[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
QL 7 37 .S63 F56 1982 FINAL REPORT MANATEE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION TURKEY CREEK, PALM BAY, FLORIDA DER CONTRACT CM 36 FOREWARD The City of Palm Bay served as a model for the development of a Model Manatee Protection Program for a Coastal Zone Management Grant in 1979-80. This current project is an implementation of that program in Palm Bay. A flow diagram (figure 1) was developed in 1979-80 and served as a basis for the 1982 project. Those items checked on figure one were undertaken and completed by the City of Palm Bay between January and October,1982. The following report documents the results of each of those activities. TAEU 3 Implementation Ages POUCY recommendations and local government action Interr"ernmeft Go-ordination GOAL DATA COLLECT DATA ANALYSIS OWEMVES PROGRAMS ey Review Local Incorporate sonata* awareness to P. ordiftences Recreation Pro& am ct,- Life Make employees available for program/ scouts, clubs, 1. lectures. etc. Joyce a. Rotary me WasunWate annatee literature. Florida Sea Gran lot Pro t 7 1 1=8 brochures, porodets A literature -ca Invite progress by other agencies Fla. Dept. of Znv1r. Recreation Coal* Comment on permits. ca. zonate* Fla. Dept. of manatee Public . Public research Awe . Schools Review development plans for Impact Oft Fla. Audubon Society 1te4 to Montreal ramee Senate* I : IF : prepare Modify building codes regarding Fla. Dept. of Envir. Couservatl total manatee shoreline structures itegalatich Coalim acted ordinances =4 f - - M Declare by resolution a manstect U.S. Amy - th day. Cor"Ps of A Staff 9ducatles week of won Zn ineers Survey : Planning -==:.; Improve N Department Direct POStles of signs to sanates aroma U.S. Coast Guard enforcement of existing IsL ordinance requiring review of Pat T Manatee dev: opmat In manatee are" E Pro* Won Coueet Analyze DatermLoo Budget for manatee survey*. study. Fla. Dept. of E Gods" Data on Data Programs enforcement V/ Formutatka Manatee City Council Enforce Florida Kenstc,a Sanctuary Act W.S. Fish and Vildlife Service Data from State and stay R Aid In onforcemat of "angered Specie county or city contract Act Federal Patrol "notes area during manatee E t a lot- season 1 i a, - Decrease cr@r :.I : manatee Refer calls to "mates H Marine Patrol S Cos 0 an Federal bartan@at E Refer cases of Injured or barreamocl Fla. Case and Free R anImals 0 water Fish Cos. Intata V I. water Use caution to canal construction U.S. Fish end Land Us's hazards @uailty IVII411 a Service police Goals Sheriff devIses an flood T con rol Maintain vegetated slopes on canals and habitat mean f:4 Iltolons 94and Use 10:'r 0 i . ;=at. Contents N Avoid discharge of sewage effluent to manatee areas Improve 7 public =4..4 works Use smaree for weed control 111420tafft nod by Manatee habitat Fla. Dept. of Spray for aquatic weads whom manatee are ab okletats sent "a Re Establish "not" saxactuary, or coastal mcmates road 0 Land gas Reirvalusie Goal source" 01 Ic Planning conservation area Agency Coordinate program with adjacent city Fla. Dept. of State W14 tax and counties -71-noln, Ion buffer Manes between manatee fusts d human ,,d.t Plan martens away from manatee son" MODEL MANATEE PRESERVATION PROGRAM core: Zontg Site Industrial or power plant Aimcbara .0 manatee away IT J. Final Report Manatee Program Implementation Turkey Creek, Palm Bay Florida DER Contract CM-36 I. Public Awareness A. Presentations. More than thirty programs were presented throughout the community, reaching over 1300 people (Table 1). The presentations incl.uded combinations of lectures, slide shows, field trips and special programs. Groups sponsoring the programs varied from adults to youth groups and schools. Adult groups included a broad range of special interests from the Marine Dealer's Association to church groups@, Dive Clubs, and residents'of a retirement home on Turkey Creek. Environmental groups were The Grange, Port Malabar Garden Club and Keep America Beautiful, Inc. Local schools, both public and private, utilized the programs from the elementary through the university graduate school level. These activities are more fully described in the following section; Education Programs. Youth groups, Scouts, 4-H, summer camps, and recreation programs were involved in the project. The local Marine 4-H group received a Community Pride grant from Exxon Oil Company. The middle school aged children recieved statewide recognition for completion of a project related to protection of the manatee sanc- tuary. Presentations on manatees were made by school children on three occasions*to the City Council. Sixth graders traveled to Tallahassee to make presentations to DNR director Elton Gissendaner and Governor Graham. They circulated a petition attracting more than 8,000 signatures. B. Media. Press coverage included radio and TV news, public service announcements, and newspaper and community newsletter articles. Nearly fifty articles featuring Palm Bay's manatees have appeared in local and countywide newspapers since January (See Appendix 1). TV news spots covered the initiation of the program, the Governor's visit during Turkey Creek Day and purchase of the City's manatee patrol boat. Six local radio stations covered preparations for Turkey Creek Day. Table 1. Public Awareness and Education Programs Palm Bay Manatee Protection Program February - September 1982 PRESENTATIONS Date Group People in Attendance February 18th Palm Bay Elementary 6th Grades 180 January 28th Indian River Grange 34 January 28th Palm Bay High School Jr. Civitan Club 38 January 21st I min., 25 sec. Channel 9 Evening News Manatee Program and presentation of petition to the Mayor. February 4th Brevard-Marine Dealer's-Association- -35 Manatee slide show, handouts. February 9th Volunteer Manatee Spotters for Grant 22 Survey Welcom; - Mayor, Manatee slide show, Kirk Smith, Police and Todd Gipe handouts and data sheets February Ilth Urban Planning and City Administration 35 Class, FIT Febraury 24th Den 2 Cub Scout Troop walk in 12 Turkey Creek Manatee Habitat February 27th 1. 4-H Marine Club - Reef Rovers 25 Tour of Manatee Habitat 2. Turkey Creek Sanctuary Scouting Explorer Group March 4th 6th grade student presentation to 110 City Council March 8th Radio feature WEZY March 10th Reef Rovers Marine 4-H Club 18 March 20th Questers Club 17 March 25th Cub Scout Pack 2 70 April 2nd Presentations to Governor Graham and Dr. Elton Gissendaner April 21st Aqua-Nuts Dive Club 21 Date Group People in Attendance April 23rd Nature Walk - Port Malabar 20 Garden Club April 306 Gifted Students from Port Malabar 11 Elementary School May 15th 3 showings of Manatee Slide Show at 100 Turkey Creek Day May 20th Holy Trinity School Manatee Slide 73 Show to 3rd and 4th grades May 21st Board of South Brevard "Keep America 30 Beautiful" June 26th Nature Walk - Sponsored by the 54 Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee June 23rd City of Palm Bay Summer Recreation 87 Program Wild Life Series July 22nd Childrens Summer Reading Program 78 Palm Bay Library July 28th City of Palm Bay Summer Recreation 19 Program August 3rd Erna Nixson Park Camp 16 August 4th Palm Bay Recreation Department 70 August 4th Palm Bay Patrol Boat Launching, TV 23 feature on boat launch WMOD and WESH August 12th Bethesda Retirement Home 32 September 5 & Ilth Field Trip Turkey Creek Hammock 30 September 27th Port Malabar Elementary 120 TOTAL ATTENDEES: 1376 TOTAL PRESENTATIONS: 34 The local newspaper sponsored a Name-the-Manatee contest. Large ads ran for six weeks featuring Palm Bay's Official City Animal. C.. Turkey Creek Day. Manatees were featured as part of a new community festival, Turkey Creek Day. Proclaimed by the Mayor and City Council and sponsored by a volunteer group, the gathering had several purposes: 1. To create an awareness of the natural resource, educational, and recreational values of the creek; 2. To raise funds for programs to preserve the natural attributes of the creek including the manatee-habitat. Activities included boat rides on the creek, an auction, an education program, food and a fair. Attendance was estimated at more than 8,000. D. Educational Materials Distribution. Pamphlets, flyers, maps, bumper stickers and booklets were obtained from the following organizations: Florida Department of Natural Resources Florida Power and Light Florida Sea Grant Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee These materials were distributed at all presentations listed on table 1. Additionally, materials were made available at the Palm Bay City Hall, Community Center and Library. The local K-Mart store and marinas displayed pamphlets and posters. Manatee bumper stickers were placed on all city vehicles. Waterproof packets of manatee information were prepared for the Palm Bay Police Department patrol boat. When boaters are stopped they will be given information concerning manatees in Florida and Turkey Creek. The Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee included manatee materials in packets of information made available to park tour guides and school resource coordinators and science research teachers. The committee also produced tee-shirts with two designs featuring manatees. Bumper stickers "Have You Hugged Your Manatee?" and "Stand by Your Manatee" were designed and are being sold locally. E. Development of Public Awareness Pamphlet and Poster. ."Living With Your Manatee, a Waterfront Homeowner's Guide" was developed, printed and distributed during the course of this project (Appendix tI). A manatee cartoon character was developed and featured in the guide as well as in a poster currently under- going final design. The 2,000 copies of the 8111 by 11" three-fold pamphlet were distributed to waterfront homeowners and made available at the City Hall, marinas and the Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District. F. Educati on Program. In addition to the thirty-four presentations listed on table 1, manatees were the focus of a twice weekly class conducted by the Palm Bay Recreation Department this summer. Appendix III is the schedule of the programs. The County Forester included manatee preservation in programs of environmental awareness conducted for local elementary schools. Resource materials were made available in each school. The sixth grade of Palm Bay Elementary School led their school and the community in manatee education and public awareness. The children studied manatees as a part of the web of life which is the basis for natural resources of the city. They conducted a petition drive to support the manatee as the state animal, solicited support for grotecti'on of manatees in PaIm Bay and invited Jim@y Buffett to visit the city. A group of six children from the elementary school and two from the high school traveled to Tallahassee to meet with Governor Graham and Elton Gissendaner. II. Enforcement A. Patrol of Manatee Areas. Funds provided by Florida DER for this project were used to purchase a seventeen foot Boston Whaler as a police patrol boat for Turkey Creek. The boat was delivered in June and outfitted with special equipment in July. The Mayor of Palm Bay officially launched the craft on August 4, 1982. Regular patrol of manatee areas have been undertaken during periods of time when boat traffic is most intense and manatees are known to frequent the area. Two independent surveys by Eagle Scouts have been used to document times of boat use in various parts of the creek. This information was coordinated with information on manatee distribution from volunteer manatee spotters and the formal manatee survey, also a part of this report. B. Conservation Officer. The city of Palm Bay Police Department appointed a Conservation Officer. This officer conducts vehicular, foot and boat patrols of Palm Bay's manatee habitats. He is assisted in his duties by volunteer auxillary police. C. Florida Statute Changes, Resolutions and Ordinances. 1. The Florida State Legislature in the 1982 session passed amendments to the Manatee Sanctuary Act which directed the Department of Natural Resources to establish rules regulating boat speeds in a poftion of Turkey Creek. Although Palm Bay made recommendations on the management area, both the time and area delineated in the amendment were inconsistent with data concerning the site. Modifications to the Act to be submitted to the 1983 session of the Legislature were developed, forwarded to local legislators and prepared for legislative consideration. See Appendix IV. 2. City Animal Designation - The City Council of Palm Bay on March 25, 1982 passed and adopted Resolution 82-12 designating the manatee as the Official City Animal (Appendix V). A proclamation was prepared by the Mayor of Palm Bay and presented by school children to the Governor in Tallahassee. 3. Critical Habitat Designation - The City Council passed and adopted Resolution 82-11 declaring Turkey Creek a local critical area for manatees. The resolution requested that Florida DNR establish special enforcement zones in Turkey Creek and coordinate enforcement with the Palm Bay Police Department (Appendix VI). 4. Turkey Creek Day Proclamation - The Mayor of Palm Bay, by proclamation, established May 15, 1982 as Turkey Creek Day in recognition of the creek's significance to the natural, recreational and historical community (Appendix VII). 5. Boat Speed Regulations - A draft resolution is being considered by the City Council to regulate boat speeds in the manatee areas of Turkey Creek and its tributaries. D. Intergovernmental Coordination. 1. A working relationship has been established between the local Florida Marine Patrol Officer and the Palm Bay's Conservation Officer. 2. The Palm Bay Officer has been deputized to enforce Florida manatee protection regulations. 3. The Palm Bay Conservation Officer has also been deputized to enforce federal manatee protection regulations under the Marine Mammal!s Act and the Endangered Species Act. 4. The Boat Speed Regulation Ordinance was reviewed by the Florida Marine Patrol, Florida Audubon and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services. E. Hotline. The Police Department has been made aware of and has referred calls to the Florida Manatee Hotline. One manatee calf was found dead in a canal. Death was from undetermined neo-natal causes. Appendix I News Articles Appendix II Manatee Guide Appendix III , Schedule of Palm Bay Recreation Department Summer Class on Manatees and Palm Bay Wildlife Appendix IV Proposed legislation change made to State Representative Marilyn Evans Appendix V Resolution 82-12 designating. the manatee as the City Animal Appendix VI Resolution 82-1.1 related to critical area designation and coordination enforcement Appendix VII Turkey Creek Day Proclamation Appendix VIII Boat Speed Regulation Ordinance Tables. 1. Presentations 3B TODAY, Mday, August 6, IN2 S D YA Kv 7 ga T-O' @A -'C Y photo by Mike Brown rr Maiden voyage palm Bay Mayor Bill Madden, left in in the city"s new police boat, which,..... --y City Manager Richard Diamond boat, heads a group taking the first ride, double as a manatee patrol craft. Dep- uses a camera to record the event.. Thursday. August 19, 1982 Pro- Kids make plea for manatee protection Palm Bay Post,** me." Wendy Berner. 6. writes Brian Berner, an 8- Grade 1. Port Malabar Ele- year-old, 4th Grader at Port mentary. Malabar Elementary, on -My name is Brent the behalf of the Florida Man- Manatee. My friend got kil- atee... led by you humans! So please watch for us manatees. But, -Please slow the boats otherwise you are doing a down because we are slow goodjob for us. Tbank you.- and they can't move out of Brent Duncan, 11, Grade the way. There feeding spots 6, Meadowlane Elemen- are being filled in and there tary. homes are being filled in. "I am a -manatee. Please Pe.9ple- are-- shooting 1 them-, --peotect me. I want to be r0i fun. Barges are crushing free, Greg manatee." Greg them in canals. In the winter Martin, 6. Palm Bay Kin- they go to warm springs but dergarten. people are scaring then% a- way and they catch a flu or "Protect our Florida Man- they die but the way t e atee, friends of ours. Please anatees," Christy die the most is by motor love m boats. To the manatee Bre- Curry, 7. Grade 2. Port vard couny is a deth trap. Malabar Elementary. There were more manatees During the summer pro- killed in Brevard couny than gram the youngsters saw any,other place in Florida. movies and slide shows, Save the Manatee. Your heard talks on plant life, friend the manatee." fishlife, the Turkey Creek Sanctuary and went on two canoe trips along the creek. They also had two sessions 'I like to eat and sleep. on sketching wildlife pre- Motor boa's tear me senwd by artist Marcy Bart- lett. up. Cooperating in the. pro- gram were representatives of the Native Plant Society, Joining in the plea* for Audubon Society, Florida manatee protection were Fish and Game Commis- other children who attend- sion, Florida Power and ed a nature study program 'Light@ graduate students from at the Community Center Florida Institute of Tech- this summer. They wrote: nology and other local and state organizations. "I like to eat and sleep. Motor boats tear me up," Jason Dierberg, 7. Grade 2, Port Malabar Elemen- tary. "I am a manatee. I like manatee life but people hurt The Palm Bay Post Page 3 77' A; L Boy Scout Shawn Hart of Melbourne and Troop 376, was congratulated last week by Palm Bay Mayor William Madden after completing a manatee survey in his Eagle Scout program. Adding their commendations were Kevin McMillan and Tod Tite, Florida Institute of Technology graduate students who have been active in the Save the Manatee program. Scout Hart worked two months compiling information on manatees and other marine life in Turkey Creek and checking boat traffic at various points along the creek. HEYKIDSq.qIq.qIq.q1" 29 eci0qiI Announcement*..,,. 6 New A6qr*2qri2qval.. Thealm Bay-Post .,[email protected] A Manat8qp8qe,:,-'..... (and it needs a name!!) Name The Post Family's Newest Addition and Win Your Own- Manatee, (stuffed-.of course8qY-.--- Plus a $25 U.S. Savings Bond Name Our" Manatee Contest..... Open to children age 12 and und2qer-in the Palm Bay area., Entries must be received by The Post not later than July 31, 982. Win Your Own Manatee by Naming Ours Nq=qw The Posts Manatee Contest qIqVqIqO8qWOqWS Name, Yaw Nqwqa Age. School,.: Graft. q'Addrqe2qw city Paqrqeqrqy6qfs Narqr6q* 0qPhons A2ql2ql entries must be in by Ito 31q,1982q, Mai qent2q6eqsto0q74qhqePqa4qo, P.O. Box 879, Palm Bay, 4qF24qL32905q'ordqeliverthqeqrnto 4qT28qU Ad at Bui8ql28q&qng A, Suite Z 50 Woodlakqe Drive, West, P32qWm Bay. eds a na2q@me!q!q) Pro" Of 6q70q74qW 16qpqa0qbqn Bay 16qPqOqS4qLq.q. Ad 4qm4qb0qi8qf8qt 8qb8qm4qw 0q4 (and it weds a naqi0qn4qeql2q!0q) d manatee found Dea P*"*j'6-xf possibly stillborn APalrnBaymanawewatch- the Palm Bay Police and Ile officials then notified . laboratory in Tampa for an er reported a dead manatee the Florida Marine Patrol. authorities at Sea World autopsy- in Turkey Creek last week. He said the officers were at 'and a team arrived in Palm The city won a state grant Joe Stauffer, a volunteer his home within minutes. Biy within hours to take last year for its manatee manatee watcher, discovered They found no evidence of the manatee to Sea World's protection program. the baby manatee in the iroury and, according to Stad- creek near his home on Day- fer, the marine patrol of- tona Drive on June 27. ricer said the baby was pos- Stauffer, who has been a sibly stillborn. member ofthe manatee watch for several months, notified The Palm Bay Post June 3, M AIN! 40" p NN t AW. dV '41.N N. 3 Al -a: J;7 RD6 4r Turkey Creek. one of Palm Bay's most beautiful assets, is bordered by native vegetation as it meandems, its way toward the Indian River. Ta THE EDrr8qO2qR- Palm Bay boaters would do well to re- realize the need for. Certainly today's regu- member how well off they am. No doubt, laqtions would be no match for the incon- there are those who would gripe about man- venqience that a really fair set of laws would datory anchor rules and life preservers, boat create. registration and others that I won't mention. Someday 'maybe the manatees will be Tqhen there are the optimists. I consider my- gone. Of course, maybe someday them will self as a pan of qthis group. Just the other day be no people left. 1ben the manatees will I was contemplating the luxuries of water- only have to wonqy about old age. front living when it dawned on me; what if q7q1m Perkins the manatees were in charge? qP4qhqun-ally, this Paqhn Bay, 4qF0qL makes things shine with a different light. Manatees would start their boating rules with an,acceqnt on safety, for wildlife, not people. '4qMe new rules would probably con- sist of propeller guards, pedestrian paths (for underwater travelers), and even off- limit are for boats with propellers. I'm sum 8qVve.niegqlecqtqw0q48qkfe2qw possibilities, the ones that only underwater qiqfqfqlqieqnqic-qOuqld The next meeting of the Friends and Newcomers Club of South and public awareness. The County Forester became involved in Brevard will be Tuesday, July 6, at 10:30 A.M. at the United Church of 1980 after seeing the destruction to the sand bluff area of the creek Christi corner of U.S. I and Strawbridge Avenue. There is parking on the Audubon pfoperty, due to overuse of this sensitive area. adjacent to the church. Members of gardOn clubs and the Native Plant Society quickly This will be a short business meeting. followed by a game of Bingo. became involved. All guests and members are asked to bring a covered dish, set of Organizations focu@ed their support on the I st Annual Great Turkey utensils and a prize for the winners. The prize should be of a nominal C(eekDayinaneff ' to raise money to achieve the goals of fencing 0, 0 value. theSanctuaryt en@ urage preservation and limit vehicular access . I Coffee and tea will be served by the Hospitality Chairwomen. in preparation for he development of a park. The Education Committee welcomed an interested and enthusiastic crowd for slide presentations 'on the Sanctuary and Federally endangered PEACE LUTHERAN CHURCH @e. Manah Peace Lutheran Church Women will host the Annual Beach Brunch The next guided tour of. the Sanctuary will be held on Saturday, at Paradise Beach Thursday. July 15, 9:00 a.m. The monthly Pot Luck Fellowship will be Wednesday noon, July 14, with Mayor August 7 at 9 A.M. M@et us outside the Palm Bay Library behind the William Madden providing an up-date on growth and progress in the Recreation Center. Guides can answer any questions you may have, city. For additional information about these open meetings, phone (The next tour will be'; hold in September.) the Church Office, 727-3131. For more information on what you can do t 'o support a community effort, join us for th I next Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee PALM BAY CATCHES CREEK FEVER Meeting on Monday erning. July 12th at City Hall, 7:30 P.M. and FINDS SANCTUARY Write to Box 1209, Palm Bay, Florida for your copy of the Sanctuary history habitats, plans for preservation, committee organization, Frank Kler I and membership information. Mark to attention of Jerome Folmar. Brevard County Forester I Chairman, Education Committee Slide presentations cap be scheduled by calling 725-4607. Distinc- tive Sanctuary bumper stickers, T-shirts, Sanctuary prints and Manatee Adoption applications are available by writing to Peg The Ist Annual Great Turkey Creek Day piqued the interest and Zabinski at the same address. attracted the support of residents and organizations in Palm Epy and as far away as Stuart and Cape Canaveral as they gathered at LIBRARY CORNER the Port Malabar Yacht Club alongside beautiful Turkey Creek on Books about plants and landscaping. Reviewed by Vicki L Williams, Saturday, May 15. Governor Bob Graham delighted the hosts for the Reference Librarian. I day (The Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee, Inc.) and attending One of the nice things al@out living in Florida is the number of tropical enthusiasts by his visit at 3 p.m. Community concern developed into action in 1977 as a result of a and semi-tropical plant* we are able to use around our homes. land transfer from General Development Corporation to the Florida However, with the drought of last summer and the freeze this winter, Audubon, making the establishment of the Sanctuary possible and many homeowners are considering a landscape of juniper instead of fostering plans for a nature oriented park and passive recreation replanting with exo tics. If your flowering shrubs are looking grim, area. A portion of the property adjacent to the Audubon property on and you are tired of pruning them back to ground level. the Library the west side of the creek is owned by the City of Palm Bay. may have some books y@u should read. The Florida Audubon Turkey Creek Sanctuary Advisory Committee Florida Flowers: Annuals 4nd Bulbs, and Florida Plant Selector, both and following Turkey Creek Hammock Committee developed goals by Lewis S. and Betty M. Maxwell. are standard sources and used by and plans for protection, development of park facilities, education (continued on next page..J 9 THE PALM BAY Oak Mina a-- M_ MW Published by the Palm Bay Area Chamber of Commerce Vol. X1, No. 6 Palm Bay, Florida June 1982 THE TURKEY CREEK SANCTUARY The Turkey Creek area of Palm Bay consists of forty unique acres which have been declared a sanctuary. Most of the property has been deeded to the city. A small section is owned by the Florida ALdubon Society. Turkey Creek has served for centuries as a source of food, transportation and recreational enjoyment. There is evidence that prehistoric mammals used the creek. Nomadic Indian tribes hunted and camped along its shores. Early European pioneers to this area settled along the banks. In today's world of environmental deterioration, the uniqueness of Turkey Creek is further enhanced by the numerous species of endangered wildlife and plants still found in the sanctuary. The bald eagle and esprey can be found nesting there. The swallow tail butterfly and the scarce indigo snake are there. The gentle manatees (conthvu&d."-.)- still use the creek for their winter residence and.birthing areas for masquerading as development is the means by which mat their young. The Mora in the hammock area of Turkey Creek consists "improves"his environment. The Turkey Creek Sanctuary has beet of: red maples. hickories, swamp magnolias, oaks myrtle. sugar- Subjected to many forms of this ignorant destruction. Trees arf. berries, coastal plain willows as well as air plants and wild orchids. being destroyed by vehicular traffic. Thoughtless foot traffic hag Ni Ille rapidly growing community of Palm Bay. it is amazing to find tramoled many endangered Plants. Trash is regularly dumped in ,ts 'roots" still flourishing. The natural beauty and abundance of the sanctuary area, Almost all of the thirty-three manatee which Nildlite that first attracted the nomadic people are still growing and have been spotted bear scars from speeding boaters. reproducing in Turkey Creek, There are differences ... the area is Awareness and concern for the Preservation Of Turkey Creek more condensed and the environment is often threatened. Sanctuary led 'to the formation of the TURKEY CREEK SANCTUARY As with any corner of the world. change will eventually take place. COMMITTEE. Their objectives are to: (1) Preserve the natural Erosion. flooding and natural disasters are some of Nature's ways amenities Of the Turkey Creek Sanctuary, and (2) To develop a of purposely redefining her own creations. Ignorant destruction regional nature oriented park. The committee is Open to all inter. (continued on next page ... ested residents and encourages memberships. For further infor. mation Please contact: The Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee Post Office Box 1209 Palm Bay. Florida 32905 The Pab0qn.Rqvqy Poo 6qN0qUy 27, 1982 'Dayfaqir.'and auctqi Turkey.Cre4qek on.8qfeso0qu96qT The success of this month's ;'Right now. people am fqlnd- fence will be o4qf4qf0qm with 4o- Malabar Bowling Center." Bay, q4nd TurI Turkey Crock Day fair and auc- in their own way into the naled labor. Zaqbqinski mid. I - - - - they bad imqsq, tion qhas made it posslulu AWS Uqm hammock and they're tramping -'We'll startw0qAqthe fence in Both Zabie4qW and Barile a- "A lot of Turkey Creek Sanctuary Com- down now pathways. We need jung and do qiqt in bits and pieces q&reod dua do fuzqtqTui0q*y 4qQvek. knew where th to Maur access into the ham- ' in," Day wait so succqusfuql, "' And they mittee -to begin building a .92 the money comes that it mock wiqdt a qfeaciqp iu2qW'q" many Zabinski said. Other fund- would undou8q"qy- qJqwome an of our water 6qt0qrqa mucqh-needed fence around tqhe never had a hammock. as three saw." she said. mixing mew will include sees annual qs0qwqitqioqp.-, 111. I l6qwe,qmade almost $q5.q0q0q0,00 Although the auction money of T-shirts, bumper stickers. '2qVe want q4o make it Palm fore - " An add is riot cqw8q%qb itifund the entire -and the 0qAqdq9pq@-0qA4q44o2qwaspiqw. Bay's qday,q4!-7Aqbqln-kql said. - site - am the tqhe auction, and mom money a fence. the project will begin -0qVq=.