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The Penobscot Bay Conservation Plan cw 'A 40 'N COASTAL INFORMATION CENTER QL 84.22 M2 W66 .-utive Department Maine State Planning Office 1987 March 1987 THE PENOBSCOT BAY CONSERVATION PLAN Property of CSC Library U . S . DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413 By Susan Woodward Alan Hutchinson and Mark McCollough Endangered and Nongame Wildlife Project Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife December 1986 Financial assistance for preparation of this document was provided by the State Planning office from Maine's Coastal Management Program through funding provided by the U. S. Department of Commerce, office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. and The Endangered and Nongame Wildlife Fund of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife.' Cover artwork donated by D. D. Tyler. ODANGp P-wl J EXECUTIVE SUbDIARY The Penobscot Bay Conservation Plan i's the product of a 12-month study of the coastal wildlife resources of 36 towns in Penobscot Bay. Two hundred and thirty coastal wildlife concentration areas were identified, mapped, and evaluated during this study. These areas provide significant habitats for more than 100 species of coastal birds and two species of seals. All of these animals rely on the biological productivity and physical characteristics of these areas for some partion(s) of their annual cycle. Forty-six (20%) of these wildlife areas were determined to be of state or national significance based on the seasonal species composition and relative abundance of the wildlife using them, and are designated as Class A habitats. Seventy (30%) of the concentration areas were recognized to be of regional importance (Class B habitats). The remaining 114 (50%) areas are locally significant for coastal wildlife in Penobscot Bay and are designated as Class C habitats. Ninety-eight percent of all coastal wildlife sighted in the Bay during the aerial surveys and ground checks were located in the 230 concentration areas. Recommendations for protecting the Class A, B, and C habi- tats are presented, including specific management guidelines for Special Wildlife Features, such as eagle nests, seabird nesting islands, and heron colonies. Specific applications of this information by municipal and state land-use plan- ners, resource managers, and conservation organizations are discussed. Maps for each of the 36 towns show the location of all Class A, B, and C coastal wildlife habitats and Special Wildlife Features. Supporting tables list the species or species groups using each area. The geographic region evaluated in this report includes all islands, exposed ledges, tidal waters and adjacent shore- lines of the area bounded by the Veazie dam on the north, Matinicus Rock on the south, Graffam, Island (Muscle Ridge) on the west, and Long Island (Frenchboro) and Naskeag Point (Brooklin) on the east. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the ma ny individ- uals who contributed skills and energies towards the produc- tion of this plan. We are especially grateful to Andy Stinson of Central Maine Flying Service, and Russ Treadwell of Wilderness Wings, who served as pilots for the survey. Their skill and dedication through long hours of flying under very demanding conditions were essential to the completion of this study. Art Ritter, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wild- life (MDIFW), deserves special thanks for coordinating all computer data analyses. For their meticulous attention to detail and insistence on quality through all phases of the map preparation, we give particular recognition to Beth Swartz and Robert Stratton. Tom Chamberlain, MDIFW, provided enthusiastic and expert technical advice on graphics preparation. Richard Chipman deserves special thanks for conducting the ground survey of shorebird feeding areas. Charlie Todd, MDIFW Endangered and Nongame Wildlife Program, provided data on Penobscot Bay's bald eagle population and contributed to the development of the bald eagle management guidelines. The Hancock County Regional Planning Commission, Eastern Maine Development Corporation, and Eastern Mid-Coast Region- al Planning Commission were very helpful in providing access to their excellent maps. We are especially grateful to Betty Jackson, MDIFW, for typing all drafts and revisions of the report. This study and report were funded by the Maine State Planning Office from Maine's Coastal Management Program through funding provided by the U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of ocean and Coastal Resource Management, under the Coastal Zone Ma:nagement Act of 1972, as amended, and from The Endangered and Nongame Wildlife Fund of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIS'T OF TABLES ......................................... vii, LIST OF FIGURES ........................................ viii PROJECT DESCRIPTION Introduction ...................................... 1 Study Objectives .................................. 2 Study Area ........................................ 2 METHODS Resource Inventory ................................ 5 Aerial Surveys and Censuses .................. 5 Ground Surveys and Censuses .................. 5 Resource Evaluation and Mapping Identification and Ranking of Wildlife Areas.. 6 Identification of Special Wildlife Features ... 8 FINDINGS Wildlife Values of Penobscot Bay ................... 9 Wildlife Conservation in Penobscot Bay ............. 24 Conservation Guidelines for Class A, B, and C Wildlife Habitats ............................. 24 Management Guidelines for Special Wildlife Features Bald Eagle Nest Sites ..................... 26 Osprey Nest Sites ......................... 32 Colonial-nesting Seabird Islands .......... 39 Great Blue Heron Colonies ................. 60 iv Shorebird Feeding and Roosting Areas ....... 63 Eider Molting Areas ....................... 70 Seal Haul-outs ............................ 72 Recommendations for Integrating Marine Wildlife Values into Coastal Resource Planning and Development ......................................... 74 Land-Use Planning and Protection Site Location ............................. 74 Shoreland and Municipal Zoning ............ 74 Coastal Public Recreation and Access ...... 75 Prioritizing Sites for Protection by Public and Private Conservation organizations ............................. 75 Marine Resource Planning Aquaculture Site Location ................. 75 Prioritizing Areas for Comprehensive Marine Resource Management ................ 76 Oil Spill Contingency Planning and Siting of Petroleum Storage and Transport Facilities ................................ 77 REFERENCES ................................................ 79 APPENDICES I. Regulations Governing Human Activities in the Biological Systems of Coastal Maine ............ 86 II. Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay ............................................. 95 III. List of Maine's Endangered and Threatened Wildlife ....................................... 103 v Resource Maps ..................................... 107 Town'kaps ................................... 108 LEGEND Bangor Belfast Brewer Brooklin Brooksville Bucksport Camden Castine Deer Isle (1) Deer Isle (2) Deer Isle (LURC) Frankfort Frenchboro Hampden Isle au Haut Islesboro Lincolnville Matinicus & Criehaven Muscle Ridge Islands North Haven Northport Orland Orrington Owls Head Penobscot Prospect Rockland Rockport Searsport Sedgwick Stockton Springs Stonington Swans Island Veazie & Eddington Verona Vinalhaven Winterport vi LIST OF TABLES 1. Season and dates of Penobscot Bay aerial surveys ... 4 2. Significant marine wildlife habitats of Penobscot Bay by area number and location .................... 11 3. Marine birds and seals of Penobscot Bay ............ 17 4. Class A Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay by town. 21 5. Percentages of Penobscot Bay's marine wildlife population and their habitats in each signifi- cance class by season .............................. 23 6. Active and historic bald eagle territories of Penobscot Bay ...................................... 27 7. Number of osprey nests in Penobscot Bay by wildlife area ...................................... 37 8. Nesting marine birds of Penobscot Bay .............. 40 9. Colonial-nesting seabird islands of Penobscot Bay by town ............................................ 43 10. Great blue heron colonies of Penobscot Bay ......... 62 11. Shorebird feeding and roosting sites in Penobscot Bay by town ........................................ 65 vii LIST OF FIGURES 1. Penobscot Bay Study Area ........................... 3 2. Class A Marine Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay.. 20 viii PROJECT DESCRIPTION Introduction Coastal Maine is a highly productive biological environment, providing food and shelter for 150 species of marine-related birds (Palmer 1949, Packard 1960, TRIGOM-PARC 1974) and 26 species of marine mammals (Fefer and Schettig 1980). This diverse assemblage includes seabirds, shorebirds, seals, wading birds, waterfowl, and raptors. All of these animals share a dependence on the biological and physical character- istics of Maine's coastal environment for some segment(s) of their annual cycle. This diverse array of wildlife includes rare and endangered species, as well as species spectacular in their abundance; and represents a resource that is of international, state, and regional significance. The Values of this resource are economic, aesthetic, cultural, ecological, educational, and scientific. Coastal wildlife are an integral component of the "mystique and character of Maine", and are therefore directly related to the economic growth of the state from escalating tourism, immigration, and commercial development. The direct and indirect economic values of coastal wildlife can be measured in the millions of dollars. Ironically, Maine's wildlife, along with many other coastal resources, are being jeopardized by the very development they have "promoted". A balance between exploitation and conservation must be achieved if we are to retain the long-term values of the wildlife resource. The eleven core laws of Maine's Coastal Program provide a regulatory mechanism for "achieving a balance between conservation and development in the coastal area that will satisfy short-and long-term social, economic, and environmental needs" (Appendix I). However, these laws cannot be effectively implemented to conserve the habitats supporting Maine's coastal wildlife without: 1) an information base which identifies and assigns priority to significant resource areas; and.2) specific guidelines and defensible performance standards for human activities and development within and adjacent to these resource areas. The Penobscot Bay Conservation Plan addresses these defi- ciencies by providing the first comprehensive, prioritized, site-specific information on coastal wildlife populations and their habitats for Penobscot Bay. Specific recommenda- tions for conserving the resources within these wildlife habitats are provided. These guidelines can be implemented through the eleven environmental core laws, public and private voluntary land-protection initiatives (ie. direct acquisition, conservation easements, etc), and public education-programs. Natural resource planners, managers, and conservation groups can now focus on the most significant-coastal wildlife areas, facilitating efficient and effective use of limited personnel and funds. study objectives The objectives of this study were: 1. To identify all areas of concentrated use by marine birds and seals in Penobscot Bay. 2. To develop an evaluation system for these areas that orders them by their need for conservation and management. 3. To develop land and water-use guidelines for the conservation of these areas. 4. To assist state and local planners, resource managers, and conservation organizations with incorporating wildlife values into planning and development of coastal resources. Study Area The area evaluated in this report includes all islands, exposed ledges, tidal waters and adjacent shorelines of the area bounded by the Veazie dam on the north, Matinicus Rock on the south, Graffam Island (Muscle Ridge) on the west, and Long Island (Frenchboro) and Naskeag Point (Brooklin) on the east. NOAA marine charts 13303, 13305, 13309, 13313, and 13316 cover this area and were used to reference all geographic loca- tions. The region encompasses more than 1,000 square miles and includes more than 600 miles of shoreline, 7,500 acres of intertidal mudflats, 1,000 acres of saltmarsh, and 900 islands and exposed ledges (Figure 2 Figure 1. Penobscot Bay Study Area. MAINE Bangor veazie Eddington Hampden rrington Winterport Bucksport Frankfort Orland Prospect erona tockton Springs Searsport Penobscot Belfast orthport rooksville Sedgwick Lincoinville rooklin 0 Deer Camden c, Rockport Nort Isle C4 Hav n Stoni gton Swans Island Rockla CZ C= Owls Q Isle Frenchboro Hea au Haut 0 5 '10 Matinicus Isle Scale of Miles Pit. @Swan s sl,n,d 3 Table 1. Season and dates of Penobsc-ot Bay aerial surveys. Winter December 12 and December 22, 1985 January 17 and January 19, 1586 spring Migration February 27 and February 28, 1986 April 1 and April 4, 1986 Nesting May 5 and May 14, 1986 June 26, July 1 and July 2, 1986 Post-nesting July 29, August 1 and August 6, 1986 August 14 and August 23, 1985 Fall Migration September 16 and September 17, 1985 October 17 and October 18, 1985 November 14 and November 18, 1985 4 METHODS Resource Inventory A combination of aerial and ground surveys and censuses was used to document the species composition, geographic distri- bution and numbers of marine birds and seals. Low-level aerial flights served as the primary method because they provided the comprehensive, "snap-shot" overview of the Bay's wildlife, which could not be acquired by any other method. Aerial surveys were also the best method for locating the nests of bald eagles, ospreys, and great blue herons. Ground surveys and censuses complemented aerial surveys by providing accurate census information for ground- nesting waterbirds and shorebirds, and by verifying the flight data. All ground and aerial observations were coded and mapped on NOAA 1:40,000 marine charts and transferred to computer files for data analyses. Aerial Surveys and Censuses. Eleven aerial surveys of the Penobscot Bay study area were completed between 14 August 1985 and 6 August 1986 (Table 1). Each survey required two to three days of flying and averaged 15 hours. A Cessna Skyhawk or a dual-engine Cessna Skymaster was used for all flights. Surveys were flown at an altitude of approximately 300 feet and a speed of approximately 100 mph, and covered all tidal waters within the study area. All sightings of marine birds or seals were recorded on voice tape and included identification to species or species group, estimated numbers and geographic location. Ground Surveys and Censuses Nesting Marine Birds. All islands and ledges within the study area were evaluated for the presence of nesting marine birds between 3 May and 29 July 1986. Wherever nesting was suspected, biologists landed on the island and searched all suitable cover for nests. Possible nesting was indicated by historic records, the sighting of birds, or the presence of suitable habitat. Islands found with nesting marine birds were censused using direct nest counts and/or visual estimates of adult birds. In those cases where the number of adult birds sighted substantially exceeded the numbers of nests observed, it was assumed that the excess adults were nonbreeders, and the estimate of nesting pairs was 5 based primarily on the nest counts. In gener "al, survey and census methods followed Hutchinson and Ferrero (1981), Hutchinson and Lovett (1983, 1984), and Korschgen (1979). Shorebirds. During the period 14 August through 12 September 1985, 116 intertidal sites were checked for use by feeding shorebirds. A comprehensive inventory of the Penobscot Bay area was not possible because of the tremendous amount of shoreline offering potential feeding sites and the relatively short period of time available for assessing the shorebird population. However, by combining information on the ecology of Maine's shorebirds, historic records, and intertidal substrate data from NOAA marine charts, sites likely to be of primary importance to feeding shorebirds were identified. Additional sites were surveyed when time and access permitted. Every attempt was made to visit sites at a falling tide as the flats emerged, but before birds became dispersed. Time, tide phase, weather, and flat substrate were noted for each site. The flat was then scanned with binoculars and/or a spotting scope until reasonable species identifications and estimates of the numbers of birds could be made. Shorebird use of feeding areas is dynamic - with both species compo- sition and abundance varying greatly throughout the tide cycle. We attempted to make observations at a time when both maximal numbers and species would occur. Shorebird roosting areas were located primarily during the aerial surveys. Birds are more concentrated on roost sites and flush more readily than when feeding, thus facilitating aerial sightings. Resource Evaluation and Mapping Identification and Ranking of Wildlife Areas. Wildlife concentration areas were identified by the presence of multiple mapped observations. They were delineated by drawing a line around the clumped observations seaward to the thirty foot depth contour when possible, or a distance of approximately 300 feet from the central geologic feature with which the animals were associated. For those areas adjacent to the mainland, or islands other than seabird nesting islands, the shoreward limit of the wildlife area is 250 ft. above mean high water. All seabird nesting islands are included in their entirety within a wildlife area. Seaward limits were selected based on reported average 6 feeding depths for the marine birds found in Penobscot Bay (Palmer 1976 a and b, Adamus 1978). The 250 foot shoreland zone recognizes the ecological relationships between shoal-water marine systems and the adjacent terrestrial communities. Both flight and ground census data were coded by area for each species and entered into computer data files. Five seasons were identified for this study, corresponding to the seasonal biological rhythms and major movement of marine birds and seals in northern New England. Seasonal dates were determined from the literature (Palmer 1949, TRIGOM-PARC 1974, Korschgen 1979) and from patterns of population stability and change seen during this and previ.- ous studies (Hutchinson and Ferrero 1981, Hutchinson and Lovett 1983, 1984). The dates are not absolute, but are only guides. overlap naturally occurs from one season to the next. By compiling and analyzing the data on a seasonal basis, a conceptual framework is provided which allows for a better understanding of the resource and the development of more refined management strategies. Approximate dates for the five seasons are: Winter December 1 to February 15 Spring migration February 16 to April 30 Nesting May 1 to June 30 Post-nesting July 1 to August 31 Fall migration September 1 to November 30 Both seasonal and composite ratings were calculated for each area based on the relative abundance and diversity of species found there. An area's seasonal ratings were derived by calculating, for each species, the percentage of its total population in Penobscot Bay found within that area that season. The sum of the percentages for all species found within that area, that season, was the area's seasonal rating. The area's composite rating is the average of its five seasonal ratings. This composite rating is then used to assign the area to one of three classes: Class A (State or National Significance), Class B (Regional Significance) or Class C (Local Signifi- cance). Conservation guidelines were developed for each of the classes. Maps were prepared for each of the thirty-six towns in the study area to show the location of all Class A, B and C areas. 7 Identification,of Special Wildlife Features. A Special Wildlife Feature is a specific site of use by coastal wild- life and is usually encompassed by a Class A, B or C Area. The Special Wildlife Features identified in this study and the criteria used for designating sites are: 1) Bald Eagle Nest Site - presence of an active bald eagle nest in 1986, or overlap of an area with any of the restricted-use buffer zones around an eagle nest (see Management Guidelines for Bald Eagle Nest Sites). 2) Osprey Nest Sites - presence of an osprey nest in 1986. 3) Colonial-nesting Seabird Islands - presence of nesting seabirds in 1986, or recurrent historical use where the habitat is still intact. 4) Shorebird Feeding or Roosting Areas - presence of an average of 20 or more shorebirds during any season. 5) Great Blue Heron Colonies - presence of a heron colony in 1986. 6) Eider Molting Sites - presence of 200 or more flightless eiders during at least three of the four aerial surveys in the period 22 July through 18 October. 7) Seal Haul-outs - presence of 5 or more adults or pups at a haul-out site. Management guidelines were developed for each of these types of Special Wildlife Features, whose locations are shown on the town maps. 8 FINDINGS Wildlife Values of Penobscot Bay Two hundred and thirty coastal wildlife concentration areas were identified through this study (Table 2). These areas provide significant habitats for approximately 100 species of coastal birds and two species of seals (Table 3). Ninety-eight percent of all coastal wildlife sighted in the Bay during the aerial surveys and ground checks were located in these concentration areas, which cover less than 15% of the Penobscot Bay study area. Forty-six (20%) of these wildlife habitats, determined to be of state or national significance, were designated as Class A habitats (Table 4, Figure 2) based on the seasonal species composition and relative abundance of the wildlife using the areas. Seventy (30%) of the concentration areas, recognized to be of regional importance, were designated as Class B habitats. The remaining 114 (50%) areas are locally significant for coastal wildlife in Penobscot Bay and were designated as Class C habitats (Appendix II). Class A habitats supported 40% of the average annual popula- tion of coastal wildlife (all species) in Penobscot Bay. Class B and C habitats supported 35% and 25% respectively (Table 5). one hundred and eighty-three of the Class A, B and C habitats (80%) supported one or more Special Wildlife Features. These include ten active eagle nests, three of which were unknown prior to this study; five great blue heron colonies; one hundred and twenty-three colonial- nesting seabird islands; and seventy-one shorebird feeding and roosting areas. Class A wildlife habitats alone support more than 50% of these wildlife features - additional justification for directing major protection efforts towards these areas. Maintenance of the existing distribution, diversity and abundance of Penobscot Bay's coastal wildlife depends on the continued availability of the significant Class A, B and C habitats as undisturbed, biologically productive areas. Recognizing the escalating demands for access to and devel- opment of the coastal zone containing these areas, we recommend the following guidelines for appropriate uses and levels of activity within each habitat classification 9 to assist in the development and implementation of resource allocation strategies which will balance development and protection with the goal of maintaining Penobscot Bay's wildlife values. This challenge of preserving our coastal wildlife heritage will require an exceptional level of commitment and coopera- tion among all Maine's citizens, but the rewards will far exceed the effort, and will be visible for generations to come. 10 Table 2. Significant marine wildlife habitats of Penobscot Bay by area number and location. Area Number Area Name Location Pool Hewett-Graffam-Pleasant Is. Muscle Ridge LURC P002 Andrews Island Muscle Ridge, LURC P003 Dix-High-Otter Islands Muscle Ridge, LURC P007 Ash Island Owls Head P008 Fisherman Island Muscle Ridge, LURC P009 Monroe Island Owls Head Polo Sheep Island Owls Head Poll Rockland Harbor Rockland, Owls Head P012 Clam Cove Rockport P013 Rockport Harbor Rockport P014 Camden Harbor Camden, Rockport P015 Ducktrap Harbor Lincolnville, Northport P016 Saturday Cove Northport P017 Belfast Reservoir Northport, Belfast P018 Belfast Harbor Belfast, Searsport P019 Passagassawaukeag River Belfast P020 Searsport Searsport P021 Long Cove Searsport P021 Sears Island Searsport P023 Stockton Harbor Searsport, Stockton Springs P024 Cape Jellison Stockton Springs P025 Fort Point Cove Stockton Springs P027 Orland River Verona, Orland P028 Verona Island - East Bucksport, Verona, Orland P029 Bucksport Verona, Prospect, Bucksport P030 Bowden Point Prospect P031 Frankfort Flats Bucksport P032 Marsh River Frankfort, Prospect, Winterport P033 Winterport Winterport, Bucksport P034 Bald Hill Winterport, Hampden, Orrington P035 Hampden Hampden, Orrington, Brewer P036 Bangor Hampden, Bangor, Brewer, Veazie, Eddington P037 Turtle Head Cove Islesboro P038 Sprague Cove Islesboro P039 Ram-Seal-Flat Islands Islesboro P040 Seal Harbor Islesboro P041 Grindel Point Islesboro P042 Broad Cove Islesboro P043 700-Acre Island - North Islesboro Table 2. Significant marine wildlife habitats of Penobscot Bay by area number and location (continued). Area Number Area Name Location P044. Philbrook Cove Islesboro P045 700-Acre Island - South Islesboro P046 Turtle Head Islesboro P047 Parker Cove Islesboro P048 Sabbathday Harbor Islesboro P049 Islesboro Harbor Islesboro P050 Islesboro - East Islesboro P051 Islesboro - South Islesboro P052 Lassell-Lime-Job Islands Islesboro, North Haven, LURC P053 Mouse-Saddle-Goose Islands North Haven, LURC P054 Mark Island North Haven P055 Robinson Rock North Haven P056 Oak-Burnt Islands North Haven P057 Sheep-Dagger Islands North Haven P058 Oak Hill-Mullen Head North Haven P059 Calderwood-Babbidge Islands North Haven P060 Kent-Waterman Coves North Haven P061 North Haven Town North Haven, Vinalhaven P062 Southern Harbor North Haven P063 Dumpling Islands North Haven P064 Stand-in Point North Haven P065 Pulpit Harbor North Haven P066 Mill River Vinalhaven P067 Carver Cove Vinalhaven P068 Seal Bay Vinalhaven P069 Stoddard-Smith Islands Vinalhaven P070 Narrows-Sheep-Green Islands Vinalhaven P071 Saddleback Ledge-Brimstone I. Vinalhaven P072 Roberts-Hay-Otter Islands Vinalhaven P073 Greens Island Vinalhaven P074 Vinalhaven Town Vinalhaven P075 Hurricane Island Vinalhaven P076 The Basin Vinalhaven P077 Lairey's-Crane-Crotch Islands Vinalhaven P078 White Island Vinalhaven P079 Medric Rock-Green Ledge Vinalhaven P080 Green-Dogfish Islands Vinalhaven P081 Crockett Point Vinalhaven P082 Seal Island Criehaven, LURC P083 Malcolm Ledge Criehaven, LURC P084 Wooden Ball Island Criehaven, LURC 12 Table 2. Significant marine wildlife habitats of Penobscot Bay by area number and location (continued). Area Number Area Name Location P085 Matinicus Island - North Matinicus Island Pit., LURC P086 Matinicus Island - South Matinicus Island Pit., LURC P087 Ragged Island Criehaven, LURC P088 Matinicus Rock Criehaven, LURC P089 Large Green Island Matinicus Isle Pit., LURC P090 Little Green Island Matinicus Isle Pit., LUR P091 Northern Triangles Matinicus Isle Pit., BPL P092 Southern Triangles Matinicus Isle Pit., BPL P093 West Penobscot Penobscot, Castine P094 Wadsworth Cove Castine P095 Holbrook Island Castine, Brooksville P096 Smith Cove Brooksville P097 Bagaduce River Brooksville, Castine, Penobscot P098 Northern Bay-Bagaduce Brooksville, Penobscot P099 Herrick Bay-Bagaduce Penobscot, Brooksville, Sedgwick Ploo Head of the Cape Brooksville Ploi Weir-Horseshoe Coves Brooksville P102 Spectacle Island Brooksville,LURC P103 Stave Island Deer Isle P104 Thrumcap-Two Bush Ledges Brooksville P105 Orcutt Harbor Brooksville P106 Herricks Brooksville, Sedgwick P107 Little Deer Isle - North Deer Isle, LURC P108 Western-Pond-Hog Islands Brooksville, LURC P109 Little Deer Isle - South Deer Isle, LURC Pilo Scott-Two Bush Islands Deer Isle, LURC Pill Verona Island - Southeast Verona, Orland, Penobscot P112 Carney Island Deer Isle P113 Pickering Island 'Deer Isle, LURC P114 Beach-Barred-Colt Head Islands Deer Isle, LURC P115 Bradbury-Crow Islands Deer Isle, LURC P116 Hardhead Island Deer Isle, LURC P117 Butter-Barred Islands Deer Isle, LURC P118 Great Spruce Head Island Deer Isle, LURC P119 Horsehead Island Deer Isle, LURC P120 Resolution Island Deer Isle, LURC P121 Little Spruce Head Island Deer Isle, LURC P122 Compass Island Deer Isle, LURC P123 Sloop-Fling Islands Deer Isle, LURC P124 Eagle Island Deer Isle, LURC 13 Table 2. Significant marine wildlife habitats of Penobscot Bay by area number and location (continued). Area Number Area Name Location P125 Bald Island-Grass Ledge Deer Isle, LURC P126 Northwest Harbor Deer Isle P127 Southwest Harbor Deer Isle P128 Crockett Cove Deer Isle, Stonington P129 Second-Andrews-Mark Islands Stonington P130 Scraggy Island Stonington P131 Sparrow-West Halibut Islands Isle au Haut P132 Stonington - West Stonington P133 Hardwood-Ewe-Ram Islands Isle au Haut P134 Farrel Island Stonington P135 Crotch Island Stonington P136 John Island Stonington P137 Stonington Stonington P138 Green Island Stonington P139 Russ Island Stonington P140 Camp Island Stonington P141 St. Helena-George Head Islands Stonington P142 Bare Island Stonington P143 McGlathery-Round-Gooseberry Is. Stonington P144 Egg Rock North Haven P145 Merchant Island Isle au Haut P146 Bills-Pell-Burnt Islands Isle au Haut P148 No Man's Island Stonington P149 Coombs Islands Stonington P150 Spruce Island Stonington P151 Devil-Bold Islands Stonington P152 Webb Cove Stonington P153 Grog Island-Humpkins Ledge Stonington P154 Saddleback-Enchanted Islands Stonington P155 Sheldrake-Haskell Ledges Stonington P156 Shingle Island Stonington P157 Sheep Island Stonington P158 Eastern Mark Island Stonington P159 Shabby Island Deer Isle P160 Long-Green Ledges Deer Isle P161 Whitmore Neck Stonington P162 Inner Harbor Stonington, Deer Isle P163 Long Cove Deer Isle P164 Freese Island Deer Isle P165 Stinson Neck - South Deer Isle P166 Stinson Neck - North Deer Isle 14 Table-1. Significant marine wildlife habitats of Penobscot Bay by area number and location (continued). Area Number Area Name Location P167 White Island Deer Isle P168 Black-Bear Islands Deer Isle P169 Conary Island Deer Isle P170 Greenlaw Neck Deer Isle P171 Greenlaw Cove Deer Isle P172 Campbell Island-Fish Creek Deer Isle P174 Isle au Haut - Northeast Isle au Haut P175 Isle au Haut - Southeast Isle au Haut P176 York Island Isle au Haut P177 The Cow Pen Isle au Haut P178 Great Spoon Island Isle au Haut P179 Little Spoon Island Isle au Haut P180 White-Black Horse Islands Isle au Haut P181 Eastern Ear Island Isle au Haut P182 Head Harbor Isle au Haut P183 Western Head Isle au Haut P184 Duck Harbor Isle au Haut P185 The Brandies Isle au Haut P186 Moores Harbor Isle au Haut P187 Bald Mt. Isle au Haut P188 Isle au Haut Isle au Haut P190 Kimball-Flake Islands Isle au Haut P191 White-Green Ledges Isle au Haut P192 Fog Island Isle au Haut P193 Southern Mark Island Isle au Haut, Stonington P194 Saddleback Island Swans Island P195 Halibut Rocks Swans Island P196 Spirit Ledge Swans Island P197 Boxam Cove Swans Island, LURC P198 Three Bush Island Swans Island, LURC P199 Ringtown Island Swans Island, LURC P200 Black Ledge Swans Island P201 Mason Ledge Swans Island' P202 Heron Island Swans Island P203 Brimstone Island Swans Island P204 Hat Island Swans Island P205 Sand-Toothacher Coves Swans Island P206 High Sheriff-Gooseberry Is. Swans Island P207 Burntcoat Harbor Swans Island P208 Harbor Island Swans Island P209 Scrag-Green Islands Swans Island 15 Table 2. Significant marine wildlife habitats of Penobscot Bay by area number and location (continued). Area Number Area Name Location P210 Baker Islands Swans Island P211 Swans Island - Southeast Swans Island P212 John's Island Swans Island P213 Sister Islands' Swans Island P214 Crow Island Frenchboro, LURC P215 Deep-West Coves Frenchboro, LURC P216 Long Island - West Frenchboro, LURC P217 Long Island - East Frenchboro, LURC P218 Sand Cove Swans Island, LURC P219 Ram Island Swans Island P220 Swans Island - Northeast Swans Island P221 Mackerel Cove Swans Island P222 Seal Cove Swans Island P223 Orono-Phinney Islands Swans Island P225 Egg Rock Swans Island P226 Opechee Island-Long Ledge Swans Island P227 Pond Island Frenchboro P228 Black-Sheep-Eagle Islands Swans Island P229 Naskeag Point Brooklin P230 Babson Island Brooklin P231 High Head Brooklin P232 Torrey Islands Brooklin P233 Brooklin Brooklin P234 Benjamin River Brooklin, Sedgwick P235 Sargentville Sedgwick P236 Mahoney Island Brooklin P237 North Deer Isle Deer Isle P238 Reach-Oak Point Deer Isle 1The Muscle Ridge is not an official township, but is a recognized major geographic area, and is treated like a town for presentation of mapped information in this report. Indicates that all or part of this area is under the jurisdiction of the Land Use Regulation Commission (LURC). 