[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
FINAL REPORT for the COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM entitled A STUDY OF PRIVATE SEWAGE SYSTEM REGULATIONS AND THEIR APPLICABILITY TO THE LAKE SUPERIOR CLAYEY TILL PLAIN Submitted by Sandra Dee Schultz, County Conservationist Ashland, Bayflqld, Douglas and Iron Counties Land Conservation Department Forward. This project is a result ofpersonal experience with replacing afailed septic system. Through this process, it became apparent that there was a lack ofunderstanding ofthe clayey till soilsfound on the Lake Superior clay plain. Through the Land Conservation Department's association with the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)ISoil Survey Project in Ashland, we were able to develop a program to address this need The opportunity to improve the knowledge, skills and professionalism of the Certified Soil Testers-Morphologic in Northern Wisconsin, is one that will he appreciated by those desiring to locate homes or businesses in northern Wisconsin as well as those who already enjoy our unique quality oflife. Special Thanks to Kim Goerg, Soil Survey Project Leader, Carl Lippert DILHR Wastewater Specialist; Lad Strzok, CSTX Dave Lee, former Bayfleld County Zoning Administrator; and the Ashland Agricultural Research Stationfor use of the facilities. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION Current evaluation techniques to determine suitability of clayey till soils for private sewage systems are Qr- inadequate due to the need for soil morphology training, insufficient understanding of permeability, and V_ inconsistent application of the current regulations governing private sewage systems. This foo misunderstanding of red clayey till soils causes undo expense to landowners replacing or constructing rn private sewage facilities and causes a potential source of pollution by limiting the method of waste @_n treatment along the Lake Superior clayey till plain. v-" PROJECT LOCATION -9 rtr) Clayey till soils found along the Lake Superior Clayey Till Plain. (See Figure I & I A). EXPECTED RESULTS This project was designed to: 1. demonstrate the need for laboratory analysis of the physical properties of soil samples taken for the purpose of recommending and constructing private sewage systems; and 2. demonstrate the need for additional specialized training in determining the morphology of clayey till soils, to include horizonation, structure and mottling; and 3. recommend modifications to the existing approved mound system design; and 4. develop criteria to identify rural septage as nonpoint source pollution and thereby eligible for cost-sharing through the Wisconsin Priority Watershed Program. WORK PRODUCTS .. 1. Written evaluations of the educational workshop to determine the need for future similar workshops. '7 Written report of the comparison of hand-textural analysis completed by a CSTM vs laboratory S ysis results of the same samples. 592.367 :commendation to DILHR for reevaluating current soil testing procedures as they pertain to S38 ils found along the Lake Superior Till Plain. 1995 -commendation outlining alternatives and/or modifications to the existing approved mound n. Phase I Soil Analysis METHODOLOGY OF SOIL ANALYSIS 1. Certified Soil Testers-Morphologic (CSTMs) collected soil samples from private lands designated for home construction or replacement of failedseptic systems. . 2. CSTMs labeled samples and identified results of hand texturing the sample. 3. Samples were received by the Land Conservation Department and submitted to the UW Soil and Forage Analysis Laboratory in Marshfield for physical analysis. 4. Samples were submitted in one batch to insure consistency in analysis procedures. RESULTS OF COMPARISON OF HAND-TEXTURING vs LABORATORY PHYSICAL ANALYSIS - Refer to Figure 2for a visual comparison Although 23% of the samples matched both hand texturing and laboratory results, the remaining 77% were educated guesses at best. Even USDA Soil Scientists, when classifying soils by texture, rely heavily on laboratory physical analysis for final textural classification when dealing with clay till soils. As indicated in Figure 2, most of the samples lie near the boundaries between textural classes. According to the Soil and Site Evaluation Handbook, published by DILHR (p. I 8;publ. SBD-9046- P(R.02/93)) and intended as a guide for completing soil evaluations for private sewage systems: Field estimates are subject to error. They need to be