct BOB DuA 0 Charleston 0 0 Ct wt AU o I SH CoopF, 0 0 0 Can o 0 BH BH N@ o 0 x. 4 o BH BH o Broad c P Creek 4 H k@ Go 2315000*EEf (Joins sheet 98) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 97 Pk Fk Ct Pk t Wt Pk R@R Ct Ct Pk BoA Ct 1/0 Ct Pk Lo Ct F3 H. Pk Pk Ct Pe Pk Pk Pk L;T W w t wt Ra 1 /Wt Ct) wt c( wt wt mg Ct Lo CaB DuA GoA f Wt Lo Ra Ct wt Lo Pk Ct GoA A - Wa Be R. F' tj@ C N1 g@/ -g Ct B H Pk p CvA mg CP BP Aft Be Wa Wa 00 M. BH Be -j Le CP CP Wa R H 8H Wa IQ C P H N \V1 BH BH CP )c P BH BE, B H CP Be C P R H mg se B H Wa CP nmg Rodent Point Hope Island Wa B11 (81sland CP @w @t P -toL L c1t @Pk [email protected] Dutch an CP CP Rattons Ra Island:a mg BEA CP H '-e QF 'BH Ra H CP I BEA CP V9) BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTF CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 98 (Joins sheet 96) N GoA Le Mg BH CaB water B H c P Wa LL 0 Wa 0 oc Mg 0 Bo BH Wa Wa rp Gp c P Wa Thomas Island S. CP W M9 a cVB BH Wa Le C) NOB 0 water 0 0 -2, ca 8H Le M @4 9 u (n 0 k0i BH di CP 0 BH 0 CP A, DUB 0 0 0 GoA "t DUB 0 0 0 BH X11 '@x 12 315 000 FEET BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 99 12 340 000 FEET (Joins sheet 97) Wa I rp c@ R Dvr, Li p BH Wa BH IZA 13H -o Ra 4 wo L Wa BH ---\ -,/ I St CP Ra Ra Ra BH CP DuA IN-, I f--, '@ BH BH U Mg D.A Ra CP mg Poin@@Hope Islan CP BH CP CP -01 t c .:-. . CP DuA DuA r Ra/ BFI DuA Ra B BH H Olt- c Wa -DuA BH DuA 10, DUA 0) 0 z BH 1< z V.. wAiLri-i" Ra\- jv"y < OA BH WAftLESTON g DuA oooo'@ Qln BoA >: BoA F- z NA 10 u Ld 2 W LLJ co /001@ @1\"@ @W- cp \)u@A B.A BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SHEET NUMBER 100 N AfP WMA BH @ gr MW 5, c) @T 0 0 C (D 0 0 0 0 12 315 000 FEET FOREST SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOUTH CAROLINA LAND RESOURCES CONSERVATION COMMISSION SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE BERKELEY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION CONVIEHMNAL AND SPECIAL SVMBGLS LEGEMB SOIL LEGEND The first capital letter is the initial one of the soil name. The second letter is lower caw for a nar- SPEaAL SM BOLS FOR rowly defined unit and a capital for a broadly defined unit. 1 / The third letter, if used, is a capital CUL'TURAL FENTURES, and connotes slope class. Symbols without a slope letter are-for nearly level soils, or in some cases SUL SURVEV for a broadly defined unit. BOUNDARIES MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES SOIL DELINEATIONS AND SYMBOLS SYMBOL NAME National, state or province Farmstead, house ESCARPMENTS (omit in urban areas) AU Aquic Udifluvents County or parish Church Bedrock (points down slope) Ba Bayboro loam Be Bethe'a loam Minor civil division School Other than bedrock .......... BH Bohicket association (points down slope) BoA Bonneau loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes Indian BoB Bonneau loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes Reservation (national forest or park, Indian mound (label) Mound SHORT STEEP SLOPE ............. Bp Borrow pits state forest or park, By Byars loam and large airport) Located object (label) oTower GULLY CaB Cainhoy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes CP Capers association COA Caroline fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Land grant Gas CoB Caroline fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Tank (label) 0 DEPRESSION OR SINK 0 CS Chastain association, frequently flooded Ct Chipley-Echaw complex Cu Coxville fine sandy loam Limit of soil survey (label) Wells, oil or gas 6 SOI L SAMPLE SITE 0 CVA Craven loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Field sheet matchline & neatline (normally not shown) CvB Craven loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Windmill MISCELLANEOUS DuA Duplin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes AD HOC BOUNDARY (label) Kitchen midden Blowout 1@1 DuB Duplin fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ;L GoA Goldsboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes Small airport, airfield, park, oiffield, Le Lenoir fine sandy loam cemetery, or flood pool Clay spot -X_ LO Leon fine send STATE COORDINATE TICK I LuB Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes Gravelly spot 00, Ly Lynchburg fine sandy loam LAND DIVISION CORNERS L _L + -r.L- Mg M g ettt loam (sections and land grants) MYER FEATURIES Gumbo, slick or scabby spot (sodic) 0 MP M:gget clay loam ROADS NoA Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes Dumps and other similar NoB Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes Divided (median shown DRAINAGE non soil areas Oc Ocilla loamy fine sand if scale permits) Prominent hill or peak Pa Pamlico muck Other roads Perennial, double line Pe Pantego fine sandy loam Rock outcrop Pk Pickney loamy fine sand Trail Perennial, single line (includes sandstone and shale) Ra Rains fine sandy loam Saline spot + Sa Santee loam ROAD EMBLEM & DESIGNATIONS Intermittent Se Seagate loamy sand Sandy spot I nterstate Drainage end TA Tawcaw association, frequently flooded Severely eroded spot UD Uclorthents Federal Canals or ditches We Wahee lo m Slide or slip (tips point upslope) Wt Witherbee fine sand State Double-line (label) CANAL Stony spot, very stony spot 0 M 1.1 Delineations generally are much larger and the composition of the unit is apt to be more variable than for others in the survey area. Mapping has been controlled well enough, however, for the County, farm or ranch Drainage and/or irrigation anticipated uses of the soils. Borrow pits (less than 4 acres) 0 RAILROAD LAKES, PONDS AND RESERVOIRS POWER TRANSMISSION LINE -------------- Perennial (normally not shown) PIPE LINE P__4 (normally not shown) Intermittent 1"t II J FENCE (normally not shown) MISCELLANEOUS WATER FEATURES LEVEES Marsh or swamp Without road Spring 0- With road Well, artesian With railroad III III oil III Well, irrigation .0. DAMS Large (to scale) Wet spot Medium or small PITS Gravel pit Mine or quarry 80'00' 33 o 30' C N, , Pi 2 MOW, dnoq 0 r t. Step n o501 6 00 R SO u SAN@-P 52 &, ,,@J,tMEMO,ITRT@ 17A ED009 00 80'20' n 1 1 *3 MAZ-q14 0 79* 27 Af 00 176 7 r, 0 rie TIO 4AL E@ rCD@ no 0 00 ey lar Huger 217 A 7 cz MP )un CD CD FF 'i C-) 'A. Illy Islan 92000"s, 000 270 X 33000 CD zi e T; CREEK 01V 6, ando 0 F-51 T0309, dDOW 99' 3 6668 00004 1618 -