3The Bureau of Public Lands (BPL) has jurisdiction over all submerged lands. 16 Table 3. Marine birds and seals of Penobscot Bay. Common Name Scientific Name Marine Birds Common loon Gavia immer Red-throated loon Gavia stellata Pied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps Red-necked grebe Podiceps grisegena Horned grebe Podice2s auritus Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Greater shearwater Puffinus gravis Sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus Leach's storm petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa Wilson's storm petrel Oceanites oceanicus Northern gannet Sula bassanus Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus Great blue heron Ardea herodias Green-backed heron Butorides striatus Snowy egret Egretta thula Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus Canada goose Branta canadensis Atlantic brant Branta bernicla Snow goose Chen caerulescens Black duck Anas rubripes Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Blue-winged teal Anas discors Green-winged teal Anas crecca Gadwall Anas strepera Pintail Anas acuta American wigeon Anas americana Ring-necked duck Aythya collaris Lesser scaup Aythya affinis Greater scaup Aythya marila Common eider Somateria mollissima King eider Somateria spectabilis Harlequin Histrionicus histrionicus Old squaw Clangula hyemalis White-winged scoter Melanitta fusca Surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata Black scoter Melanitta nigra Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula Barrow's goldeneye Bucephala islandica Bufflehead Bucephala albeola 17 Table 3. Marine birds and seals of Penobscot Bay (continued). Common Name Scientifi c Name Marine Birds Hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus Red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator Ruddy duck Oxyura jamaicensis Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Osprey Pandion haliaetus Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus Lesser golden plover Pluvialis dominica Black-bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia Solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleucus Lesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Red knot Calidris canutus Purple sandpiper Calidris maritima Baird's sandpiper Calidris bairdii Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos White-rumped sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis Western sandpiper Calidris mauri Least sandpiper Calidris minutilla Semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla Sanderling Calidris alba Dunlin Calidris alpina Common snipe Capella gallinago Short-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus Long-billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus Marbled godwit Limosa fedoa Hudsonian godwit Limosa haemastica Red phalarope Phalaropus fulicaria Northern phalarope Phalaropus lobatus Wilson's phalarope Phalaropus tricolor Pomarine jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus Parasitic jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus Great skua Catharacta skua Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus Iceland gull L@i_rus glaucoides Great black-backed gull Larus marinus Herring gull Larus argentatus Ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis Black-headed gull Larus ridibundus Laughing gull Larus atricilla Bonaparte's gull Larus Philadelphia Little gull L-arus minutus 18 Table 3. Marine birds and seals of Penobscot Bay (continued). Common Name Scientific Namel Black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla Common tern Sterna hirundo Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea Roseate tern Sterna dougallii Razorbill Alca torda Common murre Uria aalge Thick-billed murre Uria lomvia Dovekie Alle alle Black guillemot Cepphus grylle Common puffin Fratercula arctica Seals Harbor seal Phoca vitulina Gray seal Halichoerus grypus 1The common and scientific names of all birds are from American Ornithologists' Union, 1983, Checklist of North American Birds, 6th Edition. 19 I I I I I I i I I CLASS A WILDLIFE AREAS I I I I I I i I I I CLASS A WILDLIFE HABITATS OF PENOBSCOT BAY con. 4 I d 0 119 CL cy) c m co ca onp A Table 4. Class A Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay by town. Town Name Area Number Area Name Brooksville P95 Holbrook Island P97 Bagaduce River P98 Northern Bay-Bagaduce P99 Herrick Bay-Bagaduce P108 Western-Pond-Hog Islands Bucksport P28 Verona Island-East P31 Frankfort Flats Castine P95 Holbrook Island P97 Bagaduce River Criehaven P82 Seal Island P84 Wooden Ball Island P88 Matinicus Rock Deer Isle P112 Carney Island P113 Pickering Island P122 Compass Island P160 Long-Green Ledges Frankfort P32 Marsh River Frenchboro P227 Pond Island Isle au Haut P131 Sparrow-West Halibut Is. P146 Bills-Pell-Burnt Islands P177 The Cow Pen P178 Great Spoon Island P179 Little Spoon Island P181 Eastern Ear Island P190 Kimball-Flake Islands P191 White-Green Ledges Islesboro P47 Parker Cove Matinicus Island Plt. P85 Matinicus Island-North Muscle Ridge Pol Hewett-Graffam-Pleasant Is. North Haven P54 Mark Island P56 Oak-Burnt Islands 21 Table 4. Class A Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Town Name Area Number Area Name Orland P27 Orland River P28 Verona Island-East Penobscot P97 Bagaduce River P98 Northern Bay-Bagaduce P99 Herrick Bay-Bagaduce Prospect P32 Marsh River Searsport P23 Stockton Harbor Sedgwick P99 Herrick Bay-Bagaduce Stockton Springs P23 Stockton Harbor P25 Fort Point Cove Stonington P129 Second-Andrews-Mark Is. P130 Scraggy Island P150 Spruce Island P157 Sheep Island Swans Island P196 Spirit Ledge P199 Ringtown Island P202 Heron Island P212 John's Island P221 Mackeral Cove P222 Seal Cove Verona P27 Orland River P28 Verona Island-East Vinalhaven P70 Narrows-Sheep-Green Is. P71 Saddleback Ledge-Brimstone I. P72 Roberts-Hay-Otter Islands P77 Lairey's-Crane-Crotch Is. Winterport P32 Marsh River 22 Table 5. Percentages of Penobscot Bay's marine wildlife populations and their habitats in each significance class by season. Spring Post Fall Annual % of all Winter Migration Nesting Nesting Migration Average Class Habitats % of Total Population A 20 35 30 50 50 34 40 B 30 35 40 35 34 34 35 C 50 30 30 15 16 32 25 Wildlife Conservation in Penobscot Bay Conservation of the biological productivity and diversity of Class A, B, and C wildlife habitats depends on man's ability to control the types and intensities of human activities within these areas. Guidelines to assist in the identifi- cation of appropriate types and levels of use within each of the three habitat categories are presented in the following section. Additional specific management recommendations are provided for Special Wildlife Features such as Bald Eagle Nest Sites, Great Blue Heron Colonies, and Colonial-nesting Seabird Islands. Applications of our findings and management guidelines to coastal resource allocation problems and processes are also presented. conservation guidelines for Class A, B, and C wildlife habitats are as follows: 1. Class A - Definition: An area of national and/or state significance for coastal wildlife. a. The existing habitat should not be degraded through alteration or development of the intertidal and submerged lands, or the shoreland buffer zone (250 ft. above mean high tide). Activities within these areas should not alter the existing biological community structure and function. Indigenous species populations should be maintained at (or exceed) existing levels b. A detailed land-use/wildlife conservation plan should be a required component of each town's comprehensive plan. This should be a cooperative effort by local land use planners and MDIFW personnel. C. In general, Class A areas should not experience any changes in the type or increases in the intensity of existing use. d. The most significant Class A areas should be targeted for special protection through inclusion in the MDIFW Coast of Maine Wildlife Management Area and/or Maine Coast Heritage Reserve. 24 2. class B Definition: An area of regional significance for coastal wildlife. a. The existing hab itat should be maintained in sufficient quality and quantity to support all coastal wildlife species indigenous to the area. b. Types of activities and development within the area should not be modified; however, the intensity of use or development may be increased. A 40% increase in the intensity of compatible uses is suggested as an upper limit. c. A land-use/wildlife conservation plan should be developed detailing specific wildlife values and identifying compatible human uses of the area. 3. Class C - Definition: An area of local significance for coastal wildlife. a. Both the types and intensities of existing uses could be modified. However, the general character of the area should remain intact. An increase of 75% in compatible uses is probably acceptable. Activities in these areas should not alter the structure and function of the. resident biological community. b. A land-use/wildlife conservation plan should be developed. 25 MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR SPECIAL WILDLIFE FEATURES MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR BALD EAGLE NEST SITES introduction. Bald eagles are the largest bird in Maine, having a wingspan of 7 to 8 feet and weighing between 8 to 15 pounds. They attain their adult plumage (a white head and tail) at 5 years of age, at which time they choose a mate for life. Bald eagles build large stick nests usually in prominent white pines or spruces located within one mile of marine habitats, shallow lakes and ponds, or along larger rivers. A pair of eagles returns to the same nest site yearly and will sometimes maintain up to 7 nests within their nesting territory. Bald eagles eat primarily bottom-dwelling fish during the summer months, but shift their diet to birds (primarily waterfowl and gulls) and carrion during the winter. Adult eagles remain near their nest year-round, however, young eagles may wander as far south as Chesapeake Bay before returning to Maine to nest. Eagles from Maine and the region from the Maritime Provinces and Ontario to Saskatchewan are known to winter in Maine. in addition to nesting areas, bald eagles require perch sites and winter roost sites located near feeding areas. Status. The bald eagle was declared an Endangered Species on the Federal Register in Maine and 43 other states in 1978, and is listed as endangered on the State of Maine Endangered Species List. Maine has the only nesting popula- tion of bald eagles in New England. In 1986, 85 pairs of eagles were found nesting in Maine and produced 75 young. Penobscot Bay has 10 active and 4 historic bald eagle nesting territories (Table 6). Reproductive rates in Maine remain lower than other populations in North America. However, because of the increased survival of young eagles, due in part to a winter feeding program, the population is still increasing. Protection of traditionally used nesting territories is a key factor in the long-term recovery of Maine's bald eagle population. Problems. Human influences such as disturbance around nest sites, shooting, environmental pollution, and habitat alteration have affected bald eagle populations. Bald eagle numbers in Maine began a slow but steady decline in colonial times, primarily as the result of habitat loss and human persecution. This decline was greatly accelerated in Maine after 1945, when DDT and other organochlorine pesticides were used extensively for spruce budworm and agricultural 26 go OW, me M im, Table 6. Active and historic bald eagle territories of Penobscot Bay- Area 1986 Status Last Year of Suitable Habitat/ Number Location Use - Production Eagle Residency Management Strategy P032 Bowden Point Active - 3 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement P054 Mark Island Active - 0 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement P056 Burnt Island Active - 1 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement P059 Calderwood Neck Unoccupied 1965@ Yes - Habitat Maintenance P068 Stimpson Island Unoccupied 1964 Yes - Habitat Maintenance P076 Folly Pond Unoccupied 1966 Yes - Habitat Maintenance P077 Crane Island Active - 2 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement P098 Youngs Island Active - 1 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement P099 Bear Head Active - 1 1986 Yes - Modif. Coop. Agreement P150 Ram Island Active - 1 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement P181 Isle au Haut Active - 0 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement P199 Ringtown Island Active - 1 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement P213 East Sister Island Unoccupied 1982 Yes - Habitat Maintenance P227 Pond Island Active - 2 1986 Yes - Cooperative Agreement 1Historic sites are presently inactive, but have been active at some time since 1962, when the first bald eagle surveys were begun. 27 __ pest control. These pesticides caused reproductive failure in many birds of prey, and were banned from use in North America in 1972. Bald eagles and other birds of prey have since responded with improvements in their reproductive success. Because of slow decomposition rates in Maine's forest soils, DDT still adversely influences the production of some pairs. Nevertheless, Maine's bald eagle population continues to produce more young each year. New breeding pairs of bald eagl6s in Maine have been found in recent years, and most often resume use of historic nest sites that were abandoned in the 1950's and 1960's. Today, a tremendous increase in land development and recrea- tion is occurring in mid and eastern coastal regions, and has already modified western coastal areas formerly occupied by nesting eagles. Habitat protection and management, particularly at the nest site, are essential to assisting the recovery of bald eagles in Maine. Protective Legislation. Bald eagles are protected under the Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940. Recently the law was strengthened, and is now known as the Eagle Protection Act, which prohibits anyone from "taking" any bald eagles, dead or alive, or any nest, egg, or parts of these birds. The Act defines "taking" as "to pursue, shoot, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap, collect, molest, or disturb." A violation of the Eagle Protection Act can result in fines of $10,000 to $20,000 or imprisonment for one or two years, or both. Bald eagles are also protected 'under the Endan- gered Species Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, both with restrictions and penalties similar to the Eagle Protec- tion Act. General Guidelines for Protection of Bald Eagle Nests. Eagles have a prolonged nesting season during which they are extremely sensitive to disturbance. Any activities near the nesting territory may be harmful from the time adults arrive at a nest to the period when young eaglets disperse in late summer. General dates for this critical period are 1 February - 31 August in coastal Maine and 1 March - 30 September in interior Maine. The first 2 months of the nesting season (courtship, nest repair, egg-laying, incuba- tion, and hatching) are especially critical, and disturbanc- es may cause nesting failure or even abandonment. Adult 28 eagles may occupy nesting territories throughout the year, particularly in coastal regions. Our protection recommendations consist of three concentric buffer zones which are less restrictive as the distance from the nest increases. This policy conforms with the protec- tion suggested in national recovery plans for bald eagles. Suggested shoreland zoning districts are those defined by the Maine Shoreland Zoning Act of 1971 (Appendix I). ZONE 1 - 0-330 feet from the nest should be maintained as an undisturbed nesting sanctuary. The natural habitat should not be modified at any time of the year unless such actions are deemed essential to site preservation by a consulting wildlife biologist. Recreational activities (hunting, fishing, hiking, boating) should not be permitted during the critical nesting period. All areas within this zone should be designated resource protection districts. Prohibited activities year-round: -Timber cutting without consultation with a wildlife biologist -Land clearing without consultation with a wildlife biologist -Road, trail, or building construction -Repeated human visitation Non-nesting period: -Activities should be kept to a minimum, but the following activities are acceptable: hiking, fishing (recreational and commercial), farming (plowing, planting, and harvesting) ZONE 2 330-660 feet from the nest should be limited to light land-use activities conducted only during the non-critical period. Areas used by eagles should be pre- served in a natural state. Any timber harvests should not exceed 20% of the available stand volume in this zone. Stand openings created by cutting should be distributed evenly through the stand, and each should not exceed an area of 7,500 square feet. All areas within this zone should be designated a resource protection district. Prohibited activities year-round: -Clear cutting -Land clearing (openings greater than 7,500 square feet) -Building permanent structures, roads, or trails 29 During--the critical nesting period: -Human activity should be minimized -Farming or commercial fishing is possible if wildlife biologists have found that nesting eagles are tolerant of these activities. Non-n.esting period: .-The following activities are acceptable: hunting, fishing, hiking, farming -Selective thinning or maintenance of timber s-Eands us-ing the guidelines stated above -Maintenance of existing roads or trails ZONE 3 - 660-1,320 feet from the nest should exclude new construction of roads and buildings. Specific sites valu- able to e 'agles (perching areas or potential nest trees) should be preserved, but there are no other land use re- strictions for activities conducted during the noncritical period. All areas within this zone should be designated resource protection or limited recreational-residential. Most activities are possible in this zone outside of the critical nesting season except construction of new buildings or roads. If construction is warranted, a wildlife biolo- gist should be consulted. Buildings and roads should be out of the line of sight from the nest and conform to at least a 75 foot setback from the shoreline. The integrity of the shoreline vegetation should be maintained by limiting cutting along the shoreline to only those trees 4 inches or less in diameter within the mandated resource protection zone. Other nest management guidelines 1) A supply of mature trees should be maintained in the area since eagles prefer old-growth trees to perch and build their nests. Tall white pines are the favored nest and perch trees for eagles in Maine. 2) Nearby shorelines offering perch trees are an important component of the nesting habitat and should be preserved in a natural state. These restrictions generally conform with local Shoreland Zoning ordinances. 3) Site enhancement measures (e.g. posting, provision of food to eagles, making snags available as perch trees, structural bracing of a nest in poor condition, and even building an artificial nest) are feasible and can be evaluated on a site by site basis. 30 4) Winter Habitat. Wintering bald eagles are more tolerant of human activity than nesting eagles. This minimizes land-use conflicts with wintering eagles and provides unique opportunities for coexistence and direct public enjoyment of bald eagles. 5 Historic Sites. Maine's coastal bald eagle population is presently expanding westward, recolonizing historic territories. Areas with documented use by nesting bald eagles since the first systematic eagle surveys began in 1962, should therefore be protected from major habitat alterations and large scale human development. A town's goal should be to distribute development projects in a known eagle wintering area such that development does not affect the existing levels of eagle activity. The integrity of wooded shorelines should be preserved as limited recreational-residential districts. This policy applied to all shorelines with the mandated-'75 foot resource protection zone provides uniform perching areas for eagles, widespread public viewing opportunities, and retains favor- able scenic and aesthetic values. Specifically, any cutting in the 75 foot shoreland protection zone should be restrict- ed to smaller trees (e.g. 4 inches or less in diameter) and large snags should be left along the shoreline for perch trees. In known communal roosting areas, an expanded 150 foot shoreline zone as a resource protection district is warranted. 31 MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR OSPREY NEST SITES Introduction. Ospreys or "fish hawks" are a common bird of prey in Maine, and have a wingspan of 421 to 6 feet. In flight, ospreys are distinguished from bald eagles by their white underparts, a dark patch at the sharp bend or "wrist" of the wings, and their habit of hovering before diving into the water to capture fish. They attain maturity at 3 years of age, at which time they choose a mate for life and begin building a large stick nest that they will return to each year. Osprey nests are typically near water, atop snags or live trees having dead, broken tops, but they occasionally nest on exposed rock ledges. Some ospreys are tolerant of human activity and build their nests on channel markers, utility poles and towers, and artificial platforms. A pair of ospreys may maintain 2 or 3 nests within their territory, selecting one to nest in each spring. At some sites in Maine, ospreys nest in colonies of 2 to 11 pairs. ospreys feed almost exclusively on "rough" fish. In the fall, both adults and young migrate to Central and South America, going as far south as Argentina and Chile. The young birds remain in southern quarters until maturity, when they return to nest near their place of birth. Status. The osprey population in Maine, as in many other regions of North America, is recovering from a dramatic decline. Like bald eagles, ospreys are extremely sensitive to environmental contaminants. ospreys are still classified as endangered in 8 states and threatened in 20 others. However, because of their greater reproductive rates and higher tolerance of human activity, the osprey population in Maine has increased dramatically during the last decade. Survival of these birds depends increasingly on the species' ability to associate with humans. Suitable nesting habitat adjacent to foraging areas continues to be lost, and many birds are forced to adapt to man-altered habitats. As a result, public awareness of ospreys has increased in recent years, and entire communities are now participating in osprey management projects, including artificial nest programs and protection of natural nest sites. Protective legislation. The osprey is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, and State of Maine Wildlife Laws which prohibit "possession, killing, trans- porting, selling, buying, or needlessly destroying the nest or eggs." 32 General Guidelines for Protection of Osprey Nesting and Feeding Areas Nesting Areas. The strong recovery of osprey populations in most parts of Maine, the birds' versatility of nest site selection, and the large turnover rates of nest sites, somewhat diminishes the benefits of intensive site specific management. Instead, we propose a less ambitious program for all but locally depleted and colonial nesting populations. As a general rule, during the critical nesting period osprey nests should be protected by a 600 foot forested buffer from new road, trail, and building construction, logging activity, or repeated human disturbance. General dates for the critical nesting period are: coastal Maine: April 1 to August 15 interior Maine: April 15 to August 15 The first 2 months of the nesting season (courtship, nest repair, egg laying, incubation, and hatching) are the most critical. Disturbances that cause an incubating or brooding bird to flush from the nest can cause nesting failure. Ospreys use a loud chirping call or will even attack when visitors venture too close to the nest. These behaviors should be sufficient warning to leave the nesting area. Signs warning the public to maintain respectable distances from nesting birds should be erected. Buffer Zones. Our protection recommendations consist of a single buffer zone around a nest, or comprehensive habitat management for colonial groups of osprey nests. Osprey nest management guidelines are more stringent in other regions where ospreys are an endangered or threatened species. Suggested shoreland zoning districts are those defined by the Maine Shoreland Zoning Act of 1971 (Appendix V). Single Osprey Nests. A forested buffer zone should be established 0-600 feet from the nest. During the critical nesting period, human activity should be minimized and should exclude new construction of major roads and build- ings. ospreys are variable in the amount of human distur- bance they will tolerate. Generally, pairs that build nests in close proximity to buildings, roads, or on bridge.piers, chimneys, channel markers, or utility poles have accepted human activity, and buffer guidelines may be modified after consulting with a wildlife biologist. All areas within this zone should be designated resource protection districts or limited recreational-residential. 33 Most activities are possible-in this _z.one outsi de of the critical nesting season except construction of major roads and buildings. If construction is warranted, a wildlife biologist should be consulted. Buildings and roads within the zone and adjacent areas should be out of the line of sight from the nest and conform to a 75 foot or greater setback from the shoreline. The integrity of the shoreline vegetation should be maintained by limiting cutting along the shoreline protection zone to only those trees 4 inches or less in diameter. Selective cutting within the 600 foot buffer zone'is accept- able outside of the critical nesting period, but harvest should be limited to 40% of the stand volume. A special effort should be made to preserve snags and clumps of tall trees for alternate nest sites. Prohibited activities year-round: -Clear cutting -Building permanent structures and major roads (see comments above concerning ospreys accept- ing human activity) During the critical nesting period: -Human activity should be minimized -Farming or commercial fishing is possible if wildlife biologists have found that nesting ospreys are tolerant of these activities During the non-nesting period the following activities .are acceptable: -Hunting, fishing, hiking, farming -Selective thinning of forest stands up to 40% of stand volume -Maintenance of existing roads or trails Colonial Nesting Areas. Colonial groupings of osprey nests .(more than 1 pair per 200 acres) should be buffered collec- tively. The guidelines delineated above should be applied to each individual nest, the colony boundaries should be delineated by a wildlife biologist, and the integrity of the 250 foot shoreline zone should be maintained. Colonial nesting ospreys are rare in Maine and indicate the proximity of a unique, highly productive feeding area or a 'severe shortage of suitable nesting habitat. All colonies should be delineated as resource protection districts. Prohibited and acceptable activities are the same as those for single osprey nests. 34 Other osprey management guidelines: 1) A supply of mature trees and snags should be main- tained along the shoreline for potential nest sites. Tall white pines and broken-topped spruces are favored nest and perch trees for ospreys in Maine. 2) Maintaining the integrity of wooded shorelines greatly enhances osprey nesting and perching habitat. Minimum setbacks of 75 feet or greater for building or road construction along a wooded shoreline not only complies with shoreland zoning ordinances but lessens the influence of new con- struction on ospreys, eagles and other wildlife. 3) In addition to maintaining a shoreland buffer, forestry operations within 1200 feet of the shore- line should adopt provisions to preserve large snags and leave isolated clumps of tall over-mature trees of low merchantable value. ospreys and eagles will often nest in these residual trees. 4) Community artificial nest platform programs have been successful for ospreys. Artificial platforms can be used to provide a nest site in areas that lack sufficient natural sites, replace insecure natural nests, relocate nests away from excessive disturbance, and substitute nests located on hazardous or conflicting man-made structures. The design and placement of nest platforms should be under the direction of wildlife personnel. Feeding Areas. The restoration and enhancement of fish populations, especially anadromous runs of alewives and shad, and rough fish such as suckers and bullhead, will greatly benefit ospreys, eagles, herons and a host of other wildlife. Working fish ladders should be constructed and maintained at dam sites. Environmental contaminants, especially substances known to impair the reproduction of ospreys and eagles (such as organochlorine pesticides, PCB's, mercury and lead) should not be introduced into the environment, especially near known feeding or nesting areas. Ospreys are a high profile wildlife species and have gener- ated tremendous public interest and awareness. Their recent population increase in Maine is an indicator of the health and well-being of their natural environment. Conversely, a decrease in a town's osprey population is an indicator of 35 environmental degradation. It should be a town's goal to maintain or increase their osprey population (Table 7). Because this species is more adaptable to man's activities, a variety of less stringent management options are avail- able. Nevertheless, only careful municipal planning today will ensure a healthy population of ospreys in the future. To answer any questions about proposed activity in the vicinity of an osprey feeding or nesting area, contact the MDIFW regional wildlife biologist. 