checked against laboratory determinations ofparticle-size distribution, and thefield criteria should be adjusted as necessary. The soil scientist should not attempt to estimate texture with greater precision than isjustifted by the reliability of field estimates. For most soils, for example, attempting to distinguish loanifrom silt loam isfutile if the textures of the samples are near the boundary between the classes. These statements outline the need to verify field evaluations by including supporting laboratory data in the final Soil and Site Evaluation Report (Figure 3). Because textural class, expressed numerically, is one component used in determining the breakpoint as to the type and size of systems that can be used, it is important to represent the sample accurately. By including these results, more accurate recommendations would be made. Recommendation: As part of the application process, require supporting laboratory analysis of the physical composition of red clayey till soil samples determined by hand- texturing to be on or near the boundary between textural classes. Phase 11 Training Session RESULTS OF TRAINING SESSION A training workshop entitled "Soils Training Workshop For Certified Soil Testers-Morphologic" was held on Friday July 21, 1995 at the Ashland Agricultural Research Station (see Figure 4). The workshop was designed to: I .Provide CSTMs with an opportunity to conduct soils investigations on red clayey till soils (practice pits). 2. Provide CSTMs with information regarding proposed modifications to the existing I regulations governing private sewage facilities. 3. Offer CSTMs specialized training in the morphologic evaluation of red clayey till soils found on the Lake Superior till plain and specifically targeting permeability, texture and structure. US Department of Commerce NOAA Coastal Services Center Library 2234 South Hobson Avenue Charleston, SC 29405-2413 The workshop was attended by twenty-five CST`Ms and local Zoning Officials from around the Lake Superior area and from the Lake Michigan area. Program agenda included: -Early morning discussion included updates on proposed rule changes regarding private sewage systems by Carl Lipp6rt/DILHR Wastewater Specialist; -Mid morning field exercise evaluating soils in Test Pits 1, 2 and 3 by all; -Late morning classroom discussion of test pits and properties of red clayey till soils by Kim Goerg/'USDA-NRCS/Soil Survey Project Leader. Structure, texture and permeability of red clayey till soils were topics covered during the late morning session. Each of these characteristics isa critical component in the determination of the type of treatment system allowable on site and also dictates how raw sewage disposal is handled. Structure Red clayey till soils, for the purpose of private sewage facilities, were thought to have massive structure. This criterion alone would prohibit the use of any sewage system except the holding tank, under Wisconsin Administrative Code. If Lake Superior clayey till soils are evaluated at their optimum moisture content, moderate to strong structure is apparent (optimum moisture is AL= for &X soLl@ . This clarification will allow for mound systems and other alternative treatment systems and reduce the waste disposal problems ftom pumping holding tan]ks. Permeahffiftff tu and _tdraulic Conductivi& Permeability is a function of both tex re structure. For many soils, texture alone has considerable impact on the degree of permeability. To determine the permeability class, compare the textural classification with permeability, then review other factors to make the final determination (i.e. structure, density, pore size, organic matter, clay mineralogy, or other factors within the pedon). Table I identifies the various hydraulic conductivity classes and Figure 17 lists maximum wastewater infiltration rates for soil absorption systems (both table I and figure 17 are from the Soil and Site Evaluation Handbook, SBD-9046-P (R.02/93), DILHR, pp. 41 & 73-75). Table I is used to determine soil properties and Figure 17, once soil properties are determined, is used to identify the filter bed loading rates. These reference material appear to directly conflict. High and low clay content need to be defined as to their position on the textural triangle and supporting laboratory physical analysis should be provided to determine the hydraulic conductivity class and the soil absorption system loading rate. As this handbook is written, the breakpoints between the categories for