- still coming in." said Diane ; . , ; ! qI0qU qgoveqrqiorq% appqoitq" that it is the p0qlqa Barile, chairwoman oftqhe qUnc- anyway. Bariqle said L the Com- "6qWeqbadaqmisl4qVadcrowdal 6qW2qd a big qinqfqlquqe6q".xia our tqwn. settlement in Wary committee mittee hopes to make up the rest Turke Creaqk0qDsqy.@We'qm real out." Bqv6q* 4q40qW of Gov. Bob Bariqle said the qy Barqiqls'qnqid the money would of tqhe money'through qgraints or pleased with it. Now we're talk- Graham's 2q09eqqqdonoe at Turkey bets dressed in be used qiqmqmeqdqimeqly to begin future funqd.ralsi0qq events. inqg about. a q!6q68q" of July Pic- 0qCh4qrak Day. Drawn by On attrac- to highlight dqi buililqi2qq.q1qk q3q20.00qDJeqW e- Peg Zaqbqinski. chairwoman of nqic, and we qhaqvq; two or three tqioqti-oqf''11q1*0q4tinqj the governor, .)I think we Protecting the 8qTv2q*qy Cock Day project, different qkqh2q*:qfqar fund-raising. attendees. in. 6q*'iqesqtival found the commuqn6qiqt2q] nto 0qf0qt hammock. sa8qW so am of do cost of the including 6q41-qdiqiqinar.at Port there woo" A v - go' Palm realize we 6qbqe8qh -RIP e Time%: q2q6,19q8q2 4qJ2q@ay ;448qV 4q0 4q0 I 6;336qq2qA8qwpoint Turkey Cree2qkPa6qy was---8qu2qn.ited effor4qf Diane a%&% President a cafe established and a backdrop of 0qUe. day could only have has: TVrftq" ON* Iq&WOUMV comfon"s historic ax-qfqicles assembqledqL Peg is pen" because of extraordinary acq7a Some Iqk .2qLqwonde ed the mother of the Adapt-A Manatee tqions. The Palm Bay OpemqUonqg 6qd q4q0 6qpaqlni qS,,0q=qy happen in q2aqf' 9 may is. program. Her concept, adopted by* 6qDeqpqqrtment completely renovate& Turkey'. Creek Day was & grand the Sanctuary Committee, was the6qVounds of the Yacht Club be: qmqmess. Not qd2qWy did the event raise brought to life with the help of 1 and 5 p.m. Friday afternoor4q: much qneedb6qt funds for im- 4qCOnnqie MC6qT&g0qPrt. Marian HOq-rqMn 4qV4q%0qf0qi2qo Eric Meserve, deputy cqit6qZ provements 2qf2qt the Turkey Creek and Margery Trimmer. In addiboorto qma0qf0qtqger- of operation, had hqiqg Sanctuary PQ6qOq@ but the community very productive solleqitatqiq62qm for auc- - -back bent ovee, with a shovel. Aqji joined toqgqdqdi8qe In admiring one of its don items, Peg coordinated the.' Stein *and qL2q&6qW& Carey. who a qk)veqiqiegt rqq4q*Urces. Activities took events of the day with John and qwat2qted an the conqw2qg0qf0qtee. arrive0qg plan In qw2qW bad been an orange Carol Rodler for the auction, Dick qwqt4q* plants qfqtoqm home anqd Sun an0qg grow plant* qtqh 1953 and an almost Dougherty for food. Pat and Jim Shade Nursery to beautify tq1qw forgotten parqIL Palm Ba celebrated Snell an concessions, Frank qI2qGer, grounds. Family, friends and stv6qZ not only Turkey Creek 2qWqy but the Ginger 0qMcAwee and Marci Bartlett dents from F.qI.T. came to man tqI2qA -joy of the community working to- qfor education programs and Deborah auction and booths. Tom Mead% gether, the. seourity of knowing its 6qV2qKeefe and Davie Cesare for Mana- recreation department team entelq: historic and cultural roots and the tee Adoptions. She arranged with tained the.children with games durw pride and awareness of the abundant Ginni McGrath for the Palm Bay ing the auction. The Boy ScoutiqC qtqhtural resources available for us all Energy Committee seedling sale, Peter Barile, Todd Gqipe and Ke%-2q4 to enjoy. pony rides and even acted as a one McMillen conducted boat rkqles on thqt woman cleanup team. Tqhan wk. however, a tremq6n. creek. W Eacqh.coqmmittee chairman, for dous ovqemiglit which I would hope to Turkey Creek Day took resqIqmsiqbilqity cota . In the ewitement oqf the day for qhqis or her task and carried it out It was a wonderful dayl P0qk and the tight q@schedxile of Governor with red dedication and concern. I 72q4qbtriqski had hoped to thank qV&Cq.q@ Graham no recognition or apprqeciaq- only wish each had received the person an the committee and ha28qr t6qF8qmq- was 8qa0qdqo16qWlqed to those w2qho made applause qaqnd words of appreciation each Pei so them thank those qO2qW q. 48qP2q& 20q448q4 possible. The spirit of the they so well earned. Each group who them for coming to 6qjoiqnAhe fun a8qrqiq., day. 0qt2qhe 0qI0qI4qN04qM for organization and maintained q& booth and made cqontr8qiq- caring for Turkey Creekq. This then". t0qhqe q* qaqct8qi2q"q'it6qhqa0qk2qiqnqati8qm which con- bqut2qiqons, helped out, and should have ray apology to Peg. the various con, calved th24q&,h36q"12qVeqn2qing resides in a6ql6ql been thanked for making May 15 run 8qm8qi0qt0qtees q&16qM a2ql6ql who came for qnq,q- those vim q@ 68q*I4qpqed. especially the qsmqoqo48qf48qt and be so much 6qhqiqn; palm letting them hear a bravo'qaqnd thaqrq, dqlqair4qw40q@q_ Of the evqentqv Peg Bay High ROTC, 4q-H. South Brev4qard YOU. But Perhaps the greatest cqOqn 4qf4qt qZqaqbqb4qa4qb 60qAqer energy, Ideas and crqeq- Histqor8qk16qW Society, palm Bay Jay- 6qplimqe04qW to the day can not be maqcq, a4qdqv8qtty wqeqsqs reflected in the enjoy- c8qm the Bqoyq'sqcqoquqtqs, port Malabar by we persqo n but rather by a2ql2qlqt, qil4qI2qDq-4qi6qni 8qmqeq0t, fun mid 2qa2qm2qm of Turkey G8qu0qd8qm Club, t6q1qw6qi Palm Bay Post. those thrqou2qg6qn08qd2qA the day who 0qVqa2q' Crqeqe0qLDqay Her orgqan2qi2qn6qf6qiqoqnal skills Palm Say Senior Citizeqi28q&s Club and eyes shining said, "I 24qf24qtn't wait quqnq@ 2qhi at4qbm12qf12qt0qg to detail had flags flying. Friends of the 12qUbraqryq. Turkey Creek Day neq30qd year." May 27, 1982 The Pal -M Bay POE' 777 r jr O-X,7@ -eel Z Just clowning Kristen VanScoy signs autograph using U;a Palieri's back. Members of the Play-Tell Panto'Mime Troup. they entertained at Turkey Creek outing m Bay Post May 27, 198.,, 1@0 Crack the whip Plant Society. attends 'conference Jems encountered since the Smithsonian Institution. Palm Bay residents who have plant was first noticed by Mar- The six FNPS members who taken guided tours in the Turkey garet Harries last summer. Ef- attended the conference from reek Sanctuary may have forts to confirm the name of the this area returned with en- wondered where their guides plant have taken FNPS mem- thusiasm renewed for the con- were when the Turkey Creek ben to all of Florida's maJOIr tinuing effort to classify and list Sanc'tuary had its recent auc- universities as well as the all the. plants in South Brevard. tion. The guides, all members of the Florida Native Plant Soc- iety (FNPS). were in Gaines- ville for the Second Annual Florida Native Plant Society Conference. Palm Bay FNPS members have been frustrated for nearly a year in their attempts to get satisfactory identifications of the Asimina (paw paw) growing in the Turkey Creek Sanctuary, and the group from South Bre- vard that attended the confer- ence made sum they attended the plant identificatian work- shop by Dr. David Hall. The May istbedf the Flandi__ Native Plant Society newsletter, I'he Palmetto', carries an arti- cle on Palm Bay's paw paw. Written and illustrated by M.J.R. Bartlett, the article documents some of the prob- May 27, 1"2 A'V YO.J.1 A On Camera Governor Graham answers TV questioner at Turkey, Creek fund raiser. A be ralm Day post May 127, M West of what is now the FEC from the Caribbe= to Philse railroad bridge. A freshwater phi&, captured by the India' g flowed near the shore. described the habits and c, High bands and cliffs provided tonts of the time. The Dickc In the'Beginnings5observation point for sen- son party moved through t an .Is marking the movement of area in 1696 on their journey friend and foe along the major St. Augustine. Palm Bay area favored tt'hnoeroughfare of the time. the Following a few years as Indian River. English colony and a return by Indians,, settlers Settlement of Florida by Spanish possessions. tl Europeans was slowed by the Floridas, cast and west. becar All the ingredients for a sec- lack of resources dear to the a part of the newly form, by DiaDe Barile ure and prosperous village were economy of the time. The United States. A young Engli. brought together at the mouth of Spanish from St. Augustine civil crigincer traveled throu! Palm Bay - the City with a Turkey Creek- Indian villages traveled along the coast and Florida mapping the coasts at Future - is also the city with a and camps ringed Turkey were familiar with the Ais In- describing each area's potenti long history. It is the place of Creek. Vast oyster beds lined dians of the region. A ship- for settlement. In 1822 Vi, the wooly mastadon, ancient the broad expanses of the stream wrecked Quaker family enroute (continued to page 23) lost tribes. Seminole Indians. homesteaders. cowboys and set- tlers. Those newer residents. associated with the space age boom of the city are often un- familiar with the landmarks of the city past which still exist. Water and its various move- ments mark the progress and history of this place. As sea levels receded during the Plus- awl tocene age old sand dunes were w- abandoned. Two dune lines stand. one parallel to US I and 1p @A& another west of the Palm Bay 4 Community Ccnter. Turkey Creek was formed as water drained from high lands to the sea. The broad. often meander- imp ing. flow brought refuse to the animals in need of drink and shelter. Old sick or injured ani- 7" r7 mals seeking sanctuary died at W, the waters edge or in the creek. their bones still protected in the rich humic sods of the flood plain. Archaeologists are now excavating the remains in Palm Bay. "W4 Early man followed game along the broad savannas of the mighty St. Johns River, once an am of the sea extending from Jacksonville. M-csz nameless .0 44t hunters camped at perhaps fifty sites in what is now Palm Bay. moo ' A 14A mow:' N ,T"4 aw. lVanre'sfishingspecialistS. the pelicans, are afamiliar sigh$ 10 Palm BaY area reSidents- @ @fl V** Ap A Page 23 Lq=8qV scale agricultural qde- settled over the county. Many velopment was planned. Tracts families sustained themselves of land were sold throughout the once more by living off the river mid-west. qTqhe land. however. and the land. Cowmen. as was poor, subject to flooding in Florida cowboys are called, the late summer and drought in bought land close to the city. the spring. Agricultural rum runners sped up and down methods sound in the Great the river and the people waited Plains did not apply in sub- for the future. tropical Florida. Palm Bay. as the re%t of the flooding in the late summer and U.S. was awakened from its sad q-qOrqpught-in qdie spring. Agrqicuql- depression by the demands of World War It.-Near perfect fly- .qturaql methods sound in the Gqcqiiiqiq- Plains did not aqiply in sub- inqg weather and the threat of tropical Florida. German U-boats off the coast qThe river. however. was rich brought Army and Air qFDrce in food. Many of the nearly- bases. new jobs and a boost to ruined farmers were sustained the economy. The Malabar 'by qChe fish and shellfish of the tracking station remains in Palm estuarine waters. Most of south Bay today. After the war vet. and central Florida was under erans came home or returried to water most of the year. The sal- new lives near. bases in which vation of the state in terms of they had served. increasing agricultural produc- The need for homes of the tivity was in draining the land. new families spurred the growth In 1922 the Melbourne-Tiqlqlmart ,q?f land development com- Drainage District was formed panics. Mackle Brothers of by a group of Melbourne Miami, in the 50s purchased businessmen to drain nearly 100 land in Palm Bay and built shipped it up the Indian River to Square miles of the low marsh- houses before selling their in. northern markets. land on the east side of the St. terests to General Development Soon steamboats plied the Johns River. qTqhe major canal Corporation. 'those homes still 'Ol des@crqiPtqic`z Of the St. river and a village grew up system in Palm Bay today is a stand southeast of Bianca %nds River or 2qTqm-qkeqy Creek a,auad the grove. qTiquran-,z. reslqat 01. zu,q=sc: wcrqks, Drive. auds high bluffs suitable for named for one of qthe Culpepper Spurred by drainage the great Tqhe recent history of Palm omsit and rich soil for plan. and 2qCreeck partqwrs, attracted Florida Land Boom in 1924 Bay can be tied to America's Cations homesteaders from the north brought propqle by the train-qlo8qW space program. Two engineers, Before 1q850, a solitary fig- after the Civil War. ure. E.W. ESMS, with his wife. and bus-full to see the wonders Homer Denius and George took up residence on Turkey With the coming Of the rail- of Tillman, now incorporated as Shaw. began a small electronics er Planting an orange rhythm of the village moved Creek. Afte road qin q1q89q5- tqhe tempo and Palm Bay. Many stayed - the company in Melbourne called grove. the Estes family clung to wood" houses along die bay Radiation Incorporated. After from the river, the creek and the and US I am testament to their moving to Palm Bay. expanding their land during tqhe great dock to along the railroad trucks hopes for the future. and becoming a part of Harris Seminole Indian wars. -8qme and daily train schedule. Mom But the future had to wait. qIntertype. the company is now Orange grove$ -qcrqe expanded. 8qhqo6qmqes8qedeqrqs arrived eager to when purchased by a group of The great hurricane of 1926 the major employer in qt8qhqe state businessmen from Georgia. T4qhe supply Produce to the now more frightened prospective buyers of Florida. We know Harris Culpepper and 12qCqrqc0q=8qk Com- accessible market. Schools. a and speculators were left to Corporation as the center of the pany harvested the yearly crop. Post Office and a hotel were es- meet options they could all qa8qtq. industrial park. packed the golden fruit and tablishqedq. ford to exercise. The depression Affil. ,'law May 27, 1982 The Palm Bay Post GDC check funds club, park fix-up A city park on Port"Malabar of the creek. The architect's Boulevard and the Yacht Club plans show a wide-open effect will soon be sporting new looks making the room brighter in the thanks to a.large donation by the daytime and permitting a vari- General Development Corpora- ety of activities. The kitchen tion. will be improved as wel.l. G.D.C. agreed to contribute Architectural drawi ngs for a total of S 137,000 to the city's the Yacht Club building have J, Department of Leisure Services been sent to the city Budding Department for review prior to to spruce up Fred Roach Park on Port Malabar Boulevard and to issuing the necessary permits. renovate the Yacht Club on Once this step is completed, Bianca Drive. So far. the city work should soon begin and of- has received $100,000. New ficials expect the renovation to ballfield 'and tennis court lights be completed by late surnmer. have been installed, replacing aged and ineff icient lighting fix- The G.D.C. donation arose IMS- City officials state thafthe from at, out-of-court agrememint new metal halide lights am which did not -specify what about forty percent mom effi- amenities would be provided by Mel Broom, General Development vice president, presents cient than the former quartz them. On the recommendation Planning Consultant Diane Barde a $2,000 donation from GP' lights and will be less costly to of Vice President and General the Turkey Czeek Sanctuary. maintain. Mahager. Melton E. Broom G. D.C. agreed to donate cash to Other pack improvements the city for the improvements to include renewing the tennis Fred Roach Park and to the courts, replacing defective fen- Yacht Club. cing along the boulevard. and improving the tot lot. The city's Beautification Depaitment has Nature begun work on the parking lot area. Walk The Palm Bay Hammock The Yacht Club improve- Club is sponsoring a nature ments include replacing the walk on Sunday, June 6. Escorts from the Florida Na- roof, insulating, installing new tivc plant Society will act as air conditioning. enlarging the restrooms to meet federal hand- guides for the walk. leaving the icap access requirements. and Palm Bay Library at 175 N.W. funds permitting, adding a! Palm Bay Road, promptly at- screened porch - One pier has al- 1:0() P.M. ready been improved and the All those interested injoining remaining finger pier is planned the nature walk should be at the library prior to 1:00 p.m. for restoration later this year. The changes to the building take into account the breezes from the ocean and Turkey Creek. Casement windows and the slid- ing glass doors will improve cross- ventilation, reducing the need for air-conditioning, while the screened porch will allow users to enjoy the natural beauty lo 7-,6, qclqeqtqy so tqofil qsqaqnqcqtquqarqy supports q12q0V I- 2q@c0qg qsocqletqy two qatqtet4qA tqbqq a was certa ., in Patti& IL 6qVaqi 4qn*4q;e an qtqwool, to q&Z-q1 oqt Ctee it qwas q, srA qdqisqP 2qW8qA 2qTuriqkqeqy,q, q, qteqlt qi a mernoro qAqJ q16q; qit qbqi qba!'0q" arid 0q04q" qP&te raw" ve4q" lite 2qsrevalqd q;qIuseq!0q@rtqmqitteq!8q&,tqi, artqiqtacts, qsoutqt Ts ar0qA Cl vvaqg 2q"tu ounqa the oqtqfqice - use of Sa I 6qote qdaql, qsrest ca 0 qd qhqi8qoqi6qpq, @8q;or- dedicated to qVDVe the 2qW one 0q1 rarice 0 Tq64q@, riot q9 eriqder, to-_ to see 6qwqq@ oqt -*A ,tour 0q*9 tqitne to q1q1qistolqA at tqYiqis t,,,Breva am VIGqAqd lite qtrotn 2qW qeedRqd 4q"q1q9 ,vorqvers . qou6qaro 'Volunteer (or their buSY ,eeqVer4qA- -qietqV q@Sua6q%ql Cal #..Vft a PALM BAYElt _q= _3 2qy our 0 TURKEY CREEK DRAWS 2qp2q12qm8qa8qr GOVERNOR AND CELEBRATION Mayor Bill Madden proclaimed Ma% 15th "Turkey Creek Daqy"in the city of Palm Bay. The celebration at the Yacht Club Building Palm Bay began with the Mayor's address at 10.00 a.m. Activities I throughout the day included an auction. fair, bands and boat finds its roots rides through Turkey Creek. 8qGo%ernor Graham heard about By DUNE D. BARILE our manatees and our qlovelv creek from Nirs. Gendron's si-Ath palm Bay grade students from Palm qiqlay Elementan. He accepted our invitation to come to Palm Ba)q' and help raise fun to build a The City with a IFUture, Palm Bay. four- ds its roots and heart on Maqy 1q5. Turkey Creeq_ park in the Turkey Creek Hammock. Construction of a fence proclaimed by Mayor 2qBqUqI Maddeqt, and improvements will begin this summer. Day, brouqgqllt together the people of the city t, Nature Walk celebrate the long history of the community, tq, Regular tours of the hammock have been planned on a enjoy the beauty of tqhe stream which form q, bimonthly basis beginning Sunday. June 6th at 1:00 p.m. The major artery of the City. and to raise -funds 6qfq(q. walks %%ill start at the Palm Baqy Lqibrarv off Port Malabar a park in the Turkey Creek Hammock- Boulevard at the Communitv Center site. Guides are provided The event eqm6qo not have taken Pikeq. by the Florida Native Plant q�ocietq%. without the concern of many p6q"4q", for Prq"qel Do You Have Room in Your Home for a Manatee? The Manatees oqf Turkeq% Creek are the iocus ot a- manatee vatqion of the creek contributions from thqm6qg adoption program. The Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee will Out qBrevar(I County and the work qmu accept applications for those who commit themseqhes to care creativity of a dedicated committee. for and protect the manatees oqf Florida, especiall% of Turkey Of course, the visit by Fqlorqicla's Gov. Bq4 Creek. For a q$25 adoption iee,you%viqll receivea manatee and an Graham was the highqLqiqght of thqd day* 12qM adoption certificate. You can *then name your manatee and Turkey Creek Committee was indeed gratef receive mail from the other manatees of Turkey Creek.. for the governor's generous efforts in sharqb q%'Ve can't find any of the manatees q%qvho want to leave the quiet his time and qgenuqme concern for the preserv sanctuaqrqv of Turkeqv Creek, and we could be liable 8qfor a $20,000 tion of the recreational aqn6qd natural q- rqesourc2q, fine if we' hqarrasqs or try to move. them. So. 8qyou wilt receive a Of Turkey Creek. He was especially k8qinqi8qd unique, inclividuqal8qly made manatee which is housebroken. soft take extra time in signing autographs for 8qi and cudd8qlq%q.q, and won'[ be eating 0q100 pounds of food a day like the children who gathered near him. the real ones. The first celebration of its kind for Pal Bay was the result of the creativity and sp08qh It 0qyou hqaq% e space in your heart for a Palm Bqaq% manatee or your of a group led by Peg Zqabinski, finance ch0qa club or organization would like to help the manatee b% support- qu8qnn of the Turkey Creek Committee. Peg ing the 4qTUr8qkv Creek 5ancqtuqar0q@q, send for an application: Turke8q% 8qiqn6qg4qmuitY and enthusiasm launched the qsuqc4qm Creek Sanctuary Committee, P.O. Box 1209. Palm Bayq, Florida 32905. tul Adoptq-A-08qMaqnatqee Program, coordinated t events of the day and orchestrated thousan Of deta2qlls into a melody to be remembered u4qn -Turkey Creek Day year. The spirit of cooperation in making t Magic happen on May 15 can only be attribut to the kind -ti- 2A The Times Wednesday, May 26, 1982 Council Picks patrol boat for Turkey Creek By CHERYL HECKLER Kreuzkamp said he recommended the extra-strength not set as Times Staff Writer hull after checking with the local CASA Guard Auxiliary danger to th The Turkey Creek Sanctuary received apatro boat to and Florida Marine patrol. Officer The prime pupose the boat is enforcing the "no the WhOrs' BAY. with it came a disagreement between City wake" speed zone and patrolling the Turkey Creek area, proposed in Counci and the police department as to just what kind of he god. The department would,WN patrol for other guard would vessel should be used. violoations. tee," he said The patrol boat is pan of a grant the city received in "Within the creek are numerous incidents Of unruly Blackledge January from the Florida Department of Natural Re- campers, intoxicants' parties - in an arm we don't reach wake laws sources. Yet the matter was brought before council with with our patrol cam" Kreuzkamp said. "We also have pursuit and police asking for $1,516 from the city's contingency fund recorded thefts of marine propertyy. It's not great in wake" zone. for the boat's special features they said they needed to number, but it does exist." The patrol the creek.. which would Palm Bay Police Chief Paul Kreuzkamp asked the Police officer John Blackledge, who has worked sion of viola city for a 17-foot Boston Whaler with an extra 150 pounds extensively with the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Injury to of fiberglass in the industrial strength bull and a 90- Commission, told council that he chocked with several boat as mud horsepower motor. area boat dealers about the size of engine that should be council. "The Officers The council decided 'that a 17 foot stock Boston used. manatees I Whaler with a 35-horsepower engine was adequate for the $#For my own prsonal safety, I'd have to reconsider dential arm departments needs. before using the 35-horsepower boat," he told the council. After th "'We're saying to you if you want us to enforce the He. mid he discovered the 35-horsepower engine was recommenda law, we need this oat," Krauskamp told the council not adequate and that a higher horsepower provided don motion Thursday night. better maneuverability. greater gas efficiency and would urgency to Brevard State news, 7-10B Section B Sunday, May 16,1982 Residents go to bat for creek go to- On a grassy hill overlooking the waters of Turkey Creek, hun- dreds of Palm Bay residents gathered Saturday to share food games and sunny weather in a celebration of their roots, perhaps some who came to what was billed as the first an nual Turkey Creek Day festival TODAY Photo 1-'," didn't know that land surrounding GOVERNOR MEETS GIRL SCOUTS AT PALM BAY YACHT CLUB the Palm Bay Yacht Club was the site of the earliest settlement Carin Hilferding is all smiles and Heather Reading appears glum of Palm Bay. But event organizers were dressed in turn-of-the-century clothes, to emphasize the fact. ."People are always talking about the future here." said Di- ane Bartle,president of the Tur- key Creek Sanctuary Committee. "we've forgotten the real roots that are here." The committee's auction and cake and pizza sales raised about, $5,000 which will be used to fence about 40 acres of Turkey Creek hammock, a remnant Of virgin, Graham: division wetland left untouched by Palm Bays burgeoning growth- "Besides raising money By DAVID BAUMAN have some that do get we wanted to make the TODAY Street Writer an interview with TOD, today aware this exists: Gov. Bob Graham says them is little, not that I;d have I'd. have that it's a beautiful area that chance Brevard County. will escape being dictator Operating in a divided in a redrawing of` Floridas.19 cow, - should be preserved said Peg divided in a redrawing of Florida's is con- one that. enough of us Zabinski, a committee volunteer. can agree represents a She said group plans, fwdval Satur Graham confirmed day inralm, MITLIM MUM ftt build. a boardwalk nature traw . special legislative esst and hopes to keep out four-wheel, strong opposinon from fuvuuty uala. Friday to deal qaqwq1usqh vehicles, gargage, and other ves - tiges of modern day civilization that are damaging the hammock. North 12qBrevard likely will become part of a Gov. Bob Graham, invited to the festival by a Palm Bay El- ementary School class that vis- ited him in Tallahassee, was impressed by what he saw. "This is a relatively new community which has found an issue that is bringing them to- gether, will help preserve the environment and make Palm Bay a betty place to live," Gra- ham said. coastal district stretching north to Jackson-, The lawqn04qw0qj6qwqs fa0qiq. during the regular qsqeqsqsq! qvi2qllqe Beach. "Ideallyq, wqaqPd like to avoid any county or C12qWt come uP 0qW2qIth qsqor qc2q1ty 20qf20qt8qm getting .sp36qK but we am 6q@o08qWg to q- this week. a federal qc impressed by what he saw. a relatively new community which has found an qrd iqm qnqa them 2qW iqsqs2q" that is brin44qo - the gqe6qd2qw, will. hqe2qlp,pre4qf4qtervq* and 8qmakqeq',40qfqal6qMq, B8qa8qy a be4qttqa8qt q.52qA00qWqSq; 28q0 8qpqv Gqr6q!qk lNeOrlandoSentiml Sundayo May 16,1982 Graham in'ca.Mpaign'fornV`_-'__ --il ration atmanatee dL eb By Mike McKee the Florida panther. On Saturday Graham ceremonially OF THE SENTINEL STAFF adopted a manatee and named It Jim- my Buffett after'the popular vocalist PALM BAY - Gov. Bob Graham who has often taken a stand on- behalt slipped in a little campaigning Satur-, of the endangered mammal. day while making an appearance at a Diane Barile, president of the Tur- celebration honoring the manatee. key Creek Sanctuary Committee, said Though the governor never men- the governor's appears- ce- encouaged tioned the re-election campaign he conservationists and environmental- faces in November. he shook hands,. ists In Brevard County who want to cracked jokes and did everything safeguard the manatee, and also are short of kissing babies as he waded fighting to preserve Turkey Creek and through the crowds attending the Tur, nearby Sykes Creek. key Creek Day celebration In Palm Profits from an auction, a bake sale Bay. just south of Melbourne. and other fund-raising efforts at Satur;. Graham arrived in Palm Bay In the day's celebration, she said, will go early afternoon afte: flying from toward buying a fence to enclose 40 Miami, wheree he attended a police acres of unspoiled wetlands on Turkey ceremony honoring officers who have Creek In the heart of Palm Bay. lost their lives in the line of duty@ He A site of anthropological interest as' was scheduled to end his day In well as environmental concern, the Daytona Beach at a celebrity roast of- area called the Hammock was threat- former House Speaker Hyatt Brown. ened with development before the The governor came to Palm Say to Florida Audubon Society and Palm keep a pledge he made to visit a group Bay stepped b2 to protect it. of sixth-graders from Palm Bay Ele. 