36 Table 7. Number of osprey nests in Penobscot Bay by wildlife area. Area Number Number Area Name of Nests Pool Hewett-Graffam-Pleasant Islands 13 P052 Lassell-Lime-job Islands 11 P003 Dix-High-Otter Islands 9 P113 Pickering Island 9 P002 Andrews Island 5 Polo Sheep Island 5 P024 Cape Jellison 5 P047 Parker Cove 5 P118 Great Spruce Head Island 5 P039 Ram-Seal-Flat Islands 4 P040 Seal Harbor 4 P046 Turtle Head 4 P064 Stand-in Point 4 P066 Mill River 4 P114 Beach-Barred-Colt Head Islands 4 P154 Saddleback-Enchanted Islands 4 P009 Monroe Island 3 P043 700-Acre Island - North 3 P053 Mouse-Saddle-Goose Islands 3 P065 Pulpit Harbor 3 P076 The Basin 3 P081 Crockett Point 3 P112 Carney Island 3- P115 Bradbury-Crow Islands 3 P117 Butter-Barred Islands 3 P124 Eagle Island 3 P129 Second-Andrews-Mark Islands 3 P157 Sheep Island 3 P013 Rockport Harbor 2 P022 Sears Island 2 P033 Winterport 2 P054 Mark Island 2 P059 Calderwood-Babbidge Islands 2 P061 North Haven Town 2 P073 Greens Island 2 P074 Vinalhaven Town 2 P078 White Island 2 P108 Western-Pond-Hog Islands 2 Pilo Scott-Two Bush Islands 2 P121 Little Spruce Head Island 2 P135 Crotch Island 2 P158 Eastern Mark Island 2 P190 Kimball-Flake Islands 2 P007 Ash Island 1 P014 Camden Harbor 1 37 Table 7. Number of osprey nests in Penobscot Bay by wildlife area (continued). Area Number Number Area Name of Nests P023 Stockton Harbor 1 P025 Fort Point Cove 1 P029 Bucksport 1 P031 Frankfort Flats 1 P044 Philbrook Cove 1 P045 700-Acre Island - South 1 P050 Islesboro - East 1 P056 Oak-Burnt Islands 1 P057 Sheep-Dagger Islands 1 P058 Oak Hill-Mullen Head Island 1 P063 Dumpling Islands 1 P068 Seal Bay 1 P069 Stoddard-Smith Islands 1 P077 Lairey's-Crane-Crotch Islands 1 P080 Green-Dogfish Islands 1 P094 Wadsworth Cove 1 P107 Little Deer Isle - North 1 P109 Little Deer Isle - South 1 P119 Horsehead Island 1 P120 Resolution Island 1 P126 Northwest Harbor 1 P130 Scraggy Island 1 P133 Hardwood-Ewe-Ram Islands 1 P141 St. Helena-George Head Islands 1 P142 Bare Island 1 P143 McGlathery-Round-Gooseberry Islands 1 P146 Bills-Pell-Burnt Islands I P149 Coombs Islands 1 P151 Devil-Bold Islands 1 P152 Webb Cove 1 P163 Long Cove. 1 P164 Freese Island 1 P166 Stinson Neck - North 1 P168 Black-Bear Islands 1 P172 Campbell Island-Fish Creek 1 P186 Moores Harbor 1 P221 Mackerel Cove 1 P222 Seal Cove 1 P229 Naskeag Point 1 P230 Babson Island 1 P232 Torrey Islands 1 P233 Brooklin 1 38 MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR COLONIAL NESTING SEABIRD ISLANDS Introduction. Between three and four thousand islands and exposed ledges comprise the Maine archipelago. Three hundred and fifty of these are of special significance because they are used as traditional sites by twenty species of colonial-nesting seabirds. Many of these birds are at the northern or southern limit of their range, and for several (common eider, black guillemot, Atlantic puffin, razorbill auk, great cormorant, Leach's storm petrel), Maine is the only one of the contiguous 48 states with breeding populations. Status. Populations of colonial nesting seabirds throughout Maine were decimated by the late 1800's from overharvest for meat, eggs, and feathers. The growing list of vanishing species sparked national interest, and was the issue of concern which prompted formation of the National Audubon Society, and led to the drafting and promulgation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918. Those birds which survived the excessive exploitation of the 19th century responded well to the protective legislation, which coincided with the collapse of many island-based economies. Numerous island communities were abandoned, allowing historic seabird islands to be recolonized by their former residents. It is of the utmost importance to under- stand that both the protective legislation and the off-island emigration of people were requisite to the rapid recovery of many species we have observed during the past six decades. Had 19th century levels of human disturbance and occupation of breeding habitat been maintained, existing legislation would have been inadequate in providing the "climate" required for this recovery. The recent explosion of development along the coast is threatening to reverse the recovery trend through the escalating demands on islands for recreation and homesites. To maintain Maine's populations of colonial nesting sea- birds, these nesting islands must be made available to the birds in an undeveloped and undisturbed state. Penobscot Bay supports more than 26,000 pairs of nesting marine birds on 123 islands and ledges (Tables 8 and 9). Many of the seabird islands are already protected from development through acquisition or easement by state agen- cies and conservation organizations, and are posted with 39 Table 8. Nesting marine birds of Penobscot Bay. Nesting Common Name Scientific Name Colonies Pairs Leach's storm petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa 7 941 Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 5 62 Double-crestedcormorant Phalacrocorax auritus 47 5,043 Great blue heron Ardea herodia 3 71 Canada goose Branta canadensis 4 4 Common eider Somateria mollissima 89 8,890 Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus 10 10 Osprey Pandion haliaetus 69 110 Great black-backed gull Larus marinus 83 2,831 Herring gull Larus argentatus 73 5,804 Laughing gull Larus atricilla 2 48 Terns' Sterna �pp.- 17 1,016 Razorbill Alca torda 1 15 Black guillemot Cepphus grylle 53 1,@918 Common puffin Fratercula arctica 1 125 Total 26,887 lIncludes Common terns (Sterna hirundo) and Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea). 4W, 90 signs describing permitted activities and periods of use. The most important nesting islands under LURC jurisdiction have been zoned as resource protection areas. Development on islands remaining in private hands is regulated by municipal zoning ordinances, state environmental laws and the goodwill of the owners. ProtectiveLegisiation. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, and State of Maine Wildlife Laws provide limited protection through the regulation of harvest, and prohibition of harassment outside designated hunting seasons, including needless destruction of nests or eggs. Management Guidelines Colonial-nesting marine birds are extremely vulnerable to the effects of human disturbance during the nesting season, which extends from 1 April through 15 August for most species. Disruption of nesting birds at this critical time can result in excessive mortality of chicks and eggs from predation and exposure. During this period, all human use of the islands should be prohibited. Activities around the islands should be conducted far enough off shore to prevent flushing birds from the nest, or approximately 1/4 mile. Development or building should not be allowed on seabird nesting islands, except in very rare cases where the nesting colony is located in a relatively small area of a large island, and adequate visual buffers can be maintained to prevent disturbance. Limited construction may be permitted only after review and approval by a wildlife biologist. All seabird nesting islands should be posted with signs identifying the island as a nesting sanctuary, and explain- ing prohibited activities and periods of use. Boaters should be able to interpret signs at 200 feet from the shore. Periods of restricted use may vary somewhat from the 1 April to 15 August guidelines for islands with late-nesting species such as Leach's storm petrels, black guillemots and terns. Prohibited activities will also vary depending on the nesting species. Guidelines for human use of any seabird nesting island should be developed by the appropriate MDIFW biologist, and implemented through cooper- ative agreements with private land owners and state agencies having ownership of, or jurisdiction over, seabird islands. In general, low intensity recreational use, such as picnick- ing and hiking can be permitted outside the nesting season. The building of fires should be prohibited at all times. 41 All seabird nesting islands in Penobscot Bay (Table 9) should be zoned resource protection districts, and MDIFW recommendations should be incorporated into the land-use guidelines for these districts. Variances should not be granted without review and approval of the application by MDIFW personnel. 42 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabirdl islands of Penobscot Bay by town. Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs Brooklin P232 Torrey Island West 59-758 Common Eider 45 Herring Gull 2 P236 Mahoney Island 59-933 Herring Gull 200 Black-backed Gull 25 Double-crested Cormorant 65 common Eider 175 Guillemot 12 Smuttynose Island 59-931 Common Eider 30 Herring Gull 3 4@1 Black-backed Gull 3 Guillemot 6 Brooksville P101 Buck Island 59-672 Common Eider 6 Black-backed Gull 2 P102 Spectacle Islands 63-688/ Terns 2 63-673 Common Eider 100 Herring Gull 600 Black-backed Gull 5 P104 Thrumcap Island 59-669 common Eider 33 Terns 120 Black-backed Gull I Herring Gull 1 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabirdi islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs P108 Fiddlehead Island 59-680 Common Eider 2 Green Ledge 59-674 Double-crested Cormorant 29 Black-backed Gull 19 Western Island 59-675 Common Eider 40 Guillemot 75 Little Pond Island 59-676 Common Eider 20 Guillemot 6 Criehaven P082 Seal Island 63-923 Leach's Storm Petrel 335 Double-crested Cormorant 27 Common Eider 200 Black-backed Gull 200 Herring Gull 200 Guillemot 200 P084 Wooden Ball Island 63-917 Leach's Storm Petrel 25 Common Eider 164 Black-backed Gull 35 Herring Gull 60 Laughing Gull 8 Terns 65- Guillemot 200 ow, ow, ma aw so, OM, low on, M low an Mtn I= no go 001-ftw@@Mm NOOMM MMIM Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabird 1 islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs P087 Brig Ledge 63-934 Double-crested Cormorant 15 Green Ledge 63-929 Double-crested Cormorant 107 Common Eider 90 Black-backed Gull 13 Herring Gull 10 Guillemot 15 Pudding Island 63-924 Leach's Storm Petrel 2 Common Eider 350 Black-backed Gull 4 Herring Gull 18 Guillemot 5 En Seal Ledge 63-931 Guillemot 2 Shag Ledge 63-925 Guillemot 2 P088 Matinicus Rock 63-940 Leach's Storm Petrel 550 Common Eider 40 Black-backed Gull 75 Herring Gull 125 Laughing Gull 40 Terns 400 Razorbill 15 Guillemot 175 Puffin 125 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabird 1 islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs Deer Isle Pilo Scott Island-West 59-709 Common Eider 138 Two Bush Island 59-681 Common Eider 15 Black-backed Gull 35 Double-crested Cormorant 225 P113 Bar Island 59-724 Common Eider 17 P114 Barred Island 59-684 Common Eider 4 Beach Island 59-687 Common Eider 5 Colthead Island 59-685 Common Eider 40 Black-backed Gull 56 Herring Gull 36 Double-crested Cormorant 145 Guillemot 20 P116 Hardhead Island 59-782 Common Eider 90. Double-crested Cormorant 153 Herring Gull 30 Black-backed Gull 150 Guillemot 32 P117 Barred Island 59-783 Canada Goose 1 OM @M) 'M Ift 'OM Mao MM map Man =I MM W M Table 9. colonial-nesting seabird 1 islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. island Name Number Species Pairs P118 Scrag Island 59-788 Double-crested Cormorant 35 Herring Gull 70 Black-backed Gull 127 Common Eider 20 P119 Horsehead Island 59-770 Common Eider 14 P120 Resolution Island 59-686 Common Eider 4 P121 Little Spruce Head 59-772 Common Eider 500 Black-backed Gull 1.1 P122 Compass Island 59-790 Common Eider 600 Herring Gull 85 Black-backed Gull 15 Guillemot 35 Canada Goose 1 Grass Ledge 59-789 Common Eider 230 Herring Gull 2 Guillemot 20 Black-backed Gull 21 P123 Channel Rock 59-792 Common Eider 4 Black-backed Gull I Terns 1 Sloop Island 59-795 Common Eider 31 Black-backed Gull 8 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabirdi islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs Sloop Island Ledge 59-796 Herring Gull 2 Black-backed Gull 11 Spoon Ledge .63-011 Black-backed Gull 7 Double-crested Cormorant 127 Common Eider 25 Herring Gull 10 Guillemot 8 P125 Bald Island 59-803 Herring Gull 45 Black-backed Gull 4 Common Eider 60 Guillemot 2 00 Grass Ledge 59-802 Double-crested Cormorant 355 Black-backed Gull 150 Herring Gull 50 Common Eider 15 P159 Shabby Island 59-996 Common Eider 75 Black-backed Gull 40 Herring Gull 200 Guillemot 3 P160 Green Ledge 59-949 Black-backed Gull 10 Double-crested Cormorant 127 Frenchboro P227 Lamp Island 59-346 Black-backed Gull 1 Isle au Haut P131 Sparrow Island 63-200 Double-crested Cormorant 175 Common Eider 34 Black-backed Gull 72 Herring Gull 26 ift on so, Ifto M so MM M M MSOMMMM M M MMM M M M Table 9. colonial-nesting seabirdl islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting ToWn/Area No. Island Name Number species Pairs West Halibut Ledges 63-206 Double-crested Cormorant 224 Black-backed Gull 4 P177 The Cow Pen 63-283 Terns 58 P178 Great Spoon Island 63-287 Terns 328 Herring Gull 215 Black-backed Gull 200 Guillemot 9 Common Eider 36 Double-crested Cormorant 13 Great Cormorant 4 P179 Little Spoon Island 63-289 Herring Gull 20 Black-backed Gull 5 Double-crested Cormorant 25 Common Eider 100 Great Cormorant 37 Guillemot 20 P180 Black Horse Island 63-294 Double-crested Cormorant 25 Great Cormorant 5 White Horse Island 63-293 Double-crested Cormorant 32 Great Cormorant 9 P191 Green Ledge 59-266 Common Eider 38 Black-backed Gull 50 Double-crested Cormorant 104 Herring Gull 50 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabird islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs White Ledge 63-267 Double-crested Cormorant 75 Black-backed Gull 7 Herring Gull 20 Common Eider 100 P192 North Popplestone Ledge 63-261 Herring Gull 1 Little I. NE of Fog 1. 63-263 Herring Gull 10 Black-backed Gull 14 Common Eider 11 S. Popplestone Ledge 63-265 Guillemot 1 Common Eider 13 Ln CD Herring Gull 2 Black-backed Gull 7 Terns 4 P193 Southern Mark Island 63-260 Black-backed Gull 60 Herring Gull 30 Double-crested Cormorant 130 Common Eider 63 Guillemot 23 Islesboro P039 Flat Island 77-047 Double-crested Cormorant 228 Common Eider 474 Herring Gull 900 Black-backed Gull 25 P044 700-Acre Island 77-054 Great Blue Heron 54 sm M" 4m; sm M" 4W as am law so so man M mm MWM mmm M M MMM mmm Table 9. colonial-nesting seabirdl islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs Matinicus Island Plt. P085 No Man's Land 63-900 Leach's Storm Petrel 20 Double-crested Cormorant 108 Common Eider 800 Black-backed Gull 60 Herring Gull 50 Guillemot 100 Two Bush Island 63-901 Common Eider 75 Black-backed Gull 20 Herring Gull 50 Guillemot 15 U1 P086 Ten Pound Island 63-920 Common Eider 125 Black-backed Gull 16 Herring Gull 42 Guillemot 35 P089 Large Green Island 63-655 Common Eider 65 Black-backed Gull 18 Herring Gull 15 Terns 20 Guillemot 40 P090 Little Green Island 63-654 Common Eider 300 Black-backed Gull 50 Herring Gull 150 Double-crested Cormorant 390 Guillemot 1 Terns 4 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabird islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs Muscle Ridge Pool Nettle Island 63-222 Common Eider 15 Hurricane Island 63-626 Common Eider 35 Herring Gull 60 Double-crested Cormorant 42 Hewett Island 63-628 Guillemot 3 Graffam Island 63-634 Great Blue Heron 25 Crow Island 63-651 Common Eider 5 Ln Little Two Bush Island 63-652 Common Eider 5 Two Bush Island 63-653 Common Eider 75 Herring Gull 10 P002 Andrews Island 63-432 Guillemot 4 Crescent Island '63-411 Double-crested Cormorant 19 Herring Gull 3 Guillemot 10 P003 Oak Island 63-421 Common Eider 12 Herring Gull 25 Otter Island 63-410 Common Eider 75 Black-backed Gull 2 Herring Gull 5 P008 Fisherman Island 63-402 Common Eider 225 Black-backed Gull 75 Herring Gull 150 Double-crested Cormorant 465 Guillemot 12 M, 4M 'as -ON 'SW = mm MM mmm M mm-mm ADM M MM Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabird 1 islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs Marblehead Island 63-403 Double-crested Cormorant 78 Common Eider 30 Black-backed Gull 30 Herring Gull 10 Guillemot 30 North Haven P053 Goose Island 63-336 Common Eider 33 Herring Gull 3 Black-backed'Gull 4 Mouse Island 63-330 Black-backed Gull 18 Herring Gull 7 Double-crested Cormorant 160 Ln Common Eider 157 P054 E. Goose Rocks 63-335 Guillemot 10 Common Eider 15 Black-backed Gull 27 Herring Gull 8 Double-crested Cormorant 39 P055 Robinson Rock 63-341 Double-crested Cormorant 87 Common Eider 90 Guillemot 25 P056 Oak Island 63-012 Canada Goose 1 Common Eider 1 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabird islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs P057 Dagger Island 63-015 Common Eider 22 Black-backed Gull 5 The Downfall 63-016 Common Eider 9 Guillemot 4 Terns 1 P058 Hog Island 63-017 Common Eider 13 Canada Goose 1 P063 Sugar Loaves 63-465 Common Eider 12 Herring Gull 1 Ln P144 Egg Rock 63-333 Double-crested Cormorant 48 Owls Head Polo Cutters Nubble 63-398 Common Eider 20 Herring Gull 20 Sheep Island 63-393 Guillemot 2 Rockport P012 Ram Island 63-323 Common Eider 30 Double-crested Cormorant 76 Herring Gull 80 Black-backed Gull 10 P014 Goose Rocks 63-314 Herring Gull 12 Black-backed Gull 1 Double-crested Cormorant 74 Common Eider 3 '00 do, Table 9. colonial-nesting seabirdi islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs Stockton Springs 9 P024 Fort Point Ledge (monument) NN Double-crested Cormorant Stonington P130 Scraggy Island 59-836 Black-backed Gull 5 Great Blue Heron 40 South Scraggy Island 59-837 Black-backed Gull 5 P132 Moose Island Ledge 59-830 Common Eider 1 Black-backed Gull 1 P157 Sheep Island 59-953 Great Blue heron 6 U1 Lq swans Island P194 saddleback Island 59-999 Common Eider 25 Guillemot 6 Double-crested Cormorant 19 Herring Gull 13 Black-backed Gull 10 P195 Halibut Rocks 59-991 Black-backed Gull 10 Common Eider 8 Herring Gull I Double-crested Cormorant 41 P196 spirit Ledge 59-998 Guillemot 30 Herring Gull 6 Double-crested Cormorant 23 Great Cormorant 7 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabird islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs P198 Three Bush Island 59-980 Common Eider 67 Black-backed Gull 26 Herring Gull 17 P201 Mason Ledge 59-481 Common Eider 25 Herring Gull 18 Black-backed Gull 20 Terns 1 Guillemot 25 P202 Heron Island 59-480 Herring Gull 650 Black-backed Gull 150 Un Terns 2 Common Eider 200 Guillemot 7 P203 Brimstone Island 59-479 Terns 4 Guillemot 40 Herring Gull 20 Black-backed Gull 5 Common Eider 10 P206 Gooseberry Island 59-398 Common Eider 30 Black-backed Gull 13 Herring Gull 32 Terns 1 P212 John's Island 59-483 Black-backed Gull 400 Common Eider 400 Guillemot 300 Double-crested Cormorant 81 Herring Gull 600 IM, as low, MM M M M MMM MMM MM MMM M M W Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabirdi islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs P221 Crow Island 59-359 Common Eider 12 Black-backed Gull 28 Herring Gull 5 Roderick Head Ledge 59-367 Common Eider 3 Black-backed Gull 1 P223 I. East of Phinney 59-356 Common Eider 1 P225 Egg Rock 59-950 Double-crested Cormorant 19 Un Vinalhaven P068 Big Smith I. Ledge 63-089 Terns 1 P070 Green Ledge 63-135 Double-crested Cormorant 68 Black-backed Gull 25 Guillemot 15 Green Island 63-129 Guillemot 2 P071 Brimstone Island 63-176 common Eider 200 Herring Gull 80 Black-backed Gull 10 Guillemot 200 Leach's Storm Petrel 5 Little Brimstone 1. 63-179 Black-backed Gull 25 Common Eider 50 Herring Gull 103 Guillemot 10 Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabird islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs P072 Carvers Island 63-166 Herring Gull 125 Black-backed Gull 50 Common Eider 500 Guillemot 30 Hay Island 63-169 Common Eider 60 Herring Gull 25 Black-backed Gull 5 Guillemot 6 Leach's Storm Petrel 4 Otter Island 63-183 Guillemot 40 Herring Gull 160 co Black-backed Gull 40 Common Eider 200 Roberts Island 63-174 Common Eider 700 Double-crested Cormorant 67 Guillemot 40 Herring Gull 150 Black-backed Gull 50 Roberts Island 63-175 Double-crested Cormorant 138 Common Eider 25/ Herring Gull 10 Black-backed Gull 5 M M -M MvW M W M amm M M M M M M W Table 9. Colonial-nesting seabirdl islands of Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Island Registry Nesting Town/Area No. Island Name Number Species Pairs P075 Deadman Ledge 63-170 Black-backed Gull 10 Hurricane Island Ledge 53-526 Double-crested Cormorant 34 Common Eider 5 Black-backed Gull 7 Little Hurricane I. Ledge 63-516 Common Eider 5 Black-backed Gull 1 P076 Flat Island 63-106 Common Eider 1 Terns 4 Cn I'D Guillemot 1 P079 Green Ledge 63-493 Double-crested Cormorant 337 Common Eider 13 Black-backed Gull 104 Herring Gull 61 Guillemot 2 Medric Rock 63-496 Double-crested Cormorant 44 Herring Gull 1 Black-backed Gull 1 P080 Green Island 63-485 Black-backed Gull 21 Double-crested Cormorant 2 Common Eider 61 1Does not include osprey or bald eagles. MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL GREAT BLUE HERON COLONIES Introduction. The stately great blue herons are the largest and most well-known of Maine's wading birds. Returning to the state in March or April from their more southerly wintering grounds, adult herons reclaim nests from the previous year in colonies ranging in size from two to over two hundred nesting pairs. During the nesting season (approximately 1 April through 15 August) nests are repaired or built anew, and clutches of usually 3-4 eggs are laid and incubated until the young hatch in late May or early June. Young are fed on the nest until they fledge in July or August, at which time the birds abandon the nesting colony and disperse to coastal and inland feeding areas. Fall migration extends into November, with an occasional bird or two remaining in coastal areas during mild winters. . I Coastal nesting colonies are typically-located on islands or peninsulas remote from human disturbance, and are often several miles from feeding areas. Nests are built of sticks near the tops of either softwood or hardwood trees, and are typically re-used from year to year until the nest tree dies and blows down, or the colony abandons the site. The two most important factors governing the continued presence of both inland and coastal nesting great blue herons in Maine are the availability and abundance of undisturbed nesti4g habitat and undisturbed, uncontaminated feeding areas. Human disturbance of a nesting colony can cause: 1) abandonment of the entire colony; 2) mortality of eggs and young on the nest from predation (gulls, ravens, eagles) and exposure; and 3) starvation and predation of young that leave the nest before they are able to fly (adults will not feed young on the ground). Great blue herons feed on a variety of fresh and salt water organisms. Small fish and marine invertebrates are captured in tidal pools and creeks. Frogs, small fish, and the larger freshwater invertebrates are taken in shallow fresh- water habitats. Because many of its prey concentrate chemicals from the water column and bottom sediments, the great blue heron is extremely vulnerable to the cumulative effects of pollutants entering the water from residential, industrial and agricultural sources. in many states, pollu- tion of feeding areas from agricultural run-off and other sources has reduced populations to the point of extirpation. 60 Status. Maine has the only coastal nesting population of great blue herons in New England, and the largest population north of Virginia (Korschgen 1979). Twenty island colonies, with 1,208 active nests, were located along the Maine coast in 1983 (Gibbs and Woodward, 1984). At that time, Penobscot Bay included 7 of these colonies, with 200 nesting pairs, representing 17% of Maine's coastal nesting population. Three of these colonies have been abandoned since the 1983 survey, one as the result of human disturbance (cutting of trees), two for unknown reasons. A new colony was discovered in 1984. The present nesting population for the region is 131 pairs in 5 colonies (Table 10). Three of these colonies are located on small islands, one is on a small peninsula on a large island, and one is on a large, mainland peninsula. Protective Legislation. Great blue herons are protected by the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act and State of Maine Wildlife Laws, which prohibit "possessing, killing, transporting, selling, buying, or needlessly destroying the nest or eggs". Management Guidelines Nesting Colonies. Guidelines for activities around heron colonies are the same for both coastal and inland sites, and follow closely the guidelines for bald eagles. Herons are sensitive to disturbance from the time adults arrive at the colony, until the young fledge. General dates for the nesting period in coastal Maine are: 1 April through 15 August. The first 2 months of this season are devoted to courtship, nest repair, egg-laying, and incubation, and are an especially sensitive period. Disturbance within or adjacent to the colony during this time can cause individual nest failures or abandonment of the entire colony. Management recommendations around a heron colony consist of two concentric buffer zones around the colony proper (Zone 1): ZONE 1 - is the nesting colony proper, and is delineated by the outer-most nest trees of the colony. Human activity is prohibited in this area during the above-defined nesting season. Alteration of the existing natural habitat is prohibited at all times unless deemed beneficial to the preservation of the colony by a professional wildlife biologist. The colony area should be incorporated in a resource protection district. 61 Table 10. Great blue heron colonies of Penobscot Bay. Area No. Location Town Nesting Pairs Fresh Pond1 Brooksville 6 P044 Philbrook Cove Islesboro 54 Pool Graffam Island Muscle Ridge 25 P130 Scraggy Island Stonington 40 P157 Sheep Island Stonington 6 1This colony, which is in the interior of Cape Rosier, is not included in a designated wildlife area. ZONE 2 - (300-600 feet from the perimeter of the colony). Activities permitted in this zone are the same as those permitted for buffer zone 2 under the Bald Eagle Management Guidelines. ZONE 3 - (660-1,320 feet from the colony perimeter). Activity and land use restrictions are the same as those outlined for buffer zone 3 of f-he Bald Eagle Management Guidelines. Deviations from these guidelines should not be permitted without review and consent by a professional wildlife biolo- gist. These buffer zones are the minimum level of protection that should be provided to heronries. Because the effects of human disturbance to a colony depend on factors including stage of the nesting cycle, habituation to human activity, size of colony and type of habitat surrounding the colony, any major developments proposed within one mile of a heronry should be reviewed by a wildlife biologist to assess poten- tial effects to the colony and to recommend appropriate buffer zones and timing of activities. 62 MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR SHOREBIRD FEEDING AND ROOSTING AREAS Introduction. Shorebirds are a closely related group of species that are represented in Maine by the sandpipers, plovers, turnstones, curlews, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The Maine coast is most important as a feeding and resting area for over 25 species of migratory shorebirds. Six species, including the endangered piping plover, breed along the coast, and one species, the purple sandpiper, is a winter resident. Shorebirds should receive special management consideration because large numbers of these birds depend on coastal habitats in Maine for feeding and resting during their long migration from the Arctic breeding grounds to'South American wintering areas. During their brief stay in Maine, most shorebirds feed intensively on intertidal invertebrates and nearly double their weight in fat reserves. This fat is used as fuel for the nonstop 2,600 mile transoceanic flight. Although migratory shorebirds are observed briefly in Maine (from July to September), the coastal habitats they use are critical to the continued success of their annual migra- tions. Status. Shorebird populations are still recovering from tremendous population declines incurred in the late 1800's and early 1900's resulting from market hunting. Several species including the Eskimo curlew, golden plover, and whimbrel are still rare today. However, the continued recovery of all shorebird species depends particularly on conservation of fall migration areas (Maine and the Bay of Fundy region), wintering quarters (coastal South America) and spring migration stopovers (central U. S. and Canada). Today, habitat loss and degradation are a major threat to shorebird populations. The piping plover, which nests in southern Maine, was recently placed on the Endangered Species List because of habitat loss and problems associated with human disturbance near nest sites. Protective Legislation. In 1900, the Lacey Act prevented the interstate transfer of birds and effectively stopped the exportation of shorebirds shot in Maine to markets in Boston and New York City. Now, all shorebirds are fully protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The piping plover is also protected by the federal Endangered Species Act and the Maine Endangered Species Act. 63 General Guidelines for Protection of Shorebird Feeding and Roosting Areas The continued importance of the Maine coast to migrating shorebirds depends on the conservation of their feeding and roosting habitats. Commonly used feeding areas include mudflats, salt marshes, sand and gravel beaches, mussel bars, blueberry fields, and bogs. Major roosting habitats are gravel and sand beaches and bars, salt marshes, rocky ledges, fields, and pastures. Each species has preferred feeding and roosting habitats. The importance of a region to a particular species depends on the abundance of its preferred habitats in that region. In general, conservation of intertidal mud and sand flats, sand beaches and gravel bars would provide feeding and resting areas for a diversity of shorebird species. The greatest numbers of shorebirds migrate through Maine between 10 July and 10 September. For most species, adult shorebirds leave the arctic breeding grounds before the young can fly, and juvenile birds follow three to four weeks later. Purple sandpipers are the only species that winter in Maine in substantial numbers. Feeding Areas. Protection recommendations consist of applying the existing shoreland zoning districts (Maine Shoreland Zoning Act of 1971) to protect the most important shorebird feeding areas in Penobscot Bay (Table 11). In addition, activities should be restricted that would sub- stantially alter the integrity of the existing shoreline or influence the abundance or species composition of the intertidal invertebrate populations that the shorebirds utilize for food (eg. dredging, filling, construction of piers, jetties, seawalls, discharge of human and industrial waste.) Shorebirds may shift to other feeding areas if excessive alterations or destruction of intertidal habitats occur. However, it should be a town's goal to protect and enhance it's existing shorebird feeding areas through wise land-use practices and informational posting of important sites during the period of peak use (see below). Shorebird feeding areas should be zoned resource protection or limited recreational-residential. In residential or urban areas, the integrity of the existing shoreline should be maintained. Human activity should be discouraged from 10 July to 10 September, during peak migration. Activities that would diminish the intertidal invertebrate diversity or abundance should be prohibited year-round. 