both table I and figure 17 are ambiguous. Questions also arise how clayey soils (soils with greater than 40% clay content) could possibly be considered to support a filter bed for a conventional system. This clay content alone would indicate reduced permeability and an increased risk of failure. The information contained in the tables should be revisited to determine clarity and accurateness. The information provided by USDA-NRCS/Soil Survey (copies provided in Appendix B) aids in making field evaluations of soils based on location in the landscape, location in MLRA 92 (see figure IA), and proximity to Lake Superior. Until supporting laboratory data is required for certified soil tests, this information can be used to infer if a site has adequate permeability for the selected private sewage systems. This information can also be valuable in making determinations whether sewage sludge can be spread on certain soil types, thereby reducing runoff potential from cropped fields. A Text As discussed on previously. PROGRAM EVALUATION The response to the Training Workshop was very positive. Appendix A, at the back of this report, contains written responses regarding the training course. Program Evaluation, cont. Recommendation: Repeat this training course at afuture date. A similar course could also be offered at various locations. DIL, HR should work with local USDA -NRCSISoil Survey Projects to coordinate region specific agendas. UW-Extension or Land Conservation Departments should help to coordinate the programs. Additional training should help to improve the knowledge and skills ofthe certified soil testers and ultimately help reduce the amount of untreated sewage beingpumped by utilizing the natural red clayey till soilfiltersfor treatment (under moun' d systems). Ultimately, this should help to reduce the risk of runoff of sludge spread onfields, reduce the number offailing septic systems by offering alternatives to a monthly pumpingfee, and reduce the number of overflowing holding tanks in the Lake Superior Clayey Till Plain (MLRA 92). Items Not Addressed Under This Grant The scope of the project became very focused after beginning the work. Items outlined as expected results but were not addressed as part of this project due to time constraints or new information: Expected Result 43 - Recommending modifications to the existing mound system design. DILHR is currently reviewing alternative sanitary treatment systems through their regular program evaluation. Expected Result #4 - No criteria were developed to identify rural seepage as nonpoint source pollution and thereby eligible through the Wisconsin Priority Watershed Program for cost-share dollars. A program called the Wisconsin Fund already exists. Recommend- ations were made to the Priority Watershed Program, however, for each Management Plan to discuss the importance of properly functioning private sewage systems and the role they play in fight for clean water. 0 r 9 0 U N T I C A R L T 0 of C 0 U " I ------------------------ 9 T. L 0 U I S C a IqL a 7r AE)4-4! 0 JL Ir; 41t or CA ic X11T r -t a 1. 4 1 Via -NI -.a-! 1244 flya so "Is Ik W. al a CD Ob -n Fn c a-e ck 0 If z ;71 -fig a i a 31 1; 9. a IT, It JL JI 21:-4 61 o;ui -M-,o -TI 0 fn Lo 0 C3 C t*J r- tj A k wr t-4 a, F'IGURE MAJOR LAND-RESOURCE AREAS FOR WISCONSIN- Northern Michigan and Superior Lake Plain +d. Wisconsin Sandy Drift (14L.I%A 97.) T.e Central Wisconsin and 1 -Superior Stony Minnesota Thin! and Rocky Loamy Plains and Hills Loess and Till rl--,' _j -'I ...... - ----- dw Western N4b Michigan A 1-1 A A and North- _1 eastern Wisconsin ruit Belt Wisconsin and Minnesota C Sandy Outwash Northeastern Wisconsin Drift Northern Mississippi fI Plain Valley Loess Hills -7, -Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain LAND RESOURCE REGIONS LLINOIS Northern Lake States Northern Illinois and K----Forest and Forage Indiana Heavy Till Region Plain Lake States Fruit, L----Truck, and Dairy Region Land Resource Area Boundary Central'. Feed Grains Land Resource Region Boundary (or Area) and Livestock Region USDA-SCS Technical Guide, Section I-B 12/79 FIGURE 2: TEXTURAL TRIANGLE 100 LEGEND Rg.sULTS oF LABORA-PbRy FiA,@sic_AL_AWAL-qSIS (D 6AMPLE NUMBF-k vS. HANO T-ExTuzP%L ANNU-J.SIS Or-- LAf50RATbP_-j R414SICAL CIA - 3 Clay.Loam ANALYSIS R-E-SUL,rn-NT LP,i/cle SuPeRmR CLA-1E%/ TILL -SOILS Clay Loam f CLASS I McAT-IoN KArND1_CYTuRAL A44AC-jSI_S f 13 sar),ipjes rAt+c_1ic_- 80 IKESULTPNT [email protected] 2 Clay Loam LAb C_LASVFiCNTLDN- Loam 7 Saridf-loani 70 A- A ,A A A X - r ? A A A X Yr J-?