'This is a relatively new communi- mentary School who had gone to Tal- ty," Graham said. "The fact that lahassee in April to seek his support they've been able to find an Issue that in having the manatee named the state brings the whole community together animal. The designation later went to is great:* 2p. is, t to of lkin ugh dr W got at a p1pu W co R DAVID BAUMAN his district, Sa. Clark Maxwell But i pu VAN W ,,bourne' opposes the g by support vP this P U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson, D kjoth qu claims g his political clout to. t the county. Maxwell W ts burgeoning population 'seeking co now and not pr way to,. prom our districts. bepj- "No plan will pan out of the Florida the PAM decadeWppr from pow do its c Nelson :who wFriday npmpI Senate that 't keep. d WhO the 1pes office t 11ps to announce the expansion of the A - nell Douglas Apau Old pq1pP Graham, while - Pot agree an t tpW, Cpptl I o g1pl dep"ph business leaders he will initiate court pjt T"y, indicated the, proceedings No ge, eve a to keep the pW" and , - o ad distri he s in danger of lo A# divided Bre its growing a plan that divides pO I I, by the Lepe0 calls a special Nelson said he will file his own p space and punpsy Tae latest r heavily on federal contracts - Would be '*"on next week federal court Monday go keep AMD Titusville ows in Wton for do laying i2p' v district, as it is now. : 1p'district that epi the A federal court hearing tot at &miles north to Jack- $I, the reason behind impasse that has 4 t- congressional redistricting plans is t e2pr but a city." ler redi Unless the Legallahassee Monday, with not Oy, war ban. latpve an a plan ," deadline for comments. Maxwell said he Tom Bure Area Chamber p.sident. ,pfgpUrdled with also wig file a plan. 1pa1pP Brevard the CWfandO Sentinel. Thursday. May 13,198qa The county. di Governor to hand out awards PALM BAY - Gov. Bob Graham will partid- pate Saturday In Turkey Creek Day ceremonies on the bank Of the Turkey Creek Hammock. The festivities will run from 9:30 am. to.5 p.m., centered at the old Port Malabar Yacht club on the end Of Blanca Drive, said Diane Barile, city envi. ronmental planner. Turkey Creek run through Palm Bay and feeds into the Indian River, providing a home to one of the largest concentrations of manatees In Brevard County.. Three bands will Provide music all day. the city recreation department will Provide games from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., and a wide variety of items will be auctioned from 10:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Canoe and motorboat rides also will be available. Turkey Creek Day, as proclaimed by Mayor Bill Madden, Is designed to be a day, of awareness and a fund-raiser, Barile said. ---------------------------------------- Upfront AV Turkey Creek Day in Palm Bay it's original good time for a Creek buttons. And representatives of. very original good cause. That's Turkey the Adopt-a-Manatee will be there. Creek Day in Palm Bay. Even Gov. Bob Graham Wilt be in- The purpose of Turkey Creek Day- Palm Bay to have a bit of fun... is to raise funds to build a fence around The fun begins at 10 a.m. at the. the Turkey Creek hammock. Toward that purpose. there will be Palm Bay Yacht Club and will continue an auction (one of the auctioned items all day Saturday. Gov. Graham is' Is a week's vacation at a resort in Lake- scheduled to show up around 3 p.m. t Wales), canoe and boat rides, a fair, It you have any items you'd like games, food (including beer and pizza). donate to the auction, call 725-8563 or sales of trees and "I Love Turkey 725-2130. 28 s TODAY, Weftes"y. May 1% im The Space CO'ast Graham to attend local celebration 6 Saturdays -Turkey Creek Day" festivities in Palm Bay will be highlighted by a visit from the father of Turkey Creek's first adopted manatee - Gov. Bob Graham. Graham, who in March became the first person to adopt a manatee under a new program $tarted by the Turkey Creek Sanctuary, will arrive ln'Palm Bay at 3 p.m. to take part in the Turkey Creek Day celebration, his Deputy Press Secretary Jill Chamberlain said Tuesday. Graham's visit, which will be -made during a i6*ver between Miami and Daytona Beach, is his $econd to Palm Bay this year. The govern" spoke at a local Chamber of C6mmerce dinner in Jan- _uary- -7` It was not known late Tuesday if singer-W& @Mter Jimmy Buffett. chairman of the state "Save the Manatee" committee, wmM 16in Graham in Palm Bay. Graham invited Buffett to Saturday's event at the request of six Palm Bay Elementary School .students who visited the governor in March. Turkey Creek Day, a fund-raiser sponsored by the non-profit Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee. Wscheduled to begin at 9:30 a.m. at the sanctuary, near the Palm Bay Yacht Club. The day's scheduled activities include: musical eAtertainment, an auction. a tree sale, canoe ridM nature walks, manatee adoptions and ch9dren's games. . .. Proceeds will go to the 40-acre sanctuary to provide a boardwalk swimming area, jogging trad. nature cinter, canoe launch, habitat protection and maintenance. T, A Gannett newspaper published in Melbourne, Florida' Wednesday. May 12, 1982 CO 'Or.- 4j C4qp A4 j. 06 2qJ lip 0qJ., qA4 0qZ4qt 4q@4qp .4q6 qq'2qJA 6q5qp q78qe4ql 4t 424q0 4f 4SIP qmqmes ;188qf 8qv 40q@ 4 0q1,4 lot A Y qz, A Ralph Haben, Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, has participated in Palm Bay's Adopt-A-Manatee project. Presenting him his manatee are Diane Barite, environmental consultant for Palm Bay and a group of sixth grade students from Palm Say Elementary who recently traveled to Tallahas- see. From left to right are: Jason Shortes, Amy Alagood, Jason Hart, Michael Andrew Barite, Diane Barite, Haben, Brian Sicoll, Bobby Gendron, Mary Gendron, April Lansed and Lydia Herbst. Love those manatees" By CHERYL HECKLER.. The easiest way to identify a manatee Times Staff Writer is by the scars it receives from careless With plans to increase awareness boaters who refuse to slow in areas about those lumpy, lovable sea cows that indicating manatees are around Barile meander slowly about Turkey Creek. said. Palm Bay has started an Adopt-A Mana- Manatee are also identified by the tee program. algae they accumulate or a streak of paint Governor Bob Graham adopted the they receive on their backs when rubbing first stuffed manatee earlier this month against the bottom or side of a boat. and hamed it Jimmy Buffett. Bards said that an unusually high Graham received his manatee April 2 number of Florida manatee have died from Diane Bartle, environmental consul- within the past three months though off- tant for Palm Say. Mary Gendron. and.- cials are not certain what has caused the, 7 'several of Gendron's, sixth-grade students deaths - which total 30 at Palm Bay Elementary. The adoption application asks poten- The students also presented the gov- tial owners if they understand the laws ernor a petition with 8,000 signatures protecting the manatee and if they are proclaiming the offical animal of Pahn willing to look for the animals living Bay and inviting singer, song writer Jim- within the habitats or sanctuaries near my Buffet to come to Brevard County and their homes; sing about the manatee. Potential adopters must also promise "If he came to Palm Bay, he could to look for manatees when boating and to have the. second manatee. Were hoping tell others the importance of saving the he'd name it Bob Graham," Barile said. - Florida manatee. For $25 you can adopt one of 50 The money raised from the Adopt-A- stuffed. two-foot manatees created by Manatee program goes toward improving Palm Bay resident Margery Trimmer the Turkey Creek Sanctuary with elevated which represent the cows" that In walkways, jogging and, swimming arm% habit Turkey Creek ..canoe landing site and a nature trail, During 1978 and 1979, 33- separate Adoption forms. will also be available manatee were identified in Turkey Creek, - May 15 at the Turkey Creek. SarictuarY the more than 700 were sighted to Auction at the Palm Bay Yacht Club. For that same time Barile said. more information call at 727-7100. Auction to benefit.- Palm Bay sanctua By PEG ZABINSKI Palm Bay TO AM; The time has come for our cornmujty to 7k-TlrrAs do all we can for the Turkey Creek Hammock Sanctuary. This unique area of 40 acresadia- cent to the community center in Palm Bay W is slowly being mutilated. We can no.longer gow anyone to remain ignorant of the sanctuarys existence nor of Its valuable resources, The loveliness of the sanctuary did not From I& come into being In one simple evolutional itep a ry it has existed for thousands of years V There SOty Ile southplb.ja ZPWqTmqh Bay are numerous endangered plants and q2timals, va0q4qt chapter e groups qslqw4q4qy. may living there in interlocking dependency. win me" at grow will guide the pal q7q?urkeqytours through the p qm 2qBaqy Library on It has weathered years of Mother Nqhture's Creek Sanc0qCuary in Ort Malabar qjq3IvCqL q(qbeqhnd challenges. but now is up against a foe who is the q!qfqtrqfqttqka cen obsessed with balancing life according to his 12:4q5 p.0qM ter) at Sihoes am qP Wear sturdy own desires. The thoughtless biker. the care- Ian to spend less partyqgoer, and the ind8q@2q@te shooter aboqilt tqwo qjUXL0qM will all share the guilt for the sanctuary's General Information destructqiaL WqLqU be Provided bqo tq4e ry Committee is urqke6qy Creek, 6qT q16q1e Turkey Creek Sanctua --dedicated to eliminating 2q" destrucqdoqwso-thau. Committee bqi-fore tqh qW6qW4qX q7qhe as the future becomes the present, Turkey tow is free and Cree4qiwqill remain as it has qIn the past. the Public is welcome. For more Information On 4qWy 1q5 we will be holding an auction at On the qFqIqM6q*4qW Nat,. the Palm Bay Yacht Club. All proceeds wiqlq; go Plant qS0q6qfet6qy. Ve toward maintaining the sanctuary, build2qgg a cael Rester W490qfqt at 723,4qM q9. boardwalk, nature study center and jogging TO arl6q" a trail. Anyone interested in donating iteq" or qtoqiLLr of weekday G I's call helping with the auction, plea call John aqt ov.,y 4q92qU. Rodqler at 72qS8q&98q0 or 725-2130. Join us May 1q5, Great Turkey Creek Day, and help nink Turkey Creek Sanctuary a qjqital resqoqlqme for dqUr cqoqmrq@unqity qkLstead' 0qd a useless memory. 77 JUNGLE PARK TOUR Have you seen the Palm Say jungle? There are no tigers. but the elephants cousins play there often. The Turkey Creek Sanctuary is right in the middle of the city. but as far away as a primeval forest 4 You can see manatees, alligators and otters in the water. orchids and rare plants and even violets in the woods. The Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee Invites you to visit this unique and beautiful wilderness and help to develop a park which will preserve this special place. Come to a short meeting of the committee April 12th from 12 to 1 P.M. at the Community Center on Port Malabar Boulevard. Demon- strate your support by becoming a member at $15.00 per year or send donations to the Treasurer, Peggy James, 1641 Anthony Ave., Palm Say. Tour the park with the Rorida Native Plant Society on Sunday, May 2 at I P.M.. leaving from the Palm Bay Library. If you have any questions or would like to schedule a special tour for a group or organization, please call Marci Bartlett at 725-4555. A Gannett newspaper published In Melbourne, Florida Wednesday, April 21 Column, one- We're watching The Great Turkey Creek Auction is scheduled to be held on Saturday. May 15, at the Palm Bay Club located on Blanca Drive. Iterns donated by local merchants and local residents will to auctioned from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. All businesses, clubs and residents are invited to donate items. as well as money if desired. To donate items call John Rodier at 725-8565 or 725-2130 or Peg Zabinski at 729-9008 for pick up of items. The Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee, sponsors of the auction, say there is a great need for help from the community to Preserve this ram and beautiful, but endangered. sanctuary. Funds from the auction will be used to provide a boardwalk, me swimming area, jogging trail, nature center, canoe launch and habitat protection and maintenance. a1 ce- oas 4qSr0q"ard qf board 8qWtIrqAl star, q6(qmarqd Graham first t6q6.`adop8qr8qmanate4q&-,,.,.'-, PALM SAY Gov. 0q&qb 0qGraqhqaqm4qbas. bqeoqomq4 the first person to "&qd6qW* a Palm Say manatee. accept- Ing a stuffed toy symbol presented by'sqtudents of Palm Say Elementary qS4qOooqL Eight students from Mrs. Mary 'Gendron's- sixth- grade science clan read poems and sang a manatee song to the governor Friday as part of their class qproiecqtqto increase manatee awareness. Thqe students began their project In February after the city's envqironment6qa planner, Diane qBqilriqle, told them about the friendly mammals, which are thre0q* ened with extinction. Around 30 of the animals live, in Turkey Creek. which runs through the city. '@ @ :;''-, z' City officials have adopted the manatee aa thqe offqV- ciaql city animal and. are implemeintqinqg a cityvqAde pro- grarn to urge thqi0qk protection. -"w tub. !D-. 41 IF- Alt sr.2 4b ;;:77 doll. -.--AOL p- J L u d ts pre anatee an s . I am an mos. By ELLYN FERGUS i T Besides showing Graham how much The petitions, she said, eventually Although adult e UAW the public cares about the water ma becpbject with all 1,120 much as a ton of p banks of Turkey Crook in Palm mals, the students' petitions also repeat a Palm Say Elementary School students and e a reputation as ge Media$ north to tt lm Bay request. The p school staff signing petitions. Principal giants. They feed on aquatic weeds pie who signed the petitions want singer Norma Murphy backs the drive and the face the greatest danger from boat propel Sparked by a group of Palm Bay sixth- Jimmy Buffett. cthe Florida y2p'pm ams and destruction a Save the Manatee Comm science teacher Mary Gen- to p "They're really excited. Kids do love their natural habitat. dram and environmental pane h , animals. When are presented. After the students make their pr 1pa how f1pnp to see the talk with they really do get involved," she said. t1p' the Palm Say Department otes officials Althoughlost Out to the will extend an invitation to the governor u Thw"r the. Senate Is an ) r do earl Tallahassee panther in a. bid to become Flo y in Py to' show Gov. Bob Graham pubrief In "accentuating tpi- official stpituden1pally ago. a class of G issued the 'Wort for the pation live. I think one of my parents said it will aft the praises of the manatee - invitation to Graham. He down, program. 2pn students beautifully: 1plopm t somed w of she the school you pkn1p8p* planted.." nearly over. t ; . Gass Interested in Gr t1ptpul will get a chance of a She and principal f -1pe also has a resolution tmanatees to lifetime to adopt a cuddly, stuffed toy better luck this time. show ey s more than jug complain manatee. The ade project is The students also will ask Graham n1per atz 1pqa part of Palm o get petitions to Buffett and as the official city we Graham @ in We 1po n 1pauert. mow Wednesday, March 10, 1982 The Times TODAY, Thursday, March 25, ewsma the Space Coast Tourist learn's about manatees My school is saving the manatee. Would yOu like to sign my petition?" Palm Bay wants The little girt held out a pencil and a clipboard. manatee as symbol The tourist, enjoying a cup of clam chowder at the Grant Seafood Festival, looked down at the ten- Now that the state Legislature has snubbed the Year-old girl, and said with a cold northern voice.- manatee as Florida's symbolic animal. the city c' "Whud's a man-o-teer?", Palm Bay is ready to claim the gentle mammal for its own. - The girl got her signature and a palm Bay Tonight. Palm Bay City Council members arc Elementary School project was a step closer to expected to Pass a resolution designating the Obtaining 6,000 names on its,name the manatee the official state animal- petition. manatee as the city's chosen creature. It will take, its "rightful place" alongside Palm Bay's longtime Sometime this week. the month-long effort will favorite animal, the white pelican, said Diane culminate when two of Palm Bay Elementary Barde. city environmental planner. students, Mary Gendron (the teacher whose class Council members are holding a special meet started the project), two mothers and Palm Bay ins and workshop at a pm. in City Han to consider City Planner Diane Barile go to Tallahassee. the resolution and aLw to discuss joint project, Palm Bay shares with the city of Melbourne. The r --- There, they will present the petition to the PrOjects- include Lipscomb Street --Park State Senate and House of Representatives. 4 provements and a proposed major South Brevar. Jason Hart, representing the schools studentS civic center. council, and April Lansed, sixth-grade student Tbe --too resolution demonstrates Pair president, along with the adult chaperone will be Bay 3 commitment to the preservation of tir guests of Sen. John Vogt and Rep. Marilyn Evans.. A manatee's natural herqitag" Barile said Jones. Not a school about to rest. on Its manatee, A Palm Bay Elementary's next project is focused on Jimmy Buffet. The kids would like for him to give a. benefit concert for the sea cow& Students sign for manatee By PEGGY MCLAUGHLIN PALM BAY---The plight of the gentle manatee has drawn support from a group of elementary school children planning to present legislators this week with 7,000 signatures backing the creature for state animal. On Fed. 18, sixth graders at Palm Bay Elementary School listened to city environmental planner Diane Barile tell them about the manatee, a plant-eating, underwater mamal that often falls prey to boat props. Her remarks hit home, and the students began a petition drive aimed for members of the Senate Natural Resources Committee, which is considering designating a state animal from a list that includes the alligator, the dolphin, the Key deer, the Florida panther and the manatee. The sutdents' action was more than Barile had hoped for as part of the city's program to enhance-awareness of the manatee. With a $28,000 grant from the state Department of Environmental Regulation, $7,000 from the city and $7,000 from Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, the city is implementing a model program to make residents more sensitive to the threat of extinction facing the animal. Las year more than 112 manatees were found dead in Florida waters, according to figures from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Florida's approximately 1,000 manatees have been protected since 1907 and are now covered by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 and the Florida Manatee Sanctuary Palm Bay's Turkey Creek is home to about 33 manatees, which attracted city interest in the project, Barile said. The city is serious enough to have included the manatee program in its comprehensive plan. Since the program began, a manatee watch program has started About 35 residents along Turkey Creek have organized to make daily checks of the underwater herd so they can be monitored and protected. Talks to civic, fraternal, social and school groups are part of the city's effort, and that's how the sutdents got involved, Barile said. Student representatives enlisted the aid of the city council last week, presenting a program complete with a choreographed song and dance and poems about the manatees. Mayor William Madeen signed a proclamation pledging the city's love and respect for the manatees and supporting their efforts to get the manatee designated the state animal, something Palm Bay officials believe would be a tremendous boost to awareness of the creatures. In addition, police have increased surveillance of canal areas and enforcement of ordinances protecting the manatees. The grant money will also be used to purchase a patrol boat. Two FIT graduate students also are working with the program. One is surveying manatees in and around the city while the other is investigating the feasibility of using manatees for aquatic weed control. "Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day," Barile said. "The student is looking into the possibility that we can help protect them and they can help save the citizens of Palm Bay some money." Aquatic weed control is a continuing problem in the city's canals, in areas beyond locks that are currenctly not accessible to the manatees. Barile said the students hope they can show that the manatees can help. Pupils on campaign trail for manatee A group of Palm Bay Elemetary pupils will sing the praises of the manatee before the stat Senate Natural Resources Committee today. The sixth-grader's trio to Tallahassee is part of a school project to have the manatee selected as Florida's state animal. The pupils earlier presented its city council with a petition backing protection of manatees. natee protection program. And some of the town's smaller residents have gone so far as circulating petitions asking for Buffett, who is chairman of the Florida Save the Manatee Committee, to join the'town's effort on behalf of the gentle water mammal. Sixth-graders at Palm Bay Elementary are circulating the petitions. A similar support effort reva - is making the rounds at Palm Section B Sunday, February 14, 1982 Bay High where students are asking for a Buffett visit and consideration by the Legislature of the manatee as the official Mana tee i state animal. Although the city's manatee program, is just getting under friends way. some people in the city think it would be a fitting gesture if the popular singer did a benefit concert, said Diane Barite, Palm petition Bay's emironmental planning consultant. Barite has organized a group Buffett of 25 volunteers who live along Crane Creek. Turkey. Creek and By ELLYN FEAGUSON the canals to keep daily logs of- TOOAY SteffWritw manatee sightings. The odds may be against Because of the 'IunusuaUy,------- them,' but some'Palm, Bay resi- warm!* winter. manatees already, dents want singer Jimmy Buffett have started to arrive in South to come to town and tend his Brevard. in the Crane Creek area. support to the area's model ma- she said. The mammals, which natee protection program. can reach a length of 15 feet and And some of the town's weigh a ton, face dangers from smaller residents have gone so boat propellers and lock .s and far as circulating petitions asking dams. for Buffett, who is chairman of Palm Bay's police depart- ment has put out.bids, on a patrol the Florida Save the Manatee Committee. to join the town's boat to monitor waterways and effort on behalf of the gentle guard the manatees against pos- water mammal. sible injury. Sixth-graders at Palm Bay . Barde supports the petition Elementary are circulating the drive and, she said, she doesn't petitions. A similar support effort sqe why Palm Bay cant have all is making the rounds at Palm three items. Bay High where students are Although statewide balloting asking for a Buffett Visit and for a state animal has been com- consideration by the Legislature pleted, she said the final winner of the manatee as the official - the panther - was a recom- state animal. mendation. not a binding marip- Although the city's manatee date. program is just getting under But it may be easier to per- way, some people in the city suade the state's legislators to think it would be a fitting gesture make Florida's new state animal it the popular singer did a benefit the manatee than it is to get concert, said Diane Barite. Palm' Buffett to Palm Bay. Bay's environmental planning Duane Bradford. with the consultanL ' Department of ' Natural Re- Barite has organized a group sources in Tallahassee, said Bar- of 25 volunteers who live along, ite has spoken to him about a possible Buffett appearance. Crane Creek. Turkey Creek and Bradford said Palm Bay's the canals to keep daily logs,of request will be logged with simi@- manatee sightings. tar requests from Santa Rosa Because of the "unusually County. Tampa, a consortium of warm" winter. manatees already., Jacksonville hotels. Orlando. have started to arrive in South Fort Myers and many others. Brevard in the Crane Creek area. The singer, Bradford said, is she said. The mammals. which of 15 feet and hesitant to do mamtee benefits can reach a length rd because they take a lot of time weigh a ton, face dangers from and energy. "When he does one boat propellers and locks and -a@ of those, he needs to be able to dams. draw multitudes.- Bradford sakL Palm Bay's police depart- Yet Bradford didret rule out ment has put out.bids on a patrol a match of Palm Bay and Jimmy boat to monitor waterways and' i3tiffett. AfteralL he said- one --rf th- rn-ArmrPP awtinst ocs@ THE PALM BAY ANEW A1111111111111CMIF qMq- I qM..# * 11 0qMqPqV IW--, . Am" . d0qw 0 2qAqill!11111111111q1" 6qA1111111111111V Aqdlqllllll0q@ A2qM2qW Published by Che Palm Bay Area Chamber of Commerce Vol. Xq1, No. 2 Palm Bay. Florida February 1982 DO YOU HAVE A MANATEE IN YOUR BACKYARD? The city of Palm qSaqy wants to know about it. As part of a manatee Preservation program. a survey of the citys manatee population is, being undertaken tqd determine how-- many manatees are in Turkey Creek and when they visit our shores. Residents living on the qWiqdian River. Turkey Creek. or waterfront canals are asked to volunteer to make regular observations of manatee sightings and report to the city Manning Department This project is a part of Palm Bays new Manatee Awareness and Preservation Program funded by a $28,000 grant from the qFIcrqda Department of Environmental Regulation. Manatee bumper stickers ard pamphlets are available at city hall and ttie community center. Wednesday, Febqmary 17,198q2 The Times Special programs are being planned for this summer. Those interested in serving as manatee spotters for the survey shouldcall the Palm qaay City Hall, 727-7100 Ext. 200. to leave treir name. address, and telephone number. A meeting to introduce Column four volunteers for manatee spotting will be held on February 9 at 7:30 p.m in the city hall. Go for a stroll along Turkey Creek By WEONA CL2qEVEqL0qX0qND lriwws $to## Writor The spring flowers will be in bloom, and you might even see the four-petaled paw-paw, a rare plant in this area, if you join the Florida Native Plant Society for a tour of Turkey Creek on Feb? 28 at I. p.m. "And the manatee are back in tqhe creek." added 2qDqfacie Barqille. "So it people are quiet. we qmay even see' manatee." The tour will begin at the Palm Bay Public Library. behind the Palm Bay Community Center on Port Malabar E4qioulevard. Them w0qi8qH be a charge of 6q$8q1 for adu4qlqEs and 25 cents for children. Proceeds will go to the Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee, a group working to preserve the unique area of Turkey Creek. Tours may last from an hour and a half to two hours. qLB A Y 4qFqP South Brevard's community newspaper since 1854 e % Gannett newspaper published In Melbourne, Florida Wednesday; jwmw i Manatee time in Palm Bay. By CHERYL HECKLER Florida Institue of Technology biological TWim Staff wrow sciences major, wiU determine the favorite Thanks to a $33,000 grant it received last hangouts of the animals. ? week, the city of Palm Bay - with help Another student at F.I.T., Kevin Mc.Mit- .1 from local grade schoolers. police and even len. who studies coastal zone manage ment. If singer. song-writer Jimmy Buffet - is help- will determine it manatees can be used for rl ing save the manatee. weed control within the canals. %Lwmtees I Contributing 57,000worth of work. Palm are capable of eating 100 pounds of weeds Bay received SMAD from the Florida De- daily. partment of Environmental Regulation and Palm Bay residents are inviting Flonda V.OW from Florida Institute of Technology. native Jimmy Buffet. who has been named . The grant wW be used to educate the the chairman of the Save The Manatee public about the one-ton sea cows, which Campaign by Gov. 80 Graham, to come to frequent parts of Turkey Creek and the Brevard County and sing his song about the Indian River in Palm Bay. said Diane sea cow& Barde. environmental planning consultant Local school children have also become for Palm Bay. involved in the manatees project. Students But Banle is quick to add that the at Palm Bay Elementary and Stone Middle greatest use of the grant will be combating School are circulating petitions to solicit the fearsome foe of the manatees - support for strict protection of the endan- speed boaters. gered specie. Each year careless or unaware boaters The city also encourages Palm Bay W and injure a large number of the harm- home owners who live on Turkey Creek and less hulks. which roam the water lazily and Indian River to maintain data sheets On stay dose to the surface. manatees spotted in their areas. Ninety percent of the 33 manatees living A meeting for interested participam Is In the area have deep scars from boats' scheduled for 7:3D p.m. Feb. 9 at Palm Bay propeUers. City HalL With a shallow draft boat purchased Anyone wanting to volunteer services for through the grant. Palm Bay police wiU the project can caU 727-7100 and ask for begin patrolling canals too shallow for the Diane Barde. 0 UuZer vesseLs used in the past. There are only 1,000 mmiatees left 22 Ok Also through the grant, Todd Gipe. a FlorkUL 0 The Tim 2B TODAY# -Friday, January 2% 19U The Space* Coast I 2-year-old petitions to protect manatee i After nearly a month of making the rounds for signatures in shopping centers and her neighbor- hood, 12-year-old Davie Cesare presented her "Save Our Manatees- petitions to Palm Bay's mayor and city council Thursday night. The Melbourne student told the council IS2 sig- natures she'd collected were her way of letting the city know there's support for its proposed manatee protection program. The large, slow-mov-ing mana- tees are frequently maimed or killed by boat prop& lers because boaters doift watch out for them. Her petition work. even attracted the attentioa of an OrJando television station which sent a re- porter to interview her Thursday. Mayor Bill Madden congratulated Cesare for mff-q %rA uroed her to continue her interest in 4The S TODAY, A Girl starts petition' to protect rnanate By ELLYN FERGUSON harm anybody.