64 Table 11. Shorebird feeding and roosting sites in Penobscot Bay by town. Town and Area Number Area Name Brooklin P236 Mahoney Island Brooksville P096 Smith Cove P097 Bagaduce River P101 Weir-Horseshoe Coves Castine P093 West Penobscot P094 Wadsworth Cove P097 Bagaduce River Criehaven P082 Seal Island P087 Ragged Island Deer Isle P112 Carney Island P118 Great Spruce Head Island P122 Compass Island P126 Northwest Harbor P127 Southwest Harbor P128 Crockett Cove P160 Long-Green Ledges P162 Inner Harbor P163 Long Cove P166 Stinson Neck-North Frenchboro P227 Pond Island Isle au Haut P131 Sparrow-West Halibut Islands P146 Bills-Pell-Burnt Islands P177 The Cow Pen P183 Western Head P186 Moore's Harbor P190 Kimball-Flake Islands P191 White-Green Ledges P192 Fog Island Islesboro P047 Parker Cove 65 Table 11. Shorebird feeding and roosting sites in Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Town and Area Number Area Name Matinicus Island Plt. P085 Matinicus Island-North P092 Southern Triangles Muscle Ridge Pool Hewett-Graffam-Pleasant Islands P003 Dix-High-Otter Islands North Haven P053 Mouse-Saddle-Goose Islands P055 Robinson Rock P064 Stand-in Point Orland P027 Orland River Owls Head Polo Sheep Island Penobscot P093 West Penobscot P098 Northern Bay-Bagaduce Stockton Springs P023 Stockton Harbor P025 Fort Point Cove Stonington P128 Crockett Cove P129 Second-Andrews-Mark Islands P130 Scraggy Island P132 Stonington-West P135 Crotch Island P140 Camp Island P141 St. Helena-George Head Islands P143 McGlathery-Round-Gooseberry Islands P148 No Man's Island P150 Spruce Island P151 Devil-Bold Islands P155 Sheldrake-Haskell Ledges P156 Shingle Island P157 Sheep Island P161 Whitmore Neck P162 Inner Harbor 66 Table 11. Shorebird feeding and roosting sites in Penobscot Bay by town (continued). Town and Area Number Area Name Swans Island P195 Halibut Rocks P196 Spirit Ledge P198 Three Bush Island P204 Hat Island P209 Scrag-Green Islands P222 Seal Cove P225 Egg Rock P226 Opechee Island-Long Ledge Verona P027 Orland River P028 Verona Island-East Vinalhaven P069 Stoddard-Smith Islands P070 Narrows-Sheep-Green Islands P071 Saddleback Ledge-Brimstone Island P072 Roberts-Hay-Otter Islands P075- Hurricane Island P077 Lairey's-Crane-Crotch Islands P079 Medric Rock-Green Ledge P081 Crockett Point 67 During the peak migration period (10 July to 10 September): -Human activity should be regulated (particularly in Class A and B wildlife areas) -Light to moderate intensity clam or worm digging, commercial fishing (except dragging), and recrea- tion are permitted. Prohibited activities year-round: -overboard discharge of sewage or other environmental contaminants on or near mud or sand flats used by shorebirds. -Activities such as dredging or filling on feeding areas, or dragging within 1/2 mile of mean low tide of feeding areas that would cause deposition of sediment should be prohibited, especially in Class A and B wildlife areas. Most activities are possible in shorebird feeding areas outside of the migratory period, except dredging, filling, or dragging. Building and road construction, forestry and agricultural activities should be out of the line of sight from the feeding area and conform to at least a 75 foot or greater setback from the shoreline. Roosting Areas. Roosting habitats are extremely limited and are highly traditional. The physical characteristics of a roost site offer shorebirds protection from adverse weather and predators, in addition to a place to rest at high tide. Good roost sites are limited and shorebirds will travel for miles to a well-protected roost at high tide. Many roosting areas have been used by shorebirds since colonial times. The loss of these areas would severely decrease the number of shorebirds that successfully migrate through Maine. All shorebird roosting areas and the adjacent shoreline within 300 feet of each roosting area should be classified resource protection districts and maintained as sanctuaries. The natural habitat should not be modified at any time of the year unless such actions are deemed essential to site preservation after consulting with a wildlife biologist. Recreational activities (hunting, fishing, hiking, boating) should not be permitted during the migratory period. Within this 300 foot protection zone: Prohibited activities year-round: -Land clearing without consultation with a wildlife biologist. -Road, trail, or new building construction. 68 During the migratory period: -Human activities should be minimized. Posting of the area may be warranted. During the non-migratory period: -Hunting, fishing, hiking, commercial fishing, and farming are acceptable. -Selective thinning or maintenance of timber stands within the 300 foot zone i,s accept- able. 69 MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR EIDER MOLTING AREAS Introduction and Status Maine is the only one of the contiguous 48 states supporting a breeding population of the Common eider (Somateria mollissima), with more than 22,000 pairs nesting on 240 islands along the coast of Maine (Korschgen 1979). Penobscot Bay supports an estimated 8,805 pairs on 89 islands, representing 40% of the State's breeding popula- tion (Tables 8 and 9). once incubation by the females is underway, drakes (male birds) migrate to traditional sites in late June and July to undergo a complete wing molt. Females delay molting until their young have hatched and moved off the nesting islands to shoal-water brood-rearing areas, where the chicks of several hens (female eiders) combine into creches (flocks of chicks from several females). During this molting period, which lasts approximately one month, the adult birds congregate in large flocks (more than 10,000 birds have been observed at some sites). All the primary flight feathers are lost simultaneously, leaving the birds flightless for a period of approximately three weeks. Because eiders use their wings to propel themselves underwa- ter, they may be unable to feed during some portion of the flightless period. However, birds may feed heavily at these sites prior to the molt, in order to build up the protein and fat reserves required for body maintenance and replace- ment of feather tissue. High energetic demands are there- fore being made at a time when birds are least able to replenish these reserves. Because the molting eiders cannot fly, they are exceptionally vulnerable to both avian and aquatic predators. This may explain why the birds congre- gate into large flocks - ie. "safety in numbers" reduces the chances of any individual being taken by a predator. Eider molting sites in Maine are important not only to our own birds, but to the Canadian Maritime population, as well. The numbers of molting eiders observed along Maine's coast during the late summer and early fall (Hutchinson, personal communication) suggest that Canadian birds, probably from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, are migrating to Maine for their molt.' This migration allows males to remove them- selves from areas where they would otherwise compete with females and chicks for food. Many of these sites are also important concentration areas for large wintering flocks of eiders. 70 The primary threats to molting eiders from human activities are: 1) disturbance of flocks by boaters; 2) depletion of their food resource through intensive harvesting for blue mussels (the eider's primary food).; and 3) oil spills. Boating activity in proximity to molting flocks causes dis- turbed birds to expend energy required for the molting process. For females, whose energy reserves are already @everely depleted by the demands of recent egg-laying and incubation (Korschgen 1976), the additional stresses of at-' tempting to flee disturbance may contribute to the death of birds from starvation. Because flightless birds concentrate in large flocks during the molt, an oil spill in the vicinity of a major molting area could threaten a significant portion of Maine's breeding population. The following recommendations for protection of eider molting areas are admittedly general in nature. As we learn more about the specific habitat requirements of molting eiders, and as human activity and demands for exploitation of marine resources increase, more specific guidelines will be developed. The locations of eider molting areas are identified on the town maps. Protective Legislation. The Migratory Bird Treaty.Act of 1918, and State of Maine Wildlife Laws provide limited protection through the regulation of harvest, and prohibition of harassment outside designated hunting seasons, including needless destruction of nests or eggs. General guidelines for the conservation of molting eider sites. Any human activities which would cause repeated disturbance of molting eider flocks should be prohibited. Such activi- ties include, but are not limited to, intensive recreational boating traffic, and harvesting and mining of marine resources. Activities within 1/4 mile of a designated eider molting area should not alter the existing biological community structure and function. Indigenous species populations should be maintained at existing levels. Shipping lanes for the transport of petroleum products and other toxic materials should be located at a distance sufficient to ensure negligible chances for adverse impacts to nearby molting areas in the advent of a spill. 71 MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR SEAL HAUL-OUTS Introduction Maine has the largest population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) of any Atlantic state, and supports the only significant breeding population in the eastern United States. Gray seals (Halichoerus grypus), which are much larger than the harbor seal, are uncommon but regular visitors to Maine's coast, and usually found around remote offshore ledges and islands. The gray seal does not breed in Maine, and although pups are occasionally seen, they have probably dispersed from their birthplaces around Sable Island or the Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada. Populations of both species were severely depleted by overharvesting through the middle part of this century, but have increased dramatically during the past twenty years in response to protective legislation. ProtectiveLegislation All seals are protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, and State of Maine Wildlife Laws, which recognize the aesthetic and economic value of seals. Under these laws it is prohibited to harass, take, import, possess, transport, sell, or offer for sale unlawfully taken seals. status Maine's population of harbor seals has more than doubled since 1973, to an estimated 13,000 plus animals in 1986 (Gilbert and Stein, 1981; Wynne, personal communication). Seventeen hundred pups were sighted in 1986 (Wynne, personal communication), of which approximately' 25% were born on traditionally used islands and ledges in Penobscot Bay.. Estimates of Maine's gray seal population are not reliable. only a handful were sighted during this study. All seals use half-tide ledges and island beaches for resting and whelping, and these sites are necessary for the survival of both adults and young. Whelping or "pupping" sites are used from year to year by the same breeding females, many of which were probably born on these same ledges (Cowperthwaite, unpubl. data). These specific sites are important because of their proximity to high quality feeding areas, combined with a lack of human disturbance. 72 The attributes of food availability and lack of disturbance also determine selection of haul-out ledges by nonbreeding and post-breeding seals (Ronald, Selley and Heally, 1982). Adult seals undergo a complete pelage molt in mid to late summer. This is a physiological stressful period demanding additional rest to sustain the increased metabolic activity associated with skin and fur replacement. Guidelines for Protection of Seal Haul-outs Human disturbance and contamination from oil spills are the primary threats to seals at haul-outs. Curious boaters approaching too close to hauled-out seals, or actually landing on the islands and ledges, will force seals to flee into the water. Young pups can easily become permanently separated from their mothers, resulting in a slow death by starvation. Pups are born without a thick layer of blubber, and must rely on solar energy for thermoregulation during the first few weeks of life. Until pups have acquired a layer of blubber, long periods of immersion in Maine's cold coastal waters can cause death from hypothermia. Curious pups are also slow to avoid boats, and are therefore vulnerable to injuries from boat propellers. The hazards to marine mammals from oil spills are well-documented. Ingestion of petroleum products, and oiling of fur can cause death. Spills in proximity to major pupping areas could be especially disastrous, affecting hundreds of seals. Our recommendations for protection of seal haul-outs focus on minimizing both exposure to human disturbance and the potential for involvement with major oil spills. Informational signs should be posted at major boat launching areas and marinas explaining the problems of human distur- bance to seals, and requesting that boaters avoid harassment by remaining at least 200 ft. from all seals, whether hauled-out or in the water. Wildlife tour boats should be required to observe the NOAA guidelines for distances to be maintained from marine mammals. Siting of major marinas and oil tanker shipping lanes should avoid important haul-out areas. The location of seal haul-outs are indicated on the town maps. 73 Recommendations for Integrating Wildlife Values Into Coastal Resource Planning and Development. Conservation of Penobscot Bay's wildlife depends on the judicious allocation of diverse coastal resources to mini- mize the negative effects of human development and use. Following are several recommendations for using the habitat classifications and guidelines for Class A, B, and C areas, and the management guidelines for Special Wildlife Features to guide both the development and protection of the coastal resources which support Penobscot Bay's abundant wildlife. Land-use planning and development Site location The prioritized, site-specific information on signifi- cant coastal wildlife habitats provided in this report should be incorporated into the site-location permit review process required by the Site Location and Development Act: - to determine if the proposed activity is compatible with the recommended conservation guidelines for use of the area. - to propose and/or evaluate alternate site locations based on the relative significance of each site to coastal wildlife. - to make recommendations for mitigation of unavoidable development-related reductions in the wildlife value of a site, and for compensation through in-kind protection of coastal wildlife concentration areas supporting a similar species composition and abundance in the same geographic region. Shoreland and Municipal Zoning and Planning The ranking of wildlife areas and specific recommenda- tions for protecting highest-priority sites included in this report will serve to guide towns in the allocation of coastal resources through land-use zoning. Towns containing all or part of a Class A area should be required to develop and implement specific strategies (not limited to zoning) for conservation of the sites within their comprehensive town plans. Minimum protection levels should be those outlined under the 74 management guidelines for Class A areas. For sites/towns with multiple special wildlife features, the most conservative buffer zones and human use restrictions should be implemented. All requests for development permits or the granting of variances within the recommended protection zones around Class A and B sites and special wildlife features should be reviewed by the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. Coastal Public Recreation and Access Evaluation of proposed sites for coastal public recrea- tion and access should incorporate the preceding information on important coastal wildlife areas and the recommendations for permitted human activities within these zones. For many of these sites, recreational activities are compatible with conserving the wildlife value of the area. The presence of wildlife usually enhances the value of an area for public recreation, and for appro- priate sites, can provide an opportunity for public education about wildlife and other coastal resources. Prioritizing sites for protection by public and private conservation organizations. This is perhaps the most obvious application of the information contained in this report. Identification of the relative statewide, regional, or local importance of sites to individual species on a seasonal basis, as well as the composite ranking of areas, allows conservation organizations to focus acquisition and other protection efforts on the most valuable wildlife areas (i.e. Classes A and B). This expedites efficient use of limited manpower and funds to provide maximum levels of protection. Marine Resource Planning Aquaculture site location Aquaculture of a variety of marine species is expanding along the Maine coast, and demand for sites is expected to escalate rapidly during the coming decade. The relationships between aquaculture activities and marine bird and seal use of an area have not been adequately addressed in Maine. Information from other states and 75 countries where aquaculture is well-established indi- cates that some animals may benefit from certain types of aquaculture operations. However, increased human disturbance, alteration of the original habitat, and I'crop" depredation by wildlife make other aquaculture activities incompatible with existing wildlife use of an area. The wildlife concentration areas identified in this report should help identify potential wildlife conflicts at proposed aquaculture sites. current criteria for granting of aquaculture le ase sites do not adequately address potential and predicted conflicts with marine birds and seals. As a first step towards incorporating conservation of these animals into marine resource allocation plans, MDIFW should be involved in the permit review process for aquaculture sites. Permits for aquaculture leases in Class A and B areas should not be granted without MDIFW approval. Research must be initiated to evaluate the effects of various aquaculture activities on marine systems and the coastal wildlife the support. Only then can specific management strategies be developed and implemented to resolve conflicts. Prioritizing areas for comprehensive marine resource conservation and management. The Class A and B coastal wildlife areas identified in this report are, for the most part, shoal-water areas of high invertebrate productivity. While it has not been scientifically analyzed, it is probable that the distribution of those areas supporting the largest populations of marine birds correlates well with the value of these areas to commercial fisheries resources. This value may be related directly through the presence of commercially harvestable fin and shellfish, or indirectly through the importance of these sites as nursery areas for commercial species and production areas for other organisms in the food web of commercial species. Evaluating and ranking marine fisheries production areas, and overlaying these on ranked coastal wildlife areas, will help clarify the location and overall ecological importance of specific coastal habitats. 76 Those sites which are identified as the most ecologi- cally productive should be protected through inclusion in a coastal biological reserve system. Multiple use of these areas need not be excluded, but long-term conservation and management of biological resources should not be compromised by any proposed or ongoing activity. Oil spill contingency planning, and siting of petroleum storage and transport facilities. The ranking procedures used in this report were origi- nally developed, in part, to identify important wild- life habitats for incorporation into oil-spill contin- gency planning. For a complete discussion of this application for ranked coastal wildlife information, the reader is referred to the Casco Bay Coastal Re- sources Inventory, 1981, published by the Department of Environmental Protection. Knowledge of the location of habitats of greatest significance for coastal wildlife, and the seasonal distribution and abundance of species within and among these sites, enables oil spill response teams to direct their efforts towards these highest priority areas, thereby reducing the losses to wildlife in the event of a spill. Petroleum storage and transport facilities, and traffic lanes for oil tankers should not be expanded in Penobscot Bay because of the state and national signif- icance of the region for marine wildlife. Traffic lanes should avoid Class A, B, or C areas as much as possible, particularly those supporting marine bird nesting islands, molting eider flocks, and major seal haul-outs.. The eleven core laws of Maine's Coastal Program govern human activities in the coastal zone (Appendix I) and provide a mechanism through which the guidelines for conserving Penobscot Bay's marine wildlife habitats can be implemented. However, regulation alone is inadequate for long-term conservation of Penobscot Bay's marine wildlife habitats and the species they support. Certain particularly unique or vulnerable areas will require absolute protection from human development activities and general disturbance. This will require unprecedented levels of commitment, cooperation, and compromise by local residents, state agencies and private conservation organizations. 77 The Penobscot Bay Conservation Plan is but one small part of this initiative for conservation of Maine's wildlife heri- tage. Through this plan, the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife has provided information which we hope will be integrated into existing programs and policies for natural resource conservation, and which will promote the develop- ment of new programs and policies, both at the local and state levels, to improve the ability of Maine's citizens to protect their wildlife heritage. The Penobscot Bay Plan is a pilot project, and the authors encourage constructive comment and criticism by all inter- ested individuals. All comments should be directed to the authors at the following address: Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Endangered and Nongame Wildlife Program P.O. Box 1298 Bangor, Maine 04401-1298 (Telephone: 207-941-4466) 78 REFERENCES Albright, J. L. 1981. Behavioral and physiological responses of coastal-wintering black ducks (Anas rubripes) to changing weather in Maine. M.S. Thesis, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 72pp. Adamus, P. 1978. 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Serv., Newton Corner, MA. Gibbs, J. and S. Woodward. 1984. Breeding colonies of great blue herons on Maine coastal islands. Report to: The Nature Conservancy, Brunswick, ME. 36pp. Gilbert, J. R. and J. L. Stein. 1981. Harbor seal populations and marine mammal-fisheries interactions. Annual rept. to NMSF, U. S. Dept. Comm., Woods Hole, MA. 45pp. Groves, S.. 1978. Age-related differences in ruddy turnstone foraging and aggressive behavior. Auk 95(l):95-103. Haefner, P. A. 1967. Hydrography of the Penobscot River Estuary. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 24(7):1553-1571. Hartman, F. E. 1960. Ecology of black ducks wintering in the Penobscot Estuary. Unpubl. M.S. thesis, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 142pp. Hatch, R. W. 1971. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity data for the Penobscot River and Estuary, 1966-1970. Maine Water Resources Center, Orono, ME. 19pp. (Mimeographed). Hebard, F. V. 1959. Waterbirds of Penobscot Bay. Portland Soc. of Nat. Hist. 36pp. 1960. The land birds of Penobscot Bay. Portland Soc. of Nat. Hist. 39pp. 80 Horton, D. B., M. P. Morris, P. J. Beves, and D. Littleton-Taylor. 1976. An assessment of the past, present and future of commercial and recreational fishing in the vicinity of Sears Island, Maine. TRIGOM, publication No. 11. Hunt, J. H. 1948. The Atlantic harbor seal in the coastal waters of Maine. ME. Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, ME. Hunt, G. L., Jr. 1972. Influence of food distribution and human disturbance on the reproductive success of herring gulls. Ecology 53(6):1051-1061. Hutchinson, A. E. 1977. An appraisal of the fishery and wildlife resources of the Bangor Area Coastal Planning Unit. State Planning Office, Augusta, ME. 13pp. I and H. E. Spencer, Jr. 1975. An appraisal of the fishery and wildlife resources of the Upper Penobscot Bay Planning Unit. Me. Dept. of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Report to the Coastal Planning Group, State Planning office, Augusta, ME. and R. C. Ferrero. 1981. Casco Bay Coastal Resources Inventory.. Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, ME. I and S. J. Lovett. 1983. Marine Wildlife Inventory of Sheepscot Bay, Maine. Dept. Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Augusta, ME. 147pp. , and 1984. Muscongus Bay Marine Wildlife Inventory and Evaluation. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Augusta, ME. 103pp. Kadlec, J. A. and W. H. Drury. 1968. Structure of the New England herring gull population. Ecology 49:644-476. Katona, S., W, Steiner and H. Winn. 1977. Marine mammals. in A summary and analysis of environmental information on the continental shelf from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras. Center for Natural Areas Report to the U. S. Bureau of Land Management, New York. Knight, 0. W. 1908. The birds of Maine. C. H. Glass, Bangor. 693pp. 81 Korschgen, C. E. 1976. Breeding stress of female American eiders. PhD. Thesis, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 110pp. 1 1979. Coastal waterbird colonies:Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Ser., Biol. Ser. Prog., FWS/OBS-79-09. 83pp. Lynch, M. P. (Ed.). 1985. Gambling with the shore. Proc. of the Coastal Soc. 9th Annual Conference. 426pp. Maine Department of Environmental Protection. 1978.' An oil pollution prevention, abatement and management study for Penobscot Bay, Maine. Maine Department of Environ- mental Protection, Augusta, ME. Maine State Planning Office. 1972. The Penobscot Bay resource plan. Maine State Planning Office, Augusta, ME. 1977. Maine coastal inventory. Handbook and resource maps. Maine State Planning Office, Augusta, ME. McGilvrey, F. B. 1967. Food habits of sea ducks from the Northeastern United States. Wildfowl 18:142-145. McIntyre, J. W. 1978. Wintering behavior of common loons. Auk Vol. 95 Pages 396-403. April 1978. Mendall, H. L. 1949. Food habits in relation to black duck management in Maine. J. Wildl. Manage. 13(l):64-101. Minot, E. 0. 1976. American eider rearing ecology in the Grand Manan Archipelago, N.B. Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 90pp. Newcombe, C. L. 1935. A study of the community relationships of the sea mussel, Mytilus edulis. Ecology, 16(2):234-243. ostericher, C., Jr. 1965. Bottom and subbottom investigations of Penobscot Bay, Maine, 1959. U. S. Naval Oceanog. Office Tech. Rept. 173. 177pp. Packard, C. M. 1960. Check list and calendar graph. Pg. 58-67 in G. S. Pettingill, ed. Enjoying Maine birds, Maine Aud. Soc., Falmouth, ME. Palmer, R. S. 1949. Maine birds. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 102., Harvard College, Cambridge, MA. 82 1962. Handbook of North American Birds, Vol. 1. Loons. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. 569pp. . 1976a. Handbook of North American Birds, Vol. 2. Waterbirds, Part 1. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. 560pp. . 1976b. Handbook of North American Birds, Vol. 3. Waterbirds, Part 2. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. 560pp. Pierson, E. C. and J. E. Pierson. 1981. A Birder's Guide to the Coast of Maine. Down East Books, Camden, ME. 224pp. Reading, C. J. and S. McGrorty. 1978. Seasonal variations in the burying depth of Macoma balthica and its acces- sibility to wading birds. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 6(2):135-144. Richardson, D. T. 1973. Feeding habits and population studies of Maine's harbor and gray seals. Final report, Maine Dept. of Marine Resources, Augusta, ME. Roberts, D. 1976. Mussels and pollution. Pages 67-81 in Marine mussels, their ecology and physiology. B. L. Bayne (ed.). International Programme 10; Cambridge Univ. Press. Rofritz, D. J. 1977. Oligochaeta as a winter food source for the oldsquaw. J. Wildl. Manage. 41(3):590-591. Ronald, K., J. Shelley and P. Healey. 1982. Seals. Pages 769-827 in-J. A. Chapman and G. A. Feldhamer, eds. Wild Mammals of North America. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. Baltimore. 1147pp. Sarbello, W. 1973. Renesting of the American eider in Penobscot Bay colonies. M.S. Thesis, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 67pp. Seed, R. 1976. Ecology. Pages 13-67 in Marine mussels, their ecology and physiology. B. L. Bayne (ed.). International Biol. Prog. Co. Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 13-67. Stalmaster, M. V. and J. R. Newman. 1978. Behavioral responses of wintering bald eagles to human 'activity. J. Wildl. Manage. 42(3):506-513. 83 Stott, R. S. and D. P. Olson. 1973. Food-habitat relationships of sea ducks on the New Hampshire coast- line. Ecology 54(5):996-1007. Timson, B. S. 1977. Coastal marine geologic environments for the Maine coast. Open file maps, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, ME. Townsend, W. C. 1969. Exposed cove and adjacent ocean: wintering bird survey. Am. Birds 23(3):545. 1976. Exposed cove and adjacent ocean: win@_ering bird survey. American. Birds 27(3):690. TRIGOM-PARC (The Research Institute of the Gulf of Maine). 1974. A socio-economic and'environmental inventory of the north Atlantic region, Vol. 1. Bk. 3. South Portland, ME. Tyler, H. R. 1977. Wading birds in Maine and their relevance to the Critical Areas Program. Unpubl. rept. on file, State Planning Office, Augusta, Me. 52pp. Vickery, P. D. 1978b. Northeast-Maritime region. American Birds 32(2):174-480. Wakely, J. S. 1973. An analysis of banding and recovery data for the American eider. M.S. Thesis, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 91pp. and H. L. Mendall. 1976. Migrational homing and survival of adult female eiders in Maine.. J. Wildl. Manage. 40(l):15-21. White, H. C. 1957. Food and natural history of mergansers in salmon waters in the maritime provinces of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. p116. 84 I I I I I I I I I I APPENDICES I I I i I I I I I -.