-A-x lay J%1 A X ?"K_" roR I I I A 1 Silty Clay A X A-A I @ 1 -. A A 71-7. 7 'ilty Cld-y-lbarff --Ak AA--- P. A A A A P 60 C-Z-A-r-Mr, I%A/%AX A Al-r-,- A AAAAAFA Loam 0-@- "AA4- 4 1, r r 50 SO -PAL. sandy" cl Clay 8 Silty Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loaw I v w Silty Clay cla loam oam 30 13 Silty Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loam AAAA X AIN @;P&,&AAA W-IF-TWF. I 'h& aff sandy clay loam 109@j_�indt 5 A X . ..... 20 . . . . . . . . .--A PL A P1 04 Loam IL A T I x x I A &--A-A AA Sandy Loam 6 000 .,'-P %_k A A A oa A4je 166 ALAXAZZAAAA IA .P I loaffi oa Sandy A A A 6 1'% slit loam AAA,& XA X 'A A A 4.1 A A AWA .1. A A A "'7 A, u. A AAV@'%. AA &P,. A 10 k . , VV@ A I' A I- @Ik 1k A.-- A, x r. A A I -A loa It WN-Al A A S.Z.@ T T, 7 K.. ........... Sandy M d Sandy Sa 9 M PIP, it I 12 Loam percent sand 0 0 M NMI MAN 1-01111111-- M M M M 0 Wisconsin Department of Industry, SOIL AND SITE EVALUATION Figure Labor and Human Relations Page - of Division and Buildings in accordance with s. ILHR 83.09, Wis. Att ach complete site plan on paper not less than 8 1/2 x i i Inches in size. Plan must County include, but not limited to: vertical and horizontal reference point (BM), direction and `nt slope, scale or dimensions, north arrow, and location and distance to nearest mad. Parcel I.D. APPLICANT INFORMATION - Please print all infromation Reviewed by Date Personal information you provide may be used for secondary purposes (Privacy Law. s. 15.04 (1) (m)). Property Owner Property Location Govt. Lot 1/4 1/4,S T N,R E (or) W Property Owner's Mailing Address Lot Block Subd. Name or.CSM# City State Zip Code Phone Number Nearest Road City Village Town New Construction Use: Residential / Number of bedrooms Addition to existing building Replacement Public or commercial - Describe: Code derived daily flow gpd Recommended design loading rate _bed, gpd/ft2 trent,gpd/ft2 Absorption area required bed, ft2 trench, ft2 Maximum design loading rate _bed, gpd/ft2 trench, gpd/ft2 Recommended infiltration surface elevation(s) (as referred to site plan benchmark) Additional design/site considerations Parent material Flood plain elevation, if applicable ft S = Suitable for system Conventional Mound In-Ground Pressure AT-Grade System in Fill Holding TanK J - Unsuitable for system S U S U S U S U S U S U SOIL DESCRIPTION REPORT g# Horizon Depth Dominant Color Mottles Texture Structure Consistence Boundary Roots GPD/ft2 in. Munsell Qu. Sz. Cont. Color Gr. Sz. Sh. Bed Trench Ground elev. ft. Depth to limiting factor in. Remarks: loning ground ev. ft. depth to in. Remarks: ST Name (Please Print) Signature Telephone No. Address Date CST Number Soils Training > x Workshop For FTI Certified Soil Testm -Moiphologic -4. > Friday July 21, 1995 CD P 8:30 am - 1:00 pm U.W. Ashland Agricultural Research Station 4) t E SPONSORED BV C1 CL 4) Wisconsin Coastal Management Program (D ABDI - Land Conservation Department @4 00 Natural Resources Conservation Department '.. 0 'r.. '100 cc ?@ @z X't'j1) DILHR 0 It t'j 0 2: ON tA d) ca UW Agricultural Research Station W CIO r- Ci 0 a: tQ Pre- Registration Required ON 4 BV 3:00 p.m. Tuesday JULV 18, 1995 M -1 unch courtesy ofthe ABDUCD and the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program & catered by Ann Sk-uhin Program Agenda This Workshop Is designed to: PRESENTERS provide certified soil testers with Soils Training Workshop an overview ofsoil evaluation For CSTMs Kim Goerg techniques specific to red clayey Registration Soil Survey Project Leader till soilsfound on the Lake 8:00 am (Coffee & Rolls) USDA Natural Resources Superior till plain; Conservation Set-vice Provide certified soil testers with Welcome information concernihk proposed 8:15 am Sandy Schultz A Carl Lippert modifications to the existing Mike Mlynarek Wastewater Treatment Specialist regulations governing private Presentations Department ofIndustry, Labor sewagefacilities; and Human Relations qffer CSTMs specialized training 8:40 am Proposed modifications for the morphologic evaluation of to existing rules governing the red clayey till soilsfound on private sewage systems Mike Mlynarek the Lake Superior fillplain @pe- Carl Lippert Assistant Superintendent cifically targeting permeability 9:10 am Field Evaluations of Red Ashland Agricultural and structure, and Clayey Till Soils Research Station - Kim Goerg provide CSTUs a view of a 9:20 am Test Pit # I Sandy Schultz model cross section ofa conven- 9:50 am Test Pit # 2 County Conservationist tional system and mound system. 