- TODAY 1pt Manatees, which can grow Davie Cee the manatee. long aton, live on ve And to make sure someone i such as water hyacinths. Their only ener knows the public cares about the gentle are careless and sometimes brutal human giants of Florida's canals, she's started a peti- Davie started her petition after leer t about Palm Bay's proposed manatee pm tcity expects to re -year Since Wedn bourne resident has collected 92 of her 200Wmoney this year and nature goal. wn to start the model Man. She's encouraged by the number of people preservation program. "it just kind of made me feel good I who've signed her petition. which consists of several sheets of mimeographed notebook someone wanted to help." Davie said. The signees include people In her East Brevard, Dade and Duval counties Paper Melbourne Avenue neighborhood. her moth- the list in manatee deaths In Florida. At -workers and shoppers In the Br 107 manatees died In Florida during 1 ers co mail. Over the Labor Day ho mans ' The Stone Middle School student sees the was apparently shot in Palm Day Creek area, but the body was so decompo petition as a way to educate people about the it couldn't be proved conclusive ly that slow-moving sea mammals and the danger** bullet was the cause of death. they face from motor boat propellers, locks and dams and destruction of their natural Davie, who saw her first manatee in er moving from Wisconsin, habitat. whs 21pign1pm Uncaring hs cill Palm Bay Mayor Bill M the manatees. also known as s den or Gov. Bob Graham. unnecessary, Davie said. TODAY by J. The idea, she said. is to show officials I "They are so slow and able to be seen "people are starting to care and we n LOIS BR CESORIEANATEES (and avoided), but people don't care," she their help to pass a bill to see It we can 12ted petition Saturday among shoppers at Brevard Mall said. "Theiendly. They don't something." jA TODAY. Thursday, December 31, 1981 Editorials' zwjj 0 0 i Big, ugly and lovablo, This is the time of year when Efforts to save the manatee have: Space Coast residents are able to had mixed success. In Brevard Coun- %dew one of the world's most endan- ty, signs were erected in the Indian gered species. the manatee. The River near power plants where the o ..sea cows," as they are called, are a animals like to congregate, but most familiar sight in this area. Each of the warnings were stolen. The winter the homely, ungainly animals Marine Patrol plans to install more enter Florida's shallow rivers seek- permanent ones. ing warmer temperatures and a peaceful existence until spring. . In Palm Bay there is talk of using :--I Unfortunately, what they usually manatee to control pesky water -1 encounter is far from peaceful: mo- weeds that clog the more than 150'! torboats. miles of canals in the city. The - Melbourne-Tillman Water Control Man is slowly but surely destroy- District each year spends thousands ing the manatee. Ironically, much of of dollars on chemicals to do the job the slaughter- is being conducted the manatee's powerful jaws could unintentionally: the chief instrument do for nothing. of destruction is the boat propeller. Since policing marine speed lim- There are only about 1,000 mana- its in all areas frequented by mana- tee left in this country, and Florida has most of those. Most . . . tee is difficult if not impossible, a manatee bear ugly scars cnwvlvlng large-scale effort must be undertak- aused by encounters with whirling propeller en to keep the animals in protected areas, at least for the winter. blades. In the battle between the mana- Projects such as the one pro- tee and boats, the manatee clearly is posed for Palm Bay could contribute losing. One hundred and seven of the' much toward saving a lovable spe- animals died in Florida this year. cies that is slowly but surely drifting That's 40 more than last year. toward extinction. :_ lr@ i.2p- i Palm Bay coming to creatures aid -By MIKE THOMAS T2pt Imagine a herd of sea cows Palm Bay residen- tchomping t gh 100 pounds bothersome hyacinths daily. That's one of the ky Planner Dianne rile will explore when the city receives ADD in grants next an a year. and matches the money wn to i model manatee preservation program. Ott.,- py will be put to a number of uses, Barite. said. The And it couldn't have come at a better time. 107 of the hulking sea IT it's been a bad year for manatees ac- mammals died in Florida this year, 40 more than in 19 cording to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service figures. The figures did not break down the deaths dlife officials said Brevard, Dade and Duval traditionally are the counties at the top of the list. Boats and barges caused the most unnatural manatee deaths - 21 of the slow moving creatures were killed in co . "There amore people, more boats and therefore more re co said Dave Peterson. manatee coordinator for the Fish and Wildlife Service. B urite hope to turn boaters into manatee allies. "We're getting more calls from boaters who spot injur tees which can still be saved," Peterson said. P rrant will go toward suc programs. a h Barite said. "We hope to put out a homeowners' guide to living with the p" Barite said: " they see an injured one. 'ho to call. What 1pg-tparM maybe hold programs in the city community Center.- ition, Barite wants to recruit survey g the animals and their travels. In a spot Barite report ed that one survey done two years a mer ooees visit rd A ca's estimated I every year. ne program Barile is eager to start entails using ma 0 control in the Melbourne Tillman Water tees for aquatic weed Controistrict. which maintains more than 150 spends thousands of dollars every miles of canals in the city, icals r for weed control Chem TODAY Ma tees, which grow up to 15 feet long. wen p1 SAYS ED TH 40 MORE THAN DURING 19 p1E to w n ped APPENDIX Il. Have you seen a doglike whiskered snout following small beady eyes surface briefly, then submerge. Perhaps MANATEE I LIVING WITH you have seen a strange large swirl or a rounded gray-byown back near the water's surface. The Official City Animal YOUR of Palm Bay, Florida MEET YOUR NEIGHBOR MANATEES THE FLORIDA MANATEE WE CARE! A Waterfront Homeowner's Guide For further information contact: Save the Manatee Club 1101 Audubon Way Maitland, FL 32751 Florida Dept. of Natural Resources 3900 Commonwealth Blvd. Tallahassee, FL 32301 Florida Audubon Post Office Drawer 7 Maitland, FL 32751 PHIL srP4t4rc:,N o9ez Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee P.O. Box 1209 Palm Bay, FL 32905 Manateees are huge, fifteen foot 2,000 pound City of Palm Bay 41. 175 NW Palm Bay Road mammals who inhabit coastal streams, bays, rivers and Palm Bay, FL 32905 canals close to your home. They are near you most of the year except for cooler winter months when they tend to congregate at warm springs or power plant discharge sites. Usually found in water more than 1 meter (3.3 ft.) deep, manatees migrate during the winter to seek refuge from the cold. The Florida manatee, or sea cow, is an endangered written by: Diane D. Barile mammal, entirely vegetarian, munching as much as 150 drawings by: Stanton Graphics pounds of aquatic weeds per day with its bristly split upper lip. Gentle, playful and inquisitive, manatees are air breathing, slow moving cousins of the elephant. Matilda and her friends, some as old as age 50, have This document was published by the City of Palm seen you move into your Florida home. They have seen Bay, Florida with grant funds provided by the Florida Matilda Manatus, family and friends, are shoreline, vegetation, and grassbeds disappear. They Dept. of Environmental Regulation and by the Coastal frequent visitors to your neighborhood. You may have seen your boats injure or kill their families. Many Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended and have been harassed, pelleted with stones, even hunted administered by the Office of Coastal Zone Management, not see these gentle 1000-2000 pound creatures and shot. Still they clean canals of aquatic weeds and National Atmospheric and Oceanographic along yourshoreline, underyourdock or as you are provide an invaluable community resource. Administration. boating, but they know you! GET TO KNOW MANATEES, BOATERS HOW YOU AND YOUR YOUR MANATEE AND MOTORS NEIGHBORS CAN HELP 0 How to find a manatee: 1. Maintain natural shoreline vegetation and grassbeds as Sit quietly along warm coastal waters, especially near a food source and as a protective buffer. the protected mouth of freshwater streams. You many 2. Minimize the use of seawalls, artificial revetments and see them: dredging on productive grassbeds. � eating algae from a boat bottom - 3. Keep a record of manatee sightings on a calendar or � rubbing on a dock or piling data sheet to help researchers, enforcement officers 75 and boaters in knowing when to look for the animals. Look for: -keeping is important.) (Record � a dog-like nose to appear near the surface as 4. Inform your neighbors about manatees, when they are the animal surfaces to breathe presentand how to look outfor them. Call the Planning � a large gray-brown to black back to break the Dept. for a presentation for groups, organizations and surface classes. � a broad spade shaped tail flipper descend into 5. Join manatee protection groups, like the Save the the water Manatee Club or local conservation groups like the Listen for the animal to quietly surface and breathe. Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee. Schedule your,observations for the early morning or 6. Report incidents of manatee harassment, injury, or late afternoon to dusk. death tothe City Police Departmentat 727-7100orthe Manatee Hot Line 1-800-342-1821. Manatees don't seem to be able to avoid boats. Ninety CARE AND FEEDING percent have scars from boat collisions. Boats are the major cause of manatee mortality. OF MANATEES 1. Use care in launching boats. Q Manatees have rather simple needs: 2. Use idle speed in known manatee waters. 1. Food - sea grasses from grassflats or beds - shoreline 3. Obey manatee enforcement signs. vegetation growing on stream and canal banks - floating weeds, waterhyacinth and hydrilla - overhanging branches - algae growing on boat bottoms. IDLE SPEED 2. Water - Some seem to like a supply of fresh water. A#""%, They often drink from garden hoses or boat bilges. MANATEE 3. Warmth - They move away from water below about 68' (21'c). Manatees are susceptible to pneumonia. JEA 4. Waterways - of about 3 feet to migrate to food and warmth. LAWS PROTECTING MANATEES FISHING The Marine Mammals Act and 41 Monofilament line: The Endangered Species Act: Protect manatees from harassment and killing; Use care in discarding monofilament line. Manatees as conviction can bring prison sentences of one year well as other wildlife are often injured when line wraps and/or fines of $10,000-$20,000. around flippers, fins or limbs. Florida Manatee Sanctuary Act: Protects manatees in Florida from disturbance, injury, Crabtraps: harassment, and regulates boat speed in critical Use tangle-free line, like hemp, to keep curious manatee concentration zones; like Turkey Creek, from manatees from becoming wrapped in the rope, cutting the mouth to the Melbourne Tillman Canal at Minton off circulation, causing wounds and infection. Road. ATTACHMENT III. SUMMER PROGRAM SCHEDULE ARTS & CRAFTS - will conducted Monday thru Thursday at the Communit@ Center from 9:00am to 12 noon. Doors will be closed at 9:15, so please be prompt. You be allowed to leave, but not enter. Arts & Crafts will be conducted at Roach Park Tuesday & Thursday. Ist week- "Crafts Around The World" 2nd week- "Soaring Toys" 3rd week- "Weaving & Macrame" 4th week- "Painting & Drawing" 5th week- "Painting & Felt Projects" 6th week- "Woodcraft" 7th week- "Metal,.Leather & String" 8th week- "Beads & Things" PUPPETRY every Friday from 9:00am to 12 noon at the Community Center. -lays/skit:� Learn what puppetry is, learn to be puppeteer, put on you@,p and watch other puppeteers (puppet shows). **8 week program. NATURE STUDY PROGRAM - will be conducted on Wed & Fridays from 9:00am to 11:00am at the Community Center (Room B). .***Open to all children in Palm Bay. June 23 - Introduction to Turkey Creek (Diane Barile) June 25-- Marine Fishlife (Leigh Johnson) June 30 - Reptiles (Sgt. Kotowski) July 2 - Native Plant Society (Margaret Haines) ? July 7 - Game & Fish (Dave Cox) July 9 - Manatee Movie (FPL) July 14 - Artist Marcy Bartlett (sketch the wildlife) July 16 - of July 21 Canoe Trips July 23 Canoe Trips July 28 Manatee (Diane Barile) July 30 - County Forester (Frank Kler) Aug 4 - FIT Manatee Presentation (Kirk Smith) Aug 6 - Audobon Society (Pat Rose) Aug 11 - CS Game HUNTER EDUCATION -Purpose of this course is to teach Hunter & Firearm Safety and good sportsmanship(safe hunting habits, game management & ethics). Can become certified and receive a patch. FREE program to any 10 - 15 year old (boy/girl). Course will run for 8 weeks, starting June 21st on Monday & Tuesday from 9:30am to 10:30am at the Community CenteC. 16 hour course. Minimum of 10 stu dentsl Conducted by Sgt. Kotowski CAME ACTIVITIES will be going on Monday.thru Friday from 9:00am to 4:00pm at the Community Center. At Roach Park from 9:00am to 12:00 noon. THEMES: 1st week "Friendship-Week 2nd week "Kite Week" 3rd week "Games Week" 4th week "Bike Week", 5th week "Field Trip Week" 6th week "Nature Week" 7th week -"Contest Week" 8th week -"Good-Bye Week" APPENDIX IV. of PA14?& % FLORIDA CITY OF 0 1-, A4 1E3 _,AA_'V FLORIOA 175 NW PALM SA R D. 32905 February 18, 1982 Florida Marine Patrol Mitch Needleman 4406 Sherwood Boulevard Melbourne, FL 32935 Dear Officer Needleman: The City of Palm Bay, Florida has dedicated itself to the protection of themanatees in Turkey Creek and the Indian River. The City has supported several studies of the manatee and served as a model for the development of a model local government manatee preservation program. A 1979 study reported 700 manatee sightings and identified 33 different individuals usinc, the creek that year. We are currently implementing that program under a grant from the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. The Program calls for program of public awareness and education, purchase of a shallow draft boat for increased enforcement capability, a survey of the manatee population and review of community ordinances for inclusicn of manatee protection measures. The Police Department has assigned a conserv-ation officer who, as described in the attached proposal, is to coordinate his efforts with those of the Florida Marine Patrol. Homeowners on Turkey Creek and the Indian River have volunteered to monitor manatee occurrence and distribution in the creek. At a recent meeting, several of these landowners expressed concern over boat speeds in the cree'.k and offered to support both the conservation officer and the Marine Patrol. T'ais letter is therefore, to indicate support for the designation of Turkey Creek from the mouth to the Melbourne-Tillman dam as a manatee habitat with special restric- tions for boat speeds. Earlier studies and recent observations reveal that the animals move from the creek to grass flats just to the north of Castaways Point and south of Palm Bay Point. This area should also be recognized in some way. As we discussed by telephone, twelve miles of canals in the Melbou---.ie-Tillman Water Control District have been designated for navigation access. Some 798 lots have been sold bordering the canal. While there is little traffic there now this may be an area.for consideration at a later date. Thank you very much for your efforts on behalf of the manatees in Turkey Creek. I look forward to working with you in developing an enforcement program which will ensure their continued existence and haven in Palm Bay. Sincerely, Diane D. Barile DDB:dok Project Manager Enclosure "CITY WITH A PUTURE" AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER Appendix V-A 4q0 4qtt CITY OF PALM BAY, FLORIDA NOTICE AND PROCLAMATION OF VESIGNATION OF THqE FLORIDA Mq;0q@IATEE (TRICHqI:CHUS MANATUS) AS THE OFFICIAL CITY ANIMAL OF THE CITY OF PALM SAY IT IS HERESY PROCLAIMED BY THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF PALM qHAqVA, qBRqkqVAR2qV COUNTYP FLORIDA, that: WHqkREAS, the City oqj PaqZ4qm Say p6qA'q6videqA qkeqjuge Jot thiqA endangeAed q6pqecieqA, and WHEREAS; the City oqj Patm,qBay qiqA pu0quuing an agg0quA46ive 8qpqkqogqAqa8qm to p6q4ote8qct and p6q4e,q6e0qAve tke manatee by imptementinqg qcon,q6eAvation p6qug6qu6qm at a tocaqt qgove6qAqnment tevet, and WHEREAS, .6uch pqkog6qAam qiqA eqnthuqsi4qaq6ticatty qsuppoqkted and endo0qued by the.q6qchoot qchitdqken oq6 Pat4qm Bay, aqtonqg 2qw0qa2qA othe0qA'-, qc0q46qazenq6 oq6 the City. NOW, THEREFORE, 1, Wittiam F. Madden,t Mayo,% oq6 the city oq6 Paqtm Bay, qB2q&ev4qa6q4d County# FtoqAida by qV2qiqA4qt4que oq6 the autho0qtity A oq6 .6aid-oq6q6iqce, do heAeby p8quqcqtqaqi0qm Re qFto0qxida Manatee a.6 THE OFFICIAL CITY ANIMAL'OF PALM SAY 2qi8qn 16qxeco8qgni4qUon oq6 2qZ6qU q.6igniq6icance, a8qto4qng 8qWth the White Pe2q@ican, aq.6 a q.6q6ymbot o8q6 ou6qk nat16qm4qat heAita8qge. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, theq'4qCity o4q6 Patm Bay: haq.6 4qd20q"ed to be 0qAigned and the Seat o4q6 the Ci56qtyq'to be a0q64q6ixed 44qt4qj52qU6qA T40qwe04qn8qtyq-Fi4q6th day o8q6 MaA8qch, Nineteen Hun0qc48qked Eighty-Two.. 40qWi4qt48qtiam F. Madden, M60qAVOR ATTEST: A44qZi2qce Hu0q64q624qm, CITY CLERK iAPPENDIX V-B PFC-0 MAR :2 (o' 1,',22 RESOLUTION NO. 82-12 PLANNING DEPARTMENT A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA, DESIGNATING THE FLORIDA MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS) AS THE OFFICIAL CITY ANIMAL OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY; PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the Governor of the State of Florida has recognized the contribution the manatee makes to the unique quality of life In the State of Florida by establishing the Save the Manatee Committee; and WHEREAS, the City of Palm Bay provides refuge for this dwindling, endangered species and has designated Turkey Creek as an area of critical habitat; and WHEREAS, the City of Palm Bay, assisted by a Coastal Management Grant for a manatee awareness program from the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Is pursuing an aggressive program to protect and preserve the manatee by Implementing conservation programs at a local government level; and WHEREAS, such program Is enthusiastically supported and endorsed by the school children of Palm Bay Elementary School and supported by all the children along with other citizens of our City; NOW,'THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA, as follows: Section 1. The City Council of Palm Bay hereby designates the manatee as the official animal of the City of Palm Bay, and as such to take Its rightful place with the white peiican as a symbol of the City of Palm Bay's commitment to the preservation of its natur al heritage. Section 2. This resolution shall become effective Immediately upon its adoption. That this Resolution@was duly passed and adopted at Meeting Number 82-10 of the City Council of the City of Palm Bay, Brevard County, Florida, on the 25th day of March 1982. William F. Madden, MAYOR ATTEST: Alice Huffer-, LERK C71 APPENDIX VI RESOLUTION NO. 82-11 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, FLORIDA ESTABLISHING A CRITICAL HABITAT IN TURKEY CREEK AND ESTABLISHING COORDINATION OF BOAT SPEED REGULATION ENFORCEMENT WITH THE FLORIDA DEPART- MENT OF REGULATION; PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, of the 700 to 1,000 manatees known to exist In the United States, 33 Individuals have been positively identified In Turkey Creek, and WHEREAS, the City of Palm Bay Local Government Comprehensive Plan In the Coastal Protection/Conservation Element recognizes the existence-of and the need and desire of the people of Palm Bay to protect the manatee population of Turkey Creek, and WHEREAS, Section 370.12(2), Florida Statutes, provides that It Is unlawful to kill, capture, possess, annoy,'injure, molest or torture a manatee or sea cow except that the Division of Marine Resources of the Department of Natural Resources of the State of Florida may grant a permit to capture a manatee or sea cow If such Is for a scientific or educational purpose, and WHEREAS, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. SS1531-1543, officially designates manatees as an endangered species which may become extinct unless afforded protection, and WHEREAS, the beauty of the Turkey Creek area Is an attractive wild- life habitat and popular recreational area for boating, hiking, educat'lon, and NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA, that: Section 1. The area of Turkey Creek be declared to be an area of critical habitat. Section 2. The Florida Department of Natural Resources be requested to establish special enforcement zones within the creek and with a subsequent coordination of boat speed regulation enforcement with the Palm Bay Police Department. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that this Resolution shall become effective upon Its adoption. 'low -MOLUTION NO. 82-11 Page Two That this Resolution was duly passed and adopted at Meeting Number 82-10 - of the City Council of the City of Palm Day, Brevard County, Florida, on the -25th day of March 1982. e William F. Madden, MAYOR ATTEST: Alice Huffer, CI VnK lox APPENDIX VII CITY OF PALM BAY, FLORIDA NOTICE AND PROCLAMATION OF TURKEY CREEK DAY MAY 15 1982 IT IS HEREBY PROCLAIMED BY THE MAJOR OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA, that WHEREAS, Turkey Creek forms a valuable recreational asset to the citizens of Palm Bay for boating, fishing, canoeing and swimming, and WHEREAS, Turkey Creek provides a productive natural environ- ment for a diversity of wildlife, including the white pelican and the manatee, and WHEREAS, historically the Creek formed the center of life in prehistoric times through indian cultures and later for the early development of the City, and WHEREAS, the City of Palm Bay is dedicated to the protection of the natural amenities of the Creek and its envisions as well as the enhancement of its recreational benefits. NOW, THEREFORE, I, William F. Madden, Mayor of the City of Palm Bay, Brevard County, Florida, by virtue of the authority of said office, do hereby proclaim May 15, 1988 as TURKEY CREEK DAY in recognition of its significance to the natural, recreational, and historic significance to all the people of the community. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the City of Palm Bay has caused to be signed and the Seal of the City to be affixed this Sixth day of May, Nineteen Hundred Eighty-Two. William F. Madden, MAYOR ATTEST: Alice Buffer, CITY CLERK L APPENDIX VIII AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, FLORIDA, ESTABLISHING BOAT SPEED REGULATIONS IN TURKEY CREEK AND PORTIONS OF THE MELBOURNE TILLMAN WATER CONTROL DISTRICT. WHEREAS, the 800-1000 Florida manatees are among the most endangered animals in the world and the official Florida State marine mammal, and WHEREAS, the Florida manatee Trichechus Manatus has been proclaimed the official animal of the City of Palm Bay, and WHEREAS, protection of the Florida manatee is recognized in the Local Government Comprehensive Plan of Palm Bay, and WHEREAS, the Florida manatee regularly utilizes Turkey Creek for feeding, breeding, nursing the young and protection.' and WHEREAS, the vast majority of the manatees in Florida are scarred from wounds inflicted by power boat collisions, and WHEREAS, wakes from speeding boats inflict damage to shorelines, vegetation and structures, causing erosion of banks, property damage and sedimentation, and WHEREAS, the City of Palm Bay has conducted studies of manatee occurrence in Turkey Creek and determined that manatees utilize the Indian River, Turkey Creek, its tributaries and the main canal of the Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District. NOW, THEREFORE9 BE IT ENACTED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, FLORIDA, as follows: SECTION 1. That a new section of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Palm Bay, Florida entitled "Manatee and Shoreline Protection" is hereby created, which section shall read as follows: "Section 1. Purpose and Intent: The purpose of this chapter is to establish regulations for the protection of manatees and shorelines from the hazard of boat collision and destructive wave action. The intent, in areas inhabited by manatees, is to reduce boat speeds to levels least injurious to the animals while providing navigation access to Turkey Creek. Additionally, it is the intent of this ordinance to control boat speeds to levels that will minimize impacts of boat wakes on soil erosion and wave action on the banks of Turkey Creek. Section 2. Definitions: When used in this ordinance, the following words shall.have the indicated meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 1. "Critical area" means the area of Turkey Creek to the Melbourne- Tillman Drainage District central structure MS-1 and all tributaries and channels draining into Turkey Creek including C-1 to C-37. 2. "Idle speed" means the minimum speed that will maintain the steerageway of a motorboat. 3. "Idle speed zone" means a designated area within which it has been esta-@ blished that concentrations of manatees in large numbers are known to exist and within which all motorboat operators shall exercise a high degree of care for manatee presence, and shall not, unless authorized by a valid federal or state permit, either intentionally or negligently annoy, molest, harass, disturb, collide with, injure or harm manatees and shall proceed at the minimum speed that will maintain safe steerageway. 4. "Manatee" means Trichechus Manatus, West Indian manatee or sea cow. Section 3. Exceptions: The terms and provisions herein shall apply to all waterways within the reaches of Turkey Creek from a line from the end of Palm Bay Point to the U.S. Geodetic Survey marker on Castaway's Point to the juncture of the Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District Canal C-1 and C-37 with the exception of: a. Boats of authorized enforcement agencies as the Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marine Patrol and the Palm Bay Police Department. b. Rescue and emergency vessels, i.e.: U.S. Coast Guard, Power Squadron when responding to emergencies. Section 4. Penalty: a) With the exception of those instances listed in Section 3, it shall be unlawful for any person at any time, by any means, or in any manner, to either intentionally or negligently, annoy, molest, harass, or disturb any manatee or to injure., harm or attempt to injure or harm any manatee. Any person violating this provision shall be guilty of a misdeameanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in section 775.082, section 775.083 or section 775.084 F.S. b) Any person violating or otherwise failing to comply with the rules herein promulgated relating to boat speeds and operation shall be guilty of a misdeameanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in section 775.082 or section 775.083 F.S." SECTION 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately upon its passage. READ IN FULL at Meeting Number held on and read in title at Meeting Number held on 1982. William F. Madden, MAYOR ATTEST: Alice Huffer, CITY CLERK RESOLUTION NO 82- A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, FLORIDA ESTABLISHING ELIGIBILITY FOR PARTICIPATION IN FLORIDA RECREATION DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. AS ADMINISTERED BY THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, REQUESTING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE UNDER THE PROGRAM, AND TO BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE FLORIDA RECREATION DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM; PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the Turkey Creek Nature Sanctuary and Community Center sites have unique historic, educational, recreational and environmental assets and offer habitat for rare and endangered plants and animals which need to be protected and preserved for the present and future enjoyment of the people of Palm Bay and Brevard County, and WHEREAS, the City of Palm Bay's adopted Comprehensive Plan has indentified the need for additional park sites and recreational opportunities for all of our citizens, and WHEREAS, the City of Palm Bay's adopted Comprehensive Plan Recreation and Open Space element, policy 3-B6, specifically states that-the City should coordinate the use and development of the Community Center site with the abutting property of the Audubon Society. WHEREAS, the Community Center and Audubon Society sites have and should continue to be an attractive center of recreation for the people of Palm Bay and Brevard County, and WHEREAS, the City of Palm Baybecame incorporated on January 16, 1960, as a city under the authority of the laws of Florida Chapter 61-2629. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALM BAY, BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA, that: Section 1. The City Council is hereby indicating its intent to participate in the Florida Recreation Development Assistance Grant Program. Section 2. The City Council is hereby requesting financial assistance from the Florida Department of Natural Resources through the Florida Recreation Development Assistance Program for funds to make improvements to the Turkey Creek Sanctuary. Section 3. The City Council is willing to cooperate with the Florida Department of Natural Resources in matters relating to the City's Application, including operation and maintenance of the-facility in accordance with grant criteria. Section 4. The City Council will assist and support-the State of Florida in maintaining its eligibility for program participation. Section 5. Mrs. Diane Barile, employed by the City as an Environmental Planning Consultant, at the address of 175 NW Palm Bay Road, Palm Bay,'Florida, is designated to serve as the liaison agent for matters. pertaining to the grant application. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that this Resolution shall become effective upon its adoption. That this Resolution was duly passed and adopted at Meeting Number of the City Council of the City of Palm Bay, Brevard County, Florida on the day of -1982. William F. Madden MAYOR ATTEST: Alice Huffer, CITY CL-ERK SURVEY OF MANATEE IN TURKEY CREEK by Todd Gipe 11 INTRODUCTION The Florida manatee or sea cow Trichechus manatus is an aquatic mammal of the order Sirenia. The manatees and other Sirenians are unique in that they are the only herbivorous mammals adapted to an entirely aquatic existence. There- fore, the manatees occupy a unique niche in the ecology of Florida's coastal and adjoining inland waters. Manatee populations have been reduced to between 800 and 1,000 individuals (Campbell and Powell, 1976; Hartman, 1974) by past exploitation for meat and oil and continual man-related injury or habitat loss. Consequently, Trichechus manatus has been declared a federally endangered species by the United States Department of Interior and is protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, and the Florida Manatee Sanctuary Act of 1979. Beyond the protection provided by these federal and state laws, local governments can also assume an important role in manatee preservation. A model local government-manatee preservation program7has-,been-formulated (Barile, Ostergaard-,- and Tiedemann, 1980) to determine the appropriate steps to be taken. An integral part of this plan is a survey of the local manatee population to determine the characteristics and extent of utilization of the habitat by the manatees. The results of the survey can then be used by the local government to help educate the public, to formulate regulations and city ordinances, and to improve enforce- ment of legislation. This survey of the manatees of Turkey Creek is part of the city of Palm Bay's efforts to implement the local government manatee preser- vation program. A significant portion of Florida's manatee population inhabits or passes through Brevard County waters. Hartman (1974) reports that the area may contain the largest residual population of manatees in Florida. Aerial census (Irvine and Campbell, 1978; Leatherwood, 1979) have documented their presence in Brevard County waters, including the Indian River adjacent to Palm Bay. Herds of manatees in Turkey Creek have been reported as early as the sixties (Layne, 1965). Tiedemann (1979) has established that the manatees utilized Turkey Creek from March through December. Turkey Creek lies in southern Brevard County between latitudes 280 0.8'and 286 2.3' N and longitudes 800 34.7' and 800'36.3' W. In 1924, the outlet canal of the Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District was connected to the creek (see Figure 1). The 200 mile system of canals is now the major input into the creek (Barile, 1976). The creek empties into the Indian River after widening into a small bay. A standard biological survey of the manatees extended the entire length of the creek and also included observation sites on the main Melbourne- Tillman Water Control Canal C-1 and on the west bank of the Indian River near the mouth of Turkey Creek. A supplementary survey was performed by volunteer observers located along the creek, river, and drainage canals at various locations as indicated in Figure 1. FIGURE Vap of Study Area'and Observation Sites 0 Cd > @4 Cd A (D U) > @4 A @-4 @4 @4 as Cd :5 U) 4-j U) @4 'V- E a) a) 10 @:s 0 Z 0 @4 't Q) cd 0 r--4 Ic U), a) Q) a) ;a4 F= P4 Cd -P 0 0 0 :5 +j, .14 In TD X METHODS Two surveys were undertaken in order to determine manatee abundance, distri- bution, and utilization of Turkey Creek, the adjoining canals, and the Indian River adjacent to the city of Palm Bay. A standard biological survey was undertaken. A supplementary survey was performed by a group of waterfront homeowners who volunteered to observe and record the occurrence and activity of manatees seen from their property. Standard Survey Ten observation sites were selected on the basis of accessibility and vantage in order to provide a set of locations dispersed throughout the study area. The sites, as shown in Figure 1,are: (a) the Napoli Restaurant patio; (b) the docks of Castaway Point; (c) the U.S. Highway 1 Turkey Creek overpass, both upstream and downstream sides; (d) the Pelican Harbor Marina docks and the seawall to its west; (e) the Florida East Coast Railroad trestle; (f) the Bethesda Retirement Home dock; (g) the seawall off of East Citrus Court; (h) the Plort Malabar Boulevard overpass; (i) two sites in-the Turkey Creek--- Nature Sanctuary, i.e. the "swimming hole," and the sand bluff area; and (j) the Babcock Street Bridge. In most cases a survey consisted of visiting all the sites. Site (b) was omitted after a few weeks of observation. Because of the location of the two overpasses on the creek, surveys were generally begun at site (g) and visited in a clockwise direction around the creek ending at site (j) (see Figure 1), or begun at site (j) and visited in a counter-clockwise direction ending with site (g). Beginning on May 29th, some surveys consisted of visiting only one or a few sites for an extended period of time. Surveys were conducted a mode of four days per week and occasionally five or six. Starting times for the survey were distributed throughout the day- light hours to aid in detection of any temporal patterns. Formal surveys began on January 20, 1982 and continued through September 4, 1982. Upon arrival to any survey site, the time and location were recorded. If manatees were not readily evident, the area was slowly scanned from side to side. Indications of a manatee, such as a swirling surface boil or a glimpse of a possible snoutwere checked with binoculars. If no manatees were seen, the site was scanned.for a minimum of 15 minutes. If manatees were sighted, they were observed until an accurate determination of the number of animals present and their activity were assessed, always for a minimum of 15 minutes. Field notes included: the number of manatees present, an estimation of their size when possible, description of individuals and their behavior, and identification of the animals when possible. Behaviors recorded include: Cruising - an extended period of swimming Resting (surface or bottom) - remaining motionless on bottom or surface except to breathe Feeding Body Contact Drinking Mating Playing - animals rolling over one another, chasing, or engaging in a follow-the-leader game with rapid movement and frequent body contact Identification was made when distinguishing characteristics such as color, algae, scars, barnacles, skin blemisheg, and fluke notches were evident. Characteristics of identified animals were sketched on a separate identifi- cation sheet (See Appendix A) which includes a description, composite drawing, and date and location of the initial sighting and subsequent resightings. This aids in'determining the number of identifiable manatees which frequent the creek and their length of habitation. In addition, other information such as changes in water clarity or level, changes in 'vegetation, boat activity, and sightings of other animals were recorded when deemed to be pertinent. Field notes were transcribed into tabular form as to sightings made and behaviors. The sightings are compiled in Appendix B and include the date of each survey, location of manatees sighted, the number seen and time of observation, as well as the number seen per survey for each week's data. Behavioral data from manatees sighted werecompiled by zone for each week's data. Data are tabulated in Appendix C and includes the total number of manatees sighted per week and how many of those sighted engaged in each of the behavioral classes considered. Frequency of each behavior per zone was calculated and presented in Table 1. Supplementary Survey Volunteer spotters were solicited by advertising in the local newspapers and by distributing flyers to the houses along the creek and river. These volunteers were invited to attend a meeting to educate and instruct them on manatees and procedure for recording data. Appendix A contains the instruction sheet, and sample data and identification sheets which were distributed to the volunteers. The volunteers were urged to make at least one observation per day, as their schedule allowed. They were instructed to observe a minimum of 15 minutes per survey. Each volunteer observed the creek, river, or canal area adjacent to his/her property, often from an excellent vantage point. The field notes were recorded on special data sheets (See Appendix A for a sample) and included the same information as on the standard survey. Observations began in early February and were to continue until the supposed cold-induced absence of manatees in the winter of 1982-83. ZONE TOTAL NO-@ CRUISING FEEDING RESTING MATING DRINKING PLAY 61"liTED % -- 0 -3- -, -9 77 No. % Wo 17o 7. 3r Mo - T -N 0- 3 1 1 29 .8.2 29 100 3 10.3 0 0 0 0 0 2 277 78.2 88 31.8 19 6.9 1@6 455 59 21.3 2 0.7 25 3 136_10.2 27 75-0 1 2.8 6,* 16.7 4 11.1 0 0 2 4 4 1.1 4 loo 1 25-0 0, 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 0-9 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 15 .4 3 60.0 1 20.0 1 20.0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 354 loo 154 43.5 25 7.1 133 37.6 63 17.8 2 o.6 30 Although 38 waterfront homeowners volunteered for this supplementary survey, only 15 consistently observed and reported their data. The creek was arbitrarily divided into six zones to aid in data analysis. There were six volunteer spotters in Zone 1, none in Zone 2, one in Zone 3, four in Zone 4, tvro in Zone 5, and two in Zone 6 as indicated in Figure 1. The number of manatees sighted per each zone by the volunteers was compiled and is presented in Table 2 and Figure 5. Behavioral data was treated informally and general patterns, if any, were determined directly from the field data sheets and personal correspondence with the volunteers. All manatee sightings from both surveys were pooled in order to analyze where manatees were located with respect to time of day. These data are plotted in Figure 7. Data was analyzed and interpreted at face value since.statistical tests may have shown where significant differences occurred but not which of the variables was responsible for the differences. Further, the emphasis of this study is not on determining why significant differences in numbers exist, but merely docu- menting numbers of manatees present at certain locations in order to make preservation recommendations. RESULTS Standard Survey During the 228 days which the study spanned, 141 survey days were logged. The distribution of starting times for the surveys is presented in Figure 8. Forty- five percent of the surveys were begun during the morning and 55 percent were begun during the afternoon hours. A total of 354 sightings was made during the study: 29 in Zone 1; 277 in Zone 2; 36 in Zone 3; 4 in Zone 4; 3 in Zone 5; 5 in Zone 6. Figure 2 shows the average number of manatees seen per survey for each week. This gives us an indication of how the number of manatees utilizing any portion of the study area changes with the seasons. Once the .y returned in January, the manatees utilized the area throughout the remainder of the study period although number present seemed to decrease toward the end of the summer. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate how the number of manatees observed in each zone changed over the course of the study. It is evident that far more manatees (78.2) were sighted in Zone 2 than the,other areas. Further, Zones 4. 5, and 6 contained fewer sightings than the areas more toward the creek's mouth (Zones 1, 2, and 3). A total of 41 manatees (12%) were identified including a composite drawing and description of each (See Appendix D). Six animals were resighted: four were resighted once, one was resighted twice, and another was resighted on four separate occasions. Using these resightings, the longest documented period of residence by a manatee was 30 days. Results of behavioral data are presented in Table 1. The most common behavior was cruising, which was shown in 43.5% of all observed manatees. All manatees observed in Zones 1. 4, and 5 were cruising for at least a portion of the observation period. Thirty-seven and six tenth percent (37.6%) of all manatees sighted were resting - 73% of those resting were resting on the bottom and 27% were at the surface; 17.8% of all TABLE 2 The following depicts the number of manatees sighted by the volunteer observers per zone each week (no volunteers in Zone 2): WEEK ZONE 1 ZONE ZONE 4 ZONE 5 ZONE 6 1/24-1/30 0 0 0 0 0 1/31-2/6 1 0 0 0 0 2/7-2/13 2 0 5 0 0 2/14-2/20 1 0 1 0 0 2/21-2/27 2 0 0 0 0 2/28-3/6 12 0 7 0 0 3/7-3/13 10 0 1 0 0 3/14-3/20 9 0 7 0 0 3/21-3/27 3 0 2 0 0 3/28-4/3 8 0 9. 0 0 4/4-4/10 22 0 7 0 0 4/11-4/17 7 1 7 0 2 4/18-4/24 8 2 9 0 1 4/25-5/1 20 0 6 0 8 5/2-5/8 5 0 6 0 0 5/9-5/15 7 0 7 0 0 5/16-5/22 29 6 0 0 0 5/23-5/29 9 6 0 0 3 5/30-'6/5 37 3 0 0 5 6/6-6/12 19 1 12 0 4 6/13-6/19 20 0 1 0 0 6/20-6/26 24 9 0 0 0 6/27-7/3 12 2 0 3 0 7/4-7/10 12 0 9 0 2 7/11-7/17 6 1 0 8 2 7/18-7/24 6 0 2 0 5 7/25-7/31 0 0 0 3 7 8/1-8/7 3 0 2 0 2 8/8-8/14 2 0 0 1 2 TABLE 2 (Cont'd) WEEK ZONE 1 ZONE 3 ZONE 4 ZONE 5 ZONE 6 8/15-8/21 1 0 0 0 0 8/22-8/28 5 -0 2 0 0 8/29-9/4 0 0 0 0 1 9/5-9/11 0 0 .1 0 0 8.0- C+ 0 :Y c:f C! (D M W (D tI.1 N) m I 6 C, C+ c< c-- CD > 04 1a) @D M, U) (D 0i ro LV C/) p m o 0 CD 3-0- o W C+ (D 2.o- ar. e July Aug. S' p . Tan Feb A i)r ay un WEEKS P) Zone 1 M C+ -Zone 2 cn 0 C+ CL P) CL ti z C+ 4`5 EA c 0 C+ z @$ 0 CC CD c+ 2 03 C) z C), m EA 9) 0 :j Or - A@ M r Apr. May an Feb. a June July Aug Sep. WEEK P) C@ C+ (D Zone 4 Zone 5 0 C+ cr 0 ....... Zone 6 :3 U) r- CD CD z 0 (D b'd 0 C+ 0 0 C+ E-4 ::1 0 (D c+ 49 z P. 0 0 Y ------------ 0 - 3v-,- June July Aug. S P. an Feb. mar. Apr. May e WEEKS 1@3 5 Zone 1 Zone,3--- 0 0 E9 m P C+ 0 Fa 22(@25 m El C+ w 0 tri 5 C+ 00 En C+ 0 C+ 010 Q 5- "T" "I Jan. Feb. Mare Apr. May June july Aug . Sep. 1 1 1 @EEKS I I. I Zone 4 Zone 5 ct Zone' 6 --------- C+ 0 0 C+ C 0 610 C+ 0 %-A C-t- til C@ 0 r----r 7-11 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aua. Sep. WEEKS FIGURE 7- Plots of total number of manatees sighted within each zone as related to time of day (indicated by hour -intervals, i.e. 6soo - 6859, 7100 - 7859, etc.) TOTAL NO. MANATEES SIGHTED IN-BOTH SURVEYS I- N) N 11@ k_j @_A i@ G% @,A 0 k.A .0 @.p 0 %A p %@A 0 kn 0 @A t LLI t I pI I OD 0 OD 0 0 @s t (D M (D \0 4r 0\ FIGURE 8- Histogram of hours in which the standard surveys were begun '55 0 6 7 8- 9- lo 11 12 1 2 3 4. 5,,, A. V1. p IV Hour in which survey was begun 14; manato-es observed were engaged in mating behavior. Most of the mating (94%) occurred in Zone 2, the rest in Zone 3. Playing was exhibited by 8.5% of all animals observed. Feeding was observed even less often, occurring in only 7.1% of the observations of manatees. Food items listed in order from those eaten most to least often were: Typha, overhanging grass, boat algae, Hydrilla and Eichornia, and Potamogeton. Drinking was observed only twice during the study, both times occurring at a garden hose hanging off of a Pelican Harbor Marina dock (Zone 2). Supplementary Survey A total of 490 sightings were made: 307 in Zone 1, (no volunteers in Zone 2), 31 in Zone 3. 93 in Zone 4. 15 in Zone 5, and 44 in Zone 6. The relationships between the number of manatees observed in each zone and the time of year are plotted in Figures 5 and 6. Manatees were seen in Zones 1 and 4 throughout the study period. Manatees were not sighted in Zone 5 until July. Zone I had the greatest number of manatees ovserved and was associated with the highest number of observers per zone. Zone 4 had the next greatest number of manatees sighted by the second highest number of volunteers. The remaining zones had only one or two volunteer observers each. Identification of 13 manatees was achieved but no resightings were reported. From the behaviors recorded, a bridf characterization was made for each zone. In Zone 1 the vast majority of manatees were seen cruising north in the Indian River heading up Turkey Creek toward the U.S. 1 bridge from 6:00 to 12:00 a.m. In the late afternoon to evening, they are generally heading out of Turkey Creek and south in the Indian River. They were generally seen cruising, only occasionally playing, feeding, or resting. When traveling in the river, they cruised anywhere from along the shore to near the channel. Violating this general pattern, there may have been a few manatees, at any given time, which were moving opposite the general direction of travel. In Zone 3 manatees were observed feeding on Eich ornia or Typha along the observer's dock and also mating, playing, or cruising either up or downstream. In Zone 4 the majority were seen traveling downstream in the morning from 6:30 to 9:45 a.m. It should be noted that all of those seen traveling down- stream did so in that morning time range. Seventy-one percent (71%) of those observed cruising upstream did so in the evening and 29% in the morning. The general activity was cruising, although a few played o-i fed. In Zone 5, 15 sightings were made for the entire study period.- There was a lack of volunteers in this area. A calf which was the victim of a perinatal death was found in the Uadillac Waterway (a residential candl). Eight other sightings of manatees feeding in this same canal were made. The final observation in this zone consisted of a group of six manatees traveling downstream in the morning. In Zone 6. manatees were usually seen feeding near the lock gate and fender on plants that had been flushed from the lock. On two separate occasions, a pair of manatees were seen inside the lock itself, once when the lower gate was still open and once after it had been closed. Several manatees were known to have passed to the west of the lock and dam presumably by swimming under raised radial floodgates. They were observed on the west side twice by the locktender and once by a homeowner living along the canal 2.75 miles from the lock and dam. All manatee sightings.from both the standard and supplementary surveys were combined in order to uncover any daily patterns of distribution in terms of both location and numbers present in a given area at a given time of day. These data are presented in Table 3 and plotted in Figure 7. Manatees sighted in Zones 3, 5 and 6 were spread fairly evenly throughout the daylight hours. The two major peaks in the plot for Zone 1 occur in the morning and evening hours as do the peaks for Zone 4. Zone 2 shows a peak occurrence of sightings in the late afternoon with two subpeaks earlier in the day. Plots for Zones 1, 2 and 4 are skewed enough to suggest that daily patterns may be present. DISCUSSION In performing the standard survey, several factors led to reduced effectiveness of observation. Site B, located just north of the mouth of Turkey Creek, was omitted after February 16, 1982. It was a poor vantage point, only slightly above the water level. Thus, even a mild wind would greatly reduce ob-ser- vational ability. The water near Site B was also quite shallow and therefore any manatees sighted would have to be seen over a fair distance. Site A, located south of the creek's mouth on the west bank of the Indian River, was elevated well above water level but was less than ideal because it is far from the water. Again, the water near the shore below Site A was too shallow (one foot) for regular manatee use, resulting in the need to scan an even greater distance for manatees. It is believed that these factors were the reason that no manatees were sighted from this point, since volunteer observers who live along the river have consistently documented manatee presence in this area. Permission to use the docks of Pelican Harbor Marina (Site D, Zone 2) was denied one month after observations began. Manatees frequent this area and deletion of this site had an adverse impact on survey results. A previous study in Turkey Creek (Tiedemann, 1979) showed that manatees were found at the Pelican Harbor Marina docks more often than any other ob-servation site. Out of the 45 animals that Tiedemann identified, 88.9% were first sighted at the marina docks. Furthermore, 97.4% (112/115) of the resightings of those identified manatees occurred at this site. In the present study, manatees were seen in 12 out of the 14 surveys in which we could utilize the docks as an observation site. It is obvious that an important segment of data was forfeited by the loss of this area as an observation site. The seawall directly west of the docks was introduced to replace the loss of Site D, but it did not afford the access and flexibility of movement that the docks offered. The suppl&mentary survey which was executed by the volunteers was useful for providing additional data from locations where the standard survey was not possible. In Zones 3, 5 and 6 the data must be looked at as additional sightings only, because the number of volunteers and frequency of their observations was not adequate to make valid conclusions on utilization patterns. However in Zones I and 4, there were several observers who regularly observed manatees and consistently reported their findings. These data were sufficiently systematic to allow their use in further analysis. TABLE 3 Daily Distribution Analysis Data from both the standard and supplementary surveys are combined and number of manatees sighted in each zone during the daylight hours are presented. TIME OF DAY (hours) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9_ ZONE I Supplementary 20 69 34 17 19 9 11 8 7 5 18 33 29 24 7 2 Standard 0 3 9 0 0 2 3 1 6 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 Total 20 72 43 17 19 11 14 9 13 6 18 37 29 24 7 2 ZONE 2 Supplementary 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Standard 0 21 17 1 11 23 24 9 61 44 32 29 6 0 0 .0 Total 0 21 17 1 11 23 24 9 61 44 32 29 6 0 0 0 ZONE 3 Supplementary 0 1 9 3 4 2 3 1 4 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 Standard 0 4 5 0 1 2 1 7 3 0 6 6 1 0 0 0 Total 0 5 14 3 5 4 4 8 7 0 6 7 1 3 0 0 ZONE 4 Supplementary 14 34' 7 4 2 8 0 0 1 1 0 2 14 9 3 0 Standard 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 16 36 7 4 2 8 0 0 1 1 0 2 14 9 3 0 ZONE 5 Supplementary 0 0, 0 2 6 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Standard 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 Total 2 1 0 2 7 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 ZONE 6 Supplementary 0 8 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 Standard 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 Total 2 8 2 4 5 5 4 3 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 Although there have been isolated reports in the past of manatee sightings in the coldest months, this study discovered an absence of manatees during most of January. The first sighting was on January 30th. It should be noted that this manatee was resting in the effluent of a warm s@ring entering the creek from Bethesda Retirement Home. Tiedemann (1979) found that there was a cold-induced absence of manatees throughout January and February, the first sighting being made in early March. The winter in which the present study began was relatively mild compared to the winter of '78-79 in which Tiedemann's study occurred. Thus, the dissemination of manatees in the Brevard County waters from the warm water refugia may very well be directly related to water tempera- ture. These results suggest that movement away from the refugia is triggered by thermal and not seasonal or time related stimuli. Other than cold-induced aggregations at warm water refugia, little is known about seasonal patterns of travel or habitat usage by the manatees. Manatees utilized Turkey Creek throughout the year. As seen in Figures 2 through 6, there is much deviation in the number of manatees observed as it changed with time, in this case represented by weeks. However, there is so much fluctuation that it appears there is no-clear-cut-pattern. Stil-l-;-we-may-make-,-a-few---- assumptions based on the data. It is clearly evident that more manatees were observed in Zones I and 2 than in the areas further upstream. However, many animals were observed regularly in Zones 4 and 6. There are indications of daily movement of the manatees in this area which are not readily subject to observation. Therefore, it may be that the manatees utilized the creek equally throughout the year and simply were not observed because of the limitations of the experimental design. It is also possible that utilizaiton of the creek shifts slightly with the season. The beginning of the decrease in numbers observed in the standard survey in Zone 2 coincides with a general increase in the number observed by volunteers in Zone 1. It may be that the manatees utilized the waters of the Indian River with its nearby grass flats more often as the summer progressed. Perhaps a change in vegetation or a change in temperature is responsible for this shift. There is evidence that the manatees in Palm Bay exhibit a daily pattern in utilization of the creek and river. The standard survey covered only a small portion of Zone 1 just east of the U.S. I overpass. Volunteer observers along the bay and river were relied upon to complete the coverage of this area. As seen in Figure 7,the graph of daily occurrence for Zone I and 4, -show peak numbers at two different times of day - in the early morning and in the evening hours. In addition, direction of travel was almost always in one direction for a given peak time. Manatees sighted in Zone I were observed to be heading out towards the river and'southward along the west bank in the evening and north- ward and upstream in Zone 1 in the morning. Conversely, manatees sighted in Zone 4 were seen traveling upstream in the evening and downstream in the morning. This directional factor coupled with the time factor seems to indicate that they are diverging from Zone 2 in the evening and traveling upstream or downstream and, in the morning, the manatees are returning to Zone 2. As Figure 7 illustrates, more manatees were observed in Zone 2 in the late afternoon than at other times. Hartman (1974) has indicated that the manatees in Crystal River often went on "exploratory sorties" leaving established areas but exhibiting no daily rhythm. Our.study also supports the occurrence of these exploratory sorties, but it appears they occur rhythmically. The difference may be that Hartman studied individuals restricted to a certain area because of cold weather. Our study was conducted during warm weather and thus usage of all available aquatic habitat was not restricted by cold water. Some researchers have found that manatees may utilize an area for extended periods of time. This is confirmed by resightings of identified individuals. Resightings were hindered in this study as described earlier but, nonetheless, the longest period of residence in the creek was at least 30 days. Tiedemann documented continual residence by a manatee for six months and also observed two manatees that left the creek in the winter only to return in the spring. Thus, it appears that at least some of the manatees utilize Turkey Creek for extended periods of time. Different portions of the creek and river appear to be used in different ways. The volunteers observed that manatees travel south in the Indian River. There are extensive grass flats nearby and occasional observations of manatees feeding here suggest that the trips to the river in the evenings may be food related. In agreement with Tiedemann's data (1979), the remainder of Zone 1, i.e. the bay, was generally used in traveling to or from the river. All animals seen in this area were cruising to another location and about 10% played or fed. Zone 2 seems to be the most important and most heavily used area. Seventy- eight percent (78%) of all manatees observed in the standard survey were sighted in this zone. The importance as a manatee habitat is evident - this was the zone most often used for mating, resting, and feeding. It is a wide section of the creek and the water is slow moving. There are two marinas which offer escape from the main boat channel, as well as small areas for. resting between boats. The boat slips and adjacent cove were the prime areas for resting manatees. Mating occurred between the docks of Pelican Harbor Marina and in the areas to the south and to the west of those docks. Feeding occurred mostly when plant material was concentrated into this area by wind transport. Zone 2 is important as manatee habitat because of the activities that occur there and because of the sheer numbers utilizing the area. Zone 3 was the area in which 10% of all manatee sightings were made. A few matings occurred there as well. Zones 3, 4, and 5 were generally used to pass to other areas, although they occasionally rested or fed there. Zone 6 was utilized for feeding. Manatees fed on submerged plants and plants flushed from the Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District lock and dam. This area is of great concern because the manatees have been seen in the lock twice, fortunately escaping injury both times. In addition, they have*Passed through the raised floodgates into the drainage canal system. There is ample food present, but it is possible that they have become confined there and may be killed by low water temperatures of winter. The mechanism of this lock and dam system should be reviewed seriously and protection for the manatees should be provided. Interactions between manatees and boats were observed several times. Generally, the manatees submerged upon approach of a boat. However, on several occasions the manatees appeared to become disoriented and exhibited erratic behavior. In one example, two small motorboats passed by two manatees one on each side. One of the manatees submerged and the other began swimming rapidly toward one boat, then the other. In a second example, a small motorboat was approaching two manatees at a slow speed. They had ample time to swim out of the way but simply moved about erratically in the boat's path. One of the mahatees was struck by the boat. Attempts to locate the manatees after the collision were futile. It was assumed that they fled rapidly. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (1) Manatees in Turkey Creek, if absent, are only absent for a short period. Due to the fluctuating dates of return noticed in two separate studies, regulations should be established as though the manatees are present year-round. (2) Manatees have been observed frequently throughout Turkey'Creek and the adjacent Indian River. Signs should be posted and speed regulations should be established to entail the entire area. (3) Areas of special concern, because of numbers of manatees sighted and boat traffic, are the Yacht Club eastward to the mouth of Turkey Creek and the adjacent Indian River as far as the west side of the boat channel. These areas should be most frequently patrolled by enforcement officers. (4) Manatees are moving in the creek and river most often during the morning and evening. They are most likely to be in or near the boat channel and sustain injury at these times. Patrolling of the area should be scheduled to include these times. (5) Manatees congregate in Zone 2, especially in the Pelican Harbor Marina area. Boat owners should be educated and encouraged to use caution in operation of their boats. Marina personnel should be supplied with the Manatee Information Center hotline number (1-800-342-1821) in case of death, harassment, or injury of a manatee. (6) The Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District, until this study, was unaware that manatee had entered its system and therefore had no procedures for manatee protection. It is recommended that the district continue to monitor manatee occurrence in the canals and establish procedures for manatee protection related to the lock and dam structure. (7) Suggestions for Future Surveys: Weekly aerial surveys (by plane) Use two or more observers Use a more systematic observation schedule Continue volunteer spotter program APPENDIX A: Instructions given to volunteers for the supplementary survey - includes sample data sheet and sample identification sheet 7 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING MANATEE DATA SHEET Where to observe Select an easily accessible location where you can see a large portion of the creek or river. Some altitude is helpful. If you have polaroid sunglasses you can see under the water easier. How to observe We urge you to make at least one observation every day. If you can observe more often, we will be glad for your contribution. Those with flexible schedules should try to vary their observation times as much as possible. Those having tight schedules should make their observations whenever possible, even if it falls on the same time every day. How to record observations Each data sheet covers a period of one week, it contains seven identical blocks. Use one for each day. Be sure. to--record- the datei,-- --If you sight- any-- manatee, then fill in all the information requested. If you looked and did not see any manatees, we need to know - this is as important as spotting them. If you make observations more than once a day, note the times. Use the back of the sheet for extra information. If no manatees are observed, write "NONE SEEN" in the remaining space. If for some reason you do not have a chance to look on a certain day, then fill in the date and write "DID NOT LOOK" in the remaining space. Instructions for each category Date: Write the three-letter abbreviation for the month followed by the number of the day - e.g.: Feb. 21. Time: Record each time you see a manatee and be sure to include whether A.M.. or P.M. Number: To determine number, count heads or noses as the animals surface to breathe. Of course, a count can be made more easily when you get a view of the entire animals. Description: In this space, record any characteristics that would serve to iden- tify individuals. On certain sightings, you may not see them well enough to.record anything here; at other times you may only see that there is a large and a small one, for instance. Occasionally, you may see barnacles, algae growth, scars, scratches, or tail fluke notches. When this occurs, please attempt to sketch these patterns on the forms provided, then fill in other information as requested. Use a separate form for each manatee that you can identify. Keep these forms and return them in July when we request them. Manatee Page 2 Behavior and activities: Try to describe what the manatees were doing. These are behaviors to look for (among others): Resting - motionless near surface or on bottom, surfacing occasionally to breathe. Feeding - if possible list the type of vegetation eaten. Cruising - merely passing by. Playing - animals rolling over one another, playing follow-the-leader, certain types of body contact, etc. Sexual - several (4 or more usually) animals pursuing another which is the object of attention. *Drinking - of creek water or incoming sources. � Vocalizing - high pitched sounds emitted , record the situation in which emitted. � Body contact - any form of touching, nuzzling, etc. Examples Name George Smith MANATEE SIGHTING DATA SHEET Address Code- Address 33 NW Citrus Circle Dates Feb 21 Timer 7A.M.; 8-9:30 a.M. Number: Descriptions Behavior and activities Dates Feb 22 Timer Number: Descriptions DID NOT LOOK Behavior and activitiest Dates Feb 23 Timer 5:30-6:15 p.m. Number: 3 in a close group Description: one 9 ft; one 8 ft; one 4 ft; could only see that large one was dark brown other two were greyish Behavior and activities: The three fed on hyacinths, slowly working their way downstream, occasionally the calf nuzzled or rolled over the back of the largest manater Manatee Page 3 At the end of each month Use the first few days of next month as needed to fill in the entire sheet. Then drop your sheets off at the City Hall, or mail them: Manatee Project Palm Bay City Hall 175 NW Palm Bay Road Palm Bay, Florida 32905-2994 Name: MANATEE SIGHTING LATA SHEET Addresss Dates Times N uT.. I.- e r : Wescriptions Behavior and actiyitiess Dates Times Number: Descriptions Behavior and activities: Dates Times Number: Descriptions Behavior-and-activitiest- Dates Times Number: Descriptions Behavior and actlyitiest Dates Timet Number: Descriptions Behavior and activities: Dates Times Number: Descriptions Behavior and actlyitiest Dates Times Number: Descriptions Behavior and actiyitiess AN LMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: 0 APPENDIX B: Weekly summary of numbers and locations of nianatees sighted in the standard survey 0 c Jell-- M M A R @ * z,@ da-to- "@t- c-', D AT -t: LOCATION NO.AKIMALS -nMf- AVE. #5ceri er 093o-j2lo A7 1.@kxp -i630- 13 R H- .0.-7,q 0 JAI X--* U - 1-710 06 10 - 0-740 lh- i35'0 -iblO ,@ 0@) - N sb 2,13 5/0 - 17@0 ------ PHK a30 (-330 10 j@ lqqo () 7 5-ol, eH M X PHPI i -7,Z 0 PH rl 2,11q v H rl L-7 -0-2,--mm -- --- - @0.150 PHO 1-7 2,0- --@L- 0-7/0 -3.33 wse boc.K@- 91/2\3 PHM 49, PH M i5lo @l PHM- 0710- 1610.- AVE - DATF_ LOCIMON -DME 5uplve@ N 000 20. Iq 30 .31q -ell K B R.14 161-0 IND 0 7 qP -31 / @___ -4 9- --og-M 3/ 13 130- i5 PHM 0930 25 .3 P-Fi(-I- -3/a,17 1130 -emil PH M (0 CIF/O - 1@50 4@ WVC4 Y ------- w9d 17sm -4P- w -4i -wHd Zvi: w Hd Y, M4d 4:k- W 14.4 xluo Awl Pd 0 -L. V (-)-I --I!-VU VJ I p =1 N OZ) @2- 2 J 1100 2, 7t-l /430--@ 85- az- 4@ 3- YO-Chf C106- I 0730 1'5M- (Rct w r7tO -2-oor) -3 -33 -57- AVE +4- bftTf- LOCA--IIW vim TI PH rt T40 7 @K (S4Acluary 4 MalaL#Y-) -D?X- RR+ Pc-l,kar) ofco- ioro - 1310 R R 4@e2, ;@c e2- RR@ 3 isqO 0& qo Wo -#G .71@k (matabor+ r2el..00- 0630-08'30@ -3 7,.67 2,, )15-0 7 PFJ PI 1'5(0 71-7 oa YO - /11( ) --lk 3-3 TIME, 5ufzvey-s SUPVFY -3 7@0 7115- 3 RR-,>we5f 16 30- 0 0 TC7 KR NO -7ZO 1()30 Z* Vz lab4r - . I 1@- 77@;@( @@u lclucl-r@ C4*CO-VllCf- /'@(o -71@L3 iG 71* 0 Co. 7f;zff- 0 5IX 0 410 J@-7(@l 07z-o 050 130 4= 3 PR C. 67 145-0-/750 Mvo 14ck- i5b -150-0 9(to /cf.20 - / 730 @K ffol (Ciiru@D o 6;to - 0 3-x wo R P, 3 W2 5 f- 1, 3. c .67 AVE L(@c v no A!@I@ms -D sug@@@ PfFK 5CII@WFK -,2-0 10 "0 1330 7' 1-340 114(() 17 C-0 I 4 APPENDIX C: Weekly summary of behavioral data obtained in observations of the standard survey 0- BE W100r, 5UMMARY v-Lk yi q F-tA yl@13@ Y, ci 2b 3/17 OSI ilk ,Ylq - 5-ItS- 5ha 66: --Q6, - h/ 7 -7 (t o 7/,'-@ 0- )Jxt- 7 @ Li Cr vt, rl ki q,,) 6L ;@b ca it be tf-c,-, b,*Dm Wf(c,@ 14 - ce- 15/ 1@-- ;5 3 -7/3 ov@ h1c, 7Lft - 7//7; 7@0r - 7 0 zONE K t-e ed i nfj Rc,5j-fnj Ma-f-i nj 1 Dri,4ivn pi", r19 1 'V7 7 3)13 @?/j 31,- A7 It 6 - 2-7 -71-1 7 4( '7/f 7A- L -6 ;Vg - 8,Ml 18ERWOIR 5G(NMAR@ I ZONE Feed A, bo-"Ak YL@ I -D@ Res h T.3+d 1A -@A ;J-7 - P/I 3 L6 I 3/7 - 3 -31 - @2-7 319L Yll sb- - 5-Ig Jo sIq - :@Ay Io 51A - .5/22. c/5- n GAZO - 740 (L('?'- 7/a 719,5- C2 p- @ &.7zc 0. @r/qq- ql# week C(.'Lk i5 0 IbI - a16 1 g3 3/6 1 17 - 1/1 J3/j o 0 ZZ7 1 31 3/,6 -5113 qlq @jho 17 fla- - 4194 --@s - Y@i Lo 5@3 tq 6 f2- 7 7/3 7/1 - 7/16 7A( - -7/17 * - 717-( V 0. -6/7 8 L.-s ZONE WeQ-r, Lt*@, -,Ij 'I Feeil ul PI o,+f Y) bf;vlk(Aq Play i VI) -:;67 0 0 0 otkIow t7 0 X-5-- -5/1 2, 612.7-7 7/q - 7/fo -7/1( 71/7 7A) 6(6 0 APPENDIX D: Sketches and descriptions of identified manatees 0 @ ANIMALJ A 0ock ck brotiuvil5k alr- DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: 1-41 DISTINGUISH ZG HARACTERISTICS: t3r-cwtil-shetae I*,? ovel(ptfern 6,7tloack baryiacle5 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: (ow- ccf- INITIAL SIGHTING: OC/q.@,; 0-k r-haylyle) 6efween .,,Ickv)d5 0-t t3e-4 spr;,@@q) RESIGHTINGS: ColomxTs. F1 n54- kH wa,15 k-@e- r'rl tAeCh0l"nel )@XA-f /0 minwle t*f o,*5 al Wf 11 "4 cruf5ed aw& re!5"I-VIM61 )* -t-hp- chcoioe/ ANIMAL SCY-a+&e DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: ld3ae- W/ QKi+;41,5c,mtclAes (!)eL (Nape- DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: ro6sikij m4c(- (A-S@ fngv,,x NW c(or-k RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS:, I Yk +iok-i 5@3k-kvt3 5eevi 6r-e-f I os i+ pa-ssea e- ANIMAL 5(oa- DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: TV @rey (!5 @ DISTINGIJISHING'CHARACTERISTICS: rroritor 5car DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL. SIGHTING: m;can Har6oy- RESIGHTINGS: CO',NMNTS: Have ichkcgz ANIMAL 5catf.5 r-r 9 r, c /@(' @ r r r r e r - R?- r,_ Fr q @e- (-r-C ry r r" , I C Ct -c CF, e@- r-r Fr rr other c@,je DESCRIPTION: SIZE: * 7 feet COLORATION: 4&t& Jl@ DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: lofowyl@ 6rowm ctovkd5 c+ '33@ ;10vljeJ if oyle Sco,(- ra-01 Ckt6lvl, 4- '5,ee DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED'. INITIAL SIGHTING: ;,/51 g 1). re HCLI-64Df RESIGHTINGS: 2, q 1,?2_ llqlTX COMENTS: Saw rea CL+ r _ r r _r ANIMAL Lk Wq-S e)c" CLV DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISH-INqCHARAC.TPISTICS: very Kry f6r,.e W YW DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: 6eoecdh Lk6d )OV-fdje- RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: poor V@ew irt@-fiafl el(cept -04@ke- ANIMAL (o DESCRIPTION: SIZE: .-7- 9 feet COLORATION: H-an4 DISTINGUIS ING d='CATUERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: re-1. R&C. NCk# 2; 331? P- P4- RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: See" v/ &a,-k cal-C (vto b. ovi ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - 'R, feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHI G CHARACTERISTICS: 5c- ra DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: -RESIGHTINGS: Lod<, COMENTS: AN LXAL 5ccalffffev. ay(c spA< DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - feet COLORATION: moift,46rowp@ DISTINGUISHING-CHARACTERISTICS: color 4 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: 9- RESIGHTINGS: COMINMS: c4w 4 ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: . -7-1pr feet 5Cra COLO RAT ION : FcTec@ to rew ki DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: SULF VCk#erVt DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: 62 Pef, f4a-,r, Ma@-,vjq f RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL -,vrfo-ce lacks 5c"s bat Vae, -5ktr+ oLrk o-t5at-. DESCRIPTION: SIZE:. 7 feet COLORATION: med. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: No V@sijo(e .5(arS Fn+@re d6feW sor-Caoc vnotf4ed- w@6hort darL browiv oL oue MLk-r-z le 43ht @rey i@hete cae-d DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: Pel, Har+or M"., Dock-$ RESIGHTINGS: COIMNTS: bfctv%'t 5ee_ rgion ov\ iA( !q e-5; ANIMAL r-o wA lacLe- q1t pocke 5- DESCRIPTION: SIZE:- G-7 feet COLORATION:_qrey-_ @gwn DISTINGUISHMG'CHARACTERISTICS: one- '51ice rin loack two scrafes or) te4+ srd-e Several fafcke-, of )1'3kf -C0j0reC( 'Ski il m b c4- bf 6rowix c-t5ae cdowt r- eye- DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: X Vg'l RESIGHTINGS. b :3 /;L c) R )Sf one, COMIMENTS: ANIMAL 'Z3 DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - (o-7 feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: &L+ -A& (10 wtil 10 skl*n vp-r y I eacirkery -r, OL on WAMpsJe X@Jlvt si-de were- 115h+-cotored @e- sc4,1113 o4 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COHMENTS: ANIMAL ver Vj tae DESCRIPTION- SIZE: P. feet COLORA ION: vV14 kbmil DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: V(Z lly- 6 r-OOA- b ac K- --- -- - - - ---- -5cars a tonj e-a-ch s(Je- two to -ir, - P. 5ckre ro a-( oraw-44N DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: IfCAV) Hoxbor, RESIGHTINGS: bCC k 44-- 2 W Pelfeav, ffarb6r- COMMENTS: 7here were more Scac-,S, bLLt +@e-se are oties se-eP eviou re cord, d@rLo'+ see- -fluke rf-yovi ovi ini-@O-l s'kfill@ ANIMALJ Vecy dis-fiold- DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - q- S, feet COLORATION: ek V-e q DISTINGUISHIYG--CMACTERISTICS: (I V1 le- to-tin v(0 r0-1 5cv-(,f cl, -hair,5 di5fivic'r- ef-ker )ovi@ t c(airk or eack ovie- DATES/LOCATIONS"SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: felickyl Rar6ov- Marino, )j2,/k3j8;k Dock4-1W RESIGHTINGS: CO'bMNTS: ANIMAL tiny n0tch lake 4 s craf e ID OL f 0t, rc le A &-ick @rc "ly rat tl+) DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION - 1-6wyl DISTING IS I G HARACTERISTICS: cf- PoClyl-@- - - -z'w's) JLA--5t 6aV'Aade -scao 5c-ry le@5 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING:@k, PelfCAn q&rboir MOr('AC( bCCI<#9,W RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: G eo ANIX4j, -+010 bodly ,60 ca-r5, DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - feet COLORATION:_q_Ley--broWA DISTINGUISHrNIGCHARACTERISTICS: Par+- &@ bat cfu-siecl w 43h++fwo, silt Al3at at" si(bp- FILkkf- no+c-he,-S Bama-de- Zscars DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS. COMMENTS: biarl'i- see- riy-t side ov) iylf-limt ANIMAL 17 cLee@ +MC5 DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - 9- q feet COLO RATION: vi DISTINGVISHIXG dHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: .313191 RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: 6@ Am 44- ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE:. feet COLORATION L;@;@ r- k DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: byke DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: Fe@, Flow. M,@,,jok RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: m 1-7 ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - 9 ' feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: 0, IiAe- v@io v@->ible scars DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: 130 1,3 lv@- Pel, Row. Maxfvto@ RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: , fffeet COLORATION: Airey- 64wil DISTINGUISHINd-C-IFARACTERISTICS: Vroff l(or scars on m DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: !31-318'P, Pei, RESIGHTINGS: COMENTS: ANIMAL @z 6 0 (9 0 00 @o (3 0 ,0 0 ()o C) b u 0 0 0 0 0 0 rACLVLY ivJacf- 6),weLde's DESCRIPTION: SIZE: --(,-7 feet COLORATION: A DISTINGUISHING'CMACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: 3)318':1. Pe-1. RcLC.M&N-@AOL RESIGHTINGS: CObMNTS: ANIMAL c r )Dfl()VJY\ OLY-le DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - '7 feet COLORATION: h@k6vawvi DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: wktf,- @(tkke spot5 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: 313162, MCWtVkA, RESIGHTINGS: CObMNTS: ANIMAL# 213 hoit Lou.:@ 0-@m '--15actlere-4 DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - 6-7 feet COLORATION:-jbp-oL,j DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: 5kow-+ Jack CLts"'e DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: C Oll-MNT S ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - '7-lj@ f eet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHINr, CgARACTERISTICS: One- SCra:@CkWk MQ000-C-k DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL C, t 6 DESCRIPTION: SIZE: 7- feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CigRACTERISTICS: @C,1.0-ly Jeep sc.--(Ac,@l rw'.,Vkt-VA@ acv-L-65 bac@- Tew eyof-,, cle-c,a DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: U,,S, E RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL e? 'lit DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - (,,- 7feet COLORATION: - loriwrN DISTINGUISHIWG -CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANimAL 0 DESCRIPTION: SIZE: 10 feet COLO RATION :41-114---k"1%; n DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: pe 1. Harbor rvlan,ACL Do ck it RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: Saw evily Z+s bcLck 4 +iall +CL V). ANIMAL C7 CP DES CRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: lo(?,.Wn DISTINGUISH CTERISTICS: 7 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: lg@L RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: A (-C-vq DISTINGTJISHIN@ t,c4ict t;o-cLtc(,\R-s -U- C W6 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING- '2130 RESIGHTINGS: CO',NMNTS: f6550Dly Cak-P Of AN IMAL crej 1A r<c( spa+ sl,'ces -Crd,, linez, sole %%fokk@ te5s sevece ',,I or) DESCRIPTION: SIZE: G-7 feet COLORATION, - DISTINGUIS IRNG:@A&kACMISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: 3/31/9@, Pei. Hour Mo-riAoL RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: 7 feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: j COMMENTS: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: (e5l. 7- 9feet COLORATION: &ark brewo DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: 15catterec( Ctacl< 0- (1 aE JtAvvve5 On loo-ck(w-aX@e jead loai-nc-de!; -Wet-e do-rk) ewe d6Tc,6Lj Seac DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: q1111,31 NJ. klav,, Mar. @ock it 9@ w RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: Sow cofy 6ack aol i-@3kj- s4e Witictll@ ANIMAL# 33 DESCRIPTION: SIZE: -c-,vf, 7- f eet COLORATION: -vi DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: G? j 5 k DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: qr@z- qcLv-, Mor od- bcck 11: 9, RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL 3 Scar 60 (AvikealelsCOr palc@ DESCRIPTION: SIZE: 7 feet COLORATION: bf-awvi DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: x@tve scaffeireJ loc-ck;nj-5h loat-itacle-s-locaficilu owe swra-i-ch DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: it'l-11TI RRb,l- RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL + DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: re ro4,vA DISTINGUISHING C CTERISTICS: VVI()if-(eA arms 4-mil mk@v&+ lcrapej DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: CO',-MNTS: AN IMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION :-LteLpv" tt DISTINGUISHINC CHARZTtRISTICS: o+ tooak tAja DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: ZDvxe--f@-;', 1014M RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: C@Vxly 50-@ ck.. p&rfiat V@em AN IMAL U V1 DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet (- Ili COLORATION:Jnli @K C. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED- INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: CO',NMNTS: ANIMAL vi otc DESCRIPTION SIZE: f eet COLORATION 77,fer DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERtSTICS: -fat I ri(Sfc ke'7' DATEMOCATIONS SIGHTED: ING: INITIAL SIGHT RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: - -7 feet COLORATION: Z-0-@er fm 4,k DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: WOLVN.Y C-)O"ely spaces. +wo sca,(5 6v@ F-@,@Lf DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: -7 t@ :3 RESIGHTINGS: CMMNTS: ANIMAL 10 I' co love DESCRIPTION: SIZE: f eet COLORATION: wet-ter -(cod -k t, I DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL avect odcLl SOW DESCRIPTION: SIZE: f eet COLORATION: ,/ttkr fm DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: vowlow; +wo uv4va(f-A DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: I 0 1 Manatees Identified by Volunteer Observers 0 ANIMAL to, f IFI0 DESCRIPTION: SIZE:. e, feet COLORATION: -Ajw-y DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: 0 RESIGHTINGS: Cov-1ENTS: ANIMAL# 2. -3 (A DESCRIPTION: SIZE:. feet COLO RATION: __a_mlq -f DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: .2 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: -Ole INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: D (J 1v t L N (I ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE.: feet COLORATION: :b,49.&*Ae 'DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: --wYwo# 31.4 609 #5 4 Y S a a- je i r,,q r S,, DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE:. feet COLORATION:-Al-k-eR 0 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: #9 Aj POLO#* vn * ot PC 0 -- 0 Aj I - 4 DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTE D: a INITIAL SIGHTING.- RESIGHTINGS: A;+L Aj .9.7 d' Z COMMENTS: A W cb ANIMAL DESCRIPTION,: S I Z E -Fr- -;@ 7feet COLOR@FTI'O-N DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: KTW Q) ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATIM, I z-- DISTINGUIS NG C CTERISTICS' DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: f ION jZ-a--@ 'T UIS N @GC CTEI G ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE:. feet COLORATION: DISTINGUIS I,G C CTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: CO'.NMN,TS: '300 a il,ITW C--b ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: ,ZM ir4v@) feet COLORATION:_@@ D IS T INGU I SA-IN-,G-rC`H-ARACTER I ST I C S OL-@ sAlloeo ON' 4eCr4 0 Al Or 'v /r DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: t Z /7.4 L a c- 60,0V 0 6,3k-7 L 4,"r- 5;2 A/ COMMENTS: A "2 0 ,cK A lll'@ 5 AN IMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: /v A) INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: N a 0 lz- s Colelms: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE: feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISIiI,'iG-CHAP-kCTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: ANIMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE,: feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: C0bMNTS: AN IMAL DESCRIPTION: SIZE.: feet COLORATION: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DATES/LOCATIONS SIGHTED: INITIAL SIGHTING: RESIGHTINGS: COMMENTS: THE FEASIBILITY AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE MANATEE AS A WEED CONTROL AGENT IN THE INIELBOURNE-TILLMAN WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT, PALM BAY, FLORIDA By Kevin D. McMillen TABLE OF ODNTENTS Introduction Background and Study Site The Melbourne-Tillman Water Management District Chemical Control in the Melbourne-Tillman 'Nrk,ev Creek The Manatees of Turkey Creek The Manatee as a Weed Control Agent Methods and Results Application Cost of Chemical Control Organic Sediment Deposition Cost Total Phosphorous Release Cost Weed Clearing Capacity/Value Organic Sediment Removal Capacity/Valfie Phosphorous Removal Capacity/Value Feasibility of Manatee as a Weed Control Agent in the Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District Discussion Chemical Control in the Melbourne-Tillman Potential Value of a Manatee as a Weed Control Agent Feasibility of Using Manatees as Weed Control Agents Potential to Clear Aquatic Weeds Management of Manatees for Effective Weed Control Safety of Manatees in Canal System Conclusions Recommendations Appendicies 1) Application Cost of Chemical Plant Control in the Nfelbourne-Tillman, October 1980-September 1981 2) Chemical Plant Control's Contribution to Dredging Cost 3) Chemical Plant Control's Contribution to Phosphorous Removal Cost 4)' Weed Clearing Capacity of Manatees and Assignment of Value 5) Sediment Removal Capacity of Manatees and Assignment of Value 6) Phosphorous Removal Capacity and Assignment of Value Bibliography Introduction In 1980, Florida Institute of Technology's Center for Coastal Zone Management produced a local goverment manatee .preservation program for the city of Palm Bay, Florida. This plan evaluated the possible impacts of a manatee preserva- tion program in various phases of local government activity and proposed a model community program with specific policy recommendations (Barile, 1980). This paper is an evaluation of one of the policy recommendations, the use of the manatee for aquatic weed control. The study site is the Melbourne-Tillman Water Management District, a canal system contiguous with the main channel of Turkey Creek. The manatees of Palm Bay inhabit the waters of the Indian River and Turkey Creek in Brevard County. A survey completed in concurrence with -this study shows that manatees enter the Melbourne-Tillman through the radial gates of the MS-1 water control structure. The Melbourne-Tillman invests a great deal of time and energy to control aquatic weeds, In FY 181, the district spent $85,092 or 41 percent of their total operating budget on chemical weed control. The district wanted to know how they could benefit from using manatees as weed control agents and if it was feasible for manatees to enter the canal system. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and economic benefit of using manatees as weed control agents in the Melbourne-Tillman. This is the first study ever done in Florida which attempts to evaluate the economic value of a manatee. This paper is in no way attempting to put a wholesale value on these creatures. The manatee is an endangered specie, and with the threat of extinction persisting, their value as an entity is considered beyond quantifi- cation. This study simply attempts to qualify the value of the work done by manatee toward the elimination of nuisance aquatic vegetation in the Melbourne- Tillman system. Background and Study Site Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District The Melbourne-Tillman drainage system is approximately 111-,. miles wide by 81@ miles long (Barile, 1976). The system encompasses 62,750. acres (Ghioto, 1977) or 95.5 square miles (Foose, 1980) and is drained by 203 canals. The drainage system diverted waters of the St. Johns marsh eastward to Turkey Creek and the Indian River for agricultural development. The drainage system is now composed of undeveloped but subdivided land - residential, commercial, and rural/agri- cultural land. The Melbourne-Tillhan has expressed its proposed plans in several master planning documents. The latest master plan, the 1977 Revised Plan of Reclamation, expresses concern over maintaining water quality as development proceeds within the drainage basin. The Reclamation Plan suggests a water quality monitoring program (Ghioto, 1977). A water control structure X-1) was built to prevent overdrainage and restoration of the water table. Prevention of overdrainage is accomplished -by a water level regulation schedule. - During the wet season- of June through October, water levels are maintained at a maximum of four feet. High water levels are maintained at a maximum of eight feet during the dry season of November through April. The water control structure has a navigational lock to fulfill a contractual comitment by General Development Corporation (GDC) to property owners in the area (Ghioto, 1977). Chemical Control in the Melbourne-Tillman The Melbourne Tillman spent $85,092 to control aquatic plants in FY181. This represents 41 percent of the Melbourne-TilIttan's total operating budget. The state of Florida helps to defray this cost through a cost sharing arrangement through DER's Bureau of Aquatic Plant Control and Research Program. Through this program, it i� possible for the Melbourne-Tillman to obtain funding for as much as 1/3 of its control costs. A breakdown of chemical control expendi- tures, chemicals used, and aquatic plants treated is presented in Table 1. The control of aquatic plants is essential if the Melbourne-Tillman is to fulfill its flood control objective. Control of aquatic vegetation prevents the choking of drainage canals which could otherwise reduce canal flow capacity by as much as 60 percent (Bogart, 1948). Large snags of water hyacinth can obstruct the flow of water through the MS-1 water control structure. Beds of hydrilla clog boat props thus preventing boating in areas where there are navigational commitments. The elimination of aquatic weeds also provides several environmental benefits. The removal of water hyacinth can reduce the breeding ground for mosquitos (Mulrennan, 1962), increase reaeration of water (Penfound, 1948) and reduce water loss due to evapotranspiration (Timmer, 1967). TABLE I CHEMICAL AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL EXPENDITURES (1) OCTOBER 1980 - SEPTEMBER 1981 $43,229.50' Salaries State Funding (1/3 match) 7,544.97 Benefits $28,364.31 23,346.00 Chemicals 10,972.47 Equipment $85,092.94 Total Cost Acres Treated Floating Emergent Submerged Ditch & Bank 580 575 32 680 Breakdown of Aquatic Acres Treated Total (1187 ac) Floating Emergent Submerged 100% 49% 48% 3% Chemicals Used Dalapon 2.4-D Banvel-720 Hydout 5600 lbs. 640 gal. 195 gal. 2350 lbs. 1. Mike Mahler, Bureau of aquatic plant control and research, DNR. Grant Section. The use of chemical herbicides to control aquatic weeds is standard practice in Florida (Corp of Engineers, 1973) and is used almost exclusively in the Melbourne-Tillman canal system. At present, chemical control has proven to be the most effective and feasible means of control available when taking into account limited funding, the need for control, and the safety of the environ- ment (Corp of Engineers, 1973). The use of chemical herbicides has several adverse environmental impacts (Corp of Engineers, 1973). The application of" chemical herbicides results in a temporary reduction in water quality. The death and decay of large areas of aquatic plants results in a reduction in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water available for other life. Nutrients previously taken up by andcontained in the aquatic plants are released into the water, refueling plant growth and adding to the demand for dissolved oxygen. Detritus from the decaying plants falls to the bottom of the canal, causing a buildup of organic sediments. The large water area of the Melbourne- Tillman, the rapid growth rate of aquatic vegetation, and the limited effectiveness of chemical controls makes it necessary to continually repeat applications of these chemical herbicides. The long term effects of this on the environment are not known. However, it can be assumed that repeated applications prolong or exaggerate these environmental effects making them a:persistant problem.