- 85 Appendix I REGULATIONS GOVERNING HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN THE BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF COASTAL MAINE (Adapted from Fefer, S. I. and P. A. Shettig (Eds.) 1980. An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Maine. Off. Biol. Serv., U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Newton Corner, MA.). The regulations governing freshwater, (palustrine, lacustrine, and riverine systems), tidal (marine, estuarine, and riverine systems) and terrestrial habitats are summa- rized below. In addition to those pertaining to habitats, numerous regulations exist concerning native species and their habitats (e.g., the Endangered Species Act, Migratory Bird Conservation Act, and Marine Mammal Protection Act). Regulations Pertaining to Palustrine, Lacustrine, and Riverine Systems In Maine, limited direct Federal and State controls exist over palustrine, lacustrine, and riverine systems. The federal agencies with direct regulatory authority over Maine's freshwater aquatic habitats are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). The EPA controls discharge of pollutants in all waters and wetlands of the United States. The EPA can rescind a State,program. Any activities involving the discharge of dredged or fill material in United States waters, including all adjacent wetlands, are under the permit authority of the COE. Although it has no direct regulatory authority, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) plays an important advisory role in the issuing of permits by the COE and EPA. Under the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, the FWS assesses the impacts on fish and wildlife of all water and water-related land resource development projects that are funded by the Federal Government or are constructed under a Federal permit or license. Federal permits for water-related development are reviewed by the FWS to encourage avoidance of adverse impacts on fish and wildlife and their habitat, particularly wetlands. Also, under the Migratory Bird Conservation Program and the Land and Water Conservation Program, the FWS can acquire habitat (significant migratory waterfowl habi- tat, habitat for endangered species, important wildlife areas, and recreational and wilderness areas) that may include wetlands and other habitats. These acquisitions become part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. 86 Table 1. State Laws and Administrative Agencies Regulating Use of Coastal Maine Habitats. Administrative System and law agencya Palustrine, Lacustrine, and Riverine Protection and Improvement of Waters DEP Site Location of Development Act DEP and LURC Solid Waste Management Act DEP Oil Discharge Prevention and Pollution Control Act DEP Stream Alteration Act DEPb Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act DEP Subdivision Law MPB and LURC Land Use Regulation Law LURC Great Ponds Act DEP Estuarine and Marine Site Location of Development Act DEP Coastal Wetlands Act DEP and LURC Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act DEP Protection and Improvement of Waters DEP Oil Discharge Prevention and Pollution Control Act DEP Marine Resources Management Law DMR Land Use Regulation Law LURC Terrestrial Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act DEP Subdivision Law MPB and LURC Site Location of Development Act DEP Solid Waste Management Law DEP Land Use Regulation Law LURC Protection and Improvement of Air Law DEP aDEP = Department of Environmental Protection; DIFW Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; MPB = Municipal Planning Board; LURC = Land Use Regulation Commission; and DMR = Department of Marine Resources. bIn 1986, administrative authority for the Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act was transferred from the State Planning Office to the Department of Environmental Protection. 87 Other Federal agencies that play an indirect role in the regulation of freshwater habitats in coastal Maine are it-Ine U.S. Forest Service (research and management in relation to forest practices), Soil Conservation Service (technical. assistance programs in relation to resource conservation.), National Park Service (acquisition and management), and U.S. Geological Survey (research). In addition, Executive Ord'17-rs 11988 (Floodplain Management) and 11990 (Protection of Wetlands) require each agency to take steps to minimize impacts on, restore, and preserve floodplain and wetland areas. On the State level, 11 laws exist to manage coastal resourc- es by guiding development and by conserving natural reso-@i--:c- es declared by the State municipalities to be in need of protection. of the 11 laws, eight pertain to freshwater aquatic systems in organized townships and one pertains tc.) these systems in unorganized townships. The laws regulate uses of lakes, rivers, streams, brooks, and wetlands adja- cent to these habitats.. Great ponds (lakes) as defined b- the State include natural lakes larger than 10 acres (4 In- and artificial lakes larger than 30 acres (12 ha) and by two or more parties. This legislation does not cover significant number and acreage of small wetlands that do, drain or connect with lakes or streams. The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) administers five of the seven laws. These include: Protection and Improvement of Waters, Site Location of Development Act, Solid Waste Management Act, Oil Discharge and Prevention Control Act and the Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act. Und Protection and Improvement of Waters, the DEP has authority over all discharges of waste waters into Mairie waters (this includes all aquatic systems except those are confined and retained completely upon the property one party and do not drain into or connect with any othe@. waters of the State). Besides being licensed, any dis,-,@, must receive "best practicable treatment" and must not the quality of any classified body of water below its classification level or any unclassified body of water belr)w the classification level that the DEP expects to adopt (see appendix B). The $.jte Location of Development Act requires the Board. '_(D 11 ... control the location of those developments substantially affecting local environment in order to ensure that suclf, development will be located in a manner which will haVe a minimal adverse impact on the natural environments or the-l-,.- surroundings." This includes projects larger than 20 @ic-,.-e- (8 ha) and those covering more than 60,000 sq ft. This acl-. 88 requires persons proposing such development in an organized township to obtain a permit from the DEP. The permit will be either granted or denied depending upon several criteria, two of which are that no unreasonable adverse effect on the natural environment will occur and that the proposed development will be built on soil types that are suitable to the nature of the undertaking. The Land Use Regulation Commission administers this law in unorganized townships. Administered by DEP, the Solid Waste Management Act includes certain criteria developed to protect ground and surface water resources. The major criteria include: (1) all refuse must be placed at least 5 feet (1.5 m) above the level of groundwater, (2) site sloping must be less than 15%, (3) site boundary limits must not be closer than 300 feet (92 m) to a classified body of water,' (4) site boundary limits must not be closer than 1000 feet (305 m) to the nearest residence or potable water supply, and (5) surficial material must consist ofwell-graded granular material containing from 15% to 40% fine sands and must be relatively free of cobbles. This act is designed to protect all freshwater aquatic habitats from runoff from solid waste in organized townships. The Oil Discharge Prevention and Pollution Control Act is designed (1) to protect the coast of Maine from damage caused by oil spillage, by prohibiting the unlicensed discharge of oil (coastal waters extending 12 miles, 19 km, seaward), and (2) to regulate the manner in which transfers of oil are conducted. Although DEP holds the major responsibility for decision-making with regard to licenses and conditions and violations of this act, several other State agencies are involved in administering it. The Division of Oil Conveyance Services of the Department of Environmental Protection is in charge of administering licenses, cleaning up oil spills, and research and develop- ment. Enforcement is the duty of the State Attorney Gener- al. The Department of Marine Resources (MDMR) and U.S. Coast Guard must be consulted for advice before any anchor- age regulation is adopted. The Stream Alteration Act applies to freshwater aquatic areas. This act, administered by the DEP protects (through issuance of permits upon approval by the Commissioner) all streams, rivers, or brooks or the adjacent land against any dredge, fill or construction activities. Any palustrine wetland adjacent to or contained within a stream, river, or brook is protected,under this act. Certain lakes also are protected, as this law applies to tributaries, of which 89 lakes are often a part. A large number and acreage of palustrine wetlands and some lakes are not regulated under this act. The Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act administered by DEP requires all organized towns to establish zoning controls on all navigable ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams and ocean frontage (land 250 feet or 76 m within the high water mark). Palustrine wetlands, steep slopes, and flooplains associated with these water bodies are classified as Resource Protection Districts. Palustrine wetlands not associated with the above types of water bodies may be zoned by individual towns as Resource Protection Districts. Those towns that have failed to comply with Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act are under State zoning jurisdiction. The Subdivision Law requires all municipal authorities in organized townships to assure that a proposed development meets certain standards. For approval, the proposed devel- opment must have (1) a sufficient supply of water, (2) an adequate method of sewage disposal, (3) must not cause undue air and water pollution, soil erosion, or unsafe highway conditions, and (4) must not interfere with scenery. All requests for subdivision (three or more lots created within a 5-year period) approval must be reviewed by the municipal planning board. The Land Use Regulation Commission enforces the Subdivision Law in unorganized townships. The Land Use Regulation Law promotes principles of sound land use planning in unorganized areas. The Land Use Regulation Commission has planning and zoning powers and development control over townships, plantations, and coastal islands that are unorganized. The areas under its jurisdic- tion are divided into protection, management, and develop- ment districts. Any activities within "protection subdistricts" must be approved by the Commission. Palustrine wetlands may be zoned under four of these protec- tion subdistricts (Unusual Wetland, Fish and Wildlife, Shoreland, and Great Pond). Lacustrine and riverine areas may be zoned under six of these subdistricts (Flood Prone, Fish and Wildlife, Great Pond, Recreation, Shoreland, and Unusual Wetland). The Great Ponds Act, which applies to lacustrine systems, prohibits construct.ion without a permit of causeways, bridges, marinas, wharves, and other permanent structures, and filling and dredging in or on land adjacent to Great Ponds [natural lakes larger than 10 acres (4ha), and artifical lakes larger than 30 acres (12 ha) owned by two 90 or more parties]. The Great Ponds Act may apply to a limited number of open water palustrine habitats that have been classified by the State as Great Ponds. The DEP is the State agency responsible for administering the Great Ponds Act. Applications are reviewed by DEP staff with recommendations from other State departments (particularly MDIFW) and, in unorganized townships, the Land Use Regulation Commission. The Critical Areas Program of the State Planning Office influences the regulation of aquatic habitats. This program registers the locations of unique and critical areas, such as unique bogs, rare plants, colonial waterbird colonies, and unusual plant communities. MDIFW owns, protects, and manages palustrine and riverine wetland areas in the coastal zone. Wetlands under MDIFW ownership are ensured protection. MDIFW and the FWS (Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge) have been involved in marsh protection and management programs (palustrine, riverine, and lacustrine wetlands) intended to improve habitats for waterfowl. In addition, these organ- izations manage coastal wetlands and islands used by migra- tory birds (see atlas map 3). Regulations Pertaining to Estuarine and Marine Systems in @Eoastal Maine Several direct Federal and State controls exist over the estuarine and marine systems in Maine. Federal agencies with direct regulatory authority over these systems are the EPA, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the COE. The EPA controls discharge of pollutants in all waters of the U.S., including the estuarine,and marine systems. Along with the U.S. Coast Guard, EPA regulates spills of oil and hazardous substances that may occur in the estuarine and marine systems. EPA and COE (COE has the permit authority to regulate activities involving discharges of dredged or fill material in all waters of the U.S) provide the frame- work for reviewing proposed discharges of dredged or fill materials to evaluate their physical effects and potential for chemical contamination. Although the FWS has no direct regulatory control over the estuarine and marine systems, it plays a direct advisory role in regulatory practices. Under the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, FWS must assess the impacts on fish and 91 wildlife of all water and water-related land resource development projects that are funded by the Federal Govern- ment or constructed under a permit or license. It provides information to federal construction or regulatory agencies and to permit applicants. Such involvement includes analyz- ing and reporting on construction proposals and applications for dredge and fill permits issued by the COE, ocean-dumping permits issued by the EPA, bridge and causeway permits issued by the U.S. Coast Guard, license applications submit- ted to the Federal Power Commission and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and any proposed Federal construction affecting living fish and wildlife resources. FWS also plays a direct role in regulatory practices concerning the estuarine and marine systems through its acquisition of significant migratory waterfowl habitat (under the Migratory Bird Conservation Act) and of habitat for endangered species (under the Migratory Bird Conservation Act) and of habitat for endangered species (under the Endangered Species Act), and recreation and wilderness areas (under the Water Conser- vation Act). All acquisitions become part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The National Marine Fisheries Service's primary responsibil- ity is to protect and conserve the estuarine, marine, and anadromous fish resources. Twenty Federal laws mandate NMFS involvement in fish habitat protection. NMFS also has an advisory role similar to that of the FWS in evaluating Federal permits. In addition, NMFS has primary responsibil- ity in the designation and management of marine and estuarine sanctuaries. Other Federal agencies that play an indirect role in regula- tions concerning the estuarine and marine systems in coastal Maine are the Soil Conservation Service (technical assis- tance programs in relation to resource conservation), National Park Service (acquisition and management), and U.S. Geological Survey (research). On the State level, nine laws manage coastal resources found primarily in tidal water, by guiding development and by conserving natural resources identified by the State or municipality as being in need of protection. (Seven of these: the Site Location of Development Act, the Protection and improvement of Waters Act, thp Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act, the Oil Discharge and.-Pollution Control Act, the Land Use Regulation Act, the Critical Areas Program Act, and the jurisdiction of the MDIFW in wildlife management areas have been discussed previously, as they apply to freshwater aquatic systems as well.) The Coastal Wetland Act and 92 Marine Resources Management Law pertain exclusively to tidal waters (estuarine, marine, and riverine). The Coastal Wetlands Act ensures that dredging, draining, filling, or construction of permanent structures on or over any tidal or subtidal land does not (1) unreasonably inter- fere with existing navigational or recreational uses, (2) cause unreasonable soil erosion, (3) unreasonably interfere with the natural flow of any waters, (4) unreasonably harm wildlife or freshwater, estuarine, or marine fisheries, or (5) lower the quality of any waters. This law is adminis- tered by the DEP or by those municipal governments to which permit authority has been granted by the DEP (e.g., Harrington and Southport). The Marine Resources Management Law, as administered by MDMR, protects any of the renewable marine resources (in- cluding fish, shellfish, marine worms, and marine plants) of the State through enforceable regulations of the time, method, number, weight, length, and location a species is taken. Enforcement is carried out by wardens of MDMR. Regulations Pertaining to Terrestrial Systems Federal regulations of land-based development primarily concern discharge of pollutants (e.g., air, water, solid wastes, and hazardous wastes). If the project is funded by the Federal Government or involves federally owned land, an Environmental Assessment and/or an Environmental Impact Statement must be filed in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act. On the State level, 6 laws have direct regulatory control over development. (Four laws, the Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act, the Subdivision Law, the Site Location.of Development Act and the Solid Waste Management@Law, are described above.) The applications of the Land Use Regula- tion Law and the Protection and Improvement of Air Law to the terrestrial system are summarized below. Individual towns may further control and guide development through municipal zoning and local ordinances. Under the Land Use Regulation Law, the Land Use Regulation Commission was created. This commission is instructed by the law "to extend principles of sound planning, zoning, and subdivision control for the unorganized... townships of the state ... 11 1 The Commission thus exerts considerable control over devel- opment within its jurisdiction. Through zoning, development is directed to areas that have good soils and areas where building has already taken place; and fragile areas that may be unsuitable for construction are avoided. 93 The Land Use Regulation Commission's jurisdiction is divided into protection, management, and development districts in accordance with the following standards: 1. Protection districts: areas where development would jeopardize significant natural, recreational, and historical resources, including but not limited to floodplains, precipitous slopes, wildlife habitat, and other areas critical to the ecology of the State. 2. Management districts: areas that are appropriate for commercial forestry or agricultural uses, for which plans for additional development are not formulated presently, and in which additional development is not anticipated. 3. Development districts: areas discernible as having patterns of intensive residential, recreational, commer- cial, or industrial use, or commercial removal of minerals or other natural resources. Areas that are devoted to or suitable for intensive development. The Commission may delineate such subcategories of the above classifications as may be deemed necessary and desirable to carry out the intent of the law. All major activities occurring within these major districts are under the author- ity of the Land Use Regulation Commission. The Protection and Improvement of Air Law is intended to control all air emissions in order to protect public health, property, and natural resources. This law prohibits open burning and specifies the circumstances under which open burning may be conducted. (Agricultural burning, burning for the disposition of materials generated by the demolition of a building, burning to clear land prior to construction, burning to control or prevent disease, and burning for training, research, and recreational purposes all require permits.) Forest rangers or town forest-fire wardens may grant open burning permits. All permits for burning carry a requirement that the environment, public health, and proper- ty not be endangered. 94 Appendix II Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay. class/ Area Number Area Name Location Class A Pol Hewett-Graffam-Pleasant Islands Muscle Ridge P23 Stockton Harbor Searsport, Stockton Springs P25 Fort Point Cove Stockton Springs P27 Orland River Verona, Orland P28 Verona Island-East Bucksport, Verona, Orland P31 Frankfort Flats Bucksport P32 Marsh River Frankfort, Prospect, Winterport P47 Parker Cove Islesboro P54 Mark Island North Haven P56 Oak-Burnt Islands North Haven P70 Narrows-Sheep-Green Islands Vinalhaven P71 Saddleback Ledge-Brimstone Island Vinalhaven P72 Roberts-Hay-Otter Islands Vinalhaven P77 Lairey's-Crane-Crotch Islands Vinalhaven P82 Seal Island Criehaven P84 Wooden Ball Island Criehaven P85 Matinicus Island-North Matinicus Island Plt. P88 Matinicus Rock Criehaven P95 Holbrook Island Castine, Brooksville P97 Bagaduce River Brooksville, Castine, Penobscot P98 Northern Bay-Bagaduce Brooksville, Penobscot P99 Herrick Bay-Bagaduce Penobscot, Brooksville, Sedgwick P108 Western-Pond-Hog Islands Brooksville P112 Carney Island Deer Isle P113 Pickering Island Deer Isle P122 Compass Island Deer Isle P129 Second-Andrews-Mark Islands Stonington P130 Scraggy Island Stonington P131 Sparrow-West Halibut Islands Isle au Haut P146 Bills-Pell-Burnt Islands Isle au Haut NO do M. go M, Appendix II Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay (continued). Class/ Area Number Area Name Location P150 Spruce Island Stonington P157 Sheep Island Stonington P160 Long-Green Ledges Deer Isle P177 The Cow Pen Isle au Haut P178 Great spoon Island Isle au Haut P179 Little Spoon Island Isle au Haut P181 Eastern Ear Island Isle au Haut P190 Kimball-Flake Islands Isle au Haut P191 White-Green Ledges Isle au Haut P196 Spirit Ledge Swans Island P199 Ringtown Island Swans Island P202 Heron Island Swans Island ON P212 Johns Island Swans Island P221 Mackeral. Cove Swans Island P222 Seal Cove Swans Island P227 Pond Island Frenchboro ClassB P02 Andrews Island Muscle Ridge P08 Fisherman Island Muscle Ridge P13 Rockport Harbor Rockport P16 Saturday Cove Northport P21 Long Cove Searsport P22 Sears Island Searsport P34 Bald Hill Winterport, Hampden, Orrington P39 Ram-Seal-Flat Islands Islesboro P52 Lassell-Lime-job Islands Islesboro, North Haven P53 Mouse-Saddle-Goose Islands North Haven P55 Robinson Rock North Haven .@D59 Calderwood-Babbidge Islands North Haven P60 Kent-Waterman Coves North Haven Appendix II Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay (continued). class/ Area Number Area Name Location P63 Dumpling Islands North Haven P64 Stand-In Point North Haven P68 Seal Bay Vinalhaven P69 Stoddard-Smith Islands Vinalhaven P73 Greens Island Vinalhaven P75 Hurricane Island Vinalhaven P76 The Basin Vinalhaven P79 Medric Rock-Green Ledge Vinalhaven P80 Green-Dogfish Islands Vinalhaven P86 Matinicus Island-South Matinicus Island Plt. P87 Ragged Island Criehaven P89 Large Green Island Matinicus Island Plt. P90 Little Green Island Matinicus Island Plt. P96 Smith Cove Brooksville P101 Weir-Horshshoe Coves Brooksville P102 Spectacle Island Brooksville P104 Thrumcap-Two Bush Ledges Brooksville P114 Beach-Barred-Colthead Islands Deer Isle P117 Butter-Barred Islands Deer Isle P118 Great Spruce Head Island Deer Isle P119 Horsehead Island Deer Isle P123 Sloop-Fling Islands Deer Isle P125 Bald Island-Grass Ledge Deer Isle P126 Northwest Harbor Deer Isle P128 Crockett Cove Deer Isle, Stonington P132 Stonington-West Stonington P140 Camp Island Stonington P143 McGlathery-Round-Gooseberry Islands Stonington P152 Webb Cove Stonington P155 Sheldrake-Haskell Ledges Stonington P159 Shabby Island Deer Isle W No " M M M ** M Appendix II Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay (continued). class/ Area Number Area Name Location P162 Inner Harbor Stonington, Deer Isle P164 Freese Island Deer Isle P166 Stinson Neck-North Deer Isle P168 Black-Bear Islands Deer Isle P169 Conary Island Deer Isle P175 Isle au Haut-Southeast Isle au Haut P176 York Island Isle au Haut P180 White-Black Horse Islands Isle au Haut P182 Head Harbor Isle au Haut P183 Western Head Isle au Haut P185 The Brandies Isle au Haut P186 Moores Harbor Isle au Haut P192 Fog Island Isle au Haut 00 P193 Southern Mark Island Isle au Haut, Stonington P195 Halibut Rocks Swans Island P200 Black Ledge Swans Island P205 Sand-Toothacher Coves Swans Island P208 Harbor Island Swans Island P213 Sister Islands Swans Island P214 Crow Island Frenchboro P220 Swans Island-Northeast Swans Island P223 Orono-Phinney Islands Swans Island P226 Opechee Island-Long Ledge Swans Island P228 Black-Sheep-Eagle Islands Swans Island P233 Brooklin Brooklin P236 Mahoney Island Brooklin Appendix II Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay (continued). Class/ Area Number Area Name Location Class C P03 Dix-High-Otter Islands Muscle Ridge P07 Ash Island Owls Head P09 Monroe Island Owls Head Plo Sheep Island Owls Head P11 Rockland Harbor Rockland, Owls Head P12 Clam Cove Rockport P14 Camden Harbor Camden, Rockport P15 Ducktrap Harbor Lincolnville, Northport P17 Belfast Reservoir Northport, Belfast P18 Belfast Harbor Belfast, Searsport P19 Passagassauwakeag River Belfast P20 Searsport Searsport P24 Cape Jellison Stockton Springs P29 Bucksport Verona, Prospect, Bucksport P30 Bowden Point Prospect P33 Winterport Winterport, Bucksport P35 Hampden Hampden, Orrington, Brewer P36 Bangor Hampden, Bangor, Brewer, Veazie, Eddington P37 Turtle Head Cove Islesboro P38 Sprague Cove Islesboro P40 Seal Harbor Islesboro P41 Grindel Point Islesboro P42 Broad Cove Islesboro P43 700-Acre Island-North Islesboro P44 Philbrook dove Islesboro P45 700-Acre Island-South Islesboro P46 Turtle Head Islesboro P48 Sabbathday Harbor Islesboro P49 Islesboro Harbor Islesboro P50 Islesboro-East Islesboro no 'a so @ so on, at so so Mi. am Appendix II Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay (continued). Class/ Area Number Area Name Location P51 Islesboro-South Islesboro P57 Sheep-Dagger Islands North Haven P58 Oak Hill-Mullen Head North Haven P61 North Haven Town North Haven, Vinalhaven P62 Southern Harbor- North Haven P65 Pulpit Harbor North Haven P66 Mill River Vinalhaven P67 Carver Cove Vinalhaven P74 Vinalhaven Town Vinalhaven P78 White Island Vinalhaven P81 Crockett Point Vinalhaven P83 Malcolm Ledge Criehaven P91 Northern Triangles Matinicus Isle Plt. P92 Southern Triangles Matinicus Isle Plt. P93 West Penobscot Penobscot, Castine P94 Wadsworth Cove Castine Ploo Head of the Cape Brooksville P103 Stave Island Deer Isle P105 Orcutt Harbor Brooksville P106 Herricks Brooksville, Sedgwick P107 Little Deer Isle-North Deer Isle P109 Little Deer Isle-South Deer Isle Pilo Scott-Two Bush Islands Deer Isle Pill Verona Island - Southeast Verona, Orland, Penobscot P115 Bradbury-Crow Islands Deer Isle P116 Hardhead Island Deer Isle P120 Resolution Island Deer Isle P121 Little Spruce Head Island Deer Isle P124 Eagle Island Deer Isle P127 Southwest Harbor Deer Isle P133 Hardwood-Ewe-Ram Islands Isle au Haut Appendix II Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay (continued). class/ Area Number Area Name Location P134 Farrel Island Stonington P135 Crotch Island Stonington P136 John Island Stonington P137 Stonington Stonington P138 Green Island Stonington P139 Russ Island Stonington P141 St. Helena-George Head Islands Stonington P142 Bare Island Stonington P144 Egg Rock North Haven P145 Merchant Island Isle au Haut P148 No Man's Island Stonington P149 Coombs Islands Stonington P151 Devil-Bold Islands Stonington P153 Grog Island-Humpkins Ledge Stonington P154 Saddleback-Enchanted Islands Stonington P156 Shingle Island Stonington P158 Eastern Mark Island Stonington P161 Whitmore Neck Stonington P163 Long Cove Deer Isle P165 Stinson Neck-South Deer Isle P167 White Island Deer Isle P170 Greenlaw Neck Deer Isle P171 Greenlaw Cove Deer Isle P172 Campbell Island-Fish Creek Deer Isle P174 Isle au Haut-Northeast Isle au Haut P184 Duck Harbor Isle au Haut P187 Bald Mt. Isle au Haut P188 Isle au Haut Isle au Haut P194 Saddleback Island Swans Island P197 Boxam Cove Swans Island ON, 00 am Ow 'am zoo, me Appendix II Class A, B and C Wildlife Habitats of Penobscot Bay (continued). class/ Location Area Number Area Name P198 Three Bush Island Swans Island P201 Mason Ledge Swans Island P203 Brimstone Island Swans Island P204 Hat Island Swans Island P206 High Sheriff-Gooseberry Islands Swans Island P207 Burntcoat Harbor Swans Island P209 Scrag-Green Islands Swans Island P210 Baker Islands Swans Island P211 Swans Island-Southeast Swans Island P215 Deep-West Coves Frenchboro P216 Long Island-West Frenchboro P217 Long Island-East Frenchboro P218 Sand Cove Swans Island P219 Ram Island Swans Island P225 Egg Rock Swans Island P229 Naskeag Point Brooklin P230 Babson Island Brooklin P231 High Head Brooklin P232 Torrey Islands Brooklin P234 Benjamin River Brooklin, Sedg-wick P235 Sargentville Sedgwick P237 North Deer Isle Deer Isle P238 Reach-Oak Point Deer Isle Appendix III Maine's Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Wildlife CATEGORY I. ENDANGERED SPECIES Definition: A Maine Endangered Species is a species in immediate danger of extirpation from Maine due to critically low or declining numbers brought about by habitat loss or degradation, overexploitation, pollution, disease or other factors. This definition includes any species that spends a biologically significant part of its annual or life cycle within the State of Maine and is not limited just to species that breed in Maine. Any indigenous wildlife species that has been documented to be in danger of extirpation within the State of Maine shall be included. Continued survival of these species within the State of Maine is unlikely without implementing special protective measures. Any Federally listed Endangered Species occur- ring within the State of Maine will be included in this category. Maine Endangered Species: 1. Bald Eagle - Haliaeetus leucocephalus* 2. Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregr .nus* 3. Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetas 4. Piping Plover Charadrius melodus** 5. Least Tern - Sterna antillarum 6. Sedge Wren - Cistothorus platensis 7. Grasshopper Sparrow - Ammodramus savannarum 8. Right Whale - Eubalaena glacialis* 9. Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae* 10. Finback Whale Balaenoptera physalus* 11. Sperm Whale - Physeter catodon* 12. Sei Whale - Balaenoptera borealis* 13. Leatherback Turtle - Dermochelys coriacea* 14. Atlantic Ridley Turtle - Lepidochelys kempi* 15. Box Turtle Terrapene carolina 16. Black Racer Coluber constrictor *Federally listed Endangered Species **Federally listed Threatened Species 103 CATEGORY II. THREATENED SPECIES Definition: A Maine Threatened Species is not as critically jeopardized by extirpation as an Endangered Species, but will probably become Endangered if current population levels experience further declines. This definition includes any species that spends a biologically significant part of its annual or life cycle in the State of Maine and is not limited just to species that breed in Maine. Any indigenous wildlife species that has been documented to be rare or declining within the State of Maine and which is likely to become Endangered in Maine in the foreseeable future shall be included. Any Federally listed Threatened Species occur- ring in Maine will be included in this category or in Category I, Endangered. Maine Threatened Species: 1. Tundra Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregri us tundrius* 2. Roseate Tern - Sterna douqallii 3. Northern Bog LeFm-ing - Synaptomys borealis 4. Loggerhead Turtle - Caretta caretta* 5. Blanding's Turtle - Emydoidea blandingii 6. Spotted Turtle - Clemmys guttata *Federally listed Threatened Species 104 CATEGORY III. SPECIAL CONCERN SPECIES Definition: The intent of the Special Concern category is to focus attention on a species before it becomes State Threatened or Endangered. Species listed in this category include: 1) species whose populations are not in immedi- ate danger of extirpation, but are believed to be suffering a decline that could eventually threaten the species if allowed to go un- checked, 2) rare species whose populations are relatively stable, but that occur in such small numbers or have such specialized habitat requirements or restricted distributions that they are particularly vulnerable. Any indigenous wildlife species for which there is documentation that it could easily become Threatened or Endangered within the State of Maine because it is: 1) suffering a noncyclic population decline, or 2) occurs in precarious- ly small numbers, or 3) has a restricted distribution or specialized habitat require- ment, shall be included in this category. Maine Special Concern Species: 1. Harlequin Duck - Histrionicus histrionicus 2. Common Tern - Sterna hirundo 3. Arctic Tern - -9terna paradisaea 4. Water Pipit - T-nthus spinoletta 5. New England Cottontail - Sylvilagus transitionalis 6. Ribbon Snake - Thamnophis sauritus 7. Landlocked Arctic Charr Salvelinus alpinus 105 I I I I I - i I I I RESOURCE MAPS I I I I I I I I m 9 106 ,d RESOURCE MAPS The following series of maps delineate Class A, B and C wildlife habitats for each of the thirty-six towns evaluated in this study. Bangor North Haven Belfast Northport Brewer Orland Brooklin Orrington Brooksville Owls Head Bucksport Penobscot Camden Prospect Castine Rockland Deer Isle (1) Rockport Deer Isle (2) Searsport Deer Isle (LURC) Sedgwick Frankfort Stockton Springs Frenchboro Stonington Hampden Swans Island Isle au Haut Veazie & Eddington Islesboro Verona Lincolnville Vinalhaven Matinicus & Criehaven Winterport Muscle Ridge Islands The locations of Special Wildlife Features are also indicated by special symbols. A list of major marine wildlife species/species groups observed in the areas during each of the five seasonal periods accompanies each map. 107 LEGEND MAP SYMBOLS: ife Bald eagle nest site if Osprey nest(s) V- Colonial-nesting seabird island Shorebird feeding and roosting area Great blue heron colony 1w Eider molting site Seal haul-out AREA CLASSIFICATION: Class A (national and/orstate significance) Class B (regional significance) Class C (local significance) BANGOR Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W--winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P036 Bangor Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (P,F*) - Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. BANGOR contd. on Veazie 36 c contd. on Brewer it --A -A @@a contd. on Hampden BELFAST Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring, migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P017 Belfast Reservoir Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W,P*,F*) Mergansers (S,N) Old Squaws (W,S) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*,N,F*) P018 Belfast Harbor Black Ducks (W,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N) Gulls (S*,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F*) Loons (S,N*,P*) Mergansers (W,S,N*,F) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (N) Small Gulls (P*,F*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*,N) p019 Passagassawaukeag River Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (P,F) Canada Geese (S*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. BELFAST 19 Ul contd. on 18 Searsport contd. on Northport BREWER marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W--winter, S=sPring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P035 Hampden Black Ducks (P,F) Black-Backed Gulls (N,F) Cormorants (N,P) Gulls (W,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (P*) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P036 Bangor Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P) small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. BREWER contd. on contd. on Veazie Eddington 36 c contd, on Bangor F- 35 c contd. on Hampden co td. on Orrington BROOKLIN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P229 Naskeag Point Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F) Grebes (S*) Guillemots (N,P) Herrinq Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F*) Loons (W) Mergansers (W,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S) Scoters (W,S) P230 Babson Island Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (P*,F) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W) P231 High Head Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W) P232 Torrey Islands Bald Eagles (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N*,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S,F) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W,S,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S,N,F) Scoters (F) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P233 Brooklin Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F) Grebes (W*,S*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (S,N*,P*,F) Mergansers (W,P*,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W*,S,N*,F) Scoters (W) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P234 Benjamin River Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P,F) Loons (N*,F) Mergansers (F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) scoters (W,S,F) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (N*,F) P236 Mahoney Island Black Ducks (W) Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N*,P,F) Gulls (S*) Grebes (S*) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,N*,P*,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W,S*,F) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W*) Shorebirds (W*) Unid. Waterfowl (N*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I I I I I BROOKLIN I I I 1, I I I I I I 4v aRr r ME DOW WORTH contd. on ORDOKLIN Sedgwick 23 C CDVE WEST BROOKLIN ---------------- ---------- 1.% ---------- HAVEN BROOKU B 233 OVA. C 232 sold ND 231 C ...... NaMem ftint 230 ISL BOR AND D Areas east and north of Naskeag Point are not C included within the boundaries of the study area. 229 B 236 BROOKSVILLE Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W--winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P095 Holbrook Island Black Ducks (W*,S) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Blue Wing Teal (F*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Great Blue Herons (W*,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N,P) Loons (W,N*,P*,F) Mergansers (S,N*,F*) Old Squaws (W,S*,F) Shorebirds (S) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F) P096 Smith Cove Black Ducks (W*,S,F) Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (S*) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,N*) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P,F*) Loons (W*,P*) Mergansers (W,S,F*) Old Squaws (W,S*,F) Scaters (F) Shorebirds (P,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,F*) P097 Bagaduce River Black Ducks (W*,F*) Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,N,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,P*) Great Blue Herons (W*,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S) Loons (W,S,N*,F*) Mergansers (W,S,N,F) old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (W,F*) Small Gulls (F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*,F*) P098 Northern Bay-Bagaduce Black Ducks (W,S*,P*,F*) Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Blue-winged Teat (P*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (F*) Eiders (S,N,P) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (F*) Great Blue Herons (S*,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Grebes (S*) Guillemots (N) Green-winged Teal (F*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P*,F) Loons (F) Mergansers (W*,S,N*,F) ospreys (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P*) Small Gulls (P*,F*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P099 Herrick Bay-Bagaduce Black Ducks (S*,P*) Bald Eagles (P*') Black-Backed Gulls (F) Blue-winged Teal (P*) Cormorants (N,P) Canada Geese (S*) Eiders (P) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (W*,P) Great Blue Herons (P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F) Herrifng Gulls (N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P*) Mallards (P*) Mergansers (W,P*,F) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (N*0) P100 Head of the Cape Black-Backed Gulls (W,N,P) Cormorants (N,P) Eiders (S,N,F) Gulls (W*) Great Blue Herons (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Grebes (S*O) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,S,N*,F*) Mei:gansers (W,S,N*) old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (W,P,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. BROOKSVILLE Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrnnce. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=tall migration) P101 Weir-Horseshoe Coves Black Ducks (W,S*,P) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (W*,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,P,F*) Loons (S) Mergansers (W*,S,F) Ospreys (F*) Old Squaws (W) Shorebirds (S,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F) P102 Spectacle Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P) Cormorants (N,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Gulls (S*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,N*,P*,F) Harbor Seals (N) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (S,F) Terns (N,P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P104 Thrumcap-Two Bush Ledges Black-Backed Gulls (W,N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S,N,F) Gulls (S) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S,F) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P) Mergansers (W*,F) Old Squaws (W,F) Terns (N*,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P105 Orcutt Harbor Black Ducks (W,F) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (F) Eiders (S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (S*,N*,P*,F) Mergdnsers (W*,S,F) Old Squaws (W*,S,N*,F) Terns (N) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,N) P106 Herricks Black-Backed Gulls (S,F) Cormorants (P) Eiders (S,N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,S,F*) Mergansers (W*,S,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S) P108 Western-Pond-Hog Islands Black Ducks (S) Bald Eagles (W*,F*) Black Backed Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,P,F*) Great Blue Herons (W*,N*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N*,P*,F) Loons (W,N*,F*) Mergansers (W*,S) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W*,S,F) Shorebirds (W,P,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I I I I I BROOKSVILLE I 1) I I I 1, I I I I 98 A contd. on Penobscot A 97 ............. 99 A STOI@ii w NOAT. GROORAIVIL" contd. on Castine contd. on Sedgwick 96 A 95 A ----- - oj@ contd. on Castine BROOKSVILLE rmsA Mi. ? MAROF&DE. SOUTH BROOKSVILLE AR." P.W W.M., wi,cm ul, ft" 10 C 105 B A d. I C 104 106 contd. on Sedgwick B 100 102 iddle Head Mack Ldgs. 0 0 A x Cn 108 m BUCKSPORT Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W--winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P028 Verona Island East Black Ducks (W*,P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cor orants (N,P,F) Gulls (P,F*) Gremat Blue Herons (N,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Herring Gulls (N,P,F) Mergansers (N*) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P*,F*) Small Gulls (P*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,P*) P029 Bucksport Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P,F) P031 Frankfort Flats Black Ducks (W*,S,P*,F*) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (F) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Mallards (P*) Mergansers (W*,F) Ospreys (F*) Osprey Nests (N*) Shorebirds (W,N,P,F) Small Gulls (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S,F*) P033 Winterport Black Ducks (P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (S,*,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (F) Mergansers (P*,F) Ospreys (P*,F*) Shorebirds (N*,P,F) Small Gulls (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. BUCKSPORT 33 c N.Ih B-..Wt contd. on Winterport 31 A Silver Lake contd. on Prospect C contd. on 29 contd. on Verona Orland 28 CAMDEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Say by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P014 Camden Harbor Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (W*,N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W*,N*) Mergansers (W,N*,F) osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. CAMDEN IPA. contd. on Rockport CASTINE Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence (W--winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P093 West Penobscot Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (S) Mergansers (S,P*,F) Old Squaws (F) Shorebirds (P,F*) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (N,P*,F*) P094 Wadsworth Cove Black Ducks (W,F) Black-Backed Gulls (W,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Loons (P*,F) Mergansers (S,F*) osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (P*,F) Small Gulls (P*,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,F*) P095 Holbrook island Black Ducks (W*,S) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Blue Wing Teal (F*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Great Blue Herons (W*,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N,P) Loons (W,N*,P*,F) Mergansers (S,N*,F*) Old Squaws (W,S*,F) Shorebirds (S) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F) P097 Bagaduce River Black Ducks (W*,F*) Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,N,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,P*) Great Blue Herons (W*,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*2p Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S) Loons (W,S,N*,F*) Mergansers (W,S,N,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (W,F*) Small Gulls (F) Terns,(P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. CASTINE 93 C contd. on Penobscot ........... contd. on Penobscot 94 gro Is. contd. on Brooksville 95 A am rook 1. '00k I. 8@)pBrooksville contd. on DEM ISLE (1) Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P126 Northwest Harbor Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (S,N*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals 0M Loons (W,F*) Mergansers (W*,S) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,S*,F*) Shorebirds (P*,F*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*,N*,F*) P127 Southwest Harbor Black Ducks (W,S) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/BUfflehead (W,S,F*) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W,S,F) old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W,F) Shorebirds (P*) Small Gulls (P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,F) P128 Crockett Cove Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F*) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,S*) Mergansers (W,S) Ospreys (F*) Old Squaws (W,S,N*,F) scoters (S) Shorebirds (S,P) Small Gulls (P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*) P159 Shabby Island Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S*,N*,P*,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (P) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N*,P*,F) Harbor Seals (S,N) Loons (W,N*) Mergansers (S,F) Old Squaws (W*,S*,F) Scoters (W*,S,F*) Shorebirds (W) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P160 Long-Green Ledges Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W**,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W*,S,N*,P*,F*) Gulls (S*,N*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S,N,P) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W,S*,F) old Squaws (W*,S,F) Scoters (W,S*,P*,F) Shorebirds (W*,S*,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P162 Inner Harbor Black Ducks (W,S*,F) Black-Backed Gulls (S,F) Cormorants (N,F) Eiders (W,N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W,N) Mergansers (S,F) Ospreys (N*,F*) Old Squaws (S*,F) Shorebirds (P*,F) Small Gulls (P*) Terns (P,F*) P163 Long Cove Black Ducks (S*,F) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (N,F) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Mergansers (F) Ospreys (F*0) Old Squaws (S) Shorebirds (P*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. DEER ISLE (1) Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P164 Freese Island Black Ducks (W,S,F) Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Gulls (S) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Mergansers (W,S,F*) Ospreys (F*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P165 Stinson Neck - South Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Guillemots (P) Herring Gulls (S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,F) Loons (W*,S*,F*) Mergansers (W,F) Old Squaws (W,S*,F) Scoters (W,F*) Shorebirds (P) P166 Stinson Neck - North Black Ducks (W*,S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F) Gulls (N,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Guillemots (P) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (W,S*,N,P*,F) Loons (S*) Mergansers (W*,S,N*,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W*,S,N,F) Scoters (W*,S*,N*,F*) Shorebirds (P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F) P167 White Island Black Ducks (W*,S*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W.S) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (S,P,F) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W*) Old Squaws (W*,F) Scoters (W*,S) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P168 Black-Bear Islands Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (S,N,P,F) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W) Ospreys (S*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W) Scoters (F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P169 Conary Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,N*,F) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (S*) Mergansers (W,S,N) Ospreys (N*) Old Squaws (W,S) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,N) P170 Greenlaw Neck Black-Backed Gulls (W,F) Eiders (N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (S,N,F) Loons (F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) P171 Greenlaw Cove Black Ducks (W*,F) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cormorants (F) Eiders (N,P) Great Blue Herons (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Ospreys (N*) Old Squaws (N*) Scoters (F) Small Gulls (P*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. DEER ISLE (1) Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P172 Campbell Island-Fish Creek Black Ducks (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Eiders (S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (F) Mergansers (W,F*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,N*,F) Scoters (W,S,F*) Small Gulls (F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,N,F) P238 Reach-Oak Point Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,F) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W,S,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (S,F) Scoters (W,S,F*) Shorebirds (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I i I I DEER ISLE (1) 1 I I I i 1, I I contd. on Deer 1s1e121 :............. .......... REACH ...... 238 126 4 B 172 c .......... ...... 171 oil Co.pball c ...... DEER ISCE % --L 170 11SIIlid I Horbor I Ml@ Ofivers Jill .... SOUTH B DEER ISLE' 162 c 1 4 contd. on Stonington 127 .......... 165 128 rv contd. on Stonington xx lc@ DEER ISLE (2) Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nestin g, F=fall migration) P103 Stave Island Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (P) Eiders (P,F) Great Blue Herons (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Herring Gulls (W,P,F) Old Squaws (W) Shorebirds (P) P107 Little Deer Isle - North Black-Backed Gulls M Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals M Loons (P*,F) Mergansers (W,S,F*) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,S*) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F) P109 Little Deer Isle - South Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,S,N*,F) Mergansers (W,S,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S) Shorebirds (W) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P110 Scott-Two Bush Islands Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,P) Cormorants (N*,P*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (W*) Great Blue Herons (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,S) Mergansers (W) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (F) Shorebirds (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P112 Carney Island Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants M Eiders (P,F) Gulls (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F*) Herring Gulls (W,P,F) Loons (W,F) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Scoters (P*,F*) Shorebirds (P*,F*) Small Gulls (P*,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*) P113 Pickering Island Black Ducks (F) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S,F) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P,F) Loons (P*,F*) Mergansers (S,F) Ospreys (S*,P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (S,F) Shorebirds (P,F*) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P115 Bradbury-Crow Islands Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Gulls (P) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N*,P*,F) Loons (S*,N*,P*,F*) Mergansers (S,F) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (S,F) Shorebirds (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P116 Hardbead Island Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,P*,F) Cormorants (N*,P*) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (S*,N,P,F) Loons (S) Old Squaws (F) Shorebirds (P,F) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. DEER ISLE (2) Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W--winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P237 North Deer Isle Cormorants (P) Eider$ (S,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (P) Loons (F) mergansers (S) old Squaws (W) Scoters (F) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P238 Reach-Oak Point Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,F) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W,S,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (S,F) Scoters (W,S,F*) shorebirds (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. as m Ift m aw a* 107 E-AOGGIN aro4bury 1. 103 110 m Doer 'IsIS T*Q BV M ISLAAD S 113 A Litt Alb- -NORTH DEER ISLE P,ckw,ng I 109 A 112 contd, on Deer Isle 111 DEER ISLE (LURC) Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P114 Beach-Harred-Colt Head Islands Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,P*,F) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Elders (W,S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N*) Ospreys (P*,F*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P117 Butter-Barred Islands Black-Backed Gulls (W*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (N*,P*) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W,S,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (S,F) Shorebirds (P,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*,N,F*) P118 Great Spruce Head Island Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,N*,P*,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,N*,P) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N*,P,F) Loons (W,S,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (W,S*,P) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,F) P119 Horsehead Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,F) Eiders (W,S,N) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,N,F) Loons (W) Mergansers (W,S,F) Ospreys (S*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (F) P120 Resolution Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N) Cormorants (P) Eiders (S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P) Loons (S,F) Mergansers (W,S) Ospreys (N*,F*) Old Squaws (S) P121 Little Spruce Head Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,N,P) Cormorants (F) Eiders (S,N*) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N*,P,F) Loons (F) Mergansers (W,F) Osprey Nests (N*) old Squaws (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P122 Compass Island Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (N*,P*,F) Cormorants (F) Canada Geese (N*,P*) Eiders (W,S,N*,P*,F) Gulls (W*,S*,N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S,F) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,N*,P,F) Harbor Seals (N*,P*,F*) Loons (P*) Mergansers (W*,F*) Ospreys (N*,P*) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (W,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P123 Sloop-Fling Islands Black-Backed Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflahead (F) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N*,P*) Loons (W*,S*,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S*,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F*) Shorebirds (W,P,F) Terns (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,N*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. DEER ISLE (LURC) Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P124 Eagle Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W*,F) Mergansers (W,S) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F*) Scoters (S) Shorebirds (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*,N) P125 Bald Island-Grass Ledge Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S*,N*,P*) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,F) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (S) Shorebirds (W,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (S) Indicates the,presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. DEER ISLE ILURCI @ 120 c B 114 esolution I 118 B 117 ace Head I Butter I 124 scrag as Ldg ar I mpass I A k Eagle I 122 p island Ldg oon Ldg rcupines B 123 rass Ldq B aid I 125 c a O@A FRANKFORT Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P032 Marsh River Black Ducks (W,S,N*,P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (S*,F) Eiders (N) Great Blue Herons (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (S,N,F) Mergansers (W*,F) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (N,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. FRANKFORT contd. on Winterport A 32 E.stwn Mtn 376 x contd. on Prospect T,"l RSH Point BAY Mtn I contd. on Prospect FRENCHBORO Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P214 Crow Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (W*,S,P,F) Eiders (W,S*,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor seals (P,F) Loons (W) Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (W,S*,F) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (P) Tdrns (P*) Unid. Waterfowl (P*) P215 Deep-West Coves Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (S*) Eiders (S,N,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (N,F) Harbor Seals (S*) Loons (S*,F*) Mergansers (S,F) Old Squaws (S,F) Scoters (S) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P216 Long Island - West Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,F) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflahead (W,S) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S,P) Loons (S,F) Mergansers (W,S,N*) Old Squaws (W,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P217 Long Island - East Black Ducks (S) Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,N*) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Loons (W*,F) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W.S,F) Scoters (N*,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F) P227 Pond Island Black Ducks (W*,S,N*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,N,P) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W*,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S,N) Old Squaws (W,N*) Shorebirds (W*,P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. FRENCHBORO Additional islands under Frenchboro jurisdiction are not included within the boundaries of the study area. Pond I INSET 214 D, money Sunken Money Ledge Ledge R Horbor C 217 LONG ISLAND 01 2 63 C C C 215 HAMPDEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P034 Bald Hill Black Ducks (P,F*) Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (P,F) Canada Geese (S*) Gulls (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P035 Hampden Black Ducks (P,F) Black-Backed Gulls (N,F) Cormorants (N,P) Gulls (W,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (P*) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P036 Bangor Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. HAMPDEN contd. on Bangor c 36 contd. on Brewer c /lk 35 contd. on Orrington P B 34 contd. on Winterport marine Wildlife of Penobscot Ba ISLE AU HAUT by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=Post nesting, F=fall migration) P131 Sparrow-West Halibut Islands Black Ducks(s-) Bald Eagles (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N*,P*,F) Cormorants (S*,N*,P*,F*) Eiders (W,S*,N*,P*,F*) Gulls (S*) Great Blue Herons (S*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Grebes (S*) Guillemots (P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N*,P*,F*) Loons (W,S*) Mergansers (S,F) Old Squaws (W*,S*,F) Scoters (W*,s*,F*) Shorebirds (S*,P*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (s,F) P133 Hardwood-Ewe-Ram Islands Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S*,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W,N*) Mergansers (W) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,F) Scoters (W,S*) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P145 Merchant Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S*,N,F) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (S) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (S*,F) Ospreys (N*) Old Squaws (W*,S,F*) Scoters (W) Shorebirds (S,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*) P146 Bills-Pell-Burnt Islands Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (W-,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,F) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W,S,N*,F) Old Squaws (W,S*,N-,F) Scoters (W,F) Shorebirds (W*,N,P) Terns (N,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S,F*) P174 Isle AU Haut - Northeast Black Ducks (F) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflchead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P,F) Loons (W,S*,F) Mergansers (W,S*,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S) P175 Isle Au Haut - Southeast Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P*,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S*,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S*,N,P) Loons (W*,S) Mergansers (w,s) Old Squaws (F) Scoters (W,S*) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P176 York Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,F) Cormorants (S,P,F) Eiders (W,S*,N,P*,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Guillemots (N) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (W,P*,F) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W,S*,N,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. ISLE AU HAUT Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P177 The Cow Pen Black Ducks (W,S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,P,F) Cormorants (F*) Eiders (W,S*,N,P*,F) Terns (N*,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Guillemots (P) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harleuins (S*) Harbor Seals (P*,F*) Loons (W) Mergansers.