10:20 am Test Pit # 3 A BDI Land Conservation The model will be on display 11:00 am Classroom Discussion of Department during the workyhop Test Pits and Properties of Red Clayey Till Soils Kim Goerg For More Information Contact 11:50 am Open Discussion - All Ashland Bayfield Douglas Iron Land Conservation Department n ug C onto as Iro c n t 1 rtm t @epae]n Lunch 682-7187 12:00 pm Lunch provided JM Table I Guide for predicting" the class of .saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity from soil properties Class Soil P perties. Very High Fragment'dl. - Sandy with .'coarse sand or sand texture, and loose consistenc6' - More than 0.5 percent medium or coarser vertical pores with high continuity High - Other sandy, sandy-skeletal, or coarse-loamy soil material that is very friable, friable, soft or loose - When very moist or wet has moderate or strong granular ,tructure, or, strong blocky structure of any size or prismatic finer than very coarse, and many surface features except stress surfaces or slickensides on vertical surfaces of structural units - 0.5 to 0.2 percent medium or coarser vertical pores with high continuity Moderate - Sandy in other consistence classes except extremely firm or cemented - 18 to 35 percent clay with moderate structure except platy or with strong very coarse prismatic, and with common surface features except stress surfaces or slickensides on vertical surfaces of structural units - 0.1 to 0.2 percent medium or coarser vertical pores with high continuity Moderately Low - Other sandy classes that are extremely firm or cemented - 18 to 35 percent clay with other structures and surface conditions except pressure or stress surfaces - greater than or equal to 35 percent clay and .@moderate structure except if platy or very coarse prismatic, and with common vertical surface features except stress surfaces or slickensides - Medium or coarser vertical pores with high continuity percent but less,than 0.1 percent Low - Continuous moderate or weak cementation greater than or equal to 35 percent clay and meets one of the following: weak structure; weak structure with few or no vertical surface features; platy structure; common.or many stress surfaces or slickensides Very Low - Continuously indurated or strongly cemented and less than common roots - greater than 35 percent clay and massive or exhibits horizontal depositional strata and less than common roots -41- FIGURE 17 MAXIMUM WASTEWATER INFILTRATION RATES FOR SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEMS If the answer to the condition is yes, the infiltrative, exposed natural soil surface for the system shall be sized using the identified soil loading factor in gallons per square foot per day I t 2 0 3 Soil Conditio Trenches A. Is the soil texture of the entire profile 3 feet below the infiltrative surface extremely gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand or coarser? 0.4 0.44 B. Is the soil structure of the horizon moderate or strong platy? NP5,6 0.27 C. Is the soil texture of the horizon sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silt loam or finer, and the soil structure weak platy? N P'-1 '6 0.31 D. Is the moist soil consistence of the horizon stronger than firm or any cemented class? t NP5,6 NP5 '6 E. Is the soil texture of the horizon sandy clay, clay or silty clay of high clay content, and the soil structure massive or weak? NP, 6 NP-1 6 F. Is the soil texture of the horizon sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silt or silt loam and the soil structure massive? NP5 6 0.27 G. Is the soil texture.of the horizon sandy clay, clay or silty clay of low clay c6`ntent, and the soil structure moderate or strong? H. Is the soil texture of the horizon sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam or silt loam and the soil structure weak? 003 -73- I. Is the soil texture of the horizon sandy clay loam, clay-loam or silty clay loam, and the soil structure moderate or strong? 0.4 0.5 J. Is the soil texture of the hbrizon loam or sandy loam and massive soil structure? 0.3 0.4 K. Is the soil texture of the horizon loam or sandy loam and the soil structure weak? 0.4 0.5 L. Is the soil texture of the horiz6n sandy loam, loam or silt loam, and the soil structure moderate or strong? 0.5 0.6 M. Is the soil texture of the horizon very fine sand or loamy very fine sand? Or condition N below but with massive soil structure? 