-- Turkey Creek The Melbourne-Tillman discharges its waterthrough the MS-1 structure into the west branch of Turkey Creek. The headwaters of Turkey Creek have been channelized to facilitate the rapid discharges of water from the canal system. The creek takes on a more natural look, 200 yards downstream, meandering through a small pine and oak hammock area known as the Turkey Creek Sanctuary. The creek .straightens and passes under the Port Malabar bridge into a low density resi- dential area. A few channelized areas and small tributaries provide creek access to waterfront homes off the main channel. The northern bank of the main channel is spotted with waterfront homes. The south side of the main channel consists of low lying herbaceous wetlands and Typha marshes that remain undeveloped. As Turkey Creek makes its final approach to the Indian River, the flow decreases and the creek bottom widens forming a bay area. The property surrounding the bay area is a mixture of residential and commercial property. Two marinas border the north and south banks. Palm Bay and Castaway Point, two developments at the confluence of Turkey Creek with the Indian River, provide single family residential waterfront living. Turkey Creek has been classified as having fair water quality by Brevard County's 208 Wastewater Treatment Plan. Total phosphorous is above the suggested limits (less than .5 mg/1) and there are occasional violations of C, BODS (less than 4 mg/1) and TKN (less than I mg/1) (Brevard 208, 1979). Dissolved oxygen has also been in violation of the minimum state standard of 4 mg/l. Data collected in 1979 showed DO levels ranging from 2.8-8.4 mg/1 (Fall, 1980). Putman (1973) conducted a study to collect data on the water quality of Turkey Creek prior to thp construction of the MS-1 water control structure. Major conclusions were that DO levels were depressed, low BODS and high total organic carbon indicate a large contribution by leaf litter and plant detritus, material and coliform loading by sewage in some samples. Turkey Creek receives nutrient discharges from two main sources: GDU's Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant and the Melbourne-Tillman. The Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant discharges .75 million gallons per day. of--- secondary treated sewage (Brevard 208, 1979). Effluent discharge concentration of TP is 4.6 mg/l, results in 9,832 lbs. of total phosphorous/year into the Turkey Creek system. Future nutrient loadings from urban runoff into the Melbourne-Tillman*in all likelihood will be large. The Melbourne-Tillman comprises 82 percent of the drainage basin of Turkey Creek. The city of Palm Bay is the fastest growing community in Brevard County. Eighty-one percent of Palm Bay is within the Melbourne-Tillman. Drainage District. Based on existing and committed.sub- divided land alone, Palm Bay may reach a population of over 180,000 persons at buildout (Palm Bay, 1981). Turkey Creek is classified by the state as Class III waters (Brevard 208, 1979). Class III surface waters are designated for recreation, propagation and management of fish and wildlife. Nutrient concentrations in these waters are not to cause an imbalance in the natural population of aquatic flora and fauna. To protect Turkey Creek, DER has set a zero discharge requirement for point source discharges CWiekowicz, 1980). This imposition will require the Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant to eventually comply with this requirement. Although DER rules (17-3-031, 17-4.01, and 17-4.243) allow dischargers to apply for appropriate relief, movement to clean up nutrient discharges is forthcoming. The Manatees of Turkey Creek The manatee is a nearly year round resident in Turkey Creek (Tiedeman, 1980). They have been observed by Tiedeman throughout his study area during the warm season (April-November). Tiedeman (1980) correlated the sitings of manatees with water temperature, which showed that manatees tend to leave Turkey Creek when water temperatures0approach 200c. Campbell and Irvine (1978) suggested that water temperatures-of 20 c or below stimulate manatee movement to warm water refugia. Warm. water outfalls from electrical power plants in the Indian River at D@ilespine and Vero Beach provide the closest refugia for manatees in Turkey Creek. Seven hundred and ninety-one manatees were sited by Tiedeman throughout 1978-79. Forty-five individuals were identified. Although manatees frequent areas throughout Turkey Creek, they tend to concentrate in the calm waters of the bay. The marina located on the north bank of the bay was shown to be an area of high manatee concentration. Tiedeman's study did not cover the upper reaches of Turkey Creek. In concurrence with this study, a new siting survey was con- ducted to document the occurrence of manatees in the Turkey Creek hammock and the Melbourne-Tillman canal system. Preliminary results of this survey show that manatees pass through the hammock area to the channelized approach-to the MS-1 water control structure. Here the manatees wait for water hyacinths to be flushed through the MS-1 and have been observed entering the lock to eat vegetation. Locktenders have observed manatees bumping against the radial flood gates attempting to pass under them and enter the canal system and, on July 21, four manatees did so. In the canal, the manatees were observed foraging on water hyacinth (Eichhormia crassides) ahdhydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata). The same day, manatees were obser foraging in canal C-37. They were not observed leaving the canal system so the length of their stay is unknown. There have been two manatee deaths recorded in Turkey Creek since a mortality network was set up in 1974. A dependent calf was found in June of 1982, and an adult was found with a gun shot wound in September of 1981 (Bondy, pers. com). The Manatee as a Weed Control Agent The manatee is a totally herbivorous aquatic mammal native to more than 40 tropical and subtropical countries of the Americas and Africa. The genus Treichechus is composed of three species: T. Mantus, the Caribbean or Florida manatee; T. Inunguis, the Amazon manatee; T. Senegalensis, the West African manatee. Manatees belong to the order Sirenia. They may reach a length of 13 feet and weigh over half a ton. The Florida manatee is an endangered species inhabiting rivers, estuaries, and coastal waterways. Its primary habitat is Florida waters, seeking refuge from cold in warm water springs and power plant discharges (Layne, 1965). The population of the Florida manatee is estimated at 800-1,000 (Irvine & Campbell, 1978). There is evidence that Brevard County may contain the largest population of manatees in Florida (Hartman, 1974). There is insufficient historical data to state absolutely whether the manatee population is stable, increasing or decreasing in Florida (Wray, 1978). However, Florida's in- creasing population and the accompanying growth has resulted in serious threats to t1fe viability of the population. These threats include collisions with power boats and barges, drowning in flood control gates, vandalism and poaching, and entanglement in fishing gear (Wray, 1978). Mortality due to flood control gates is of particular interest in this study since manatees must pass through the MS-Ito enter the Nlelbourne-Tillman. From 1974-77, six percent of recorded manatee deaths resulted from automatic flood gates and canal locks (Irvine, 1978). Ten of the 11 deaths were caused by automatic flood gates operating during the rainy season from May to October. Manatees drown when they are sucked down into the gates as they open in response to rising water level. Manatees are opportunistic feeders and have been observed grazing on a wide variety-of aquatic plants. Manatees prefer submerged plants to floating and emergent (Allsopp, 1969; Hartman, 1979). They have also been observed feeding on algae that grows on pilings and mooring lines (Hartman, 1979). Captive Manatees have been recorded to eat up to one-fourth of their body weight per day in wet greens, or as much as one kilogram of Vegetation per five centimeters of body weight (Hartman, 1979). During the 1960s and '70s, a number of studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of manatees controlling aquatic weeds. Manatees were first used as a natural and economic agent for aquatic weed control in Guyana in 1916 (Anon, 1974). Manatees were observed to consume as much as ZO percent of their body weight and were considered highly affective in clearing weed choked canals. Two manatees, 71-,. feet long, were capable of clearing a canal 22 feet wide and 1,600 yards long in 17 weeks. The Canal Zone Governemt studied the weed clearing ability of manatees-in an attempt to remove surface vegetation providing breeding areas for mosquitos (MacLaren, 1967). Manatees became selective in their eating havits when there was abundant1begetation, often choosing the softer submergent plants. It was observed that five manatees were incapable of clearing a seven acre lagoon. The canal zone would need a herd of 1,,000-2,000 manatees to fulfill their needs. A study was conducted by Florida Atlantic University in 1964 to test the effective- ness of the manatee as a weed control agent in a more northern extension of the genus's range. The manatees were found to be effective weed control agents. However, manatees confined to the canals over the winter months died of respiratory failure (Sguros, 1966). Lomolino (1977) studied the ecological role of the manatee in water hyacinth dominated ecosystems. He found that manatees were efficient removers of water hyacinth from aquatic systems, digesting 82.6 percent of their dry matter intake. As nutrient removers they did not fair as well, assimilation efficiencies for phosphorous were a low 5.1 percent. Methods To determine the value derived from the use of manatees as weed control agents, the costs of the'current method of control, chemical herbicides, was applied to the equivalent amount of control provided by a manatee. The cost of chemical control was considered to be the cost of application of the herbicides and the indirect cost of the dredging of organic sediments and the removal of phosphorous released by the decay of the plant material. Application Cost of Chemical Control The cost of chemical control was evaluated in acres per year and in tons of aquatic weed *controlled. The cost per acre was derived by the total expend-iture on weed control for FY181 divided by the number of acres controlled. The cost per ton was determined by a representative standing density of aquatic plants per acre and'dividing by the cost per acre determined above. Thi@ method includes the following assumption: the standing densities of aquatic plants cited by Bagnal (1981) is representative of the Melboulme-Tillman. Application Cost of Chemical Control Amount of Control Cost One Acre $ 45.58 1,867 Acres $85,093.00 One Ton Plant Material .75 Organic Sediment Deposition Cost The method to evaluate the cost of organic sediment deposition was to assign it as part of the cost of dredging. The weig .,ht of organic material that causes dredging to commence was related to the annual productivity of aquatic plants after the leaching of macronutrients was accounted. From this, the number of years it takes to deposit the amount of organic material to trigger dredging was determined. The number of years of deposition was used to determine the dredging costs attributed to organic sedimentation each year. This method includes the following assumptions: 1) Dredging commences when 13.5 inches of sediment is deposited (Panebianco, pers. comm.). 2) The annual dry matter productivity of aquatic plants cited by Bagnal (1981) is representative of the Nfelbourne-Tillman. 3) The percent of composition of macronutrients in aquatic plants cited by Eas-i-ey(1974) and Steward (1970) is representative of plants in the Melbourne-Tillman. 4) There is complete leaching of -macronutrients and the leaching of micranutrients is insignificant. 5) There is no loss of organic sediment from the canal system. Potential Organic Sediment Deposition Cost Amount Depos ited* Cost 1 ton $ 24 6.4 tons/acre/year 160 1.4xlOZ-tons/acre/22 years 3,400 7,600 tons/year 180P000 *dry w6ight Total Phosphorous Release Cost The method to evaluate the cost of phosphorous release from chemical control was to assign it the value of phosphorous.removal aft the Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant. The amount of phosphorous release was related to a representative acre of dry matter productivity and the percentage composition of phosphorous.- The value of phosphorous removal at the Port Malabar Sewage Treatinent Plant was evaluated by the cost of installing ferric chloride addition and the amount of phosphorous that could be removed by this method. The following assumptions are included in this method: 1) The annual dry matter productivity cited by'Bagnal (1981) is representative of the Melbourne-Tillman. 2) The percentage composition of phosphorous cited by Easley(1974) and Steward (1970) is representative of the Melbourne-Tillman. 3) The Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant uses the ferric chloride addition method for phosphorous removal. Potential Total Phosphorous Release Cost Amount Released Cost 1 lb. $ 3.24 73.2 lbs/acre/year 237.00 86,,900 lbs/year 282,000.00 Weed Clearing Capacity and Value of a Manatee The weed clearing capacity of a manatee was evaluated by determining.the possible consumption of a manatee in the Melbourne-Tillman and relating it to the represen- tative average plant standing density. The weed clearing capacity was assigned the value of the equivalent cost of chemical removal. This method includes the following assumptions: 1) A standard 1,000 pound manatee consumes 20 percent of its body weight a day (Anon, 1974). 2) Plant standing densities cited by Bagnal (1980) are representative of the Melbourne-Tillman. 3) Manatees do not discriminate between plant types. 4) A manatee resides in the canal system for 153 days and in Turkey Creek for 300 days. Potential Weed Clearing Ca-pacity/Value In Melbourne -Tillman Amt. of Control Quantity Value I Manatee .25/acres/yr. $11.50 1 Manatee 15.3 tons/yr. $11.50 In Turkey Creek I Manatee 30 tons/yr. $22.SO .49 acres/yr. 4S Manatees 13SO tons/yr. $1012.00 22 acres Organic Sediment Removal Capacity and Value The organic sediment removal capacity of a manatee was evaluated by determining the possible consumption of a manatee in the Melbourne-Tillman and relating that to the dry matter digestive efficiency of water hyacinth. The benefit of organic-matter,removal was valued atthe cost of removing.an equivalent amount- by dredging. This method includes the following assumptions: 1) A standard 1,000 pound manatee consumes 20 percent of its body weight per day (Anon, 1974). 2) Plant standing densities cited by Bagnal (1981) are representative of the Melbourne-Tillman. 3) Manatees consume only water hyacinth. 4) A manatee resides in the canal for lS3 days and in Turkey Creek for 300 days. Potential Organic Sediment Removal/Value In the Melbourne- Tillman Amount Quantity Removed* Value 1 Manatee .63t/yr $ is In Turkey Creek I Manatee 1.3 tons/yr. $ 31 45 Manatees 58 tons/yr. $1,400 *dry weight Phosphorous Removal Capacity and Value of a Manatee The phosphorous removal capacity of a manatee was evaluated by determining the possible consumption of a manatee in the Melbourne-Tillman and relating that to the assimilation efficiency of a manatee consuming water hyacinth. The benefit of phosphorous removal was valued at the cost of a equivalent amount of removal at the Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant. The assumptions for this method are the same as those included under organic sediment removal capacity. Potential Phosphorous Removal/ValUe In Melbourne-Tillman 'unount Quantity Removed Value 1 Manatee .43 lbs/yr. $ 1.39 In Turkey Creek 1 Manatee .84 lbs/yr. $ 2.72 45 Manatees 38 lbs/yr. $122.00 Feasibility The feasibility of using manatees as weed control agents in the Melbourne- Tillman was determined through the examination of their weed clearing ability C, regulations that effect manatee management and threats to their survival'in the canal system. Discussion Chemical Control- The Melbourne-Tillman Water Management District controlled 1,187 acres of aquatic weeds with aquatic herbicides. The application of these chemicals to heavy concentrations of aquatic plants results in a deterioration of water quality. The death and decay of large quantities of plants results in a recycling of nutrients into the water column, a temporary reduction in the amount of dissolved oxygen, and a buildup of organics in the bottom sediments. When the impacts of chemical control are evaluated according to the cost incurred on dredging expenditures and the cleanup of the potential phosphorous released into the water column, chemical plant control becomes a very costly method for controlling aquatic weeds. The initial appli- cation costs are only $45.58/acre,(Table 2). H6wever, when the costs to mitiaate these two adverse impacts are accounted for the total cost of chemical control becomes approximately $443/acre. The calculated amount of phosphorous incorporated within the plant structure each year in the Melbourne-Tillman is 73.2 lbs/acre/year. When 1,187 acres were treated by chemical herbicides in FY181, this resulted in the potential release of 86,900 lbs of phosphorous. Currently the Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant discharges only 11 percent of the total phosphorous that is- Potentially released TABLE 2 CHFMCAL CONTRDL Application Sediment Contribution Phosphorous Release Total Cost/Year $85,093 $180,000 $282,000 $547,093 Cost/Acre/Year $45.58 $ 160 $ 237 $ 443 The cost of phosphorous removal was calculated by examining the costs that the Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant will have to bear to comply with DER's zero discharge requirement into Turkey Creek. The ferric chloride addition method for phosphorous removal, a fairly inexpensive method, would remove approximately 85 percent of the current effluent discharge of phosphorous. Although this method does not meet the zero discharge requirement, it may be an intermediate solution that satisfies appropriate relief. Annual costs of ferric chloride addition are $27,000. Implementation of this method would result in the removal of 8,345 lbs/year at a cost of $3.24/lb. (See Appendix 3). If the cost of phosphorous removal at the sewage treatment plant is applied to the annual release of phosphorous by chemical control, the cost of phosphorous release would be $237/acre/year. Total cost for the treatment of 1,187 acres woufd be approximately $282,000/year. The Melbourne-Tillman does not currently pay for its phosphorous discharge. However, the Melbourne-Tillman could technically be a point source and may be required to restrict its discharge of phosphorous in the future. When herbicides are used to control aquatic plants, the plants decay and fall to the bottom of the canal. The Melbourne-Tillman dredges canals that become filled with sediment and aquatic plants. Dredging is a costly method of removing organic sediments from the canal system. Dredging is contracted at a cost of $3,406/surface acre. Chemical control causes a canal to fill up at a rate of 6.4 tons (dry weight)/acre/year. After 22 years of deposition, 140 tons of organic sediment is deposited which fills a volurne of approximately me acre to a depth of 13.5 inches. Dredging is contracted out when this volume is reached (Panebianco, pers. comm.). The cost of dredging organic material deposited by chemical control is calculated at $160/acre/year or $24/ton. Since 1,187 acres were chemically controlled in FY181, dredging cost contributed by chemical control would be approximately $180,000. Alternative methods of weed control such as biological or mechanical do not have the environmental effects exhibited by chemical control. Their extensive use could have a positive influence on the water quality in the Melbourne-Tillman/ Turkey Creek system. The digestion or harvesting of aquatic plants would remove nutrients and organic matter from the aquatic system and leave dissolved oxygen levels at their ambient levels. Mechanical harvesting of aquatic plants removes the phosphorous and organic sediment from the canal system. The total cost of chemical control compares favorably with the harvesting cost of mechanical control. A 1972 study by the Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission concluded that under optimal conditions, water hyacinth could be mechanically harvested at a cost of $406/acre (Phillippy, 1972). When the benefit of phosphorous and sediment removal is subtracted from the harvesting'cost of mechanical control, the total cost of mechanical control would be $13.83/acre. Potential Value of a Manatee as a Weed Control Agent The potential value of a manatee for weed control in the Melbourne-Tillman. when considering clearing capacity and phosphorous and sediment removal, is $28/year (Table 3). This value was calculated by applying the cost of chemical control to the equivalent amount o@ control provided by a manatee. The weed clearing TABLE 3 0 POTENTIAL VALUE OF MANATEES AS WEED CONTROL AGENTS Benefit Weed Control Sediment Removal Phosphorous Removal Total Manatee/Year in Melbourne -Tillman $11.50 $15.00 $1.39 $28.00 Manatee/Year in Turkey Creek $22.50 $31.00 $2.72 $56.00 Population/Year in Turkey Creek 1,012 $1,400 122 lbs. $2,500 ability of a manatee was based on the consumption of 200 lbs/day of aquatic weeds and a stay within the canal system of 153 days. The weed clearing value of a manatee was'calculated by applying the chemical application cost to the plant consumption of a-manatee. At @75/ton, the weed control value of a manatee is $11.50/year. The phosphorous removal capacity of manatees is not significant. If a manatee was to feed exclusively on water hyacinth, the animal could consume 8.4 lbs/year. However, the assimilation efficiency of phosphorous by manatees is only 5.1 percent (Limolino, 1977). Therefore, the maximum possible phosphorous removal capacity of a manatee in the Melbourne-Tillman is approximately .43 lbs/year. The value of phosphorous removal by manatees was calculated by assigning the cost of removal at the Port Malabar Sewage Plant. At $3.24/lb (See Appendix 3), the maximum value of phosphorous removal by a manatee is $1.39/year. The benefit of the manatee as an organic sediment remover is the highest of the three values calculated. The manatee has a 86.6 percent digestive efficiency (Limolino, 1977) per dry weight material enabling him to remove .63 tons (dry weight)/year. The high cost of dredging ($3,406/acre or $24/day-,dry weight ton) imparts a $15/year value to manatee organic sediment removal. Although the small numbers of manatees that enter the Melbourne-Tillman and their short stay limit their value as weed control agents, the benefits they do provide are free. The benefit can be expanded to Turkey Creek if the assumption is made that the 45 residents spend 10 months out of the year consuming aquatic weeds in Turkey Creek. Making these assumptions, their benefit is approximately $2,5DO/year. Applying these same assumptions to -the statewide population estimate of 1,000, their henefit could be as high as $56,000/year. The statewide estimate doesn't recognize regional differences of the cost parameters used to develop the value of weed control by manatees. The statewide estimate is an arbitrary number based on the local economics of Palm Bay and may not accurately reflect the statewide value. The current philosophy protecting endangered species like the manatee are that they are part of our natural heritage and that their loss will make our world, and man, a little less complete; that the species deserves to exist in its own right; that through the loss of this gene pool, man will lose forever benefits which have not been realized. The evidence that these feelings exist for the manatee are undeniable. The Florida manatee is protected under no less than eight federal and state statutes and numeraus county and city laws and resolutions. The manatee is fortunate in that its benefit has been realized for quite some time and is no longer a nebulous philosophical argument. The utility of the manatee presented in this paper can form the basis for the presentation of the manatee's economic niche in Florida's local economy. It can be shown that investment into the preservation and expansion of the state population will benefit, not only the species itself, but will yield an economic return. The idealistic principles of preservation along with the manatees economic utility provide a more com- prehensive plan for protection and enhancement of the Florida manatee. Feasibility of Using Manatees as Weed Control Agents The feasibility of using manatees as weed control agents can be assessed by examining three general catagories: 1) Their potential to clear aquatic weeds in the Melbourne- Tillman. 