(W) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (S) Shorebirds (W,S*,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*,F) P178 Great Spoon Island Black Ducks (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S*,N*,P*,F*) Cormorants (W*,S*,N,P,F) Eiders (W,S*,N,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Great Cormorants (N*,P*) Gray Seals (N*) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F) Harbor Seals (N,P*) Loons (F) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (S,F) Scoters (W*,S*) Shorebirds (N) Terns (N*,P*) Unid. Seabirds (F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P179 Little Spoon Island Black Ducks (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (S*,N*,P) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Great Cormorants (N*,P*) Goldeneye/Buff1chead (W,S) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harlequins (W*,S*) Loons (W) Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P180 White-Black Horse Islands Black-Backed Gulls (S*,F*) Cormorants (S*,N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Great Cormorants (N*,P*) Guillemots (N) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,F) Harbor Seals (S) Scoters (S*) pl8l Eastern Ear Island Black Ducks (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,P) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W*,S*,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,F) Harlequins (W*,S*) Harbor Seals (S) Loons (S) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (F) Scoters (W,S) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P182 Head Harbor Black Ducks (W,S*,P) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P*,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W*,S,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harlequins (S*) Harbor Seals (W,F*) Mergansers (W,S,N,P*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W,S,F) Shorebirds (N,P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P183 Western Head Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (S*,N,P,F*) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S,F) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W*,S,F) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W,S,F*) Scoters (W,S*) Shorebirds (W*) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P184 Duck Harbor Cormorants (S*,N,P,F*) Elders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N) Heriing Gulls (W,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S*,P) Loons (W,S,N*) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. ISLE AU HAUT Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P185 The Brandies Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (W*,N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Grebes (W*,S*) Herring Gulls (W,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N*,P*,F) Loons (W) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P) Terns (P*) P186 Moores Harbor Black-Backed Gulls (N,P) Cormorants (S,N,P) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (W*,S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N,P,F) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (S) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,S*,F) Scoters (F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*,F) P187 Bald Mt. Black-Backed Gulls (S) Cormorants (F) Eiders (S*,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Loons (W,S) Mergansers (F) Old Squaws (S,F) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*) P188 Isle Au Haut Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,P) Eiders (W,S,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S,P,F) Loons (S) mergansers (W,S) osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Terns (P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P190 Kimball-Flake Islands Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,P) Cormorants (W*,S*,N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (S) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W*,S*,N*,P*,F*) Mergansers (W*,S,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (S) Shorebirds (S*,P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F*) P191 White-Green Ledges Black Ducks (W,S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F*) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W*,S*,N*,P*,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S,F) Guillemots (P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harleuins (W*) Harbor Seals (S,P) Loons (W*) Mergansers (W,S*,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W,S*) Shorebirds (S*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,F) P192 Fog Island Black Ducks (S*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F*) Cormorants (P,F) Canada Geese (F*) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P*,F) Gulls (N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (W*) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harlequins (S*) Harbor Seals (N*,P*,F) Loons (F) Mergansers (W*,S*,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P*) Terns (N,P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S) P193 Southern 'Mark Island Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,P*) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Loons (W,F) Old Squaws (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (P*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I I I I I ISLE AU HAUT 11 I I I I I I I I I contd. on Stonington A Southern Mark 1. 145 193 B 133 01 C i,Ewe 1. 146 Ils 1. No. Popplestone L d , Ajb- A 0 Ram Merchant ANIL 192 Ram 1. Ld B Ad Fog Popplestone Ldg. Nathan n Ldg. _,Bumt7 7 Richs Pt. ite Ldg. 190 1c Ldg. A A Kimball 1. 191 rk Ld C gs. 174 Isle au Haut Kimball Rock Drunkard C 188 B 176 178 187 0 h w Pen A 177 Halfway Rock B Great Spoon 186 Ldg. Horseman Rock T A ittle Spoon 1. 179 185 Z Duck arbor Ldg White Horse B 175 Black Horse B 180 The Brandies 84 ''ead -Vf arbo 4, M The ern Ear Washers Big Brews.e. A Westerk-iar," B 181 B 182 183 __ @A_ Western Ear Ldg. rrow 1. M Outer S Ldg. C Halibut Ldgs. A 131 C raggy Ldg. ISLESBORO marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P037 Turtle Head Cove Black Ducks (N*) Cormorants (N,P) Eiders (S,N) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Harbor Seals (W)- Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (F) Shorebirds (N) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,F) P038 Sprague Cove Black Ducks (S,F) Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (P) Canada Geese M Eiders (S,N) Gulls (P) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Loons (W,P*) Mergansers (W,S,N) Old Squaws (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S,F) P039 Ram-Seal-Flat Islands Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N,P) Cormorants (N*,P*) Eiders (S,N*) Gulls (W,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N*,P*) Harbor Seals (W*,N*,P) Loons (S) Mergansers M Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W, S) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (P) P040 Seal Harbor Black Ducks (W,S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,F) Eiders (S,N) Goldeneye/Sufflehead (W,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Harbor Seals (W) Mergansers (S,F) Ospreys (N*,P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (F) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P041 Grindel Point Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,S,N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (S,P) Loons (P*) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W) Unid. Waterfowl (N) P042 Broad Cove Black Ducks (W,S) Cormorants (N) Eiders (W,S,N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Merchandisers (S,F) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (N*) P043 700-Acre Island-North Black Ducks (W,S) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P) Cormorants (P,F) Elders (S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,S*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W,S,N) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W, N*) P044 Philbrook Cove Black Ducks (F*) Cormorants (N) Eiders (N). Great Blue Herons (N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Herring Gulls (W,N,F) Harbor Seals (F) Mergansers (F) Ospreys (N*) Osprey Nests (N) Shorebirds (F) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. ISLESBORO Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (w-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P045 700-Acre Island - South Black Ducks (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,F) Harbor Seals (S,N,F) Loons (S,F) Mergansers (W,S,F*) Ospreys (N*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (N) P046 Turtle Head Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (P) Eiders (S,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,P) Loons (P*,F) Mergansers (F) Osprey Nests (N*) Shorebirds (P) P047 Parker Cove Black Ducks (W*,S*,F*) Bald Eagles (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,N*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P*,F) Harbor Seals (N*,P) Loons (W,P*) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) old Squaws (W) Shorebirds (W*,S*,P,F) Terns (P) P048 Sabbathday Harbor Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,N) Eiders-(S,N) Gulls (W) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Mergansers (W,S,N) old Squaws (W) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N) P049 Islesboro Harbor Black Ducks (F) Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (P) Eiders (S,N,P) Gulls (W) Great Blue Herons (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,NIP) Harbor Seals (P) Loons (W) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P050 Islesboro - East Black-Backed Gulls (W,P) Cormorants (P) Canada Geese (F*) Eiders (S,N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W,S,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (S) Unid. Waterfowl (S,N,F) P051 Islesboro - South Black-Backed Gulls (W) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Mergansers (W,F) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,F*) Shorebirds (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P052 Lassell-Lime-job islands Black Ducks ('W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S,N,P,F) Loons (N*,F*) Mergansers (W*,S*,N*) Ospreys (F*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,P*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species, population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I 'I I I I I 11 I ISLESBORO II I I I I I I I I I 37 46 if 38 C 47 48 T 39 B les boro or or 40 -41 42 c 43 44 51 mij Cf) r m B C/) 52 Do 0 contd. on North Haven LINCOLNVILLE Kartne wildlife of Pencibucot Bay by Wildlife Area and Scanan of Occutretwo. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P015 Ducktrap Harbor Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (W*) Eiders (S,N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S,N*,F*) ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,F) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N,P*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. LINCOLNVILLE 0 Od3 contd. on 00 Northport 0 00 cb 0 0 Jill' LincoInville c 15 0 0 0 0 00 \\,@\\O MATINICUS & CRIEHAVEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P082 Seal Island Brant (W*,S*,N*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S*,N*,P*,F*) Cormorants (W*,N,P) Eiders (W,S,N*,P,F*) Gu lls (W) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N*,P*,F*) Harbor Seals (N,P*,F*) Old Squaws (W) Petrels (N*,P*) Scoters (S*) Shorebirds (W*,P,F*) Terns (N) P083 Malcolm Ledge Cormorants (S) Eiders (S,P,F*) Gulls (F) Herring Gulls (S,N) P084 Wooden Ball Island Brant (S*,N*) Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N*,P,F*) Gulls (N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N*,P,F) Harbor Seals (P,F*) Old Squaws (W) Petrels (N*,P*) Shorebirds (W) Small Gulls (N*,P*) Terns (N*,P*) P085 Matinicus island - North Brant (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F) Cormorants (W*,S*,N*,P*) Eiders (W,S,N*,P,F*) Gulls (N*) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F) Harbor Seals (N,P) Old Squaws (W) Petrels (N*,P*) Shorebirds (S*) P086 Matinicus Island - South Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,F*) Loons (W,S) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (F*) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P087 Ragged Island Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P*,F*) Cormorants (W*,S*,N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N*,P,F*) Gulls (N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P*,F*) Harbor Seals (S*,N*,P*,F*) Loons (W) Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (W) Petrels (N,P) Shorebirds (W*,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P088 Matinicus Rock Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,N*,P*,F*) Cormorants (S) Eiders (W,S,N,F*) Gulls (N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P,F) Petrels (N*,P*) Puffins (N*,P*) Razorbills (N*,P*) Shorebirds (W) Small Gulls (N*,P*) Terns (N*,P*) P089 Large Green Island Brant (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,N,P,F) Cormorants (S,N,F) Eiders (W,S,N*,P*,F) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P*,F) Harbor Seals (N*,P,F*) Loons (F) Unid. Waterfowl (N) Mergansers (F) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorobirds (P,F) Terns (N*,P*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. HATINICUS & CRIEHAVEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P090 Little Green Island Brant (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N*,P*) Cormorants (N*,P*) Eiders (W,S,N*,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P*) Old Squaws (W) Terns (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (N*) P091 Northern Triangles Eiders (N,F) P092 Southern Triangles Eiders (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (S) Shorebirds (W,S*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I i I I I I MATINICUS AND CRIERAVEN I I 1, I I I I I I I Mans Land sh 1. Malcolm Ldg. A 85 Matinicus 1. 84 A n Ball 1. Note: Metinic Island is not i ",,,e pound 1. B 86 B 7 5 92 3 een Ldg. 77 @7, 88 A @'Wig Ldg. tinicus I - @Langles Rock Ball I (@Cl A atinicus oc rRk MUSCLE RIDGE ISLANDS Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) Pool Hewett-Graffam-Pleasant Is. Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,P,F) Cormorants (W*,N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N*,P*,F*) Gulls (N,P*,F) Great Blue Herons (N*,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S*,N*,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (W,S*,F) Shorebirds (S,P*,F) Unid. Waterfowl (P*,F*) P002 Andrews Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,F) Cormorants (W*,S*,N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,NkP,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N;P) Herring Gulls (W, S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S,N,P,F) Loons (S) Mergansers (W) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (P,F) P003 Dix-High-Otter Islands Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N*,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Harbor Seals (S*,N*,P,F) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (W,S,P*) Unid. Waterfowl (P*) P008 Fisherman Island Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,F) Cormorants (S*,N*,P*) Eiders (W,S,N*,F) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F) Loons (F) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. MUSCLE RIDGE ISLANDS 08 B herman I head I ascent I a G I I pe igh Dix I 03 c 02 all. ItIlz I Hurrican F rattamI Aid Bush I @B @hel ;ttam I NORM HAVEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting , F=fall migration) P052 Lassell-Lime-Job islands Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S,N,P,F) Loons (N*,F*) Mergansers (W*,S*,N*) ospreys (F*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P). Unid. waterfowl (W,P*,F*) P053 Mouse-Saddle-Goose Islands Black Ducks (S) Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N*,P,F) Gulls (N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,N*,P*,F) Mergansers (W) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (P*) Small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P054 Mark Island Bald Eagles (W*,S*,P*) Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Elders (S,N,P,F) Eagla Nosta (N*) Gulls (W,N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S,N*) Mergansers (W,S) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (F) Unid. Waterfowl (P*) P055 Robinson Rock Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) giders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N*,P*,F*) Loons (F) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W) Shorebirds (W*,P*) Small Gulls (N) Unid. Waterfowl (P*) P056 Oak-Burnt Islands Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P) Cormorants (P,F) Canada Geese (W*,N*,P*) Eiders (W,N,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (W*,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W,N,F) Loons (W*,N*,F) Mergansers (N*,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W*,F*) Shorebirds (P,F) Unid Waterfowl (W) P057 Sheep-Dagger Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Elders (W,N,P,F) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Loons (W,F) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (W,N,P,F*) Terns (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*,F) P058 Oak Hill-Mullen Head Black Ducks (F) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (P) Canada Geese (S*,N*,P*) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Herring Gulls (S,P,F) Loons (P*,F) Mergansers (S) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (S*,F) Shorebirds (P,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species, population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. NORTH HAVEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P059 Calderwood-Babbidge Islands Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Canada Geese (F*) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (W) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P) Loons (W*,S*,N*,P*,F*) Mergansers (W*,S*,N*,F) Ospreys (N*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W*,S*,F*) Shorebirds (W,P,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,N,P*) P060 Kent-Waterman Coves Black Ducks (W,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N) Cormorants (N) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (S,N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W,S*,N*,F) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W*,S,F*) Scoters (N*) Shorebirds (F*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P061 North Haven Town Black-Backed Gulls (S,N) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,P,F) Gulls (W,N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,F) Loons (S,F*) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*,F*) P062 Southern Harbor Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Harbor Seals (P) Loons (S,F) Mergansers (W*,S) Ospreys (P*,F*) Old Squaws (W,F*) Shorebirds (F*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P063 Dumpling Islands Black Ducks (N*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,N,P) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W*,F*) Mergansers (S,N*,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,F*) Scoters (N*) Shorebirds (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (F*) P064 Stand-in Point Black Ducks (N*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W*,S,F*) Mergansers (W,S,F) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S*,F*) Shorebirds (P,F*) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*) P065 Pulpit Harbor Black Ducks (W,F) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (W) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (N*,F*) Mergansers (W) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P144 Egg Rock Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (N,P) Eiders (S,P) Herring Gulls (S) Harbor Seals (N) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I I I I I NORTH HAVEN I I 1, I I I I I I contd. on Islesboro S"i -se !5 52 N @c Rc,-K 54 Webster H A S@A A M, MNIN. @@-OaK B 53- rk Is 65 ...p ?Old W11- W" u' H n or) P c B bz c i`7 A @531;�6 S fROCKS so sbury- B A@ 60 contd. on Vinalhaven ((Mj @A @B 64 sup Loave'( S t a n@!h 1,1*1 B 63 NORTHPORT marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occur rence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P015 Ducktrap Harbor Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (W*) Eiders (S,N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S,N*,F*) Ospreys (P*) old Squaws (W,F) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N,P*,F*) P016 Saturday Cove Black Ducks (W,S) Black-Backed Gulls (N,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (F*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W) Mergansers (W,S.N*,F) Ospreys (P*,F*) old Squaws (S) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,F*) P017 Belfast Reservoir Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W,P*,F*) fjergansers (S,N) old Squaws (W,S) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls M Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*,N,F*) indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. NORTHPORT ontd. on Belfast O@ c o Knowlton Hill -Mt Percival f A:, -00/c. ILI CD9, B 16 kson H. i i contd. on Lincoinville c 15 ORLAND Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrences (W-Winter,S-spring migration, N-nesting, P-post nesting, F-fall mirgration P027 Orland River Black Ducks (W*,N*,P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cormorants (N,P,F) G, Ils (F*) Great Blue Herons (P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,N*,F) Herring Gulls (N,P,F) Loons (P*,F) Mallards (P*) Mcrgansurs (W,F) Ospreys (N*,P*) Shorebirds (P,F*) Small Gulls (F*) P028 Verona Island East Black Ducks (W*,P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (P,F*) Great Blue Herons (N,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Herring Gulls (N,P,F) Mergansers (N*) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P*,F*) Small Gulls (P*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,P*) Pill Verona Island-Southeast Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (N,F) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (N*) Herring Gulls (N,F) Small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (N*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. ORLAND (D,(D NI contd. on Bucksport 28 A contd. on Verona 27 ill C 11 contd. on Penobscot ORRINGTON Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W--winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P034 Bald Hill Black Ducks (P,F*) Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (P,F) Canada Geese (S*) Gulls (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (WIS) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P035 Hampden Black Ducks (P,F) Black-Backed Gulls (N,F) Cormorants (N,P) Gulls (W,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (P*) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. ORRINGTON contd. on Brewer 35 contd. on Hampden 34 contd. on Winterport OWLS HEAD Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P007 Ash Island Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,P) Cormorants (N,F) Canada Geese (S*) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N*,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Mergansers (W,S) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P) P009 Monroe Island Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W*,S,F) P010 Sheep Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,S) Cormorants (N) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P,F) Loons (S) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S) Shorebirds (W) P011 Rockland Harbor Black Ducks (W,S,F) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (S*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P*,F*) Harbor Seals (N,F*) Loons (W,F) Mallards (S*) Mergansers (W,F) Old Squaws (W*,N*,F) Shorebirds (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,N) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I I I I I OWLS HEAD I I I I I I I I I I contd. on Rockland C 0 J Jt, \N 0 CNV 0_ 0 0 I nfL raharn Hi C6 a Owts Heact .9 0011 Owls q Bay 0 0 i:0 0 0 0 *::::0 0 0 0 0 obday Beach 0 El 0 0 0 0 v, 0 .0.9 0 a 0 IS '00 0 lit 0 d,,p 00 0 00 endrickgon '10 point 0.@ `\ 00 rescent m 61tv- 0 C* KNOX coumrY AIRPORT PA,.-*, 0 00 C 101 'Q";0 10 sh 1> ointo 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oil Ash 0 Island Dyer Monroe pt Poln Island aul ing is an if C S, C Areas below Otter Point are described in the 10 Muscongus Bay Marine Wildlife Inventory and Evaluation [see References). //C PENOBSCOT Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P093 West Penobscot Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (S) Mergansers (S,P*,F) Old Squaws (F) Shorebirds (P,F*) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (N,P*,F*) P097 Bagaduce River Black Ducks (W*,F*) Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,N,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,P*) Great Blue Herons (W*,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S) Loons (W,S,N*,F*) Mergansers (W,S,N,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (W,F*) Small Gulls (F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*,F*) P098 Northern Bay-Bagaduce Black Ducks (W,S*,P*,F*) Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Blue-winged Teal (P*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (F*) Eiders (S,N,P) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (F*) Great Blue Herons (S*,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Grebes (S*) Guillemots (N) Green-winged Teal (F*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P*,F) Loons (F) Mergansers (W*,S,N*,F) Ospreys (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P*) Small Gulls (P*,F*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P099 Herrick Bay-Bagaduce Black Ducks (S*,P*) Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Blue-winged Teal (P*) Cormorants (N,P) Canada Geese (S*) Eiders (P) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (W*,P) Great Blue Herons (P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F) Herring Gulls (N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P*) Mallards (P*) Mergansers (W,P*,F) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (N*) Pill Verona Island-Southeast Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (N,F) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (N*) Herring Gulls (N,F) Small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (N*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. contd. on Verona contd. on Orland PENOBSCOT c WEST PENMSCOT A-, PENOOSWT Pwki@s Hill. pw.F,... P I. contd'. on'1% Castine .......... 