0.4 0.5 N. Is the soil texture of the horizon fine sand or loamy fine sand? 0.5 0.6 0. Is the soil texture of the horizon loamy sand, sand or coarse sand? 0.7 0.8 Footnotes for Figure 17 1. The infiltration rates may be adjusted due to crossing horizons at the proposed infiltrative surface. Where such conditions occur, a weighted average may be used to determine the infiltration rate. 2. The infiltration rates and soil conditions specified may be verified by the county or department, who may require modification of these rates, particularly where soil conditions exist that are not specifically referenced in this table. 3. A soil description report (SBD-8330) shall be completed for each soil profile. The reported texture, structure and consistence shall be used in calculating the loading rate of the infiltration soil surface. 4. Pressure distribution shall be provided in accordance with s. ILHR 83-14, except that doses shall be provided more than 4 times per day to increase retention time. Department written approval is required for sites where voids between gravels and cobbles are not filled with soil material of 2 millimeters or less in size. If at least a 6-foot separation below the proposed system to a limiting factor is evaluated and determined, or if a sand textured blanket at least one-foot thick is provided at the infiltration surface, then a soil loading rate of 0.8 may be used with or without pressure distribution. Split spoon or power auger equipment may be used for evaluations at depths of more than 3 feet below the proposed system, provided such usage is noted on the soil description report. -74- 5.' NP Not permi tted. Systems may be permitted in these soils only with prior department approval. Site specific department approval will not be required where standard approvals have been issued based on a design concept or regional soil conditions. 6. Soil horizons meeting conditions5,D or E are not permitted within 3 feet below the infiltrative surface of either seepage beds or trenches. Soil horizons meeting conditions B, C or F are not permitted within 3 feet below the infiltrative surface of seepage beds. 7. Pressure distribution is required. -75- I. - I I I I I I I APPENDIXA: I Written Evaluations I of the I CSTMSoils Training Workshop I I I I I I --d 0 SAFETY & BUILDINGS DIVISION 201 E. Washington Avenue P.O. Box 7969 Madison, Wisconsin 53707 State of Wisconsin Department of lndustry, Labor and.Human Relations DILHR-Safety & Buildings Division 209 W First St Route 8 Box 8072 Haywara WI 54843 August. 15, 1995 Wisconsin Coastal Management Program Oscar Herrera, Chief PO Box M<L< Madison WI 53707-7868 Dear Mr. Herrera: I recently had the opportunity to both participate and attend a Soils Training Workshop for certified soil testers on July 21, 1995. The course was made available by the area Land Conservation Department in Ashland. As a Wastewater Specialist for the Dept. of Industry, Labor and Human Relations. it is my job to oversee the certified soil testers in my district. Classes of this type will make my job easier and will allow for more professionalism from the testers. I only hope that all of the counties in my district would offer so helpful a course. As this course was so specific to the region (red clay soils), it gave the testers information that they can relate to instantly and use in their own work. I have not attended a more timely interesting program. I wish to thank you for the assistance in funding this program. I'm sure any further programs which Sandy Schultz and Kim Goerg are involved in will be met with great enthusiasm from our area soil testers. Thanks again. Sincerely, Carl J Lippert Wastewater Specialist DILHR-Safety & Building Division CJL:jkd cc: Gary Gylund Sandy Schultz @ LOR 2 1 199, CORRESPONDENCE / MiM'0RANDUM STATE OF WISCONSIN DATE: April 18, 1994 TO: Gary Gylund, Department of Administration Wisconsin Coastal Management Program CONES TO: Carl Lippert Sandy Schultz FROM: Bennette Burks, Chief, Private Sewage Section rY2 6081266-0056-voice, 608-267-0592-fox SUBJECT: Grant Proposal to Study the Lake Superior Clay Plain The Private Sewage Section supports your agency's funding of the proposal submitted by the Ashland Land Conservation Department. This proposal, which is to study the applicability of the Private Sewage System Code (Chapter ILHR 83, Wis. Adm. Code) to the clay soils in Ashland and surrounding counties. These soils have been quite troublesome, and I welcome the efforts of the Land Conservation Department and your agency to develop alternative solutions. If you have any questions about this or other grant proposals involving the siting of private sewage systems, please feel free to call me. SPEED A4f-SSAGE t ot 11 14L 2 5 1995 FROM &-p (A JDAY I D ,5@fy ON 44AM-0 Ameog berr po SUBJECT DATE Ptt@n 0Tv4eLs it-SVOLVIM Lit-01" Lptslr k-,R@f L-s C>F 04 G C=0-0,D Jbml G001) W(LL. T'CWG \/A-tt-4AOZLC---M c ST Is kAo9xlm6 or-k SLkfcw'm,(t-- C-L.P-4 (LAIN. SIGNED- WilsonJones - Carbonl@ @DE IN USA ORIGINAL 449W 00-. ASMAND COUNTY ZONING ADMINISTRATION Ashland County Court House, Room 109 201 W. Main Street Ashland, Wl 54806-1652 Phone 682-7014 July 28, 1995 Sandy Schultz A.B.D.I.