2) The ability to manage the species for effective control 3) Threats to survival due to passage through the MS-2 and confinement in the canal system. Potential to Clear Aquatic Weeds Although individual manatees consume large quantities of aquatic plants, their numbers are too few and their control time too limited to be used as a primary method of control. The manatee is limited in its time spent controlling aquatic plants by the water level regulation of the Melbourne-Tillman. Manatees enter the Melbourne-Tillman by passing under the radial gates. The radial gates are open only during the.rainy season of June through October._This limits weed control to a maximum of 153 days/year. Furthermore, manatees can only enter the canal when water levels are high enough downstream to permit enough clearance to get over the gate sill. A water level of four feet seems to be sufficient. The water level requirement downstream further limits the- time they can spend controlling aquatic weeds. Although an individual adult manatee may consume as much as 200 lbs/day (Appendix 1), their small population does not provide the numbers needed to consider them a primary method of weed control. Based on 200 lbs/day and a stay of 153 days, a manatee could consume 30,600 lbs. or 15.3 tons. The possible clearing capacity of one manatee is a quarter of an acre based on an average plant standing density of 61.1 tons/acre (Appendix 1). The total population of Turkey Creek (45) would only be able to clear 11.25 acres. This represents a linear distance of a little over one mile on the C-1 canal or approximately the distance from the MS-1 to the Babcock bridge. The 11.2S acre/year represents only .9 percent of the annual weed control needs of the Melbourne-Tillman. Hydrilla is a problem in the C-2 canal around the MS-1 lock and dam. Because hydrilla is a submergent, it is more difficult and expensive to,kill with herbicides. Manatees seem to prefer the softer submergent species like hydrilla over floating and emergent plants. Manatees would be able to exert a greater control over areas of submergents due to their lower standing density. The annual wet matter productivity of submergents is 17 tons/acre/year based on figures by Bagnall (1981) with a calculated consumption of 15.3 tons/manatee/year. One manatee would be able to completely remove .9 acres/year of hydrilla. Thirty-six (36) manatees could control ,the 32 acres of submergent plants controlled in FY181. The weed clearing ability stated previously represents the manatees maximum potential in the Melbourne-Tillman. It is an unreasonable assumption to think that the population of manatees in Turkey Creek would stay in the canal system for 1S3 days. These figures represent their maximum potential under ideal conditions. Only if the population were to significantly increase along with contact time should manatees be considered as a method of weed control in the Melbourne-Tillman. Management of Manatees for Effective Weed Control if manatees are to be effective as weed control agents in canal systems, they must be concentrated in these areas. Inducement in the canal system by some form of manipulation which disrupts their normal behavior pattern is illegal. The Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act prohibit the taking of manatees within the territorial seas or high seas (PL. 93-205, Sec. 9 (c)). Harassment is included in the definition of take and is defined as follows: "an intentional or negligent act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury to wildlife by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavioral patterns which include, but are not limited to breeding, feeding, or sheltering: (50 CFR17). Harassment of manatees can carry a $10,000-$20,000,fine or a year in prison or both (PL. 92-522, Sec. 105 (a) (b)). Permits are granted for actions which are prohibited under the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. It is extremely doubtful that a permit could be obtained to manipulate manatees for aquatic weed control. The federal wildlife permitting process insures that only projects which are for scientific purposes or that-enhance the propagation or survival of the species are authorized (PL. 93-20S, Sec. 10 (a)). The manipu- lation'of manatees for weed control does'not fit this criteria. Therefore, manatees cannot be herded or transported through the lock or confined in the canal system. The alternative approach is to provide more opportunities for the manatees to enter the canal system according to their normal behaviorial patterns. If the time span of "free access" in and out of the canal system can be increased, so can their weed clearing capacity. "Free access" can be defined as a means for manatees to enter and leave the canal system according to their own needs and following their own biological timetable. Currently, "free access'.'*occurs when the radial gates are in operation and water levels downstream approach four feet. This provides a very narrow time span of free access. Free access could be possibly increased by structural alterations on the MS-1 or changes in water level regulations. Structural alterations in the MS-1 would only be cost beneficial after many years and, if significant gains in population were achieved, changes in water level regulations would interfere with flood control and probably would not be approved. Since free access is the only safe and legally permitted way to get manatees into the canal system, and this method can't be justified under current conditions, it is not feasible to use manatees for weed control in the Melbourne-Tillman. Safety of Manatees in Canal System When discussing the feasibility of any project that involves an endangered species, projects that may result in the death or injury of the species are usually denied. The threat of injury or death in the use of manatees for aquatic weed control in the Melbourne-Tillman can be evaluated by examining the known, man-induced causes of death and determining whether manatee mortality would increase. Collisions with power boats and barges would decrease with the time spent in the Melbourne-Tillman. There is very little power boat traffic in the canal system. Extensive hydrilla beds and the lack of launching areas makes boating inconvenient. The demand for the use of the lock on the MS-1 is limited to an occasional researcher. The only regular boat traffic is the Melbourne-Tillman's air boat used for the application of herbicides. Manatees in the Melbourne-Tillman would probably not be submitted to any increase in vandalism or poaching. The C-1 canal where most of the manatees would congregate is spotted with residential homes and there are service roads along the canal that could be used for patroling. The discharge of firearms is illegal within Palm Bay city limits. Palm Bay also cond@cts ofie of the largest public education programs on manatee preservation in the state. The danger of entanglement in fishing line is small. There is no commercial fishing in the Melbourne-Tillman and very little recreational fishing. The key to the success or failure of a manatee project in the Melbourne-Tillman depends on the interaction of the manatees with the MS-1 water control structure. Mortality due to flood control structures has been one of the leading causes of death and any mortality due to the MS-1 would doom the project to-.- failure. The MS-1 lock and dam spans 120 feet across the C-1 canal at its confluence with Turkey Creek. The structure consists of a boat lock, two amil gates, and two radial gates. The boat dock poses a safety problem for manatees. The lock has two 18 foot doors which swing laterally into insets in the revetment. The doors are operated from a control panel which is not in the line of sight of the sweep radius of the lock doors. The downstream door swings into the lock and the upstream door swings outward into the canal. Approximately 35 feet of the boat lock is clear of the downstream door during the locking operation. Manatees within the sweep radius (Figure 1) could be crushed against the revet- ment. The amil gates are used to maintain high pool levels during the dry season. The two gates have a span of 30 feet each. These gates operate in response to rising water levels greater than eight feet. The required balance to trip the gates the required opening is provided by two ballast tanks located above the gates and floats along the gate's circular surface. Hydraulic dampers prevent the gates from slamming against the gate sill (See Figure:2). The amil gates also pose a safety problem. These gates are in operation during November, April and May when manatees are frequently sited in Turkey Creek. Manatees have never been observed to pass under the amil gates nor have they been spotted in the canal system during their months of operation but their passage under the amil gates is possible. The amil gates*open in response to rising water levels and have been known to bounce violently during storm surges when the dampers are low on hydraulic fluid. Manatees could be crushed during their passage through the gates. The radial gates are used to maintain low pool levels during the wet season. The two gates have a span of 20 feet each. They are raised and lowered manually by a gate hoist located on a catwalk near the gates. The gates can be opened to a maximum height of 8 feet above the gate sill (See Figure 3). During the wet season of June through October, when water levels are main-,ained at the four foot level by the radial gates, is the time period when manatees have been observed entering the canal system. Iffien water levels are nearly equal on the up and downstream side and the radial gates are open at least 2-1, feet, manatees .are able to swim under the gates. 1;, 7 BOAT'LO .......... PT MA 1 rep. 4 - --------- 'I A ;Ii@ A N1 L GATE.'' 90, 1 At@ I L 6 AT E AO. 2 RADIAL GATE 2 FIGURE 1 FORWARD A\ BALLAST' TANK Af DAMPERS FLOAT STOP CHAIN GATE LEAF LEAF FRAME FIGURE 2 Ala way e U-0 -F --- 7 T- -tTr- 9190 AN, El, 11*90 El, 0. 3 3 -M "w" C"T-"4m- w - W.- W; w :1 7 r. FZ717. f-. FIGURE 3 The manually controlled radial gates do not pose a safety problem like the automated flood control gates of the South Florida Water Control District (Odell, 1977). The casing of the gate requires that personnel turn winch located on-the catwalk. The location of the winch provides an unobstructed view of the gates. Any problems the manatees would have as a result of this gate co@ild easily be remedied by the personnel at hand. Entrapment in the canal system when the radial gates are in operation is unlikely. The radial gates are nearly always open at least 2-1, feet. Water levels are kept at four feet and the elevation of the gate sill is 1.9 feet. Thus, at least 2.1 f6et of water is always flowing through the radial gates. It could be assumed that the absenses of manatee deaths attributed to the lock and dam structure signifies that although there are structural aspects of the MS-1 which pose dangers to manatees, the timing of the flood gate operation and the careful use of the boat lock has mitigated these threats. The effect of herbicides on manatee is not known. Ddta is not available on how much of these chemicals is accumulated in the tissues of manatees, nor is there information about the effect they may have (Wray, 1978). Two, 4-D is a herbicide widely used in the Melbournet., Tillman and throughout Florida. In 1973 the U.S. Corps of Engineers assessed the effect of the 2, 4-D on the environment in its environmental impact statement on aquatic plant control. They considered it to be rapidly degraded and moderately toxic to animals but has not been found to be tumorigenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic. Controversy surrounded this statement and currently these effects still remain in doubt. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Gainesville currently investigating the possible accumulation of herbicides in manatee tissue. Conclusions Chemical Control The use of herbicides to control aquatic plants is an expensive method of control: 1) The total cost of chemical control is approximately $443/acre when taking into account the application cost, organic sediment deposition and phosphorous release costs associated with the death and decay of the aquatic plants. 2) The yearly potential total phosphorous release by the decay of aquatic plants could be eight times greater than the yearly discharge at 'the Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant. 3) The potential cost of phosphorous release by chemical control is approximately $282,000/year. 4) Th6potential costs of dredging organic plant material contri- buted by chemical control is approximately $180,000/year. Economic Value of a Manatee 1) The total potential value of a manatee as a weed control agent in the Melbourne-Tillman, considering weed control, sediment and phosphorous removal, is $28/year. 2) We total potential value of the population of manatees residing in Turkey Creek as weed control agents is approximately $2,5001 year. Feasibility It is not feasible at this time to consider manatees as a method of weed control in the Melbourne-Tillman. 1) Although individual manatees consume large quantities of aquatic plants, their numbers are too small and their control time to limited to be used as a primary method of weed control. At their maximum weed clearing potential, the manatees of Turkey Creek could provide only .9 percent of the annual control of weeds in the Melbourne-Tillman. 2) The Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammal Protection Act prevent the manipulation of manatees for weed control. 3) Free access is the only safe and legal way for manatees to enter the canal system. Increasing free access is not presently economically sound due to structural alteration costs or inter- ference with water level regulation schedules. Recommendations 1) A monitoring program should be conducted at the radial gates to determine the frequency and duration of stay of the manatees in the canal system. 2) The hydraulic dampers on the amil gates should be checked routinely to prevent the slamming of gates and possible injury to the manatees. 3) The Melbourne-Tillman should investigate biological and mechanical methods of weed control to reduce phosphorous release and organic deposition by chemical control. 4) The Melbourne-Tillman should consider increasing free access into the canal system if there are significant gains in the manatee population, adequate measures are implemented to reduce dangers due to the MS-1, and the possible dangers of herbicides are proven false or can be mitigated. APPENDIX 1 Application Cost of Chemical Plant Control in the Melbourne-Tillman October 1980 - September 1981 Cost of Chemical Plant Control Per Acre: $85,092.94/yearl 10 1867 acres' = $45.58/acre/year Cost of Chemical Plant Control Per Ton Standing Density of Aquatic Plants as a Function of Percent Composition of Treated Plant Types: Submergent -' 24.5 t/Ha2standing density x .033 = .74 t/Ha Emergent - 7 t/Ha 2 standing density x .483 = 3.36 t/Ha Floating Plants - 300 t/Ha2 standing density x .493 = 147't/Ha Average standing density of aquatic plants = 151.1,t/Ha Average Standing Density in Tons/Acre: 151.1 t/lia x I Ra = 61.1 T/acre 2.471 acres Cost of Chemical Plant Control in Dollars/t: $45.58/acre/year x 1 acre = $.75/ton/year U.-I -tons 1. Table 1. Chemical Aquatic Plant Control Expenditures. 2. Larry 0. Bagnal, 1981. Aquatic Plant Harvestiag and Harvesters. American Society of Agriculturall -Engineers- -Paper No-. 81-5019, pp 2-5. 3. Table 1. Breakdown of Aquatic Acres Treated. APPENDIX 2 Chemical Plant Control's Contribution to Dredging Costs Weight of 'Organic Sediments/Acre to VJiich Dredging Will Commence: Volume of organic sediments in I mile of the C-37 canal: V = 114 ini x 13.S in2 x 63,360 in = 97,511,040 in3 Water surface area that will be dredged: A = 9.6 ft3 x 5,280 ft = 50,160 ft2 50,160 ft2 x 2.2957 x 105 acres = 1.15 acres ft2 Volume of organic sediments per acre: 97,511,040 in3/1.15 acres = 84,792,209 in3/acre Voli@me of organic sediments in mi. 84,792,209 in3/acre x 16.4 ml/in3 = 1.39 x 10 9 mi/acre Volume of organic sediments in grams of dry material: 1.39 x 109 ml/acre x 1.4g organic sed.(dry weight) = 1.3 x lOg8 dry sed/acre 15.0 mi of wet organic sea Weight of dry organic sediment/acre in tons: 1.3 x lOg8 dry sed/acre x 1 ton = 1.4 x 102 tons dry sed/acre 9Y7',MO g Average Annual Dry Matter Productivity of Aquatic Plants in the Melbourne-Tillman 1'ton/Ha/yr@ dry matter annual productivity emergents x .036 .03t/Ha/yr 3 ton/Ha/yr. dry matter annual productivity submergents x .48 1.44t/Ha/yr 35 ton/Ha7yr dry matter annual productivity floating plants x .49 .17.15t/Flalyr Average dry matter annual productivity aquatic plants 18.62t/Ha/yr APPENDIX 2 (Cont'd) Subtract Macronutrients Percent Dry Weight7 Ca Ph K Mg Na N Water Hyacinth Water Hyacinth 10.8 .32 2.7 .59 1.17 4.0 Hydrilla 2.2 .508 4.1 .59' .94 3.9 Typha -- .18 -- -- -- l.S -.33 T.74 .5-9 T.-O-6 3.13 Weight of Macronutrients/Ha/yr of dry organic sediments in tons: Ca Ph K Mg Na N Total 1.2 .06 .63 .11 .20 .58 2.78 Weight of leached dry organic sediments/Ha/yr 18.62 tons average (Dry weight) matter/Ha/yr -2.78 tons dried leached macronutrients/Ha/yr 15.84 tons leached dry organic sediment/Ha/yr or 6.4 tons/acre/yr NLmber of Years Needed to Deposit the Required Amount of Organic Deposits to Commence Dre4@9 1.4 x 102 tons dry sed/acre -1-- 6.4 tons leached dry organic sed/acre/yr 22 years Chemical Plant Control Contribution to Dredging Costs $39179/mile or $3917/1.15 acres = $3406/acre $3406/acre/22 years = $155/acre/year $1155/acre/year -. 6.4 tons/acre/yr' = $24/ton $155/acre/year x 118710 acres $18398S/year Sediment Deposited/Year: 6.4 tons/acre/yr x 1187 acre 7596,8 tons/year APPENDIX 2 (Cont'd) 1. Reynolds, Smith & Hill, 1977. Melbourne-Tillman Drinage District, Palm Bay, Florida. Revised Plan of Reclamation, Technical Appendicies. 2. Joe Panebianco, Field Supervisor of Melbourne-Tillman Water Management District. The Amount of Sediment Accumulation Need for Dredging to Commence. 3. Reynolds, Smith & Hill, 1977. Melbourne-Tillman Drainage District, Palm Bay, Florida. Revised Plan of Reclamation, Technical Appendicies. Bottom width of C-37 canal adjust to width at four feet water level and 2:1 side slope. 4. The dry weight of 15 ml of wet organic sediment taken from the bottom of C-1. Sediment was put in a 500 ml beaker and stirred. Fifteen milliliters of organic matter was scooped from the top and put in graduated cylinders. The cylinder was covered and the sediment allowed to settle. More sediment was added when needed to maintain the volume at 15 ml. After seven days, the sediments were freeze dried and weighed. A triplicate was run and the weights averaged. S. Larry 0. Bagnal, 1981. Aquatic Plant Harvesting and Harvesters. American Society of Agricultural Eng eers. Paper No. 81-5019, pp 2-5. 6: Table 1. Breakdown of Aquatic Acres Treated. 7. J.K. Easley, R.L. Shirley, 1974. Nutrient Elements for Livestock in Aquatic Plants. Hyacinth cont. 5, 12:82, pp. 82-85. 8. K.K. Steward, 1970. Nutrient Removal of Various Aquatic Plants. Hyacinth control, vol. 8, pp 34-35. 9. Joe Panebianco., Field Supervisor of Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District. Cost of Dredging per mile. 10. Table 1. Total Acres of Aquatic Plants Controlled. APPENDIX 3 Chemical Plant Control's Contribution to Phosphorous Removal Cost Average Weight of Phosphorous/Acre of Aquatic Plants: .03 tons/Ha/yr1(dry matter productivity of emergent in MT) x .18%2 phosphorous content = .1 lbs P/Ha/yr 1.44 tons/Ha/yrl (dry matter productivity of submergents in MT) x 32%3 phosphorous content = 9.2 lbs P/Ha/yr 17.1S tonsl/Ha/yr (dry matter productivity of floating plants in MT) x .50%3 phosphorous content = 171.5 lbs P/Ha/yr .1 lbs P/Ha/yr weight of P in emergents C, 9.2 lbs P/Ha/yr wiKght of P in submergents 171.5 lbs P/Haj)E weiOt of P in floating plants 180.8 lbs P/Ha/yr weight of P in aquatic plants in MT 180.8 bls P/Ha/yr x lHa = 73.2 lbs P/acre/year 7-.47/acre Pounds of Phosphorous Released by Chemical Control/Year: 73.2 lbs P/acre/year x 1187 acres treated = 86,888.4 lbs P/year Contribution of chemical control to phosphorous removal costs in the Turkey Creek system: 86,888.4 lbs P.yr x $3.244/lb - $281,518.40/year Cost/acre/year: 73.2 lbs P/acre yr x $3.244/lb = $237.17 acre/yr 1. Appendix 2. Average Annual Dry Matter Productivity of Aquatic Plants in the Melbourne-Tillman. 2. K.K. Steward, 1970. Nutrient Removal Potentials of Various Aquatic Plants. Hyacinth Control J, vol 8, pp 34-35. 3. J.F. Easley, R.L. Shirley, 1974. Nutrient Elements for Livestock in Aquatic Plants. Hyacinth Control, J. 12:82, pp. 82--__85. 4. Cost of phosphorous removal at the Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant using the ferric chloride addition method. APPENDIX 3 (cont'd) Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant Phosphorous Removal Costs 4.3 mg/l1 Current Average Effluent Concentration -.65 mg/12 Final Average Effluent Concentration Based on Ferric Chlorida Addition 3.65 mg/l Phosphorous Removed 3.65 mg/l x-11 x lg x lKg x 2.205lbs x 750,000 gal/day .26Tg 17ffm-g =g --Mg- x 365 days/year 8345 lbs/phos/year Cost of Ferric Chloride Addition 2 Ca ital Costs: $30,000 10 depreciated in 10 years $3000 yearly cost @24,000 annual OTM = $27,000 annual cost $27,000/8345 lbs = $3.24/lb of phosphorous 1. Brevard County 208, 1979. Areawide Waste Treatment Management Plan, pp 7-13. 2. James Christopher, Water Resource Engineer, Brevard County Water Resource Department. APPENDIX 4 Weed Clearing Capacity of Manatees and Assignment of Value Weed Clearing Capacity of One Manatee Possible amount of plant material eaten by one (1) manatee/year in Melbourne- Tillman: 1,000 lb manatee x .20/dayl x 1532 days/year = 30,600 lbs/manatee/year or 15.3 tons/manatee/year Weed tlearing capacity in surface acres: 61.1 tons/acre3 x 2,000 lbs/ton = 1221,200 lbs/acre average plant standing density 30,600 lbs/manatee/year .1 122,200 lbs/acre = .25 acres/manatee/year Weed Clearing Capacity of Total Population 45 manateeS4 x .25 acres/manatee/year = 11.25 acres/year Distance Cleared in C-1 Canal Acres cleared by total population in feet2 11.25 acres/year x 43,560 feet2 = 490,050 feet2 acre Area of C-1 Canals: 2 mile station Al = 144 x 528 = 76,032 feet 2 lock to .1 miles X2 = 74 x 4752 = 351,648 feet .1 miles to 1 mile (Babcock) Total Area 427,680 feetz 490,050 feet2 clearing capacity @ 427,680 feet2 area of C-1 to Babcock Bridge. Value of Weed Control by Manatees Amount of weeds consumed in tons: 30,600 lbs/manatee/year x 1 ton = 15.3 tons/manatee/year 2000 lbs Value of weeds removed/manatee 15.3 tons/manatee/year x $.75/tm6 = $11.48/manatee/year APPENDIX 4 (cont'd) Value of population in Turkey Creek 300 days/year x 200 lbs = 60,000 lbs/year or 30 tons/year Hy@ 30 tons/year x $.75/ton = $22.SO 30 tons/year x 45 manatees 1350 tons/year 13SO tons/year x $.7S/ton $1012/year 1. The amount of plant material consumed per day. Anon, 1974. An international centre for manatee research report of a workshop held 7-13 Feb, 1974, Georgetown, Guyana. 2. Maximum possible days a manatee could enter the canal system through the MS-1. 3.' Appendix 1. Standing Density of Aquatic Weeds in Tons/Acre. 4. .,John Tiedemann, 1980. Population of Manatees in Turkey Creek. Behavior and Ecology of the West Indian Manatee, Trichechus Manatus, In-1-URYI@e-y Creek, Palm Bay, Brevard County, Florida. Master Thesis, Flo-r-l-Ta- Institute of Technology. S. Reynolds, Smith & Hill, 1977. Melbourne-Tillman Drainage District. Palm Bay, Florida. Revised Plan of Reclamation. Technical Appendicies P. 6. Appendix 1. Cost of Chemical Control in Dollars/Ton. APPENDIX 5 Sediment Removal Capacity of Manatees and the Assignment of Value Manatee Consumption of Plant Material in Dry Weight: 15.3 tons/manatee/yearl (wet weight) x 5%2 dry matter content .765 tons (dry matter)/manatee/year The Amount of Organic Material (dry weight) Digested (removed from canal system): .765 tons (dry matter)/manat ee/year x 86.6%3 digestive efficiency = .632 tons/ manatee/year Value of Organic Sediment Removal: .632 tons/manatee/year x $244/ton = $15/manatee/year Manatees in Turkey Creek: 30 tons/manatee/year x 5% dry matter content = 1.5 tons/manatee/year Amount of Organic Material Removed from Canal System: 1.5 tons/manatee/year x 86.6% digestive efficiency = 1.30 tons/manatee/year Value of Organic Sediment Removed: 1.30 tons/manatee/year x $24/ton = $31.2/manatee/year Value of Turkey Creek Population: 1.30 tons/manatee/year x 45 individuals = 58.5 tons/year 58.5 tons/year x $24/ton = $1404 1. Appendix 4. Consumption of Aquatic Weeds by One 1,000 Pound Manatee. 2. Larry 0. Bagnal, 1981. Aquatic Plant Harvesting and Harvestors. American Society of AgTicul tural Engineers Paper No. 81-5019, pp 2-5. ' '.3. Lomolino,, M.V., 1977. Mean Digestive Efficiency for Dry Weight in Water Hyacinth. The Ecological Role of the Florida Manatee (Trichechus Manatus Latirostris) in Water Hyacirith-Dominated EEio@ystems. Mas@ers Thesis,, University of Florida. 4. Appendix*2. Cost of Sediment Removal by Dredging. APPENDIX 6 Phosphorous Removal Capacity of Manatees and Assignment of Value Dry Matter Consumption of Water Hyacinth by One Manatee in the Melbourne- Tillman Per Year: 30,600 lbs/manatee/yearl x 5.5%2 dry matter content = 1683 dry matter lbs/ manatee/year Consumption of Phosphorous/Year by One Manatee: 1683 lbs/manatee/year x .50%3 P = 8.4 lbs P/manatee/year Pounds of Phosph6rous/Year Assimilated by One Manatee: 8.4 lbs P/manatee/year x 5.1% 4.4assimilation efficiency = .43 lbs P/manatee/year Value of Phosphorous Removal: .43 lbs P/manatee/year x $3.24/lb of P5 = $1.39/manatee/year Value in Turkey Creek Pounds of P Removed by One Manatee: 30 ton/manatee/year x 5.5% dry matter x .5% P x 5.1% assimilation .84 lbs/manatee/ year Value: .84 lbs/manatee/year x $3.24/lb = $2.72 Value of Population: .84 lbs/manatee/year x 45 manatees = 37.8 lbs 37.8 lbs x $3.24/lb = $122 1. Appendix 4. Amount of Plant Material Eaten by One Manatee/Year in the Melbourne-Tillman. 2. Larry 0. Bagnal, 1981. Aquatic Plant Harvesting and Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Paper No. 81-5019, pp 2-5. 3. J.F. Easley, R.K. Shirley, 1974. Nutrient Elements for Livestock in Aquatic- Plants. Hyacinth Control J. 1-2.82, pp 82-85. 4. Assimilation efficiency for phosphorous by manatees eating water hyacinth. 5. Appendix 3. Cost of Phosphorous Removal by the Port Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant. BIBLIOGRAPHY Allsopp, W.H.L. 1969. Aquatic Weed Control by Manatees - Its Prospects and Problems, pp 344-351, in Man-Made Lakes (L.E. Obeng, ed), Ghana University Press, Accra. Anonymous, 1974. An International Centre for Manatee Research, Natural Science Research Council, Georgetowm, Guyana, p. 34. Bagnall, L.O. 1981. Aquatic Plant Harvesting and Harvesters. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan, Paper No. 81-5019. Barile, D.D. 1976. An Environmental Study of the Melbourne- Tillman Drainage District and an Evaluation of Alternate Land Use Plans for the City of Palm Bay, Florida, Masters Thesis, Florida Institute of Technology.- Ostergaard, K:B.; J.A. Tiedemann, 1980. A Local Goverment Manatee Preservation Program, Center for Coastal Zone Manage- ment, Florida Institute of Technology, p: 96. Bogart, K. Personal Communication. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 'Gainesville, Florida. Brevard 208 Plan, 1979. Areawide Waste Treatment Management Plan, Brevard County Development Division, Water Resource Section. Corps of Engineers, 1973. Final Environmental Statement, Aquatic Plant Control Program, State of Florida, U.S. Army Engineer District,'Jacksonville, Florida. Easley, J.F.; R.L. Shirley, 1974. Nutrient Elements for Livestock in Aquatic Plants, Hyacinth Control J. 12:82, pp 82-85. Fall, C.J... 1980. Turkey Creek Interbasin Diversion Study, St. Johns River Water Management District. Foose, D., 1980. Department of the Interior, Uses in Turkey Creek Intensive Survey Documentation and Waste Allocation Documen- tation, p. 193 by R.P. Weickowicz. DER, Water Quality Analysis Section, 1980. Ghioto,, R.D... 1977. Melbourne-Tillman Drainage District, Palm Bay Florida Revised Plan of Reclamation, Reynolds, Smith and Hills, Architects, Engineers, Planners, Inc. Orlando, Florida. BIBLIOGRAPHY Hartman, D.S. 1979. Ecology and Behavior of the Manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Florida. Special Publication No. 5 The American Society of Mammalogists. Irvine, A.B.; D.K. Odell; H.W. Campbell 1978. Manatee Mortality in the Southeast United States from 1974-1977. Paper presented at the West Indian Manatee Workshop, Orlando, Florida 27-29 March, p 8. Irvine, A.B.; H.W. Campbell, 1978. Aerial Survey of the West Indian Manatee, Trichechus manatus, in the Southeast United States, J. Mammalology. Layne, J.N. 1965. Observation on Marine Mammals in Florida Waters Bull.-Florida State Museum, 9:131-181. , Lomolino, M.V. 1977. The Ecological Role of the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latrostris) in Water Hyacinth Dominated Ecosystems. Masters Thesis, iversity of Florida. MacLaren, F.P. 1967. Manatees as a Naturalistic Biological Mosquito Control Method. Mosquito News. 27:387-393. Malrennan, J.A. 1962. The Relationship of Mosquito Breeding to Aquatic Plant Production. Hyacinth Control J. Vol 2, p 6-7. Palm Bay, 1981. Comprehensive Plan, City of Palm Bay, Florida. Planning Department, City of Palm Bay, Florida, p 1-8-1-34. Panebianco, J. 1982. Personal Communication. Field Supervisor Melbourne-Tillman Water Management District, Palm Bay, Florida. Penfound, W.T; T.T. Earle 1948. The Biology o f the Water Hyacinth. Ecological Monographs. Vol. 18, No. 4, pp 448-472. Phillippy, C.L.; J.M. Perryman 1972. Mechanical Harvesting of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) ifi Gant Lake Canal, Sumter County Florida. Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission, Tallahassee, Florida. Putman, H.D. 1973. A Draft Report on a Water Quality Monitoring Program at Port Malabar. Environmental Science and Engineering Inc. in Turkey Creek Intensive Survey Documentation and Waste Allocation Documentation by R.P. Weickowicz, DER Water Quality Analysis Section, 1980, p 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY Sguros, P.L. 1966. Use of the Florida Manatee as an Agent for the Suppression of Aquatic and Bank Growth in Essential Inland Water- ways. Research Report and Extension Proposal Submitted to the Central,and Southern Florida Flood Control Board, p 57. Steward, K.K. 1970. Nutrient Removal Potentials of Various Aquatic Plants. Hyacinth Control Journal, Vol 8, pp 34-35. Tiedemann, J.A. 1980. Behavior and Ecology of the West Indian Manatee, Trichechus mantus, in Tijrkey Creek, Palm Bay, Brevard County, Florida. Master esis, Florida Institute of Technology, p 188. j I I Ilf @J@ I III 11 @11@ 36668 14102 1768