93 ...... ............. ..... ........... P-11 contd. on Castine ...... A 97 contd. on Brooksville A 99 contd. on Sedgwick PROSPECT Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P029 Bucksport Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P,F) P030 Bowden Point Black Ducks (W*,S,F) Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (F) Gulls (P) Great Blue Herons (N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P) Mergansers (W,F) Ospreys (F*) old Squaws (F) Scoters (F*) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P032 Marsh River Black Ducks (W,S,N*,P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (S*,F) Eiders (N) Great Blue Herons (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (S,N,F) Mergansers (W*,F) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (N,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. PROSPECT 32 A contd. on Frankfort 30 LAJ Qc contd. on Bucksport contd. on Verona 29 ROCKLAND Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P011 Rockland Harbor Black Ducks (W,S,F) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (S*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P*,F*) Harbor Seals (N,F*) Loons (W,F) Mallards (S*) Mergansers (W,F) Old Squaws (W*,N*,F) Shorebirds (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,N) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. ROCK LAND contd. on Owls Head ROCKPORT marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P012 Clam Cove Black-Backed Gulls (W*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Canada Geese (S*,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*.P*) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goideneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F) Harbor Seals (W,N,F*) Loons (W) Mergansers (W,F) old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (P*) Terns (P) Unid. waterfowl (W,S*) P013 Rockport Harbor Black-Backed Gulls (W*,N,F) Canada Geese (W*,S*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Great Blue Herons (W*,S*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (N*,F) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F*) Shorebirds 0M Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*,N) P014 Camden Harbor Black Ducks 4M Bldck-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (W*,N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W*,N*) Mergansers (W,N*,F) Osprey Nests (N) old Squaws (W.S,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. ROCKPORT contd. on Camden e The C Graves 14 60, than 1. owell Rock 13 B orterfield Ldg. 01 C 12 SEARSPORT Marine wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Ar ea and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P018 Belfast Harbor Black Ducks (W,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N) Gulls (S*,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F-) Loons (S,N*,P*) Mergansers (W,S,N*,F) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds,(N) Small Gulls (P*,F*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*,N) P020 Searsport Black Ducks (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S) Gulls (P) Great Blue Herons (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W*,S,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S,F*) Old Squaws (W,S) Small Gulls (S*,P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,F*) P021 Long Cove Black Ducks (S,N*,F) Black-Backed Gulls (N,F) Cormorants (N,F) Eiders (N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Loons (P*) Mallards (P*) Mergansers (N*,F*) Old Squaws (W,S) Shorebirds (F) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (F*) P022 Sears Island Black Ducks (F) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (W*,S,N*,P) Great Blue Herons (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,N*,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (N*,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S,N*,F*) Osprey Nests (N*) Shorebirds (W,F*) Small Gulls (P*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,N,F*) P023 Stockton Harbor Black Ducks (W,S*,P*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P) Cormorants (P,F*) Eiders (N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,N*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,F,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,N*,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S,F*) Ospreys (F*) Old Squaws (W,S) Shorebirds (N*,P,F*) Small Gulls (F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S,N*,F) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. too, so ISLAND B 21 @c contd. on Belfast C 18 SEDGWICK Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P099 Herrick Bay-Bagaduce Black Ducks (S*,P*) Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Blue-winged Teal (P*) cormorants (N,P) Canada Geese (S*) Eidors (P) Eagle Neots (N*) Gulls (W*,P) Great Blue Herons (P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F) Herring Gulls (N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P*) Mallards (P*) Mergansers (W,P*,F) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (N*) P106 Herricks Black-Backed Gulls (S,F) Cormorants (PI Eiders (S,N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,S,F*) Mergansers (W*,S,F) old Squaws (W,S,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S) P234 Benjamin River Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P,F) Loons (N*,F) Mergansers (F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W,S,F) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (N*,F) P235 Sargentville Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (F) Siders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,P*,F*) Mergansers (S*,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W,S,F*) Shorebirds (N) Small Gulls (P,F) Unid. Seabirds (S*) Unid. Waterfowl (F) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I 1, I I a SEDGWICK .1 I I I I I I I I I im Im an No Iwo contd. on Penobscot A 99 G,@" C@ contd. on Brooksville slam Cwm, 8/ack NIII -.4 V.I. .% ------ John G,.y Pond contd. on Brooksville .. ........ Sa,gerd,die contd. on Brooklin 106 235 C/) m STOCKTON SPRINGS Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P023 Stockton Harbor Black Ducks (W,S*,P*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P) Cormorants (P,F*) Eiders (N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,N*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,N*,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S,F*) Ospreys (F*) Old Squaws (W,S) Shorebirds (N*,P,F*) Small Gulls (F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S,N*,F) P024 Cape Jellison Black-BackeA Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (S,N,P) Gulls (W*,P*,F*) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S,N*) Loons (W,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S,F*) Ospreys (N*,P*) Osprey Nests (N*) old Squaws (W,F) Scoters (P*) Shorebirds (P,F) Small Gulls (P*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S*,N,P*,F*) P025 Fort Point Cove Black Ducks (W,P,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S) Cormorants (S,N*,P,F*) Canada Geese (F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Gulls (F*) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P,F) Harbor Seals (N*,F) Loons (F*) Mallards (S*) Mergansers (W,S,N*,F*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W) Shorebirds (P,F*) Small Gulls (N*,P*,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (S,N*,P*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. STOCKTON SPRINGS Odm Ledge A 25 contd. on Searsport ark Point A 23 c", 24 STONINGTON Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, )F=fall migration) P128 Crockett Cove Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F*) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,S*) Mergansers (WIS) Ospreys (F*) Old Squaws (W,S,N*,F) Scoters (S) Shorebirds (S,P) Small Gulls (P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*) P129 Second-Andrews-Nark Islands Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,N*,P) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W*,S) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W*,S,F) Scoters (W*,S,F*) Shorebirds (W,P,F*) Small Gulls (W*) Unid. Waterfowl (S *) P130 Scraggy Island Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,P,F) Great Blue Herons (N*,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,N,P*) Loons (W) Mergansers (W,F) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W*,F) Scoters (S) Shorebirds (W*,P) P132 Stonington - West Black Ducks (W,S*) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (F) Mergansers (W*,S,F) Ospreys (P*) Old Squaws (W,S*,F) Scoters (W,F) Shorebirds (S,N*,P*) P134 Farrel island Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*) Loons (F) Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P135 Crotch Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,P) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (W*,P*) Loons (W) Mergansers (S) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S) P136 John Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (F) Herring Gulls (S,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,P,F*) Loons (S*,F) Mergansers (F) Old Squaws (S,F) Scoters (F) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S,F) P137 Stonington Black-Backed Gulls (W,P,F*) Cormorants (F) Eidcrs (W,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Sufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S,P,F*) Loons (S) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) Indicates the-presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. STONINGTON Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P138 Green Island Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (N,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (S) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (W,S,N*,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F*) P139 Russ Island Black Ducks (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Eiders (S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P140 Camp Island Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (N,P) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*) Loons (W,S*,F) Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (W*,S,N*,F) Scoters (W*,S*,F*) Shorebirds (P*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N) P141 St. Holena-Goorgo Huad Islands Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (W*,N,P,F) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W*,S) Mergansers (W,S*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W,F*) Shorebirds (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P142 Bare Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Sufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,S) Mergansers (W,F) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S*,N,F) Scoters (W,S*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S) P143 McGlathery-Round-Gooseberry Is Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W*,S*,F) Mergansers (W,S*,N,F) old Squaws (W,S*,F) Scoters (W*) Shorebirds (N*,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,P*) P148 No Man's Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N,P) Loons (W) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (S*,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F*) P149 Coombs Island Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S,P) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W) old Squaws (W,S) Scoters (W,S*,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscut Bay for teh season identified. STONINGTON Mari.. Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migrationl P150 Spruce Island Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,F) Harbor Seals (W,S,N*) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W,S*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scorers (W*,S,F*) shorebirds (P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S) P151 Devil-Bold Islands Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W,S,F) Mergansers (W,S,F) Ospreys (P*) old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (N*,P*,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) P152 Webb Cove Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,S,P*) Mergansers (W,F) Ospreys (F*) osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W*,S,N*,F) Shorebirds (P,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (P*) P153 Grog island-Bumpkins Ledge Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Eiders (W,S,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (S) shorebirds (F) P154 Saddleback-Enchanted Islands Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Grebes (S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,S*,F) Mergansers (W,F) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W*,S*,N*,F) Scoters (W*,S,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P155 Sheldrake-Haskell Ledges Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (P*,F) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N,F) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W*,F) Old Squaws (W*,S,F) Scoters (W,F*) Shorebirds (W,P*,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P156 Shingle Island Black Ducks (W*,S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (W,F) Scoters (W*,S,F*) Shorebirds (W*,P) P157 Sheep Island Black Ducks (W*) Bald Eagles (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N*,P*) Great Blue Herons (N*,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (w) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S,N*) Loons (F) Mergansers (W,F) Ospreys (P*) osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) scorers (F*) Shorebirds (N*,P) Uaid. Waterfowl (W) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. STONINGTON Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P158 Eastern Mark island Bald Eagles (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S,P,F) Herring Gulls (P,F) Loons (S,F) Mergansers (W) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W*,F) Scoters (S,F) P161 Whitmore Neck Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (S,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (S*,P,F) Harbor Seals (P,F) Mergansers (F) Old Squaws (S) Shorebirds (P*) P162 Inner Harbor Black Ducks (W,S*,F) Black-Backed Gulls (S,F) Cormorants (N,F) Eiders (W,N,P) Goldeneye/Buffiehead (W,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W,N) Mergansers (S,F) Ospreys (N*,F*) Old Squaws (S*,F) Shorebirds (P*,F) Small Gulls (P*) Terns (P,F*) P193 Southern Mark Island Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,P*) Cormorants (N*,P*,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P) Loons (W,F) Old Squaws (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (P*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I 1, I I a I STONINGTON I I I I I I I I I I so u rHEA-T-r-.H A R 8 OR 162 01 contd. on Deer IsleIll c 16 I I i LL9 t. S' moL r po 157 A LITTL j SHEE ISLA 152 EEP ISLAND ts % OflAKL ST CK c 153 contd. on Deer Islefil GRO V '4 LED jq@R'OG No LAM ISLA J S 137 STONINGTON c LEDGE c 139 155 HIINVAND p LAND uss ND AYD LAN MEN TWO VIL ISLAND SIA --k REWS LAND 0 "LITTLE 0 T kya 1. 9 A 149 12 OTC1 `( 0 1 SLANE 40 LAN RUCE 1. NO 1, 138 E[ID A 150 11 * NNING MOCK "OT, T HELENA 16%L"A N 0 c c 142 A AD K 135 1 DO LE MCGLJ P, ND GGY 1. 0 41 16REL 1. UTITOL11 M I :: c Jill 136 6 Mi 11 11 St OLIN A c SEBEARY L 148 130 134 c -B c 4111111toL 143 ICHANNEL ROCK SWANS ISLAND Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P194 Saddleback Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Grebes (W*) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W*) Old Squaws (W) Scoters (W) P195 Halibut Rocks Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F*) Cormorants (N*,P*,F*) Eiders (S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (F) Guillemots (N) Herring Gulls (S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (S*) Mergansers (F) Old Squaws (S,F) Shorebirds (F) P196 Spirit Ledge Black-Backed Gulls (S,N) Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F*) Great Cormorants (N*,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Gray Seals (N*) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P,F) Loons (P*) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W*) Shorebirds (W*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P197 Boxam Cove Black-Backed Gulls (S,N) Eiders (W*,S*,N*,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (S,P) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (S,P*,F) Mergansers (W,S*,N) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W*) Shorebirds (W*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P198 Three Bush Island Black-Backed Gulls (W,N,P,F) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Loons (W*,N*) Mergansers (W,S,N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W) Shorebirds (W*,P*) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P199 Ringtown island Bald Eagles (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Guillemots (P) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Loons (N*,F) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W,F) Scoters (W*) P200 Black Ledge Black-Backed Gulls (S,P) Cormorants (S*,N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,P*,F*) Gulls (P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (F) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W,F) Scoters (W) Shorebirds (W) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) P201 Mason Ledge Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P) Cormorants (S,N) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F*) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W,S) Terns (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. SWANS ISLAND Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P202 Hermon Island Brant (N*) Black Ducks (W,S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N*,P*) Eiders (W*,S*,N*,P*,F*) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Gray Seals (N*) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F) Loons (W*,F) Mergansers (S,N) Old Squaws (W,S,N*,F) Scoters (W*) Terns (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,N*) P203 Brimstone Island Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,N,P) Cormorants (S*) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Old Squaws (W,F) Scoters (W*) Terns (N,P*) P204 Hat Island Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,N,P) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N*,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,S,N*,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W,F) Scoters (S) Shorebirds (W*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,F*) P205 Sand-Toothacher Coves Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (S,N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Grebes (W*,S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S,N) Loons (W*,S,N*,F) Mergansers (W*,S,N*) Old Squaws (W,S*,N*,F) Scoters (W*,S,F*) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S,N) P206 High Sheriff-Gooseberry is. Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (S*,N,P,F) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (S,N*,F) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Terns (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P207 Burntcoat Harbor Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,P,F) Eiders (W,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S-,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F*) Loons (S*) Mergansers (S*,F*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (S) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*) P208 Harbor Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (S*,N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Guillemots (N) Herring Gulls (S,N,P,F) Loons (W*,S,F) Mergansers (W,S*,N*) Old Squaws (W,N*,F) Scoters (W*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S,N*) P209 Scrag-Green Islands Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W*,S*,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,P,F) Loons (W*,P*) Mergansers tS) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Scoters (W) Shorebirds (W) P210 Baker Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W*,S) Old Squaws (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. SWANS ISLAND Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P211 Swans Island - Southeast Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,F) Eiders (W,S*,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,S) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (W,F) Terns (P) P212 Johns Island Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,P*) Cormorants (N*,P) Eiders (W*,S*,N*,P*,F*) Gulls (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Grebes (W*) Gray Seals (N*) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N*,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W,S,N,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*) P213 Sister Islands Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F*) Eagle Nests (N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N*,P,F) Loons (W,S) Mergansers (W,S) old Squaws (W*,N,F) Scoters (N*,F) shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,N*) P218 Sand Cove Black Ducks (W*) Black-Backed ulls (N) Cormorants (P) Eiders (W,N,P) Herring Gulls (W,N) Harbor Seals (P) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W,P*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P219 Ram Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,F) Cormorants (F) Eiders (S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (F) Guillemots (N) Herring Gulls (S,N,P,F) Loons (F) Mergansers (S) old Squaws (N*,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P220 Swans Island - Northeast Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F) Gulls (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P,F) Loons (W,P*) Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (W,S*,N*,F) Scoters (F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S,F) P221 mackeral Cove Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F*) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (N*,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,N*,F*) Grebes (W*) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,Fq) Harbor Seals (N,P*,F) Loons (F) Mergansers (W,S,N*,F*) Ospreys (N*,P*) Old Squaws (W*,S*,N*,F*) Scoters (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S,P*,F*) P222 Seal Cove Black Ducks (W*,N*) Bald Eagles (S*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,P) Cormorants (W*,P,F) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N*,P) Loons (W,F*) Mergansers (F*) Old Squaws (W,S,N*,P) Scoters (W*,F) Shorebirds (N*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. SWANS ISLAND Marine Wildlife-of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P223 Orono-Phinney Islands Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P) Cormorants (P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (F*) Great Blue Herons (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (S*,N*,P,F) Loons (S) Mergansers (W,S,F) Old Squaws (W,S,N*,F) Scoters (W,F*) P225 Egg Rock Cormorants (N,P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,F) Harbor Seals (S,N*) Loons (W,F) Old Squaws (W,F) Scoters (W*) Shorebirds (W*,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P226 Opechee Island-Long Ledge Black Ducks (W*,S*,F) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,N,P*) Loons (S,F) Mergansers (S,F) Old Squaws (W,N,F) Scoters (W) Shorebirds (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N) P228 Black-Sheep-Ragle Islands Black Ducks (W) Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (W.S,P,F) Cormorants (S*,N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Gray Seals (N*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,S*,N*,P*,F) Loons (W*) Mergansers (W*,S) Old Squaws (W,S,N*,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S,F) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I I I a I SWANS ISLAND 1, 11 I I I 1, I I I I BR@ N', see Frenchboro for Pond and Lamp Islands 226 B OR 228 B Biack 223 V& 221 Passage B A 0 gra- , nney I -X gQ Rock C 225 B V B 220 ................ 222 ATLANTIC A LW .......... ------------------- A /00 Pond Otto, M 2SO&E10 N 4 V4 "N -R, % & in IIII I dy, Pond B Goose Pond 2 5 Minturn C 204 Ilw 211 206 n'' B Rock 208 95 198 C Litt .'sholl I Thrill 1 11 9w 9 194 110" lions 213 MARSHALL I C B bock 201 C/) Heron 1. -h > NC8 (I dge Aj z A U) bexam L0011 20 202 212A B > A Seat Ledge John Ledga z 196 P8 ,)a dge 40has 1 -kgn Ldge VEAZIE & EDDINGTON Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W--winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P036 Bangor Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*,F*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. M'm M -W M M m wo oe RR.r" IA. sr st st PENOBScOT RIVER xt C4 0) VERONA Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P027 Orland River Black Ducks (W*,N*,P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (F*) Great Blue Herons (P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,N*,F) Herring Gulls (N,P,F) Loons (P*,F) Mallards (P*) Mergansers (W,F) Ospreys (N*,P*) Shorebirds (P,F*) Small Gulls (P*) P028 Verona Island East Black Ducks (W*,P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (P,F*) Great Blue Herons (N,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F) Herring Gulls (N,P,F) Mergansers (N*) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P*,F*) Small Gulls (P*) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,P*) P029 Bucksport Bald Eagles (P*) Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (N,P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (P,F) P111 Verona Island-Southeast Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (N,F) Great Blue Herons (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (N*) Herring Gulls (N,F) Small Gulls (F) Unid. Waterfowl (N*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. VERONA contd. on CD Prospect contd. on Bucksport 29 A contd. on Orland 27 -------------- ----------- contd. on Penobscot VINALHAVEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P061 North Haven Town Black-Backed Gulls (S,N) Cormorants (F) Eiders (W,S,P,F) Gulls (W,N*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,F) Loons (S,F*) Mergansers (W) Old Squaws (W,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N*,F*) P066 Kill River Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (P) Cormorants (F*) Eiders (S,N,P) Great Blue Herons (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W*,F) Mergansers (W) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W) Shorebirds (F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S,N*) P067 Carver Cove Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W,S*,F*) Mergansers (N,F) Ospreys (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F*) Scoters (N*) Shorebirds (W,F) Terns (P) Uni. Waterfowl (W,S*,N) P068 Seal Bay Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese M Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S*) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W,N,F) Loons (W,S*) Old Squaws (W*,S,F) Shorebirds (W,N*,P,F) Terns (N,P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S,N) P069 Stoddard-Smith Islands Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (W*,P,F) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,F) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (W*,N,F) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (S) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (W*,P,F) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,N) P070 Narrows-Sheep-Green Islands Black Ducks (W*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Cormorants (N*,P*,F*) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F) Gulls (P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S,N*,F) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P*,F*) Harbor Seals (N,P,F) Loons (S,F) Mergansers (W,S*,F) Old Squaws (W,S,F*) Shorebirds (W*,S*,N,P*,F*) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,P*) P071 Saddleback Ledge-Brimstone I Black Ducks (S) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N*,P*,F*) Cormorants (W*,S*,N,P*,F*) Eiders (W*,S,N*,P*,F*) Gulls (N*,P*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N*,P*,F*) Harbor Seals (N*,P,F*) Loons 0qM Old Squaw (W*,S*,F*) Petrels (N,P) Shorebirds (W,S,P*,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. VINALRAVEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P072 Roberts-Hay-Otter Islands Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N*,P*,F*) Cormorants (N*,P*,F*) Eiders (W*,S,N*,P,F*) Gulls (P,F*) Guillemots (N*,P*) Herring Gulls (W,N*,P*,F*) Harbor Seals (N,P,F) Loons (S,N*,F*) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W*,S,F*) Petrels (N,P) Shorebirds (W*,S*,P*) Unid. Waterfowl (S) P073 Greens Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Gulls (W*,F) Great Blue Herons (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P*,F) Harbor Seals (N,F) Loons (W*,S*,N*,P*,F*) Mergansers (W,S*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W-,S,F) P074 Vinalhaven Town Black Ducks (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W,P*,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (F*) Eiders (W,S,N,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F) Herring Gulls (W*,S,N*,P,F*) Loons (W*,S,F) Mergansers (S) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (P) Small Gulls (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W,F*) P075 Hurricane Island Black-Backed Gulls (S,N,P*,F*) Cormorants (W,S*,N,P,F*) Eiders (W*,S,N,P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F*) Harbor Seals (N) Loons (W,S*) Mergansers (W,S) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (N*,P,F) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*) P076 The Basin Black Ducks (W) Black-Backed Gulls (W,N,P) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,N,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls 0M Great Blue Herons (N) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,F*) Herring Gulls (W,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W,F) Mergansers (W,F) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W*,F*) Scoters (N*) Shorebirds 0M Terns (N) Unid. Waterfowl (W) P077 Lairey's-Crane-Crotch Islands Black-Backed Gulls (N,P) Cormorants (W,N,P,F). Eiders (W*,S*,N,P,F) Eagle Nests (N*) Gulls (F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W*,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W*,S*,F*) Mergansers (W*,S*) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squaws (W*,S,F*) Shorebirds (S*,P) Small Gulls (P) Terns (P) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S) P078 White Island Black-Backed Gulls (P,F*) Cormorants (P,F*) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F*) Gulls 6M Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (W,S*) Mergansers (W,S) Osprey Nests (N*) Old Squaws (W,F) Shorebirds (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (W,S) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay tor the season identified. VINALHAVEN Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of occurrence. (W-winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P079 Medric Rock-Green Ledge Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N*,P*,F*) Cormorants (S*,N*,P*,F*) Eiders (W,S*,N*,P*,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W) Guillemots (N,P) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (P,F) Loons (W,S*) mergansers (S*) Old Squaws (W,S,F) Shorebirds (W*,N) Small Gulls (P) P080 Green-Dogfish Islands Black-Backed Gulls (S*,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S*,N*,P,F) Herring Gulls (W,S*,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (N,P,F) Loons (W,S) Mergansers (S) Osprey Nests (N) Old Squayis (W,S,F) Scoters (N*) Shorebirds (W) Unid. Waterfowl (W,N) P081 Crockett Point Black Ducks (W,N*) Black-Backed Gulls (S,N) Cormorants (N,P,F) Eiders (W,S,N,P,F) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Loons (W*,S*) Mergansers (S) ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N*) old Squaws (W,S,F*) Shorebirds (W,S*) Unid. Waterfowl (W*,S*,P*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. I I I I I I I 11 11 VINALHAVEN I I I I I I I I I fI 61 0 0 C contd. on North Haven Yo u . ... .. ... 67 81 C L C W 0 -7 D 66 Fo x Rocks N E C K @1 i d j I Mtn JC Head A I@P, cT C Q 0 @@j Roiln 6 B S 8 reen t 0 PO Ak Barle y Cr C@da, Hill Ic Mtn 74 C it CA /V pon I t Laf,@ S B aven A 7 -17 Sree C ane 78 Island A 70 ead m d@e ti Is B B "y 1, 75 73 1@ r YmW- !@A A 72 A 71 A SaJ81e6ar-K LeAge 1@c 71 m z WINTERPORT Marine Wildlife of Penobscot Bay by Wildlife Area and Season of Occurrence. (W=winter, S=spring migration, N=nesting, P=post nesting, F=fall migration) P032 Marsh River Black Ducks (W,S,N*,P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Canada Geese (S*,F) Eiders (N) Great Blue Herons (P,F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S*,F*) Herring Gulls (S,N,F) Mergansers (W*,F) Ospreys (P*) Shorebirds (N,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S,F*) P033 Winterport Black Ducks (P*,F*) Black-Backed Gulls (W*,S,N,P,F) Cormorants (N,P,F) Gulls (S,P*,F) Great Blue Herons (P) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Harbor Seals (F) Loons (F) Mergansers (P*,F) Ospreys (P*,F*) Shorebirds (N*,P,F) Small Gulls (P,F) Unid. Waterfowl (S*,F*) P034 Bald Hill Black Ducks (P,F*) Bald Eagles (F*) Black-Backed Gulls (N) Cormorants (P,F) Canada Geese (S*) Gulls (F*) Goldeneye/Bufflehead (W,S) Herring Gulls (W,S,N,P,F) Ospreys (P*) Osprey Nests (N) Unid. Waterfowl (S*) Indicates the presence of greater than 1% of the species' population in Penobscot Bay for the season identified. WINTERPORT contd. on Hampden B 34 J , - -1 contd. on Orrington MO c 33 o" -0 contd. on Bucksport A 32 contd. on Frankfort I - I i I I . I I I I I i I,- -I!, - . .I "I , I 0 v -.. . - - . - a I i i I i i i I J 11101111111111111111 u 1 3 6668 00000 6512 1