-Land Conservation Dept. P.O. Box 267 Ashland, WI. 54806 Dear Sandy, Thank you for putting on the soils training workshop. This was a very informative workshop. The speakers all did an excellent job of dismounting relevant information. The class was well received by soil testers and plumbers as well as the code administrators who were present. Thanks again! Sincerely, Lw.'A'o HILDEBRANDT Lawrence A. Hildebrandt Ashland County Zoning Administrator LAH/lmq cc: File APPENDIX B: Lake Superior Clayey Till Soil Information as presented by USDA-NRCSISoil Survey Project at the CSTMSoils Training Workshop in Ashland MLRA-92 SUPERIOR CL.AY PLAIN Odanah-Sanborg-Badriver-Dagwagi (fine family) (35-60% clay) Miskoaki-Amnicon-Cutter-Bergland (very fine family) (60-90% clay) Oenomie-G flPjff .-1-1 al DOUGLAS COUNTY BAYFIELD OUNTY Ac 0. r;- MLRA-92 SUPERIOR CLAY PLAIN GUIDE FOR TEXTURAL CLASSIFICiTION IN SOIL FAMILIES 90 80 Miskoaki-Amnicon-Cutter-Bergland (very fine family) A (60-90% clay) 70 'ot 60 g-Badriver-oagwagi odanah-Sanbor gat Silty (fine family) (35-6ot clay) sandy" Cj13 ..ciay. 4 ....... -aronto-oagwagi Varia: k Denomie-Gichigami 30 y1r_V1V1VV301V-rV_ @14 (fine-silty family) M _.sandy clay laa 1k (18-35% clay; <15% sand) 20 ........ ....... sancLy low 10 n I-.- F-H, y . ... ... .. \.-.- .s and sand .. ..... .. .. U01 percer,t sand Very fine.sand (0.05 -0.1 ) is treated as silt for family groupings: coarse fragrhents are considered the equivalent of coarse sand in the boundary between the silty and loamy classes. SUPERIOR RMYCLAY TILL REGION LAB DATA CLAY CONTENT RANGE BY HORIZON BY SOIL SERIES SOIL SERIES NAME MISKOAKI ODANAH ENOMIE HORIZON AMNICON CUTTER' SANBORG ADRIVER GICHIGAMI ORONTO A 18-53% 12 23-60% 8 14-37% 8 23-50% 4 8-16% 4 16-40% 4 E 17-49% 4 ----- 14-23% 5 15-36% 2 8-12% 3 16% 1 E/B 14-40% 6 22-52% 1 15-34% 1 25-35% 4 8-33% 5 13-23% 4 J3/E 42-77% 13 41-59% 5 28-53% 9 33-50% 5 23-33 5 24-33% 4 Btl 63-90% 11 61-81% 7 30-60% 11 41-59% 4 27-34% 5 22-34% 4 Bt2 70% 1 78% 1 37-55% 9 53-59% 2 29-32% 2 22-53% 4 Bt3 ----- ---- 42% 1 ----- 33% 1 19-37% 2 13tkl 64-88% 11 59-71% 8 31-57% 1 43-51% 5 28-29% 4 26-53% 4 Btk2 65-89% 11 55-85% 8 36-59% 7 48-49% 3 ----- 26-52% 2 Btk3 70-78% 5 58-78% 3 48-56% 3 ----- ----- BC 64-81% 7 54-740/0' 246-49% 2 50% 1 63% 1 C 68-91%,5 65-78% 3 35-46% 5 33-50% 4 27-38% 5 23-33% 3 FOOTNOTE: The highlighted number next to the clay percentage range indicates the number of samples analyzed by the National Soil Survey Laboratory in Lincoln, Nebraska. C B 0 2 D 3] superior Clayey Till Plain Soil Catena Revised-3/95 Ashiand. Bayfield, Douglas and Iron Counties KCG Slope 0-3% Perched Water Table 0.5-2.51 1.0-2.5, Depth +1-1.01 Bergland Cutter Amnicon Miskoaki Dagwagi Badriver Sanborg Odanah DaRwagi Var. Oronto Gichigami Denomie Poorly Somewhat poorly Moderately Well DRAINAGE (Hydric Soils) -well @J SITION Nearly level to Nearly level to gently Sloping to very depressional sloping convex ridges steep sideslopes -URATION Long periods Moderate periods within Short periods None F to the surface the Profile- No ponding within the SATURATION Ponded at times Profile Some profiles may Very thin (<2") or no Some profiles lack a _JRFACE LAYER develop as much organic matter above dark colored mineral as 8" of oruanic mineral surface surface layer on material abzve steeper slopes mmJRFACE COLORS the mineral rkunsell) surface [ E ----------- SYR. 7.5YR. 10YR. SYR. 7.5YR. 10YR SYR. 7.5YR. 10YR LUE --------- or Neutral ROMA -------- 2 to 4 2 or 3 3 or 4 0 to 2 1 or 2 2 LDUCTION OF (Black to Dark Gray) --------------------------- ->JDark brownl RED PARENT Gleyed layer Hue changes in the upper No color change TERIAL (2.5YR]directly below part of the profile from E TO DURATION surface layer dark reddish brown (2.5YR) SATURATION HUE-10YR to 5Y to reddish brown (SYR) or VALUE- 4 to 6 dark brown (7.5YR). CHROMA- I or 2 NOTTLES Common to many Common to many reddish brown Few reddish- --None reddish brown. in the upper part of the brown in the few gray- high profile. upper part of in th& profile the profile. Soils Tmit-fing Workshop For 6 Certffied Soil Testers -Morphologic fool, Friday July 21, 1995 8:30 am - 1:00 Prn U.W. Ashland Agricultural Research Station E SPONSORED BY *A CL Wisconsin Coastal Management Program 0) C%4 0@ rA C@ ABDI - Land Conservation Department 4 Y., r t, CO .4 W Natural Resources Conservation Department ,., C> CC 104 COO 00 0, V M XLO DILHR 00 UW Agricultural Research Station --a tz 0 0 a@ Pre-Registration Required '3:00p.m. Tuesday JULY18,1995 M to courtesy ofthe A RD]-I.CD and the Wisconsin magement Prograin & catered by Ann Sbdan This Workshop is designed to: Program Agenda PRESENTERS ro- provide certified soil testers with Soils Training Workshop an overview of soil evaluation For CSTMs techniques specific to red clayey Kim Goerg till soilsfound on the Lake Registration Soil Survey Project Leader 8:00 am (Coffee & Rolls) USDA Natural Resources Superior till plain; Conservation Set-vice provide certified soil testers with Welcome information concerning proposed 8:15 am Sandy Schultz & Carl Lippert modifications to the existing Mike Mlynarek Wastewater Treatment Specialist regulations governing private Department ofIndustry, Labor sewage facilities; Presentations and Human Relations offer CSTAls specialized training 8:40 am Proposed modifications for the morphologic evaluation of to existing rules goveming the red clayey fill soilsfound on private sewage systems Mike Mlynarek - Carl Lippert the Lake Superior till plain spe- Assistant Superintendent cifically targeting permeability 9:10 am Field Evaluations of Red Ashland Agricultural and structure, and Clayey Till Soils Research Station Kim Goerg &,provide CSTUs a view ofa, 9:20 am Test Pit # I niodel Icross section ofa conven- 9:50 am Test Pit # 2 Sandy Schultz tional system and mound system. 10:20 arn Test Pit # 3 County Conservationist The model will be on display A B&I Land Conservation during the workshop 11:00 am Classroom Discussion of Department Test Pits and Properties of Red Clayey Till Soils For More Information Contact Kim Goerg 11:50 am Open Discussion - All Ashland Bayfield Douglas Iron Land Conservation Department Lunch 682-7187 12:00 prn Lunch provided 3/95 ASHLAND F.O. MAPPING KEY OFFICE COPY CLAYEY AND SILTY GLACIAL TILL SOILS Soil Properties W Drained MW Drained SP Drained P VP Drained Clay sola/ calc. Miskoaki sicl Amnicon sicl Cutter c Bergland c red clay till; 274B,C,D 275A 263 >60% clay in Bt Vertic vertic Vertic Vertic (map only in [d] Eutroboralf Eutrobordif Eutroboralf Epiaquept and western [b]) vf, m vf, m, na, f Clay sola (40-60)/ Anton sil Borea sicl Lerch mk stratified loamy 578C [d] & sandy deposits; Vertic Vertic Vertic >60% clay in Bt Eutroboralf Eutroboralf Epiaquept f, m, na, f Clayey sola/ calc. Odanah sil Sanborg sil Badriver cl Dagwagi muck red clayey till; 280B,C,D,F 348A 265 35-60% clay in Bt Glossic Oxyaquic Oxyaquic Aeric (map only in western Eutroboralf Eutroboralf Eutroboralf Epiaquept [a]and eastern [b]) f, m f, m, na, f Clay sola (40-60)/ Anton Variant Borea Var. stratified loamy sil 481C,D sil & sandy deposits; Oxyaquic Oxyaquic 35-60% clay in Bt Eutroboralf Eutroboralf f, m Clayey sola Froberg sicl (15-36)/ 283C[bd],D[bd]1583B [bd] loamy till Typic (Oxyaquic) Bt in clayey Eutroboralf Eutroboralf deposits c/l, m Loamy outwash Superior sl Sedgwick sl Munuscong sl (10-24)/ calc. 256D 656B; 253B; [abd] 238 [abd] red clayey till; C [abd] C [d] Bt in till Alfic (Oxyaquic) Alfic Mollic Haplorthod Haplorthod Epiaquod Endoaquept cl/c, m, f cl/c, m, na, f Loamy outwash Dryburg sl (24-40)/ calc. 214B,C [abd] red clayey till; (Oxyaquic) Bt in till Haplorthod. cl/c, m, f Sandy outwash Manistee lfs Kellogg lfs Allendale Pinconning lfs (20-40)/ calc. 213D 513B,C 226A lfs 121 [abd] red clayey till; Alfic Oxyquic Alfic Mollic Bt in till Haplorthod Haplorthod Epiaquod Epiaquent s/c, m, f s/c, m, na, f Sandy outwash Vilas Var. ls Au Gres ls (40-60")/ calc. 223B,C [abd]; clay subst. red cla yey till D [abd] 225A [abd] (Oxyaquic) Alfic Haplorthod Epiaquod s, m, f Silty sola/ calc. Denomie sil Gichigami sil Oronto sil Dagwagi Var. red silty till; 18 204B,C,D,F 452A mk -35% c, <15% s in Typic Oxyaquic Oxyaquic Aeric Bt (m p only in Glossoboralf Glossoboralf Glossoboralf Epiaquept [i] and eastern [a] fsi, m fsi, m, na, f 3 6668 14104 2889